十

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (十):
* → Japanese: 十(じゅう) (jū)
* → Korean: 십(十) (sip)
* → Vietnamese: thập (十)

→ Ahom: 𑜏𑜢𑜆𑜫 (sip)

→ Bouyei: xib

→ Khmer: ដប់ (dɑp), សិប (səp)

→ Lao: ສິບ (sip)

→ Lü: ᦉᦲᧇ (ṡiib)

desc

→ Saek: ซิ̄บ

→ Saek: ซิ̄บ

→ Shan: သိပ်း (síp)

→ Tai Dam: ꪎꪲꪚ

→ Tai Nüa: ᥔᥤᥙᥴ (síp)

→ Thai: สิบ (sìp)

→ Zhuang: cib

Unlike 一, which was one horizontal stroke meaning one, 十 was originally simply a vertical stroke. In later forms 一 was added, forming a cross.
Possibly a pictogram (象形) for a needle, later written as 針 (OC *kjum, *kjums), borrowed phonetically for 十 (OC *ɡjub, “ten”).
Unrelated to 支, 卖, 直, 真, 德, 甫， and 七 but related to the original version of 丈 and perhaps related to 由.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gip.


十年河東，十年河西

Ten years on the east side of the river, ten years on the west side of the river.

ㄕˊ ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄉㄨㄥ

ㄕˊ ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄒㄧ

shih² nien² ho² tung¹, shih² nien² ho² hsi¹

ши нянь хэ дун

ши нянь хэ си

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² niːn²¹ hɔː²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐp̚² niːn²¹ hɔː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

prosperity and decline never last; everything in life is cyclical; life has its ups and downs


十進

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/


君子報仇，十年不晚

→ Vietnamese: quân tử trả thù, mười năm chưa muộn (calque)

[For] a gentleman to take revenge, ten years is not too late [to wait]

ㄐㄩㄣ ㄗˇ ㄅㄠˋ ㄔㄡˊ

ㄕˊ ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄨㄢˇ

цзюньцзы баочоу

ши нянь бу вань

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ pɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵ pu⁵¹ wän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Zhào bǎo shuō: “Mèizǐ, wǒ gēn xià nǐ lái, jiù pà nǐ xún le zhuō zhì. Yǒu chóu bù bào, fēi wèi rénlèi, wúlùn nánnǚ, wǎng lì yú tiāndì zhī jiān. Zài shuō jūnzǐbàochóu, shíniánbùwǎn. Mèizǐ yào shì yuànyì bàochóu, wǒ yǒu ge yújiàn, kě bù zhī mèizǐ yìxià rúhé?”

趙保說：「妹子，我跟下你來，就怕你尋了拙志。有仇不報，非為人類，無論男女，枉立於天地之間。再說君子報仇，十年不晚。妹子要是願意報仇，我有個愚見，可不知妹子意下如何？」

赵保说：「妹子，我跟下你来，就怕你寻了拙志。有仇不报，非为人类，无论男女，枉立于天地之间。再说君子报仇，十年不晚。妹子要是愿意报仇，我有个愚见，可不知妹子意下如何？」

revenge is a dish best served cold
revenge is a dish best served cold

One should bide one's time and wait for the right opportunity to seek vengeance; revenge is a dish best served cold


十分

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ fən⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² fɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hun²²/

/sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hun⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻² huŋ³³/

/zəʔ¹¹ fən²³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ fən⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² fɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hun²²/

/sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hun⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻² huŋ³³/

/zəʔ¹¹ fən²³/

China's foreign exchange reserves are considerable.

Zhōngguó de wàihuì chǔbèi shífēn chōngzú.

中國的外匯儲備十分充足。

中国的外汇储备十分充足。

He's a very broad-minded and strong-willed leader.

Tā shì yī wèi xiōnghuái shífēn huòdá, bìngqiě yìniàn fēicháng jiānqiáng de lǐngxiù.

他是一位胸懷十分豁達，並且意念非常堅強的領袖。

他是一位胸怀十分豁达，并且意念非常坚强的领袖。

Halloween costumes are not just for adults - the costumes of children who ask for candy can also be extraordinary!

Wànshèngjié zhuāngbàn bùshì dàrén de zhuānlì, nàxiē pāi mén tǎo tángguǒ de xiǎohái zhuāngbàn yě kěyǐ shífēn chūsè!

萬聖節裝扮不是大人的專利，那些拍門討糖果的小孩裝扮也可以十分出色！

万圣节装扮不是大人的专利，那些拍门讨糖果的小孩装扮也可以十分出色！

Nowadays, the poetry and writings of our country [Korea] give up their own language and learn the language of another country. Even if they are totally alike, it is merely human speech from parrots.

Geum aguk simun, sa gi eon i hak taguk ji eon, seollyeong sipbun sangsa, jishi aengmu ji in'eon.

今我國詩文，捨其言而學他國之言。設令十分相似，只是鸚鵡之人言。


十分

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ fən⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² fɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hun²²/

/sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hun⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻² huŋ³³/

/zəʔ¹¹ fən²³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ fən⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² fɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hun²²/

/sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hun⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻² huŋ³³/

/zəʔ¹¹ fən²³/


五代十國

ㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ ㄕˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ tɔːi̯²² sɐp̚² kʷɔːk̚³/

/ŋ̍³¹ tʰoi̯⁵⁵ sɨp̚⁵ ku̯et̚²/

/ŋu³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɑi²⁴² sɛiʔ⁵⁻²¹ kuɔʔ²⁴/

/ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tai⁴¹⁻²² sip̚²⁴⁻² kɔk̚⁵/

/ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tai³³⁻²¹ sip̚⁴⁻³² kɔk̚³²/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai²²⁻²¹ sip̚⁴⁻³² kɔk̚³²/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai²²⁻²¹ sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai³³⁻¹¹ sip̚⁴⁻³² kɔk̚³²/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ tɔːi̯²² sɐp̚² kʷɔːk̚³/

/ŋ̍³¹ tʰoi̯⁵⁵ sɨp̚⁵ ku̯et̚²/

/ŋu³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɑi²⁴² sɛiʔ⁵⁻²¹ kuɔʔ²⁴/

/ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tai⁴¹⁻²² sip̚²⁴⁻² kɔk̚⁵/

/ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tai³³⁻²¹ sip̚⁴⁻³² kɔk̚³²/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai²²⁻²¹ sip̚⁴⁻³² kɔk̚³²/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai²²⁻²¹ sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai³³⁻¹¹ sip̚⁴⁻³² kɔk̚³²/

the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907–979)

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty


一五一十

/i⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ ŋ̍¹³ jɐt̚⁵ sɐp̚²/

/it̚⁵ ŋ̍²¹³⁻¹³ it̚⁵ sɨt̚²/

/it̚¹ n̩³¹ it̚¹ səp̚⁵/

/iɪʔ³³ ŋ̍⁵⁵ iɪʔ³³ zəʔ²¹/

/i⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ ŋ̍¹³ jɐt̚⁵ sɐp̚²/

/it̚⁵ ŋ̍²¹³⁻¹³ it̚⁵ sɨt̚²/

/it̚¹ n̩³¹ it̚¹ səp̚⁵/

/iɪʔ³³ ŋ̍⁵⁵ iɪʔ³³ zəʔ²¹/

Tā bǎ zhè jiàn shìqíng yīwǔyīshí de gàosù le wǒ.

他把這件事情一五一十地告訴了我。

他把这件事情一五一十地告诉了我。


一目十行

ja-r

いち%もく%じゅう%ぎょう

CJKV/code

いち%もく%じゅう%ぎょう

Sino-Xenic (一目十行):
* → Japanese: 一(いち)目(もく)十(じゅう)行(ぎょう) (ichimokujūgyō)

CJKV

いち%もく%じゅう%ぎょう

ㄧ ㄇㄨˋ ㄕˊ ㄏㄤˊ

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ mu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ xɑŋ³⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ mʊk̚² sɐp̚² hɔːŋ²¹/

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ mu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ xɑŋ³⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ mʊk̚² sɐp̚² hɔːŋ²¹/

to be able to read ten lines at a glance; to read very quickly


十角形

ㄕˊ ㄐㄧㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄥˊ

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/


十年八載

ㄕˊ ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄅㄚ ㄗㄞˇ

шиняньбацзай

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵ pä⁵⁵ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐp̚² niːn²¹ paːt̚³ t͡sɔːi̯³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵ pä⁵⁵ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐp̚² niːn²¹ paːt̚³ t͡sɔːi̯³⁵/

(chiefly Cantonese) about ten years; many years


十日談

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹ tʰän³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹ tʰän³⁵/

Calque of Italian Decameron, from Ancient Greek δέκᾰ (déka, “ten”) + ἡμέρᾱ (hēmérā, “day”).

the Decameron (collection of stories by Giovanni Boccaccio)