僧

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɯːŋ): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 曾 (OC *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯːŋ) – a kind of person (a Buddhist monk).
Clipping of 僧伽 (MC song gja, “sangha; community of monks, nuns, novices and laity”); see there for more.


尼

該尼

该尼

Some people think Taishanese is harder than Cantonese.

有尼人認為台山話難過廣州話。

有尼人认为台山话难过广州话。


修道院

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/sɐu̯⁵⁵ tou̯²² jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

/ɕiɤ⁵⁵ dɔ³³ ɦyø²¹/

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/sɐu̯⁵⁵ tou̯²² jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

/ɕiɤ⁵⁵ dɔ³³ ɦyø²¹/


僧人

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/


比丘

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pei̯³⁵ jɐu̯⁵⁵/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiu⁴⁴/

/pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰiu³³/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiu⁴⁴/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiu⁴⁴/

/pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰiu⁴⁴/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pei̯³⁵ jɐu̯⁵⁵/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiu⁴⁴/

/pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰiu³³/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiu⁴⁴/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiu⁴⁴/

/pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰiu⁴⁴/

Borrowed from Pali bhikkhu. Cognate with Sanskrit भिक्षु (bhikṣu).


僧侶

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ ly²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ lɵy̯¹³/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lu⁵³/

/sŋ̍³³ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lu³³/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ li³³/

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ ly²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ lɵy̯¹³/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lu⁵³/

/sŋ̍³³ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lu³³/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ li³³/


和尚

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (和尚):
* → Japanese: 和(お)尚(しょう) (oshō); 和(か)尚(しょう) (kashō); 和(わ)尚(じょう) (wajō)
* → Korean: 화상(和尙) (hwasang)
* → Vietnamese: hoà thượng (和尚)

→ Tangut: 𗇇𗀒 (*xwa¹ śjow²)

→ Zhuang: hozsiengh

/xɤ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/xə²⁴ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/xuə²⁴ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/wɔː²¹ sœːŋ²²⁻³⁵/

/vᵘɔ²² siaŋ³²⁻³²⁵/

/vo⁵⁵ ʃoŋ³³/

/ʋo¹¹ sɔŋ⁵³/

/xuɤ¹¹ sɒ̃⁴⁵/

/hu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾luɔŋ²⁴²/

/huo⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾luɔŋ²⁴²/

/hɒ¹³⁻⁴² ^((ɬ-))lyɒŋ²¹/

/hɒ¹³⁻⁴² ^((ɬ-))lyøŋ²¹/

/he²⁴⁻²² siũ²²/

/he²⁴⁻¹¹ siũ³³/

/he²⁴⁻²² siũ⁴¹/

/hə²⁴⁻¹² siũ²²/

/hə²⁴⁻²² siũ⁴¹/

/hue¹³⁻²² siɔ̃²²/

/hue²⁴⁻³³ siɔ̃³³/

/hue²⁴⁻³³ siũ³³/

/hue²³⁻³³ siũ³³/

/hə²⁴⁻²² siũ³³/

/hue²³⁻²¹ siãu²¹/

/hue⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sĩẽ¹¹/

/hue⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sĩõ¹¹/

/hua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siaŋ³⁵/

/ɦu²² zɑ̃⁴⁴/

/xɤ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/xə²⁴ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/xuə²⁴ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/wɔː²¹ sœːŋ²²⁻³⁵/

/vᵘɔ²² siaŋ³²⁻³²⁵/

/vo⁵⁵ ʃoŋ³³/

/ʋo¹¹ sɔŋ⁵³/

/xuɤ¹¹ sɒ̃⁴⁵/

/hu⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾luɔŋ²⁴²/

/huo⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾luɔŋ²⁴²/

/hɒ¹³⁻⁴² ^((ɬ-))lyɒŋ²¹/

/hɒ¹³⁻⁴² ^((ɬ-))lyøŋ²¹/

/he²⁴⁻²² siũ²²/

/he²⁴⁻¹¹ siũ³³/

/he²⁴⁻²² siũ⁴¹/

/hə²⁴⁻¹² siũ²²/

/hə²⁴⁻²² siũ⁴¹/

/hue¹³⁻²² siɔ̃²²/

/hue²⁴⁻³³ siɔ̃³³/

/hue²⁴⁻³³ siũ³³/

/hue²³⁻³³ siũ³³/

/hə²⁴⁻²² siũ³³/

/hue²³⁻²¹ siãu²¹/

/hue⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sĩẽ¹¹/

/hue⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sĩõ¹¹/

/hua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siaŋ³⁵/

/ɦu²² zɑ̃⁴⁴/

Phono-semantic matching
Yiqiejing yinyi (Xuanying)
zh:慧苑

“Senior monk who holds the precepts-granting ceremony; preceptor” > “high priest; head monk” > “Buddhist monks in general”. First attested in the 3rd–4th centuries CE, as 和上.
Borrowed from Prakrit 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (uvajjhāa), 𑀉𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (uajjhāa), 𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (ujjhāa), 𑀑𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (ŏjjhāa), 𑀑𑀛𑀸𑀅 (ojhāa), 𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀛 (ujjha, “teacher; religious teacher”), all from Sanskrit उपाध्याय (upādhyāya, “teacher; preceptor; spiritual adviser”) (Chu, 2002). The use of 上 (MC dzyangH) or 尚 (MC dzyangH) to render Prakrit jjhāa /d̚d͡ʑʱɑː.ɐ/ was probably influenced by:
# The weakening of the nasal –ŋ coda in the ancient northwestern dialect of Middle Chinese, and
# The use of phono-semantic matching in transcription, with 尚 taken to mean “noble; virtuous; to revere” (idem).
Compare Gandhari 𐨀𐨂𐨬𐨗𐨸𐨩 (uvaj̄aya, “teacher”), Pali upajjhāya, upajjhā, upajjha (“spiritual teacher or preceptor”), Hindi ओझा (ojhā, “exorcist”), Sindhi واڍو / वाढो (vāḍho, “carpenter”), Assamese ওজা (üza, “one well-versed in any art; teacher; sorcerer”), Bengali ওঝা (ōjha, “snake-charmer; exorcist”), Odia ଓଝା (ojhā, “teacher; one who cures snake-bites; wizard; exorcist; title of blacksmiths and carpenters”), Malayalam വാധ്യായൻ (vādhyāyaṉ, “teacher; family priest”), Tamil வாத்தியார் (vāttiyār, “teacher; family priest; one who trains actors and dancers”).
Alternative theories, such as those put forth by Tang Dynasty monks Xuanying and Huiyuan, hypothesise that this was borrowed from Khotanese or language of the Shule Kingdom, but these appear less likely.

cog

和尙
和上
和闍
和社
鶻社
殟社
烏社


小僧

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/


寺院

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (寺院):
* → Japanese: 寺(じ)院(いん) (jīn)
* → Korean: 사원(寺院) (sawon)
* → Vietnamese: tự viện (寺院)

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

/si²²⁻²¹ ĩ²²/

/si⁴¹⁻²² ĩ⁴¹/

/si²²⁻²¹ ĩ²²/

/si³³⁻¹¹ ĩ³³/

/si³³⁻²¹ ĩ³³/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

/si²²⁻²¹ ĩ²²/

/si⁴¹⁻²² ĩ⁴¹/

/si²²⁻²¹ ĩ²²/

/si³³⁻¹¹ ĩ³³/

/si³³⁻²¹ ĩ³³/


方丈

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ɑŋ²/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siaŋ³⁵/

/fɑ̃⁵⁵ zã²¹/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ɑŋ²/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siaŋ³⁵/

/fɑ̃⁵⁵ zã²¹/

(literary) a square-zhang table full of food; plentiful food

(Buddhism) abbot's room or quarter, i.e. a small square-zhang room, as Vimalakīrti's room is described in the Vimalakīrti Sūtra

(by extension) residence of Buddhist abbots, including the bedroom and its accessory facilities

(Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism, slang) narrow-minded person; petty person


高僧

ja-r

高僧(こうそう) (kōsō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (高僧):
* → Japanese: 高僧(こうそう) (kōsō)
* → Korean: 고승(高僧) (goseung)
* → Vietnamese: cao tăng (高僧)

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ sɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ko³³ siɪŋ³³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ sɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ko³³ siɪŋ³³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/


法師

Sino-Xenic (法師):
* → Japanese: 法(ほう)師(し) (hōshi)
* → Korean: 법사(法師) (beopsa)
* → Vietnamese: pháp sư (法師)

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/

(honorific, usually as a title) Buddhist monastic


僧兵

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ piŋ⁵⁵/

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ piŋ⁵⁵/


修道院長

ㄒㄧㄡ ㄉㄠˋ ㄩㄢˋ ㄓㄤˇ

сюдаоюаньчжан

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐu̯⁵⁵ tou̯²² jyːn²²⁻³⁵ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/sɐu̯⁵⁵ tou̯²² jyːn²²⁻³⁵ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

abbot, abbess (superior or head of an abbey or monastery)


修道士

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sɐu̯⁵⁵ tou̯²² siː²²/

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sɐu̯⁵⁵ tou̯²² siː²²/


尼姑庵

/ni³⁵ ku⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/nei̯²¹ kuː⁵⁵ ɐm⁵⁵/

/nĩ²⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ am⁴⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ am⁴⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² kɔ³³ am³³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² am⁴⁴/

/li²⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ am⁴⁴/

/li²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ am⁴⁴/

/li²⁴⁻¹² kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² am⁴⁴/

/li²⁴⁻²² kɔ³³ am³³/

/ni⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kou³³⁻²³ am³³/

/ni³⁵ ku⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/nei̯²¹ kuː⁵⁵ ɐm⁵⁵/

/nĩ²⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ am⁴⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ am⁴⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² kɔ³³ am³³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² am⁴⁴/

/li²⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ am⁴⁴/

/li²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ am⁴⁴/

/li²⁴⁻¹² kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² am⁴⁴/

/li²⁴⁻²² kɔ³³ am³³/

/ni⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kou³³⁻²³ am³³/


尼姑

/nĩ²⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁴⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² kɔ³³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁴⁴/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² kɔ⁴⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁴⁴/

/li²⁴⁻²² kɔ³³/

/li²⁴⁻¹² kɔ⁴⁴/

/li²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴⁴/

/li²⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁴⁴/

/lui²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁴⁴/

/ni⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kou³³/

/n̠ʲi²² ku⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲi¹³ ku³³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁴⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² kɔ³³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁴⁴/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² kɔ⁴⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁴⁴/

/li²⁴⁻²² kɔ³³/

/li²⁴⁻¹² kɔ⁴⁴/

/li²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴⁴/

/li²⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁴⁴/

/lui²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁴⁴/

/ni⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kou³³/

/n̠ʲi²² ku⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲi¹³ ku³³/


尼僧

/ni³⁵ sɤŋ⁵⁵/

/nei̯²¹ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/nei̯²¹ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/ni³⁵ sɤŋ⁵⁵/

/nei̯²¹ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/nei̯²¹ sɐŋ⁵⁵/


袈裟

Sino-Xenic (袈裟):
* → Japanese: 袈裟(けさ) (kesa)
* → Korean: 가사(袈裟) (gasa)
* → Vietnamese: cà-sa (袈裟)

→ Zhuang: gyahsah

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵/

/ka²⁴⁻¹¹ sa²⁴/

/ka⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾la⁵⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² sɛ⁴⁴/

/ke³³⁻²³ se³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵/

/ka²⁴⁻¹¹ sa²⁴/

/ka⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾la⁵⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² sɛ⁴⁴/

/ke³³⁻²³ se³³/

From Sanskrit काषाय (kāṣāya, “brownish red; brown-red cloth or garment”).

der

(Buddhism) kasaya (the robes of fully ordained Buddhist monks and nuns)


出家

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (出家):
* → Japanese: 出(しゅっ)家(け) (shukke)
* → Korean: 출가(出家) (chulga)
* → Vietnamese: xuất gia (出家)

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɨt̚⁵ ka⁴²/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ ke³³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ ke⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ ke³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɨt̚⁵ ka⁴²/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ ke³³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ ke⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ ke³³/

659 CE, Li Dashi and Li Yanshou, History of the Southern Dynasties

Zìjīn gōngsī jiē bùdé chūjiā wéi dào, jí qǐlì tǎ sì, yǐ zhái wéi jīngshè, bìng yán duàn zhī.

自今公私皆不得出家爲道，及起立塔寺，以宅爲精舍，幷嚴斷之。

自今公私皆不得出家为道，及起立塔寺，以宅为精舍，并严断之。

(intransitive, Buddhism, Taoism) to leave home to become monk or nun


比丘尼

Sino-Xenic (比丘尼):
* → Japanese: 比丘尼(びくに) (bikuni)
* → Korean: 비구니(比丘尼) (biguni)
* → Vietnamese: tỉ-khâu-ni (比丘尼)

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ ni³⁵/

/pei̯³⁵ jɐu̯⁵⁵ nei̯²¹/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ ni³⁵/

/pei̯³⁵ jɐu̯⁵⁵ nei̯²¹/

Borrowed from Pali bhikkhunī, from Sanskrit भिक्षुणी (bhikṣuṇī).


僧尼

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ ni³⁵/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ nei̯²¹/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴/

/sŋ̍³³ nĩ²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ¹³/

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ ni³⁵/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ nei̯²¹/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴/

/sŋ̍³³ nĩ²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ¹³/


沙門

Sino-Xenic (沙門):
* → Japanese: 沙門(しゃもん) (shamon)
* → Korean: 사문(沙門) (samun)
* → Vietnamese: sa môn (沙門)

Possibly from Tocharian, likely the Tocharian A ṣāmaṃ (Ji, 1998v12). Ultimately from Sanskrit श्रमण (śramaṇa), possibly via Gandhari 𐨮𐨨𐨣 (ṣamana /ʂəmənə/) (see Karashima, 2010).

/ʂä⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/sua³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/ʂä⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/sua³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/


沙門

/ʂä⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/sua³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/ʂä⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/sua³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

(archaic) former name of the Changshan Archipelago between the Shandong and Liaoning peninsulas in northeastern China


僧徒

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

(Buddhism) Buddhist believers; monks and nuns


貧僧

/pʰin³⁵ sɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɐn²¹ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰin³⁵ sɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɐn²¹ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

(Buddhism, humble) term of address used by a Buddhist monk to refer to oneself; I


出家人

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ kaː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ ke³³ laŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ ke⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ kaː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ ke³³ laŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ ke⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/

(Buddhism, Taoism) person who has left home to become a monk or nun


菜姑

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔ³³/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔ³³/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔ⁴⁴/

(Southern Min) vegetarian female Buddhist


苾芻

/pi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/

/pi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/

From Sanskrit भिक्षु (bhikṣu). Doublet of 比丘 (bǐqiū).


庵堂

/ˀän⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ɐm⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/am²⁴ tʰoŋ¹¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ɐm⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/am²⁴ tʰoŋ¹¹/


老衲

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/


老衲

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

(neologism, slang, humorous) an experienced and senile person who has seen it all, referring to oneself.


老僧

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤŋ⁵⁵/

/lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lo⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɪŋ³³/

/lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤŋ⁵⁵/

/lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lo⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɪŋ³³/

/lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/


姑子

/kuː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/kuː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

† - husband's elder sister; ‡ - husband's younger sister

† - father's elder sister; ‡ - father's younger sister; § - married; ≠ - unmarried; ¶ - face-to-face; ∅ - non-face-to-face


僧院

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²²⁻³⁵/


僧俗

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ su³⁵/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/sɤŋ⁵⁵ su³⁵/

/t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/


庵子

/ˀän⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/ˀän⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/