女神

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən³⁵/

/nɵy̯¹³ sɐn²¹/

/ŋ̍³¹ sɨn¹¹/

/nˡy³³⁻²¹ siŋ⁵³/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sin²³/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin²⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sin²³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin²⁴/

/nɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ siŋ⁵⁵/

/n̠ʲy²² zən⁴⁴/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən³⁵/

/nɵy̯¹³ sɐn²¹/

/ŋ̍³¹ sɨn¹¹/

/nˡy³³⁻²¹ siŋ⁵³/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sin²³/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin²⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sin²³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin²⁴/

/nɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ siŋ⁵⁵/

/n̠ʲy²² zən⁴⁴/

民主女神


偣

(idiomatic) indecent intention of a woman


兄

→ Lao: ເຮຍ (hīa)

→ Thai: เฮีย (hiia)

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 口 + 儿 to convey the idea of giving orders. The original meaning of "elder brother" refers to the fact that the elder brother gives order to the younger brothers and his sisters. Compare 令, in which an open mouth on top of the character conveys the same idea of giving orders. Similar to 欠, in which there is a kneeling man with an open mouth.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *maŋ (“big; old; elder (brother, uncle)”) (Sagart, 1999; STEDT). Related to 孟 (OC *mraːŋs, “great; eldest brother; first”); see there for more.
Schuessler (2007), instead, connects it to Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔwyik (“elder sibling”), which is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔik (“elder brother”).
Alternatively, Benedict (1972) relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bʷaŋ ~ *pʷaŋ (“(paternal) uncle; elder brother”), which is possibly also related to 伯 (OC *praːɡ, “paternal uncle; eldest brother”).

och-l

(Hokkien, familiar) respectful honorific used after a name for an elder brother or any male senior: Mister; Brother


妹

→ Khmer: មួយ (muəy, “you”) (used with people of Chinese ethnicity)

→ Thai: หมวย (mǔai, “younger sister”) (said by Chinese ethnicity)

/muːi̯²²⁻⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/muːi̯²²⁻⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mɯːds): semantic 女 (“female, woman”) + phonetic 未 (OC *mɯds).
Probably Sino-Tibetan. Proposed etymologies:
* STEDT relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mi (“girl; female; feminine suffix”), whence Apatani nyimii (“girl; woman; female”), Proto-Loloish *C-mi² (“woman”), Proto-Karen *hmɨᴮ (“female; woman”).
* Schuessler (2007) compares it to Burmese မ (ma., “sister”) (whence အစ်မ (acma., “elder sister”), ညီမ (nyima., “younger sister”)), Miju ku-mai- (“woman”), Tibetan བུད་མེད (bud med, “woman”), and also Mizo hmei (“concubine”) (> Mizo hmei-chhia (“woman; wife”)), which STEDT relates to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-maj (“widow, widower”) instead.


妾

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (妾):
* → Japanese: 妾(しょう) (shō)
* → Korean: 첩(妾) (cheop)
* → Vietnamese: thiếp (妾)

/t͡sʰi̯e̞²⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯e̞²⁴/

/t͡sʰi̯e̞²⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯e̞²⁴/

Uncertain.
Possibly a pictogram (象形) of a woman with a headdress. Cognate to 女 with 辛 on top, though in the modern form the headdress has simplified to unrelated 立.
Alternatively, may be an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 辛 (“torture device”) + 女 (“woman”) – female criminal.
Cognate to 捷 (OC *zeb, “victory; booty”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.

Han compound

The first injunction in their agreement was, "Slay the unfilial; change not the son who has been appointed heir; exalt not a concubine to be the wife."

Chū mìng yuē: “Zhū bùxiào, wú yì shùzǐ, wú yǐ qiè wèi qī.”

初命曰：「誅不孝，無易樹子，無以妾為妻。」

初命曰：「诛不孝，无易树子，无以妾为妻。」


姨

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *lil): semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 夷 (OC *lil).

Han compound

二姨


娘

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (娘):
* → Japanese: 嬢(にょう) (nyō); 嬢(じょう) (jō); 嬢(にゃん) (nyan)
* → Korean: 낭(娘) (nang)
* → Vietnamese: nương (娘)

desc

→ Khmer: នាង (niəng, “young woman; girl”)

→ Lao: ນາງ (nāng, “woman; girl; lady; Mrs.”)

→ Thai: นาง (naang, “woman; wife; female lover”)

→ Vietnamese: nàng (“lady; young woman; she”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *naŋ): semantic 女 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).
Not attested in pre-Tang texts. It may ultimately have been a fusion of 女郎 (MC nrjoX lang, “lady”) (Coblin, 1994).
Alternatively, from 女 (OC *naʔ, *nas, “woman”) with an attached suffix *-ŋ also found in 卬 (OC *ŋaːŋ, *ŋaŋʔ, “I for my part”) as against 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ, “I”) (Sagart, 1999: 134). However, evidence for this suffix is sparse; Sagart only adduces these two pairs of words.
As yet another suggestion, it may be a loan from Proto-Turkic *ana ~ *eńe (“mother”); compare Turkish ana and Uyghur ئانا (ana) (Vovin and McCraw, 2011).

Han compound

(～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 娘 (MC nrjang)


娣

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *diːlʔ, *diːls): semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 弟 (OC *diːlʔ, *diːls, “young family member”).
Same word as 弟 (OC *diːlʔ, *diːls, “younger brother”).

och-l

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) younger of two women married to a man; (in general) concubine of a man

招娣

引娣

Used in the given name of a girl to symbolize the hope that she will have a younger brother.


婦

desctree

→? Proto-Vietic: *-bəːʔ
Viet-Muong:
Muong: bợ, vợ
Middle Vietnamese: 𡞕 (ꞗợ), 𡢼 (ꞗợ)
Vietnamese: vợ

Characters in the same phonetic series (帚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Two possibilities:
* Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *bɯʔ): semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 帚 (OC *pjuʔ), as supported by the latest Old Chinese reconstructions; or
* Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 女 (“woman”) + 帚 (“broom”) – a woman with a broom.
Compare Tibetan བག་མ (bag ma, “bride”) (Hill, 2019).

Han compound

夫婦

夫妇

You have your own wife, Prefect, Luofu has her own husband!

陌上桑 (日出東南隅行) "Ballad about Sunrise at the southeast corner", included in New Songs from the Jade Terrace (玉臺新詠) [circa 6th century]. Translated by Anne Birrell

使君自有婦，羅敷自有夫！

使君自有妇，罗敷自有夫！


婿

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sŋeːs): semantic 女 + phonetic 胥 (OC *sŋa, *sŋaʔ).
Attested in Qin materials as ⿰士咠, which is of semantic 士 + phonetic 咠 (OC *ʔsib, *sʰib); the phonetic part is later conflated into 胥 (Li, 2022).
Reminiscent of Proto-South-Bahnaric *saːj (“to marry; spouse”) (Schuessler, 2007).
The Standard Mandarin pronunciation xù is due to rounding assimilation in the word 女婿 (nǚxu), which generalized to the character reading (Zhou, 1997).


嫠

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *rɯ): phonetic 𠩺 + semantic 女 (“woman”).


嬸

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *hljɯmʔ): semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 審 (OC *hljɯmʔ).
Monosyllabic fusion of 叔母 (MC syuwk muwX, “father's younger brother + wife”).

ltc-l

paternal aunt (wife of father's younger brother)


孀

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sraŋ): semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 霜 (OC *sraŋ).
Zhang (2000) relates it to 喪 (OC *smaːŋ, “mourning; funeral”), 喪 (OC *smaːŋs, “to lose”) and 霜 (OC *sraŋ, “frost (which causes loss)”). However, Schuessler (2007) considers these three words etymologically unrelated.


季

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 禾 + 子.
Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007).

雨季

淡季


懷

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡruːl) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 褱 (OC *ɡruːl, *ɡruːl, “to miss; bosom”). The original meaning is "to miss, to long for". Originally written 褱, see there for more. Hence, the phonetic component also adds part of the original meaning.

Han compound

懷胎

怀胎

to be equipped with skills and talents (inside oneself) but without the opportunity to use them

懷才不遇

怀才不遇

to carry in one's bosom or on one's body

to harbor in one's mind; to keep in mind; to entertain

(literary or dialectal Mandarin) to be pregnant

(Magong Hokkien) pocket (bag sewn into clothing)


爹

→ Khmer: ទៀ (tiə)

→ Thai: เตี่ย (dtìia)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *daːʔ, *tjaː): semantic 父 (“father”) + phonetic 多 (OC *ʔl'aːl).
Possibly from Proto-Turkic *ata (“father”) and cognate with Old Turkic 𐱃𐰀 (t¹a /ata/) (Vovin and McCraw, 2011)

Han compound

(regional, honorific) old man; grandpa; granddad


男

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (男):
* → Japanese: 男(なん) (nan); 男(だん) (dan)
* → Korean: 남(男) (nam)
* → Vietnamese: nam (男)

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 田 (“field”) + 力 (“strength”) – man providing the strength for agricultural and/or other kinds of (physical) labour on a field.
Probably an area word. Compare Proto-Kiranti *nam (“man”), Proto-Monic *k()ɲoom (“young child”), Proto-Wa *h/ʔn[o]m (“young man”), Thai หนุ่ม (nùm, “young man; young”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Wang (1982) connects it to 農 (OC *nuːŋ, “farmer”). Goldin (2021) suggests a connection to 任 (OC *njɯms, “to bear; to be in charge”).

och-l

男人

男孩

Coordinate term: 女

man; (only of human in Standard Chinese) male


跨

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs): semantic 足 + phonetic 夸 (OC *kʰʷraː).

Han compound

See also: 跨性別

TERF; trans-exclusionary radical feminist

排跨基女

含跨


雌

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰe): phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ) + semantic 隹.

Han compound

Among birds, males are yang and females are yin; ….

Qí zài niǎo zé xióng wèi yáng cí wéi yīn;.......

其在鳥則雄為陽雌為陰；……。

其在鸟则雄为阳雌为阴；……。

(formal) female (describing animals and plants)


順

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (順):
* → Japanese: 順(じゅん) (jun)
* → Korean: 순(順) (sun)
* → Vietnamese: thuận (順)

desc

→ Vietnamese: thuần (“docile; experienced”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɢljuns): phonetic 川 (OC *kʰjon) + semantic 頁.
Shuowen considers it to be an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 川 (“river”) + 頁 (“head”) - flowing in the river, i.e. following/obeying the river's current. Compare the English phrase go with the flow.


鰥

From 寡 (OC *kʷraːʔ, “single; alone”) + *-n (“nominalizing suffix”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.


麜

female Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus)


龜

→ Zhuang: gvi

Characters in the same phonetic series (龜) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形): A drawing of a turtle seen from the side and from above (Bronze inscriptions).
Austroasiatic. Compare Mon ဂွိ (gwi, “soft-shell turtle”), Nyah Kur ทะวี่ʔ (tha wìiʼ, “soft-shell turtle”) (Schuessler, 2007).

cog

龟
亀
𪚧
𪚿
𪚨
𪚦
𬺞
𮯛
𮯜
𮯝
𮯞
𮯟

What are the four numinous animals? The lin, the feng, the tortoise, and the dragon; those are called the four numinous animals.

The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE

Héwèi sìlíng? Lín fèng guī lóng, wèi zhī sìlíng.

何謂四靈？麟鳳龜龍，謂之四靈。

何谓四灵？麟凤龟龙，谓之四灵。

畫隻龜

画只龟

潦隻龜

潦只龟

(Cantonese, humorous) signature (Classifier: 隻／只 c)


龜

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

龟
亀
𪚧
𪚿
𪚨
𪚦
𬺞
𮯛
𮯜
𮯝
𮯞
𮯟


鬼佬

→ English: gweilo, gwailo, kwailo

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ laʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ lou̯³⁵/

/kui³³⁻³⁵ l̃o³³/

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ laʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ lou̯³⁵/

/kui³³⁻³⁵ l̃o³³/

Originally Cantonese. From the supposed resemblance of Portuguese and other European skin tones to ghosts.

(chiefly Cantonese, Eastern Min, colloquial, derogatory, sometimes offensive, ethnic slur) gweilo; "foreign devil"; Caucasian; whitey

Terms that include 鬼 and/or 番 are potentially derogatory.


子宮

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (子宮):
* → Japanese: 子(し)宮(きゅう) (shikyū)
* → Korean: 자궁(子宮) (jagung)
* → Vietnamese: tử cung (子宮)

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tu⁵⁵ kɵŋ³³/

/t͡sɨ³¹ ki̯uŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɨ²⁴⁻³³ kiuŋ⁵³/

/t͡sz̩⁵³ kuŋ¹¹/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɔŋ³³/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɔŋ³³/

/t͡sɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ keŋ³³/

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tu⁵⁵ kɵŋ³³/

/t͡sɨ³¹ ki̯uŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɨ²⁴⁻³³ kiuŋ⁵³/

/t͡sz̩⁵³ kuŋ¹¹/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɔŋ³³/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɔŋ³³/

/t͡sɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ keŋ³³/

Attested in 千金翼方 [c. 682] by Tang dynasty physician Sun Simiao.

子宮穿孔

子宫穿孔

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


出生

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰuʔ²⁴⁻²¹ sɛiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ sĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ sĩ³³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ sẽ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚²⁻⁵ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ sŋ̍³³/

/t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ sẽ³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰuʔ²⁴⁻²¹ sɛiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ sĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ sĩ³³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ sẽ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚²⁻⁵ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ sŋ̍³³/

/t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ sẽ³³/

A loyal minister behaves in just this fashion. If he can advantage his ruler and profit his state, he will not consider shirking or evading anything, even killing himself and abjuring life to accompany his ruler in death. … Hong Yan can be called loyal. He killed himself and gave up his own life to accompany his lord.

Lü Buwei, Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE

Zhōngchén yì rán. Gǒu biàn yú zhǔ lì yú guó, wú gǎn cíwéi shāshēn chūshēng yǐ xùn zhī....... Hóng Yǎn kěwèi zhōng yǐ, shāshēn chūshēng yǐ xùn qí jūn.

忠臣亦然。苟便於主利於國，無敢辭違殺身出生以徇之。……弘演可謂忠矣，殺身出生以徇其君。

忠臣亦然。苟便于主利于国，无敢辞违杀身出生以徇之。……弘演可谓忠矣，杀身出生以徇其君。

A sparrow, pursued by a bird of prey, flies into someone's arms or enters someone's dwelling. It is not that the sparrow is casting away its life, but that to the rear there is something to fear.

Zhìniǎo zhú què, yǒu xí rén zhī huái, rù rén zhī shì zhě, fēi chūshēng yě, hòu yǒu dàn yě.

鷙鳥逐雀，有襲人之懷，入人之室者，非出生也，後有憚也。

鸷鸟逐雀，有袭人之怀，入人之室者，非出生也，后有惮也。

(obsolete) to lay down one's own life, to give up one's own life


弟弟

dai⁶⁻⁴ dai⁶⁻²

/ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti³⁵/

dai⁶⁻⁴ dai⁶⁻²

dei⁶⁻⁴ dei⁶⁻²

/tɐi̯²²⁻²¹ tɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tɐi̯²² tɐi̯²²/

/tiː²²⁻²¹ tiː²²⁻³⁵/

/ti²⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/ti²²⁻²¹ ti²²/

/ti³³⁻¹¹ ti²⁴/

/ti³³⁻²¹ ti²³/

/ti(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tiʔ³²/

/ti(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tiʔ³²/

/ti²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti³⁵/

/tɐi̯²²⁻²¹ tɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tɐi̯²² tɐi̯²²/

/tiː²²⁻²¹ tiː²²⁻³⁵/

/ti²⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/ti²²⁻²¹ ti²²/

/ti³³⁻¹¹ ti²⁴/

/ti³³⁻²¹ ti²³/

/ti(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ tiʔ³²/

/ti(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ tiʔ³²/

(colloquial, euphemistic, slang, childish) penis


哥哥

→ Indonesian: koko

/kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵⁻²¹ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kɤ¹¹ kɤ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/ko³³⁻²¹ ko³³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵⁻²¹ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kɤ¹¹ kɤ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/ko³³⁻²¹ ko³³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

He is my elder brother. He is two years older than I.

Tā shì wǒ de gēge. Tā bǐ wǒ dà liǎng suì.

他是我的哥哥。他比我大兩歲。

他是我的哥哥。他比我大两岁。

Big brother, O big brother, I love to be with you, playing, travelling, watching movies.

go¹ go¹ aa³ go¹ go¹, oi³ jyu⁵ nei⁵ jat¹ hei² jau⁴ hei³ leoi⁵ hang⁴ hon³ hei³.

哥哥呀哥哥，愛與你一起遊戲旅行看戲。

哥哥呀哥哥，爱与你一起游戏旅行看戏。

(literally or figuratively) elder brother; big brother (Classifier: 個／个; 位)

>< - face-to-face; <> - non-face-to-face


姑娘

→ Japanese: 姑娘 (kūnyan)

→ Korean: 꾸냥 (kkunyang), 쿠냥 (kunyang)

→ Russian: ку́ня (kúnja)

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ²/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑ̃ɻ²/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/ku²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹/

/kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/ku⁴² n̠ʲiɔŋ²/

/ku²⁴ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/ku¹¹ niɒ̃⁴⁵/

/kɔ³³ niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²³/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niɔ̃²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/ku⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ²/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑ̃ɻ²/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/ku²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹/

/kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/ku⁴² n̠ʲiɔŋ²/

/ku²⁴ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/ku¹¹ niɒ̃⁴⁵/

/kɔ³³ niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²³/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niɔ̃²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/ku⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

(Jilu, Central Plains, Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Huizhou, Shaowu Min, Wu) paternal aunt (father's sister)

Central Plains; Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin; Central Plains; Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin


少年

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/ʂɔ⁴⁴ niæ̃²⁴/

/siau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/

/siau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ni⁵⁵/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/ʂɔ⁴⁴ niæ̃²⁴/

/siau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/

/siau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ni⁵⁵/


人丁

/ʐən³⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐn²¹ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

/d͡zin¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/zin²³⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ³³/

/ʐən³⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐn²¹ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

/d͡zin¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/zin²³⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lin²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ³³/


太太

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ tʰaɪ̯¹/

/tʰɛ⁴⁴ tʰɛ²⁴/

/tʰaːi̯³³ tʰaːi̯³³⁻³⁵/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰai⁴¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰai¹¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰai²¹/

/tʰa⁵⁵ tʰa²¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ tʰaɪ̯¹/

/tʰɛ⁴⁴ tʰɛ²⁴/

/tʰaːi̯³³ tʰaːi̯³³⁻³⁵/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰai⁴¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰai¹¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰai²¹/

/tʰa⁵⁵ tʰa²¹/

這位是陳太太。

这位是陈太太。

Ali's lady wife had the religious name Fāṭima. She was the daughter of Muṣṭafā, the mother of Ḥasan and Ḥusayn. Her heart was compassionate, her nature wise; she was clever and loved the faith, and looked upon her father as a teacher.

《天⽅正學》 by 藍煦, 1852

Ěrlǐ tàitài, dàohào Fǎtǔmò. Mùsītèfā zhī nǚ, Hāsān, Hóusāiní zhī mǔ yě. Qí xīn réncí, qí xìng mǐnhuì, mǐn ér hào dào, shīshì qí fù.

爾理太太，道號法土默。穆斯特發之女，哈三、侯腮尼之母也。其心仁慈，其性敏惠，敏而好道，師事其父。

《天⽅正學》 by 藍煦, 1852

尔理太太，道号法土默。穆斯特发之女，哈三、侯腮尼之母也。其心仁慈，其性敏惠，敏而好道，师事其父。

An honorific for adults, usually conferred on married women following the surname of their husband: Mrs

(Internet, fandom slang) fandom content contributor


少女

Sino-Xenic (少女):
* → Japanese: 少(しょう)女(じょ) (shōjo)
* → Korean: 소녀(少女) (sonyeo)
* → Vietnamese: thiếu nữ (少女)

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³³ nɵy̯¹³/

/seu̯⁵⁵ ŋ̍³¹/

/siau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³³ nɵy̯¹³/

/seu̯⁵⁵ ŋ̍³¹/

/siau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/


婦人

Sino-Xenic (婦人):
* → Japanese: 婦(ふ)人(じん) (fujin)
* → Korean: 부인(婦人) (bu'in)
* → Vietnamese: phu nhân (婦人)

/fu⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/fuː¹³ jɐn²¹/

/hu³³⁻²¹ zin²³/

/hu²²⁻²¹ d͡zin¹³/

/hu³³⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

/hu²²⁻²¹ lin²⁴/

/hu³³⁻²² lin²⁴/

/fu⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/fuː¹³ jɐn²¹/

/hu³³⁻²¹ zin²³/

/hu²²⁻²¹ d͡zin¹³/

/hu³³⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

/hu²²⁻²¹ lin²⁴/

/hu³³⁻²² lin²⁴/


男子

/nän³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lam¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/lam²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/nø²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/nän³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lam¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/lam²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/nø²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

(formal) man; male (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 名 m c)

男子漢

especially one with masculine features or character


姐妹

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sɛː³⁵ muːi̯²²/

/t͡sɛː³⁵ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/t͡sia³³⁻⁵⁵ mui²¹³/

/t͡sia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be²²/

/t͡sia⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ muĩ⁴¹/

/t͡se⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mãi²²/

/t͡se⁵²⁻³⁵ mue¹¹/

/t͡ɕi³³ me⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sɛː³⁵ muːi̯²²/

/t͡sɛː³⁵ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/t͡sia³³⁻⁵⁵ mui²¹³/

/t͡sia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be²²/

/t͡sia⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ muĩ⁴¹/

/t͡se⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mãi²²/

/t͡se⁵²⁻³⁵ mue¹¹/

/t͡ɕi³³ me⁴⁴/

elder sister and younger sister; sisters

Thanks to the fellow for the ACG goods you sent

謝謝姐妹送的谷子

谢谢姐妹送的谷子

(neologism, fandom slang, chiefly feminine) term to address fellow/peer-netizens on social media platforms


妊娠

/ʐən⁵¹ ʂən⁵⁵/

/ʐən⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/jɐm²² sɐn⁵⁵/

/jɐm²¹ sɐn⁵⁵/

/jɐm²² t͡sɐn³³/

/iŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niŋ⁵⁵/

/ʐən⁵¹ ʂən⁵⁵/

/ʐən⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/jɐm²² sɐn⁵⁵/

/jɐm²¹ sɐn⁵⁵/

/jɐm²² t͡sɐn³³/

/iŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niŋ⁵⁵/


妊娠

Sino-Xenic (妊娠):
* → Japanese: 妊(にん)娠(しん) (ninshin)
* → Korean: 임신(妊娠) (imsin)

/ʐən⁵¹ ʂən⁵⁵/

/ʐən⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/jɐm²² sɐn⁵⁵/

/jɐm²¹ sɐn⁵⁵/

/jɐm²² t͡sɐn³³/

/iŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niŋ⁵⁵/

/ʐən⁵¹ ʂən⁵⁵/

/ʐən⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/jɐm²² sɐn⁵⁵/

/jɐm²¹ sɐn⁵⁵/

/jɐm²² t͡sɐn³³/

/iŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niŋ⁵⁵/

高危妊娠


姐姐

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɛ⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/t͡ɕiɛ⁵³ t͡ɕiɛ⁵³⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕiə⁵¹ t͡ɕiə²⁴/

dze²⁻⁴ dze²⁻¹

dze²⁻¹ dze²⁻¹

/t͡sɛː³⁵⁻²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛː³⁵⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕia²¹³⁻²¹ t͡ɕia¹/

/t͡ɕie⁵³ t͡ɕie⁵³⁻¹¹/

/t͡sia⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡ɕia³³ t͡ɕia⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯e̞⁴¹ t͡ɕi̯e̞³/

/t͡ɕi̯a̠⁴¹ t͡ɕi̯a̠³/

/t͡si̯ɔ⁴² t͡si̯ɔ³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä³³ t͡ɕi̯ä³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɛ⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/t͡ɕiɛ⁵³ t͡ɕiɛ⁵³⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕiə⁵¹ t͡ɕiə²⁴/

/t͡sɛː³⁵⁻²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛː³⁵⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕia²¹³⁻²¹ t͡ɕia¹/

/t͡ɕie⁵³ t͡ɕie⁵³⁻¹¹/

/t͡sia⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡ɕia³³ t͡ɕia⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯e̞⁴¹ t͡ɕi̯e̞³/

/t͡ɕi̯a̠⁴¹ t͡ɕi̯a̠³/

/t͡si̯ɔ⁴² t͡si̯ɔ³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä³³ t͡ɕi̯ä³/

姐妹

elder sister and younger sister; sisters

Term of address for a female not much older than oneself.

(Hong Kong Cantonese) female domestic helper


兄弟

ryu-r

兄(ちょー)弟(でー) (chōdē)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (兄弟):
* → Japanese: 兄(きょう)弟(だい) (kyōdai); 兄(けい)弟(てい) (keitei)
* → Okinawan: 兄(ちょー)弟(でー) (chōdē)
* → Korean: 형제(兄弟) (hyeongje)
* → Jeju: 성제 (seongje)
* → Vietnamese: huynh đệ (兄弟)

/ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/

/ɕyoŋ⁵⁵ ti²¹³/

/ɕyŋ²⁴ ti²⁴/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐi̯²²/

/həŋ²¹³ tɔi³²/

/ˈɕiaŋ⁴² tʰi¹¹/

/ˈɕiuŋ⁴² tʰi¹¹/

/hi̯uŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi⁵⁵/

/hiʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi⁵³/

/ɕyŋ¹¹ ti⁴⁵/

/hiaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾niɛ²⁴²/

/hiã⁴⁴⁻³³ ti³³/

/hiã⁴⁴⁻²² ti²²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ te³³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² te²²/

/hiɪŋ³³ te²²/

/hĩã³³⁻²³ ti³⁵/

/hiɐŋ⁵³ təi²²/

/βiɐŋ⁵³ təi²²/

/ɕioŋ⁵⁵ di²¹/

/ɕi̯ʊŋ³³ ti²¹⁻¹¹/

/ɕin³³ ti²¹⁻¹¹/

/ɕyn⁴⁴ di¹¹⁻¹/

/ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/

/ɕyoŋ⁵⁵ ti²¹³/

/ɕyŋ²⁴ ti²⁴/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐi̯²²/

/həŋ²¹³ tɔi³²/

/ˈɕiaŋ⁴² tʰi¹¹/

/ˈɕiuŋ⁴² tʰi¹¹/

/hi̯uŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi⁵⁵/

/hiʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi⁵³/

/ɕyŋ¹¹ ti⁴⁵/

/hiaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾niɛ²⁴²/

/hiã⁴⁴⁻³³ ti³³/

/hiã⁴⁴⁻²² ti²²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ te³³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² te²²/

/hiɪŋ³³ te²²/

/hĩã³³⁻²³ ti³⁵/

/hiɐŋ⁵³ təi²²/

/βiɐŋ⁵³ təi²²/

/ɕioŋ⁵⁵ di²¹/

/ɕi̯ʊŋ³³ ti²¹⁻¹¹/

/ɕin³³ ti²¹⁻¹¹/

/ɕyn⁴⁴ di¹¹⁻¹/

Dvandva of 兄 (xiōng, “older brother”) + 弟 (dì, “younger brother”)


祖父

Sino-Xenic (祖父):
* → Japanese: 祖父(そふ) (sofu)
* → Korean: 조부(祖父) (jobu)

/t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵¹/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hu³³/

/t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hu³³/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hu²²/

/t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hu²²/

/t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵¹/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hu³³/

/t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hu³³/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hu²²/

/t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hu²²/

My grandfather can neither read nor write.

我祖父既不會讀又不會寫。

我祖父既不会读又不会写。

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather

(formal) paternal grandfather (one's father's father)


祖母

/t͡su²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡su³³⁻³⁵ mu³³/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bu⁵³/

/t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bu⁴¹/

/t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bio⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bo⁵³/

/t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bɤ⁴¹/

/t͡su²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡su³³⁻³⁵ mu³³/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bu⁵³/

/t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bu⁴¹/

/t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bio⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bo⁵³/

/t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bɤ⁴¹/

We had a holiday, so our whole family went to the countryside to visit grandmother.

Fàngjià le, wǒmen yījiādàxiǎo wǎng xiāngxià qù tànwàng zǔmǔ.

放假了，我們一家大小往鄉下去探望祖母。

放假了，我们一家大小往乡下去探望祖母。

paternal grandmother
paternal grandmother


叔母

/ʂu⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂu³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂu⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂu³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


女大十八變

ㄋㄩˇ ㄉㄚˋ ㄕˊ ㄅㄚ ㄅㄧㄢˋ

ㄋㄩˇ ㄉㄚˋ ㄕˊ ㄅㄚˊ ㄅㄧㄢˋ

нюй да шиба бянь

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ pä⁵⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ pä³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵ taːi̯²² sɐp̚² paːt̚³ piːn³³/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ pä⁵⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ pä³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵ taːi̯²² sɐp̚² paːt̚³ piːn³³/

After having blossomed into womanhood, she has become a statuesque little swan.

Nǚ dà shíbābiàn, tā rújīn yǐ chéngwéi tíngtíngyùlì de xiǎotiān'é.

女大十八變，她如今已成為亭亭玉立的小天鵝。

女大十八变，她如今已成为亭亭玉立的小天鹅。

All of the changes that a girl makes when turning into a woman; blossom into womanhood


女大不中留

ㄋㄩˇ ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄌㄧㄡˊ

нюй да бу чжун лю

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

a grown daughter cannot be kept unmarried for long


男妓

/nän³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

male prostitute (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 名 m c; 位 m c)


阿姨

/aː³³ jiː²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻³⁵ i¹¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² i¹³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² i²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ i²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ i²³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ i²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ i⁵⁵/

/aː³³ jiː²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻³⁵ i¹¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² i¹³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² i²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ i²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ i²³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ i²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ i⁵⁵/

§ - married; > - mother's elder sister; < - mother's younger sister

She never suspected for a minute that her aunty was a killer.

Tā wànwàn méi xiǎngdào tā de āyí shì shāshǒu.

她萬萬沒想到她的阿姨是殺手。

她万万没想到她的阿姨是杀手。

(informal, endearing) maternal aunt (mother's sister or female cousin)

(Cantonese) one's mother's younger sister

(endearing) auntie (form of address for any woman around one's mother's age)

a form of address for working-age female caretakers, including nurses, cleaning ladies, live-in staff, etc.


先生

He Xiangning
Soong Ching-ling
Yang Jiang

Sino-Xenic (先生):
* → Japanese: 先生(せんせい) (sensei) (see there for further descendants)
* → Okinawan: 先生(しんしー) (shinshī)
* → Korean: 선생(先生) (seonsaeng)
* → Jeju: 선싕 (seonsuing) ; 선셍 (seonseng); 선승 (seonseung)
* → Vietnamese: tiên sinh (先生)

→ English: sinseh (via Hokkien)

→ Indonesian: sinse, singse, sengsai (via Hokkien)

→ Khmer: ស៊ិនសែ (sɨnsae) (via Teochew)

desc

→ Thai: ซินแส (sin-sɛ̌ɛ), จีนแส (jiin-sɛ̌ɛ) (via Teochew)

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ²/

/ɕiɛn⁵⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/ɕiæ̃²⁴ səŋ²⁴/

/siːn⁵⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕiɛn⁴² sɛn²/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ saŋ²⁴/

/ɕie¹¹ səŋ¹¹/

/siŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾naŋ⁵⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² sĩ⁴⁴/

/siɛn³³ sĩ³³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ sĩ⁴⁴/

/sin³³⁻²¹ sɛ̃³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² sẽ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² sẽ⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ sẽ³³/

/seŋ³³⁻²³ sẽ³³/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ²/

/ɕiɛn⁵⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/ɕiæ̃²⁴ səŋ²⁴/

/siːn⁵⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕiɛn⁴² sɛn²/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ saŋ²⁴/

/ɕie¹¹ səŋ¹¹/

/siŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾naŋ⁵⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² sĩ⁴⁴/

/siɛn³³ sĩ³³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ sĩ⁴⁴/

/sin³³⁻²¹ sɛ̃³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² sẽ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² sẽ⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ sẽ³³/

/seŋ³³⁻²³ sẽ³³/

The specific pronunciation of Taiwanese Hokkien 先生 (siăn-sé) is from Japanese 先生(せんせい) (sensei) as evidenced by its pitch accent pronunciation.


女人

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/nʲy⁵³ zən²¹/

/ny⁵¹ ʐəŋ²⁴/

/nɵy̯¹³ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/ⁿdui⁵⁵ ᵑɡin²²⁻²²⁵/

/ˈn̠ʲy²¹³⁻¹³ n̠ʲin³⁵/

/ŋ̍³¹ ŋin¹¹/

/ny⁵³ ʐəŋ¹¹/

/nˡy³³⁻²¹ iŋ⁵³/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zin²³/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lin²⁴/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lin²⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zin¹³/

/n̠ʲy²² n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲy²³ n̠ʲin¹¹/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/nʲy⁵³ zən²¹/

/ny⁵¹ ʐəŋ²⁴/

/nɵy̯¹³ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/ⁿdui⁵⁵ ᵑɡin²²⁻²²⁵/

/ˈn̠ʲy²¹³⁻¹³ n̠ʲin³⁵/

/ŋ̍³¹ ŋin¹¹/

/ny⁵³ ʐəŋ¹¹/

/nˡy³³⁻²¹ iŋ⁵³/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zin²³/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lin²⁴/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lin²⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zin¹³/

/n̠ʲy²² n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲy²³ n̠ʲin¹¹/

/ny²¹⁴ ʐən⁴/

/ny²¹⁴ ʐən⁴/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/nʲy⁵³ zən²¹/

/nɵy̯¹³ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/ny⁵³ ʐəŋ¹¹/

/n̠ʲy²² n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

一個陌生女人的來信

一个陌生女人的来信

I don't wish to speak to such a shameless woman.

Wǒ bù xiǎng hé zhè zhǒng bùyàoliǎn de nǚrén jiǎnghuà.

我不想和這種不要臉的女人講話。

我不想和这种不要脸的女人讲话。


二奶

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²² naːi̯¹³⁻⁵⁵/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²² naːi̯¹³⁻⁵⁵/


男尊女卑

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (男尊女卑):
* → Japanese: 男尊女卑(だんそんじょひ) (dansonjohi)
* → Korean: 남존여비(男尊女卑) (namjonyeobi)
* → Vietnamese: nam tôn nữ ti (男尊女卑)

ㄋㄢˊ ㄗㄨㄣ ㄋㄩˇ ㄅㄟ

наньцзуньнюйбэй

/nän³⁵ t͡su̯ən⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ t͡syːn⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³ pei̯⁵⁵/

/lam²⁴⁻²² t͡sun⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pi⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² t͡sun³³ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pi³³/

/lam¹³⁻²² t͡sun⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pi⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sun⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pi⁴⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ t͡sun⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pi⁴⁴/

/nän³⁵ t͡su̯ən⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ t͡syːn⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³ pei̯⁵⁵/

/lam²⁴⁻²² t͡sun⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pi⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² t͡sun³³ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pi³³/

/lam¹³⁻²² t͡sun⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pi⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sun⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pi⁴⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ t͡sun⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pi⁴⁴/

Men and women are different: men are superior and women are inferior, therefore men are valued; since I get to be a man, that's my second joy.

Nánnǚ zhī bié, nánzūnnǚbēi, gù yǐ nán wèi guì; wú jì dé wéi nán yǐ, shì èr lè yě.

男女之別，男尊女卑，故以男為貴；吾既得為男矣，是二樂也。

男女之别，男尊女卑，故以男为贵；吾既得为男矣，是二乐也。

The ideology of male domination and female subordination is handed down from feudal society and wrongly holds that males are nobler than females.

Nánzūnnǚbēi shì fēngjiànshèhuì yíliú xiàlái de sīxiǎng guānniàn, tā cuòwù de rènwèi nánrén bǐ nǚrén gāoguì.

男尊女卑是封建社會遺留下來的思想觀念，它錯誤地認為男人比女人高貴。

男尊女卑是封建社会遗留下来的思想观念，它错误地认为男人比女人高贵。

(derogatory) male domination and female subordination; male chauvinism; treatment of females as inferior to males


妹妹

mui⁶⁻⁴ mui⁶⁻²

/meɪ̯⁵¹ meɪ̯¹/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯³⁵/

/mei²¹³ mei²¹³⁻⁵⁵/

mui⁶⁻⁴ mui⁶⁻²

mui⁶⁻⁴ mui⁶⁻²

/muːi̯²²⁻²¹ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/muːi̯²² muːi̯²²/

/moɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ moɪ⁵³/

/mei̯²¹³⁻³¹ mei̯³/

/meɪ̯⁵¹ meɪ̯¹/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯³⁵/

/mei²¹³ mei²¹³⁻⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²²⁻²¹ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/muːi̯²² muːi̯²²/

/moɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ moɪ⁵³/

/mei̯²¹³⁻³¹ mei̯³/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, informal) Carrie Lam


男性

Sino-Xenic (男性):
* → Japanese: 男性(だんせい) (dansei)
* → Korean: 남성(男性) (namseong)
* → Vietnamese: nam tính (男性)

/nän³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/naːm²¹ sɪŋ³³/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛiŋ²¹³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ²¹/

/lam²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴¹/

/lam¹³⁻²² siɪŋ²¹/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ¹¹/

/lam²³⁻³³ siɪŋ²¹/

/lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ²¹³/

/nø²² ɕin⁴⁴/

/nän³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/naːm²¹ sɪŋ³³/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛiŋ²¹³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ²¹/

/lam²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴¹/

/lam¹³⁻²² siɪŋ²¹/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ¹¹/

/lam²³⁻³³ siɪŋ²¹/

/lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ²¹³/

/nø²² ɕin⁴⁴/


女性

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/nɵy̯¹³ sɪŋ³³/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ²¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ²¹/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɪŋ⁴¹/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɪŋ⁴¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ¹¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ²¹/

/nɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ sẽ²¹³/

/n̠ʲy²² ɕin⁴⁴/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/nɵy̯¹³ sɪŋ³³/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ²¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ²¹/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɪŋ⁴¹/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɪŋ⁴¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ¹¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ²¹/

/nɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ sẽ²¹³/

/n̠ʲy²² ɕin⁴⁴/

女性衛生用品

女性卫生用品

(often attributive) the female sex; female

月經期女性

月经期女性


自古紅顏多薄命

ㄗˋ ㄍㄨˇ ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄧㄢˊ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄅㄛˊ ㄇㄧㄥˋ

цзыгу хунъянь до бомин

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ xʊŋ³⁵ jɛn³⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ miŋ⁵¹/

From ancient times, many with a rosy countenance have been ill-fated.

since ancient times, beautiful women have often been ill-fated


西施

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/

/sai⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/

/sai⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/


大哥

→ Peranakan Indonesian: twako

/taːi̯²² kɔː⁵⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² ko³³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ ko⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ kɤ⁴⁴/

/taːi̯²² kɔː⁵⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² ko³³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ ko⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ kɤ⁴⁴/

a term of address for a close friend of the same age or older

(colloquial) male leader (especially of a gang); boss


佳麗

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

/kaːi̯⁵⁵ lɐi̯²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² le²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² le²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ le³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ le³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

/kaːi̯⁵⁵ lɐi̯²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² le²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² le²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ le³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ le³³/

(literary) babe; beauty; belle; beauty queen


妓女

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kei̯²² nɵy̯¹³/

/ki²⁴²⁻⁵³ nˡy³³/

/ki⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² lu⁵³/

/ki³³ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ki⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/ki³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/

/ki³³⁻¹¹ lu⁵³/

/ki³⁵⁻¹¹ nɯŋ⁵²/

/t͡ɕi³³ n̠ʲy⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kei̯²² nɵy̯¹³/

/ki²⁴²⁻⁵³ nˡy³³/

/ki⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² lu⁵³/

/ki³³ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ki⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/ki³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/

/ki³³⁻¹¹ lu⁵³/

/ki³⁵⁻¹¹ nɯŋ⁵²/

/t͡ɕi³³ n̠ʲy⁴⁴/


社會

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/ʂə⁴⁴ xuɛi⁴⁴/

/sɛː¹³ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³⁵ fi⁵³/

/sia²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ui²⁴²/

/ɬia²¹⁻⁴² ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uei²¹/

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/ʂə⁴⁴ xuɛi⁴⁴/

/sɛː¹³ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³⁵ fi⁵³/

/sia²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ui²⁴²/

/ɬia²¹⁻⁴² ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uei²¹/

理想社會

理想社会

社會秩序

社会秩序

社會名人

社会名人

回饋社會

回馈社会

改造社會

改造社会

服務社會

服务社会

推動社會發展

推动社会发展

社會經濟發展

社会经济发展

半殖民地半封建社會

半殖民地半封建社会

Knowledge does not come from schooling alone. Society is a kind of university.

Zhīshí bù yīdìng wánquán láizì yú xuéxiào de jiàoyù, shèhuì yě shì ge dàxué ma.

知識不一定完全來自於學校的教育，社會也是個大學嘛。

知识不一定完全来自于学校的教育，社会也是个大学嘛。

society (aggregate of people living together); community


武俠

Sino-Xenic (武俠):
* → Japanese: 武侠(ぶきょう) (bukyō)
* → Korean: 무협(武俠) (muhyeop)
* → Vietnamese: võ hiệp (武俠)

→ English: wuxia

→ Russian: уся́ (usjá)

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiap̚³²/

/bu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiap̚⁵/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiap̚³²/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiap̚³²/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiap̚³²/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiap̚³²/

/bu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiap̚⁵/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiap̚³²/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiap̚³²/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiap̚³²/


紅粉佳人

ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄈㄣˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄖㄣˊ

хунфэньцзяжэнь

/xʊŋ³⁵ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ fɐn³⁵ kaːi̯⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/xʊŋ³⁵ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ fɐn³⁵ kaːi̯⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/


丈夫

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴ fou²⁴/

/t͡sœːŋ²² fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ fu²⁴/

/touŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muo⁵⁵/

/tuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋu⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²² hu³³/

/tiaŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiõ³³⁴ pũ³³⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hu³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴ fou²⁴/

/t͡sœːŋ²² fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ fu²⁴/

/touŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muo⁵⁵/

/tuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋu⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²² hu³³/

/tiaŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiõ³³⁴ pũ³³⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hu³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ²² fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ fu²⁴/

/tuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋu⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²² hu³³/

/tiaŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²¹ pɔ³³/

/ta⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/ta⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² peu⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²³ pou³³/

/ta⁵²⁻³⁵ pou³³/

/touŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muo⁵⁵/

/ta³³⁻²¹ pɔ³³/

/ta⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/ta⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² peu⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²³ pou³³/

/ta⁵²⁻³⁵ pou³³/

唐晡
唐餔
唐晡
大夫
查埔
查甫
乾埔
查夫
諸夫
打埠
禾埠

Unto the woman he said, I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception; in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he [thy husband] shall rule over thee.

新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 創世記 (Genesis) 3:16

Yòu duì nǚrén shuō: wǒ bì duōduō jiāzēng nǐ huáitāi de kǔchǔ; nǐ shēngchǎn érnǚ bì duō shòu kǔchǔ. Nǐ bì liànmù nǐ zhàngfu; nǐ zhàngfu bì guǎnxiá nǐ.

又對女人說：我必多多加增你懷胎的苦楚；你生產兒女必多受苦楚。你必戀慕你丈夫；你丈夫必管轄你。

又对女人说：我必多多加增你怀胎的苦楚；你生产儿女必多受苦楚。你必恋慕你丈夫；你丈夫必管辖你。


丈夫

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴ fou²⁴/

/t͡sœːŋ²² fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ fu²⁴/

/touŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muo⁵⁵/

/tuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋu⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²² hu³³/

/tiaŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiõ³³⁴ pũ³³⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hu³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴ fou²⁴/

/t͡sœːŋ²² fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ fu²⁴/

/touŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muo⁵⁵/

/tuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋu⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²² hu³³/

/tiaŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiõ³³⁴ pũ³³⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hu³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ²² fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ fu²⁴/

/tuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋu⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²² hu³³/

/tiaŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²¹ pɔ³³/

/ta⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/ta⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² peu⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²³ pou³³/

/ta⁵²⁻³⁵ pou³³/

/touŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muo⁵⁵/

/ta³³⁻²¹ pɔ³³/

/ta⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/ta⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² peu⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²³ pou³³/

/ta⁵²⁻³⁵ pou³³/

唐晡
唐餔
唐晡
大夫
查埔
查甫
乾埔
查夫
諸夫
打埠
禾埠

A man is capped at the age of twenty, after which he becomes an adult man. He marries at the age of thirty.

Commentary of Guliang, circa 206 BCE– 9 CE

Nánzǐ èrshí ér guàn, guàn ér liè zhàngfū, sānshí ér qǔ.

男子二十而冠，冠而列丈夫，三十而娶。


丈夫

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴ fou²⁴/

/t͡sœːŋ²² fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ fu²⁴/

/touŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muo⁵⁵/

/tuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋu⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²² hu³³/

/tiaŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiõ³³⁴ pũ³³⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hu³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴ fou²⁴/

/t͡sœːŋ²² fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ fu²⁴/

/touŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muo⁵⁵/

/tuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋu⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²² hu³³/

/tiaŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiõ³³⁴ pũ³³⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hu³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ²² fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ fu²⁴/

/tuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋu⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²² hu³³/

/tiaŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²¹ pɔ³³/

/ta⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/ta⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² peu⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²³ pou³³/

/ta⁵²⁻³⁵ pou³³/

/touŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muo⁵⁵/

/ta³³⁻²¹ pɔ³³/

/ta⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/ta⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² peu⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²³ pou³³/

/ta⁵²⁻³⁵ pou³³/

唐晡
唐餔
唐晡
大夫
查埔
查甫
乾埔
查夫
諸夫
打埠
禾埠

(Northern Min, Ningde Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min) man; (adult) male


徐娘半老

ㄒㄩˊ ㄋㄧㄤˊ ㄅㄢˋ ㄌㄠˇ

сюйнянбаньлао

/ɕy³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵ pän⁵¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ nœːŋ²¹ puːn³³ lou̯¹³/

/ɕy³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵ pän⁵¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ nœːŋ²¹ puːn³³ lou̯¹³/


外祖母

/waɪ̯⁵¹ t͡su²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋɔːi̯²² t͡sou̯³⁵ mou̯¹³/

/ɡua⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bio⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bu⁵³/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bo⁵³/

/ŋa²² t͡su⁵⁵ mu²¹/

/waɪ̯⁵¹ t͡su²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋɔːi̯²² t͡sou̯³⁵ mou̯¹³/

/ɡua⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bio⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bu⁵³/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bo⁵³/

/ŋa²² t͡su⁵⁵ mu²¹/

maternal grandmother
maternal grandmother


胎位不正

ㄊㄞ ㄨㄟˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄓㄥˋ

tāiwèi bùzhèng [Phonetic:tāiwèi búzhèng]

тайвэй бучжэн

/tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵ wɐi̯²² pɐt̚⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵ pɐt̚⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵ wɐi̯²² pɐt̚⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵ pɐt̚⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

(obstetrics) to have fetal malposition or malpresentation


胎盤

/tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰän³⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰɑɻ³⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵ pʰuːn²¹/

/tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵ pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰai¹¹ pæ̃¹¹/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻²² puã²⁴/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻²² puã¹³/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ puã²⁴/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ puã²³/

/tʰo³³⁻²³ pũã⁵⁵/

/tʰai̯³³ põ¹³/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰän³⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰɑɻ³⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵ pʰuːn²¹/

/tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵ pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰai¹¹ pæ̃¹¹/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻²² puã²⁴/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻²² puã¹³/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ puã²⁴/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ puã²³/

/tʰo³³⁻²³ pũã⁵⁵/

/tʰai̯³³ põ¹³/


臍帶

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ tɑɻ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ taːi̯³³⁻³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ tɑɻ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ taːi̯³³⁻³⁵/

剪臍帶／剪脐带


羊水

/jɑŋ³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jœːŋ²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/iũ²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵³/

/iũ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/iũ²³⁻³³ t͡sui⁴¹/

/iũ²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/iɔ̃¹³⁻²² t͡sui⁵³/

/jɑŋ³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jœːŋ²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/iũ²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵³/

/iũ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/iũ²³⁻³³ t͡sui⁴¹/

/iũ²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/iɔ̃¹³⁻²² t͡sui⁵³/

我太太羊水破了。


妊娠紋

жэньшэньвэнь

žɛnʹšɛnʹvɛnʹ

/ʐən⁵¹ ʂən⁵⁵ wən³⁵/

жэньшэньвэньр

žɛnʹšɛnʹvɛnʹr

/ʐən⁵¹ ʂən⁵⁵ wəɻ³⁵/

/jɐm²² sɐn⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

/jɐm²¹ sɐn⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

/ʐən⁵¹ ʂən⁵⁵ wən³⁵/

/ʐən⁵¹ ʂən⁵⁵ wəɻ³⁵/

/jɐm²² sɐn⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

/jɐm²¹ sɐn⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

(obstetrics) stretch marks (due to pregnancy)


主婦

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵¹/

/t͡syː³⁵ fuː¹³/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hu³³/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hu³³/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hu²²/

/t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hu²²/

/t͡su⁵²⁻³⁵ hu³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵¹/

/t͡syː³⁵ fuː¹³/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hu³³/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hu³³/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hu²²/

/t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hu²²/

/t͡su⁵²⁻³⁵ hu³⁵/


男色

/nän³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/lam²³⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪk̚³²/

/nän³⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/lam²³⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪk̚³²/

The Fujianese take male-male eroticism very seriously. Regardless of his social standing, each man bonds with another man of his own social class; the older one is known as the "sworn older brother" and the younger one is known as the "sworn younger brother".

Mǐn rén kù zhòng nánsè, wúlùn guì jiàn yán chī, gè yǐ qí lèi xiàngjié: cháng zhě wèi qìxiōng, shào zhě wèi qìdì.

閩人酷重男色，無論貴賤妍媸，各以其類相結：長者為契兄，少者為契弟。

闽人酷重男色，无论贵贱妍媸，各以其类相结：长者为契兄，少者为契弟。

Or do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived; neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor homosexuals, nor thieves, nor the covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor swindlers, will inherit the kingdom of God.

新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 哥林多前書 (1 Corinthians) 6:9–10

Nǐmen qǐ bùzhī bùyì de rén bùnéng chéngshòu Shén de guó ma? Bùyào zìqī! Wúlùn shì yínluàn de, bài ǒuxiàng de, jiānyín de, zuò luántóng de, qīn nánsè de, tōuqiè de, tānlán de, zuìjiǔ de, rǔmà de, lèsuǒ de, dōu bùnéng chéngshòu Shén de guó.

你們豈不知不義的人不能承受神的國嗎？不要自欺！無論是淫亂的、拜偶像的、姦淫的、作孌童的、親男色的、偷竊的、貪婪的、醉酒的、辱罵的、勒索的，都不能承受神的國。

你们岂不知不义的人不能承受神的国吗？不要自欺！无论是淫乱的、拜偶像的、奸淫的、作娈童的、亲男色的、偷窃的、贪婪的、醉酒的、辱骂的、勒索的，都不能承受神的国。

(literary) male homosexuality; male homosexual sex


男妾

/nän³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/


乙女

/i²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/i²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 乙(おと)女(め) (otome).

(neologism, slang, ACG) maiden; virgin; pure girl


傾國

Sino-Xenic (傾國):
* → Japanese: 傾国(けいこく) (keikoku)
* → Korean: 경국(傾國) (gyeongguk)

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/kʰɪŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/kʰɪŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

For the figurative senses, see 傾國傾城／倾国倾城 (qīngguóqīngchéng).

A Han emperor [i.e. Emperor Wu of Han] placed a premium on his dalliances, and longed for a beauty able to topple his empire;
Despite many years of reign he could not fulfil his desire.

806 CE Bai Juyi, Song of Everlasting Regret

Hàn huáng zhòng sè sī qīngguó, yùyǔ duōnián qiú bùdé.

漢皇重色思傾國，御宇多年求不得。

汉皇重色思倾国，御宇多年求不得。

(literary, figurative) drop-dead gorgeous woman; beauty who could drive a man to distraction (and bring about the downfall of an empire)


媽媽

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mä³⁵/

/maː⁵⁵⁻²¹ maː⁵⁵/

/maː⁵⁵ maː⁵⁵/

/ma¹¹ ma¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/mã⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁴⁴/

/mã⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴⁴/

/mã²⁴⁻²² mã²⁴/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mä³⁵/

/maː⁵⁵⁻²¹ maː⁵⁵/

/maː⁵⁵ maː⁵⁵/

/ma¹¹ ma¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/mã⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁴⁴/

/mã⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴⁴/

/mã²⁴⁻²² mã²⁴/

妈妈
馬麻
妈妈
嫲嫲
妈妈

遵守媽媽的叮嚀

遵守妈妈的叮咛

媽媽的味道

妈妈的味道

媽媽總是向著妹妹。

妈妈总是向着妹妹。

You are such a naughty kid. It'd be surprising if your mum were not worried.

你這麼淘氣，媽媽不擔心才怪！

你这么淘气，妈妈不担心才怪！

我一輩子都被媽媽監視。

我一辈子都被妈妈监视。

(ACG, figurative) character designer (female)


媽媽

妈妈
馬麻
妈妈
嫲嫲
妈妈

(Northern Min, Ninghua Hakka, dialectal Wu, Fuliang Huizhou) paternal grandmother


媽媽

妈妈
馬麻
妈妈
嫲嫲
妈妈

(Northern Min) mother-in-law (husband's mother)


佳人

Sino-Xenic (佳人):
* → Japanese: 佳(か)人(じん) (kajin)
* → Korean: 가인(佳人) (gain)
* → Vietnamese: giai nhân (佳人)

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/kaːi̯⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ zin²³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ lin²⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zin¹³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/kaːi̯⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ zin²³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ lin²⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zin¹³/


酒色

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤ⁵¹/

alcohol and beautiful women; drinking and womanizing


辣妹

/lä⁵¹⁻⁵³ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/laːt̚² muːi̯²²⁻⁵⁵/

/lä⁵¹⁻⁵³ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/laːt̚² muːi̯²²⁻⁵⁵/

(specifically) gyaru (a kind of subculture originated from Japan, or describing females of this fashion style)


聲色

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/


嫫母

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Originally, the name of the fourth concubine of the Yellow Emperor. She was known for being really ugly.


潑婦

/pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/

/pʰuːt̚³ fuː¹³/

/pʰuat̚³²⁻⁴ hu³³/

/pʰuat̚³²⁻⁵ hu²²/

/pʰuat̚³²⁻⁴ hu²²/

/pʰuat̚⁵⁻²⁴ hu²²/

/pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/

/pʰuːt̚³ fuː¹³/

/pʰuat̚³²⁻⁴ hu³³/

/pʰuat̚³²⁻⁵ hu²²/

/pʰuat̚³²⁻⁴ hu²²/

/pʰuat̚⁵⁻²⁴ hu²²/

(offensive) shrew; virago; vixen; bitch; dragon (unpleasant woman)


女子

/ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɵy̯¹³ t͡siː³⁵/

/ŋ̍³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɵy̯¹³ t͡siː³⁵/

/ŋ̍³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

畫中女子／画中女子

女子籃球／女子篮球

(formal) woman; female (Classifier: 名 m; 個／个 m)


夫人

Sino-Xenic (夫人):
* → Japanese: 夫人(ふじん) (fujin)
* → Korean: 부인(夫人) (bu'in)
* → Vietnamese: phu nhân (夫人)

→ Thai: ฮูหยิน (huu-yǐn)

→ Manchu: ᡶᡠᠵᡳᠨ (fujin)

→ Chinese: 福晉 /福晋 (fújìn)

/fu⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/fuː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/fuː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/hu⁴⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

/hu⁴⁴⁻³³ lin²⁴/

/hu⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zin¹³/

/hu⁴⁴⁻³³ zin²³/

/hu³³⁻²³ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/

/fu⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/fuː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/fuː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/hu⁴⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

/hu⁴⁴⁻³³ lin²⁴/

/hu⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zin¹³/

/hu⁴⁴⁻³³ zin²³/

/hu³³⁻²³ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/

王夫人來了。

王夫人来了。

戴卓爾夫人

戴卓尔夫人

(polite) lady; madam; Mrs. (Classifier: 位)


公共汽車

desc

ཀུང་ཀུང་ཆིའི་ཁྲེ

Tibetan: ཀུང་ཀུང་ཆིའི་ཁྲེ (kung kung chi'i khre)

ㄍㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄑㄧˋ ㄔㄜ

ㄍㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄑㄧˋ ㄔㄜ

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

ㄍㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄑㄧˋ ㄔㄜㄦ

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤɻ⁵⁵/

/koŋ⁵⁵ koŋ²¹³ t͡ɕʰi²¹³ t͡sʰɛ⁵⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴ kuŋ⁴⁴ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰə²⁴/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ²² hei̯³³ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵ hi⁵⁵ t͡sʰa²⁴/

/kʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kʊŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ hi⁵³ t͡sʰa⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² kʰi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sʰia³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/koŋ⁵⁵ ɡoŋ³³ t͡ɕʰi³³ t͡sʰo²¹/

/kʊŋ³³ kʊŋ⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ̞³³/

/kən³³ kən⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵ t͡sʰɤ̞³³/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤɻ⁵⁵/

/koŋ⁵⁵ koŋ²¹³ t͡ɕʰi²¹³ t͡sʰɛ⁵⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴ kuŋ⁴⁴ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰə²⁴/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ²² hei̯³³ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵ hi⁵⁵ t͡sʰa²⁴/

/kʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kʊŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ hi⁵³ t͡sʰa⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² kʰi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sʰia³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/koŋ⁵⁵ ɡoŋ³³ t͡ɕʰi³³ t͡sʰo²¹/

/kʊŋ³³ kʊŋ⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ̞³³/

/kən³³ kən⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵ t͡sʰɤ̞³³/

(chiefly Mandarin) public bus (Classifier: 輛／辆 m; 架 c)


弟子

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (弟子):
* → Japanese: 弟子(でし) (deshi)
* → Korean: 제자(弟子) (jeja)
* → Vietnamese: đệ tử (弟子)

/ti⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɐi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/te³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/te³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/te²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁵³/

/te²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ti³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/ti⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɐi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/te³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/te³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/te²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁵³/

/te²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ti³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

The Master said: "How dare I presume to be sagely and humane? I merely strive to become such without being disappointed, to teach people without being tired; this much can be said of me." Gongxi Hua said: "This is just what (we) disciples and pupils cannot learn to."

The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE

Zǐyuē: “Ruò shèng yǔ rén, zé wú qǐ gǎn? Yì wèi zhī bùyàn, huì rén bùjuàn, zé kě wèi yún ěr yǐ yǐ.” Gōngxī huá yuē: “Zhèng wéi dìzǐ bùnéng xué yě.”

子曰：「若聖與仁，則吾豈敢？抑為之不厭，誨人不倦，則可謂云爾已矣。」公西華曰：「正唯弟子不能學也。」

子曰：「若圣与仁，则吾岂敢？抑为之不厌，诲人不倦，则可谓云尔已矣。」公西华曰：「正唯弟子不能学也。」


女兒

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/nɵy̯¹³ jiː²¹/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li²⁴/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²⁴/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li²⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zi¹³/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zi²³/

/n̠ʲy²² ɦəl⁴⁴/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/nɵy̯¹³ jiː²¹/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li²⁴/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²⁴/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li²⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zi¹³/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zi²³/

/n̠ʲy²² ɦəl⁴⁴/


文化

/wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/vəŋ²⁴ xua⁵¹/

/mɐn²¹ faː³³/

/uŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/

/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/

/wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/vəŋ²⁴ xua⁵¹/

/mɐn²¹ faː³³/

/uŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/

/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/

The modern Chinese term is an Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 文化(ぶんか) (bunka, “culture”), which is a direct translation of the German word Kultur.
In its classical form, the term can be interpreted as 文教 (wénjiào, “humanistic education”) + 化育 (huàyù, “transformational development”). Often cited are the following examples:
先秦, 《周易·賁卦彖傳》:
觀於天文、以察時變、觀乎人文、以化成天下
We observe the patterns of the skies in order to inspect seasonal changes. We observe the patterns of human behavior in order to transform and actualize all under Heaven.
南朝劉宋, 范曄, 《後漢書·荀淑傳》:
宣文教以章其化、立武備以秉其威。
Spread humanistic education in order to manifest its transformative potential. Establish military capabilities in order to have a grasp on (its) power.
Humanistic education, based on the tradition of rites and propriety 禮教 /礼教 (lǐjiào) have the transformative potential to actualize all under Heaven 人文化成. This is often juxtaposed or contrasted with the use of punishment 刑 (xíng) or military might 武 (wǔ) to establish power and control over a populace, as can be seen in the quote below:
南北朝, 齊王融, 〈從武帝琅邪城講武應詔詩〉, quoted in 《藝文類聚》卷五十九 ，武部，戰伐:
早逢文化洽，復屬武功宣
Having reached an ideal state of (governance by the means of) transformative education at an early stage, we can now focus on the establishment of military power (in the region).
文化 over here is synonymous with 文治 (wénzhì, “governance by means of culture, education, rites and music”). This is not the same as culture in the modern sense of the term.
It is within this classical context that the Japanese first coined the term 文化(ぶんか) (bunka) to name an era during the Edo period.
When used to translate Kultur during the Meiji restoration, 文化(ぶんか) (bunka) is possibly a contraction of 文明開化(ぶんめいかいか) (bunmeikaika, “to open up and transform through civilization”), which takes the meaning of a civilizing agent i.e. Culture.

quote-book

《周易·賁卦彖傳》

觀於天文、以察時變、觀乎人文、以化成天下

《後漢書·荀淑傳》

宣文教以章其化、立武備以秉其威。

〈從武帝琅邪城講武應詔詩〉

早逢文化洽，復屬武功宣

《藝文類聚》卷五十九 ，武部，戰伐

ja-r

龍山文化

龙山文化

archaeological culture
archaeological culture

(archaeology, countable) archaeological culture (recurring assemblage of artifacts from a specific time and place that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society)


妻子

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡sʰi²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sʰe³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰi³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡sʰi²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sʰe³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰi³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

He has a wife and two young children to provide for.

Tā yǒu yī ge qīzi hé liǎng ge háizi yào yǎnghuó.

他有一個妻子和兩個孩子要養活。

他有一个妻子和两个孩子要养活。

結髮為妻子，席不暖君床。

结发为妻子，席不暖君床。


母親

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/

/mu²¹⁴ t͡ɕʰin⁴/

/mu⁵³ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/

/mou⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ²⁴/

/mou̯¹³ t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵/

/mu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰin²⁴/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/biɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰin³³/

/bo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bo⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰiŋ³³/

/mu²² t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴/

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/

/mu²¹⁴ t͡ɕʰin⁴/

/mu⁵³ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/

/mou⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ²⁴/

/mou̯¹³ t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵/

/mu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰin²⁴/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/biɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰin³³/

/bo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰin⁴⁴/

/bo⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰiŋ³³/

/mu²² t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴/


力士

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/lɪk̚² siː²²/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² su³³/

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/lɪk̚² siː²²/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² su³³/


小妹

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ muːi̯²²/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ be⁴¹/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be²²/

/sio⁴²⁻²⁴ be²²/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be³³/

/sio⁴²⁻²⁴ bə²²/

/sio⁵³⁻²⁴ bə²²/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bə⁴¹/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mãi²²/

/siɤ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ muãi³³/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ muãi²²/

/sio⁵³⁻⁵⁵ muẽ³³/

/siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ muẽ³³/

/sio⁵⁵⁻³⁵ bə³³/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ muːi̯²²/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ be⁴¹/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be²²/

/sio⁴²⁻²⁴ be²²/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be³³/

/sio⁴²⁻²⁴ bə²²/

/sio⁵³⁻²⁴ bə²²/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bə⁴¹/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mãi²²/

/siɤ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ muãi³³/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ muãi²²/

/sio⁵³⁻⁵⁵ muẽ³³/

/siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ muẽ³³/

/sio⁵⁵⁻³⁵ bə³³/

(Yangjiang Yue, Hokkien, Xianyou Puxian Min, dialectal Wu) younger sister


生產

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/səŋ²⁴ t͡sʰæ̃⁵¹/

/sɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰaːn³⁵/

/ɬɛŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ɬaŋ⁴⁵³/

/ɬɛŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ɬaŋ³³²/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁵³/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁵³/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴¹/

/sŋ̍³³ san⁵⁵⁴/

/sẽ³³⁻²³ sũã⁵²/

/sən⁵⁵ t͡sʰe²¹/

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/səŋ²⁴ t͡sʰæ̃⁵¹/

/sɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰaːn³⁵/

/ɬɛŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ɬaŋ⁴⁵³/

/ɬɛŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ɬaŋ³³²/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁵³/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁵³/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴¹/

/sŋ̍³³ san⁵⁵⁴/

/sẽ³³⁻²³ sũã⁵²/

/sən⁵⁵ t͡sʰe²¹/


老婆

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ pʰu̯ɔ⁴/

/lou̯¹³ pʰɔː²¹/

/lau⁵⁵ pʰᵘɔ²¹/

/lau²¹³⁻²¹ pʰo¹/

/lau⁵³ pʰɤ¹¹/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ pʰo⁵³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ po²⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ po¹³/

/lau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ po²⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰo⁵³/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰɤ⁴¹/

/lo²¹⁻²¹³ pʰo¹¹/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ pʰua⁵⁵/

/lɔ²² ⁵⁵ bu²¹/

/lɑʊ̯³³ b̥o¹¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ pʰu̯ɔ⁴/

/lou̯¹³ pʰɔː²¹/

/lau⁵⁵ pʰᵘɔ²¹/

/lau²¹³⁻²¹ pʰo¹/

/lau⁵³ pʰɤ¹¹/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ pʰo⁵³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ po²⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ po¹³/

/lau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ po²⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰo⁵³/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰɤ⁴¹/

/lo²¹⁻²¹³ pʰo¹¹/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ pʰua⁵⁵/

/lɔ²² ⁵⁵ bu²¹/

/lɑʊ̯³³ b̥o¹¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔɻ³⁵/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ po⁵³/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ po²⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ pɤ²³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ po¹³/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔɻ³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ pʰɔː²¹/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ po⁵³/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ po²⁴/

/lau²²⁻²¹ po²⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ pɤ²³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ po¹³/

老婆仔女 [Cantonese] ― lou⁵ po⁴ zai² neoi⁵⁻² [Jyutping] ― wife and children

娶老婆

我給我老婆一個飛吻。

我给我老婆一个飞吻。


老婆

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ pʰu̯ɔ⁴/

/lou̯¹³ pʰɔː²¹/

/lau⁵⁵ pʰᵘɔ²¹/

/lau²¹³⁻²¹ pʰo¹/

/lau⁵³ pʰɤ¹¹/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ pʰo⁵³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ po²⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ po¹³/

/lau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ po²⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰo⁵³/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰɤ⁴¹/

/lo²¹⁻²¹³ pʰo¹¹/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ pʰua⁵⁵/

/lɔ²² ⁵⁵ bu²¹/

/lɑʊ̯³³ b̥o¹¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ pʰu̯ɔ⁴/

/lou̯¹³ pʰɔː²¹/

/lau⁵⁵ pʰᵘɔ²¹/

/lau²¹³⁻²¹ pʰo¹/

/lau⁵³ pʰɤ¹¹/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ pʰo⁵³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ po²⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ po¹³/

/lau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ po²⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰo⁵³/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pʰɤ⁴¹/

/lo²¹⁻²¹³ pʰo¹¹/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ pʰua⁵⁵/

/lɔ²² ⁵⁵ bu²¹/

/lɑʊ̯³³ b̥o¹¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔɻ³⁵/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ po⁵³/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ po²⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ pɤ²³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ po¹³/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔɻ³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ pʰɔː²¹/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ po⁵³/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ po²⁴/

/lau²²⁻²¹ po²⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ pɤ²³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ po¹³/


胎兒

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (胎兒):
* → Japanese: 胎(たい)児(じ) (taiji)
* → Korean: 태아(胎兒) (taea)
* → Vietnamese: thai nhi (胎兒)

/tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵ jiː²¹/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻²² li²⁴/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ li²⁴/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zi¹³/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ zi²³/

/tʰe⁴⁴⁻³³ zi²³/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵ jiː²¹/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻²² li²⁴/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ li²⁴/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zi¹³/

/tʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ zi²³/

/tʰe⁴⁴⁻³³ zi²³/


男朋友

/nän³⁵ pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯³/

/nän³⁵ pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːm²¹ pʰɐŋ²¹ jɐu̯¹³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iu⁵³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iu⁵⁵⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² piɪŋ¹³⁻²² iu⁵³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iu⁵³/

/lam²³⁻³³ piɪŋ²³⁻³³ iu⁴¹/

/lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iu⁵²/

/nø²² bã⁵⁵ ɦiɤ²¹/

/nän³⁵ pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯³/

/nän³⁵ pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːm²¹ pʰɐŋ²¹ jɐu̯¹³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iu⁵³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iu⁵⁵⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² piɪŋ¹³⁻²² iu⁵³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iu⁵³/

/lam²³⁻³³ piɪŋ²³⁻³³ iu⁴¹/

/lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iu⁵²/

/nø²² bã⁵⁵ ɦiɤ²¹/

我男朋友真的是太棒啦。


女朋友

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯³/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɵy̯¹³ pʰɐŋ²¹ jɐu̯¹³/

/ŋ̍³¹ pʰen¹¹ i̯u²⁴/

/ŋ̍³¹ pʰen¹¹ (j)i̯u²⁴/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iu⁵³/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iu⁵⁵⁴/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɪŋ¹³⁻²² iu⁵³/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iu⁵³/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ piɪŋ²³⁻³³ iu⁴¹/

/nɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iu⁵²/

/n̠ʲy²² bã⁵⁵ ɦiɤ²¹/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯³/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɵy̯¹³ pʰɐŋ²¹ jɐu̯¹³/

/ŋ̍³¹ pʰen¹¹ i̯u²⁴/

/ŋ̍³¹ pʰen¹¹ (j)i̯u²⁴/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iu⁵³/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iu⁵⁵⁴/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɪŋ¹³⁻²² iu⁵³/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iu⁵³/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ piɪŋ²³⁻³³ iu⁴¹/

/nɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iu⁵²/

/n̠ʲy²² bã⁵⁵ ɦiɤ²¹/

Most likely a calque of English girlfriend.

My girlfriend doesn't like me being overweight.

我女朋友嫌棄我胖。

我女朋友嫌弃我胖。

做我的女朋友啦乎！


玄孫

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ su̯ən⁵⁵/

/ˈɕyɵn³⁵ sun⁴²/

/hiɛn¹³⁻²² sun⁴⁴/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² sun³³/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² sun⁴⁴/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ sun⁴⁴/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² sun⁴⁴/

/ɡuan²³⁻³³ sun⁴⁴/

/hiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ suŋ³³/

/ɦi²² sən⁴⁴/

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ su̯ən⁵⁵/

/ˈɕyɵn³⁵ sun⁴²/

/hiɛn¹³⁻²² sun⁴⁴/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² sun³³/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² sun⁴⁴/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ sun⁴⁴/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² sun⁴⁴/

/ɡuan²³⁻³³ sun⁴⁴/

/hiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ suŋ³³/

/ɦi²² sən⁴⁴/

† - distinguishes male gender from gender-neutral term

great-great-grandson (in a male lineage)


美人

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐəɻ³⁵/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lin²⁴/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lin²⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zin¹³/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zin²³/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐəɻ³⁵/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lin²⁴/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lin²⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zin¹³/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zin²³/

King Zhuang of Chu threw a banquet for a bunch of his ministers. As nightfall approached, many of them became tipsy. At one point, the candles blew out, and someone took advantage of the darkness to grab at the queen’s garments. The queen caught hold of the cord which held the person's headpiece in place, yanked it off, then said to the king, "After the candles blew out, someone grabbed at my clothes. I yanked off the cord which holds his headpiece in place. Bring over a candle so that I can see who is missing a cord for their headpiece."

c. 77 B.C.E., 劉向 (Liu Xiang), 《說苑》 (Garden of Stories), chapter 6

Chǔ Zhuāngwáng cì qúnchén jiǔ, rìmù jiǔhān, dēngzhú miè, nǎi yǒurén yǐn měirén zhī yī zhě, měirén yuán jué qí guānyīng, gào wáng yuē: “Jīn zhě zhú miè, yǒu yǐn qiè yī zhě, qiè yuán dé qí guānyīng chí zhī, qù huǒ lái shàng, shì juéyīng zhě.”

楚莊王賜群臣酒，日暮酒酣，燈燭滅，乃有人引美人之衣者，美人援絕其冠纓，告王曰：「今者燭滅，有引妾衣者，妾援得其冠纓持之，趣火來上，視絕纓者。」

楚庄王赐群臣酒，日暮酒酣，灯烛灭，乃有人引美人之衣者，美人援绝其冠缨，告王曰：「今者烛灭，有引妾衣者，妾援得其冠缨持之，趣火来上，视绝缨者。」


國舅

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ kʰɐu̯¹³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵⁴ ku²²/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ kʰɐu̯¹³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵⁴ ku²²/

(historical) brother of the emperor's wife or consort


鄉里

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/

/hi̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ li²⁴/

/hiũ⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/hiũ³³ li⁵⁵⁴/

/hiũ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/hiũ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

/hiɔ̃⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/hĩẽ³³⁻²³ li⁵²/

/hĩõ³³⁻²³ li⁵²/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/

/hi̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ li²⁴/

/hiũ⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/hiũ³³ li⁵⁵⁴/

/hiũ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/hiũ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

/hiɔ̃⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/hĩẽ³³⁻²³ li⁵²/

/hĩõ³³⁻²³ li⁵²/

(Southern Min) village (Classifier: 個／个 mn)


兄長

/ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁵³/

/hiɪŋ³³ tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁵³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴¹/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiaŋ⁵³/

/hiã⁴⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵³/

/hiã³³ tiũ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ³⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁵³/

/hiɪŋ³³ tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁵³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴¹/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tiaŋ⁵³/

/hiã⁴⁴⁻²² tiũ⁵³/

/hiã³³ tiũ⁵⁵⁴/

(literary) term of respect for a male peer


皇后

ja-r

皇后(こうごう) (kōgō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (皇后):
* → Japanese: 皇后(こうごう) (kōgō)
* → Korean: 황후(皇后) (hwanghu)
* → Vietnamese: hoàng hậu (皇后)

→ Manchu: ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡥᡝᠣ (hūwangheo)

→ Thai: ฮองเฮา (hɔng-hao)

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ hɐu̯²²/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔ²²/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔ³³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ³³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hio²²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hio³³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hiɤ³³/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hou³⁵/

/*ɡʷaːŋ ɡoːs/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ hɐu̯²²/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔ²²/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔ³³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ³³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hio²²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hio³³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hiɤ³³/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hou³⁵/

/*ɡʷaːŋ ɡoːs/


太后

Sino-Xenic (太后):
* → Japanese: 太后(たいこう) (taikō)
* → Korean: 태후(太后) (taehu)
* → Vietnamese: thái hậu (太后)

→ Thai: ไทเฮา (tai-hao)

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ hɐu̯²²/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɑu²⁴²/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hio²²/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔ³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔ³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ hɔ²²/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hio³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɤ³³/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ hɐu̯²²/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɑu²⁴²/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hio²²/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔ³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔ³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ hɔ²²/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hio³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɤ³³/

Attested earliest in Stratagems of the Warring States

The Lord of Zhou was going to Qin, and someone spoke to Zhou Zui, saying: "You could do no better than to praise the filial piety of the King of Qin, and take the opportunity to provide land to support the Queen Dowager. The King of Qin and the Queen Dowager will certainly be pleased, and this being so you will gain Qin's support. If relations improve, the Lord of Zhou will attribute the success to you. If they decline, whoever prompted him to go to Qin will certainly be blamed."

Zhanguo Ce, circa 5ᵗʰ – 3ʳᵈ centuries BCE

Zhōujūn zhī qín. Wèi Zhōu Zuì yuē: “Bùrú yù Qínwáng zhī xiào yě, yīn yǐ yìng wèi tàihòu yǎngdì. Qínwáng, tàihòu bì xǐ, shì gōng yǒu Qín yě. Jiāo shàn, Zhōujūn bì yǐwèi gōng gōng; jiāo è, quàn Zhōujūn rù Qín zhě, bì yǒuzuì yǐ.”

周君之秦。謂周最曰：「不如譽秦王之孝也，因以應為太后養地。秦王、太后必喜，是公有秦也。交善，周君必以為公功；交惡，勸周君入秦者，必有罪矣。」

周君之秦。谓周最曰：「不如誉秦王之孝也，因以应为太后养地。秦王、太后必喜，是公有秦也。交善，周君必以为公功；交恶，劝周君入秦者，必有罪矣。」

After the empress dowager of Yongle palace suddenly died, people talked about it with suspicion

Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14ᵗʰ century CE

永樂太后暴崩，眾論惑焉

永乐太后暴崩，众论惑焉

King Zhaoxiang of Qin
Queen Dowager Xuan
Stratagems of the Warring States


娘娘

/ni̯ɑŋ³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³/

/nœːŋ²¹ nœːŋ²¹/

/niɒ̃¹¹ niɒ̃¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/niũ²⁴⁻¹¹ niũ²⁴/

/niũ²⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/niũ²³⁻³³ niũ²³/

/niɔ̃²⁴⁻³³ niɔ̃²⁴/

/n̠ʲiã⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/ni̯ɑŋ³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³/

/nœːŋ²¹ nœːŋ²¹/

/niɒ̃¹¹ niɒ̃¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/niũ²⁴⁻¹¹ niũ²⁴/

/niũ²⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/niũ²³⁻³³ niũ²³/

/niɔ̃²⁴⁻³³ niɔ̃²⁴/

/n̠ʲiã⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/niɒ̃⁴⁵ niɒ̃⁴⁵⁻¹¹/

/niɒ̃⁴⁵ niɒ̃⁴⁵⁻¹¹/

† - father's elder sister; ‡ - father's younger sister; § - married; ≠ - unmarried; ¶ - face-to-face; ∅ - non-face-to-face

(dialectal) father's sister; paternal aunt


才子

/t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/tʰᵘɔi²² tu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoi̯¹¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/t͡sai¹³⁻²¹ t͡so⁴⁵³/

/t͡sai¹³⁻²¹ t͡sɵ³³²/

/t͡sai²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sai¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sai²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sai²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/t͡sai²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/tʰᵘɔi²² tu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoi̯¹¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/t͡sai¹³⁻²¹ t͡so⁴⁵³/

/t͡sai¹³⁻²¹ t͡sɵ³³²/

/t͡sai²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sai¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sai²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sai²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/t͡sai²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/d͡zɛ²² t͡sz̩³⁴/

/d͡zɛ²² t͡sz̩³⁴/

The bread is cold, it will taste good only if you steam it.

饅頭冷的，要蒸才子好吃。

馒头冷的，要蒸才子好吃。


才子佳人

ㄘㄞˊ ㄗˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄖㄣˊ

цайцзы цзяжэнь

/t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵ kaːi̯⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵ kaːi̯⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

a handsome and talented man and a beautiful woman


小姐

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/

/sio⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sia⁵²⁻²¹/

/ɕiɔ³³ t͡ɕia⁴⁴/

/ɕiɔ⁴⁴ t͡ɕi⁵³/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/

/sio⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sia⁵²⁻²¹/

/ɕiɔ³³ t͡ɕia⁴⁴/

/ɕiɔ⁴⁴ t͡ɕi⁵³/


泰山

→ English: Tai Shan

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ saːn⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ san³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ san⁴⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ saːn⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ san³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ san⁴⁴/

死有重於泰山，輕於鴻毛 / 死有重于泰山，轻于鸿毛

sǐ yǒu zhòng yú Tàishān, qīng yú hóngmáo

Mount Tai (a mountain in Shandong, China)


泰山

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ saːn⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ san³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ san⁴⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ saːn⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ san³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ san⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ san⁴⁴/


認同

/ʐən⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/jɪŋ²² tʰʊŋ²¹/

/ŋin⁵⁵ tʰuŋ¹¹/

/lim³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/lim⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/lim²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/zim³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ²³/

/d͡zim²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ¹³/

/d͡ziŋ¹¹ taŋ⁵⁵/

/ʐən⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/jɪŋ²² tʰʊŋ²¹/

/ŋin⁵⁵ tʰuŋ¹¹/

/lim³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/lim⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/lim²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/zim³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ²³/

/d͡zim²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ¹³/

/d͡ziŋ¹¹ taŋ⁵⁵/

(psychology, sociology) identification; identity


巴結

/pä⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɛ²/

/pa⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɛ²¹/

/ˈpa⁴² t͡ɕiɛt̚⁵/

/pa⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iɛʔ²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚³²/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚³²/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²/

/po⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/pä⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɛ²/

/pa⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɛ²¹/

/ˈpa⁴² t͡ɕiɛt̚⁵/

/pa⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iɛʔ²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚³²/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚³²/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²/

/po⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

to kiss up to; to curry favor; to fawn on; to brownnose; to suck up


有機

Sino-Xenic (有機):
* → Japanese: 有機(ゆうき) (yūki)
* → Korean: 유기(有機) (yugi)
* → Vietnamese: hữu cơ (有機)

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/jɐu̯¹³ kei̯⁵⁵/

/iu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴/

/iu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ki³³/

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/jɐu̯¹³ kei̯⁵⁵/

/iu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴/

/iu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ki³³/

(attributive, sociology) organic (describing a form of social solidarity)


性別

Sino-Xenic (性別):
* → Japanese: 性別(せいべつ) (seibetsu)
* → Korean: 성별(性別) (seongbyeol)

→ Bouyei: xinqbief

→ Zhuang: singqbied, singbez

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ piːt̚²/

/siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾miɛʔ²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ piɛt̚⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɛt̚²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ piɛt̚¹²¹/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ piɛt̚⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ piɛt̚⁴/

/sẽ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ piek̚⁴/

/sẽ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ piak̚⁴/

/ɕin³³ biɪʔ⁴⁴/

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ piːt̚²/

/siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾miɛʔ²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ piɛt̚⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɛt̚²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ piɛt̚¹²¹/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ piɛt̚⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ piɛt̚⁴/

/sẽ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ piek̚⁴/

/sẽ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ piak̚⁴/

/ɕin³³ biɪʔ⁴⁴/


先父

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/

(respectful, literary) one's deceased father; my late father; my dearly departed father


義父

Sino-Xenic (義父):
* → Japanese: 義父(ぎふ) (gifu)
* → Korean: 의부(義父) (uibu)
* → Vietnamese: nghĩa phụ (義父)

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/jiː²² fuː²²/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻²² hu²²/

/ɡi³³⁻¹¹ hu³³/

/ɡi³³⁻²¹ hu³³/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ hu²²/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/jiː²² fuː²²/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻²² hu²²/

/ɡi³³⁻¹¹ hu³³/

/ɡi³³⁻²¹ hu³³/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ hu²²/

(literary) godfather; (nominally) adoptive father


皇太后

ja-r

皇太后(こうたいごう) (kōtaigō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (皇太后):
* → Japanese: 皇太后(こうたいごう) (kōtaigō)
* → Korean: 황태후(皇太后) (hwangtaehu)
* → Vietnamese: hoàng thái hậu (皇太后)

→ Khitan: 𘭝𘲈𘰬 (*hoŋ tai heu)

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄊㄞˋ ㄏㄡˋ

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ tʰaːi̯³³ hɐu̯²²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔ³³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔ³³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɤ³³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hio³³/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hou³⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ tʰaːi̯³³ hɐu̯²²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔ³³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔ³³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɤ³³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hio³³/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hou³⁵/

I, on behalf of the people throughout the world, [hereby] express my gratitude for the kindness of the empress dowager!

Núcái tì tiānxià bǎixìng gǎnjī huángtàihòu ēndiǎn!

奴才替天下百姓感激皇太后恩典！


鬼仔

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/ku̯i³¹ e³¹⁻¹¹/

/kui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/kui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a⁵⁵⁴/

/kui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/kui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ a⁴¹/

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/ku̯i³¹ e³¹⁻¹¹/

/kui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/kui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a⁵⁵⁴/

/kui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/kui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ a⁴¹/

It's just like our primary or secondary school classmates who grew up with us in Hong Kong. After immigrating to studying abroad for many years, when they come back, they act like foreigners. If it is not speaking only English, it is putting a few English words into every sentence of Cantonese, or even speaking Cantonese with a whitewashed accent.

naa⁵ zau⁶ zing³ jyu⁴ ngo⁵ mun⁴ zoi⁶ hoeng¹ gong² jat¹ hei² zoeng² daai⁶ dik¹ zung¹ siu² hok⁶ tung⁴ hok⁶, ji⁴ man⁴ waak⁶ lau⁴ hok⁶ ngoi⁶ gwok³ sou³ nin⁴, wui⁴ lau⁴ hau⁶ bin⁶ baan⁶ zok³ gwai² mui⁶⁻¹ gwai² zai², bat¹ si⁶ mun⁵ hau² zi² syut³ jing¹ jyu⁵ bin⁶ si⁶ mui⁵ jat¹ geoi³ gwong² dung¹ waa⁶⁻² jaa⁵ jiu³ gaap³ zaap⁶ jat¹ loeng⁵ go³ jing¹ man⁴⁻² zi⁶, sam⁶ waak⁶ si⁶ syut³ jau⁵ gwai² lou² hau² jam¹ dik¹ gwong² dung¹ waa⁶⁻²!

那就正如我們在香港一起長大的中小學同學，移民或留學外國數年，回流後便扮作鬼妹鬼仔，不是滿口只說英語便是每一句廣東話也要夾雜一兩個英文字，甚或是說有鬼佬口音的廣東話！

那就正如我们在香港一起长大的中小学同学，移民或留学外国数年，回流后便扮作鬼妹鬼仔，不是满口只说英语便是每一句广东话也要夹杂一两个英文字，甚或是说有鬼佬口音的广东话！

(Cantonese, derogatory) male foreigner; Caucasian boy or young male


宮女

ja-r

宮女(きゅうじょ) (kyūjo)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (宮女):
* → Japanese: 宮女(きゅうじょ) (kyūjo)
* → Korean: 궁녀(宮女) (gungnyeo)
* → Vietnamese: cung nữ (宮女)

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ nyə̯ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/ki̯uŋ²⁴ ŋ̍³¹/

/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁴¹/

/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ nyə̯ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/ki̯uŋ²⁴ ŋ̍³¹/

/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁴¹/

/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

/kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

(historical) lady-in-waiting within the palace; palace maid


婦女

Sino-Xenic (婦女):
* → Japanese: 婦(ふ)女(じょ) (fujo)
* → Korean: 부녀(婦女) (bunyeo)
* → Vietnamese: phụ nữ (婦女)

/fu⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fuː¹³ nɵy̯¹³/

/hu²²⁻²¹ lu⁵³/

/hu³³⁻¹¹ lu⁵³/

/hu²² lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/hu²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/hu³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/

/hu³⁵⁻¹¹ nɯŋ⁵²/

/vu²² n̠ʲy⁴⁴/

/vu²² n̠ʲy³³/

/vu²² n̠ʲy¹³/

/fu⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fuː¹³ nɵy̯¹³/

/hu²²⁻²¹ lu⁵³/

/hu³³⁻¹¹ lu⁵³/

/hu²² lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/hu²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/hu³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/

/hu³⁵⁻¹¹ nɯŋ⁵²/

/vu²² n̠ʲy⁴⁴/

/vu²² n̠ʲy³³/

/vu²² n̠ʲy¹³/

尊重婦女

尊重妇女

婦女庇護所

妇女庇护所

育齡婦女

育龄妇女

婦女能頂半邊天

妇女能顶半边天

women who are violently coerced into prostitution

被暴力脅迫賣淫的婦女

被暴力胁迫卖淫的妇女

The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

Pèigōng jū Shāndōng shí, tān yú cáihuò, hǎo měi jī. Jīn rùguān, cáiwù wú suǒ qǔ, fùnǚ wú suǒ xìng, cǐ qí zhì bù zài xiǎo.

沛公居山東時，貪於財貨，好美姬。今入關，財物無所取，婦女無所幸，此其志不在小。

沛公居山东时，贪于财货，好美姬。今入关，财物无所取，妇女无所幸，此其志不在小。

Diàn qián bīngmǎ suī xiāoxióng, zòngbào lüè yǔ Qiāng Hún tóng. Wéndào shārén Hànshuǐ shàng, fùnǚ duō zài guānjūn zhōng.

殿前兵馬雖驍雄，縱暴略與羌渾同。聞道殺人漢水上，婦女多在官軍中。

殿前兵马虽骁雄，纵暴略与羌浑同。闻道杀人汉水上，妇女多在官军中。


偽娘

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋɐi̯²² nœːŋ²¹/

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋɐi̯²² nœːŋ²¹/

(ACG) male who crossdresses as a female; trap; otokonoko


倒霉

/tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯³⁵/

/tau²¹³⁻¹³ mi³⁵/

/to⁵³⁻⁴⁴ muĩ²⁴/

/to⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ muĩ²⁴/

/to⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bue¹³/

/to⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bue²⁴/

/tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯³⁵/

/tau²¹³⁻¹³ mi³⁵/

/to⁵³⁻⁴⁴ muĩ²⁴/

/to⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ muĩ²⁴/

/to⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bue¹³/

/to⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bue²⁴/

(euphemistic, colloquial, of a woman) on one's period


弟兄

/ti⁵¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ¹/

/tɐi̯²² hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰi⁵⁵ hi̯uŋ²⁴/

/ti⁵¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ¹/

/tɐi̯²² hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰi⁵⁵ hi̯uŋ²⁴/

younger brother and elder brother; brothers

別說後來不看見 儻有再相逢的日子 豈不都是好弟兄麽

after 1795, 李洙 (Lǐ Zhū) [Lee Soo] et al., chapter 111, in 重刊老乞大諺解 /重刊老乞大谚解 (Chóngkān Lǎoqǐdà Yànjiě) [Reprinted Nogeoldae, with Korean Interpretation]^(Ogura Coll. Asami Coll.), volume 2, page 134:

Do not say that we will not see [each other] again; if comes the day that we meet again, would not we be good brothers?

벼ᄉᆑᄒᆕ레부칸견 탕ᄋᆛ재샹풍디ᅀᅵ즈 치부두시ᄒᅶ디흉마
bie siuie hyu lei bu kan gien; taq 'iu jai siaq puq di zi jy; ci bu du si hao di hiuq ma
뼈ᇹᄉᆑᇹᅘᅳᇢ래부ᇹ컨견 탕이ᇢ재샹ᄬᅮᆼ디ᇹᅀᅵᇹ즈ᇫ 켸부ᇹ두씨ᇫ하ᇢ뎨ᄒᆔᆼ뭐
bbiex siuiex hhyw lai bux ken gien; taq 'iw jai siaq vvuq dix zix jyz; kiei bux du ssiz haw diei hiuiq mue

2003, 瓊瑤, 還珠格格第三部, episode 25, 官志宏 (actor):

Wǔ Àge, suǒyǒu xīshēng de dìxiong dōu yǐjīng wā hǎo le fénmù.

五阿哥，所有犧牲的弟兄都已經挖好了墳墓。

五阿哥，所有牺牲的弟兄都已经挖好了坟墓。

(as a familiar term of address) brother; buddy; mate; comrade

(religion) brother (Classifier: 位 m c; 個／个 m c)


義母

Sino-Xenic (義母):
* → Japanese: 義母(ぎぼ) (gibo)
* → Korean: 의모(義母) (uimo)
* → Vietnamese: nghĩa mẫu (義母)

/i⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ bo⁵³/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻²² bu⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻²² bo⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ bo⁵³/

/ɡi³³⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/ɡi³³⁻¹¹ bo⁵³/

/ɡi³³⁻²¹ bu⁴¹/

/ɡi³³⁻²¹ bɤ⁴¹/

/i⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ bo⁵³/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻²² bu⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻²² bo⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ bu⁵³/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ bo⁵³/

/ɡi³³⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/ɡi³³⁻¹¹ bo⁵³/

/ɡi³³⁻²¹ bu⁴¹/

/ɡi³³⁻²¹ bɤ⁴¹/

(literary) godmother; (nominally) adoptive mother


匹夫

/pʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵⁵/

/pʰɐt̚⁵ fuː⁵⁵/

/pʰit̚⁵⁻²⁴ hu³³/

/pʰit̚³²⁻⁵ hu⁴⁴/

/pʰit̚³²⁻⁴ hu⁴⁴/

/pʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵⁵/

/pʰɐt̚⁵ fuː⁵⁵/

/pʰit̚⁵⁻²⁴ hu³³/

/pʰit̚³²⁻⁵ hu⁴⁴/

/pʰit̚³²⁻⁴ hu⁴⁴/

(literary) ordinary person; unexceptional individual


先祖

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔ⁵³/

/siɛn³³ t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔ⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔ⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔ⁴¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔ⁵³/

/siɛn³³ t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔ⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔ⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔ⁴¹/

(literary) earliest ancestor; primogenitor; progenitor


美少年

ㄇㄟˇ ㄕㄠˋ ㄋㄧㄢˊ

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

pretty youngster, beautiful teenager (usually boy)


王女

/wɑŋ³⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


美少女

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mei̯¹³ siːu̯³³ nɵy̯¹³/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mei̯¹³ siːu̯³³ nɵy̯¹³/


姥姥

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ lɑʊ̯⁴/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ lɑʊ̯⁴/

Most of the terms are only used for female midwives.

(colloquial) maternal grandmother; grandma


姥姥

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ lɑʊ̯⁴/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ lɑʊ̯⁴/

(colloquial) bloody hell!; bastards!; like hell!; never!


節育

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ y⁵¹/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ iɔk̚⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ iɔk̚²⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ iɔk̚¹²¹/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ iɔk̚⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ iɔk̚⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ y⁵¹/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ iɔk̚⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ iɔk̚²⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ iɔk̚¹²¹/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ iɔk̚⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ iɔk̚⁴/

(intransitive) to practice contraception; to use birth control


妻女

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


伯伯

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ b̥u̯ɔ³/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴ b̥aɪ̯⁴/

/paɪ̯⁵⁵ b̥aɪ̯²/

/pu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/pɛ²¹ pɛ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/paʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɑʔ²⁴/

/paʔ³³ paʔ⁴⁴/

/pɑʔ⁴⁴ pɑʔ⁴⁴/

/paʔ⁵⁵ paʔ⁵⁵/

/pɤ̞²⁴ pɤ̞³/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ b̥u̯ɔ³/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴ b̥aɪ̯⁴/

/paɪ̯⁵⁵ b̥aɪ̯²/

/pu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/pɛ²¹ pɛ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/paʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɑʔ²⁴/

/paʔ³³ paʔ⁴⁴/

/pɑʔ⁴⁴ pɑʔ⁴⁴/

/paʔ⁵⁵ paʔ⁵⁵/

/pɤ̞²⁴ pɤ̞³/

(dialectal) paternal aunt (father's sister, or wife of father's elder brother)


賢慧

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³/

/jiːn²¹ wɐi̯²²/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² hue²²/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² hue⁴¹/

/hiɛn¹³⁻²² hue²²/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ hue³³/

/hiɛn²³⁻³³ hue³³/

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³/

/jiːn²¹ wɐi̯²²/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² hue²²/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² hue⁴¹/

/hiɛn¹³⁻²² hue²²/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ hue³³/

/hiɛn²³⁻³³ hue³³/


賢惠

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³/

/jiːn²¹ wɐi̯²²/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² hui⁴¹/

/hiɛn¹³⁻²² hui²²/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² hui²²/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² hue⁴¹/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² hue²²/

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³/

/jiːn²¹ wɐi̯²²/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² hui⁴¹/

/hiɛn¹³⁻²² hui²²/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² hui²²/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² hue⁴¹/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² hue²²/


小子

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/siau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/siau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

1976 revised / 1955–56, 金庸, chapter 1, in 書劍恩仇錄, 明河社, page 29:

Wǒ Yán Shìkuí Guāndōng Liù Mó de míngtóu, kě shì kào zhēn gōngfū zhèng lái de, bù xiàng yǒu xiē xiǎozi zài biāoháng lǐ hùn, chú le huì chī fàn, jiù shì huì fàng pì!

我閻世魁關東六魔的名頭，可是靠眞功夫掙來的，不像有些小子在鏢行裏混，除了會吃飯，就是會放屁！

我阎世魁关东六魔的名头，可是靠真功夫挣来的，不像有些小子在镖行里混，除了会吃饭，就是会放屁！

c. 1980s – 1992, 单田芳, 9:17 from the start, in 三侠五义（评书）, 180 episodes edition, episode 1:

Zánmen dān shuō zhèi yī tiān, dà guójiù Ānlehóu Páng Yù, xǐ liǎn shù kǒu zhī bì, hē zhe bīngláng yànwō zhōu. Zhèi xiǎozi xīn lǐ shí fēn déyì ya. Wèishénme?

咱们单说这一天，大国舅安乐侯庞昱，洗脸漱口之毕，喝着槟榔燕窝粥。这小子心里十分得意呀。为什么？

咱們單說這一天，大國舅安樂侯龐昱，洗臉漱口之畢，喝著檳榔燕窩粥。這小子心裡十分得意呀。為什麼？

2001, Chiung Yao, 情深深雨濛濛, 49 episodes edition, episode 41, 王琳 (actor):

好哇，你小子也在這！

好哇，你小子也在这！

Used as a term of contempt for adult males.

2004, 高翀, “角马的故事” (10:39 from the start), in 家有儿女, season 1, episode 10, 高亚麟 (actor):

Wǒ zhèi cì jiù děng nǐ zhè jiā gōngsī ne! Ràng suǒyǒu de féishuǐ dōu liú dào nǐ xiǎozi dùzi lǐ. Tāshi le ba?

我这次就等你这家公司呢！让所有的肥水都流到你小子肚子里。踏实了吧？

我這次就等你這家公司呢！讓所有的肥水都流到你小子肚子裡。踏實了吧？

2006, 胡名波, “没男的毕业半年”, in 中国青年, 新浪新闻 republished edition:

Dāngwǎn, yuǎn zài Shēnzhèn de lǎo tóngxué dǎ lái diànhuà shuō: “Xiǎozi, bù cuò a! Yī xiàzi jiù nòng le ge zhǔrèn, ‘qián’ tú wúliàng ō.”

当晚，远在深圳的老同学打来电话说：“小子，不错啊！一下子就弄了个主任，‘钱’途无量哦。”

當晚，遠在深圳的老同學打來電話說：“小子，不錯啊！一下子就弄了個主任，‘錢’途無量哦。”

Used as an affectionate term for adult males that are not significantly older than the speaker.


鬼妹

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ muːi̯²²⁻⁵⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ muːi̯²²⁻⁵⁵/

(chiefly Cantonese, colloquial) Caucasian girl or young female


孕育

/yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/jɐn²² jʊk̚²/

/iŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋyʔ⁵/

/in²²⁻²¹ iɔk̚⁴/

/in⁴¹⁻²² iɔk̚²⁴/

/in²²⁻²¹ iɔk̚¹²¹/

/in³³⁻¹¹ iɔk̚⁴/

/in³³⁻²¹ iɔk̚⁴/

/ueŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ iok̚⁴/

/yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/jɐn²² jʊk̚²/

/iŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋyʔ⁵/

/in²²⁻²¹ iɔk̚⁴/

/in⁴¹⁻²² iɔk̚²⁴/

/in²²⁻²¹ iɔk̚¹²¹/

/in³³⁻¹¹ iɔk̚⁴/

/in³³⁻²¹ iɔk̚⁴/

/ueŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ iok̚⁴/

(figurative) to foster; to nurture; to breed


閨女

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ nyə̯ɻ²/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³/

/kui⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

/kui⁴⁴⁻²² lu⁵³/

/kui³³ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kui⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/kui⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁴¹/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ nyə̯ɻ²/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³/

/kui⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

/kui⁴⁴⁻²² lu⁵³/

/kui³³ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kui⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/kui⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁴¹/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

(chiefly Mandarin, Jin, colloquial) daughter


半邊天

баньбяньтянь

/pän⁵¹ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/puan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɛn³³ tʰiɛn³³/

/puan²¹⁻⁵³ piɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/puã²¹⁻⁵³ pĩ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/puã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pĩ³³ tʰĩ³³/

/pän⁵¹ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/puan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɛn³³ tʰiɛn³³/

/puan²¹⁻⁵³ piɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/puã²¹⁻⁵³ pĩ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/puã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pĩ³³ tʰĩ³³/

(figurative) women (of the new society); womenfolk


從者

/t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵/

(Classical) footman; henchman; retainer; retinue


長子

Sino-Xenic (長子):
* → Japanese: 長(ちょう)子(し) (chōshi)
* → Korean: 장자(長子) (jangja)
* → Vietnamese: trưởng tử (長子)

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sœːŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡soŋ³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/tyøŋ³³²⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))nɵ³³²/

/tiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/tiaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sœːŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡soŋ³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/tyøŋ³³²⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))nɵ³³²/

/tiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/tiaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/


長子

→ English: Ch'ang-tzu, Zhangzi

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～縣) Zhangzi (a county of Changzhi, Shanxi, China)


次子

/t͡sʰz̩⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiː³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/t͡sʰu¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sʰɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiː³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/t͡sʰu¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡sʰɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/


OL

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ ˀaɪ̯³⁵ loʊ̯³/

/ou̯⁵⁵ ɛː⁵⁵ lou̯²¹/

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ ˀaɪ̯³⁵ loʊ̯³/

/ou̯⁵⁵ ɛː⁵⁵ lou̯²¹/

From Japanese OL (ōeru), wasei eigo from English office + lady.


意識形態

ㄧˋ ㄕˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄞˋ

ㄧˋ ㄕˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄞˋ

/i⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/i⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jiː³³ sɪk̚⁵ jɪŋ²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/

/i⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/i⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jiː³³ sɪk̚⁵ jɪŋ²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/

德意志意識形態

德意志意识形态

If in all ideology men and their relations appear upside-down as in a camera obscura, this phenomenon arises just as much from their historical life-process as the inversion of objects on the retina does from their physical life-process.

1845-1846, Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels, 《德意志意識形態》

Rúguǒ zài quánbù yìshí xíngtài zhōng, rénmen hé tāmen de guānxì jiùxiàng zài zhàoxiàngjī zhōng yīyàng shì dǎolì chéng xiàng de, nà me zhè zhǒng xiànxiàng yě shì cóng rénmen shēnghuó de lìshǐ guòchéng zhōng chǎnshēng de, zhèngrú wùtǐ zài shì wǎngmó shàng de dǎoyǐng shì zhíjiē cóng rénmen shēnghuó de shēnglǐ guòchéng zhōng chǎnshēng de yīyàng.

如果在全部意識形態中，人們和他們的關係就像在照相機中一樣是倒立呈像的，那麼這種現象也是從人們生活的歷史過程中產生的，正如物體在視網膜上的倒影是直接從人們生活的生理過程中產生的一樣。

如果在全部意识形态中，人们和他们的关系就像在照相机中一样是倒立呈像的，那么这种现象也是从人们生活的历史过程中产生的，正如物体在视网膜上的倒影是直接从人们生活的生理过程中产生的一样。


美女

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mei̯¹³ nɵy̯¹³/

/mi³³⁻³⁵ nˡy³³/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lu⁴¹/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lu⁵³/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ li⁴¹/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li⁵³/

/mui⁵²⁻³⁵ nɯŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/me³³ n̠ʲy⁴⁴/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mei̯¹³ nɵy̯¹³/

/mi³³⁻³⁵ nˡy³³/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lu⁴¹/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lu⁵³/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ li⁴¹/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li⁵³/

/mui⁵²⁻³⁵ nɯŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/me³³ n̠ʲy⁴⁴/

美女與野獸

美女与野兽


手足

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/sɐu̯³⁵ t͡sʊk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɔk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔk̚³²/

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/sɐu̯³⁵ t͡sʊk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɔk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɔk̚³²/

(neologism, HK politics) fellow Hong Kong protestors


出門

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ məɻ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ muːn²¹/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁵ ᵐbᵘɔn²²/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ mŋ̍¹³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ muŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ məɻ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ muːn²¹/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁵ ᵐbᵘɔn²²/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ mŋ̍¹³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ muŋ⁵⁵/


眉黛

/meɪ̯³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/meɪ̯³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/


女婿

Sino-Xenic (女婿):
* → Japanese: 女婿(じょせい) (josei); 女婿(にょせい) (nyosei)
* → Korean: 여서(女壻) (yeoseo)

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy⁵¹/

/nɵy̯¹³ sɐi̯³³/

/n̠ʲy²¹³⁻²¹ ɕy¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai¹¹/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai⁴¹/

/n̠ʲy²² ɕi⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲy²² ɕy⁴⁴/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy⁵¹/

/nɵy̯¹³ sɐi̯³³/

/n̠ʲy²¹³⁻²¹ ɕy¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai¹¹/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai⁴¹/

/n̠ʲy²² ɕi⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲy²² ɕy⁴⁴/


丈人

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʐən¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴ ʐəŋ²⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴ ʐəŋ⁰/

/t͡sœːŋ²² jɐn²¹/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ in¹/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ n̠ʲin¹/

/t͡sɒ̃⁴⁵ ʐəŋ¹¹/

/tiɔŋ⁵⁵ neiŋ³³/

/tuoŋ⁵³⁻³³ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

/tiũ³³⁻²¹ laŋ²³/

/tiũ³³⁻¹¹ laŋ²⁴/

/tiũ²²⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/

/tiɔ̃²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ¹³/

/tiũ³³⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/tiũ²² laŋ²⁴/

/tĩẽ³⁵⁻¹¹ naŋ⁵⁵/

/tĩõ³⁵⁻¹¹ naŋ⁵⁵/

/zɑ̃²² n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʐən¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴ ʐəŋ²⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴ ʐəŋ⁰/

/t͡sœːŋ²² jɐn²¹/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ in¹/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ n̠ʲin¹/

/t͡sɒ̃⁴⁵ ʐəŋ¹¹/

/tiɔŋ⁵⁵ neiŋ³³/

/tuoŋ⁵³⁻³³ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

/tiũ³³⁻²¹ laŋ²³/

/tiũ³³⁻¹¹ laŋ²⁴/

/tiũ²²⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/

/tiɔ̃²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ¹³/

/tiũ³³⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/tiũ²² laŋ²⁴/

/tĩẽ³⁵⁻¹¹ naŋ⁵⁵/

/tĩõ³⁵⁻¹¹ naŋ⁵⁵/

/zɑ̃²² n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ²² jɐn²¹/


醜女

/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐu̯³⁵ nɵy̯¹³/

/t͡sʰɐu̯³⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐu̯³⁵ nɵy̯¹³/

/t͡sʰɐu̯³⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/


鬼婆

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ pʰɔː²¹/

/kei⁵⁵ pʰᵘɔ²²/

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ pʰɔː²¹/

/kei⁵⁵ pʰᵘɔ²²/

Variation on the more common masculine term 鬼佬 (guǐlǎo, “gweilo”).

(Cantonese, slang, derogatory, ethnic slur) older Caucasian woman; gweipo


岳父

/ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/ŋɔːk̚² fuː²²⁻³⁵/

/ŋɔk̚⁵ fu⁵³/

/ɡak̚²⁴⁻² hu²²/

/ɡak̚⁴⁻³² hu²²/

/ɡak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hu²²/

/ɡak̚⁴⁻³² hu³³/

/ŋoʔ¹¹ vu²³/

/ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/ŋɔːk̚² fuː²²⁻³⁵/

/ŋɔk̚⁵ fu⁵³/

/ɡak̚²⁴⁻² hu²²/

/ɡak̚⁴⁻³² hu²²/

/ɡak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hu²²/

/ɡak̚⁴⁻³² hu³³/

/ŋoʔ¹¹ vu²³/


女孩

Wutunhua: nixhe

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ xaɪ̯³⁵/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɑɻ³⁵/

/nɵy̯¹³ haːi̯²¹/

/ŋ̍³¹ hai̯¹¹/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hai²³/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hai²⁴/

/nɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ hai³⁵/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ xaɪ̯³⁵/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɑɻ³⁵/

/nɵy̯¹³ haːi̯²¹/

/ŋ̍³¹ hai̯¹¹/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hai²³/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hai²⁴/

/nɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ hai³⁵/

He had long had a crush on the pretty young woman.

Tā duì nà wèi piàoliàng de nǚhái ànliàn yǐjiǔ.

他對那位漂亮的女孩暗戀已久。

他对那位漂亮的女孩暗恋已久。


男人

/nän³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/næ̃²⁴ ʐəŋ⁵¹/

/naːm²¹ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/ⁿdam²² ᵑɡin²²⁻²²⁵/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ⁵³/

/nø²² n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

/nø²² n̠ʲin³³/

/nän³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/næ̃²⁴ ʐəŋ⁵¹/

/naːm²¹ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/ⁿdam²² ᵑɡin²²⁻²²⁵/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ⁵³/

/nø²² n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

/nø²² n̠ʲin³³/

/nän³⁵ ʐən³/

/naːm²¹ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/nän³⁵ ʐən³/

/naːm²¹ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/nø²² n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

/nø²² n̠ʲin³³/

Don't you think he's manly? I think he's so manly.

A Beautiful Daughter-in-Law Era (媳妇的美好时代), 2009

Nǐ bù juédé tā hěn nánrén ma? Wǒ juédé tā tài nánrén le.

你不覺得他很男人嗎？我覺得他太男人了。

你不觉得他很男人吗？我觉得他太男人了。


姊妹

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siː³⁵ muːi̯²²/

/t͡siː³⁵ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tei⁵⁵ ᵐbᵘɔi²¹/

/t͡si²⁴⁻³³ moi¹¹/

/t͡sz̩³¹ moɪ⁵³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be²²/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be³³/

/t͡si⁴²⁻²⁴ be²²/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ be⁴¹/

/t͡si⁵³⁻²⁴ bə²²/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bə⁴¹/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ muẽ³³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁵⁵ muẽ³³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mãi²²/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁵⁵ mãi³³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁵⁵ muãi³³/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁻³⁵ bə³³/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ mue¹¹/

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siː³⁵ muːi̯²²/

/t͡siː³⁵ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tei⁵⁵ ᵐbᵘɔi²¹/

/t͡si²⁴⁻³³ moi¹¹/

/t͡sz̩³¹ moɪ⁵³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be²²/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be³³/

/t͡si⁴²⁻²⁴ be²²/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ be⁴¹/

/t͡si⁵³⁻²⁴ bə²²/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bə⁴¹/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ muẽ³³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁵⁵ muẽ³³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mãi²²/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁵⁵ mãi³³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁵⁵ muãi³³/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁻³⁵ bə³³/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ mue¹¹/


綽約

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːk̚³ jœːk̚³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːk̚³ jœːk̚³/


昆仲

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ²²/

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ²²/

A certain pair of brothers, whose names I shall conceal for now, were both good friends of mine back during our school days.

Lu Xun, A Madman's Diary, translated by Wikisource

Mǒu jūn kūnzhòng, jīn yǐn qí míng, jiē yú xīrì zài zhōngxuéxiào shí liángyǒu.

某君昆仲，今隱其名，皆余昔日在中學校時良友。

某君昆仲，今隐其名，皆余昔日在中学校时良友。

(archaic) elder and younger brothers; brothers


女生

Sino-Xenic (女生):
* → Japanese: 女生(じょせい) (josei)
* → Korean: 여생(女生) (yeosaeng)
* → Vietnamese: nữ sinh (女生)

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/nɵy̯¹³ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/ˈn̠ʲy²¹³⁻¹³ sɛn⁴²/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sŋ̍³³/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sŋ̍³³/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/nɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ seŋ³³/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/nɵy̯¹³ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/ˈn̠ʲy²¹³⁻¹³ sɛn⁴²/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sŋ̍³³/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sŋ̍³³/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/nɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ seŋ³³/


男仔

/naːm²¹ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/ⁿdam²² tᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/ⁿdam²² tᵘɔi⁵⁵/


女仔

/nɵy̯¹³ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/ⁿdui⁵⁵ tᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/nɵy̯¹³ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/ⁿdui⁵⁵ tᵘɔi⁵⁵/


適應

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ iŋ⁵¹/

/sɪk̚⁵ jɪŋ³³/

/siak̚⁵⁻²⁴ iɪŋ⁴¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ¹¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ iɪŋ²¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ²¹/

/sek̚²⁻⁴ eŋ²¹³/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ iŋ⁵¹/

/sɪk̚⁵ jɪŋ³³/

/siak̚⁵⁻²⁴ iɪŋ⁴¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ¹¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ iɪŋ²¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ²¹/

/sek̚²⁻⁴ eŋ²¹³/


變性者

ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄓㄜˇ

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/piːn³³ sɪŋ³³ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/piːn³³ sɪŋ³³ t͡sɛː³⁵/


變性人

ㄅㄧㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄖㄣˊ

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/piːn³³ sɪŋ³³ jɐn²¹/

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/piːn³³ sɪŋ³³ jɐn²¹/

1993 March 9, 《我国变性手术达到世界先进水平》, in People's Daily, →ISSN

Jìzhě cóng Běijīng Yīkē Dàxué Dì-sān Yīyuàn lejiě dào, yīn huàn yìxìngpǐ yú 1992 nián xià zài zhè jiā yīyuàn jiēshòu nán nǚ nèibù xìngqìguān hùhuàn shǒushù de liǎng wèi biànxìngrén, xiànzài shēntǐ zhuàngkuàng liánghǎo, yǐ shìyìng le zìjǐ de shèhuì jiǎosè, zhè shuōmíng wǒguó de biànxìng shǒushù yǐ chùyú shìjiè xiānjìn shuǐpíng.

記者從北京醫科大學第三醫院了解到，因患易性癖於1992年夏在這家醫院接受男女內部性器官互換手術的兩位變性人，現在身體狀況良好，已適應了自己的社會角色，這說明我國的變性手術已處於世界先進水平。

记者从北京医科大学第三医院了解到，因患易性癖于1992年夏在这家医院接受男女内部性器官互换手术的两位变性人，现在身体状况良好，已适应了自己的社会角色，这说明我国的变性手术已处于世界先进水平。

2020 January 3, 北京市第二中级人民法院 (Beijing Second Intermediate People's Court), （2019）京02民终11084号民事判决书

Ér rú biànxìngrén zuòwèi láodòngzhě, qí jiùyè de quánlì yě yìngdāng shòudào fǎlǜ bǎozhàng.

而如變性人作為勞動者，其就業的權利也應當受到法律保障。

而如变性人作为劳动者，其就业的权利也应当受到法律保障。


變性

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/piːn³³ sɪŋ³³/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ²¹/

/piɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɪŋ⁴¹/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ²¹/

/piɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ¹¹/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ siɪŋ²¹/

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/piːn³³ sɪŋ³³/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ²¹/

/piɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɪŋ⁴¹/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ²¹/

/piɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ¹¹/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ siɪŋ²¹/


女友

/ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɵy̯¹³ jɐu̯¹³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu⁵³/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iu⁵⁵⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu⁵³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu⁵³/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iu⁴¹/

/nɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ iu⁵²⁻²¹/

/ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɵy̯¹³ jɐu̯¹³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu⁵³/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iu⁵⁵⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu⁵³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu⁵³/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iu⁴¹/

/nɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ iu⁵²⁻²¹/

女友鬧分手

女友闹分手

After discovering John's infidelity his girlfriend dumped him - in the end he really got his just deserts.

Yuēhàn de nǚyǒu fāxiàn le tā de bùzhōng bìng shuǎi le tā, yuánlái tā yě yǒu jīntiān.

約翰的女友發現了他的不忠並甩了他，原來他也有今天。

约翰的女友发现了他的不忠并甩了他，原来他也有今天。


男友

/nän³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːm²¹ jɐu̯¹³/

/nän³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːm²¹ jɐu̯¹³/


有了

/joʊ̯²¹⁴ lə⁴/

/joʊ̯²¹⁴ lə⁴/

(euphemistic) to be pregnant; to be with child


黃臉婆

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄌㄧㄢˇ ㄆㄛˊ

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ li̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ liːm¹³ pʰɔː²¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ li̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ liːm¹³ pʰɔː²¹/

(figurative, colloquial, derogatory) ugly old woman; hag


小弟弟

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄉㄧˋ ˙ㄉㄧ

siu² di⁶⁻⁴ di⁶⁻²

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ d̥i¹/

siu² di⁶⁻⁴ di⁶⁻²

xiu² di⁶⁻⁴ di⁶⁻²

/siːu̯³⁵ tɐi̯²²⁻²¹ tɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ tiː²²⁻²¹ tiː²²⁻³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ d̥i¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ tɐi̯²²⁻²¹ tɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ tiː²²⁻²¹ tiː²²⁻³⁵/


產假

/ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaːn³⁵ kaː³³/

/san⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴¹/

/san⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁵³/

/san⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ka²¹/

/san⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka¹¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaːn³⁵ kaː³³/

/san⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴¹/

/san⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁵³/

/san⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ka²¹/

/san⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka¹¹/

休產假

休产假


避孕

→ Zhuang: biyin

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹/

/pi²²⁻²¹ in²²/

/pi³³⁻²¹ in³³/

/pi³³⁻¹¹ in³³/

/pi⁴¹⁻²² in⁴¹/

/pi³³⁻¹¹ un³³/

/pi³³⁻²¹ un³³/

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹/

/pi²²⁻²¹ in²²/

/pi³³⁻²¹ in³³/

/pi³³⁻¹¹ in³³/

/pi⁴¹⁻²² in⁴¹/

/pi³³⁻¹¹ un³³/

/pi³³⁻²¹ un³³/

to prevent conception; to avoid pregnancy; to practice contraception


女的

/ny²¹⁴ d̥ə⁴/

/nɵy̯¹³ tɪk̚⁵/

/ny²¹⁴ d̥ə⁴/

/nɵy̯¹³ tɪk̚⁵/

Are you a boy or a girl? If you are a girl, that lady said you should buy women’s clothes, then go to the female comfort room to change clothes.

Lí sǐ lâm--ê á-sǐ lú--ê ba? Nǎ-sǐ lú--ê, hi-gê lú--ê seh lí tio̍h bóe lú--ê ê saⁿ, liáu khì lú--ê ê chhè-só͘ chhēng-saⁿ.

你是男的抑是女的嗎？若是女的，許個女的說你著買女的的衫，了去女的的廁所穿衫。

你是男的抑是女的吗？若是女的，许个女的说你著买女的的衫，了去女的的厕所穿衫。


男的

/nän³⁵ d̥ə³/

/næ̃¹¹ təʔ²/

/nän³⁵ d̥ə³/

/næ̃¹¹ təʔ²/

男子漢

especially one with masculine features or character

Are you a boy or a girl? If you are a boy, that guy said you should buy men’s clothes, then go to the male comfort room to change clothes.

Lí sǐ lâm--ê á-sǐ lú--ê ba? Nǎ-sǐ lâm--ê, hi-gê lâm--ê seh lí tio̍h bóe lâm--ê ê saⁿ, liáu khì lâm--ê ê chhè-só͘ chhēng-saⁿ.

你是男的抑是女的嗎？若是男的，許個男的說你著買男的的衫，了去男的的廁所穿衫。

你是男的抑是女的吗？若是男的，许个男的说你著买男的的衫，了去男的的厕所穿衫。


叔叔

/ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu³⁵/

/sʊk̚⁵ sʊk̚⁵/

/suəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ suəʔ²/

/soʔ³³ soʔ⁴⁴/

/ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu³⁵/

/sʊk̚⁵ sʊk̚⁵/

/suəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ suəʔ²/

/soʔ³³ soʔ⁴⁴/

paternal uncle (father's younger brother)

(often childish) uncle (term of address for a man around one's father's age or slightly younger)


反串

/fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵¹/

/huaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰuaŋ²¹³/

/fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵¹/

/huaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰuaŋ²¹³/

He cross-dressed a female role in this TV show.

Zài zhè bù diànshìjù zhōng tā fǎnchuàn le yī ge nǚxìng juésè.

在這部電視劇中他反串了一個女性角色。

在这部电视剧中他反串了一个女性角色。

to play a role one does not usually play in a performance, often of the opposite gender


男同

/nän³⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ tʰʊŋ²¹/

/nän³⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ tʰʊŋ²¹/

Short for 男同性戀／男同性恋 (nántóngxìngliàn) or 男同志 (nántóngzhì).


生育

Sino-Xenic (生育):
* → Japanese: 生育(せいいく) (seiiku)
* → Korean: 생육(生育) (saeng'yuk)
* → Vietnamese: sinh dục (生育)

/saːŋ⁵⁵ jʊk̚²/

/sɐŋ⁵⁵ jʊk̚²/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔk̚¹²¹/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔk̚⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔk̚⁴/

/sŋ̍³³ iɔk̚²⁴/

/sẽ³³⁻²³ iok̚⁴/

/sən⁵⁵ ɦioʔ²¹/

/saːŋ⁵⁵ jʊk̚²/

/sɐŋ⁵⁵ jʊk̚²/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔk̚¹²¹/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔk̚⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔk̚⁴/

/sŋ̍³³ iɔk̚²⁴/

/sẽ³³⁻²³ iok̚⁴/

/sən⁵⁵ ɦioʔ²¹/

生育控制

生育能力

to give birth; to procreate; to have children


爺爺

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛ³⁵/

/iɛ²¹ iɛ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/jɛː²¹ jɛː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ie¹¹ ie¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/ɦia²² ɦia⁴⁴/

/i̯e̞¹³ i̯e̞³/

/i̯e̞¹¹ i̯e̞¹¹/

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛ³⁵/

/iɛ²¹ iɛ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/jɛː²¹ jɛː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ie¹¹ ie¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/ɦia²² ɦia⁴⁴/

/i̯e̞¹³ i̯e̞³/

/i̯e̞¹¹ i̯e̞¹¹/

/i̯a̠¹³ i̯a̠³/

/jɛː²¹ jɛː²¹⁻³⁵/

/i̯a̠¹³ i̯a̠³/


小伙子

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ˙ㄗ

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ˙ㄗ

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/ɕiɔː²⁴ xuə⁵¹ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/siːu̯³⁵ fɔː³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/ɕiɔː²⁴ xuə⁵¹ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/siːu̯³⁵ fɔː³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/


家伙

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xu̯ɔ²/

/kaː⁵⁵ fɔː³⁵/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² hue⁴²/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ hue⁴¹/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² hə⁴²/

/ke³³ hə⁵⁵⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² he⁴²/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ he⁵³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² he⁵³/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² hue⁵³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ̃⁵³/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ̃⁵³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xu̯ɔ²/

/kaː⁵⁵ fɔː³⁵/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² hue⁴²/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ hue⁴¹/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² hə⁴²/

/ke³³ hə⁵⁵⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² he⁴²/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ he⁵³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² he⁵³/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² hue⁵³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ̃⁵³/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ̃⁵³/

(colloquial) time (instance or occurrence)


處女

Sino-Xenic (處女):
* → Japanese: 処(しょ)女(じょ) (shojo)
* → Korean: 처녀(處女) (cheonyeo)

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰyː³⁵ nɵy̯¹³/

/t͡sʰyː¹³ nɵy̯¹³/

/t͡sʰyː³⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰu³¹ ŋ̍³¹/

/t͡sʰu⁵⁵ ŋ̍³¹/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁴¹ lu⁴¹/

/t͡sʰu¹¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵³/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵³/

/t͡sʰɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁴¹ li⁴¹/

/t͡sʰu¹¹⁻⁵³ li⁵³/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ li⁵³/

/t͡sʰu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lu⁴¹/

/t͡sʰu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li⁵³/

/t͡sʰu²¹³⁻⁵⁵ nɯŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰyː³⁵ nɵy̯¹³/

/t͡sʰyː¹³ nɵy̯¹³/

/t͡sʰyː³⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰu³¹ ŋ̍³¹/

/t͡sʰu⁵⁵ ŋ̍³¹/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁴¹ lu⁴¹/

/t͡sʰu¹¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵³/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵³/

/t͡sʰɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁴¹ li⁴¹/

/t͡sʰu¹¹⁻⁵³ li⁵³/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ li⁵³/

/t͡sʰu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lu⁴¹/

/t͡sʰu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li⁵³/

/t͡sʰu²¹³⁻⁵⁵ nɯŋ⁵²⁻²¹/


女權主義

ㄋㄩˇ ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

нюйцюань чжуи

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/nɵy̯¹³ kʰyːn²¹ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/nɵy̯¹³ kʰyːn²¹ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/


女權主義者

ㄋㄩˇ ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ ㄓㄜˇ

нюйцюань чжуичжэ

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɵy̯¹³ kʰyːn²¹ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²² t͡sɛː³⁵/

/nɵy̯¹³ kʰyːn²¹ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²² t͡sɛː³⁵/


生下

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

[She bore three daughters and one son:] The son was named Chengzu, the eldest daughter Yuying, the second daughter Taoying, and the third daughter Yueying. Yuying was the eldest of the four and Chengzu the son was the second.

Feng Menglong, Stories to Awaken the World, 1627 CE

Shēngxià sān nǚ yī nán: érzǐ míng yuē Chéngzǔ, chángnǚ míng Yùyīng, cìnǚ míng Táoyīng, sānnǚ míng Yuèyīng. Yuánlái shì xiānhuāhòuguǒ de, dǎoshì Yùyīng jū cháng, cì jí Chéngzǔ.

生下三女一男：兒子名曰承祖，長女名玉英，次女名桃英，三女名月英。元來是先花後果的，倒是玉英居長，次即承祖。

生下三女一男：儿子名曰承祖，长女名玉英，次女名桃英，三女名月英。元来是先花后果的，倒是玉英居长，次即承祖。


胞衣

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ i⁵⁵/

/paːu̯⁵⁵ jiː⁵⁵/

/pau̯²⁴⁻¹¹ i²⁴/

/pau⁴⁴⁻²² i⁴⁴/

/pau⁴⁴⁻²² i⁴⁴/

/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ i⁴⁴/

/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ i⁴⁴/

/pau³³⁻²³ i³³/

/pɒu̯³³ i³³/

/pɑʊ̯⁴⁴⁵ i⁴⁴⁵/

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ i⁵⁵/

/paːu̯⁵⁵ jiː⁵⁵/

/pau̯²⁴⁻¹¹ i²⁴/

/pau⁴⁴⁻²² i⁴⁴/

/pau⁴⁴⁻²² i⁴⁴/

/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ i⁴⁴/

/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ i⁴⁴/

/pau³³⁻²³ i³³/

/pɒu̯³³ i³³/

/pɑʊ̯⁴⁴⁵ i⁴⁴⁵/


懷孕

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ yn⁵¹/

/waːi̯²¹ jɐn²²/

/huai⁵³⁻²¹ ɛiŋ²⁴²/

/huai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ heŋ³⁵/

wa^去 yuin^去; wa^去 yon^去; wa^去 yuin; wa^去 yon

³hhua ³hhyn; ³hhua ³hhion; ³hhua-hhyn; ³hhua-hhion

/ɦua³³ ɦyn²³/

/ɦua³³ ɦioŋ²³/

/ɦua²² ɦyn⁴⁴/

/ɦua²² ɦioŋ⁴⁴/

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ yn⁵¹/

/waːi̯²¹ jɐn²²/

/huai⁵³⁻²¹ ɛiŋ²⁴²/

/huai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ heŋ³⁵/

/ɦua³³ ɦyn²³/

/ɦua³³ ɦioŋ²³/

/ɦua²² ɦyn⁴⁴/

/ɦua²² ɦioŋ⁴⁴/

計劃外懷孕

计划外怀孕

她懷孕了。

她怀孕了。


月經

Sino-Xenic (月經):
* → Japanese: 月(げっ)経(けい) (gekkei)
* → Korean: 월경(月經) (wolgyeong)

→ Vietnamese: kinh nguyệt (calque)

/ɥɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːt̚² kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/yəʔ²⁻⁴⁵ t͡ɕiŋ¹¹/

/ŋuoʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ kiŋ⁵⁵/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)³⁵⁻² kiɪŋ³³/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kiɪŋ³³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ keŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻³ keŋ³³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² keŋ³³/

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ t͡ɕin²³/

/ɦioʔ¹¹ t͡ɕin²³/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːt̚² kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/yəʔ²⁻⁴⁵ t͡ɕiŋ¹¹/

/ŋuoʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ kiŋ⁵⁵/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)³⁵⁻² kiɪŋ³³/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kiɪŋ³³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ keŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻³ keŋ³³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² keŋ³³/

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ t͡ɕin²³/

/ɦioʔ¹¹ t͡ɕin²³/

月經晚來

月经晚来

月經規律

月经规律

你什麼時候來月經？

你什么时候来月经？

我的月經遲遲不來。

我的月经迟迟不来。


公主

→ Manchu: ᡤᡠᠩᠵᡠ (gungju)

→ Mongolian: ᠭᠦᠩᠵᠦ (güngǰü) / гүнж (günž)

→ Sogdian: γwnčwyh

→ Old Turkic: 𐰸𐰆𐰨𐰖 (q̊¹unčy¹ /qunčui/)

→ Karakhanid: [script needed] (qunčūy)

⇒ Vietnamese: công chúa

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥u²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵/

/kuŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ t͡suo³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/kɔŋ³³ t͡su⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ t͡su⁵²/

/koŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥u²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵/

/kuŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ t͡suo³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/kɔŋ³³ t͡su⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ t͡su⁵²/

/koŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

In Volume I of his 1085 treatise Records of the Origins of Affairs and Things (事物紀原), Gao Cheng (高承) quoted Chūnqiū Zhǐzhǎng Suìyù's (春秋指掌碎玉) statement that

[When] the Son of Heaven married off a daughter, ever since Qin and Han periods, he employed [one of] the Three Dukes [gōng] (公) to host [zhǔ] (主) [the marriage]. Hence the appellation Gōngzhǔ (公主).

Tiānzǐ jià nǚ, qín hàn yǐlái, shǐ sāngōng zhǔ zhī, gù hū gōngzhǔ yě.”

天子嫁女，秦漢以來，使三公主之，故呼公主也。”

天子嫁女，秦汉以来，使三公主之，故呼公主也。”

Those who are humorous and those who aren't are two different kinds of animals. The oddness of this is that, those ones who aren't humorous do humorous things. Go out and look at the streets. They turned the world totally misshaped. A bathhouse is called "bathing plaza" (洗浴广场). A restaurant is called "food city" (美食城). A barber shop is called "beauty center" (美容中心). Even as for the prostitutes in the nightclubs, they're initially called "young lady" (小姐), and later changed to "princess" (公主).

Yōumò hé bù yōumò de rén shì liǎng zhǒng dòngwu. Nǐngba hái zàiyú, rén bù yōumò, zuò chū de shì yōumò. Chū mén wǎng jiēshang kàn, tāmen bǎ shìjiè quán biàn le xíng, xǐzǎo tángzi jiào “xǐyù guǎngchǎng”, fànguǎn jiào “měishí chéng”, tìtóu pùzi jiào “měiróng zhōngxīn”; lián yèzǒnghuì de “jī”, yī kāishǐ jiào “xiǎojiě”, hòulái yòu gǎi jiào “gōngzhǔ”.

幽默和不幽默的人是兩種動物。擰巴還在於，人不幽默，做出的事幽默。出門往街上看，他們把世界全變了形，洗澡堂子叫「洗浴廣場」，飯館叫「美食城」，剃頭鋪子叫「美容中心」；連夜總會的「雞」，一開始叫「小姐」，後來又改叫「公主」。

幽默和不幽默的人是两种动物。拧巴还在于，人不幽默，做出的事幽默。出门往街上看，他们把世界全变了形，洗澡堂子叫「洗浴广场」，饭馆叫「美食城」，剃头铺子叫「美容中心」；连夜总会的「鸡」，一开始叫「小姐」，后来又改叫「公主」。


宮人

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

(historical) imperial concubine; palace maid


紅粉

From 紅／红 (hóng, “red”), as in "Red China" + 粉 (fěn, “fan”), short form of 粉絲／粉丝 (fěnsī).

zh-l

粉絲／粉丝 (fěnsī)

/xʊŋ³⁵ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xʊŋ³⁵ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(slang, neologism) devotee of the Communist Party of China; Chinese nationalist


渭陽

/weɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

(archaic) Weiyang (an ancient placename north of the Wei River)


犯罪行為

ㄈㄢˋ ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄨㄟˊ

фаньцзуй синвэй

/fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵/

/faːn²² t͡sɵy̯²² hɐŋ²¹ wɐi̯²¹/

/fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵/

/faːn²² t͡sɵy̯²² hɐŋ²¹ wɐi̯²¹/

(law, criminology) criminal act; criminal offense


紳士

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (紳士):
* → Japanese: 紳(しん)士(し) (shinshi)
* → Korean: 신사(紳士) (sinsa)
* → Vietnamese: thân sĩ (紳士)

/ʂən⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ siː²²/

/sɐn⁵⁵ siː²²⁻³⁵/

/sɨn²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² su²²/

/ʂən⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ siː²²/

/sɐn⁵⁵ siː²²⁻³⁵/

/sɨn²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² su²²/

(ACG, Internet slang, ironic) (male) pervert


老頭子

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯³³ d̥ɘu̯¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯³³ d̥ɘu̯¹¹ t͡sz̩³/


老頭

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/lau²²⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/lau²²⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

(often disrespectful) old man; old fellow

(colloquial, non-face-to-face) old man (father)


老頭

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/lau²²⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/lau²²⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

(non-face-to-face) elder in the family, especially dad


娼妓

Sino-Xenic (娼妓):
* → Japanese: 娼(しょう)妓(ぎ) (shōgi)
* → Korean: 창기(娼妓) (changgi)
* → Vietnamese: xướng kĩ (娼妓)

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ kei̯²²/

/t͡sʰoŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɔŋ³³ ki³³/

/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ki²²/

/t͡sʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ ki³⁵/

/t͡sʰɑ̃⁵⁵ t͡ɕi²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ kei̯²²/

/t͡sʰoŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɔŋ³³ ki³³/

/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ki²²/

/t͡sʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ ki³⁵/

/t͡sʰɑ̃⁵⁵ t͡ɕi²¹/


次男

/t͡sʰz̩⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡sʰiː³³ naːm²¹/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁴¹ lam²³/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ lam¹³/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ lam²⁴/

/t͡sʰu¹¹⁻⁵³ lam²⁴/

/t͡sʰɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lam²⁴/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡sʰiː³³ naːm²¹/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁴¹ lam²³/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ lam¹³/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ lam²⁴/

/t͡sʰu¹¹⁻⁵³ lam²⁴/

/t͡sʰɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lam²⁴/


美眉

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯³⁵/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯³⁵/

From Taiwanese Mandarin 妹妹 (měiméi, “younger sister”); whose pronunciation is due to going through a diminutive tonal alternation.


婦科

/fu⁵¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵/

/fuː¹³ fɔː⁵⁵/

/hu²²⁻²¹ kʰo⁴⁴/

/hu⁴¹⁻²² kʰo³³/

/hu²²⁻²¹ kʰo⁴⁴/

/hu³³⁻¹¹ kʰo⁴⁴/

/hu³³⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

/hu³⁵⁻¹¹ kʰue³³/

/fu⁵¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵/

/fuː¹³ fɔː⁵⁵/

/hu²²⁻²¹ kʰo⁴⁴/

/hu⁴¹⁻²² kʰo³³/

/hu²²⁻²¹ kʰo⁴⁴/

/hu³³⁻¹¹ kʰo⁴⁴/

/hu³³⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

/hu³⁵⁻¹¹ kʰue³³/

(medicine) gynaecology department (of a hospital)


女史

/ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Reflecting upon myself before the Portraits of Exemplar Women, I call upon the court lady to instruct me with the Book of Poetry.

Chén “Nǚtú” yǐ jìngjiàn xī, gù nǚshǐ ér wèn “Shī”.

陳《女圖》以鏡監兮，顧女史而問《詩》。

陈《女图》以镜监兮，顾女史而问《诗》。

(For) Emperor Wu of Han there were the Palace Records; Empress Ma of the Latter Han wrote the Records of Emperor Ming. Thus it appears that the imperial Records were under the jurisdiction of the (private) palace and charged to the female secretaries in the era of Han.

Hànwǔdì yǒu jìnzhōng qǐjūzhù, Hòuhàn Mǎ Huánghòu zhuàn Míngdì qǐjūzhù, zé Hàn qǐjūzhù sì zài gōngzhōng, wéi nǚshǐ zhī rèn.

漢武帝有禁中起居注，後漢馬皇后撰明帝起居注，則漢起居注似在宮中，為女史之任。

汉武帝有禁中起居注，后汉马皇后撰明帝起居注，则汉起居注似在宫中，为女史之任。

(historical) a female secretary or attendant of the imperial household (woman in charge of the protocols, literacy, record-keeping, or scribal work, etc.)

(literary) an educated woman; a female scholar

(historiography, feminism) feminist history; herstory


孝男

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/hau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lam²⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/hau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lam²⁴/

(Mainland China Hokkien) scapegoat disliked by people


男子漢

/nän³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ xän⁵¹/

/næ̃²⁴ t͡sz̩⁵¹ xæ̃²⁴/

/naːm²¹ t͡siː³⁵ hɔːn³³/

/lam²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han¹¹/

/lam²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/lam¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/lam²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ han⁴¹/

/nän³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ xän⁵¹/

/næ̃²⁴ t͡sz̩⁵¹ xæ̃²⁴/

/naːm²¹ t͡siː³⁵ hɔːn³³/

/lam²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han¹¹/

/lam²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/lam¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/lam²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ han⁴¹/

真正的男子漢／真正的男子汉

A true man bleeds but never sheds a tear

男子漢大丈夫，流血不流淚

男子汉大丈夫，流血不流泪

2012, “癡情的男子漢 [A Macho Man with Crushing Love]”, 春風仔 (lyrics), 洋蔥 and 睿兒 (music)performed by 玖壹壹 [Nine One One] and UnderLover:

I love you over and over 'til death; A macho man with crushing love

góa sī ài lí ài lí ài kàu beh sí ê chhi-chêng lâm-chú-hàn

我是愛你愛你愛到欲死的癡情男子漢

我是爱你爱你爱到欲死的痴情男子汉

man (especially one with masculine features or character)


女士

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/nɵy̯¹³ siː²²/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su³³/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su²²/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ²²/

/li⁵³⁻⁵⁵ su³³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su³³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su²²/

/nɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ sɯ³⁵/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/nɵy̯¹³ siː²²/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su³³/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su²²/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ²²/

/li⁵³⁻⁵⁵ su³³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su³³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su²²/

/nɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ sɯ³⁵/

Originally, the combination was close to the literal meaning, i.e., a female 士 (shì, “person from higher, educated social stratum”), a woman whose character, upbringing, and conduct matched those expected of the 士 class. For example, in the Shijing (《詩·大雅·既醉》)

zh-m

There is given you a heroic wife,
And from her shall come [the line of] descendants.

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

釐爾女士，從以孫子。

釐尔女士，从以孙子。


仙女

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ nyə̯ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːn⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lu⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

/siɛn³³ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ nyə̯ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːn⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lu⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

/siɛn³³ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/


慰安婦

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/

/wɐi̯³³ ɔːn⁵⁵ fuː¹³/

/vi⁵⁵ on²⁴⁻¹¹ fu⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/

/wɐi̯³³ ɔːn⁵⁵ fuː¹³/

/vi⁵⁵ on²⁴⁻¹¹ fu⁵⁵/

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 慰安婦(いあんふ) (ianfu).

wasei kango

comfort woman (woman forced to serve the Japanese military during the Pacific War)