孝

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 耂 (“an old man with long hair, bent over”) + 子 (“a child”) – an old man and a child, filial piety between generations. Compare top component to 老 (OC *ruːʔ, “old”).

孝義

devotion to one's parents and loyalty to one's friends

(Southern Min) to offer up sacrifices (to gods or ancestors)


大道

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (大道):
* → Japanese: 大道(だいどう) (daidō)
* → Korean: 대도(大道) (daedo)
* → Vietnamese: đại đạo (大道)

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tɔ⁴¹/

/tua³³⁻²¹ tɤ³³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ to³³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ to³³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tɤ³³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ to²²/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tɔ⁴¹/

/tua³³⁻²¹ tɤ³³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ to³³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ to³³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tɤ³³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ to²²/


孟子

Sino-Xenic (孟子):
* → Japanese: 孟(もう)子(し) (Mōshi)
* → Korean: 맹자(孟子) (Maengja)
* → Vietnamese: Mạnh Tử (孟子)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠮᠧᠩᠽᠢ (mēngzi)

Mongolian: ᠮᠧᠩᠽᠢ (mēngzi), Мэнз (Menz)

→ English: Mengzi

→ Latin: Mencius

→ English: Mencius

→ Chinese: 門修斯 (Ménxiūsī)

→ Manchu: ᠮᡝᠩᡯ (mengdz)

→ Tibetan: མེང་ཙི (meng tsi)

/mɤŋ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːŋ²² t͡siː³⁵/

/biɪŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/biɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/mɤŋ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːŋ²² t͡siː³⁵/

/biɪŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/biɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.

Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

我欲中國而授孟子室。

我欲中国而授孟子室。

Mencius (a Chinese philosopher, one of the principal thinkers of Confucianism)


知道

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ d̥ɑʊ̯²/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ d̥ɑʊ̯²/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹ tɔ/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ tɔ²⁴/

/ti⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ d̥ɑʊ̯²/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ d̥ɑʊ̯²/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹ tɔ/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ tɔ²⁴/

/ti⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(literary, Taoism, Confucianism) to know the Tao; to know the way; to understand the principles well

Taoism; Confucianism; Taoism; Confucianism


儒教

Sino-Xenic (儒教):
* → Japanese: 儒(じゅ)教(きょう) (jukyō)
* → Korean: 유교(儒敎) (yugyo)
* → Vietnamese: Nho giáo (儒教)

/ʐu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/jyː²¹ kaːu̯³³/

/y⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɑu²¹³/

/lu²⁴⁻²² kau⁴¹/

/lu²⁴⁻²² kau²¹/

/lu²⁴⁻¹¹ kau¹¹/

/d͡zi¹³⁻²² kau²¹/

/zu²³⁻³³ kau²¹/

/zz̩²² t͡ɕiɔ⁴⁴/

/ʐu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/jyː²¹ kaːu̯³³/

/y⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɑu²¹³/

/lu²⁴⁻²² kau⁴¹/

/lu²⁴⁻²² kau²¹/

/lu²⁴⁻¹¹ kau¹¹/

/d͡zi¹³⁻²² kau²¹/

/zu²³⁻³³ kau²¹/

/zz̩²² t͡ɕiɔ⁴⁴/


孝順

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʂu̯ən¹/

/haːu̯³³ sɵn²²/

/hau²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾louŋ²⁴²/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sun⁴¹/

/hau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ suŋ³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʂu̯ən¹/

/haːu̯³³ sɵn²²/

/hau²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾louŋ²⁴²/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sun⁴¹/

/hau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ suŋ³⁵/

to show filial piety; to be obedient to one's parents or other senior relatives

(literary) to offer a present to a superior


孝順

Sino-Xenic (孝順):
* → Japanese: 孝(こう)順(じゅん) (kōjun)
* → Korean: 효순(孝順) (hyosun)
* → Vietnamese: hiếu thuận (孝順)

→ Guiqiong: ɕiɔtsʰə

→ Manchu: ᡥᡳᠶᠣᠣᡧᡠᠨ (hiyoošun)

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʂu̯ən¹/

/haːu̯³³ sɵn²²/

/hau²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾louŋ²⁴²/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sun⁴¹/

/hau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ suŋ³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʂu̯ən¹/

/haːu̯³³ sɵn²²/

/hau²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾louŋ²⁴²/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sun⁴¹/

/hau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ suŋ³⁵/

Filial piety is a traditional virtue of the Chinese people.

Xiàoshùn shì zhōnghuámínzú de chuántǒng měidé.

孝順是中華民族的傳統美德。

孝顺是中华民族的传统美德。


孔子

Sino-Xenic (孔子):
* → Japanese: 孔(こう)子(し) (Kōshi)
* → Korean: 공자(孔子) (Gongja)
* → Vietnamese: Khổng Tử (孔子)

→ English: Kongzi

→ Kazakh: Құң-зы (Qūñ-zy)

→ Khmer: ខុងជឺ (khong cɨɨ)

→ Lao: ຂົງຈື້ (khong chư̄)

→ Manchu: ᡴᡠᠩᡯᡳ (kungdzi)

→ Mongolian: Күнз (Künz)

→ Russian: Ку́н-цзы́ (Kún-czý)

→ Thai: ขงจื๊อ (kǒng-jʉ́ʉ)

→ Tibetan: ཁུང་ཙི (khung tsi)

→ Uyghur: كۇڭزى (kungzi)

→ Zhuang: Gungjswj

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/hɵŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/kʰuŋ²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰoŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sɯ⁵²⁻²¹/

/kʰoŋ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/hɵŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/kʰuŋ²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰoŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sɯ⁵²⁻²¹/

/kʰoŋ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

Confucius went to see Lao Dan, and arrived just as he had completed the bathing of his head, and was letting his dishevelled hair get dry. There he was, motionless, and as if there were not another man in the world.

Kǒngzǐ jiàn Lǎodān, Lǎodān xīnmù, fāngjiāng bèifà ér gān, zhérán sì fēirén.

孔子見老聃，老聃新沐，方將被髮而乾，慹然似非人。

孔子见老聃，老聃新沐，方将被发而干，𰑔然似非人。


三綱

/sän⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

(Confucianism) the three most important relationships among men according to Confucian philosophy (in order: ruler and subject, father and son, husband and wife)


孝心

Sino-Xenic (孝心):
* → Japanese: 孝心(こうしん) (kōshin)
* → Korean: 효심(孝心) (hyosim)

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵/

/haːu̯³³ sɐm⁵⁵/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sim³³/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵/

/haːu̯³³ sɐm⁵⁵/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sim³³/


孔夫子

Sino-Xenic (孔夫子):
* → Japanese: 孔(こう)夫(ふう)子(し) (Kōfūshi)
* → Korean: 공부자(孔夫子) (Gongbuja)
* → Vietnamese: Khổng Phu Tử (孔夫子)

desc

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠺᠦᠩᠹᠦᠽᠢ (küngfüzi)

Mongolian: ᠺᠦᠩᠹᠦᠽᠢ (küngfüzi), Күнфүз (Künfüz)

→ Finnish: Kungfutse, Konfutse

→ Indonesian: Konghucu, Khonghucu, Kong Hu Cu, Khong Hu Cu

→ Latin: Confucius

→ English: Confucius

→ French: Confucius

→ German: Konfuzius

→ Italian: Confucio

→ Portuguese: Confúcio

⇒ Russian: Конфуцій (Konfucij), Конфуций (Konfucij)

→ Spanish: Confucio

→ Manchu: ᡴᡠᠩᡶᡠᡯ (kungfudz)

→ Tibetan: ཁུང་ཧྥུ་ཙི (khung hphu tsi)

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ³⁵ fuː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/kʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fu²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hu³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hu⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hu⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hu⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ³⁵ fuː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/kʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fu²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hu³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hu⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hu⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hu⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/


孝行

ja-r

孝(こう)行(こう) (kōkō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (孝行):
* → Japanese: 孝(こう)行(こう) (kōkō)
* → Korean: 효행(孝行) (hyohaeng)
* → Vietnamese: hiếu hạnh (孝行)

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/haːu̯³³ hɐŋ²²/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ²²/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hiɪŋ⁴¹/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ²²/

/hau¹¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ³³/

/hau²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɪŋ³³/

/hau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ heŋ³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/haːu̯³³ hɐŋ²²/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ²²/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hiɪŋ⁴¹/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ²²/

/hau¹¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ³³/

/hau²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɪŋ³³/

/hau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ heŋ³⁵/


王者

ja-r

王者(おうじゃ) (ōja)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (王者):
* → Japanese: 王者(おうじゃ) (ōja)
* → Korean: 왕자(王者) (wangja)
* → Vietnamese: vương giả (王者)

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sia⁵³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sia⁵³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sia⁵³/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sia⁴¹/

/uaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sia⁵²/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sia⁵³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sia⁵³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sia⁵³/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sia⁴¹/

/uaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sia⁵²/

(archaic, Confucianism) true king; kingly one (one who has lived up to the moral standards required to rule as a monarch)


儒家

/ʐu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/jyː²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/y⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾a⁵⁵/

/lu²⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴/

/lu²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/lu²⁴⁻²² ka³³/

/zu²³⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/

/d͡zi¹³⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/zz̩²² t͡ɕia⁴⁴/

/ʐu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/jyː²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/y⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾a⁵⁵/

/lu²⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴/

/lu²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/lu²⁴⁻²² ka³³/

/zu²³⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/

/d͡zi¹³⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/zz̩²² t͡ɕia⁴⁴/


四書

/sz̩⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/su²¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/

/su²¹⁻⁴¹ su⁴⁴/

/su¹¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/

/si⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɯ³³/

/su²¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/

/sz̩⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/su²¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/

/su²¹⁻⁴¹ su⁴⁴/

/su¹¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/

/si⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɯ³³/

/su²¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/

the Four Books (Chinese classic texts illustrating the core value and belief systems in Confucianism)


聖靈

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ liŋ³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ lɪŋ²¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ¹³/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ liɪŋ²³/

/sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ leŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ liŋ³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ lɪŋ²¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ¹³/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ liɪŋ²³/

/sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ leŋ⁵⁵/

It was no fitting residence for the spirit of the Sage; I was indignant at how bad the appearance of the temple was.

1497, 金宗直 (Kim Jong-jik), 《謁夫子廟賦》 (Rhapsody on visiting the temple of Confucius), 《佔畢齋集》

bi seongnyeong ji ui taek, gae myo mo ji bu jang.

匪聖靈之宜宅，慨廟貌之不臧。

(Confucianism) spirit of a sage (e.g. Confucius)


中庸

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jʊŋ²¹/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯uŋ²⁴/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯uŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jʊŋ²¹/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯uŋ²⁴/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯uŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

Four Books
w:Four Books and Five Classics

the Doctrine of the Mean (one of the Four Books (四書／四书 (Sìshū)) of Confucianism)


儒學

/ʐu³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/jyː²¹ hɔːk̚²/

/y⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ouʔ⁵/

/lu²⁴⁻¹¹ hak̚⁴/

/lu²⁴⁻²² hak̚²⁴/

/lu²⁴⁻²² hak̚⁴/

/zu²³⁻³³ hak̚⁴/

/d͡zi¹³⁻²² hak̚¹²¹/

/ʐu³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/jyː²¹ hɔːk̚²/

/y⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ouʔ⁵/

/lu²⁴⁻¹¹ hak̚⁴/

/lu²⁴⁻²² hak̚²⁴/

/lu²⁴⁻²² hak̚⁴/

/zu²³⁻³³ hak̚⁴/

/d͡zi¹³⁻²² hak̚¹²¹/


孝義

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/haːu̯³³ jiː²²/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/hau¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡi³³/

/hau²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡi³³/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/haːu̯³³ jiː²²/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/hau¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡi³³/

/hau²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡi³³/

devotion to one's parents and loyalty to one's friends


孝道

ja-r

孝道(こうどう) (kōdō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (孝道):
* → Japanese: 孝道(こうどう) (kōdō)
* → Korean: 효도(孝道) (hyodo)

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ to²²/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ to⁴¹/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ to²²/

/hau¹¹⁻⁵³ to³³/

/hau²¹⁻⁴¹ tɤ³³/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ to²²/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ to⁴¹/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ to²²/

/hau¹¹⁻⁵³ to³³/

/hau²¹⁻⁴¹ tɤ³³/

The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

Kǒngzǐ yǐwèi néng tōng xiàodào, gù shòu zhī yè.

孔子以為能通孝道，故授之業。

孔子以为能通孝道，故授之业。

jiù ràng wǒ lái guìxià zhè shì wǒ xuéhuì de xiàodào

就讓我來跪下這是我學會的孝道

就让我来跪下这是我学会的孝道


孝敬

Sino-Xenic (孝敬):
* → Japanese: 孝敬(こうけい) (kōkei)

→ Zhuang: hauqgingq

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/haːu̯³³ kɪŋ³³/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ²¹/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiɪŋ⁴¹/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ²¹/

/hau¹¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ¹¹/

/hau²¹⁻⁴¹ kiɪŋ²¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/haːu̯³³ kɪŋ³³/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ²¹/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiɪŋ⁴¹/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ²¹/

/hau¹¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ¹¹/

/hau²¹⁻⁴¹ kiɪŋ²¹/

(Southern Min) to offer sacrifices (to gods and spirits)


禮堂

Sino-Xenic (禮堂):
* → Vietnamese: lễ đường (禮堂)

→ Javanese: klenthéng (ꦏ꧀ꦭꦼꦤ꧀ꦛꦺꦁ)

desc

→ Indonesian: kelenteng (“Chinese temple”)

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/lɐi̯¹³ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²⁴/

/le⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tŋ̍²⁴/

/le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍¹³/

/le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²⁴/

/le⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²³/

/li⁵²⁻³⁵ tɯŋ⁵⁵/

/li²² dɑ̃⁴⁴/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/lɐi̯¹³ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²⁴/

/le⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tŋ̍²⁴/

/le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍¹³/

/le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²⁴/

/le⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²³/

/li⁵²⁻³⁵ tɯŋ⁵⁵/

/li²² dɑ̃⁴⁴/


聖堂

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/sɪŋ³³ tʰɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/sɨn⁵⁵ tʰoŋ¹¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tŋ̍²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍¹³/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tŋ̍²³/

/seŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tɯŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/sɪŋ³³ tʰɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/sɨn⁵⁵ tʰoŋ¹¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tŋ̍²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍¹³/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tŋ̍²³/

/seŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tɯŋ⁵⁵/

(religion) Confucian temple; temple honoring Confucius and housing schools and testing facilities


五常

ja-r

五常(ごじょう) (gojō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (五常):
* → Japanese: 五常(ごじょう) (gojō)
* → Korean: 오상(五常) (osang)
* → Vietnamese: ngũ thường (五常)

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ sœːŋ²¹/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²³/

/ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ¹³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ sœːŋ²¹/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²³/

/ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ¹³/

(Confucianism) the five cardinal Confucian virtues (justice, politeness, wisdom, fidelity and benevolence)


論語

/lu̯ən³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵn²¹ jyː¹³/

/lɵn²² jyː¹³/

/lun²⁴⁻²² ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/lun³³⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵³/

/lun²⁴⁻²² ɡu⁵³/

/lun²²⁻²¹ ɡi⁵³/

/lun³³⁻²¹ ɡi⁴¹/

/lu̯ən³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵn²¹ jyː¹³/

/lɵn²² jyː¹³/

/lun²⁴⁻²² ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/lun³³⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵³/

/lun²⁴⁻²² ɡu⁵³/

/lun²²⁻²¹ ɡi⁵³/

/lun³³⁻²¹ ɡi⁴¹/

With a knowledge of only half of the Analects I can govern all under heaven.

attributed to 趙普 Zhao Pu, based on a line in 高文秀 Gao Wenxiu's play《好酒趙元遇上皇》 Tippler Zhao Yuan Encounters the Prior Emperor

半部論語治天下

半部论语治天下

Each time I decide on some important affair, I open up a piece of writing — the Analects. Now it is said of me that “I order the empire with half of the Analects.”

高文秀 Gao Wenxiu, 《好酒趙元遇上皇》 Tippler Zhao Yuan Encounters the Prior Emperor, [Yuan dynasty]

Měi jué dàshì, qǐwén guānshū, nǎi “lùnyǔ” yě, cǐshí chēng xiǎoguān yǐ bàn bù “lùnyǔ” zhì yī tiānxià.

每決大事，啟文觀書，乃《論語》也，此時稱小官以半部《論語》治一天下。

每决大事，启文观书，乃《论语》也，此时称小官以半部《论语》治一天下。

Lunyu, the Analects of Confucius (one of the Four Books (四書／四书 (Sìshū)) of Confucianism)


小道

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/


孔教

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/hʊŋ³⁵ kaːu̯³³/

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/hʊŋ³⁵ kaːu̯³³/


載道

/t͡saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(Taoism, Confucianism) to convey moral teachings; to convey the Way


孝悌

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰi⁵¹/

/haːu̯³³ tɐi̯²²/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰi⁵¹/

/haːu̯³³ tɐi̯²²/

Let careful attention be paid to education in schools, inculcating in it especially the filial and fraternal duties, and grey-haired men will not be seen upon the roads, carrying burdens on their backs or on their heads.

Jǐn xiángxù zhī jiào, shēnzhī yǐ xiàotì zhī yì, bānbái zhě bù fùdài yú dàolù yǐ.

謹庠序之教，申之以孝悌之義，頒白者不負戴於道路矣。

谨庠序之教，申之以孝悌之义，颁白者不负戴于道路矣。


經學家

ㄐㄧㄥ ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄐㄧㄚ

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔːk̚² kaː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔːk̚² kaː⁵⁵/


經學

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔːk̚²/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔːk̚²/


經學

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔːk̚²/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔːk̚²/


儒術

/jyː²¹ sɵt̚²/

/jyː²¹ sɵt̚²/

to ban the Hundred Schools of Thought and only revere Confucianism

罷黜百家獨尊儒術

罢黜百家独尊儒术


詩經

Sino-Xenic (詩經):
* → Japanese: 詩(し)経(きょう) (shikyō)
* → Korean: 시경(詩經) (sigyeong)

→ Vietnamese: Kinh Thi (經詩) (calque)

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ kin²⁴/

/si⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iŋ⁵⁵/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/si³³ kiɪŋ³³/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sz̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕin²¹/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ kin²⁴/

/si⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iŋ⁵⁵/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/si³³ kiɪŋ³³/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sz̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕin²¹/

Classic of Poetry (the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry)


文廟

Sino-Xenic (文廟):
* → Vietnamese: văn miếu (文廟)

/wən³⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/bun²³⁻³³ biɤ³³/

/wən³⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/bun²³⁻³³ biɤ³³/

From 文帝 (Wén Dì, “God of Literature, Culture, etc.”) as a Taoist god or epithet of Confucius.


孔廟

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kʰoŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ bio¹¹/

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kʰoŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ bio¹¹/

From Confucius's surname Kong (孔 (kǒng)).

北京孔廟

北京孔庙


夫子廟

/fu⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/fu⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/


學廟

/ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/


孔子廟

ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄗˇ ㄇㄧㄠˋ

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/hʊŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵ miːu̯²²/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bio²²/

/kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bio⁴¹/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bio²²/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bio³³/

/kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ biɤ³³/

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/hʊŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵ miːu̯²²/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bio²²/

/kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bio⁴¹/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bio²²/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bio³³/

/kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ biɤ³³/


聖廟

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sɪŋ³³ miːu̯²²/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ bio²²/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bio⁴¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ bio²²/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ bio³³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ biɤ³³/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sɪŋ³³ miːu̯²²/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ bio²²/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bio⁴¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ bio²²/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ bio³³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ biɤ³³/


理學

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/lei̯¹³ hɔːk̚²/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hak̚⁴/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hak̚²⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hak̚¹²¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hak̚⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hak̚⁴/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/lei̯¹³ hɔːk̚²/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hak̚⁴/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hak̚²⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hak̚¹²¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hak̚⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hak̚⁴/


修身

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/

/sɐu̯⁵⁵ sɐn⁵⁵/

/si̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨn²⁴/

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/

/sɐu̯⁵⁵ sɐn⁵⁵/

/si̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨn²⁴/

Investigate the nature of things, pursue knowledge, act in good faith, rectify one's mind, cultivate one's moral character, manage one's household, administer state affairs and bring peace to the nation.

Géwù, zhìzhī, chéngyì, zhèngxīn, xiūshēn, qíjiā, zhìguó, píngtiānxià.

格物、致知、誠意、正心、修身、齊家、治國、平天下。

格物、致知、诚意、正心、修身、齐家、治国、平天下。

To cultivate one's person and fulfil one's words is called good conduct.

The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE

修身踐言，謂之善行。

修身践言，谓之善行。

to cultivate one's moral character; to practice self-cultivation


儒林

/jyː²¹ lɐm²¹/

/jyː²¹ lɐm²¹/

(historical) Confucian scholars; scholars; academic circles


正名

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ mɪŋ²¹/

/t͡siã²¹⁻⁴¹ miã²³/

/t͡siã¹¹⁻⁵³ miã²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ miã²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ miã²³/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ mɪŋ²¹/

/t͡siã²¹⁻⁴¹ miã²³/

/t͡siã¹¹⁻⁵³ miã²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ miã²⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ miã²³/

(philosophy, especially Confucianism) the rectification of names


經書

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ syː⁵⁵/

/kin²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴⁴/

/kĩã³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ³³/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ syː⁵⁵/

/kin²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴⁴/

/kĩã³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ³³/

classic books; classic texts
(specifically, Confucianism) classics


德政

/tɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/tɐk̚⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/tɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/tɐk̚⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siɪŋ²¹/


七情

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(Confucianism, Buddhism, traditional Chinese medicine) the seven emotional states: joy, anger, anxiety, thought, grief, fear, fright


忠恕

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ syː³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ syː³³/

The Master said, "Shen, my doctrine is that of an all-pervading unity." The disciple Zeng replied, "Yes." The Master went out, and the other disciples asked, saying, "What do his words mean?" Zeng said, "The doctrine of our master is to be true to the principles of our nature and the benevolent exercise of them to others, this and nothing more."

The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE

Zǐyuē: “Shēn hū! Wú dào yī yǐ guàn zhī.” Zēngzǐ yuē: “Wéi.” Zǐ chū. Ménrén wèn yuē: “Héwèi yě?” Zēngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ zhī dào, zhōngshù ér yǐ yǐ.”

子曰：「參乎！吾道一以貫之。」曾子曰：「唯。」子出。門人問曰：「何謂也？」曾子曰：「夫子之道，忠恕而已矣。」

子曰：「参乎！吾道一以贯之。」曾子曰：「唯。」子出。门人问曰：「何谓也？」曾子曰：「夫子之道，忠恕而已矣。」

(Confucianism) to exercise loyalty and reciprocity; to show magnanimity


子曰詩云

The master spoke; the Classic of Poetry said

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ yn³⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ jœːk̚² siː⁵⁵ wɐn²¹/

/t͡siː³⁵ jyːt̚² siː⁵⁵ wɐn²¹/

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ yn³⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ jœːk̚² siː⁵⁵ wɐn²¹/

/t͡siː³⁵ jyːt̚² siː⁵⁵ wɐn²¹/


十三經

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² saːm⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sip̚⁴⁻³² sam⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sip̚²⁴⁻² sam³³ kiɪŋ³³/

/sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ sam⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sip̚⁴⁻³² sam⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sip̚⁴⁻³² sam⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² saːm⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sip̚⁴⁻³² sam⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sip̚²⁴⁻² sam³³ kiɪŋ³³/

/sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ sam⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sip̚⁴⁻³² sam⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sip̚⁴⁻³² sam⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

Thirteen Classics (thirteen classics of Confucian tradition)


孔孟之道

ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄇㄥˋ ㄓ ㄉㄠˋ

Кунмэн чжи дао

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/hʊŋ³⁵ maːŋ²² t͡siː⁵⁵ tou̯²²/

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/hʊŋ³⁵ maːŋ²² t͡siː⁵⁵ tou̯²²/

the doctrines of Confucius and Mencius; Confucianism


今文

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ wən³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ wən³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

Han dynasty Confucian classics written in clerical script


四書學

/sz̩⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/sei̯³³ syː⁵⁵ hɔːk̚²/

/sz̩⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/sei̯³³ syː⁵⁵ hɔːk̚²/

study of the Four Books (Chinese classic texts illustrating the core value and belief systems in Confucianism)


禮教

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/lɐi̯¹³ kaːu̯³³/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/lɐi̯¹³ kaːu̯³³/

teaching of Confucian rites and propriety


孝經

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/haːu̯³³ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/haːu̯³³ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

Classic of Filial Piety (Confucian treatise)


櫺星門

ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄇㄣˊ

/liŋ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/liŋ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

a type of gate used in the construction of Confucian temples


五倫

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (五倫):
* → Japanese: 五倫(ごりん) (gorin)
* → Korean: 오륜(五倫) (oryun)
* → Vietnamese: ngũ luân (五倫)

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ lɵn²¹/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun¹³/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun²³/

/ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun²⁴/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ lɵn²¹/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun¹³/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun²³/

/ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun²⁴/

五倫文化

五伦文化

(Confucianism) five cardinal relationships


道學

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/tou̯²² hɔːk̚²/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/tou̯²² hɔːk̚²/


禮樂

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/lɐi̯¹³ ŋɔːk̚²/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/lɐi̯¹³ ŋɔːk̚²/

age of rites and music (i.e. the Zhou dynasty, especially Western Zhou)

禮樂時代

礼乐时代

(historical, Confucianism) rites and music


宋明理學

ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

Сунмин Лисюэ

/sʊŋ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/sʊŋ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/


孝情

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵/


盡孝

/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sɵn²² haːu̯³³/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sɵn²² haːu̯³³/

to observe filial piety; to take on filial duties


仁道

/ʐən³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʐən³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(literary, Confucianism) the way of benevolence


無為而治

ㄨˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄦˊ ㄓˋ

/u³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/u³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

Although this idea is most commonly associated with Taoism, the exact wording first appeared in Confucian text. From the Analects, Book 15 (《論語·衞靈公》):
:
The earliest appearance in Taoist texts is worded differently. From Tao Te Ching, Chapter 57

The Master said, "May not Shun be instanced as having governed efficiently without exertion? What did he do? He did nothing but gravely and reverently occupy his royal seat."

The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Zǐyuē: “Wúwèi ér zhì zhě, qí Shùn yě yú! Fú héwéi zāi? Gōng jǐ zhèng nánmiàn éryǐ yǐ.”

子曰：「無為而治者，其舜也與！夫何為哉？恭己正南面而已矣。」

子曰：「无为而治者，其舜也与！夫何为哉？恭己正南面而已矣。」

Therefore a sage has said, 'I will do nothing (of purpose), and the people will be transformed of themselves; I will be fond of keeping still, and the people will of themselves become correct. I will take no trouble about it, and the people will of themselves become rich; I will manifest no ambition, and the people will of themselves attain to the primitive simplicity.'

Tao Te Ching, 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Gù shèngrén yún: wǒ wúwéi, ér mín zì huà; wǒ hào jìng, ér mín zì zhèng; wǒ wúshì, ér mín zì fù; wǒ wúyù, ér mín zì pǔ.

故聖人云：我無為，而民自化；我好靜，而民自正；我無事，而民自富；我無欲，而民自樸。

故圣人云：我无为，而民自化；我好静，而民自正；我无事，而民自富；我无欲，而民自朴。

(Confucianism) to govern by rule of virtue


經師

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

(literary, Confucianism) Confucian classics teacher


道統

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tou̯²² tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tou̯²² tʰʊŋ³⁵/

Confucian orthodoxy; the Confucian doctrine passed down over generations


石經

Sino-Xenic (石經):
* → Japanese: 石経(せっけい) (sekkei)
* → Korean: 석경(石經) (seokgyeong)

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kɪŋ⁵⁵/


禮經

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/lɐi̯¹³ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/lɐi̯¹³ kɪŋ⁵⁵/


治經

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/


群經

/t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/


綱常

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

(Confucianism) Short for 三綱五常／三纲五常 (sāngāngwǔcháng).


三綱五常

ㄙㄢ ㄍㄤ ㄨˇ ㄔㄤˊ

саньганъучан

/sän⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵ ŋ̍¹³ sœːŋ²¹/

/sän⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵ ŋ̍¹³ sœːŋ²¹/

(Confucianism) the three essential relationships (between ruler and subject, father and son, and husband and wife) and five constant virtues (justice, politeness, wisdom, fidelity and benevolence)


宋儒

/sʊŋ⁵¹ ʐu³⁵/

/sʊŋ⁵¹ ʐu³⁵/

Neo-Confucianists of the Song dynasty (as typified by the Cheng–Zhu school)


儒家八派

ㄖㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄅㄚ ㄆㄞˋ

Жуцзя Ба Пай

/ʐu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/ʐu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

the Eight Confucian Factions (eight schools of Confucianism reassembled after Confucius' death by his disciples during the Warring States period)


釋奠

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

Traditionally glossed (e.g. by Zheng Xuan) as 釋菜奠幣 (to make a ritually clean offering of vegetables and ceremoniously lay the treasures of silk), it was specified in the Book of Rites as part of a ritual honouring the 先師, ancient instructors (of war).
:
The association of the school and education with war was once common in proto-feudal China (see Yang, 1965). The term was later used chiefly in the Confucian context as a ceremony honouring Confucius and other sages, without the warlike association.

When the forces return, (they make) the offerings of vegetables and silk at the school (to the ancient instructors of war), and announce (the news of victory) by presenting the captives and the severed ears of the slain.

反，釋奠于學，以訊馘告。

反，释奠于学，以讯馘告。

These days in the rites of shidian offerings were made to Boyu but not to Zisi.

c. 13th century, various editors, A Collection of Conversations of Master Zhu (《朱子語類》)

今釋奠有伯魚而無子思。

今释奠有伯鱼而无子思。

(Confucianism) ceremony honouring Confucius and Confucian sages in schools


行孝

(Hakka) to observe filial piety; to take on filial duties


孔叢子

ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄘㄨㄥˊ ㄗˇ

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ³⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ³⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

The Kong Family Master's Anthology (collection of fictional debates created by Confucius, parts of which were forged in the third century AD by Wang Su)


清學

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔːk̚²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔːk̚²/

(historical, Confucianism) Confucian philosophical movements under the Qing dynasty (1644−1911)


三教

Sino-Xenic (三教):
* → Japanese: 三(さん)教(きょう) (sankyō)
* → Korean: 삼교(三敎) (samgyo)
* → Vietnamese: tam giáo (三教)

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(religion) the Three Teachings: Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism


菽水之歡

ㄕㄨˊ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄓ ㄏㄨㄢ

шушуй чжи хуань

/ʂu³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ xu̯än⁵⁵/

/ʂu³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ xu̯än⁵⁵/

菽水承歡 菽水承歡#Chinese

菽水承欢 菽水承欢#Chinese

Synonym of 菽水承歡／菽水承欢 (shúshuǐ chénghuān)


菽水之養

ㄕㄨˊ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄓ ㄧㄤˇ

шушуй чжи ян

/ʂu³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

菽水承歡 菽水承歡#Chinese

菽水承欢 菽水承欢#Chinese


菽水承歡

ㄕㄨˊ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄔㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄢ

шушуй чэнхуань

/ʂu³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ xu̯än⁵⁵/

/ʂu³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ xu̯än⁵⁵/

children's filial piety to their parents


經解

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


經術

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/


名教

/miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

Confucian ethical code; Confucian teachings on social order and rituals


三教合一

ㄙㄢ ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄧ

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ i⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ kaːu̯³³ hɐp̚² jɐt̚⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ i⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ kaːu̯³³ hɐp̚² jɐt̚⁵/

(religion) the Three Teachings (i.e., Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism) in Chinese culture and religious life, coexisting as syncretism


德禮

/tɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


儒藏

/ʐu³⁵ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹/

/ʐu³⁵ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹/