士

(music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note low la (6̣).


乙

(music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note ti (7).

(music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note low ti (7̣).


一

(music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note low ti (7̣).


亿

From 亻 (denoting one octave higher in Kunqu) + 乙 (yǐ).

(music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note high ti (7̇).


亿

From 亻 (denoting one octave lower in Cantonese opera) + 乙 (ji¹, ji⁶).

(music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note an octave below low ti (7̣̣).


六

(music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note sol (5).

(music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note sol (5).


五

(music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note la (6).

(music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note la (6).


四

Numbers in Chinese culture#Four
Qin dynasty
Spring and Autumn period
Western Zhou

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (四):
* → Japanese: 四(し) (shi)
* → Korean: 사(四) (sa)
* → Vietnamese: tứ (四)

Wutunhua: se

desctree

→ Proto-Tai: *siːᴮ (“four”)
Northern Tai
Bouyei: sis
Tai Do: xì
Zhuang: seiq
Central Tai
Nong Zhuang: siq
Nùng: slỉ
Tày: slí
Proto-Southwestern Tai: *siːᴮ
Thai: สี่ (sìi)
Northern Thai: ᩈᩦ᩵
Lao: ສີ່ (sī)
Phake: ꩬီ (sī)
Lü: ᦉᦲᧈ (ṡii¹)
Tai Dam: ꪎꪲ꪿
Shan: သီႇ (sìi)
Tai Laing: ꩬီ
Tai Nüa: ᥔᥤᥱ (sǐ)
Khamti: ꩬီ
Ahom: 𑜏𑜣 (sī)
Aiton: ꩬီ (sī)

→ Vietnamese: tư (“four”)

The word "four" was written as 亖 (sì) before Western Zhou and 四 (sì) appeared in late Spring and Autumn period. This alternative form was used to prevent confusion of 亖 (sì) and 二 (“two”) or 三 (“three”) in vertical writing. It was standardized in Qin dynasty.
The bronzeware style of the character featured a repositioning of those four lines inside 口 (kǒu); this later evolved into the combination used today of 口 (kǒu, “mouth”) and 八 (bā, “divide”) which meant a dispersal of breath. It could thus be said that four is a borrowed meaning for this character. The original sense is preserved in 呬 (OC *hrids), by adding an extra 口.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ləj.

肆
亖
皿
龱
𠁤
𠃢
𦉭


四

肆
亖
皿
龱
𠁤
𠃢
𦉭

(music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note low la (6̣).


仩

From 亻 (denoting one octave higher in Kunqu) + 上 (shàng).

(music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note high do (1̇).


仩

From 亻 (denoting one octave lower in Cantonese opera) + 上 (saang³).

(music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note low do (1̣).


仮

(music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note low fa (4̣).


仜

From 亻 (denoting one octave higher in Kunqu) + 工 (gōng).

(music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note high mi (3̇).


仜

From 亻 (denoting one octave lower in Cantonese opera) + 工 (gung¹).

(music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note low mi (3̣).


伬

From 亻 (denoting one octave higher in Kunqu) + 尺 (chě).

(music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note high re (2̇).


伬

From 亻 (denoting one octave lower in Cantonese opera) + 尺 (ce², ce¹).

(music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note low re (2̣).


仕

From 亻 (denoting one octave lower in Cantonese opera) + 士 (si⁶).

(music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note an octave below low la (6̣̣).


伍

From 亻 (denoting one octave higher in Kunqu) + 五 (wǔ).

(music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note high la (6̇).


亂

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːns): phonetic 𤔔 (*[r]ˁo[n]-s) + semantic 乚. The left-side component 𤔔 is itself ideogrammatic, depicting the effort to comb a tangle of threads, hence the semantic link to order and disorder.
Area word of Austroasiatic origin. Compare Khmer ប្រួល (pruəl, “changing; unstable”) < Khmer រួល (ruəl, “to cook; to grill”), and also Khmer កំរោល (kɑmraol, “to go berserk; to become excited”) < Khmer រោល (rool, “to burn; to roast”) (Schuessler, 2007). Burmese ရုန်း (run:, “to struggle, to warp, to cause chaos”) and Tibetan ཁྲལ་ཁྲུལ (khral khrul, “fragments; scattered”) are Austroasiatic loans. Compare also Vietnamese lộn (“to turn the inside out, upside down, to reverse, to return, etc.”) and trộn (“to mix; to blend; to turn upside down”).

cog

乱
乨
乿
𠃶
𠃹
𠃿
𢿢
𢿮
𤕅

The Master said, "When the music master Zhi first entered on his office, the finish of the Guan Ju was magnificent — how it filled the ears!"

The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Zǐyuē: “Shī Zhì zhī shǐ, “Guānjū” zhī luàn, yángyáng hū yíng ěr zāi!”

子曰：「師摯之始，《關雎》之亂，洋洋乎盈耳哉！」

子曰：「师挚之始，《关雎》之乱，洋洋乎盈耳哉！」

(obsolete, literary, music or poetry) coda; finale; conclusion of a piece


佮

From 亻 (denoting one octave lower in Cantonese opera) + 合 (ho⁴).

(music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note an octave below low sol (5̣̣).


升

→ Tocharian B: ṣank


呂

desc

→ English: Lu, Lü, Lui, Lv, Lyu, Loo, Luy, Lou, Lew

Pictogram (象形) of two vertebrae.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ra-t (“bone”) (STEDT).


凡

(music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note fa (4).


咇

甩beat [Cantonese] ― lat¹ bit¹ [Jyutping] ― to be out of sync with the rhythm

(Hong Kong Cantonese, music) beat; rhythm


喵

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 口 + phonetic 苗.

Han compound

Let's learn the cat's cry together. Meow, meow, meow, meow, meow together.

wǒmen yīqǐ xué māo jiào, yīqǐ miāo miāo miāo miāo miāo

我們一起學貓叫，一起喵喵喵喵喵

我们一起学猫叫，一起喵喵喵喵喵

(onomatopoeia) the sound of a cat: meow, mew.


吹

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 口 (“mouth”) + 欠 (“blow”).

^⁜ wind instruments; music performed with wind instruments


嘂

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kiːws): semantic 㗊 + phonetic 丩 (OC *kɯw, *krɯw).

Han compound

(music) ancient wind instrument similar to an ocarina


唱

/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/

/t͡sʰiaŋ²¹³/

/t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/

/t͡sʰiaŋ²¹³/

Characters in the same phonetic series (昌) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjaŋs): semantic 口 + phonetic 昌 (OC *tʰjaŋ).
Same word as 倡 (OC *tʰjaŋs, “to lead; to advocate”). Schuessler (2007), reconstructing the Old Chinese minimally as *k-hlaŋh, considers it to be a Sino-Tibetan word; compare Burmese အချင်း (a.hkyang:, “song, poem”) and perhaps also Proto-Bodo-Garo *lʔəŋ (“to sing”).


上

(music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note do (1).

(music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note do (1).


嘆

(grammar) Short for 嘆詞／叹词 (tàncí, “interjection”).


商

Antares
Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Du Yu
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

Unknown. Possibly an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) depicting placing and burning firewood (辛, here used as an abbreviation of 薪 (“firewood”)) on a pedestal (丙) to worship Antares.
口 was added later when this character started being used for the name of a dynasty.
Traditionally it is considered that 商人 (shāngrén) is so named because this term originally refers to people from Shang dynasty, who tend to do business.
From 賒 (OC *hljaː) plus terminative suffix *-ŋ (Schuessler, 2007). See there for further etymology.

謪
𠘾
𠹧
𠼬
𠾃
𠿧
𡂦
𡃬
𡄚
𡅟
𥫐
𧶜
𧷞
𨝗

Shāng means zhāng 'to expand'; the yin-fluid begins to expand [while] the yang-fuild begins to contract; ….

Ban Gu, The Comprehensive Discussions in the White Tiger Hall, 79 CE, translated based on Tjan Tjoe Som's version

Shāng zhě, zhāng yě, yīnqì kāi zhāng, yángqì shǐ jiàng yě;.......

商者，張也，陰氣開張，陽氣始降也；……。

商者，张也，阴气开张，阳气始降也；……。

(music) the second note in the Chinese pentatonic scale


合

(music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note low sol (5̣).

(music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note low sol (5̣).


嚼

𪚅
噍
𡁻
噭
𥬬
焦
啁

(Taiwanese Hokkien, music, dated) paiban (played by hitting it on one's palm or knee)

(Taiwanese Hokkien, music, dated) sound of a paiban

(Taiwanese Hokkien, music, dated) to play the paiban


塤

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰon): semantic 土 + phonetic 員 (OC *ɢon, *ɢun).

Han compound

(music, historical) egg-shaped flute made of clay or ceramic


反

(music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note fa (4).


品

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (品):
* → Japanese: 品(ひん) (hin); 品(ほん) (hon)
* → Korean: 품(品) (pum)
* → Vietnamese: phẩm (品)

→ Vietnamese: phím (“fret; key”)

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): Triplication of 口, representing various objects. Also occurs in 區.


和

Sino-Xenic (和):
* → Vietnamese: hoà (和)

→ Thai: ฮั้ว (húua)

→ Vietnamese: hùa

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːl, *ɡoːls): phonetic 禾 (OC *ɡoːl) + semantic 口 (“mouth”) – harmony.
; “and; with”
; “Japanese”

Han compound

(music) An ancient mouth organ similar to the sheng, but smaller; no longer used.


和

Classifier for the number of times a dose of traditional Chinese medicine is boiled.


和

和牌


宮

Chinese folk religion
Mazu
Qing conquest of Taiwan
Qing dynasty
ancestor worship

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 宀 + 呂: many rooms under a roof — a mansion.
STEDT compares it with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-jim ~ k-jum (“house”); see there for hypothesized cognates.

Gōng means róng ‘to contain’; hán ‘to hold’; it contains and holds the four seasons

Gōng zhě, róng yě, hán yě, hánróng sìshí zhě yě.

宮者，容也，含也，含容四時者也。

宫者，容也，含也，含容四时者也。

(music) the first note of the Chinese pentatonic scale


尺

(music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note re (2).

(music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note re (2).


弦

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡeːn): semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn).

Han compound

(music) stringed instruments or music played by stringed instruments


徵

Zhǐ means zhǐ ‘to stop’; the yang-fluid has stopped; ….

徵者，止也，陽氣止；……。

征者，止也，阳气止；……。

(music) the fourth tone in the ancient Chinese pentatonic scale, comparable to sol in the Western solfège system


彈

Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːn, *daːns): semantic 弓 + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans).

Han compound

彈琴

弹琴

(music) to play (a stringed musical instrument)


引

Sino-Xenic (引):
* → Vietnamese: dẫn (引)

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 弓 (“bow”) + 丨 (“line”) – the line radical represents a bow string which is pulled.


弄

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 玉 (“jade”) + 廾 (“hands”) – play with a jade artefact using one's hands.
Compared with Khmer លួង (luəng, “to console; to cheer; to coax; to flatter”) < Old Khmer lvaṅ (“to cheer, amuse, entertain, divert”) < Pre-Angkorian Khmer loṅ. The Khmer initial consonant does not agree with Old Chinese; perhaps the Khmer word is a post-Han loan (Schuessler, 2007).

cog

(music) to play (a musical instrument); to perform


工

(music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note mi (3).

(music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note mi (3).


敔

an ancient Chinese percussion instrument in the shape of a wooden tiger with a serrated back, played by running a bamboo whisk across it to mark the endings of musical sections


撚

(music) to press on or lightly pinch in the strings of the pipa to produce a wave-like effect


拍

/pʰaːk̚³⁻³⁵/

/pʰaːk̚³⁻³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰraːɡ): semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).

仙人拍鼓有時錯，跤步踏差啥人無／仙人拍鼓有时错，跤步踏差啥人无

sian-jîn phah kó͘ iú sî chhò, kha-pō͘ ta̍h-chha siáⁿ-lâng bô

拍鼓 [Hokkien] ― phah-kó͘ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to play the drums

to pat; to slap; to clap; to swat; to hit with a flat surface (palm, swatter, etc.)

(Taiwanese Hokkien, music) to play (a percussion instrument)

(Hokkien, music) bamboo clapper for beating time in nanyin (made of two bamboo blocks)

每小節有四拍。

每小节有四拍。


柷

a large wooden box-shaped trough, played with a pestle as a percussion instrument in Chinese ritual music


板

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːnʔ): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan).
Officially adopted as the simplified form of 闆 (etymology 2) in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (《漢字簡化方案》) in 1956.
The same word as 版 (OC *praːnʔ, “plank”). Cognate with Tibetan འཕར ('phar, “panel; small plank”) (Schuessler, 2007), Burmese ပြား (pra:, “flat, pya”) (Hill, 2019, p. 224).

cog

行板

散板

(music) beat; meter; rhythm (in music or Chinese opera)


打

desc

→ Korean: 치다 (chida, “to call (on the telephone)”) (semantic loan)

→ Zhuang: daj

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rteŋʔ, *teːŋʔ): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ).
This post-classical word (its earliest extant attestation is in Shuowen) was pronounced *teŋ in Late Old Chinese, as would be expected from a 丁 phonetic. By the early Ming period, the character had been borrowed (訓讀／训读) for another word (撻) with the same meaning ("to flog, to beat") but a different pronunciation (whence Mandarin tà), without the nasal ending. This may be related to the previous reading, as a dialectal variant. In Mandarin and some other varieties, the new reading became standard; however, derivations of the older pronunciation are still used in other varieties such as Wu and Min Nan, as well as Vietnamese (đánh).
It has been compared to Mizo dêng (“to throw; to fling; to hammer”) and proposed to be from Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Also compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *dah ~ daʔ (“to hit, to meet”), whence Mon ဒး (tɛ̀h, “to hit (a mark), meet with, reach [goal], be correct, apposite, to fit”) and Khmer ទះ (tĕəh, “to slap, to strike”).
The pronunciation da is recorded in 六書故 as 都假切.

cog

to hit (a mark), meet with, reach 􂀿goal􂁀, be correct, apposite, to fit

打鼓

(music) to play (a percussion instrument)

to hit; to strike; to slap; to beat
to play (a percussion instrument)

(opera) A particle used between reduplicated syllables.


柱

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toʔ, *doʔ): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 主 (OC *tjoʔ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *duːŋ (“post; column”) (STEDT). Cognate with 拄 (OC *toʔ, “to support”), as well as Proto-Kuki-Chin *tuŋ-I, *tun-II (“to erect; post; vertical”), Proto-Central Naga *tuŋ (“stem; trunk; post; tree”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

inh

string instrument
string instrument#English

(music) bridge (on a string instrument, such as a guzheng)


歌

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːl): phonetic 哥 (OC *kaːl) + semantic 欠 (“blow”). Specialized form of 哥 (OC *kaːl, “to sing”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gaːr ~ *ga (“to dance; to sing; to leap; to stride”). Cognate with Burmese က (ka., “to dance”).

inh

高歌

My heart is grieved, and I chant and sing.

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

心之憂矣，我歌且謠。

心之忧矣，我歌且谣。

Yǔ jūn gē yī qū, qǐng jūn wèi wǒ cè'ěr tīng.

與君歌一曲，請君爲我側耳聽。

与君歌一曲，请君为我侧耳听。

Clearly not present, but [I] still sing for you, this absentee, from a distance

2022, 馮允謙 [Jay Fung], lyrics by 黃偉文 [Wyman Wong], 給缺席的人唱首歌 [Song for the Absentees]

ming⁴ ming⁴ mei⁶ zoi⁶ zo⁶, dou¹ kap¹ kyut³ zik⁶ dik¹ ze³ go³ nei⁵ jiu⁴ jyun⁵ dei⁶ go¹

明明未在座 都給缺席的這個你遙遠地歌

明明未在座 都给缺席的这个你遥远地歌

歌曲

民歌

Cripple: This song is really interesting.

Chiok Sèng-tàn Ke̍k 祝聖誕劇, part 1, in 台語文數位典藏資料庫 [Digital Archive Database for Written Taiwanese]

跛：這條歌真有意思。

跛：这条歌真有意思。

song; tune (Classifier: 首 m c mn; 支 m c; 闋／阕 m; 隻／只 c w; 條／条 h mn; 塊／块 mn)

I ask that You may allow me to praise You... my whole life would not be enough!

2015, 陳明恩 [Corinna Chamberlain], lyrics by 西伯, 誰被祢揀選

kau⁴ nang⁴ joeng⁶ ngo⁵ go¹... jat¹ sang¹ jat¹ sai³ mei⁶ gau³!

求能讓我歌…一生一世未夠！

求能让我歌…一生一世未够！


淨

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ⁵⁵/

净
浄
㵾
瀞
𩓞
凈
净


瑟

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *smriɡ, *smriɡ): semantic 珡 (“musical instrument”) + phonetic 必 (OC *pliɡ). 珡 has been simplified into the unrelated 玨.

Han compound

(music) the se, an ancient Chinese bridge zither, usually with 25 strings


子

Characters in the same phonetic series (子) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – an image of a baby, with a large head and spread arms. The legs are wrapped in a blanket. Compare with 了, where the arms are wrapped.
The big seal script form is much more elaborate, showing a baby with hair on a head (囟) and arms on the two sides of the body, sitting on a stool (几).
;child
:From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsa ~ za (“child, offspring, relatives; to come forth (as child at birth); to love; loving”).
:Cognate with 字 (OC *zlɯs, “character; letter”), 慈 (OC *zɯ, “loving; kind”), 滋 (OC *ʔsɯ, “to grow, to breed, to propagate, to bring about, to increase”), 孳 (OC *ʔsɯ, *zɯs, “to breed, to propagate”).
;first earthly branch
:In oracle bone and Western Zhou bronze inscriptions, 子 was the sixth earthly branch; the first earthly branch was denoted differently. One of the forms survived in Shuo Wen (𢀇) (Matsumaru, 2015).
:Smith (2011) proposed this character is 甾. Observing that 甾 is closely linked with 緇 "dark, stained", 淄 "murky (water)", 菑 "field cleared by burning" (all pronounced *tsrə), Smith (2011) proposes that initially the first earthly branch 甾 (OC *ts[r]əʔ) denoted the new moon phase and meant "darkened, voided, the darkened stage". Additionally, Smith (2011) proposes that 子 (OC tsəʔ), which originated from a Sino-Tibetan root meaning "to come forth", denoted the moon's "coming forth" stage (i.e. early waning-gibbous phase).
:Sometime in Warring States period, a change occured that 子 became the first earthly branch and 巳 (OC *s-ləʔ) filled the void of the sixth earthly branch (Matsumaru, 2015), "due to phonological closeness (combined with the semantic opacity of the Branch terms at later eras)" (Smith, 2011).
:Association with the rat was possibly arbitrary, analogous to how 辰, the fifth earthly branch, was arbitrarily associated with the dragon (Ferlus, 2013).

och-l

㜽
𡿹
𡐫
𣕓
𰱤
𢀇
𢀈
𠙭
𢀉


磬

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (磬):
* → Japanese: 磬(きょう) (kyō); 磬(けい) (kei)
* → Korean: 경(磬) (gyeong)
* → Vietnamese: khánh (磬)

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 殸 + 石 (“stone”).


琴

→ Burmese: ခင် (hkang)

→ English: qin

→ Thai: ขิม (kǐm) (via Min Nan)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯm): semantic 珡 + phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm).

Han compound

珡
𤦡
𤩟
琹
𨨖
𨪖
𩰔
䦦
𤫍
𨫹
䥅
䥆
𤫒

(music) qin (“Chinese zithers”), referring to any of several traditional Chinese musical instruments, most famously the guqin

口琴 ― kǒuqín ― harmonica

風琴／风琴

馬頭琴／马头琴

(music) collective name for certain musical instruments, usually of string or keyboard types, such as piano, organ, violin, cello, huqin, accordion, harmonica, etc.

三角琴

練琴／练琴 [Cantonese] ― lin⁶ kam⁴ [Jyutping] ― to practise playing the piano

I learned to play the piano for two years.

我學過兩年琴。

我学过两年琴。

(music, specifically) piano (Classifier: 部 c)


瓦

→ Proto-Hmong-Mien: *ŋʷæX (“tile”)

→ Vietnamese: ngói (“tile”)

→ Zhuang: vax (“tile”)

Pictogram (象形) – fired earthenware pottery, or a tile.
Possibly derived from 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls, “to transform”) by eliminating causative devoicing and adding an endoactive rising tone (上聲), literally “that which has transformed (through fire)” (Schuessler, 2007).

(music) Alternative name for 土 (tǔ, “earth”).


竽

(historical) the yu, a wind instrument used in ancient China


篞

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *niːɡ): semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 涅 (OC *niːɡ).

Han compound

(music) ancient medium-sized wind instrument


篪

(historical) bamboo transverse close-ended flute used in Chinese court music


筊

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːwʔ, *ɡreːw): semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 交 (OC *kreːw).


笙

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (笙):
* → Japanese: 笙(しょう) (shō); 笙(そう) (sō)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sreŋ): semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mriŋ (“sound; noise; animal cry”); cognate with 鳴 (OC *mreŋ, “to make a sound”), 鈴 (OC *reːŋ, “bell”), Burmese မြည် (mrany, “to make a sound”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

inh

(music) sheng (a Chinese mouth-blown free reed instrument consisting of vertical pipes)


筑

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuɡ, *duɡ): phonetic 竹 (OC *tuɡ, “bamboo”) + 𢀜 (“to hold”).
Also simplified from 築 (elimination of 木).
; “Guiyang”

Han compound

𥬑
𥬶
𥬾
𥬑
𥬶
𥬾
𣽆
𣵸

The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

Zhì Yì Shuǐ zhīshàng, jì zǔ, qǔ dào, Gāo Jiànlí jí zhú, Jīng Kē hè ér gē, wèi biànzhǐ zhī shēng, shì jiē chuílèi tìqì.

至易水之上，既祖，取道，高漸離擊筑，荊軻和而歌，為變徵之聲，士皆垂淚涕泣。

至易水之上，既祖，取道，高渐离击筑，荆轲和而歌，为变徵之声，士皆垂泪涕泣。

(music) an ancient zither-like instrument


籥

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lowɢ): semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 龠 (OC *lowɢ).

Han compound

I grasp a flute with my left hand; I hold a pheasant's feather in my right hand.

左手執籥、右手秉翟。

左手执籥、右手秉翟。

(archaic) an ancient notched vertical bamboo flute with three or six fingerholes, used in Confucian ritual music and dance


竺

Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːɡ, *tuːɡ, *tuɡ): phonetic 𥫗 (OC *tuɡ) + semantic 二 ― thick.

Han compound

musical instrument
musical instrument#English

(historical, music) Name of an ancient musical instrument.


簫

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɯːw): semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 肅 (OC *sɯwɢ).

Han compound

(music) xiao, a vertical, notched, end-blown bamboo flute used since ancient times in Chinese traditional and classical music

(Cantonese, Northern Min, Eastern Min) transverse flute


箏

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (箏):
* → Japanese: 箏(そう) (sō)
* → Korean: 쟁(箏) (jaeng)
* → Vietnamese: tranh (箏)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsreːŋ): semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ).

Han compound

古箏

古筝


竹

Characters in the same phonetic series (竹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – two bamboo stalks, with leaves. Earlier forms resembled 个 + 个, current form resembles rather ケ + ケ, or 亇 + 亇.
Compare Proto-Tai *b.twuːkᴰ (“bamboo strip for tying or weaving”), whence Thai ตอก (dtɔ̀ɔk, “bamboo strip”).

cog

(music) musical instrument made of bamboo


笛

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːwɢ): semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).
Cognate with 籥 (OC *lowɢ, “bamboo flute”) (Baxter, 1992).


絲

qualifier

see <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">sēricus</i> for descendants of this

→ Ancient Greek: Σήρ (Sḗr, “Chinese; silkworm”)
→ Latin: Sēres
English: Seres
Portuguese: Seres
Spanish: Seres
 (see sēricus for descendants of this)

→ Aramaic:

desc

Classical Syriac: ܫܺܐܪܳܐ (šērā), ܫܺܐܪܳܝܳܐ (šērāyā), ܫܻܝܪܳܝܳܐ (šērāyā, “silk; silk garment”)

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: שִׁירָאָה (šērāʾā), שִּׁירָא (šērā, “silk; silk garment”)

Mandaic: ࡔࡉ࡚ࡓࡀࡉࡀ (/šērāyā/)

→ Arabic: سِيرَاء (sīrāʔ, “a kind of silk garment”)

ሢራይ, ሥራይ, ሤራይ

→ Ge'ez: ሢራይ, ሥራይ, ሤራይ (śiray, śəray, śeray, “silk; silk garment”)

→? Old Korean: 糸利 (*SIli, “thread”)

Middle Korean: 실〯 (sǐl, “id.”)

Korean: 실 (sil, “id.”)

→ Vietnamese: tơ

Obsolete. 皮 is used for SI prefix pico-.

絲竹

丝竹


管

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (管):
* → Japanese: 管(かん) (kan)
* → Korean: 관(管) (gwan)
* → Vietnamese: quản (管)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːnʔ): semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 官 (OC *koːn).

Han compound

(music) a cylindrical double-reed woodwind instrument made of bamboo or wood

(music, by extension) any wind instrument


胡

→ English: Hu, Hoo, Wu, Woo, Oh

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaː): phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ) + semantic ⺼.
; "dewlap"
; "steppe nomads"
; interrogative word ("what; why; how")

阿胡拉·馬茲達

Āhúlā Mǎzīdá

阿胡拉·马兹达

Āhúlā Mǎzīdá

Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China

Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong

(historical) countries and peoples in the Western Regions, including Persia, Daqin, and in Pre-Tang texts, India


生

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 屮 (“bud”) + 一 (“ground”) – sprouting from the ground.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”). Cognate with Burmese ရှင် (hrang, “to live; alive”), Mizo hring (“to bear; to bring forth; to give birth to; green”).
Schuessler (2007) proposes that Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sriŋ is derived from the root *sri (“to exist”) (whence possibly Chinese 體 (OC *r̥ʰiːʔ, “body; shape; form”)) + *-ŋ (terminative suffix).
Both level tone and falling tone readings are found in Middle Chinese, but the latter has since been lost and is merged into the level-tone reading in modern dialects.
Related to 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “blue-green”), 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ, “dark blue; deep green”).
Derivatives: 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature; character; personality; quality”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “family name”).
Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese is *sraeng, but it comes from an earlier *srjaeng, as seen in Wang Renxu's edition of the Qieyun.

och-l

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


生

(music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note high do (1̇).


羽

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (羽):
* → Japanese: 羽(う) (u)
* → Korean: 우(羽) (u)
* → Vietnamese: vũ (羽)

Pictogram (象形): wings or feathers.
Either from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-grwa (“feather”), whence Tibetan སྒྲོ (sgro, “large feather”) (Coblin, 1986; Gong Hwang-cherng, 2002; STEDT), or *w(a/u) (“bird; egg; wing; fowl”) (Matisoff, 2000; Schuessler, 2007; Sagart, 2021b; STEDT).

Yǔ means yū ‘to twist’; the yin-fluid is above, the yang-fluid is below; […] .

Yǔ zhě, yū yě, yīnqì zàishàng, yángqì zàixià;.......

羽者，紆也，陰氣在上，陽氣在下；……。

羽者，纡也，阴气在上，阳气在下；……。

(music) fifth note in the Chinese pentatonic scale


號

→ Zhuang: heuh, hauh

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦlaːw, *ɦlaːws): phonetic 号 (OC *ɦlaːws) + 虎 (“tiger”).
Originally an ideogram (指事) of a tiger and a line representing its roar. Later forms added 口 (“mouth”) or 言 (“speech”) to emphasize the act of of crying or calling. 号 derives from 口 and the line 丂.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)aw (“to call”) (Schuessler, 2007, STEDT). Compare Kinnauri ku, Anong go, and Burmese ခေါ် (hkau). The extension of the meaning ‘shout, call’ to ‘ask, request’ is parallel to 呼 (hū).
Pronunciation 1 is the exopassive derivation of pronunciation 2, literally "what is called".


譜

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːʔ): semantic 言 (“sound”) + phonetic 普 (OC *pʰaːʔ).


調

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dɯːw, *dɯːws, *tɯw): semantic 言 + phonetic 周 (OC *tjɯw).

Han compound

(music) to tune; to play (an instrument)


調

/ti̯aʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/ti̯aʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

A調

A调

徵調曲

征调曲


解

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 角 (“horn”) + 刀 (“knife”) + 牛 (“cow”) – a knife separates a horn from a cow, i.e. “cut up (an ox)”.
Three pronunciations are cognate. "To loosen; to disengage" > "idle, lazy, remiss". Cognate with 懈 (OC *kreːs, “lazy, remiss”) and possibly 邂逅 (OC *ɡreːs ɡoːs, “carefree and happy”).
? Area stem: *C-re. Compare Burmese ဖြေ (hpre, “to untie; to answer; to ease; to absolve”), အဖြေ (a.hpre, “answer, solution; response; explication”); Khmer រាយ (riəy, “to scatter, to be divided up, to separate”), ស្រាយ (sraay, “to untie, to undo, to explain, to solve”).

cog

With a work such like this, another piece should be played to complete it, so that the music finds its fullest expression.

Taiping Yulan (Readings of the Taiping Era), 977 – 983 CE

Fú qǔ yǒurú cǐ, dāng yǐ tāqǔ xiè zhī, fāngkě jìn qí shēng yǐ.

夫曲有如此，當以他曲解之，方可盡其聲矣。

夫曲有如此，当以他曲解之，方可尽其声矣。

(dated, music) to conclude a piece; to complete


軸

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯwɢ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): semantic 車 (“cart, carriage”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw, “to pass through”) — the axle that passes through a cartwheel.

Han compound

(theater, opera) last item on a theatrical performance


越

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷaːd, *ɢʷad): semantic 走 (“to walk or run”) + phonetic 戉 (OC *ɢʷad) — to go over; to cross.
; “to go over; to surpass; to overstep; to turn”
: Related to 𨒋 (“to go over”), 䟠 (“to go beyond; to transgress”) (Wang, 1982) and perhaps 于 (OC *ɢʷa, “to go”) (Schuessler, 2007).
; “modal particle”
; “Yue; Viet; State of Yue”
: This is a general name for numerous indigenous tribes in ancient southern China, which are collectively called Baiyue. The ancient State of Yue during the Zhou dynasty of China was initially written as 戉 (OC *ɢʷad, “large battle-axe”) — alternatively written as 𫑛 — and it is commonly believed the name Yue originates from this instrument, which was widely found in neolithic cultures of southeastern China and served as a symbol of authority and royalty.
: See 戉 (OC *ɢʷad) for more on the etymology.

Han compound

(music) small hole at the bottom of a se, a traditional Chinese musical instrument


角

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (角):
* → Japanese: 角(かく) (kaku)
* → Korean: 각(角) (gak)
* → Vietnamese: giác (角)

→ Khmer: កាក់ (kak)
→ English: kak

→ Thai: กั๊ก (gák)

→ Vietnamese: góc

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/

Characters in the same phonetic series (角) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – a horn. A conservative version is 𧢲.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krəw (“horn; angle; corner”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan རྭ (rwa, “horn”), Garo grong (“horn”), Jingpho nrung (“horn”), Chepang रोङः (roŋʔ, “horn”), 觡 (OC *kraːɡ, “antler”). The Tibeto-Burman *-ŋ final variant is reflected in 觥 (OC *kʷraːŋ, “drinking vessel made from animal horn”) (Schuessler, 2007). Possibly also related to 鹿 (OC *b·roːɡ, “deer”) (Sagart, 1999).
A derivative is 餃 (“stuffed dumpling”), named for its horn-like shape (Norman, 1988).
It is probably unrelated with Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂nós (“horn”) ( < *ḱerh₂- (“horn”)) and Proto-Semitic *ḳarn- (“horn”) despite the phonological and semantic resemblance between the three.

och-l

Why is the note called jué? Jué means yuè ‘to leap’' the yang-fluid stirs and leaps; …

Suǒyǐ míng zhī wèi jué zhě? Yuè yě, yángqì dòngyuè;.......

所以名之為角者？躍也，陽氣動躍；……。

所以名之为角者？跃也，阳气动跃；……。

(music) third note in the Chinese pentatonic scale, or mi


鍂

(historical) an ancient musical instrument, or a class of musical instruments


錚

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰreːŋ): semantic 金 + phonetic 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ).

Han compound

alt. forms: 鉦／钲 (zhēng)

(historical) an ancient type of percussion instrument, made of copper, bell-shaped, and narrow, used to pace the marching of armies


鏞

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loŋ): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 庸 (OC *loŋ).
(The pen name of Jin Yong, one of the most influential modern Chinese-language novelists, is created by the decomposition from 鏞 to 金 and 庸.)


錞

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵/

(historical) bronze bell-like cylindrical percussion instrument with a tiger or other animal-shaped handle, often used in conjunction with drums to command troops in war


鍵

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡran, *ɡranʔ, *ɡanʔ): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 建 (OC *kans) – a metal key.

Han compound

琴鍵

琴键

(music) key (lever on a musical keyboard)


轉

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tonʔ, *tons): semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon).
Possibly related to:
* Old Tibetan འདྲུལ ('drul, “to transmit; to communicate”) (Schuessler, 2007), or
* Tibetan སྲུལ (srul, “to move to and fro; to stir”), Burmese ရွေ့ (rwe., “to move; to be displaced”), ရွှေ့ (hrwe., “to move or shift something”) (Starostin).
An allofam is perhaps *don (“round”). Compare Vietnamese tròn (“round; circle; entire; whole”), trọn (“fully; completely; all”), as well as the following Chinese words:
* 團 (OC *doːn, “ball; circle; lump”),
* 摶 (OC *doːn, *doːn, *donʔ, “to roll up into a ball”).
Derivative: 傳 (OC *tons, *don, *dons, “to relay; to pass on; to transfer; relay station; biography; record”).

och-l

转
返
转
转
转
撙
捘

78轉黑膠

78转黑胶


鐃

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rŋaːw): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).


鑾

desc

→ Thai: พรวน (pruuan, “bell tied around the neck of an animal”)


鐸

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːɡ): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː).

Han compound

(historical) large bronze bell with a wooden or bronze clapper and a long handle, used for war and to announce proclamations


鈴

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (鈴):
* → Japanese: 鈴(れい) (rei); 鈴(りん) (rin)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ): semantic 金 + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mriŋ (“sound; noise; animal cry”); cognate with 鳴 (OC *mreŋ, “to make a sound”), 笙 (OC *sreŋ), Burmese မြည် (mrany, “to make a sound”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).


階

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (階):
* → Japanese: 階(かい) (kai)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kriːl): semantic 阝 + phonetic 皆 (OC *kriːl).

Han compound

五聲音階

五声音阶


韶

(～州) (historical) Shao (a former prefecture of Guangdong, China)


降

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (降):
* → Vietnamese: giáng (降)

* Mandarin
*: (Standard)
*::(Pinyin): jiàng (jiang⁴)
*::(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤˋ
*: (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiang⁴
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gong³
* Gan (Wiktionary): gong⁴
* Hakka
*: (Sixian, PFS): kong / kiung
*: (Meixian, Guangdong): gong⁴
* Northern Min (KCR): go̿ng
* Eastern Min (BUC): gáung
* Southern Min
*: (Hokkien, POJ): kàng
*: (Teochew, Peng'im): gang³
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵kaon
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jian⁴
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)⁺
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiàng
*** Wade–Giles: chiang⁴
*** Yale: jyàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianq
*** Palladius: цзян (czjan)
*** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: jiang⁴
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giang
*** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gong³
*** Yale: gong
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gong³
*** Guangdong Romanization: gong³
*** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /kɔːŋ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: gong⁴
*** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /kɔŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kong / kiung
*** Hakka Romanization System: gong / giung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gong⁴ / giung⁴
*** Sinological IPA: /koŋ⁵⁵/, /ki̯uŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gong⁴
*** Sinological IPA: /kɔŋ⁵³/
Note:
*kiung - only in the sense “to give birth”;
*kong - all other senses.
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: go̿ng
*** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /kɔŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gáung
*** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /kɑuŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàng
*** Tâi-lô: kàng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kaxng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kaŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kaŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kaŋ¹¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gang³
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kàng
*** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /kaŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: ⁵kaon
*** MiniDict: kaon^去
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²kaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɑ̃³⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: jian⁴
*** Sinological IPA ⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /t͡ɕi̯æn⁴⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kaewngH
* Old Chinese
*: (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤruŋ-s/
*: (Zhengzhang): /*kruːŋs/

zh-pron

kiung - only in the sense “to give birth”; kong - all other senses

降A大調

降A大调


阮

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (阮):
* → Vietnamese: Nguyễn (阮)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋon, *ŋonʔ): semantic 阝 + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon).
; “ruan (musical instrument)”

Han compound

Ruan Ji (one of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove)

阮籍

(historical) state of Ruan (a small state during the Shang Dynasty)

ruan (a Chinese long-necked fretted round-bodied plucked lute)


響

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaŋʔ): phonetic 鄉 (OC *qʰaŋ) + semantic 音 (“sound”).

Han compound

响
𩐢
㗽
𥖡
𧬰
𪢞
窨
𬳧
响
响
向


龣

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːɡ, *roːɡ): semantic 龠 + phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ).

Han compound

(music) third note in the Chinese pentatonic scale or mi

An ancient musical instrument used in the army.


龠

Pictogram (象形) – a woodwind instrument. In the bronze inscriptions, 亼 (a flipped 口) was added to show a mouth playing the instrument.
Shuowen interprets it as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 品 + 侖.

yue (a Chinese musical instrument consisting of a bamboo tube that has three or other numbers of holes)


鼓

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (鼓):
* → Japanese: 鼓(こ) (ko)
* → Korean: 고(鼓) (go)
* → Vietnamese: cổ (鼓)

Wutunhua: guu

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 壴 (“drum”) + 支 (“hand holding drumstick”).
Area word; compare Proto-Tai *klɔŋᴬ (“drum”), Saek [script needed] (tlɔɔŋᴬ¹), Proto-Hlai *laŋ¹ (“drum”), Proto-Wa (*kloʔ, "bronze-drum") (Schuessler, 2007).
瞽 (OC *kʷaːʔ, “blind man; musician”) is a derivative.

Han compound

鼔
皷
𡔷
𪔐
𪔨
𪔎
𩉨
𩉲
𩉩
𩊉

鼓手

His bells ring out k'in k'in;
His lutes, large and small, give their notes;
The tones of his organs and sounding stones are in unison.

Gǔ zhōng qīn qīn, gǔ sè gǔ qín. Shēng qìng tóngyīn.

鼓鐘欽欽，鼓瑟鼓琴。笙磬同音。

鼓钟钦钦，鼓瑟鼓琴。笙磬同音。

(literary) to play; to perform; to sound (a musical instrument)


音

Characters in the same phonetic series (音) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogram (指事): 言 (“word”) with something in 口 (“mouth”) written like 甘 – sound comes from the mouth. The vertical trait, that used to represent the body of the tongue, then disappeared as in 言.

Han etyl

音障


音階

/in⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/jɐm⁵⁵ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² kai⁴⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² kai⁴⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ kai⁴⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ kai⁴⁴/

/in⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/jɐm⁵⁵ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² kai⁴⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² kai⁴⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ kai⁴⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ kai⁴⁴/


解決

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/kaːi̯³⁵ kʰyːt̚³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/kaːi̯³⁵ kʰyːt̚³/


吉他

→ Zhuang: gizdah

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰä³/

/kɐt̚⁵ tʰaː⁵⁵/

/ɡi¹¹⁻⁵³ ta¹¹/

/ɡi²¹⁻⁴¹ ta²¹/

/ɡi(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ taʔ³²/

/ɡi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ taʔ³²/

/kik̚²⁻⁴ tʰa³³/

/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ ta⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰä³/

/kɐt̚⁵ tʰaː⁵⁵/

/ɡi¹¹⁻⁵³ ta¹¹/

/ɡi²¹⁻⁴¹ ta²¹/

/ɡi(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ taʔ³²/

/ɡi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ taʔ³²/

/kik̚²⁻⁴ tʰa³³/

/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ ta⁴⁴/

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (kithárā)bor.
Aramaic קיתראbor.
Arabic قِيثَارَة (qīṯāra)bor.
Old Spanish guitarra
Spanish guitarrabor.
English guitarbor.
Chinese 吉他 (jítā)
Borrowed from English guitar. For Taiwanese Hakka and Min Nan, via Japanese ギター (gitā).

etymon

彈吉他／弹吉他

吉他獨奏／吉他独奏


足音

/t͡sʊk̚⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊk̚⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/


一度

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ tu⁵¹/

/it̚³²⁻⁵ tɔ²²/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ²²/

/it̚⁵⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹/

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ tu⁵¹/

/it̚³²⁻⁵ tɔ²²/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ²²/

/it̚⁵⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹/


管子

desc

→ Mongolian: ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠨᠵᠠ (ɣuwanǰa), гуанз (guanz)

/ku̯än²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/ku̯än²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/ku̯än²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku̯än²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


小S

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯³⁵ sə³/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯³⁵ sə³/

Dee Hsu (a Taiwanese singer and actress)


大S

/tä⁵¹ ˀaɪ̯³⁵ sə³/

/tä⁵¹ ˀaɪ̯³⁵ sə³/

Barbie Hsu (a Taiwanese singer and actress)


絲竹

/sz̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚⁵/

/sz̩⁵⁵ t͡soʔ²¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚⁵/

/sz̩⁵⁵ t͡soʔ²¹/

絲 ("silk," referring to string instruments, which formerly had strings made of twisted silk) + 竹 ("bamboo," referring to woodwind instruments, which were typically made of bamboo).


管弦

/ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kuan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiɛn²⁴/

/ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kuan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiɛn²⁴/

Short for 管樂／管乐 (guǎnyuè) + 弦樂／弦乐 (xiányuè).


三味線

/sän⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sän⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 三味線 (shamisen).

obor

stringed instrument
stringed instrument#English

shamisen (Japanese three-stringed instrument)


歌手

/kɤ⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔː⁵⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/kua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/ko³³⁻²³ t͡sʰiu⁵²/

/kɤ⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔː⁵⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/kua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/ko³³⁻²³ t͡sʰiu⁵²/

說唱歌手

说唱歌手

a singer whose voice is unique and easily identifiable

辨識度高的歌手

辨识度高的歌手

The songs this singer sings are fantastic!

這位歌手唱的歌很好聽！

这位歌手唱的歌很好听！

His little brother is a popular young local singer.

Tā dìdi shì wèi xiǎo yǒu míngqì de qīngnián gēshǒu.

他弟弟是位小有名氣的青年歌手。

他弟弟是位小有名气的青年歌手。

singer; vocalist; artist (recording artist)


演奏

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹/

/jiːn³⁵ t͡sɐu̯³³/

/iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sau²¹/

/iɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sau⁴¹/

/iɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sau²¹/

/iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sau¹¹/

/iɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡so⁴¹/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹/

/jiːn³⁵ t͡sɐu̯³³/

/iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sau²¹/

/iɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sau⁴¹/

/iɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sau²¹/

/iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sau¹¹/

/iɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡so⁴¹/

演奏完畢

演奏完毕

to play a musical instrument; to perform music; to give an instrumental performance


登場

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

(opera) to enter the stage or scene; to appear in performance


發燒

/fä⁵⁵ ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/faʔ²⁻⁵⁴ sau¹¹/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ siɤ⁴⁴/

/ɸa̠²⁴ ʂɒu̯³³/

/ɸa̠²⁴ sɒu̯³³/

/fä⁵⁵ ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/faʔ²⁻⁵⁴ sau¹¹/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ siɤ⁴⁴/

/ɸa̠²⁴ ʂɒu̯³³/

/ɸa̠²⁴ sɒu̯³³/

發燒碟

发烧碟

(music) to be of audiophile sound quality


搖滾樂

ㄧㄠˊ ㄍㄨㄣˇ ㄩㄝˋ

/jɑʊ̯³⁵ ku̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/jiːu̯²¹ kʷɐn³⁵ ŋɔːk̚²/

/io²⁴⁻²² kun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

/io²⁴⁻²² kun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡak̚²⁴/

/io¹³⁻²² kun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚¹²¹/

/io²⁴⁻¹¹ kun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

/iɤ²³⁻³³ kun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

/jɑʊ̯³⁵ ku̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/jiːu̯²¹ kʷɐn³⁵ ŋɔːk̚²/

/io²⁴⁻²² kun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

/io²⁴⁻²² kun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡak̚²⁴/

/io¹³⁻²² kun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚¹²¹/

/io²⁴⁻¹¹ kun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

/iɤ²³⁻³³ kun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

From 搖滾／摇滚 (yáogǔn, calque of English rock and roll) + 樂／乐 (yuè, “music”).

zh-m

calque of English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">rock and roll</i>


樂器

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (樂器):
* → Japanese: 楽(がっ)器(き) (gakki)
* → Korean: 악기(樂器) (akgi)
* → Vietnamese: nhạc khí (樂器)

/ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/ŋɔːk̚² hei̯³³/

/ɡak̚⁴⁻³² kʰi²¹/

/ɡak̚²⁴⁻² kʰi⁴¹/

/ɡak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰi²¹/

/ɡak̚⁴⁻³² kʰi¹¹/

/ɡak̚⁴⁻³² kʰi²¹/

/ɡauʔ⁴⁻² kʰhi²¹³/

/ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/ŋɔːk̚² hei̯³³/

/ɡak̚⁴⁻³² kʰi²¹/

/ɡak̚²⁴⁻² kʰi⁴¹/

/ɡak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰi²¹/

/ɡak̚⁴⁻³² kʰi¹¹/

/ɡak̚⁴⁻³² kʰi²¹/

/ɡauʔ⁴⁻² kʰhi²¹³/

樂器的一種

乐器的一种

(countable) musical instrument (Classifier: 件)


貝司

/peɪ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

bass (musical instrument, either double bass or electric bass guitar)


音樂

Sino-Xenic (音樂):
* → Japanese: 音楽(おんがく) (ongaku)
* → Korean: 음악(音樂) (eumak)
* → Vietnamese: âm nhạc (音樂)

→ Zhuang: yinhyoz

/jɐm⁵⁵ ŋɔːk̚²/

/jim³³ ᵑɡɔk̚³²/

/im²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋok̚⁵/

/im⁴⁴ ŋɔk̚⁵/

/iŋ⁵⁵ ŋouʔ⁵/

/im³³ ɡak̚²⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² ɡak̚¹²¹/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² ɡak̚⁴³/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡak̚⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² ɡak̚⁴/

/im³³⁻²³ ɡauʔ⁴/

/im³³⁻²³ ŋauʔ⁴/

/in⁵⁵ ɦiaʔ²¹/

/jɐm⁵⁵ ŋɔːk̚²/

/jim³³ ᵑɡɔk̚³²/

/im²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋok̚⁵/

/im⁴⁴ ŋɔk̚⁵/

/iŋ⁵⁵ ŋouʔ⁵/

/im³³ ɡak̚²⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² ɡak̚¹²¹/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² ɡak̚⁴³/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡak̚⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² ɡak̚⁴/

/im³³⁻²³ ɡauʔ⁴/

/im³³⁻²³ ŋauʔ⁴/

/in⁵⁵ ɦiaʔ²¹/

聽音樂

听音乐

放音樂

放音乐

嘻哈音樂

嘻哈音乐

你喜歡什麼樣的音樂？

你喜欢什么样的音乐？

Do you like to listen to music while doing your homework?

Nǐ xǐhuān biān tīng yīnyuè biān zuò zuòyè ma?

你喜歡邊聽音樂邊做作業嗎？

你喜欢边听音乐边做作业吗？

(countable, uncountable) music (series of sounds organized in time) (Classifier: 首; 段; 曲)


鋼琴

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/kɔːŋ³³ kʰɐm²¹/

/kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kʰim¹¹/

/kɔŋ³³ keiŋ³³/

/kŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ kʰim²⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰim²⁴/

/kŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ kʰim¹³/

/kŋ̍¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰim²⁴/

/kŋ̍²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰim²³/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ d͡ʑin²¹/

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/kɔːŋ³³ kʰɐm²¹/

/kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kʰim¹¹/

/kɔŋ³³ keiŋ³³/

/kŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ kʰim²⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰim²⁴/

/kŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ kʰim¹³/

/kŋ̍¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰim²⁴/

/kŋ̍²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰim²³/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ d͡ʑin²¹/

彈鋼琴

弹钢琴

piano (Classifier: 架 m; 臺／台 m; 部 m c; 座 m c)


胡笳十八拍

Eighteen Stanzas for a Barbarian Reed Leaf Pipe

ㄏㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄕˊ ㄅㄚ ㄆㄞ

хуцзя шиба пай

/xu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ pä⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/

/xu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ pä⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/

Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute (a famous piece of music written by Cai Yan (蔡琰) at the end of the Eastern Han dynasty)


尺八

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵/


專輯

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/t͡syːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐp̚⁵/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰip̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/t͡syːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐp̚⁵/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰip̚³²/

(music) album (on CD, vinyl, etc.) (Classifier: 張／张)


絕對音樂

ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄧㄣ ㄩㄝˋ

цзюэдуй иньюэ

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ in⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/t͡syːt̚² tɵy̯³³ jɐm⁵⁵ ŋɔːk̚²/

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ in⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/t͡syːt̚² tɵy̯³³ jɐm⁵⁵ ŋɔːk̚²/


古琴

Sino-Xenic (古琴):
* → Japanese: 古琴(こきん) (kokin)
* → Korean: 고금(古琴) (gogeum)
* → Vietnamese: cổ cầm (古琴)

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ kʰɐm²¹/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ kʰɐm²¹/

彈古琴

弹古琴

(music) guqin; Chinese seven-stringed zither; qin


古琴

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ kʰɐm²¹/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ kʰɐm²¹/

Alternative name for 古琴臺／古琴台 (Gǔqín Tái).


聲色

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

(formal) beautiful sounds and sights; enticing music and beautiful women; sensual pleasures


鋼琴家

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ³³ kʰɐm²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/kŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ kʰim²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰim²⁴⁻²² ka³³/

/kŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ kʰim¹³⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰim²⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰim²³⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ³³ kʰɐm²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/kŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ kʰim²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰim²⁴⁻²² ka³³/

/kŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ kʰim¹³⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰim²⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰim²³⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/


作曲者

ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄑㄩˇ ㄓㄜˇ

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ kʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ kʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵/


作曲

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ kʰʊk̚⁵/

/t͡souʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kʰøyʔ²⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɔk̚³²/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ kʰʊk̚⁵/

/t͡souʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kʰøyʔ²⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɔk̚³²/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/


作曲

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ kʰʊk̚⁵/

/t͡souʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kʰøyʔ²⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɔk̚³²/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ kʰʊk̚⁵/

/t͡souʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kʰøyʔ²⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɔk̚³²/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/


太鼓

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːi̯³³ kuː³⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːi̯³³ kuː³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 太鼓 (taiko).


作詞家

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ t͡sʰiː²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ t͡sʰiː²¹ kaː⁵⁵/


作詞者

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (作詞者):
* → Japanese: 作詞者(さくししゃ) (sakushisha)
* → Korean: 작사자(作詞者) (jaksaja)

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ t͡sʰiː²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ t͡sʰiː²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵/


調音

/tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/tʰiːu̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/tʰiːu̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/


調音

/tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/tʰiːu̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/tʰiːu̯²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/


木琴

/mu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/mʊk̚² kʰɐm²¹/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² kʰim²⁴/

/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² kʰim²⁴/

/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰim¹³/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² kʰim²⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² kʰim²³/

/mu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/mʊk̚² kʰɐm²¹/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² kʰim²⁴/

/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² kʰim²⁴/

/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰim¹³/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² kʰim²⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² kʰim²³/


胡弓

/xu³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/xu³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/


演奏家

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/jiːn³⁵ t͡sɐu̯³³ kaː⁵⁵/

/jiːn¹³ t͡sɐu̯³³ kaː⁵⁵/

/iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sau²¹⁻⁵³ ka⁴⁴/

/iɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ka³³/

/iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sau²¹⁻⁵³ ka⁴⁴/

/iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sau¹¹⁻⁵³ ka⁴⁴/

/iɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sau²¹⁻⁴¹ ka⁴⁴/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/jiːn³⁵ t͡sɐu̯³³ kaː⁵⁵/

/jiːn¹³ t͡sɐu̯³³ kaː⁵⁵/

/iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sau²¹⁻⁵³ ka⁴⁴/

/iɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ka³³/

/iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sau²¹⁻⁵³ ka⁴⁴/

/iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sau¹¹⁻⁵³ ka⁴⁴/

/iɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sau²¹⁻⁴¹ ka⁴⁴/


演奏者

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiːn³⁵ t͡sɐu̯³³ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/jiːn¹³ t͡sɐu̯³³ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiːn³⁵ t͡sɐu̯³³ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/jiːn¹³ t͡sɐu̯³³ t͡sɛː³⁵/


琵琶

Sino-Xenic (琵琶):
* → Japanese: 琵琶(びわ) (biwa)
* → Korean: 비파(琵琶) (bipa)
* → Vietnamese: tì bà (琵琶)

→ Georgian: ფიფა (pipa)

→ Zhuang: bizbaz

/pʰi³⁵ pʰä³⁵/

/pʰi³⁵ pʰä³/

/pʰei̯²¹ pʰaː²¹/

/pʰei̯²¹ pʰaː²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰi¹¹ pʰa¹¹/

/pi⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βa⁵³/

/pi¹³⁻²² pe¹³/

/pi²⁴⁻¹¹ pe²⁴/

/pi²⁴⁻²² pe²⁴/

/pi²³⁻³³ pe²³/

/ki²⁴⁻²² pe²⁴/

/ɡi²⁴⁻²² pe²⁴/

/kʰi²⁴⁻²² pe²⁴/

/pi¹³⁻²² pɛ¹³/

/pi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pe⁵⁵/

/pʰi³⁵ pʰä³⁵/

/pʰi³⁵ pʰä³/

/pʰei̯²¹ pʰaː²¹/

/pʰei̯²¹ pʰaː²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰi¹¹ pʰa¹¹/

/pi⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βa⁵³/

/pi¹³⁻²² pe¹³/

/pi²⁴⁻¹¹ pe²⁴/

/pi²⁴⁻²² pe²⁴/

/pi²³⁻³³ pe²³/

/ki²⁴⁻²² pe²⁴/

/ɡi²⁴⁻²² pe²⁴/

/kʰi²⁴⁻²² pe²⁴/

/pi¹³⁻²² pɛ¹³/

/pi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pe⁵⁵/

Borrowed from a language in the Western Regions during the Han Dynasty. Compare Persian بربط (barbat, “barbat; lute”), Ancient Greek βάρβιτος (bárbitos, “barbitos; ancient stringed instrument”).
Both characters were initially non-checked-tone characters. Reborrowed during the Tang Dynasty from a source that more closely resembles the modern Persian name of the instrument, both characters were read as if they have checked codas. The original non-checked readings were restored after the Ming Dynasty (bat carving head pipa). Compare the modern checked-tone dialectal readings of 枇杷 (pípá).
Much folk etymology exists surrounding the name origin. The dictionary Shiming [2nd CE] explains the name as 批把 (“slap-grasp”), reflecting the plucking movements while playing the stringed instrument. 琵琶 is also cognate with—and possibly gave rise to the name of (due to the similarity in shape)—枇杷 (pípá, “loquat”), which is also a non-native species.

cog

Yet we called and urged a thousand times before she started toward us,
Still hiding half her face from us behind her pipa.

816, 白居易 (Bai Juyi), 琵琶行 (The Song of the Pipa Player)

Qiānhūwànhuàn shǐ chūlái, yóu bào pípá bàn zhē miàn.

千呼萬喚始出來，猶抱琵琶半遮面。

千呼万唤始出来，犹抱琵琶半遮面。

pipa (plucked Chinese string instrument)

Han Dynasty
Shiming
Tang Dynasty
Western Regions


中胡

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

zhonghu; a bowed string instrument with two strings, used in Chinese music; tuned lower than the erhu


京胡

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ¹³/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ¹³/

jinghu (bowed Chinese string instrument with two strings and with a bamboo body and neck used primarily in Beijing opera)


二胡

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (二胡):
* → Japanese: 二胡(にこ) (niko)
* → Korean: 이호(二胡) (iho)

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/jiː²² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ᵑɡei³² vu²²⁻²²⁵/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ ɔ¹³/

/li²²⁻²¹ ɔ²⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/jiː²² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ᵑɡei³² vu²²⁻²²⁵/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ ɔ¹³/

/li²²⁻²¹ ɔ²⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

erhu (bowed string instrument with two strings, used in traditional and classical Chinese music) (Classifier: 把 m; 個／个 c)


三弦

Sino-Xenic (三弦):
* → Japanese: 三弦(さんげん) (sangen)
* → Korean: 삼현(三弦) (samhyeon)

/sän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑɻ³⁵/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² hiɛn²⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² hiɛn¹³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɛn²⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɛn²³/

/sän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑɻ³⁵/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² hiɛn²⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² hiɛn¹³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɛn²⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɛn²³/

sanxian (fretless lute with three strings used in traditional Chinese music)


錄音

/lʊk̚² jɐm⁵⁵/

/liɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ im⁴⁴/

/liɔk̚²⁴⁻² im³³/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² im⁴⁴/

/liɔk̚⁴³⁻²¹ im⁴⁴/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² im⁴⁴/

/lʊk̚² jɐm⁵⁵/

/liɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ im⁴⁴/

/liɔk̚²⁴⁻² im³³/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² im⁴⁴/

/liɔk̚⁴³⁻²¹ im⁴⁴/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² im⁴⁴/

禁止錄音。

禁止录音。


聲音

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/ʂəŋ²⁴ iŋ⁵¹/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/sɛːŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/saŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ im²⁴/

/sə̃ŋ¹¹ ĩŋ⁴⁵/

/siã⁴⁴⁻²² im⁴⁴/

/siã⁴⁴⁻²² im⁴⁴/

/siã⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴/

/siã⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴/

/sĩã³³⁻²³ im³³/

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/ʂəŋ²⁴ iŋ⁵¹/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/sɛːŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/saŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ im²⁴/

/sə̃ŋ¹¹ ĩŋ⁴⁵/

/siã⁴⁴⁻²² im⁴⁴/

/siã⁴⁴⁻²² im⁴⁴/

/siã⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴/

/siã⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴/

/sĩã³³⁻²³ im³³/

早期電影沒有聲音。

早期电影没有声音。

Tā késòu de shēngyīn hěn dà, xià le wǒ yī tiào.

她咳嗽的聲音很大，嚇了我一跳。

她咳嗽的声音很大，吓了我一跳。


大師

/tä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² siː⁵⁵/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² sɯ³³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² siː⁵⁵/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² sɯ³³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

星雲大師

星云大师

(Buddhism) Great Master (courtesy title used to address a Buddhist monk)


京劇

Sino-Xenic (京劇):
* → Japanese: 京(きょう)劇(げき) (kyōgeki); 京(けい)劇(げき) (keigeki)
* → Korean: 경극(京劇) (gyeonggeuk)
* → Vietnamese: Kinh kịch (京劇)

→ Zhuang: ginghgi

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵¹/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ kʰɛːk̚²/

/kiã³³ kiɔk̚²⁴/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔk̚⁴/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔk̚⁴/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² kiak̚¹²¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵¹/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ kʰɛːk̚²/

/kiã³³ kiɔk̚²⁴/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔk̚⁴/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔk̚⁴/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² kiak̚¹²¹/


二度

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹/


動機

/tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ²² kei̯⁵⁵/

/tʰuŋ⁵⁵ ki²⁴/

/tɔŋ²² ki³³/

/tɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ki⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ki⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ki⁴⁴/

/tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ²² kei̯⁵⁵/

/tʰuŋ⁵⁵ ki²⁴/

/tɔŋ²² ki³³/

/tɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ki⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ki⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ki⁴⁴/

(music) motive; a short melodic passage that is repeated in several parts of a work.


落雷

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ leɪ̯³⁵/

/lɔːk̚² lɵy̯²¹/

/lo(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ lui¹³/

/lɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lui²³/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ leɪ̯³⁵/

/lɔːk̚² lɵy̯²¹/

/lo(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ lui¹³/

/lɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lui²³/


拍子

/pʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/pʰaːk̚³⁻³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/pʰaːk̚³ t͡siː³⁵/

/pʰai¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ t͡si⁴¹/

/pʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/pʰaːk̚³⁻³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/pʰaːk̚³ t͡siː³⁵/

/pʰai¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ t͡si⁴¹/


唱片

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰi̯ɑɻ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹ pʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹ pʰi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ³³ pʰiːn³³⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ pʰiɛn³¹/

/t͡sʰiũ¹¹⁻⁵³ pʰĩ¹¹/

/t͡sʰiũ²¹⁻⁵³ pʰĩ²¹/

/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pʰĩ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiũ²¹⁻⁴¹ pʰĩ²¹/

/t͡sʰiɔ̃²¹⁻⁵³ pʰĩ²¹/

/t͡sʰiɤ²¹⁻⁵³ pʰĩ²¹/

/t͡sʰiaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pʰiaŋ²¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰi̯ɑɻ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹ pʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹ pʰi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ³³ pʰiːn³³⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ pʰiɛn³¹/

/t͡sʰiũ¹¹⁻⁵³ pʰĩ¹¹/

/t͡sʰiũ²¹⁻⁵³ pʰĩ²¹/

/t͡sʰiũ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pʰĩ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiũ²¹⁻⁴¹ pʰĩ²¹/

/t͡sʰiɔ̃²¹⁻⁵³ pʰĩ²¹/

/t͡sʰiɤ²¹⁻⁵³ pʰĩ²¹/

/t͡sʰiaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pʰiaŋ²¹³/

灌唱片


說唱

/ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹/

/syːt̚³ t͡sʰœːŋ³³/

/suat̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/

/suat̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/

/suat̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiũ¹¹/

/suat̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiũ²¹/

/suat̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰiaŋ²¹/

/suat̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰiɔ̃²¹/

/sə(ʔ)⁵ t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/

/səʔ³³ t͡sʰɑ̃⁴⁴/

/ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹/

/syːt̚³ t͡sʰœːŋ³³/

/suat̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/

/suat̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/

/suat̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiũ¹¹/

/suat̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiũ²¹/

/suat̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰiaŋ²¹/

/suat̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰiɔ̃²¹/

/sə(ʔ)⁵ t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/

/səʔ³³ t͡sʰɑ̃⁴⁴/

說唱歌手

说唱歌手


歌詞

/kɤ⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/kɤ⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩ɻ³⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/ko²⁴ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/

/kɤ¹¹ t͡sʰz̩¹¹/

/ko⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ly⁵³/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ su²³/

/kua⁴⁴⁻²² su¹³/

/kua⁴⁴⁻²² su²⁴/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ su²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² su²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² su¹³/

/ko³³⁻²³ sɯ⁵⁵/

/kɤ⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/kɤ⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩ɻ³⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/ko²⁴ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/

/kɤ¹¹ t͡sʰz̩¹¹/

/ko⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ly⁵³/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ su²³/

/kua⁴⁴⁻²² su¹³/

/kua⁴⁴⁻²² su²⁴/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ su²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² su²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² su¹³/

/ko³³⁻²³ sɯ⁵⁵/


鄉村

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/ɕiɑŋ²⁴ t͡sʰuŋ⁵¹/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/hi̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰun²⁴/

/hiũ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/hiũ³³ t͡sʰŋ̍³³/

/hiũ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/hiɔ̃⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/hiɔŋ³³ t͡sʰun³³/

/hiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/hiaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/hĩẽ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰɯŋ³³/

/hĩõ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰɯŋ³³/

/ɕiã⁵⁵ t͡sʰən²¹/

/ɕiã⁴⁴ t͡sʰən⁵³/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/ɕiɑŋ²⁴ t͡sʰuŋ⁵¹/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/hi̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰun²⁴/

/hiũ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/hiũ³³ t͡sʰŋ̍³³/

/hiũ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/hiɔ̃⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/hiɔŋ³³ t͡sʰun³³/

/hiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/hiaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/hĩẽ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰɯŋ³³/

/hĩõ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰɯŋ³³/

/ɕiã⁵⁵ t͡sʰən²¹/

/ɕiã⁴⁴ t͡sʰən⁵³/


演唱會

ㄧㄢˇ ㄔㄤˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/jiːn³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ³³ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/i̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡soŋ⁵⁵ fi⁵⁵/

/iɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiũ²¹⁻⁴¹ hue³³/

/iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiũ¹¹⁻⁵³ hue³³/

/iŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hue³⁵/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/jiːn³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ³³ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/i̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡soŋ⁵⁵ fi⁵⁵/

/iɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiũ²¹⁻⁴¹ hue³³/

/iɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiũ¹¹⁻⁵³ hue³³/

/iŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hue³⁵/


雅樂

Sino-Xenic (雅樂):
* → Japanese: 雅(が)楽(がく) (gagaku)
* → Korean: 아악(雅樂) (aak)
* → Vietnamese: nhã nhạc (雅樂)

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/ŋaː¹³ ŋɔːk̚²/

/ŋã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

/ŋã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡak̚²⁴/

/ŋã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚¹²¹/

/ŋã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

/ŋã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/ŋaː¹³ ŋɔːk̚²/

/ŋã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

/ŋã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡak̚²⁴/

/ŋã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚¹²¹/

/ŋã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

/ŋã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

(music) yayue (ancient court ritual music of China); or any of its forms transmitted to neighbouring countries (Japanese gagaku, etc.)


鳴金

/miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

In ancient Chinese warfare, the gong was used in much the same way as a bugle in recent times.

(archaic) to bang the gongs (the signal to attack or retreat)


金鼓

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐm⁵⁵ kuː³⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐm⁵⁵ kuː³⁵/

In ancient Chinese warfare, the signal for advancing was the beating of a drum (擊鼓), whereas the signal for recalling the troops was the sounding of the gongs (鳴金).

(literary) gongs and drums (used for signaling the troops in ancient warfare)


擂鼓

/leɪ̯³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵy̯²¹ kuː³⁵/

/leɪ̯³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵy̯²¹ kuː³⁵/

/lui²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/lui²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

/lui²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/lui²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

(～鎮) Leigu (a town in Zhushan, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


指揮

Sino-Xenic (指揮):
* → Japanese: 指揮(しき) (shiki)
* → Korean: 지휘(指揮) (jihwi)
* → Vietnamese: chỉ huy (指揮)

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ fɐi̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sɨ³¹ fi²⁴/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hui⁴⁴/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hui³³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hui⁴⁴/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hui⁴⁴/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hui⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ fɐi̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sɨ³¹ fi²⁴/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hui⁴⁴/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hui³³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hui⁴⁴/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hui⁴⁴/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hui⁴⁴/

(music) conductor (person who conducts music ensembles)


爵士

Phono-semantic matching of English jazz via Shanghainese.

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sœːk̚³ siː²²/

/t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ su²²/

/t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ su³³/

/t͡siɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ²²/

/t͡ɕiaʔ³³ zz̩⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sœːk̚³ siː²²/

/t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ su²²/

/t͡siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ su³³/

/t͡siɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ²²/

/t͡ɕiaʔ³³ zz̩⁴⁴/


民謠

/min³⁵ jɑʊ̯³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ jiːu̯²¹/

/min³⁵ jɑʊ̯³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ jiːu̯²¹/


山口

/ʂän⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːn⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/suã³³ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/ʂän⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːn⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/suã³³ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

(music) nut (small piece at the peghead end of the fingerboard that holds the strings at the proper spacing and, the proper height on traditional Chinese stringed instruments such as pipa and sanxian)

(music) blowing aperture (on the xiao, the Chinese vertical bamboo flute)


朋克

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/


八音

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ im⁴⁴/

/pat̚⁵⁻²⁴ im³³/

/pat̚³²⁻⁵ im⁴⁴/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ im⁴⁴/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ im⁴⁴/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ im⁴⁴/

/pat̚⁵⁻²⁴ im³³/

/pat̚³²⁻⁵ im⁴⁴/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ im⁴⁴/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ im⁴⁴/

(music) an ancient Chinese system of classifying musical instruments into eight materials

(music) any one of a variety of genres of traditional instrumental ensemble music, mostly originating in southern China and Taiwan


羯鼓

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

a small Chinese double-headed drum struck with two wooden sticks, adopted from the Central Asian region of Kucha during the Tang Dynasty


篳篥

desc

→ Korean: 피리 (piri, “reed wind instrument”)

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ lɵt̚²/

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ lɵt̚²/

Borrowed from a language in the Western Regions. Compare Khotanese *pīlī (“pipe?”) (as in pīlīrūvī (“clyster-pipe”)).

筚篥
觱篥
觱栗
𥷑篥
箄篥
悲栗
悲篥
悲慄

(music) bili (a cylindrical double reed wind instrument used in the court and ritual music of China since ancient times)


出聲

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʂɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ sɛːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ siã⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ siã³³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ siã⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ siã⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ siã⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ sĩã³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʂɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ sɛːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ siã⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ siã³³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ siã⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ siã⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ siã⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ sĩã³³/


歌曲

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (歌曲):
* → Japanese: 歌曲(かきょく) (kakyoku)
* → Korean: 가곡(歌曲) (gagok)
* → Vietnamese: ca khúc (歌曲)

/kɤ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔː⁵⁵ kʰʊk̚⁵/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/kua⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɔk̚³²/

/ko³³⁻²³ kʰek̚²/

/kɤ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔː⁵⁵ kʰʊk̚⁵/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/kua⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɔk̚³²/

/ko³³⁻²³ kʰek̚²/

熱門歌曲

热门歌曲


旋律

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ ly⁵¹/

/syːn²¹ lɵt̚²⁻³⁵/

/suan¹³⁻²² lut̚¹²¹/

/suaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ luk̚⁴/

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ ly⁵¹/

/syːn²¹ lɵt̚²⁻³⁵/

/suan¹³⁻²² lut̚¹²¹/

/suaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ luk̚⁴/


打擊

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/taː³⁵ kɪk̚⁵/

/tã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/

/tã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/

/tã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiak̚⁵/

/ta⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/

/ta⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/

/ta⁵²⁻³⁵ kʰek̚²/

/tã³³ t͡ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/taː³⁵ kɪk̚⁵/

/tã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/

/tã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/

/tã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiak̚⁵/

/ta⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/

/ta⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/

/ta⁵²⁻³⁵ kʰek̚²/

/tã³³ t͡ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/


打擊

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/taː³⁵ kɪk̚⁵/

/tã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/

/tã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/

/tã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiak̚⁵/

/ta⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/

/ta⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/

/ta⁵²⁻³⁵ kʰek̚²/

/tã³³ t͡ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/taː³⁵ kɪk̚⁵/

/tã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/

/tã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/

/tã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiak̚⁵/

/ta⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/

/ta⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²/

/ta⁵²⁻³⁵ kʰek̚²/

/tã³³ t͡ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

(baseball) bat (a turn at hitting the ball with a bat in a game)


胡笳

/xu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/wuː²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/xu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/wuː²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

(archaic) a kind of reed pipe adopted by the Chinese from nomadic peoples of Central Asia in ancient times and used in military music


堂鼓

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɔːŋ²¹ kuː³⁵/

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɔːŋ²¹ kuː³⁵/

tanggu (medium-sized double-headed barrel drum played with two sticks, used in traditional Chinese music)


巴烏

/paː⁵⁵ wuː⁵⁵/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ vu²⁴/

/paː⁵⁵ wuː⁵⁵/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ vu²⁴/

bawu (a side-blown free reed pipe with finger holes originally from the Yunnan province of southwest China)


爵士鼓

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sœːk̚³ siː²² kuː³⁵/

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sœːk̚³ siː²² kuː³⁵/


高胡

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

gaohu (two-stringed vertical fiddle in the huqin family, used primarily in traditional Cantonese music as well as in the modern Chinese orchestra) (Classifier: 把)


柳琴

/li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/lɐu̯¹³ kʰɐm²¹/

/li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/lɐu̯¹³ kʰɐm²¹/

From 柳葉琴／柳叶琴 (liǔyèqín), the instrument's original name, meaning "willow-leaf-(shaped) stringed instrument".

zh-l

柳葉琴／柳叶琴 (liǔyèqín)

a small plucked, fretted lute with a pear-shaped body and four strings, used in Chinese traditional and classical music


亂彈

/lu̯än⁵¹ tʰän³⁵/

/lan²²⁻²¹ tʰan²⁴/

/lan⁴¹⁻²² tʰan²⁴/

/lan²²⁻²¹ tʰan¹³/

/lan³³⁻¹¹ tʰan²⁴/

/lan³³⁻²¹ tʰan²³/

/lõ²¹⁻¹¹ tan¹³/

/lu̯än⁵¹ tʰän³⁵/

/lan²²⁻²¹ tʰan²⁴/

/lan⁴¹⁻²² tʰan²⁴/

/lan²²⁻²¹ tʰan¹³/

/lan³³⁻¹¹ tʰan²⁴/

/lan³³⁻²¹ tʰan²³/

/lõ²¹⁻¹¹ tan¹³/

An originally derogatory term referring to the tuning system of seven equal divisions of the octave used by local Chinese opera/theater forms during the Qing Dynasty; this system was regarded by some as inferior to the Pythagorean system of tuning, with its twelve divisions of the octave, which had been used during the Ming Dynasty.

(music) Alternative name for 秦腔 (Qínqiāng, “Qinqiang; Shaanxi opera”).

(Xiang, music) one of the two major types of vocal music in Hunanese opera


口笛

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti³⁵/

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti³⁵/

(music) a very small Chinese flute made from bamboo


梆子

/pɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/pɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/pɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/pɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

(music) wooden clappers (small, rectangular, high-pitched wood block used in Chinese folk music and opera)


口弦

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/


箜篌

/kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ xoʊ̯³⁵/

/hʊŋ⁵⁵ hɐu̯²¹/

/kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ xoʊ̯³⁵/

/hʊŋ⁵⁵ hɐu̯²¹/

In the Records of the Grand Historian 《史記·封禪書》, a fretted zither plucked with a slender stick was attested as the form 空侯 (OC *kʰoːŋ ɡoː) during the reign of the Emperor Wu of Han [111 BCE]. It is uncertain whether the name of the later instruments (angular harp and arched harp) bearing the (orthographically normalised) name 箜篌 (kōnghóu) had inherited from the Han-era one. The name might have originated as transcription of a foreign term from the west.
Compare Sogdian [script needed] (cngryʾ /čangaryā/), [script needed] (cyngryʾ /čingaryā/), both names of this instrument in the Sogdian language, as well as Persian چنگ (čang) and Turkish çeng.

cog

(music, chiefly historical) a term used to refer to one of a number of different plucked string instruments (mostly harps) used in the music of ancient China

Emperor Wu of Han
Records of the Grand Historian


噪音

/t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰou̯³³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/tʰau³³ jim³³⁻³³⁵/

/t͡sau²¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/t͡sau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ im³³/

/t͡sʰo²¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ im⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰo¹¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ im³³/

/t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰou̯³³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/tʰau³³ jim³³⁻³³⁵/

/t͡sau²¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/t͡sau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ im³³/

/t͡sʰo²¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ im⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰo¹¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ im³³/

What do you do if tenants create noise and affect the (area’s) tranquility?

Fángkè rúguǒ zhìzào zàoyīn ér yǐngxiǎng ānníng, zěnmebàn?

房客如果製造噪音而影響安寧，怎麼辦？

房客如果制造噪音而影响安宁，怎么办？


胡琴

/xu³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/wuː²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/ɔ¹³⁻²² kʰim¹³/

/ɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰim²⁴/

/ɔ²³⁻³³ kʰim²³/

/ɦu²² d͡ʑin⁴⁴/

/xu³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/wuː²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/ɔ¹³⁻²² kʰim¹³/

/ɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰim²⁴/

/ɔ²³⁻³³ kʰim²³/

/ɦu²² d͡ʑin⁴⁴/

Zhōngjūn zhìjiǔ yìn guīkè, húqín pípá yǔ qiāngdí.

中軍置酒飲歸客，胡琴琵琶與羌笛。

中军置酒饮归客，胡琴琵琶与羌笛。

(historical) a general term for foreign plucked string instruments of northern or northwestern origin


月琴

/ɥɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/jyːt̚² kʰɐm²¹/

/ŋyɛ⁴² keiŋ²¹/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kʰim²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kʰim²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kʰim²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kʰim²³/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰim¹³/

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ d͡ʑin²³/

/ɦioʔ¹¹ d͡ʑin²³/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/jyːt̚² kʰɐm²¹/

/ŋyɛ⁴² keiŋ²¹/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kʰim²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kʰim²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kʰim²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kʰim²³/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰim¹³/

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ d͡ʑin²³/

/ɦioʔ¹¹ d͡ʑin²³/

yueqin (short-necked fretted plucked lute with a round wooden body, used in the traditional music of China, particularly Beijing opera)

a long-necked fretted plucked lute with a round wooden body and two strings, used in the traditional music of Taiwan


昂揚

/ˀɑŋ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋɔːŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/ɡɔŋ²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡaŋ¹³⁻²² iaŋ¹³/

/ˀɑŋ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋɔːŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/ɡɔŋ²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/ɡaŋ¹³⁻²² iaŋ¹³/


邦哥

/pɑŋ⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/pɑŋ⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/


邦哥鼓

/pɑŋ⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɑŋ⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


板胡

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/paːn³⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/pæ̃⁵³ xu¹¹/

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/paːn³⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/pæ̃⁵³ xu¹¹/

(music) banhu (a bowed string instrument with two strings and a coconut shell body with wooden soundboard)


椰胡

/jɛː²¹ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ia⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hu⁵⁵/

/jɛː²¹ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ia⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hu⁵⁵/

(music) a bowed string instrument with two strings and a coconut shell body; used primarily in the traditional music of southern China and Taiwan


大筒弦

ㄉㄚˋ ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄒㄧㄢˊ

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰʊŋ²¹ jiːn²¹/

/taːi̯²² tʰʊŋ²¹ jyːn²¹/

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰʊŋ²¹ jiːn²¹/

/taːi̯²² tʰʊŋ²¹ jyːn²¹/

(music) a two-stringed vertical fiddle used primarily in Min Nan regions and by the Hakka, in Taiwan and Fujian


奚琴

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/hɐi̯²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/hɐi̯²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

xiqin, an ancient Chinese vertical bowed string instrument with two strings in the huqin family (derived from the Xi people of Northern China)


京二胡

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ jiː²² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ jiː²² wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

jing erhu (a two-stringed bowed instrument in the huqin family similar to the erhu, used along with the jinghu in Beijing opera)


搏拊

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(archaic) small drum hung around the neck and played with both hands


揚琴

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (揚琴):
* → Japanese: 揚琴(ようきん) (yōkin)
* → Korean: 양금(揚琴) (yanggeum)
* → Vietnamese: dương cầm (揚琴)

/jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰim²⁴/

/iɔŋ²³⁻³³ kʰim²³/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/iũ²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰim²⁴/

/iɔŋ²³⁻³³ kʰim²³/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/iũ²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

Originally written as 洋琴 (yángqín), literally "foreign musical instrument".

yangqin (traditional Chinese hammered dulcimer)


喉管

/xoʊ̯³⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xoʊ̯³⁵ ku̯ɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐu̯²¹ kuːn³⁵/

/xoʊ̯³⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xoʊ̯³⁵ ku̯ɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐu̯²¹ kuːn³⁵/

(music) double-reed woodwind instrument made of bamboo, used in Cantonese music


協奏

/ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹/

/hiap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sau²¹/

/ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹/

/hiap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sau²¹/


獨奏

/tu³⁵ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʊk̚² t͡sɐu̯³³/

/tɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sau²¹/

/tɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡sau⁴¹/

/tɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sau²¹/

/tɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sau¹¹/

/tɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡so⁴¹/

/tu³⁵ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʊk̚² t͡sɐu̯³³/

/tɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sau²¹/

/tɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡sau⁴¹/

/tɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sau²¹/

/tɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sau¹¹/

/tɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡so⁴¹/

吉他獨奏

吉他独奏


三重奏

/sän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯³³/

/sän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯³³/


革胡

a four-stringed modernized bass bowed stringed instrument in the huqin family, developed in China in the 20th century; tuned and played like a cello


歌仔戲

/kɤ⁵⁵ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵¹/

/kɤ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵¹/

/kɔː⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵ hei̯³³/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hi¹¹/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁵⁵ hi²¹/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hi²¹/

/kua³³ a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hi⁴¹/

/kua³³ a⁵⁵⁻³⁵ hi³¹/

/kua⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hi²¹/

/kuai⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³⁻²⁴ hi¹²/

/kɤ⁵⁵ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵¹/

/kɤ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵¹/

/kɔː⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵ hei̯³³/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hi¹¹/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁵⁵ hi²¹/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hi²¹/

/kua³³ a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hi⁴¹/

/kua³³ a⁵⁵⁻³⁵ hi³¹/

/kua⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hi²¹/

/kuai⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³⁻²⁴ hi¹²/

Grandpa wants to watch MTV, while Grandma wants to watch Taiwanese opera

2009, 阿公阿嬷的故事, Dancing Queen, Alice Ong (王汶玲)

a-kong beh khòaⁿ MTV, a-má beh khòaⁿ koa-á-hì

阿公欲看MTV，阿媽欲看歌仔戲

阿公欲看MTV，阿妈欲看歌仔戏


琶音

/pʰä³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/pʰaː²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/

/pʰä³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/pʰaː²¹ jɐm⁵⁵/


鼓板

/ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(music) two instruments played together by a single player: a small drum played with a stick in one hand, and a hardwood or bamboo clapper played by the other hand, used to accompany traditional Chinese music


喇叭

Sino-Xenic (喇叭):
* → Japanese: 喇叭(らっぱ) (rappa)
* → Korean: 나발(喇叭) (nabal)

→ Dongxiang: laba

→ Manchu: ᠯᠠᠪᠠ (laba)

/lä²¹⁴ b̥ä⁴/

/lä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵/

/laː³³ paː⁵⁵/

/l̃a³³⁻⁵⁵ ^((pʰ-))βɑ²¹³/

/la⁴⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴/

/la⁴⁴⁻³³ pa⁴⁴/

/la⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ paʔ³²/

/la⁵³⁻⁴⁴ paʔ³²/

/la(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ paʔ³²/

/la²¹⁻⁴¹ pa⁴⁴/

/la¹¹⁻⁵³ pa⁴⁴/

/la⁴⁴⁻³³ paʔ³²/

/lat̚³²⁻⁴ paʔ³²/

/la³³⁻²³ pa⁵⁵/

/laʔ¹¹ paʔ²³/

/lä²¹⁴ b̥ä⁴/

/lä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵/

/laː³³ paː⁵⁵/

/l̃a³³⁻⁵⁵ ^((pʰ-))βɑ²¹³/

/la⁴⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴/

/la⁴⁴⁻³³ pa⁴⁴/

/la⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ paʔ³²/

/la⁵³⁻⁴⁴ paʔ³²/

/la(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ paʔ³²/

/la²¹⁻⁴¹ pa⁴⁴/

/la¹¹⁻⁵³ pa⁴⁴/

/la⁴⁴⁻³³ paʔ³²/

/lat̚³²⁻⁴ paʔ³²/

/la³³⁻²³ pa⁵⁵/

/laʔ¹¹ paʔ²³/

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ (labai, “sea shell; conch; conch trumpet”), in turn borrowed from Early Mandarin 螺貝 (MC lwa pajH, “shell; conch; conch trumpet”).


排鼓

/pʰaɪ̯³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰaːi̯²¹ kuː³⁵/

/pʰaɪ̯³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰaːi̯²¹ kuː³⁵/

a graduated set of tuned drums (generally ranging between three and seven) played with wooden sticks and used in Chinese musical ensembles


葫蘆絲

(music) hulusi (Chinese free-reed wind instrument with three bamboo pipes that pass through a gourd wind chest; originating in Yunnan province)


小號

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/ɕiɔ³³ ɦɔ⁴⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/ɕiɔ³³ ɦɔ⁴⁴/


重奏

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹/

/tiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sau²¹/

/tiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sau⁴¹/

/tiɪŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sau²¹/

/tiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sau¹¹/

/tiɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sau²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹/

/tiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sau²¹/

/tiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sau⁴¹/

/tiɪŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sau²¹/

/tiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sau¹¹/

/tiɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sau²¹/

(music) ensemble of two or more musicians, each playing a separate part


吹奏樂器

ㄔㄨㄟ ㄗㄡˋ ㄩㄝˋ ㄑㄧˋ

чуйцзоу юэци

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/


㗑

(literary) an oboe-like double reed wind instrument made of bamboo, used by the Li people of Hainan, China (similar to a suona)


手鼓

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐu̯³⁵ kuː³⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔ⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔ⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔ⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔ⁴¹/

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐu̯³⁵ kuː³⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔ⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔ⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔ⁵³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔ⁴¹/


低音提琴

ㄉㄧ ㄧㄣ ㄊㄧˊ ㄑㄧㄣˊ

диинь тицинь

/ti⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ tʰi³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/tɐi̯⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵ tʰɐi̯²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

/ti⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ tʰi³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/tɐi̯⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵ tʰɐi̯²¹ kʰɐm²¹/


大提琴

ㄉㄚˋ ㄊㄧˊ ㄑㄧㄣˊ

/tä⁵¹ tʰi³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰɐi̯²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ tʰe²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² tʰe²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ tʰe¹³⁻²² kʰim¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ tʰe²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰim²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ tʰe²³⁻³³ kʰim²³/

/tä⁵¹ tʰi³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰɐi̯²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ tʰe²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² tʰe²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ tʰe¹³⁻²² kʰim¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ tʰe²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰim²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ tʰe²³⁻³³ kʰim²³/


中提琴

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄊㄧˊ ㄑㄧㄣˊ

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰi³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰɐi̯²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰe²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ tʰe²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰe¹³⁻²² kʰim¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰe²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰim²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰe²³⁻³³ kʰim²³/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ di³³ d͡ʑin²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰi³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰɐi̯²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰe²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ tʰe²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰe¹³⁻²² kʰim¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰe²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰim²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰe²³⁻³³ kʰim²³/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ di³³ d͡ʑin²¹/


雲鑼

/yn³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/wɐn²¹ lɔː²¹/

/wɐn²¹ lɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/yn³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/wɐn²¹ lɔː²¹/

/wɐn²¹ lɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

yunluo (a set of tuned flat gongs in a frame, played with a stick; used in traditional Chinese music)


小提琴

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄊㄧˊ ㄑㄧㄣˊ

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ tʰɐi̯²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

/sieu³³⁻³⁵ ^((tʰ-))li⁵³⁻³³ ^((kʰ-))iŋ⁵³/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰe²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe¹³⁻²² kʰim¹³/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰim²⁴/

/siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰe²³⁻³³ kʰim²³/

/ɕiɔ³³ di⁵⁵ d͡ʑin²¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ tʰɐi̯²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰe²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe¹³⁻²² kʰim¹³/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰim²⁴/

/siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰe²³⁻³³ kʰim²³/

/ɕiɔ³³ di⁵⁵ d͡ʑin²¹/

拉小提琴

GT - General Taiwanese (no particular region identified)


十面鑼

ㄕˊ ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ mi̯ɛn⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɐp̚² miːn²² lɔː²¹/

/sɐp̚² miːn²² lɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ mi̯ɛn⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɐp̚² miːn²² lɔː²¹/

/sɐp̚² miːn²² lɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

a traditional yunluo (an ancient Chinese percussion instrument consisting of ten small, flat, tuned gongs suspended in a wooden frame)


古箏

→ English: guzheng

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

guzheng (a long plucked zither used in Chinese traditional and classical music)


協奏曲

ㄒㄧㄝˊ ㄗㄡˋ ㄑㄩˇ

/ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hiːp̚³ t͡sɐu̯³³ kʰʊk̚⁵/

/hiap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sau²¹⁻⁵³ kʰiɔk̚³²/

/hiap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sau¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/hiap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sau²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hiːp̚³ t͡sɐu̯³³ kʰʊk̚⁵/

/hiap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sau²¹⁻⁵³ kʰiɔk̚³²/

/hiap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sau¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/hiap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sau²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰiɪk̚³²/


嗩吶

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴ nä⁴/

/sɔː³⁵ naːp̚²/

/so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lap̚⁴/

/so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lap̚¹²¹/

/so⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lap̚²⁴/

/so⁵²⁻³⁵ nap̚⁴/

/su³³ nəʔ⁴⁴/

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴ nä⁴/

/sɔː³⁵ naːp̚²/

/so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lap̚⁴/

/so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lap̚¹²¹/

/so⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lap̚²⁴/

/so⁵²⁻³⁵ nap̚⁴/

/su³³ nəʔ⁴⁴/

(music) suona (traditional Chinese woodwind instrument)

(music) zurna (traditional Anatolian woodwind instrument)


和聲

/xɤ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔː²¹ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ siã⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ siã⁴⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/xɤ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔː²¹ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ siã⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ siã⁴⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/


提琴

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (提琴):
* → Japanese: 提琴(ていきん) (teikin)

/tʰi³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/tʰɐi̯²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

/tʰe²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/tʰe²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/tʰe¹³⁻²² kʰim¹³/

/tʰe²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰim²⁴/

/tʰe²³⁻³³ kʰim²³/

/tʰi³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/tʰɐi̯²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

/tʰe²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/tʰe²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/tʰe¹³⁻²² kʰim¹³/

/tʰe²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰim²⁴/

/tʰe²³⁻³³ kʰim²³/

violin family of musical instruments (Classifier: 把 m)


布祖基琴

ㄅㄨˋ ㄗㄨˇ ㄐㄧ ㄑㄧㄣˊ

буцзуцзицинь

/pu⁵¹ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/pu⁵¹ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/


康加鼓

/kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


滑音

/xu̯ä³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä³⁵ in⁵⁵/

(music) glissando; portamento; sliding tone


定音鼓

/tiŋ⁵¹ in⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɪŋ²² jɐm⁵⁵ kuː³⁵/

/tiŋ⁵¹ in⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɪŋ²² jɐm⁵⁵ kuː³⁵/


倍低音管

ㄅㄟˋ ㄉㄧ ㄧㄣ ㄍㄨㄢˇ

бэйдииньгуань

/peɪ̯⁵¹ ti⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/peɪ̯⁵¹ ti⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


低音號

/ti⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ti⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/


音叉

/in⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/

/jɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʰaː⁵⁵/

/in⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/

/jɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʰaː⁵⁵/


雷琴

/leɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/lɵy̯²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

/leɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/lɵy̯²¹ kʰɐm²¹/


吹打

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵ taː³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵ taː³⁵/

to play wind and percussion instruments; (by extension) to perform music


吹打

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵ taː³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵ taː³⁵/

(dialectal Gan, dialectal Hakka, music) suona


低音吉他

ㄉㄧ ㄧㄣ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄚ

/ti⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵/

/tɐi̯⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵ kɐt̚⁵ tʰaː⁵⁵/

/ti⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵/

/tɐi̯⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵ kɐt̚⁵ tʰaː⁵⁵/


秦琴

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵn²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵn²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

qinqin (a plucked lute with a wooden body and a slender, fretted neck, used in Chinese folk music)


低音

/tɐi̯⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/ai³³ jim³³⁻³³⁵/

/tai̯²⁴⁻¹¹ im²⁴/

/ke²²⁻²¹ im⁴⁴/

/ke⁴¹⁻²² im³³/

/ke²²⁻²¹ im⁴⁴/

/ke³³⁻¹¹ im⁴⁴/

/ke³³⁻²¹ im⁴⁴/

/tɐi̯⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/ai³³ jim³³⁻³³⁵/

/tai̯²⁴⁻¹¹ im²⁴/

/ke²²⁻²¹ im⁴⁴/

/ke⁴¹⁻²² im³³/

/ke²²⁻²¹ im⁴⁴/

/ke³³⁻¹¹ im⁴⁴/

/ke³³⁻²¹ im⁴⁴/


笛子

/tɛːk̚² t͡siː³⁵/

/tiəʔ⁵⁴ t͡səʔ¹/

/tɛːk̚² t͡siː³⁵/

/tiəʔ⁵⁴ t͡səʔ¹/

(countable) dizi (transverse flute with buzzing membrane, used in Chinese traditional and classical music, usually made from bamboo) (Classifier: 支 m)


古典吉他

ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄧㄢˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄚ

гудянь цзита

/ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵/

/kuː³⁵ tiːn³⁵ kɐt̚⁵ tʰaː⁵⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵/

/kuː³⁵ tiːn³⁵ kɐt̚⁵ tʰaː⁵⁵/


八角鼓

/pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

an octagonal tambourine (used primarily in narrative singing from northern China)


芒筒

/mɑŋ³⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɑŋ³⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

an end-blown free reed pipe producing a single pitch, used primarily in the traditional music of several minority ethnic groups in southwest China


骨笛

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti³⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti³⁵/


板鼓

/pän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(music) small, high-pitched, single-headed drum (used most prominently in Beijing opera)


吹打樂

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵ taː³⁵ ŋɔːk̚²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵ taː³⁵ ŋɔːk̚²/

ensemble of wind and percussion instruments in traditional Chinese music


低音管

/ti⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɐi̯⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵ kuːn³⁵/

/ke²²⁻²¹ im⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁵³/

/ke⁴¹⁻²² im³³ kuan⁵⁵⁴/

/ke²²⁻²¹ im⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁵³/

/ke³³⁻¹¹ im⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁵³/

/ke³³⁻²¹ im⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴¹/

/ti⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɐi̯⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵ kuːn³⁵/

/ke²²⁻²¹ im⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁵³/

/ke⁴¹⁻²² im³³ kuan⁵⁵⁴/

/ke²²⁻²¹ im⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁵³/

/ke³³⁻¹¹ im⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁵³/

/ke³³⁻²¹ im⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴¹/


散調

/sän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(music) sanjo, a genre of traditional Korean instrumental music


笙簧

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

(archaic) sheng (type of reed instrument)


大筒

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tua²²⁻²¹ taŋ²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² taŋ²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ taŋ¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ taŋ²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ taŋ²³/

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tua²²⁻²¹ taŋ²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² taŋ²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ taŋ¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ taŋ²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ taŋ²³/

a vertical bowed string instrument with two strings in the huqin family, used primarily in the traditional music of Hunan

(Southern Min) (medicine) drip; intravenous drip


電吉他

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵/

/tiːn²² kɐt̚⁵ tʰaː⁵⁵/

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵/

/tiːn²² kɐt̚⁵ tʰaː⁵⁵/


短簫

/tu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

danso (vertical flute used in Korean folk music)


排簫

/pʰaɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pʰaːi̯²¹ siːu̯⁵⁵/

/pʰaɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pʰaːi̯²¹ siːu̯⁵⁵/

paixiao, a form of ancient Chinese panpipes


男中音

наньчжунъинь

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴/

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴/


小鼓

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³⁵ kuː³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³⁵ kuː³⁵/


迪斯科

/ti³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵/

/tɪk̚² siː⁵⁵ fɔː⁵⁵/

/tiak̚²⁴⁻² sɯ³³ kʰo³³/

/tiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ su⁴⁴⁻²² kʰo⁴⁴/

/tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² su⁴⁴⁻²² kʰo⁴⁴/

/ti³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵/

/tɪk̚² siː⁵⁵ fɔː⁵⁵/

/tiak̚²⁴⁻² sɯ³³ kʰo³³/

/tiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ su⁴⁴⁻²² kʰo⁴⁴/

/tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² su⁴⁴⁻²² kʰo⁴⁴/

disco music (including Disco, Eurodisco, and Italo disco)


口琴

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/hɐu̯³⁵ kʰɐm²¹/

/kʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰim²⁴/

/kʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰim¹³/

/kʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰim²³/

/kʰio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰim²⁴/

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/hɐu̯³⁵ kʰɐm²¹/

/kʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰim²⁴/

/kʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰim¹³/

/kʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰim²³/

/kʰio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰim²⁴/


木吉他

/mu⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵/

/mʊk̚² kɐt̚⁵ tʰaː⁵⁵/

/mu⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵/

/mʊk̚² kɐt̚⁵ tʰaː⁵⁵/


主音吉他

ㄓㄨˇ ㄧㄣ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄚ

чжуинь цзита

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵/


主奏吉他

ㄓㄨˇ ㄗㄡˋ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄚ

чжуцзоу цзита

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵/


節奏吉他

ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄗㄡˋ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄚ

цзецзоу цзита

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵/


石琴

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kʰɐm²¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kʰɐm²¹/


鐘琴

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐm²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐm²¹/


震音鐵琴

ㄓㄣˋ ㄧㄣ ㄊㄧㄝˇ ㄑㄧㄣˊ

чжэньинь тецинь

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ in⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ in⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/


顫音琴

/ʈ͡ʂʰän⁵¹ in⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

чжаньиньцинь

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ in⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰän⁵¹ in⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ in⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/


馬林巴琴

ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄅㄚ ㄑㄧㄣˊ

малиньбацинь

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵ pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵ pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/


咆哮

/pʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/pʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pʰaːu̯²¹ haːu̯⁵⁵/

/pʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/pʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pʰaːu̯²¹ haːu̯⁵⁵/

(of a person) to rage; to bellow; to snarl

The winds are blustering, the horses are neighing, the Yellow River is roaring!

Fēng zài hǒu, mǎ zài jiào, Huánghé zài páoxiāo!

風在吼，馬在叫，黃河在咆哮！

风在吼，马在叫，黄河在咆哮！

(of wind, rain, waves, etc.) to bluster; to roar


三角鐵

ㄙㄢ ㄐㄧㄠˇ ㄊㄧㄝˇ

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

ㄙㄢ ㄐㄧㄠˇㄦ ㄊㄧㄝˇ

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ kɔːk̚³ tʰiːt̚³/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² kak̚³²⁻⁴ tʰiʔ³²/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ kɔːk̚³ tʰiːt̚³/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² kak̚³²⁻⁴ tʰiʔ³²/


響板

/ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hœːŋ³⁵ paːn³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hœːŋ³⁵ paːn³⁵/


手風琴

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/sɐu̯³⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐm²¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰim²³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰim¹³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰim²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ huaŋ³³ kʰim²⁴/

/sɤ³³ foŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑin²¹/

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/sɐu̯³⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐm²¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰim²³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰim¹³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰim²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ huaŋ³³ kʰim²⁴/

/sɤ³³ foŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑin²¹/


口風琴

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/hɐu̯³⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐm²¹/

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/hɐu̯³⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐm²¹/


彈詞

/tʰän³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/tʰaːn²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/tʰän³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/tʰaːn²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

Chinese folk storytelling to the accompaniment of stringed instruments (Classifier: 部)


高音

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ im²⁴/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ im²⁴/

飆高音

飙高音

(music) high pitch; high-pitched voice; treble


老闆

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lau²¹³⁻²⁴ ˈpan²¹³/

/lau⁵³⁻¹¹ pæ̃⁵³/

/l̃o³³⁻³⁵ pɛiŋ³³/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pan⁵⁵⁴/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ paŋ⁵²/

/lau⁵²⁻³⁵ paŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lau²¹³⁻²⁴ ˈpan²¹³/

/lau⁵³⁻¹¹ pæ̃⁵³/

/l̃o³³⁻³⁵ pɛiŋ³³/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pan⁵⁵⁴/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ paŋ⁵²/

/lau⁵²⁻³⁵ paŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

From earlier 老辦／老办 or 老班, from 老 (lǎo, “a respectful prefix”) + 辦／办 (bàn, “to manage”) or 班 (bān, “group”); 闆 and 板 in 老闆／老板 are phonetic loan characters; first attested as 老辦／老办 in the 16ᵗʰ century (Yang, 2012).

(honorific) famous actor in Beijing opera


不語

/pu⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐt̚⁵ jyː¹³/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ ɡu⁵³/

/put̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/put̚³²⁻⁵ ɡi⁵³/

/pəʔ³³ n̠ʲy⁴⁴/

/pu⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐt̚⁵ jyː¹³/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ ɡu⁵³/

/put̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/put̚³²⁻⁵ ɡi⁵³/

/pəʔ³³ n̠ʲy⁴⁴/

(literary) to remain silent; to say nothing


文丑

/wən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐn²¹ t͡sʰɐu̯³⁵/

/wən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐn²¹ t͡sʰɐu̯³⁵/

(Chinese opera) clown skilled in dialogue and acting


交響樂

ㄐㄧㄠ ㄒㄧㄤˇ ㄩㄝˋ

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ hœːŋ³⁵ ŋɔːk̚²/

/kau̯²⁴ hi̯oŋ³¹ ŋok̚⁵/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ hiaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ hiaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ hœːŋ³⁵ ŋɔːk̚²/

/kau̯²⁴ hi̯oŋ³¹ ŋok̚⁵/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ hiaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ hiaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡak̚⁴/


交響樂團

ㄐㄧㄠ ㄒㄧㄤˇ ㄩㄝˋ ㄊㄨㄢˊ

цзяосянъюэтуань

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹ tʰu̯än³⁵/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ hœːŋ³⁵ ŋɔːk̚² tʰyːn²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹ tʰu̯än³⁵/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ hœːŋ³⁵ ŋɔːk̚² tʰyːn²¹/


交響

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ hœːŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ hœːŋ³⁵/


長笛

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ti³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ tɛːk̚²/

/zã²² diɪʔ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ti³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ tɛːk̚²/

/zã²² diɪʔ⁴⁴/

Western concert flute
Western concert flute


葫蘆笙

/xu³⁵ lu³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/xu³⁵ lu³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

(music) hulusheng, a free-reed wind instrument similar to the sheng, consisting of multiple bamboo pipes of various lengths inserted into a wind chest made from a dried gourd; most commonly found in the Yunnan province of southwest China where it is used primarily by members of several ethnic minorities


洞簫

/tʊŋ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ²² siːu̯⁵⁵/

/tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siau⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² siau³³/

/tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siau⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siau⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siau⁴⁴/

/tʊŋ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ²² siːu̯⁵⁵/

/tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siau⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² siau³³/

/tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ siau⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ siau⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ³³⁻²¹ siau⁴⁴/

(music) xiao (a vertical, notched, end-blown bamboo flute used since ancient times in traditional and classical Chinese music)


獨弦琴

ㄉㄨˊ ㄒㄧㄢˊ ㄑㄧㄣˊ

/tu³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/tʊk̚² jiːn²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

/tu³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/tʊk̚² jiːn²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

(music) a plucked zither with usually a single string, used in traditional and classical Chinese music, and originally used in Vietnamese music


鸞鈴

/lu̯än³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/lu̯än³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

Said to have a sound like that of the mythical luan (鸞／鸾 (luán)) bird.

(historical) luan bell, a set of bells which were attached to a horse or horse-drawn vehicle


管鐘

/ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/


管風琴

ㄍㄨㄢˇ ㄈㄥ ㄑㄧㄣˊ

гуаньфэнцинь

/ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/kuːn³⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐm²¹/

/ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/kuːn³⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐm²¹/


編磬

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/pʰiːn⁵⁵ hɪŋ³³/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/pʰiːn⁵⁵ hɪŋ³³/

(historical) bianqing (a set of stone chimes used in the music of ancient China)


風琴

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐm²¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰim²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰim²³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰim¹³/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ kʰim⁵⁵/

/foŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑin²¹/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐm²¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰim²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰim²³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰim¹³/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ kʰim⁵⁵/

/foŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑin²¹/


蘆笙

→ English: lusheng

/lu³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/lu³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

(music) lusheng (a free-reed mouth organ used primarily by the Miao and Dong ethnic groups of southwest China)


迪吉里杜管

ㄉㄧˊ ㄐㄧˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄉㄨˋ ㄍㄨㄢˇ

дицзилидугуань

/ti³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


蒂傑利多

ㄉㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄉㄨㄛ

/ti⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ li⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ti⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ li⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/


編鐘

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

(music) bianzhong (a set of bronze bells used in the music of ancient China)


軋箏

/jä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/jä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

(music) yazheng (a bowed long zither used in the traditional and classical music of China)


評彈

/pʰiŋ³⁵ tʰän³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ tʰaːn²¹/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ tʰän³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ tʰaːn²¹/

Short for 評話／评话 (pínghuà) + 彈詞／弹词 (táncí).

zh-etym-short

(music) a Suzhounese variety of Chinese storytelling, usually accompanied by one or more musical instruments


鋼片琴

ㄍㄤ ㄆㄧㄢˋ ㄑㄧㄣˊ

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/


風鑼

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

(music) wind gong (a variety of large, flat Chinese gong played with a large, soft-headed wooden mallet, producing a sound similar to the wind)


馬骨胡

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

(music) a bowed string instrument with a body made from the femur bone of a horse, cow, or mule; used primarily by the Zhuang and Buyei ethnic groups of Guangxi, China


轉盤

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹ pʰän³⁵/

/t͡syːn³³ pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/tŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ puã²⁴/

/tŋ̍⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ puã²⁴/

/tuĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ puã¹³/

/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ puã²⁴/

/t͡suan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ puã²⁴/

/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ puã¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹ pʰän³⁵/

/t͡syːn³³ pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/tŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ puã²⁴/

/tŋ̍⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ puã²⁴/

/tuĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ puã¹³/

/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ puã²⁴/

/t͡suan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ puã²⁴/

/t͡suan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ puã¹³/

(music) turntable (rotating platform of a record player or a disk jockey's console)


銅鼓

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵/

(music) bronze drum (type of drum found in Southern China)


鍵盤

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ pʰän³⁵/

/kiːn²² pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/kiɛn²²⁻²¹ puã¹³/

/kiɛn⁴¹⁻²² puã²⁴/

/kiɛn³³⁻¹¹ puã²⁴/

/kiɛn²²⁻²¹ puã²⁴/

/kiɛn³³⁻²¹ puã²³/

/kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ puã²⁴/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ puã²³/

/kieŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ pũã⁵⁵/

/kiaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ pũã⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ pʰän³⁵/

/kiːn²² pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/kiɛn²²⁻²¹ puã¹³/

/kiɛn⁴¹⁻²² puã²⁴/

/kiɛn³³⁻¹¹ puã²⁴/

/kiɛn²²⁻²¹ puã²⁴/

/kiɛn³³⁻²¹ puã²³/

/kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ puã²⁴/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ puã²³/

/kieŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ pũã⁵⁵/

/kiaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ pũã⁵⁵/


長號

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ hou̯²²/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ ho⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ hou̯²²/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ ho⁵⁵/

長／长 (cháng, “long”) + 號／号 (hào, “brass wind instrument”)


刮奏

/ku̯ä⁵⁵ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹/

/kʷaːt̚³ t͡sɐu̯³³/

/ku̯ä⁵⁵ t͡soʊ̯⁵¹/

/kʷaːt̚³ t͡sɐu̯³³/


點子

/ti̯ɛn²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/tiam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ti̯ɛn²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/tiam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/


高低

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ti⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ tɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ tai̯²⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ te⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ te⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² te⁴⁴/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ti⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ tɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ tai̯²⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ te⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ te⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² te⁴⁴/


沉默

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ mu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɐm²¹ mɐk̚²/

/tim¹³⁻²² biɪk̚¹²¹/

/tim²⁴⁻²² biɪk̚⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ mu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɐm²¹ mɐk̚²/

/tim¹³⁻²² biɪk̚¹²¹/

/tim²⁴⁻²² biɪk̚⁴/

保持沉默

沉默許久

沉默许久

Silence in social conduct is a kind of philosophy and an art form when used well.

Chénmò shì yī zhǒng chǔshì zhéxué, yòng de hǎo shí, yòu shì yī zhǒng yìshù.

沉默是一種處世哲學，用得好時，又是一種藝術。

沉默是一种处世哲学，用得好时，又是一种艺术。

But there was something about the child that could be respected. His leisurely way, his reticence, his arbitrariness, his way of walking ahead without looking back. These were manifestations of his power, the power of the strongest, of the fittest. The child was, by no means, overly careful, or irresolute. The child could hit the nail on the head and make a clean break. The child was a quintessential Caucasian.

朱自清 (Zhu Ziqing), 《白種人——上帝的驕子》

Dàn zhè háizi què yě yǒu kějìng de dìfang: tā de cóngróng, tā de chénmò, tā de dúduàndúxíng, tā de yī qù bù huítóu, dōu shì lì de biǎoxiàn, dōu shì qiángzhě shìzhě de biǎoxiàn. Juébù pópomāma de, juébù niánniándādā de, yīzhēnjiànxiě, yīdāoliǎngduàn, zhè zhèngshì báizhǒngrén zhī suǒ yǐ wéi báizhǒngrén.

但這孩子卻也有可敬的地方：他的從容，他的沉默，他的獨斷獨行，他的一去不回頭，都是力的表現，都是強者適者的表現。決不婆婆媽媽的，決不粘粘搭搭的，一針見血，一刀兩斷，這正是白種人之所以為白種人。

朱自清 (Zhu Ziqing), 《白種人——上帝的驕子》

但这孩子却也有可敬的地方：他的从容，他的沉默，他的独断独行，他的一去不回头，都是力的表现，都是强者适者的表现。决不婆婆妈妈的，决不粘粘搭搭的，一针见血，一刀两断，这正是白种人之所以为白种人。

to be silent; to not speak; to be reticent; to be taciturn; to be untalkative


音響

/in⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/in⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑ̃ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐm⁵⁵ hœːŋ³⁵/

/im³³ hiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ⁵³/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ⁴¹/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ⁵³/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ hiaŋ⁵³/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ hiaŋ⁴¹/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² hiaŋ⁵³/

/in⁵⁵ ɕiã²¹/

/in⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/in⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑ̃ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐm⁵⁵ hœːŋ³⁵/

/im³³ hiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ⁵³/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ⁴¹/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ⁵³/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ hiaŋ⁵³/

/im⁴⁴⁻³³ hiaŋ⁴¹/

/im⁴⁴⁻²² hiaŋ⁵³/

/in⁵⁵ ɕiã²¹/


樂團

/ɥɛ⁵¹ tʰu̯än³⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² tʰyːn²¹/

/ɡak̚⁴⁻³² tʰuan²⁴/

/ɡak̚²⁴⁻² tʰuan²⁴/

/ɡak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰuan¹³/

/ɡak̚⁴⁻³² tʰuan²⁴/

/ɡak̚⁴⁻³² tʰuan²³/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ tʰu̯än³⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² tʰyːn²¹/

/ɡak̚⁴⁻³² tʰuan²⁴/

/ɡak̚²⁴⁻² tʰuan²⁴/

/ɡak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰuan¹³/

/ɡak̚⁴⁻³² tʰuan²⁴/

/ɡak̚⁴⁻³² tʰuan²³/


快板

/kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹ pɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰuai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pan⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰuai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ paŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹ pɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰuai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pan⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰuai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ paŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

clapper talk (a form of Chinese narrative singing accompanied by a pair of clappers)


BGM

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹ ˀaɪ̯m³⁵/

/piː⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵ ɛːm⁵⁵/

/bi³³⁻²³ d͡zi³³⁻²³ em³³/

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹ ˀaɪ̯m³⁵/

/piː⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵ ɛːm⁵⁵/

/bi³³⁻²³ d͡zi³³⁻²³ em³³/

From Japanese BGM (BGM), an initialism of English background music.


氛圍

/fən⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵/

/fən⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵/

/fɐn⁵⁵ wɐi̯²¹/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² ui²⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² ui¹³/

/huŋ³³⁻²³ ui⁵⁵/

/fən⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵/

/fən⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵/

/fɐn⁵⁵ wɐi̯²¹/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² ui²⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² ui¹³/

/huŋ³³⁻²³ ui⁵⁵/


作樂

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ ŋɔːk̚²/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡak̚²⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ ɡak̚¹²¹/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sɔːk̚³ ŋɔːk̚²/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡak̚²⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ ɡak̚¹²¹/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡak̚⁴/

/t͡sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡak̚⁴/


檀板

/tʰän³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰän³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


音聲

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (音聲):
* → Japanese: 音声(おんせい) (onsei)
* → Korean: 음성(音聲) (eumseong)
* → Vietnamese: âm thanh (音聲)

/in⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐm⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/in⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐm⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

The sense used in ACG is a narrowing of Japanese 音声 (onsei).

同人音聲

同人音声


低胡

低 (dī, “low”) + 胡 (hú), short for 胡琴 (húqín)

dihu (large, bass version of the erhu, pitched one octave or more lower)


大胡

大 (“large”) + 胡 (hú, short for 胡琴 (húqín))

compound

dahu (larger version of the erhu, generally pitched one octave lower)


二弦

→ Zhuang: ngeihyienz

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

/jiː²² jiːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/zi³³⁻²¹ hiɛn²³/

/d͡zi³⁵⁻¹¹ hĩ⁵⁵/

/ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹ ɕi̯ẽ²⁴/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

/jiː²² jiːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/zi³³⁻²¹ hiɛn²³/

/d͡zi³⁵⁻¹¹ hĩ⁵⁵/

/ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹ ɕi̯ẽ²⁴/

(specifically) erxian (one of several bowed string instruments in the huqin family, used in traditional Chinese music)


海螺

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ lɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ lɔː²¹⁻³⁵/


精神音樂

ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕㄣˊ ㄧㄣ ㄩㄝˋ

цзиншэнь иньюэ

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵ in⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵ ŋɔːk̚²/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵ in⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐn²¹ jɐm⁵⁵ ŋɔːk̚²/

a modernized genre of Cantonese music first popularized in the 1940s, integrating Western instruments and used to accompany ballroom dance


完全五度

ㄨㄢˊ ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄨˇ ㄉㄨˋ

ваньцюаньуду

/wän³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹/

/jyːn²¹ t͡sʰyːn²¹ ŋ̍¹³ tou̯²²/

/wän³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹/

/jyːn²¹ t͡sʰyːn²¹ ŋ̍¹³ tou̯²²/


歌聲

/kɤ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ saŋ²⁴/

/kua⁴⁴⁻²² siã⁴⁴/

/kua⁴⁴⁻²² siã⁴⁴/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ siã⁴⁴/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ siã⁴⁴/

/ko³³⁻²³ sĩã³³/

/kɤ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ saŋ²⁴/

/kua⁴⁴⁻²² siã⁴⁴/

/kua⁴⁴⁻²² siã⁴⁴/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ siã⁴⁴/

/kua⁴⁴⁻³³ siã⁴⁴/

/ko³³⁻²³ sĩã³³/

Tā de gēshēng tài hǎotīng le, wǒ wánquán bèi tā zhēngfú le.

他的歌聲太好聽了，我完全被他征服了。

他的歌声太好听了，我完全被他征服了。


加花

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵/


加花

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵/


南管

/nän³⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nän³⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Nanguan (an ancient musical genre originating in Fujian, China, and also performed in Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines)


拍板

/pʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pan⁵³/

/pʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ pan⁴¹/

/pʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ pan⁵³/

/pʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pan⁵³/

/pʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ pan⁴¹/

/pʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ pan⁵³/


提胡

tihu (a variety of two-stringed vertical fiddle in the huqin family used as a supporting instrument in Chaozhou music, similar to the Cantonese gaohu)


鼓吹

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰui³³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰui³³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯³³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁻³⁵ t͡sʰə³³/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰə³³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻²⁴ t͡sʰə⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯³³/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁻³⁵ t͡sʰə³³/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰə³³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻²⁴ t͡sʰə⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/


鼓吹

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰui³³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰui³³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯³³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁻³⁵ t͡sʰə³³/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰə³³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻²⁴ t͡sʰə⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯³³/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁻³⁵ t͡sʰə³³/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰə³³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻²⁴ t͡sʰə⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

a loud wind and percussion ensemble in traditional Chinese music, usually featuring suona, drums, gongs and cymbals

(Taiwanese Hokkien) suona (a type of woodwind instrument)

(Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien) trumpet; horn (wind instrument)


聲響

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ hœːŋ³⁵/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ⁵³/

/siɪŋ³³ hiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiaŋ⁵³/

/siã⁴⁴⁻³³ hiũ⁵³/

/siã³³ hiũ⁵⁵⁴/

/siã⁴⁴⁻³³ hiũ⁴¹/

/siã⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ⁵³/

/siã⁴⁴⁻²² hiaŋ⁵³/

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ hœːŋ³⁵/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ⁵³/

/siɪŋ³³ hiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiaŋ⁵³/

/siã⁴⁴⁻³³ hiũ⁵³/

/siã³³ hiũ⁵⁵⁴/

/siã⁴⁴⁻³³ hiũ⁴¹/

/siã⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ⁵³/

/siã⁴⁴⁻²² hiaŋ⁵³/


霹靂

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (霹靂):
* → Japanese: 霹靂(へきれき) (hekireki)
* → Korean: 벽력(霹靂) (byeongnyeok)
* → Vietnamese: phích lịch (霹靂)

/pʰɪk̚⁵ lɪk̚⁵/

/pʰiʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃iʔ⁵/

/pʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ liɪk̚¹²¹/

/pʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɪk̚⁴/

/pʰɪk̚⁵ lɪk̚⁵/

/pʰiʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃iʔ⁵/

/pʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ liɪk̚¹²¹/

/pʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɪk̚⁴/

霹雳
*辟歷
*辟历
礔礰
礕礰
劈歷
霹雳
吡叻


扁鼓

/pi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


花盆鼓

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ pʰən³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/faː⁵⁵ pʰuːn²¹ kuː³⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ pʰən³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/faː⁵⁵ pʰuːn²¹ kuː³⁵/

(music) a large double-headed drum with a wooden body that tapers from top to bottom


中阮

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʐu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːn³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːn¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʐu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːn³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːn¹³/

zhongruan; tenor ruan (a Chinese round-bodied fretted, plucked lute with four strings)


阮咸

Sino-Xenic (阮咸):
* → Japanese: 阮咸(げんかん) (genkan)
* → Korean: 완함(阮咸) (wanham)

/ʐu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

/ʐu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

Named after Chinese scholar 阮咸 (Ruǎn Xián) of the Six Dynasties period, who played a round-bodied, long-necked fretted plucked lute that was called Qin pipa (秦琵琶) in his time.

named-after

Synonym of 阮 (“ruan (a Chinese long-necked fretted round-bodied plucked lute)”)


咪咪

(onomatopoeia) meow, sound of a cat, meowing

oboe-like double reed wind instrument used in the folk music in regions of Gansu (甘肅) and Qinghai (青海)

clarinet-like single reed wind instrument used in the folk music of Ningxia and northern Shaanxi, similar to the Qiang di (羌笛)


木板

/mu⁵¹ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² pan⁵⁵⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² pan⁵³/

/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pan⁵³/

/mu⁵¹ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² pan⁵⁵⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² pan⁵³/

/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pan⁵³/

hardwood clapper used in some forms of traditional Chinese music


曲牌

/t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pai²⁴/

/kʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ pai²⁴/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ pai¹³/

/kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ pai²⁴/

/t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pai²⁴/

/kʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ pai²⁴/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ pai¹³/

/kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ pai²⁴/

the generic term for a stock tune or melody used in traditional Chinese instrumental or vocal music, often as the basis for variation


越劇

/ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕy⁵¹/

/jyːt̚² kʰɛːk̚²/

/uat̚⁴⁻³² kiɔk̚⁴/

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ d͡ʑiɪʔ²³/

/ɦioʔ¹¹ d͡ʑiɪʔ²³/

/ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕy⁵¹/

/jyːt̚² kʰɛːk̚²/

/uat̚⁴⁻³² kiɔk̚⁴/

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ d͡ʑiɪʔ²³/

/ɦioʔ¹¹ d͡ʑiɪʔ²³/

(music) Yue opera; Shaoxing opera (a form of Chinese opera particularly popular in Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Shanghai)


嘻哈

Phono-semantic matching of English hip hop. Both 嘻 (xī) and 哈 (hā) are interjections of grief or surprise; compare 嘻嘻哈哈 (xīxīhāhā).

zh-l

嘻嘻哈哈 (xīxīhāhā)

嘻哈音樂

嘻哈音乐

嘻哈歌手


饒舌

/ʐɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂɤ³⁵/

/ʐɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂɤ³⁵/

If Taiwan hip hop has an MVP, I’m the Teresa Teng of rap, motherfucker!

2012 August 15, 打破他 (Break Him), sung by Miss Ko (葛仲珊), written by Ko and E-SO (瘦子E.SO), translation from Renegade Rhymes: Rap Music, Narrative, and Knowledge in Taiwan (2022), Meredith Schweig, pg. 73-74

rúguǒ táiwān xīhā yǒu M V P wǒ jiùshì ráoshé de Dèng Lìjūn motherfucker

如果台灣嘻哈有MVP我就是饒舌的鄧麗君motherfucker

如果台湾嘻哈有MVP我就是饶舌的邓丽君motherfucker


卡拉OK

ㄎㄚˇ ㄌㄚ ㄡ ㄎㄟˋ

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ kʰeɪ̯⁵¹/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ kʰeɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ ou̯⁵⁵ kʰei̯⁵⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ laː⁵⁵ ou̯⁵⁵ kʰei̯⁵⁵/

/kʰa¹¹ la⁵⁵ o⁵⁵ kʰi̯e⁵⁵/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻²² la⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰe⁴⁴/

/kʰa³³ la⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰe³³/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻²² la⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰe⁴⁴/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰe⁴⁴/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰe⁴⁴/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ kʰeɪ̯⁵¹/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ kʰeɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ ou̯⁵⁵ kʰei̯⁵⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ laː⁵⁵ ou̯⁵⁵ kʰei̯⁵⁵/

/kʰa¹¹ la⁵⁵ o⁵⁵ kʰi̯e⁵⁵/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻²² la⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰe⁴⁴/

/kʰa³³ la⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰe³³/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻²² la⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰe⁴⁴/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰe⁴⁴/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰe⁴⁴/

From Japanese カラオケ (“karaoke”), from 空 (kara, “empty”) + abbreviation of オーケストラ (ōkesutora, “orchestra”), from English orchestra.