月

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (月):
* → Japanese: 月(げつ) (getsu); 月(がつ) (gatsu); 月(がち) (gachi)
* → Okinawan: 月(ぐゎち) (gwachi)
* → Korean: 월(月) (wol)
* → Vietnamese: nguyệt (月), ngoạt (月)

→ Bouyei: nguad (“month”)

→? Thai: งวด (ngûuat, “appointed time”)

→ Zhuang: nyied (“moon; month”)

/ᵑɡut̚³²⁻²¹/

/ᵑɡut̚³²⁻²¹⁵/

/ᵑɡut̚³²⁻²¹/

/ᵑɡut̚³²⁻²¹⁵/

Pictogram (象形) – pictographic representation of a crescent moon. Related to 夕 (xī) and interchangeable in the past, but both are unrelated to 多, in which it represents two pieces of meat stylized as 夕.
Unrelated to:
* 前, in which it represents a boat 舟 (歬 > 𠝣 > 𣦃 > 前);
* 朕, in which it represents a boat again (𦩎 > 𦨶 > 朕)
* 青, in which it represents cinnabar 丹 (𤯞 > 靑 > 青);
* 赢, in which it represents the elongated face of a kind of dragon, perhaps a Panlong;
* 祭 and 將, in which it represents sacrificed meat stylized as 𱼀;
* 然, in which it represents dog meat (肰).
* 肖 and 有, in which it represents just meat.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋʷ(j)a-t (“moon; star”), whence also Magar [Term?] (gya hot, “moon”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *mwatᴸ (“star; moon”) (whence Lahu məʔ-kə (“star”)), Drung gurmet (“star”) (Matisoff, 1980; LaPolla, 1987; STEDT).
Various alternative etymologies have also been proposed:
* Unger (1992) proposes cognation with Tibetan ངོ (ngo, “waxing and waning moon; half moon”) (as in མར་ངོ (mar ngo, “waning moon”) and ཡར་ངོ (yar ngo, “waxing moon”)), which Schuessler (2007) connects to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋow (“white; light colour”). However, Sagart (1999) points out that the Tibetan word may be analyzed as a derivative of Tibetan ངོ (ngo, “face”), which would mean the semantic connection between “moon” and “face” had to occur either independently in Chinese and Tibetan or in Proto-Sino-Tibetan; it also requires positing a suffix -t in Chinese.
* Pulleybank (1995a) proposes another etymology based on the glyph for 名 (míng) (reconstructed as *màŋʲ), which he analyses as a phono-semantic compound of phonetic 夕 (xī, “moon”) and semantic 口 (kǒu, “mouth”). He suggests that the phonetic component represents a lost word *màŋʲ (“moon”), and reconstructs 月 as *mŋʲ (consonantal frame of “moon”) + *-at (suffix) > *ŋʲʷat. However, there are more straightforward ways of explaining the glyph origin of 名 (míng) (see there), which would nullify the hypothesis of the lost word.
* Related to 越 (“to pass over; to cross over”) in some way.
** Mei (1979) derives 月 from 越 (OC **gjot > *gwjat): **N-gjot > *ngwjat. Also in this proposed word family is 歲 (OC **s-gjots > *skwjadh, “year”). The semantics of this word family is centred around "to pass; to elapse". While Matisoff (1980) seems supportive of this word family, STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwat (“to travel; to go through”) for 越 and 歲／岁 (suì), separate from the root for 月.
** Ferlus (2012) reconstructs the Old Chinese as *ŋ.wat and puts it in a word family formed from a Chinese root *wat, having a meaning of "circularity" or "circular boundary". This proposed word family includes 越 (OC *wat, “to cross over”), as in "to cross the enclosure of the village", and 外 (OC *ŋ.wat-s, “outside”), as in "out of the enclosure of the village".


月亮

Wutunhua: yailiang

/ɥɛ⁵¹ li̯ɑŋ¹/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ li̯ɑ̃ɻ¹/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ li̯ɑ̃ɻ¹/

/ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/yə²⁴ liɑŋ⁴⁴/

/yə²⁴ liɑŋ²⁴/

/jyːt̚² lœːŋ²²/

/jit̚⁵⁵ liɛŋ⁵⁵/

/yəʔ² liɒ̃⁴⁵/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² liaŋ³⁵/

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ liã²³/

/ɦyeʔ²² liaŋ⁴²/

/ɦyəʔ²² liæ̃³⁴/

/ɦyəʔ²² liã³⁵/

/ɦioʔ¹¹ liã²³/

/n̠ʲioʔ²² liæ̃³⁵/

/ŋəʔ²² liã⁵¹/

/ɦiɔʔ²³ liɪ̃³¹/

/ɦyəʔ⁵⁵ liã²¹/

/ɦioʔ¹¹⁵ liaŋ⁵²/

/n̠ʲyɤ⁵⁵ liɑŋ¹⁴/

/y̯e̞²⁴ li̯æn²¹⁻¹¹/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ li̯ɑŋ¹/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ li̯ɑ̃ɻ¹/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ li̯ɑ̃ɻ¹/

/ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/yə²⁴ liɑŋ⁴⁴/

/yə²⁴ liɑŋ²⁴/

/jyːt̚² lœːŋ²²/

/jit̚⁵⁵ liɛŋ⁵⁵/

/yəʔ² liɒ̃⁴⁵/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² liaŋ³⁵/

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ liã²³/

/ɦyeʔ²² liaŋ⁴²/

/ɦyəʔ²² liæ̃³⁴/

/ɦyəʔ²² liã³⁵/

/ɦioʔ¹¹ liã²³/

/n̠ʲioʔ²² liæ̃³⁵/

/ŋəʔ²² liã⁵¹/

/ɦiɔʔ²³ liɪ̃³¹/

/ɦyəʔ⁵⁵ liã²¹/

/ɦioʔ¹¹⁵ liaŋ⁵²/

/n̠ʲyɤ⁵⁵ liɑŋ¹⁴/

/y̯e̞²⁴ li̯æn²¹⁻¹¹/

First recorded in a poem by Li Yi (Tang Dynasty). Compare the dialectal forms for “moon”: 月明 (“moon-bright”), 月光 (“moon-light”).


月色

⁸yuq-seq; ⁸yoq-seq; ⁸gniuq-seq; ⁸gnioq-seq

/ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ siɪk̚³²/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ siɪk̚³²/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² siak̚⁵/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ siɪk̚³²/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ siɪk̚³²/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² sek̚²/

yuih^入 seh; yoh^入 seh; nyuih^入 seh; nyoh^入 seh

⁵hhyq-seq; ⁵hhioq-seq; ⁵nyyq-seq; ⁵nyioq-seq

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ səʔ²³/

/ɦioʔ¹¹ səʔ²³/

/n̠ʲyɪʔ¹¹ səʔ²³/

/n̠ʲioʔ¹¹ səʔ²³/

/ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ siɪk̚³²/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ siɪk̚³²/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² siak̚⁵/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ siɪk̚³²/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ siɪk̚³²/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² sek̚²/

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ səʔ²³/

/ɦioʔ¹¹ səʔ²³/

/n̠ʲyɪʔ¹¹ səʔ²³/

/n̠ʲioʔ¹¹ səʔ²³/


月食

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ye²⁻⁴⁵ səʔ⁵⁴/

/ŋuoʔ⁵ sɛiʔ²⁴/

/ɡuat̚⁴⁻³² siɪk̚⁴/

/ɡuat̚²⁴⁻² sit̚²⁴/

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ zəʔ²³/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ye²⁻⁴⁵ səʔ⁵⁴/

/ŋuoʔ⁵ sɛiʔ²⁴/

/ɡuat̚⁴⁻³² siɪk̚⁴/

/ɡuat̚²⁴⁻² sit̚²⁴/

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ zəʔ²³/


月明

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (月明):
* → Japanese: 月明(げつめい) (getsumei)

/ɥɛ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵/

/jyːt̚² mɪŋ²¹/

/yəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ mi¹¹/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ biɪŋ²³/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵/

/jyːt̚² mɪŋ²¹/

/yəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ mi¹¹/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ biɪŋ²³/

(Jilu, Jiaoliao and Central Plains Mandarin, Jin) moon


月光

Sino-Xenic (月光):
* → Japanese: 月光(げっこう) (gekkō)
* → Korean: 월광(月光) (wolgwang)

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːt̚² kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/zøt̚²² kʷɔŋ²¹³/

/ᵑɡut̚³² kɔŋ³³/

/n̠ʲyɵt̚² kuɔŋ¹/

/ŋi̯et̚⁵ koŋ²⁴/

/ŋi̯at̚⁵ koŋ²⁴/

/ŋiat̚⁵ kuɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ie²¹ kɔŋ³³/

/ŋuoʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ kuoŋ⁵⁵/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kŋ̍³³/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kuĩ⁴⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² kuaŋ³³/

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ kuɑ̃²³/

/ɦioʔ¹¹ kuɑ̃²³/

/u̯e̞³⁵ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³/

/y̯e̞¹¹ ku̯an⁴⁴⁵/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːt̚² kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/zøt̚²² kʷɔŋ²¹³/

/ᵑɡut̚³² kɔŋ³³/

/n̠ʲyɵt̚² kuɔŋ¹/

/ŋi̯et̚⁵ koŋ²⁴/

/ŋi̯at̚⁵ koŋ²⁴/

/ŋiat̚⁵ kuɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ie²¹ kɔŋ³³/

/ŋuoʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ kuoŋ⁵⁵/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kŋ̍³³/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kuĩ⁴⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² kuaŋ³³/

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ kuɑ̃²³/

/ɦioʔ¹¹ kuɑ̃²³/

/u̯e̞³⁵ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³/

/y̯e̞¹¹ ku̯an⁴⁴⁵/


月球

/ɥɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/jyːt̚² kʰɐu̯²¹/

/ŋi̯et̚⁵ kʰi̯u¹¹/

/ŋi̯at̚⁵ kʰi̯u¹¹/

/yəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹/

/ŋuoʔ⁵⁻³³ kieu⁵³/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kiu²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiu²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kiu²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kiu¹³/

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ d͡ʑiɤ²³/

/ɦioʔ¹¹ d͡ʑiɤ²³/

/y̯e̞²⁴ t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/jyːt̚² kʰɐu̯²¹/

/ŋi̯et̚⁵ kʰi̯u¹¹/

/ŋi̯at̚⁵ kʰi̯u¹¹/

/yəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹/

/ŋuoʔ⁵⁻³³ kieu⁵³/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kiu²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiu²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kiu²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kiu¹³/

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ d͡ʑiɤ²³/

/ɦioʔ¹¹ d͡ʑiɤ²³/

/y̯e̞²⁴ t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³/

(astronomy) the Moon (referring to the astronomical object)


月宮

/ɥɛ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːt̚² kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɡuat̚⁴⁻³² kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːt̚² kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɡuat̚⁴⁻³² kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/


月餅

→ Mongolian: еэвэн (jeeven)

⁸yuq-pin₅; ⁸yoq-pin₅; ⁸gniuq-pin₅; ⁸gnioq-pin₅

/ɥɛ⁵¹ piŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ b̥iŋ¹/

/jyːt̚² pɛːŋ³⁵/

/zøt̚²² pøŋ³⁵/

/ᵑɡut̚³²⁻²¹ piaŋ⁵⁵/

/jit̚⁵⁵ pɪŋ²¹/

/ŋi̯et̚⁵ pi̯aŋ³¹/

/ŋi̯at̚⁵ pi̯aŋ³¹/

/yəʔ²⁻⁴⁵ piŋ⁵³/

/ŋyɛ⁴² piaŋ²¹/

/ŋuoʔ⁵⁻³³ piaŋ³³/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ piã⁴²/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ piã⁵³/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ piã⁵³/

/ɡe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² piã⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² piã⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ piã⁴¹/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ piã⁵³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ piã⁴²/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻³ piã⁴⁴⁵/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² pĩã⁵²/

/ɲyt̚²⁴ piɐŋ³³/

yuih^入 pin^去; yoh^入 pin^去; nyuih^入 pin^去; nyoh^入 pin^去

⁵hhyq-pin₂; ⁵hhioq-pin₂; ⁵nyyq-pin₂; ⁵nyioq-pin₂

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ pin²³/

/n̠ʲyɪʔ¹¹ pin²³/

/ɦn̠ʲyoʔ²² pin³³/

/ŋəʔ²² pin⁵¹/

/ɦyəʔ²² pin⁵³/

/ɦyəʔ²² piŋ³⁵/

/u̯e̞³⁵ pi̯ɔ̃⁴²⁻¹/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ piŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ b̥iŋ¹/

/jyːt̚² pɛːŋ³⁵/

/zøt̚²² pøŋ³⁵/

/ᵑɡut̚³²⁻²¹ piaŋ⁵⁵/

/jit̚⁵⁵ pɪŋ²¹/

/ŋi̯et̚⁵ pi̯aŋ³¹/

/ŋi̯at̚⁵ pi̯aŋ³¹/

/yəʔ²⁻⁴⁵ piŋ⁵³/

/ŋyɛ⁴² piaŋ²¹/

/ŋuoʔ⁵⁻³³ piaŋ³³/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ piã⁴²/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ piã⁵³/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ piã⁵³/

/ɡe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² piã⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² piã⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ piã⁴¹/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ piã⁵³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ piã⁴²/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻³ piã⁴⁴⁵/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² pĩã⁵²/

/ɲyt̚²⁴ piɐŋ³³/

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ pin²³/

/n̠ʲyɪʔ¹¹ pin²³/

/ɦn̠ʲyoʔ²² pin³³/

/ŋəʔ²² pin⁵¹/

/ɦyəʔ²² pin⁵³/

/ɦyəʔ²² piŋ³⁵/

/u̯e̞³⁵ pi̯ɔ̃⁴²⁻¹/

Grandmother Jia also commanded them to spread the carpets on the stairs, and commanded them to bring the mooncakes, watermelon, fruits, and the like down, so that the daughters and daughters-in-law would sit around the table to view the moon.

Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18ᵗʰ century CE

Jiǎ Mǔ yòu mìng jiāng jìzhān pū yú jiē shàng, mìng jiāng yuèbǐng xīguā guǒpǐn děng lèi dōu jiào bān xiàqù, lìng yātou xífù men yě dōu tuántuán wéizuò shǎngyuè.

賈母又命將罽氈舖於階上，命將月餅西瓜果品等類都叫搬下去，令丫頭媳婦們也都團團圍坐賞月。

贾母又命将罽毡铺于阶上，命将月饼西瓜果品等类都叫搬下去，令丫头媳妇们也都团团围坐赏月。

Mid-Autumn Festival
Mid-Autumn Festival#English

mooncake (a Chinese pastry traditionally eaten during the Mid-Autumn Festival) (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 件 m c; 塊／块 m; 嚿 c)


白兔

Sino-Xenic (白兔):
* → Korean: 백토(白兔) (baekto)

/paɪ̯³⁵ tʰu⁵¹/

/baʔ¹¹ tʰu²³/

/paɪ̯³⁵ tʰu⁵¹/

/baʔ¹¹ tʰu²³/


太陰

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ iŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ im³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ im⁴⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ iŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ im³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ im⁴⁴/

(literary or dialectal) the moon (largest natural satellite of planet Earth)


蟾宮

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

From the legend of a pareidolic lunar toad.


月夜

Sino-Xenic (月夜):
* → Japanese: 月(げつ)夜(や) (getsuya)

/ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/

/jyːt̚² jɛː²²/

/ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/

/jyːt̚² jɛː²²/


月牙

/ɥɛ⁵¹ jɑɻ³⁵/

/jyːt̚² ŋaː²¹/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ jɑɻ³⁵/

/jyːt̚² ŋaː²¹/


明月

Sino-Xenic (明月):
* → Japanese: 明月(めいげつ) (meigetsu)
* → Korean: 명월(明月) (myeong'wol)
* → Vietnamese: minh nguyệt (明月)

/miŋ³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²¹ jyːt̚²/

/miŋ⁵³⁻³³ ŋuoʔ⁵/

/biɪŋ²³⁻³³ ɡuat̚⁴/

/biɪŋ¹³⁻²² ɡuat̚¹²¹/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡuat̚⁴/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡuat̚²⁴/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡuat̚⁴/

/biɪŋ²³⁻³³ ɡueʔ⁴/

/meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡueʔ⁴/

/min²² ɦyɪʔ⁴⁴/

/miŋ³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²¹ jyːt̚²/

/miŋ⁵³⁻³³ ŋuoʔ⁵/

/biɪŋ²³⁻³³ ɡuat̚⁴/

/biɪŋ¹³⁻²² ɡuat̚¹²¹/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡuat̚⁴/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡuat̚²⁴/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡuat̚⁴/

/biɪŋ²³⁻³³ ɡueʔ⁴/

/meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡueʔ⁴/

/min²² ɦyɪʔ⁴⁴/

[I] raise a cup to invite the bright moon [to drink together], along with my shadow we become a party of three.

8th century, 李白 (Li Bai), 月下獨酌四首·其一 (“Drinking Alone Under the Moon - 1”)

Jǔbēi yāo míngyuè, duì yǐng chéng sān rén.

舉杯邀明月，對影成三人。

举杯邀明月，对影成三人。

When will the bright moon appear? [I] pick an alcohol [vessel] and ask the blue sky.

1076, 蘇軾 (Su Shi), 水調歌頭 (明月幾時有) (“Water Melody (When Will the Bright Moon Appear)”)

明月幾時有？把酒問青天。

明月几时有？把酒问青天。

She, like the bright moon in the sky, is a person whom I cannot own.

jan⁴ jyu⁴ tin¹ soeng⁶ dik¹ ming⁴ jyut⁶, si⁶ bat¹ ho² jung² jau⁵.

人如天上的明月，是不可擁有。

人如天上的明月，是不可拥有。

My friends bash me for getting too exhausted by following you round and round, not knowing that you are the bright moon when I get through dark times.

2014, 蕭煌奇 (Ricky Hsiao), 上水的花 (“The Most Beautiful Flower”)

Pêng-iú mē góa thài liông-pōe, tòe tio̍h lí lin-long se̍h, m̄ chai lí sī góa tō͘-kòe o͘-àm ê bêng-goe̍h.

朋友罵我太狼狽，綴著妳玲瓏迺，毋知妳是我度過烏暗的明月。

朋友骂我太狼狈，缀著你玲珑迺，毋知你是我度过乌暗的明月。


月兒

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² d͡zi⁵⁵/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² d͡zi⁵⁵/

(Mandarin) Erhua form of 月 (yuè, “moon”).

Diminutive of 月 (yuè, “moon”).
Erhua form of 月 (yuè, “moon”).


天燈

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/tʰiæ̃²⁴ təŋ²⁴/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tɐŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ tiɪŋ³³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/tʰiæ̃²⁴ təŋ²⁴/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tɐŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ tiɪŋ³³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

sky lantern (miniature hot-air balloon used during festivals)


月眉仔

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² bai²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ bai²⁴⁻²¹ a⁴²/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ bai²⁴⁻²¹ a⁴²/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ bai²⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ bai²⁴⁻²¹ a⁴²/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ bai¹³⁻²² a⁵³/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² bai²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ bai²⁴⁻²¹ a⁴²/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ bai²⁴⁻²¹ a⁴²/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ bai²⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ bai²⁴⁻²¹ a⁴²/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ bai¹³⁻²² a⁵³/


月痕仔

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ hun²⁴⁻²¹ a⁴²/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hun²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hun²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ hun²⁴⁻²¹ a⁴²/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ hun²⁴⁻²¹ a⁴²/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hun²⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hun²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ hun²⁴⁻²¹ a⁴²/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hun²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hun²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ hun²⁴⁻²¹ a⁴²/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ hun²⁴⁻²¹ a⁴²/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hun²⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hun²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/


月眉意

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ bai¹³⁻²² i²¹/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ bai²³⁻³³ i²¹/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ bai²⁴⁻¹¹ i¹¹/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ bai¹³⁻²² i²¹/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ bai²³⁻³³ i²¹/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ bai²⁴⁻¹¹ i¹¹/

(Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) crescent moon


月婆

/ɥɛ⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ᵑɡut̚³² pʰᵘɔ²¹/

/ɡə(ʔ)⁵⁴⁻¹² po²⁴/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ᵑɡut̚³² pʰᵘɔ²¹/

/ɡə(ʔ)⁵⁴⁻¹² po²⁴/


月華

/ɥɛ⁵¹ xu̯ä³⁵/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ xu̯ä³⁵/


月公公

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)³⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)³⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, childish) moon

(Zhangzhou Hokkien) something purely imaginary


月眉

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ bai²⁴/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² bai⁵⁵/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ bai²⁴/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² bai⁵⁵/

(Taiwanese Hokkien, Teochew) crescent moon


弦月

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/


月明爺

/yəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ mi¹¹ ie¹¹/

/yəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ mi¹¹ ie¹¹/


月出

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/

/jyːt̚² t͡sʰɵt̚⁵/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/

/jyːt̚² t͡sʰɵt̚⁵/


亮月

/liã²³ ŋəʔ¹¹/

/liã²³ ŋəʔ¹¹/


月牙牙

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ ŋa²² ŋa²³/

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ ŋa²² ŋa²³/


月亮光

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ liã²² kuɑ̃²³/

/ɦioʔ¹¹ liã²² kuɑ̃²³/

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ liã²² kuɑ̃²³/

/ɦioʔ¹¹ liã²² kuɑ̃²³/

(Yizhou Mandarin, Deqing Cantonese, Jiangyong Tuhua) moon

Yizhou Mandarin; Deqing Cantonese; Yizhou Mandarin; Deqing Cantonese


眉毛月

/mi⁵³⁻³³ mo⁵³⁻³³ ŋuoʔ⁵/

/mi⁵³⁻³³ mo⁵³⁻³³ ŋuoʔ⁵/


狼牙月

/lɑŋ³⁵ jä³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/lɑŋ³⁵ jä³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/


蛾眉月

/ˀɤ³⁵ meɪ̯³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/ŋɔː²¹ mei̯²¹ jyːt̚²/

/ˀɤ³⁵ meɪ̯³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/ŋɔː²¹ mei̯²¹ jyːt̚²/


玉兔兒

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰuɻʷ⁵¹/

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰuɻʷ⁵¹/


月二奶

/ŋyɛ⁴² ni⁵⁵ nai³³/

/ŋyɛ⁴² ni⁵⁵ nai³³/


月嬭

/buɛ³³ nɛ³¹/

/buɛ³³ nɛ³¹/


月痕

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² huŋ⁵⁵/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² huŋ⁵⁵/


月娘媽

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ niũ²⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ niu²⁴⁻²¹ ma⁴²/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² niũ²⁴⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ niu²⁴⁻²¹ ma⁴²/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ niɔ²⁴⁻²¹ ma⁴²/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ niɔ̃¹³⁻²² mã⁵³/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ niũ²⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ niu²⁴⁻²¹ ma⁴²/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² niũ²⁴⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ niu²⁴⁻²¹ ma⁴²/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ niɔ²⁴⁻²¹ ma⁴²/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ niɔ̃¹³⁻²² mã⁵³/


月暗暝

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ am¹¹⁻⁵³ mĩ²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ am²¹⁻⁵³ mĩ²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ am²¹⁻⁴¹ mẽ²³/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ am¹¹⁻⁵³ mĩ²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ am²¹⁻⁵³ mĩ²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ am²¹⁻⁴¹ mẽ²³/

(Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) moonless night; pitch-dark night


月光暝

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² mĩ²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ mĩ²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ mẽ²³/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² mĩ²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ mĩ²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ mẽ²³/

(Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) moonlit night; moonlit evening


月黑天

/ɥɛ⁵¹ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/jyːt̚² hɐk̚⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/jyːt̚² hɐk̚⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/


月黑夜

/ɥɛ⁵¹ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹/

/jyːt̚² hɐk̚⁵ jɛː²²/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹/

/jyːt̚² hɐk̚⁵ jɛː²²/


月黑頭

/ɥɛ⁵¹ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/jyːt̚² hɐk̚⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/jyːt̚² hɐk̚⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/