漢族

/xæ̃⁴⁴ t͡su²⁴/

/hɔːn³³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/hᵘɔn³³ tɵk̚³²/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/han¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/han²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sok̚⁴/

/hø³³ zoʔ⁴⁴/

/xæ̃⁴⁴ t͡su²⁴/

/hɔːn³³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/hᵘɔn³³ tɵk̚³²/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/han¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/han²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sok̚⁴/

/hø³³ zoʔ⁴⁴/

The autonym “Han” is derived from the Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD) in Chinese history.

Han Chinese (the largest ethnic group indigenous to China)


紅毛人

/hʊŋ²¹ mou̯²¹ jɐn²¹/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/aŋ²³⁻²¹ mɔ²³⁻²¹ laŋ²³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mɔ²⁴⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ naŋ⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ mou̯²¹ jɐn²¹/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/aŋ²³⁻²¹ mɔ²³⁻²¹ laŋ²³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mɔ²⁴⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ naŋ⁵⁵/

(Malaysian Hokkien, Singapore Hokkien, Teochew) Westerner; white person


仫佬

/mu⁵¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɔ̃²²⁻²¹ lo⁵³/

/mɔ̃⁴¹⁻²² nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

/mu⁵¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɔ̃²²⁻²¹ lo⁵³/

/mɔ̃⁴¹⁻²² nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

Mulao (an ethnic group of southern China)


仫佬族

/mu⁵¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/mʊk̚² lou̯¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/mɔ̃²²⁻²¹ lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/mɔ̃²²⁻²¹ lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/mɔ̃⁴¹⁻²² nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/mu⁵¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/mʊk̚² lou̯¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/mɔ̃²²⁻²¹ lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/mɔ̃²²⁻²¹ lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/mɔ̃⁴¹⁻²² nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

Mulao people (an ethnic group of southern China)


夷狄

/jiː²¹ tɪk̚²/

/jiː²¹ tɪk̚²/

From archaic exonymic references to tribes that were not considered 諸夏, but were physically located close to the 中國; from 夷 (OC *lil, “eastern tribes”) + 狄 (OC *deːɡ, “northern tribes”).

The Master said, "The barbarians have their princes, and are not like the States of our great land which are without them."

The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE

Zǐyuē: “Yídí zhī yǒu jūn, bùrú zhūxià zhī wáng yě.”

子曰：「夷狄之有君，不如諸夏之亡也。」

子曰：「夷狄之有君，不如诸夏之亡也。」

(historical, archaic) the barbarians (peoples inhabiting regions peripheral to the historical Chinese heartland)

(literary, derogatory) barbarian (any ethnic group considered uncivilized)


韃虜

/tä³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tä³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(ethnic slur, derogatory, archaic) non-Han ethnic groups in North China, especially the Manchus


紅毛

→ English: ang moh, angmoh, ang mo

desc

→ Thai: อั้งม้อ (âng-mɔ́ɔ), อั้งม่อ (âng-mɔ̂ɔ), อั้งหม้อ (âng-mɔ̂ɔ)

/xʊŋ³⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ mou̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ mou̯²¹/

/hɵŋ²² ᵐbau²²/

/hɵŋ²² ᵐbau²²⁻²²⁵/

/øyŋ⁵³⁻³³ mo⁵³/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/aŋ²³⁻²¹ mɔ²³/

/aŋ¹³⁻²² mɔ̃¹³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mɔ²⁴/

/aŋ¹³⁻²² mɔ̃⁴⁴/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mo⁵⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ mou̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ mou̯²¹/

/hɵŋ²² ᵐbau²²/

/hɵŋ²² ᵐbau²²⁻²²⁵/

/øyŋ⁵³⁻³³ mo⁵³/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/aŋ²³⁻²¹ mɔ²³/

/aŋ¹³⁻²² mɔ̃¹³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mɔ²⁴/

/aŋ¹³⁻²² mɔ̃⁴⁴/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mo⁵⁵/

(Hokkien, historical, archaic) British or English person


突厥

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (突厥):
* → Japanese: 突厥(とっけつ) (Tokketsu)
* → Korean: 돌궐(突厥) (Dolgwol)
* → Vietnamese: Đột Quyết (突厥)

/tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/tɐt̚² kʰyːt̚³/

/tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/tɐt̚² kʰyːt̚³/

Ultimately from a form which also gave rise to the name Türk (cf. 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜 (Türük)), but the phonetics are difficult to reconcile.
It has been suggested that this is a transcription of Rouran *türküt, a plural of the Mongolic type, composed of *türk + *-üt (cf. Khalkha Mongolian -үүд (-üüd)) (Pelliot, 1915). Pulleyblank (1965) proposed that this is a direct transcription of Türk.

Turk (collective name for various Turkic ethnic groups)


維吾爾

/weɪ̯³⁵ u³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯²¹ ŋ̍²¹ jiː¹³/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵³/

/ui¹³⁻²² ŋɔ̃¹³⁻²² d͡zĩ⁵³/

/vi²² ŋu⁵⁵ ɦəl²¹/

/weɪ̯³⁵ u³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯²¹ ŋ̍²¹ jiː¹³/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/ui²⁴⁻²² ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵³/

/ui¹³⁻²² ŋɔ̃¹³⁻²² d͡zĩ⁵³/

/vi²² ŋu⁵⁵ ɦəl²¹/

From Uyghur ئۇيغۇر (uyghur). Doublet of 回紇 /回纥 (Huíhé), 回鶻 /回鹘 (Huíhú), and 畏兀兒 /畏兀儿 (Wèiwù'ér).


諸夏

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ haː²²/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ haː²²/

The Master said, "The rude tribes of the east and north have their princes, and are not like the States of our great land which are without them."

The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Zǐyuē: “Yídí zhī yǒu jūn, bùrú zhūxià zhī wú yě.”

子曰：「夷狄之有君，不如諸夏之亡也。」

子曰：「夷狄之有君，不如诸夏之亡也。」

The Rong and Di are dholes and wolves and may not be satisfied; the various grand states are close intimates and may not be abandoned. Ease and peace are banes and poisons and may not be embraced.

Róngdí cháiláng, bùkě yàn yě; zhūxià qīnnì, bùkě qì yě. Yàn'ān zhèndú, bùkě huái yě.

戎狄豺狼，不可厭也；諸夏親暱，不可棄也。宴安酖毒，不可懷也。

戎狄豺狼，不可厌也；诸夏亲昵，不可弃也。宴安鸩毒，不可怀也。

(archaic, historical) the diverse Xias; the peoples of the historical Chinese heartland that identify with each other


阿昌族

→ Bouyei: Aycangyzuf

→ Zhuang: Ahcanghcuz

/ˀä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/aː³³ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/a³³ t͡sʰiɔŋ³³ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/aː³³ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/a³³ t͡sʰiɔŋ³³ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/


貝儂

/peɪ̯⁵¹ nʊŋ³⁵/

/peɪ̯⁵¹ nʊŋ³⁵/

Borrowed from Zhuang beixnuengx (“siblings; relatives; close friends”).

bor

各位貝儂

各位贝侬

2016 June 12, “兩岸「貝儂」相聚安平村”, in 左江日報:

6 yuè 2 rì, láizì Táiwān Huālián Xiàn de Táiwān tóngbāo yǔ Guǎngxī Dàxīn Xiàn Léipíng Zhèn gànbù qúnzhòng, zài gāi zhèn Ānpíng Cūn huānjùyītáng, kāizhǎn “bèinóng” (zhuàngyǔ zhōng wéi xiōngdì jiěmèi qīnqī péngyǒu de yìsī) xiàngjù yījiāqīn liányì huódòng.

6月2日，來自臺灣花蓮縣的臺灣同胞與廣西大新縣雷平鎮幹部群眾，在該鎮安平村歡聚一堂，開展「貝儂」（壯語中為兄弟姐妹親戚朋友的意思）相聚一家親聯誼活動。

2016 June 12, “兩岸「貝儂」相聚安平村”, in 左江日報:

6月2日，来自台湾花莲县的台湾同胞与广西大新县雷平镇干部群众，在该镇安平村欢聚一堂，开展「贝侬」（壮语中为兄弟姐妹亲戚朋友的意思）相聚一家亲联谊活动。

2017 July 30, “馬山「貝儂」調解同唱和事歌”, in 人民法院報:

“wǒmen qù tīng tīng ‘bèinóng’ shì zěnme pǔfǎ de.”

「我們去聽聽『貝儂』是怎麼普法的。」

「我们去听听『贝侬』是怎么普法的。」

“yǒu máfán jiūfēn, dàjiā mò èzhēng. ‘bèinóng’ lái zuò zuò, héshì shāngē hēng!”

「有麻煩糾紛，大家莫惡爭。『貝儂』來坐坐，和事山歌哼！」

「有麻烦纠纷，大家莫恶争。『贝侬』来坐坐，和事山歌哼！」

(used among ethnic Zhuang) relatives and close friends


阿美族

/ˀä⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/aː³³ mei̯¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/ˀä⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/aː³³ mei̯¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

Amis people (an indigenous people of Taiwan)


拉祜族

/lä⁵⁵ xu⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ wuː³⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/la³³ hɔ²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/la⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/la⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/lä⁵⁵ xu⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ wuː³⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/la³³ hɔ²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/la⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/la⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/


佤族

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/


德昂族

/tɤ³⁵ ˀɑŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ ŋɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ɡɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/tɤ³⁵ ˀɑŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ ŋɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ɡɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/


蒙古族

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/mʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/muŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋu³³⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ʒuʔ⁵/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/bɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/bɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/mʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/muŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋu³³⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ʒuʔ⁵/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/bɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/bɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

Mongol a person of Mongol or Mongolian ethnicity


仡佬族

/kɤ⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/ko³³ nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/kɤ⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/ko³³ nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/


泰雅族

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ ŋaː¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ ŋaː¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/


鄒族

/t͡soʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/t͡soʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

Tsou people (an indigenous people of Taiwan)


卡那卡那富族

Kǎnàkǎnàfùzú

ㄎㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄈㄨˋ ㄗㄨˊ

Kǎnàkǎnàfùzú

Kǎnàkǎnàfùzú

Канаканафуцзу

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ naː¹³ kʰaː⁵⁵ naː¹³ fuː³³ t͡sʊk̚²/

Kanakanavu people, an ethnic group in Taiwan


排灣族

/pʰaɪ̯³⁵ wän⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/pʰaːi̯²¹ waːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/pʰaɪ̯³⁵ wän⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/pʰaːi̯²¹ waːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

Paiwan people (an indigenous people of Taiwan)


達悟族

/tä³⁵ u⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/taːt̚² ŋ̍²² t͡sʊk̚²/

/tä³⁵ u⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/taːt̚² ŋ̍²² t͡sʊk̚²/

Yami people (an indigenous people of Taiwan)


太魯閣族

ㄊㄞˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄗㄨˊ

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ lou̯¹³ kɔːk̚³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ lou̯¹³ kɔːk̚³ t͡sʊk̚²/

Taroko people, an ethnic group in Taiwan


賽夏族

ㄙㄞˋ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄗㄨˊ

/saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ haː²² t͡sʊk̚²/

/saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ haː²² t͡sʊk̚²/

Saisiyat people (an indigenous people of Taiwan)


卑南族

/peɪ̯⁵⁵ nän³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/peɪ̯⁵⁵ nän³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

Puyuma people (an indigenous people of Taiwan)


魯凱族

/lu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/lu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

Rukai people (an indigenous people of Taiwan)


布農族

ㄅㄨˋ ㄋㄨㄥˊ ㄗㄨˊ

/pu⁵¹ nʊŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/pou̯³³ nʊŋ²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ lɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/pu⁵¹ nʊŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/pou̯³³ nʊŋ²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ lɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/


拉阿魯哇族

ㄌㄚ ㄚ ㄌㄨˇ ㄨㄚ ㄗㄨˊ

ㄌㄚˇ ㄚ ㄌㄨˇ ㄨㄚˇ ㄗㄨˊ

/lä⁵⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ wä⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/lä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀä⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ aː³³ lou̯¹³ waː⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/lä⁵⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ wä⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ aː³³ lou̯¹³ waː⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

Saaroa people, an ethnic group in Taiwan


撒奇萊雅族

ㄙㄚ ㄑㄧˊ ㄌㄞˊ ㄧㄚˇ ㄗㄨˊ

/sä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/saːt̚³ kʰei̯²¹ lɔːi̯²¹ ŋaː¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/sä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/saːt̚³ kʰei̯²¹ lɔːi̯²¹ ŋaː¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

Sakizaya people, an ethnic group in Taiwan


噶瑪蘭族

ㄍㄚˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄗㄨˊ

ㄍㄜˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄗㄨˊ

/kä³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ maː¹³ laːn²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/kä³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ maː¹³ laːn²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/


邵族

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/siːu̯²² t͡sʊk̚²/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/siːu̯²² t͡sʊk̚²/


賽德克族

ㄙㄞˋ ㄉㄜˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄗㄨˊ

/saɪ̯⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ tɐk̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ tɐk̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

Seediq people, an ethnic group in Taiwan


党項

/tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/tɔːŋ³⁵ hɔːŋ²²/

/tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/tɔːŋ³⁵ hɔːŋ²²/

Dangxiang (Tangut), an ancient ethnic group in China


室韋

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵/

/sɐt̚⁵ wɐi̯²¹/

/sɐt̚⁵ wɐi̯¹³/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵/

/sɐt̚⁵ wɐi̯²¹/

/sɐt̚⁵ wɐi̯¹³/

Borrowed from Xianbei *širwi; likely a late form of *serbi.

(historical) previous county in Hulunbuir


𱎼家

/kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/


東干人

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kän⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kɔːn⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kän⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kɔːn⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/


大武壠族

ㄉㄚˋ ㄨˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄗㄨˊ

/tä⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/


雅美族

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/


沙陀突厥

ㄕㄚ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ

ㄕㄚ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄨˊ ㄐㄩㄝˊ

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

the Shatuo Turks (a tribe that influenced northern Chinese politics from the late 9th century through the 10th century)


仡佬

/kɤ⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³/

/ko³³ nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² lo⁵³/

/kɤ⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³/

/ko³³ nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² lo⁵³/

From Gelao klau˥, ultimately derived from the etymon *k.raːw, whence also 獠 (lǎo, “general name for ethnic groups in southwestern China”) (Ferlus, 2009).


蒙族

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/mɤŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/mɤŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

Short for 蒙古族 (Měnggǔzú, “Mongol people, Mongolian people, ethnically Mongol or Mongolian”).


崩龍族

/pɤŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/pɐŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/pɤŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/pɐŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/


土生葡人

ㄊㄨˇ ㄕㄥ ㄆㄨˊ ㄖㄣˊ

тушэн пужэнь

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ pʰu³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/tʰou̯³⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵ pʰou̯²¹ jɐn²¹/

/tʰu³³ sã⁴⁴ bu²² n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ pʰu³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/tʰou̯³⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵ pʰou̯²¹ jɐn²¹/

/tʰu³³ sã⁴⁴ bu²² n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

Macanese (an ethnic group from Macau of mixed European (usually Portuguese) and Asian (usually Chinese) origin)


琉球族

ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄗㄨˊ

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵/


猓玀

/ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/lu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/lu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/


有唐山公，無唐山媽

/u²²⁻²¹ tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴ bo²⁴⁻²² tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/u⁴¹⁻²² tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² suã³³ kɔŋ³³ bo²⁴⁻²² tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² suã³³ mã⁵⁵⁴/

/u²²⁻²¹ tŋ̍¹³⁻²² suã⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴ bo¹³⁻²² tŋ̍¹³⁻²² suã⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/u³³⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ suã⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴ bo²⁴⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ suã⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/

/u³³⁻²¹ tŋ̍²³⁻³³ suã⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴ bɤ²³⁻³³ tŋ̍²³⁻³³ suã⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

(Taiwanese Hokkien) Used to describe the historical intermarriage of Han immigrant men with aboriginal women.


諸華

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ waː²¹/

If we'd wear out [our] troops warring against the Rong and Chu'd attack Chen, then we'd surely not able to save [Chen]; that'd amount to abandoning Chen. The various flourishing states would surely rebel.

Láo shī yú Róng, ér Chǔ fá Chén, bì fú néng jiù, shì qì Chén yě. Zhūhuá bì pàn.

勞師於戎，而楚伐陳，必弗能救，是棄陳也。諸華必叛。

劳师于戎，而楚伐陈，必弗能救，是弃陈也。诸华必叛。

Wearing the troops out warring against the Rong and losing the various flourishing states; even if we'd achieve such a feat, that'd be like catching preys yet losing people. Why employ that [approach]?

Láo shī yú róng, ér shī Zhūhuá, suī yǒu gōng, yóu dé shòu ér shī rén yě, ān yòng zhī?

勞師于戎，而失諸華，雖有功，猶得獸而失人也，安用之？

劳师于戎，而失诸华，虽有功，犹得兽而失人也，安用之？

(archaic, historical) the diverse Huas; the peoples of the historical Chinese heartland that identify with each other


紅毛婆

ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄠˊ ㄆㄛˊ

/xʊŋ³⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ mou̯²¹ pʰɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ mou̯²¹ pʰɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

1972 May 23, “「武細佬」生性好急 「太極王」大搖其頭”, in 新明日報 [Shin Min Daily News]:

keoi⁵ ge³ sam¹ ngaan⁵ daai⁶ dou³ dim² ne¹? jan⁴ dei⁶ wan² lou⁵ po⁴, wan² go³ tung⁴ zuk⁶ gaa³ maa³, keoi⁵ wan² lou⁵ po⁴ geoi¹ jin⁴ wan² dou³⁻² “hung⁴ mou⁴ po⁴⁻²” san¹ soeng⁶.

佢嘅心眼大到點呢？人地搵老婆，搵個同族㗎嘛，佢搵老婆居然搵到「紅毛婆」身上。

佢嘅心眼大到点呢？人地揾老婆，揾个同族㗎嘛，佢揾老婆居然揾到「红毛婆」身上。


穿青人

Чуаньцинжэнь

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/


臭泊

/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

黃頭臭泊二室韋

黄头臭泊二室韦


南侗

/nän³⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹/

南侗民歌


北侗

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵¹/


哈扎拉人

ㄏㄚ ㄓㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄖㄣˊ

/xä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/xä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/


俐侎人

/li⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/li⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/


黎峒

/li³⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/li³⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹/

(ethnic group) a tribe of Hlai people living around Wuzhi Mountain, Hainan.


山地同胞

ㄕㄢ ㄉㄧˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄅㄠ

шаньди тунбао

/ʂän⁵⁵ ti⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵ pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʂän⁵⁵ ti⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵ pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

(Taiwan, historical, officialese) Taiwanese indigenous peoples


沙種

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/sua³³ t͡siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/sua³³ t͡siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/


過泗

/kue²¹⁻⁵³ su²¹/

/kue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ su⁴¹/

/kue²¹⁻⁵³ su²¹/

/kue¹¹⁻⁵³ su¹¹/

/kue²¹⁻⁴¹ su²¹/

/kue²¹⁻⁵³ su²¹/

/kue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ su⁴¹/

/kue²¹⁻⁵³ su²¹/

/kue¹¹⁻⁵³ su¹¹/

/kue²¹⁻⁴¹ su²¹/


紅毛囝

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kĩã⁵²/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kĩã⁵²/

(Teochew) red-haired person; (by extension) Caucasian person; white person; ang moh


歐亞族

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ jä⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ aː³³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ jä⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ aː³³ t͡sʊk̚²/

(Singapore) Eurasian (person of mixed European and Asian ancestry)