龍

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (龍):
* → Japanese: 竜(りゅう) (ryū)
* → Korean: 룡>용(龍) (ryong>yong)
* → Vietnamese: long (龍)

→ Indonesian: liong

desctree

→ Proto-Vietic: *-roːŋ
Tho:
Cuoi Cham: ʐoŋ²
Lang Lo: ʐoŋ²
Viet-Muong:
Muong: rồng
Middle Vietnamese: 蠬 (ròu᷄), 𧏵 (ròu᷄)
Vietnamese: rồng

→ Old Turkic: 𐰠𐰇 (lü)

→ Middle Mongol: ᠯᠤᠤ (luu)

Classical Mongolian: ᠯᠤᠤ (luu)

Mongolian: ᠯᠤᠤ /луу (luu)

→ Zhuang: lungz

Old Turkic language
Proto-Hmong-Mien language
Proto-Vietic language
Turkish language
Vietnamese language
White Hmong language

Characters in the same phonetic series (龍) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – originally a serpent with prominent whiskered mouth and eyes.
Current form developed in large seal script, with serpent’s body on right (tail at upper right, legs on right), whiskered/fanged mouth at lower left, and eyes/crown at upper left. Left side was subsequently simplified and abstracted, with some influence of 立 and ⺼/月. Note that 竜 existed as a traditional variant dating back to large seal script, and figures a dragon seen face-on, rather than curled around.
Compare 𣎆, which represents a particular kind of dragon.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-bru(ŋ/k) (“dragon; thunder”). Cognate with Tibetan འབྲུག ('brug, “dragon; thunder”). The STEDT database also lists 隆 (OC *ɡ·ruːŋ, “thunder; sound of thunder”) and 雹 (OC *bruːɡ, “hail”) as cognates. Also compare 靐 (OC *brɯŋs, “sound of thunder”) and 霹靂 (OC *pʰeːɡ reːɡ, “thunder”).
This word is found in many languages of the region. Compare Proto-Hmong-Mien *-roŋ (“dragon”) (White Hmong zaj), Proto-Vietic *-roːŋ (“dragon”) (Vietnamese rồng), Vietnamese thuồng luồng (“serpent-like monster”), Khmer រោង (roong, “year of the dragon”), Thai มะโรง (má-roong, “dragon; year of the dragon”), Lao ມະໂລງ (ma lōng, “year of the dragon”), perhaps also Old Turkic [script needed]|[Term?] (*-lan, suffix denoting a wild, predatory animal) (Turkish aslan (“lion”), kaplan (“tiger”), yılan (“snake”)).

cog-lite

龙
㡣
䮾
䰱
竜
龒
𠉒
𠊋
𢀀
𢄫
𢅛
𥪐
𥪑
𥪖
𥪢
𥫆
𥫈
𦱉
𦱸

恐龍

恐龙

翼手龍

翼手龙

(zoology, paleontology) extinct reptilian creature; -saur


化石

/xu̯ä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/faː³³ sɛːk̚²/

/hua²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾luoʔ⁵/

/hua²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liʔ⁵/

/hua²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sioʔ²⁴/

/hua²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sioʔ¹²¹/

/hua²¹⁻⁵³ siɪk̚⁴/

/hue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sieʔ⁴/

/hue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sioʔ⁴/

/xu̯ä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/faː³³ sɛːk̚²/

/hua²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾luoʔ⁵/

/hua²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liʔ⁵/

/hua²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sioʔ²⁴/

/hua²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sioʔ¹²¹/

/hua²¹⁻⁵³ siɪk̚⁴/

/hue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sieʔ⁴/

/hue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sioʔ⁴/


北京人

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiã⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiã³³ laŋ²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ kiã⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ¹³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiã⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiã³³ laŋ²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ kiã⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ¹³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/

Homo erectus pekinensis
Homo erectus pekinensis#Translingual

(paleontology, archaeology, anthropology) Peking Man (Homo erectus pekinensis)


始祖鳥

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiː³⁵ t͡sou̯³⁵ niːu̯¹³/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiː³⁵ t͡sou̯³⁵ niːu̯¹³/


古生物學

ㄍㄨˇ ㄕㄥ ㄨˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ u⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵ mɐt̚² hɔːk̚²/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ u⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵ mɐt̚² hɔːk̚²/


古生物

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ u⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵ mɐt̚²/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ u⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵ mɐt̚²/


古氣候學

ㄍㄨˇ ㄑㄧˋ ㄏㄡˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ hau²²⁻²¹ hak̚⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hau⁴¹⁻²² hak̚²⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ hau²²⁻²¹ hak̚¹²¹/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ hau³³⁻¹¹ hak̚⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ hau³³⁻²¹ hak̚⁴/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ hau²²⁻²¹ hak̚⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hau⁴¹⁻²² hak̚²⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰi²¹⁻⁵³ hau²²⁻²¹ hak̚¹²¹/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ hau³³⁻¹¹ hak̚⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ hau³³⁻²¹ hak̚⁴/


石炭紀

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ tʰän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/sɛːk̚² tʰaːn³³ kei̯³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ tʰän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/sɛːk̚² tʰaːn³³ kei̯³⁵/

(geology) the Carboniferous period (part of the Paleozoic era, spanning from 358.9 to 298.9 million years ago)


古生代

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵ tɔːi̯²²/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵ tɔːi̯²²/

(geology) the Paleozoic era (part of the Phanerozoic eon, spanning from 541 to 252.17 million years ago)


中生代

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵ tɔːi̯²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵ tɔːi̯²²/

(geology) the Mesozoic era (part of the Phanerozoic eon, spanning from 252.17 to 66.0 million years ago)


白堊紀

/paɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/paːk̚² ɔːk̚³ kei̯³³/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/paːk̚² ɔːk̚³ kei̯³³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 白堊紀.

obor

(geology) the Cretaceous period (part of the Mesozoic era, spanning from 145.0 to 66.0 million years ago)


新生代

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵ tɔːi̯²²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tai³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tai²²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵ tɔːi̯²²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tai³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tai²²/

(geology) the Cenozoic era (part of the Phanerozoic eon, spanning from 66.0 million years ago until the present)


第四紀

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/tɐi̯²² sei̯³³ kei̯³³/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/tɐi̯²² sei̯³³ kei̯³³/

(geology) the Quaternary period (part of the Cenozoic era, spanning from 2.588 million years ago until the present)


古近紀

ㄍㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄐㄧˋ

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ kɐn²² kei̯³⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ kɐn²² kei̯³⁵/

(geology) the Paleogene period (part of the Cenozoic era, spanning from 66.0 to 23.03 million years ago)


新近紀

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄐㄧˋ

Синьцзинь Цзи

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kɐn²² kei̯³⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kɐn²² kei̯³⁵/

(geology) the Neogene period (part of the Cenozoic era, spanning from 23.03 to 2.588 million years ago)


侏羅紀

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹ kei̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹ kei̯³⁵/

(geology) the Jurassic period (part of the Mesozoic era, spanning from 201.3 to 145.0 million years ago)


三疊紀

/sän⁵⁵ ti̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/sän⁵⁵ ti̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 三疊紀 (Sanjōki), a calque from German Trias (“Triassic”, literally “triad”), from New Latin trias (“triad”), from Ancient Greek τριάς (triás, “triad”).

der

(geology) the Triassic period (part of the Mesozoic era, spanning from 252.17 to 201.3 million years ago)


二疊紀

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ti̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ti̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 二畳紀.

obor

(geology) the Permian period (part of the Paleozoic era, spanning from 298.9 to 252.17 million years ago)


泥盆紀

/ni³⁵ pʰən³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/nɐi̯²¹ pʰuːn²¹ kei̯³⁵/

/ni³⁵ pʰən³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/nɐi̯²¹ pʰuːn²¹ kei̯³⁵/

(geology) the Devonian period (part of the Paleozoic era, spanning from 419.2 to 358.9 million years ago)


匠人

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (匠人):
* → Japanese: 匠人(しょうじん) (shōjin)
* → Korean: 장인(匠人) (jang'in)

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ²² jɐn²¹/

/ʑiã²² n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ²² jɐn²¹/

/ʑiã²² n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

Homo ergaster
Homo ergaster#Translingual

(paleontology, anthropology) Homo ergaster


能人

/nɤŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/nɐŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/

/nŋ̍²⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² d͡zin¹³/

/nɤŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/nɐŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/

/nŋ̍²⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² d͡zin¹³/

(paleontology, anthropology) Homo habilis


魚龍

/jyː²¹ lʊŋ²¹/

/jyː²¹ lʊŋ²¹/


鴨嘴龍

ㄧㄚ ㄗㄨㄟˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ

/jä⁵⁵ t͡su̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/aːp̚³ t͡sɵy̯³⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/jä⁵⁵ t͡su̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/aːp̚³ t͡sɵy̯³⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

duck-billed dinosaur
duck-billed dinosaur

(paleontology) hadrosaur; duck-billed dinosaur


䗴

Coined by Chinese geologist Li Siguang in 1934 based on the principle of ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 虫 (“animal; small organism”) + 筳 (“spindle”), a fossil organism shaped like a spindle (Latin fūsus). The pronunciation derives from the principle of phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声) with 筳 (tíng) as the phonetic component.

Han compound

(paleontology) fusulinid (extinct single-celled organisms in the order Fusulinida)


翼手龍

/i⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/jɪk̚² sɐu̯³⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/i⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/jɪk̚² sɐu̯³⁵ lʊŋ²¹/


翼指龍

/i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/jɪk̚² t͡siː³⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/jɪk̚² t͡siː³⁵ lʊŋ²¹/


格魯吉亞人

ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄨˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ ㄖㄣˊ

ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄨˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄧㄚˇ ㄖㄣˊ

гэлуцзияжэнь

/kɤ³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ jä⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kaːk̚³ lou̯¹³ kɐt̚⁵ aː³³ jɐn²¹/

/kɤ³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ jä⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kaːk̚³ lou̯¹³ kɐt̚⁵ aː³³ jɐn²¹/

(Mainland China, paleontology, anthropology, rare) Homo georgicus


丹尼索瓦人

ㄉㄢ ㄋㄧˊ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄨㄚˇ ㄖㄣˊ

Даньнисоважэнь

/tän⁵⁵ ni³⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/tän⁵⁵ ni³⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

(paleontology, anthropology) Denisovan (extinct species of human)


直立人

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ li⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡sɪk̚² laːp̚² jɐn²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ li⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡sɪk̚² laːp̚² jɐn²¹/

(paleontology, anthropology) Homo erectus


北京猿人

ㄅㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄩㄢˊ ㄖㄣˊ

Бэйцзин юаньжэнь

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ jɐn²¹/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ jɐn²¹/

(paleontology, archaeology, anthropology) Peking Man (Homo erectus pekinensis)


甘肅鳥

/kän⁵⁵ su⁵¹ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kän⁵⁵ su⁵¹ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


玉門甘肅鳥

ㄩˋ ㄇㄣˊ ㄍㄢ ㄙㄨˋ ㄋㄧㄠˇ

Юймэнь ганьсуняо

/y⁵¹ mən³⁵ kän⁵⁵ su⁵¹ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/y⁵¹ mən³⁵ kän⁵⁵ su⁵¹ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


孔子鳥

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (孔子鳥):
* → Japanese: 孔(こう)子(し)鳥(ちょう) (kōshichō)

ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄗˇ ㄋㄧㄠˇ

/kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵ niːu̯¹³/

/hʊŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵ niːu̯¹³/


聖賢孔子鳥

ㄕㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄢˊ ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄗˇ ㄋㄧㄠˇ

шэнсянь кунцзыняо

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ³³ jiːn²¹ hʊŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵ niːu̯¹³/

/sɪŋ³³ jiːn²¹ hʊŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵ niːu̯¹³/


長者智人

ㄓㄤˇ ㄓㄜˇ ㄓˋ ㄖㄣˊ

чжанчжэ чжижэнь

čžančžɛ čžižɛnʹ

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

Homo sapiens idaltu
Homo sapiens idaltu#Translingual

(paleontology, anthropology) Homo sapiens idaltu


尼安德特人

ㄋㄧˊ ㄢ ㄉㄜˊ ㄊㄜˋ ㄖㄣˊ

нианьдэтэжэнь

/ni³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/nei̯²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ tɐk̚² jɐn²¹/

/ni³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/nei̯²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ tɐk̚² jɐn²¹/

Homo neanderthalensis
Homo neanderthalensis#Translingual

(Mainland China, paleontology, anthropology) Neanderthal; Homo neanderthalensis


尼安德塔人

ㄋㄧˊ ㄢ ㄉㄜˊ ㄊㄚˇ ㄖㄣˊ

нианьдэтажэнь

/ni³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/nei̯²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ tʰaːp̚³ jɐn²¹/

/ni³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/nei̯²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ tʰaːp̚³ jɐn²¹/

(Hong Kong, Taiwan, paleontology, anthropology) Neanderthal; Homo neanderthalensis


尼人

/ni³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/ni³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

Short for 尼安德特人 (ní'āndétèrén) or 尼安德塔人 (ní'āndétǎrén).

zh-l

尼安德特人 (ní'āndétèrén)

尼安德塔人 (ní'āndétǎrén)

Presently, most paleontologists have abandoned the viewpoint that Neanderthals are one of the transitional stages of evolution from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens.

2014, 吴相钰 (Wu Xiangyu); 陈守良 (Chen Shouliang); 葛明德 (Ge Mingde), chief editors, 《陈阅增普通生物学》 [Chen Yuezeng General Biology], 4th edition, Beijing: Higher Education Press, →ISBN , page 448

Xiànzài duōshù gǔshēngwùxuéjiā fàngqì le nírén shì zhílìrén xiàng zhìrén jìnhuà de yīge guòdù jiēduàn de guāndiǎn.

現在多數古生物學家放棄了尼人是直立人向智人進化的一個過渡階段的觀點。

现在多数古生物学家放弃了尼人是直立人向智人进化的一个过渡阶段的观点。

(paleontology, anthropology) Neanderthal; Homo neanderthalensis