武鬥

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ toʊ̯⁵¹/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ toʊ̯⁵¹/

(particularly historical) violent conflicts involving different factions of red guards during the Cultural Revolution


茶位

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaː²¹ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaː²¹ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

2023 March 14, 安祖娜, “港媽4大2小飲茶叫6人位 被要求付6人茶錢竟批：BB未夠1歲都計？”, in 香港01:

“bi⁴ bi¹ mei⁶ gau³ jat¹ seoi³ dou¹ jiu³ sau¹ caa⁴ wai⁶ me¹?”

「BB未夠1歲都要收茶位咩？」

「BB未够1岁都要收茶位咩？」

“jyu⁴ gwo² bi⁴ bi¹ m⁴ gai³ caa⁴ wai⁶, nei⁵ dei⁶ ceot¹ min⁶ zoi³ dang² giu³ fei¹”

「如果BB唔計茶位，你哋出面再等叫飛」

「如果BB唔计茶位，你哋出面再等叫飞」

number of guests in a party at a restaurant, especially a dim sum restaurant (茶樓／茶楼 (chálóu))


檯號

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹⁻³⁵ hou̯²¹/

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹⁻³⁵ hou̯²¹/


金圓券

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄩㄢˊ ㄑㄩㄢˋ

цзиньюаньцюань

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ɦyø³³ t͡ɕʰyø²¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ɦyø³³ t͡ɕʰyø²¹/

Republic of China
Republic of China#English

(historical) Chinese gold yuan (currency issued by the Republic of China government during 1948 to 1949)


共戴

/kʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/kʊŋ²² taːi̯³³/

/kʊŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/kʊŋ²² taːi̯³³/

Bogd Khanate of Mongolia
w:Bogd Khanate of Mongolia

the Gongdai era (a Chinese era name; the era of Bogd Khan as khagan of the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia, from 1911 to 1915, and then as restored from 1921 to 1924)


通治

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː²²/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː²²/

the Tongzhi era (a Chinese era name; the era proclaimed by Chadu, a rebel who captured Chengdu and attempted to install himself as the emperor of a vassal state under the suzerainty of the Qing dynasty in 1917)


洪憲

/xʊŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/hʊŋ²¹ hiːn³³/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/hʊŋ²¹ hiːn³³/

(～帝) the Hongxian Emperor, also known as Yuan Shikai; the only emperor of the short-lived Empire of China, which lasted from December 1915 until March 1916

the Hongxian era (a Chinese era name; the era of that emperor's reign)


崇德

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/sʊŋ²¹ tɐk̚⁵/

/t͡suŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾naiʔ²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sɔŋ¹³⁻²² tiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sɔŋ²³⁻³³ tiɪk̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/sʊŋ²¹ tɐk̚⁵/

/t͡suŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾naiʔ²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sɔŋ¹³⁻²² tiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sɔŋ²³⁻³³ tiɪk̚³²/

See also Manchu ᠸᡝᠰᡳᡥᡠᠨ
ᡝᡵᡩᡝᠮᡠᠩᡤᡝ (wesihun erdemungge).

m+

ᠸᡝᠰᡳᡥᡠᠨ ᡝᡵᡩᡝᠮᡠᠩᡤᡝ

Emperor Taizong
w:Emperor Taizong of Qing

the Chongde era (a Chinese era name; the era of Emperor Taizong of Qing, from the proclamation of the Qing dynasty in 1636 until 1643)


天聰

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ t͡sʰɔŋ³³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ t͡sʰɔŋ³³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

the Tiancong era (a Chinese era name; the era of Hong Taiji as khan of the Later Jin, from 1627 until the founding of the Qing dynasty in 1636)


東武

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ mou̯¹³/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ mou̯¹³/

the Dongwu era (a Chinese era name; the era of Zhu Changqing as regent of the Southern Ming, in 1648)


定武

/tiŋ⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɪŋ²² mou̯¹³/

/tiŋ⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɪŋ²² mou̯¹³/

the Dingwu era (a Chinese era name; the supposed era of that emperor's reign, claimed to be from 1646 to 1663)


紹武

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

the Shaowu era (the intended Chinese era name of that emperor, which never officially began due to the death of the emperor before the intended date of introduction)


監國

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/kaːm⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/kaːm⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

(historical) the Jianguo era (a Chinese era name; the era of Zhu Yihai as regent of the Southern Ming, from 1646 to 1653)


隆武

/lʊŋ³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ²¹ mou̯¹³/

/lʊŋ³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ²¹ mou̯¹³/

the Longwu era (a Chinese era name; the era of that emperor's reign, from 1645 to 1646)


天啟

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ kʰɐi̯³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ kʰɐi̯³⁵/

The era proclaimed by Yuan Faseng of Northern Wei, a rebel who declared himself emperor, in 525.

The era proclaimed by Xiao Zhuang of Liang, a claimant to the Southern dynasties throne, from 558 to 560.

The second era of King Zhaocheng of Nanzhao, from 840 to 859.

The third era of Xu Shouhui as emperor of Tianwan, from approximately 1356 to 1359.

The first era of Ming Yuzhen as emperor of Ming Xia, from 1361 to 1362.

The era of the Tianqi Emperor's reign, from 1621 to 1627.


隆慶

/lʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/lʊŋ²¹ hɪŋ³³/

/lʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/lʊŋ²¹ hɪŋ³³/

the Longqing era (a Chinese era name; the era of that emperor's reign, from 1567 to 1572)


弘治

/xʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/wɐŋ²¹ t͡siː²²/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/wɐŋ²¹ t͡siː²²/

the Hongzhi era (a Chinese era name; the era of that emperor's reign, from 1488 to 1505)


成化

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/sɪŋ²¹ faː³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/sɪŋ²¹ faː³³/

the Chenghua era (a Chinese era name; the era of that emperor's reign, from 1465 to 1487)


天順

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɵn²²/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɵn²²/

Emperor Yingzong
w:Emperor Yingzong of Ming

the Tianshun era (a Chinese era name; the era of the second reign of Emperor Yingzong of Ming, from 1457 to 1464)


建文

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ wən³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ wən³⁵/

the Jianwen era (a Chinese era name; the era of that emperor's reign, from 1399 to 1402)


開熙

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ hei̯⁵⁵/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ hei̯⁵⁵/

the Kaixi era (a Chinese era name; the era of Ming Sheng as emperor of Ming Xia, from 1367 to 1371)


天統

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

the Tiantong era (a Chinese era name; the second era of Ming Yuzhen as emperor of Ming Xia, from 1363 to 1366)


德壽

/tɤ³⁵ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/tɐk̚⁵ sɐu̯²²/

/tɤ³⁵ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/tɐk̚⁵ sɐu̯²²/

the Deshou era (a Chinese era name; the era of Chen Li as emperor of Chen Han, from 1363 to 1364)


大定

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² tɪŋ²²/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² tɪŋ²²/

The era of Emperor Xuan of Western Liang, from 555 to 562.

Emperor Jing
w:Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou

The second era of Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou, in 581.

Emperor Shizong
w:Emperor Shizong of Jin

The first era of Emperor Shizong of Jin, from 1161 to 1189.

The possibly fictitious second era of Chen Youliang as emperor of Chen Han, in 1363.


天佑

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (天佑):
* → Japanese: 天佑(てんゆう) (ten'yū)
* → Korean: 천우(天佑) (cheonu)

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ joʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ jɐu̯²²/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ joʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ jɐu̯²²/

Zhang Zhou
w:Zhang Shicheng#Regional rule

the Tianyou era (a Chinese era name; the era of Zhang Shicheng as emperor of Zhang Zhou, from 1354 to 1357)


天定

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tɪŋ²²/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tɪŋ²²/

the Tianding era (a Chinese era name; the fourth era of Xu Shouhui as emperor of Tianwan, from 1359 to 1360)


仲康

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ²² hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ²² hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(Chinese mythology) Zhong Kang (fourth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)


不降

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ kɔːŋ³³/

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/pɐt̚⁵ kɔːŋ³³/

(Chinese mythology) Bu Jiang (eleventh king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)


抗大

/kʰɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹/

/kʰɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹/

(historical) Short for 抗日軍政大學／抗日军政大学 (kàngrì jūnzhèng dàxué, “Counter-Japanese Military and Political University”).


遣唐使

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(historical) Japanese envoy to Tang China


大中

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

w:Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (9th century)

the Dazhong era (a Chinese era name; an era of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (9th century), from 847 to 860)


三教合一

ㄙㄢ ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄧ

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ i⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ kaːu̯³³ hɐp̚² jɐt̚⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ i⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ kaːu̯³³ hɐp̚² jɐt̚⁵/

(religion) the Three Teachings (i.e., Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism) in Chinese culture and religious life, coexisting as syncretism


開經

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

《開經偈》

《开经偈》

(Buddhism, Taoism, Chinese folk religion) opening sutra

Taoism; Chinese folk religion; Taoism; Chinese folk religion


造反派

Цзаофань пай

/t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sou̯²² faːn³⁵ pʰɐi̯²¹/

/t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sou̯²² faːn³⁵ pʰɐi̯²¹/

(historical) a faction of the red guards that embraced rebellion against authorities


義和團運動

ㄧˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄊㄨㄢˊ ㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ

Ихэтуань Юньдун

/i⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ tʰu̯än³⁵ yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/jiː²² wɔː²¹ tʰyːn²¹ wɐn²² tʊŋ²²/

/i⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ tʰu̯än³⁵ yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/jiː²² wɔː²¹ tʰyːn²¹ wɐn²² tʊŋ²²/

(historical) Yihetuan Movement; Boxer Rebellion


執碼

/t͡sɐp̚⁵ maː¹³/

/t͡sɐp̚⁵ maː¹³/

(Cantonese) to gather the ingredients of a dish for the cook


東廠

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːŋ³⁵/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiũ⁵³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːŋ³⁵/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiũ⁵³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/

(historical) Eastern Depot (a Ming dynasty spy and secret police agency run by eunuchs)


玄門

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ mən³⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ mən³⁵/


抗美援越

ㄎㄤˋ ㄇㄟˇ ㄩㄢˊ ㄩㄝˋ

канмэйюаньюэ

/kʰɑŋ⁵¹ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/kʰɑŋ⁵¹ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/


太陽星君

ㄊㄞˋ ㄧㄤˊ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄐㄩㄣ

Тайян Синцзюнь

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ²³⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ²³⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/


國家主席

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄓㄨˇ ㄒㄧˊ

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi³⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ kaː⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi³⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ kaː⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

president (of the People's Republic of China, Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Lao People's Democratic Republic, and Republic of Cuba)


國家副主席

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄈㄨˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄒㄧˊ

гоцзя фучжуси

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ fu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi³⁵/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ fu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi³⁵/

vice-president (of the People's Republic of China)


國務委員

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄨˋ ㄨㄟˇ ㄩㄢˊ

го’у вэйюань

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ u⁵¹ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ mou̯²² wɐi̯³⁵ jyːn²¹/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ u⁵¹ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ mou̯²² wɐi̯³⁵ jyːn²¹/


三光政策

ㄙㄢ ㄍㄨㄤ ㄓㄥˋ ㄘㄜˋ

саньгуан чжэнцэ

/sän⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³ t͡sʰaːk̚³/

/sän⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³ t͡sʰaːk̚³/

三光 + 政策 (zhèngcè, “policy”), with 三光 being short for 殺光、燒光、搶光／杀光、烧光、抢光 (“to kill all, burn all, loot all”).

zh-etym-short

(historical) Three Alls Policy; referring to mass killing, looting and razing of Chinese settlements under Japanese occupations during the Second Sino-Japanese War


白紙革命

ㄅㄞˊ ㄓˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄇㄧㄥˋ

Байчжи Гэмин

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ miŋ⁵¹/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ miŋ⁵¹/

2022, James A. Millward, “「白紙革命」逐漸淡去，但抗議的根源不應被遺忘 [Why It Matters That China’s Protests Started in Xinjiang]”, in The New York Times:

The Chinese party-state mobilized its security apparatus in response, and while in some places people are still clashing with police officers, the headiest moments of the “white paper revolution” may have passed.

Zuòwèi huíyìng, dǎngguó dòngyòng le ānquán jīqì, suīrán yīxiē dìfāng de mínzhòng réng zài yǔ jǐngchá fāshēng chōngtū, dàn “báizhǐgémìng” zuì jīliè de shíkè kěnéng yǐjīng guòqù le.

作為回應，黨國動用了安全機器，雖然一些地方的民眾仍在與警察發生衝突，但「白紙革命」最激烈的時刻可能已經過去了。

作为回应，党国动用了安全机器，虽然一些地方的民众仍在与警察发生冲突，但「白纸革命」最激烈的时刻可能已经过去了。

White Paper Revolution (movement protesting COVID-19 lockdowns in Mainland China)


倀鬼

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐi̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐi̯³⁵/

(Chinese mythology) tiger ghost; the sprits of those killed by tigers, who was enslaved until they find a new victim for the tiger


德禮

/tɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


三八大蓋

ㄙㄢ ㄅㄚ ㄉㄚˋ ㄍㄞˋ

саньба дагай

/sän⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kaɪ̯⁵¹/

ㄙㄢ ㄅㄚ ㄉㄚˋ ㄍㄞˋㄦ

саньбадагайр

/sän⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kɑɻ⁵¹/

/sän⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kaɪ̯⁵¹/

/sän⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kɑɻ⁵¹/

Named after the year in which this rifle was adopted by the Japanese Imperial Army, 1905 (the 38th year of the Meiji period), and the rifle's distinctive dust cover.


正苦

/t͡sɪŋ³³ fuː³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ fuː³⁵/

(Hong Kong, slang, humorous or sarcastic) government, especially the HKSAR government


政務院

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ mou̯²² jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ mou̯²² jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

(historical) Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government (1949–1954, predecessor to the State Council of the People's Republic of China)


育紅班

/y⁵¹ xʊŋ³⁵ pän⁵⁵/

/y⁵¹ xʊŋ³⁵ pän⁵⁵/

(Mainland China, historical) kindergarten during the Cultural Revolution


拳亂

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ lu̯än⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ lu̯än⁵¹/


民逗

Clipping of 民主逗士 (mínzhǔ dòu shì), a homophone of 民主鬥士/民主斗士 (mínzhǔ dòushì, literally “democracy fighter”).

zh-m

(Mainland China, Internet slang, sarcastic) democracy activist


七姐

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵/

(Cantonese, Chinese mythology) Zhinü, the weaver girl


國進民退

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄊㄨㄟˋ

гоцзиньминьтуй

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹ min³⁵ tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹ min³⁵ tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

(officialese) state enterprises advance, while the private sector retreats


九西

/kɐu̯³⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

(HK politics) Kowloon West (Legislative Council constituency)


九東

/kɐu̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

(HK politics) Kowloon East (Legislative Council constituency)


新西

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

(HK politics) New Territories West (Legislative Council constituency)


萬年國會

ㄨㄢˋ ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄨㄟˋ

ваньнянь гохуэй

/wän⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/wän⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

2022 May 31, 施明德 (Shih Ming-teh), 軍法大審：施明德回憶錄Ⅲ一九八0, 時報文化出版, →ISBN, page 248:

But, the Chiang family's regime consolidated everlasting power simply through the use of martial law and the "forever Assembly".

Dànshì, Jiǎng jiā zhèngquán zéshì yǐ jièyán lìng hé wànniánguóhuì yǒngjiǔ bǎchí zhèngquán.

但是,蔣家政權則是以戒嚴令和萬年國會永久把持政權。

但是,蒋家政权则是以戒严令和万年国会永久把持政权。

(derogatory) a nickname for the first Republic of China National Assembly, whose members were elected in 1947 and remained in office until the early 1990s due to the loss of the Chinese Civil War and the decision not to hold new elections for a seat until the original jurisdiction was "taken back" from the "Communist rebellion"


天師

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

(Taoism) Celestial Master (leader of Zhengyi Dao)


北狩

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

(historical, euphemistic, of emperors) to be captured and abducted to the north by enemy forces


三會

/saːm⁵⁵ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

(HK politics, neologism) the three committees of District Fight Crime Committees, District Fire Safety Committees, and Area Committees of a district


錦衣衛

/t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/kɐm³⁵ jiː⁵⁵ wɐi̯²²/

/t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/kɐm³⁵ jiː⁵⁵ wɐi̯²²/

(historical) Embroidered Uniform Guard (the imperial secret police that served the emperors of the Ming dynasty)


屌票

/tiːu̯³⁵ pʰiːu̯³³/

/tiːu̯³⁵ pʰiːu̯³³/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, HK politics, vulgar, derogatory, of politicians) to criticise voters for not voting for a certain party


儒藏

/ʐu³⁵ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹/

/ʐu³⁵ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹/


陰陽頭

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/wɐi̯³⁵ jɐm²² t͡sɪŋ³³/

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/wɐi̯³⁵ jɐm²² t͡sɪŋ³³/

(hairdressing) a type of hairstyle where half of the person's hair is shaved, usually done to humiliate or punish that person.


義和拳

/i⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/jiː²² wɔː²¹ kʰyːn²¹/

/i⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/jiː²² wɔː²¹ kʰyːn²¹/

(historical) Synonym of 義和團 /义和团 (Yìhétuán, “the Boxers”)


電母

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Chinese mythology) goddess of lightning


八九六四

ㄅㄚ ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄙˋ

/pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹/

/pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹/


開拓團

ㄎㄞ ㄊㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄨㄢˊ

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ tʰu̯än³⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ tʰɔːk̚³ tʰyːn²¹/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ tʰu̯än³⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ tʰɔːk̚³ tʰyːn²¹/

(historical) group of Japanese migrants that settled and colonized northeastern China (including Manchukuo) and Inner Mongolia


藩鎮

/fän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/

/fän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/

/fän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/

/fän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/

(historical) a highly-autonomous garrisoned commandery in Tang dynasty, led by a jiedushi that was known for its warlordism


全真教

Цюаньчжэньцзяо

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ t͡sɐn⁵⁵ kaːu̯³³/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ t͡sɐn⁵⁵ kaːu̯³³/

Quanzhen School; a major Taoism school established in the 12th century


掌心雷

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕin⁵⁵ leɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ³⁵ sɐm⁵⁵ lɵy̯²¹/

/t͡siaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴⁻²² lui²⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴⁻²² lui²⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sim³³ lui²⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sim³³ lui²⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴⁻²² lui¹³/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴⁻²² lui¹³/

/t͡siaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴⁻³³ lui²⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴⁻³³ lui²⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴⁻³³ lui²³/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴⁻³³ lui²³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕin⁵⁵ leɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ³⁵ sɐm⁵⁵ lɵy̯²¹/

/t͡siaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴⁻²² lui²⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴⁻²² lui²⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sim³³ lui²⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sim³³ lui²⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴⁻²² lui¹³/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴⁻²² lui¹³/

/t͡siaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴⁻³³ lui²⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴⁻³³ lui²⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴⁻³³ lui²³/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴⁻³³ lui²³/

(HK politics) a type of electoral fraud where palm-sized paper are given to potential and susceptible voters before voting


抗聯

/kʰɑŋ⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/kʰɑŋ⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

東北抗日聯軍 東北抗日聯軍#Chinese

东北抗日联军 东北抗日联军#Chinese

Short for 東北抗日聯軍／东北抗日联军 (Dōngběi Kàngrì Liánjūn, “Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army”).


閻君爺

/ɡiam²⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴⁻²² ia²⁴/

/ɡiam²⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴⁻²² ia²⁴/

(Xiamen Hokkien, Buddhism, Chinese mythology) Synonym of 閻羅 /阎罗 (Yánluó, “Yama (god of the underworld)”)


白紙草案

ㄅㄞˊ ㄓˇ ㄘㄠˇ ㄢˋ

байчжи цаоань

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵¹/

/paːk̚² t͡siː³⁵ t͡sʰou̯³⁵ ɔːn³³/

/paːk̚² t͡siː³⁵ t͡sʰou̯³⁵ ɔːn³³/

Draft bills are printed and gazetted on white paper, as opposed to bills officially submitted to the Legislative Council that are printed on blue paper.

(HK politics) draft bill; a bill that is released to solicit public opinions.


出俗

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ su³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ su³⁵/

(literary, intransitive, Buddhism, Taoism) to leave home to become monk or nun


剿總

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡siːu̯³⁵ t͡sʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡siːu̯³⁵ t͡sʊŋ³⁵/

(historical) Short for 剿匪總司令部／剿匪总司令部 (jiǎofěi zǒng sīlìngbù, “bandit suppression headquarters (Kuomintang military unit charged to fight communist forces during the Chinese Civil War.)”)


金代

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/kɐm⁵⁵ tɔːi̯²²/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/kɐm⁵⁵ tɔːi̯²²/

the Jin Era, the time of the Jin dynasty (Jurchen dynasty) (1115-1234)

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty


八萬五

/paːt̚³ maːn²² ŋ̍¹³/

/paːt̚³ maːn²² ŋ̍¹³/

So called as Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa pledged to build 85,000 public housing flats annually in the plan.

(HK politics) the public housing expansion plan announced by Tung Chee-hwa, which eventually failed due to the Asian financial crisis


中國國民黨

→ English: Chungkuo Kuomintang

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄤˇ

Чжунго Гоминьдан

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ min³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bin²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁵³/

/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ bin²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ bin¹³⁻²² tɔŋ⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bin²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ bin²³⁻³³ tɔŋ⁴¹/

Kuomintang (KMT); Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP)


塵緣

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/


黃庭經

ja-r

黄庭経(こうていぎょう) (kōteigyō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (黃庭經):
* → Japanese: 黄庭経(こうていけい) (kōteikei); 黄庭経(こうていぎょう) (kōteigyō)
* → Korean: 황정경(黃庭經) (hwangjeonggyeong)

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄊㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄥ

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ tʰɪŋ²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ tʰɪŋ²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/


心印經

/ɕin⁵⁵ in⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ in⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/


天尊

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡su̯ən⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡su̯ən⁵⁵/

; “Bhagavan”
Calque of Sanskrit भगवान् (bhagavān, “[he who is] honored by the gods”), with भग (bhaga) used in the sense of "gods". Displaced by 世尊 (Shìzūn) in later translations.


靈霄寶殿

ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄠ ㄅㄠˇ ㄉㄧㄢˋ

Линсяобаодянь

/liŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/liŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

(Chinese mythology, Chinese folk religion, Taoism) the audience hall of the Jade Emperor.

Chinese folk religion; Taoism; Chinese folk religion; Taoism


天公生

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sĩ⁴⁴/

/tʰĩ³³ kɔŋ³³ sĩ³³/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sĩ⁴⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sĩ⁴⁴/

/tʰĩ³³ kɔŋ³³ sĩ³³/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sĩ⁴⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

(chiefly Hokkien, Chinese mythology, Chinese folk religion, Taoism) the birthday festival of the Jade Emperor on the ninth day of the first month in the Chinese calendar


葛柏

/kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/kɔːt̚³ paːk̚³/

/kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/kɔːt̚³ paːk̚³/

A transliteration of the English surname Godber

(specifically) Peter Godber, a corrupt Hong Kong police officer whose case led to the creation of the ICAC


新權威主義

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄨㄟ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

синь цюаньвэйчжуи

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kʰyːn²¹ wɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kʰyːn²¹ wɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/


0 (ling⁴) + T (ti¹), near-homophone of 檸 /柠 (ning⁴, “lemon”) + English tea.

(Hong Kong Cantonese, cha chaan teng jargon) lemon tea


還鄉團

ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄒㄧㄤ ㄊㄨㄢˊ

хуаньсян туань

/xu̯än³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰu̯än³⁵/

/waːn²¹ hœːŋ⁵⁵ tʰyːn²¹/

/xu̯än³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰu̯än³⁵/

/waːn²¹ hœːŋ⁵⁵ tʰyːn²¹/

Short for 難民還鄉團／难民还乡团 (nànmín huánxiāng tuán, “refugee returning legion”)

zh-etym-short

(historical) homecoming legion; various Kuomintang-supported landlord militia aiming to regain their land lost during land reform


槃瓠

/pʰän³⁵ xu⁵¹/

/pʰän³⁵ xu⁵¹/

(Chinese mythology) Panhu (a mythological figure in southern Chinese traditions)


冰夷

(Chinese mythology) an alternate title for Hebo 河伯 (Hébó) (a god of the Yellow River)


土木系

11th Division (National Revolutionary Army)

Blend of 十一 (shíyī, “eleven”) + 十八 (shíbā, “eighteen”) into 土 and 木 (mù). Eleven and eighteen corresponds to the 11th class of Army University and 18th Army, in which Chen Cheng had great influence.

blend

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi⁵¹/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi⁵¹/

(historical) A military clique within the National Revolutionary Army led by general Chen Cheng.


長春子

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (長春子):
* → Japanese: 長(ちょう)春(しゅん)子(し) (chōshunshi)
* → Korean: 장춘자(長春子) (jangchunja)
* → Vietnamese: Trường Xuân Tử (長春子)

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


皇協軍

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄒㄧㄝˊ ㄐㄩㄣ

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ hiːp̚³ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ hiːp̚³ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

(historical, military) the puppet army of the Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940) and the North China Political Council


王八盒子

ㄨㄤˊ ˙ㄅㄚ ㄏㄜˊ ˙ㄗ

ㄨㄤˊ ㄅㄚ ㄏㄜˊ ˙ㄗ

/wɑŋ³⁵ b̥ä³ xɤ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/wɑŋ³⁵ pä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/wɑŋ³⁵ b̥ä³ xɤ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/wɑŋ³⁵ pä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

From the distinctive holster of Nambu pistol, which is similar to tortoise's shell.

(historical, colloquial) the Nambu pistol


月華姊

(Meixian Hakka, Chinese mythology) Chang'e, the Chinese goddess of the moon


廠衛

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔːŋ³⁵ wɐi̯²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔːŋ³⁵ wɐi̯²²/

Blend of 東廠 /东厂 (Dōngchǎng) + 錦衣衛 /锦衣卫 (Jǐnyīwèi). All are powerful secret police during the Ming Dynasty at various time.

blend

(historical) the secret police in whole during the Ming Dynasty


西廠

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːŋ³⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːŋ³⁵/

(historical) Western Depot (a Ming dynasty spy and secret police agency run by eunuchs)


邊幣

/piːn⁵⁵ pɐi̯²²/

/piːn⁵⁵ pɐi̯²²/

(historical) currencies issued in communist-held area


叼飛盤

/ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰän³⁵/

/ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰän³⁵/

(neologism, figurative, derogatory, of propaganda media or people working for them) to parrot whatever the authority wants to say, regardless of personal stance, especially about comments made by Hu Xijin


做忌

/t͡sue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ki⁴¹/

/t͡sue¹¹⁻⁵³ ki³³/

/t͡sue²¹⁻⁵³ ki²²/

/t͡sɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ ki³³/

/t͡so²¹⁻⁵³ ki²²/

/t͡sue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ki⁴¹/

/t͡sue¹¹⁻⁵³ ki³³/

/t͡sue²¹⁻⁵³ ki²²/

/t͡sɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ ki³³/

/t͡so²¹⁻⁵³ ki²²/

(Hokkien) to venerate the deceased (usually a deceased ancestor, family, or relative) on their death anniversary or birthday each year (typically by displaying offerings, lit incense, candles, etc.)


愍忌

/biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki³³/

/biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki²²/

/biɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ki⁴¹/

/biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ki³³/

/bin⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ki⁴¹/

/bin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki²²/

/biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki³³/

/biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki²²/

/biɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ki⁴¹/

/biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ki³³/

/bin⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ki⁴¹/

/bin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki²²/

(Hokkien) anniversary of a birth (typically of a deceased ancestor); birth anniversary; birthday; date of birth; birthdate of a dead ancestor (relevant to the practice of ancestral veneration)


萬壽節

ㄨㄢˋ ㄕㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/maːn²² sɐu̯²² t͡siːt̚³/

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/maːn²² sɐu̯²² t͡siːt̚³/


孔子學

/kʰɒŋ³³²⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))nɵ³³²⁻²¹ ɵ¹³/

/kʰɒŋ³³²⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))nɵ³³²⁻²¹ ɵ¹³/

(Xianyou Puxian Min, historical, education) traditional Chinese private school where classical literature and Confucianism used to be taught


孔子殿

korng³ zo³ deng⁵ [Phonetic:korng⁵ no² deng⁵]

/kʰɒŋ⁴⁵³⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))no⁴⁵³⁻¹³ tɛŋ²¹/

/kʰɒŋ⁴⁵³⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))no⁴⁵³⁻¹³ tɛŋ²¹/

(Putian Puxian Min, historical, education) traditional Chinese private school where classical literature and Confucianism used to be taught


螭虎

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰi⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ⁵³/

/tʰi³³ hɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰi⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ⁵³/

/tʰi⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔ⁵³/

/tʰi⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔ⁴¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰi⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ⁵³/

/tʰi³³ hɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰi⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ⁵³/

/tʰi⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔ⁵³/

/tʰi⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔ⁴¹/

(Chinese mythology) a mythical creature whose statue is seen decorating the sides of steles

贔屭

"sons of the dragon", creatures found in decorations


椒圖

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ²⁴/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ¹³/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ²⁴/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ²³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ²⁴/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ¹³/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ²⁴/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ²³/

(Chinese mythology) a creature said to resemble a spiral shell; said to be fond of closing its mouth, often seen decorating the door knockers


嘲風

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/tiau²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiau²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ³³/

/tiau¹³⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiau²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiau²³⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/tiau²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiau²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ³³/

/tiau¹³⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiau²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiau²³⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

(Chinese mythology) a creature whose statue is seen on the corners of the palace roofs


虭蛥

/ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂɤ³⁵/

/tiau⁴⁴⁻²² siɛt̚¹²¹/

/ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂɤ³⁵/

/tiau⁴⁴⁻²² siɛt̚¹²¹/

(Chinese mythology) a creature whose statue is seen on the tops of the pagodas


森羅殿

ㄙㄣ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ

/sən⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sən⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

(Buddhism, Chinese mythology) Yama's palace


閻王殿

ㄧㄢˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ

/jɛn³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/jɛn³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/


閻羅殿

ㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ

/jɛn³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/jɛn³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/


奇門遁甲

ㄑㄧˊ ㄇㄣˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ ㄐㄧㄚˇ

цимэньдуньцзя

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ mən³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ mən³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


鬼王

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (鬼王):
* → Vietnamese: quỷ vương (鬼王)

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴ wɑŋ⁴/

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴ wɑŋ⁴/

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

(Chinese mythology) king of ghosts or yaoguai


十年浩劫

ㄕˊ ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄠˋ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

шинянь хаоцзе

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

(derogatory) the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)


髮逆

/fä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ni⁵¹/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni⁵¹/

/fä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ni⁵¹/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni⁵¹/

Named because of their refusal to tie their hair in queues, in accordance to Qing Dynasty law.

(historical, derogatory) rebels of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

辮子

the queue hairstyle mandated for men in Qing Dynasty China


紅小兵

ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄅㄧㄥ

/xʊŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ piŋ⁵⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ piŋ⁵⁵/

少先隊

name of the same organisation prior to and after the Cultural Revolution

Cultural Revolution
Cultural Revolution#English

(historical) Little Red Guards (school children's organisation during the Cultural Revolution in China)


閹黨

/jɛn⁵⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiːm⁵⁵ tɔːŋ³⁵/

/jɛn⁵⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiːm⁵⁵ tɔːŋ³⁵/

(historical) eunuch clique (especially Wei Zhongxian's faction during late Ming dynasty)


漢魏

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

the Han (202 BCE–220 CE) through Wei (220–266 CE) dynasties


頂神

/tiŋ⁵³ səŋ¹¹/

/tiŋ⁵³ səŋ¹¹/


成仙

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/


四代

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Emperor Shun
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/

The Book of Documents likely emerged alongside with the advent of Chinese characters. When Confucius studied the texts preserved in the Zhou royal library, he obtained the historical records of the four dynasties—Yu, Xia, Shang, and Zhou. He selected the finest portions, compiling them into one hundred chapters spanning from the era of Yu down to the Zhou dynasty, and edited them with explanatory prefaces.

“shū” zhī suǒ xìng, gài yǔ wénzì jù qǐ. Kǒngzǐ guānshū Zhōushì, dé Yú, Xià, Shāng, Zhōu sìdài zhī diǎn, shān qí shàn zhě, shàng zì Yú, xià zhì Zhōu, wéi bǎi piān, biān ér xù zhī.

《書》之所興，蓋與文字俱起。孔子觀書周室，得虞、夏、商、周四代之典，刪其善者，上自虞，下至周，爲百篇，編而序之。

《书》之所兴，盖与文字俱起。孔子观书周室，得虞、夏、商、周四代之典，删其善者，上自虞，下至周，为百篇，编而序之。

(historical) the Four Dynasties, a collective name for the pre-imperial dynasties: Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou