川

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Pictogram (象形) – compare 水 (OC *qʰʷljilʔ), 川, and 𡿧.
The Middle and Old Chinese reconstruction of this word is phonologically problematic (STEDT):
* Karlgren (1957) notes that the Middle Chinese form is irregular based on evidence from Shijing rimes.
* Based on velar contacts in the same phonetic series, e.g. 巛, 甽 and 訓, Baxter (1992) and Schuessler (2007) reconstruct the word with a velar initial (Handel, 1998; Sagart, 1999), which undergoes irregular palatalization in the development to Middle Chinese (Baxter, 1992).
* Based on other characters in the same phonetic series, e.g. 順 and 馴, Sagart (1999), and later, Baxter and Sagart (2014), reconstructs 川 with a lateral initial and suggests that only a *t- prefix would account for the Middle Chinese initial /t͡ɕʰ/.
Schuessler (2007) relates this word to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (“river; valley”), whence 江 (OC *kroːŋ, “river”), 谷 (OC *kloːɡ, “valley”), Tibetan ཀླུང (klung, “river”), Burmese ချောင်း (hkyaung:, “stream”). STEDT notes that this does not account for the *-n coda.
STEDT instead compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s (“water; fluid; liquid; river; soak; spit”), whence 涕 (OC *tʰiːlʔ, “tears”), Proto-Kuki-Chin *tuj (“water; fluid; liquid”), Chepang तीः (“water; rain; river”); this depends on a reconstruction with a dental initial and requires positing an *‑n suffix not present in Tibeto-Burman languages.

cog

挺川

川粉

(Internet slang, Taiwanese Mandarin) Short for 川普 (Chuānpǔ, “Donald Trump”).


大統領

ㄉㄚˋ ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄌㄧㄥˇ

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大統領.


國情咨文

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄑㄧㄥˊ ㄗ ㄨㄣˊ

Гоцин Цзывэнь

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ wən³⁵/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ wən³⁵/

State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address

(US politics) State of the Union Address


奧巴馬

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ou̯³³ paː⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ou̯³³ paː⁵⁵ maː¹³/

From English Obama, from Luo obam (“to lean or bend”).

The historic election of the US’s first black president, Barack Obama, marked an epoch in the history of American democracy.

2008: 周琪 (Zhou Qi), 【美国大选观察】奥巴马为什么大胜？ ([Observations on the American Elections] Why did Obama have a great victory?)

Měiguó zhōngyú chǎnshēng le lìshǐ shàng dì yī wèi hēirén zǒngtǒng Bālākè Àobāmǎ, zhè duìyú měiguó de mínzhǔ zhèngzhì jùyǒu huàshídài de yìyì.

美國終於產生了歷史上第一位黑人總統巴拉克·奧巴馬，這對於美國的民主政治具有劃時代的意義。

美国终于产生了历史上第一位黑人总统巴拉克·奥巴马，这对于美国的民主政治具有划时代的意义。

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) A transliteration of the English surname Obama


建國

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/kiːn³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/kyoŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔk̚⁵/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔk̚³²/

/kieŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ kok̚²/

/t͡ɕi³³ koʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/kiːn³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/kyoŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔk̚⁵/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔk̚³²/

/kieŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ kok̚²/

/t͡ɕi³³ koʔ⁴⁴/

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

(chiefly Mainland China) the foundation of the People's Republic of China in 1949

(neologism, slang, humorous) Short for 川建國／川建国 (Chuān Jiànguó, “Donald Trump”).


特朗普

/tʰɤ⁵¹ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɐk̚² lɔːŋ¹³ pʰou̯³⁵/

/tʰɤ⁵¹ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɐk̚² lɔːŋ¹³ pʰou̯³⁵/

A transliteration of the English surname Trump


川普

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵ pʰou̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰuaŋ³³⁻²³ pʰou⁵²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵ pʰou̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰuaŋ³³⁻²³ pʰou⁵²/

Donald Trump, male, born on June 14 1946, (lives in) 725 Fifth Avenue, NYC

2015 May 18, 北京市高级人民法院 (Beijing Intermediate People's Court), 唐纳·川普与中华人民共和国国家工商行政管理总局商标评审委员会其他二审行政判决书

Tángnà Chuānpǔ, nán, 1946 nián 6 yuè 14 rì chūshēng, Niǔyuē Shì Dì-Wǔ Dàdào 725 hào.

唐納·川普，男，1946年6月14日出生，紐約市第五大道725號。

唐纳·川普，男，1946年6月14日出生，纽约市第五大道725号。


共和黨人

ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄉㄤˇ ㄖㄣˊ

гунхэданжэнь

/kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ tɔːŋ³⁵ jɐn²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ tɔːŋ³⁵ jɐn²¹/

Republican Party
w:Republican Party (United States)

(US politics) Republican (member or supporter of the Republican Party of the United States)


小布什

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

George W. Bush, 43ʳᵈ president of the United States


老布什

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

George H. W. Bush, 41ˢᵗ president of the United States


老川

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

From 老 (“a prefix used before surnames to refer to heads or elder members of families”), and 川普 (“Trump”).

zh-l

(American (1980–), neologism, endearing) Donald Trump


川粉

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


床破

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

Corruption of 川普 (Chuānpǔ, “Trump”) or English Trump.


搖擺州

/jɑʊ̯³⁵ paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jiːu̯²¹ paːi̯³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/jɑʊ̯³⁵ paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jiːu̯²¹ paːi̯³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/


雷根主義

ㄌㄟˊ ㄍㄣ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

/leɪ̯³⁵ kən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/leɪ̯³⁵ kən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/


懂王

/tʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/tʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

From Trump's habit of saying he knows "more about [various things] than anybody", which is usually translated to "", especially in news headlines.

沒有人比我更懂……

没有人比我更懂……

(neologism, slang, humorous, sarcastic) Donald Trump


川建國

ㄔㄨㄢ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Чуань Цзяньго

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵ kiːn³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡sʰuan⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵ kiːn³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡sʰuan⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²/

The name of Trump, 川普 (Chuānpǔ), remoulded into a sarcastic pseudo-Chinese name.
It originated from his campaign slogan "make America great again" and a humorous opinion amongst netizens that Trump is in fact an undercover agent for China to destroy the United States, as his various actions (and inactions) as the US president actually tarnish the image of the US more so than embellish it, and are thereby "making China great".
建國／建国 (jiànguó, “to build/found the nation”) is a given name with patriotic undertones, commonly given to someone born around the Founding of the People's Republic of China (1949), such as Trump.

(neologism, slang, humorous) Donald Trump


奧觀海

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ou̯³³ kuːn⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ou̯³³ kuːn⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

A pseudo-Chinese name.
The surname is a clipping of 奧巴馬／奥巴马 (Àobāmǎ, “Obama”), and the given name originated from a calligraphy given to Barack Obama during his trip to China in 2009 that contained the following four characters:
:
This idiom-like phrase may be interpreted as a pun on the Chinese leadership, with “ocean” (海) referencing 中南海 (Zhōngnánhǎi, “Zhongnanhai; the central headquarters for the Communist Party of China”), and “roaring waves” (濤) referencing 胡錦濤 (Hú Jǐntāo, the Chinese president at the time), making this translate to “watching the central government and listening to President Hu”, something a Chinese ally would do.

奧巴馬／奥巴马 (Àobāmǎ, “Obama”)

Watching the ocean and listening to the roaring waves

觀海聽濤

观海听涛

(neologism, slang, humorous) Barack Obama


唐床破

ㄊㄤˊ ㄔㄨㄤˊ ㄆㄛˋ

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

(neologism, slang, humorous, derogatory) Donald Trump


懂帝

/tʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/tʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

(neologism, slang, humorous, sarcastic) Alternative name for 懂王 (Dǒngwáng, “Donald Trump”).


特沒譜

/tʰɤ⁵¹ meɪ̯³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɤ⁵¹ meɪ̯³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(neologism, slang, derogatory) Donald Trump


川寶

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ paʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ paʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

From 川普 (Chuānpǔ, “Trump”) and 寶貝／宝贝 (bǎobèi, “baby”).


川皇

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/


侵侵

/t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/

From 當勞侵 (dong1 lou4-1 cam1, “Donald Trump”), a name used in Hong Kong.

(Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism, endearing) Donald Trump


瞌睡喬

ㄎㄜ ㄕㄨㄟˋ ㄑㄧㄠˊ

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

Calque of English Sleepy Joe, the nickname for Joe Biden coined by his political opponent Donald Trump.

(neologism, humorous, sarcastic) Sleepy Joe; Joe Biden


特不靠譜

ㄊㄜˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄎㄠˋ ㄆㄨˇ

/tʰɤ⁵¹ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ kʰɑʊ̯⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɤ⁵¹ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ kʰɑʊ̯⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


川黑

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ xeɪ̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ xeɪ̯⁵⁵/


驢黨

/ly³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ly³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(metonymically) Democratic Party (United States)


象黨

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(metonymically) Republican Party (United States)


侵粉

/t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵ fɐn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵ fɐn³⁵/

(neologism, Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) Trumpster; Trump supporter


拔川

/pä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/pä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

(neologism, slang) to remove Donald Trump from office


挺川

/tʰiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/tʰiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

(neologism, slang) to support Donald Trump


特粉

/tʰɤ⁵¹ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɤ⁵¹ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(neologism, slang) Trumpster; Trump supporter


藍州

/län³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/laːm²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/län³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/laːm²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/


紅州

/xʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/


歐巴馬

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Taiwan) A transliteration of the English surname Obama


華川粉

ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄈㄣˇ

хуачуаньфэнь

/xu̯ä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xu̯ä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(slang, neologism) Donald Trump supporter of Chinese descent


昭昭天命

ㄓㄠ ㄓㄠ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄇㄧㄥˋ

чжаочжао тяньмин

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/


佛波勒

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

From the pinyin readings of the letters F, B and L, which is a pseudo initialism of English Federal Bureau of Investigation. The use of L instead of I is due to the resemblance of lowercase l (el) to uppercase I (i) under sans-serif fonts.

Federal Bureau of Investigation
Federal Bureau of Investigation

(Mainland China, neologism, humorous) the FBI; the Federal Bureau of Investigation


拜振華

ㄅㄞˋ ㄓㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄚˊ

Бай Чжэньхуа

/paɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ xu̯ä³⁵/

/paːi̯³³ t͡sɐn³³ waː²¹/

/paɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ xu̯ä³⁵/

/paːi̯³³ t͡sɐn³³ waː²¹/

The name of Biden, 拜登 (Bàidēng), reformed into a sarcastic pseudo-Chinese name based on the phrase 振興中華／振兴中华 (Wikipedia). Formed as a counterpart to 川建國／川建国 (Chuān Jiànguó, “Trump the Nation-Builder”) around the 2020 United States presidential election on the belief that Biden would be less tough on China compared to Trump.


禁穆令

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄇㄨˋ ㄌㄧㄥˋ

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ liŋ⁵¹/

/kɐm⁵⁵ mʊk̚² lɪŋ²²/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ liŋ⁵¹/

/kɐm⁵⁵ mʊk̚² lɪŋ²²/

So named because the executive order targets Muslim-majority countries, despite citizens of such countries are refused regardless of their religion.

Executive Order 13769, an executive order signed by Donald Trump that prohibited all Iranian, Iraqi, Libyan, Sudanese, Yemeni, Syrian and Somalian citizens from entering the United States


老登

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

Dialect. Originally predominantly written as 老燈／老灯 (lǎodēng), changes occurred around Joe Biden took office as the 46th president of United States, for his family name is transliterated as 拜登 (Bàidēng). Some suggest the eponym of this word is 登徒子 (dēngtúzǐ), a fictional character in the story 《登徒子好色賦》, resembling Lothario, thereafter becoming a classical allusion and vernacular in some Mandarin regionalects.

老燈／老灯 (lǎodēng)

(neologism, Internet slang, humorous, derogatory) Joe Biden


哈哈姐

/xä⁵⁵ xä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xä⁵⁵ xä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Blend of 哈哈 (hāhā, “onomatopoeia for laugh”) + 哈里斯 (Hālǐsī, “Harris”), due to her frequent laughter at public events, which was picked up by Donald Trump during the 2024 presidential campaign.

blend

(Mainland China, neologism, slang, humorous) Kamala Harris