花園

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɥɑɻ³⁵/

/xua²⁴ yæ̃²⁴/

/faː⁵⁵ jyːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/hua⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uoŋ⁵³/

/hua⁵³³⁻¹¹ œŋ¹³/

/hua⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ yøŋ²⁴/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ hŋ̍²³/

/hue⁴⁴⁻²² hŋ̍²⁴/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ hŋ̍²⁴/

/hue³³ hŋ̍²⁴/

/hua⁴⁴⁻²² huĩ¹³/

/hue³³⁻²³ hŋ⁵⁵/

/ho⁵⁵ ɦyø²¹/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɥɑɻ³⁵/

/xua²⁴ yæ̃²⁴/

/faː⁵⁵ jyːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/hua⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uoŋ⁵³/

/hua⁵³³⁻¹¹ œŋ¹³/

/hua⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ yøŋ²⁴/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ hŋ̍²³/

/hue⁴⁴⁻²² hŋ̍²⁴/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ hŋ̍²⁴/

/hue³³ hŋ̍²⁴/

/hua⁴⁴⁻²² huĩ¹³/

/hue³³⁻²³ hŋ⁵⁵/

/ho⁵⁵ ɦyø²¹/

The Malaysian sense is a semantic loan from Malay taman (“park; garden; residential neighborhood”).

sl

(～鎮) Huayuan (a town in Xiaochang, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


森

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): Triplication of 木 (“tree”), to suggest a large number (compare 三) of trees such as one would find in a forest. Compare 林 (*ɡ·rɯm).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ram (“jungle; forest; country; field”) (STEDT). Schuessler (2007) suggests that it may be an intensive derivation of 林 (*ɡ·rɯm, “forest”), perhaps influenced by parallels in Austroasiatic, such as Old Khmer sarāma, sarāṃ (“a tract of stunted vegetation”), derived from rām (“inundated forest along a watercourse”). Alternatively, Mei (2012) suggests that the prefix *s- has a denominative function.

inh

Mori (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

Mori (a town in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


厚

Sino-Xenic (厚):
* → Korean: 후(厚) (hu)

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 厂 (“cliff; cave on a cliff”) + 𣆪 (“jug”). According to Shuowen, 𣆪 is an inverted 亯.

Han compound

(～鎮) Hou (a town in Lantian, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China)


麒麟

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ lin³⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ lɵn²¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ lɵn²¹⁻³⁵/

/kʰi²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

/ki⁵³⁻³³ l̃iŋ⁵³/

/ki²⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

/ki²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

/ki¹³⁻²² lin¹³/

/ki²³⁻³³ lin²³/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ lin³⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ lɵn²¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ lɵn²¹⁻³⁵/

/kʰi²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

/ki⁵³⁻³³ l̃iŋ⁵³/

/ki²⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

/ki²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

/ki¹³⁻²² lin¹³/

/ki²³⁻³³ lin²³/

Old Chinese pronunciation for this word was *g(ɯ)-rin (Zhengzhang), and in pre-Qin times the beast was also referred to as
* 麟 (OC *rin),
* 麐 (OC *m·rin, *m·rins),
* 𪊓, or
* 蔽 (OC *peds),
the last two having been attested in the oracle bone script already.
There is much debate as to what animal the qilin beast was; some maintain that the qilin was a beast only found in mythology, even though it may have been based on some animal in pre-historic times, and some argue that the qilin was in reality the river deer, the ox or cow, or the Indian rhinoceros (Wang, 2009).
Janhunen (2011) tentatively compares 麒麟 (OC *ɡɯ rin) to a Northeast Asian etymon *kalimV, which denotes either "whale" or "mammoth"; however, he cautiously remarks that "[t]he formal and semantic similarity between *kilin < *gilin ~ *gïlin 'unicorn' and *kalimV 'whale' (but also Samoyedic *kalay- 'mammoth') is sufficient to support, though perhaps not confirm, the hypothesis of an etymological connection". He also notes a possible connection between Old Chinese and Mongolian (*)kers ~ (*)keris ~ (*)kiris "rhinoceros" (> Khalkha Mongolian хирс (xirs)).

(～鎮) Qilin (a town in Zongyang, Tongling, Anhui, China)


三角

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ kɔːk̚³/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² kak̚³²/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² kak̚³²/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ kak̚³²/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ kak̚³²/

/sã³³⁻²³ kak̚²/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ kɔːk̚³/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² kak̚³²/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² kak̚³²/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ kak̚³²/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ kak̚³²/

/sã³³⁻²³ kak̚²/

(～鎮) Sanjiao (a town in Zhongshan, Guangdong, China)


和平

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (和平):
* → Japanese: 和(わ)平(へい) (wahei)
* → Korean: 화평(和平) (hwapyeong)
* → Vietnamese: hoà bình (和平)

/xɤ³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/xə²⁴ pʰiŋ²⁴/

/wɔː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/vᵘɔ²² pʰen²²/

/huo⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βiŋ⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ piɪŋ²⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

/hɔ²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/hua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/xə²⁴ pʰiŋ²⁴/

/wɔː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/vᵘɔ²² pʰen²²/

/huo⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βiŋ⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ piɪŋ²⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

/hɔ²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/hua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Heping Town (several towns in China)

(～鎮) Heping (a town in Chaoyang district, Shantou, Guangdong, China), originally named 蚝坪 (o5 pian5)


尺八

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Chiba (a town in Jianli, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


大麻

/taːi̯²² maː²¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ muã²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² muã²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ muã¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ muã²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ muã²³/

/taːi̯²² maː²¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ muã²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² muã²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ muã¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ muã²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ muã²³/

/taːi̯²² maː²¹/

(～鎮) Dama (a town in Dabu, Meizhou, Guangdong)

(～鎮) Dama (a town in Tongxiang, Jiaxing, Zhejiang)


水源

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/sɵy̯³⁵ jyːn²¹/

/ʃui²⁴⁻³³ ŋien⁵⁵/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan¹³/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²³/

/sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵²⁻³⁵ ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/sɵy̯³⁵ jyːn²¹/

/ʃui²⁴⁻³³ ŋien⁵⁵/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan¹³/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²³/

/sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵²⁻³⁵ ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Shuiyuan (a town in Yongchang, Jinchang, Gansu, China)


太子

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːi̯³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɯ⁵²⁻²¹/

/tʰa³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːi̯³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɯ⁵²⁻²¹/

/tʰa³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Taizi (a town in Yangxin, Huangshi, Hubei, China)


北海

→ English: Beihai, Pakhoi

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐk̚⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ hai⁵⁵⁴/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐk̚⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ hai⁵⁵⁴/

Butterworth (a town in Penang, Malaysia)


葡萄

Phono-semantic matching of Burmese ပူတာအို (putaui).

psm

蒲陶
蒲萄
葡桃
蒲桃
孛萄
浮萄
孛陶

/pʰu³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pʰu³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³/

/pʰu³⁵ tʰaʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/pʰou²⁴ tʰɔ⁵¹/

/pʰou̯²¹ tʰou̯²¹/

/pʰu¹¹ tʰo¹¹/

/pʰu⁵⁵ tʰo⁵⁵/

/pʰuo⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lo⁵³/

/puo⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lo⁵³/

/pu⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lo⁵³/

/pʰu²³⁻²¹ to²³/

/pʰu²⁴⁻²² to²⁴/

/pʰu²⁴⁻¹² to²⁴/

/pʰo²³⁻²¹ to²³/

/pʰɤ²⁴⁻³³ tɤ²⁴/

/pʰo²⁴⁻¹¹ to²⁴/

/pʰo¹³⁻²² to¹³/

/pʰɤ²³⁻³³ tɤ²³/

/pʰɔ¹³⁻²² to¹³/

/po²⁴⁻³³ to²⁴/

/pʰue²⁴⁻³³ tɤ²⁴/

/pu²⁴⁻²² to²⁴/

/pɔ²³⁻³³ tɤ²³/

/pɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ to²⁴/

/pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰo⁵⁵/

/bəʔ¹¹ dɔ²³/

/bəʔ²² dæ⁵¹/

/pʰu³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pʰu³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³/

/pʰu³⁵ tʰaʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/pʰou²⁴ tʰɔ⁵¹/

/pʰou̯²¹ tʰou̯²¹/

/pʰu¹¹ tʰo¹¹/

/pʰu⁵⁵ tʰo⁵⁵/

/pʰuo⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lo⁵³/

/puo⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lo⁵³/

/pu⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lo⁵³/

/pʰu²³⁻²¹ to²³/

/pʰu²⁴⁻²² to²⁴/

/pʰu²⁴⁻¹² to²⁴/

/pʰo²³⁻²¹ to²³/

/pʰɤ²⁴⁻³³ tɤ²⁴/

/pʰo²⁴⁻¹¹ to²⁴/

/pʰo¹³⁻²² to¹³/

/pʰɤ²³⁻³³ tɤ²³/

/pʰɔ¹³⁻²² to¹³/

/po²⁴⁻³³ to²⁴/

/pʰue²⁴⁻³³ tɤ²⁴/

/pu²⁴⁻²² to²⁴/

/pɔ²³⁻³³ tɤ²³/

/pɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ to²⁴/

/pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰo⁵⁵/

/bəʔ¹¹ dɔ²³/

/bəʔ²² dæ⁵¹/


大洋

/tä⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² jœːŋ²¹/

/taːi̯²² jœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/tai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ yoŋ⁵³/

/tua²¹ ĩũ²⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ iũ²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ iũ²³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ iɔ̃¹³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ iũ²³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ iũ²⁴/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ iaŋ¹³/

/tä⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² jœːŋ²¹/

/taːi̯²² jœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/tai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ yoŋ⁵³/

/tua²¹ ĩũ²⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ iũ²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ iũ²³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ iɔ̃¹³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ iũ²³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ iũ²⁴/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ iaŋ¹³/

(～鎮) Dayang (a town in Jiande, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)

(～鎮) Dayang (a town in Jinyun, Lishui, Zhejiang, China)

(～鎮) Dayang (a town in Yongtai, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Dayang (a town in Guiping, Guigang, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, China)


建設

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/kyoŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niɛʔ²⁴/

/kœŋ⁴² ɬɛʔ²¹/

/kyøŋ⁴² ɬɛʔ²/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚³²/

/kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɛt̚⁵/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚³²/

/kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚³²/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ siɛt̚³²/

/t͡ɕi³³ səʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕɪ⁵² səʔ³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/kyoŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niɛʔ²⁴/

/kœŋ⁴² ɬɛʔ²¹/

/kyøŋ⁴² ɬɛʔ²/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚³²/

/kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɛt̚⁵/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚³²/

/kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚³²/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ siɛt̚³²/

/t͡ɕi³³ səʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕɪ⁵² səʔ³³/

(～鎮) Jianshe (a town in Baiyü, Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


團結

/tʰu̯än³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/hᵘɔn²² ket̚⁵⁵/

/tuaŋ¹³⁻⁴² kɛʔ²¹/

/tuoŋ²⁴⁻⁴² kɛʔ²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻²¹ kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚⁵/

/tʰuan¹³⁻²² kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²³⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰueŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kak̚²/

/tʰuaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kak̚²/

/dø²² t͡ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/dø²⁴ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/dø²² ciɪʔ²²/

/dø²⁴ t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/

/dø²² t͡ɕiɪʔ³³/

/dɵ¹¹ t͡ɕiɪʔ³³/

/dɤə³¹ t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/

/dɤ¹¹ t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/

/də¹³ t͡ɕiəʔ³³/

/dø²² t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵¹/

/dɛ²² t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/

/de¹¹ t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/

/duõ²² t͡ɕiəʔ³⁴/

/dø̃¹¹ t͡ɕieʔ⁵⁵/

/tʰu̯än³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/hᵘɔn²² ket̚⁵⁵/

/tuaŋ¹³⁻⁴² kɛʔ²¹/

/tuoŋ²⁴⁻⁴² kɛʔ²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻²¹ kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚⁵/

/tʰuan¹³⁻²² kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²³⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰueŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kak̚²/

/tʰuaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kak̚²/

/dø²² t͡ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/dø²⁴ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/dø²² ciɪʔ²²/

/dø²⁴ t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/

/dø²² t͡ɕiɪʔ³³/

/dɵ¹¹ t͡ɕiɪʔ³³/

/dɤə³¹ t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/

/dɤ¹¹ t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/

/də¹³ t͡ɕiəʔ³³/

/dø²² t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵¹/

/dɛ²² t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/

/de¹¹ t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/

/duõ²² t͡ɕiəʔ³⁴/

/dø̃¹¹ t͡ɕieʔ⁵⁵/

As a lake, paired with nearby Xiezuo Lake from the expression 團結協作 (tuánjié xiézuò, “to work in unity”).

zh-l

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Tuanjie (a town in Yuli, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


巴西

/paː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/pa⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ⁵⁵/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/pa³³⁻²³ sai³³/

/paː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/pa⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ⁵⁵/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/pa³³⁻²³ sai³³/

(～鎮) Baxi (a town in Zoigê, Ngawa, Sichuan, China)


青山

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ san³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ san³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Qingshan (a town in Yunyang district, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


洛陽

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (洛陽):
* → Japanese: 洛陽(らくよう) (Rakuyō)
* → Korean: 낙양(洛陽) (Nagyang)
* → Vietnamese: Lạc Dương (洛陽)

→ English: Luoyang

desc

→ Thai: ลั่วหยาง, ลกเอี๋ยง

→ Thai: ลั่วหยาง, ลกเอี๋ยง

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/lɔːk̚³ jœːŋ²¹/

/lɔːk̚² jœːŋ²¹/

/lɔk̚⁵ iɔŋ¹¹/

/l̃ouʔ⁵⁻³³ yoŋ⁵³/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² iɔŋ²⁴/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² iɔŋ²⁴/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² iɔŋ²³/

/lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ iaŋ¹³/

/lok̚⁴⁻² iaŋ⁵⁵/

/loʔ¹¹ ɦiã²³/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/lɔːk̚³ jœːŋ²¹/

/lɔːk̚² jœːŋ²¹/

/lɔk̚⁵ iɔŋ¹¹/

/l̃ouʔ⁵⁻³³ yoŋ⁵³/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² iɔŋ²⁴/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² iɔŋ²⁴/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² iɔŋ²³/

/lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ iaŋ¹³/

/lok̚⁴⁻² iaŋ⁵⁵/

/loʔ¹¹ ɦiã²³/

Encyclopædia Britannica
Luo River (Henan)
Yin_and_yang#Toponymy

Yang (north) of the Luo River; based on Yin and yang toponymy in which north is associated with yang. Luoyang is situated to the north of the Luo River.

洛阳
雒陽
洛阳
樂洋
落洋

(～鎮) Luoyang (a town in the district of Zengdu, in the prefecture-level city of Suizhou, Hubei, China)


洛陽

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/lo(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ iũ²⁴/

/lo(ʔ)²⁴⁻² iũ²⁴/

/lo(ʔ)²³⁻² iũ²⁴/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/lo(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ iũ²⁴/

/lo(ʔ)²⁴⁻² iũ²⁴/

/lo(ʔ)²³⁻² iũ²⁴/

Popularly considered to be a beautified form (雅化) of 落洋.

zh-wp

zh:洛陽鎮 (惠安縣)

洛阳
雒陽
洛阳
樂洋
落洋

(～鎮) Luoyang (a town in Hui'an County, in the prefecture-level city of Quanzhou, Fujian, China)


太平

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (太平):
* → Japanese: 太平(たいへい) (taihei)
* → Korean: 태평(太平) (taepyeong)
* → Vietnamese: thái bình (太平)

→ Manchu: ᡨᠠᡳᡶᡳᠨ (taifin)

desc

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠫᠢᠩ (tayiping)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠫᠢᠩ (tayiping)

Mongolian: тайван (tajvan)

→ Tuvan: тайбың (taybıñ)

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/tʰɛ⁴⁴ pʰiŋ²⁴/

/tʰaːi̯³³ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/tʰuɛ³³ peiŋ²¹/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βaŋ⁵³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ¹³/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪŋ²³/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/tʰɛ⁴⁴ pʰiŋ²⁴/

/tʰaːi̯³³ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/tʰuɛ³³ peiŋ²¹/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βaŋ⁵³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ¹³/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪŋ²³/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

寧為太平犬，不做亂世人 / 宁为太平犬，不做乱世人

nìng wéi tàipíng quǎn, bù zuò luànshì rén

various place names, including:
various towns:
(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Tianjin, China)

various place names, including:
various towns:
Taiping (a town in Tianjin, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Tongliang, Chongqing, China)

Taiping (a town in Tongliang, Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Dianjiang, Chongqing, China)

Taiping (a town in Dianjiang, Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Jixian, Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Shuangyang district, Changchun, Jilin, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Panshan, Panjin, Liaoning, China)

Taiping (a town in Panshan, Panjin, Liaoning, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Shuangliu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China)

Taiping (a town in Shuangliu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Wanyuan, Dazhou, Sichuan, China)

Taiping (a town in Wanyuan, Dazhou, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Lushan, Ya'an, Sichuan, China)

Taiping (a town in Lushan, Ya'an, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Gulin, Luzhou, Sichuan, China)

Taiping (a town in Gulin, Luzhou, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Xingwen, Yibin, Sichuan, China)

Taiping (a town in Xingwen, Yibin, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Xichong, Nanchong, Sichuan, China)

Taiping (a town in Xichong, Nanchong, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Jiangyou, Mianyang, Sichuan, China)

Taiping (a town in Jiangyou, Mianyang, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Zizhong, Neijiang, Sichuan, China)

Taiping (a town in Zizhong, Neijiang, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Huili, Liangshan prefecture, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Shawan district, Leshan, Yunnan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Yao'an, Chuxiong prefecture, Yunnan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Yingjiang, Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Sidian, Baoshan, Yunnan, China)

Taiping (a town in Sidian, Baoshan, Yunnan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Sihong, Suqian, Jiangsu, China)

Taiping (a town in Sihong, Suqian, Jiangsu, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Zhao'an, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)

Taiping (a town in Zhao'an, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Yanping district, Nanping, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Yuanyang, Xinxiang, Henan, China)

Taiping (a town in Yuanyang, Xinxiang, Henan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Xixia, Nanyang, Henan, China)

Taiping (a town in Xixia, Nanyang, Henan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

Taiping (a town in Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Taiping (a town in Guangshui, Suizhou, Hubei, China, formerly a township)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Taiping (a town in Hefeng, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China, formerly a township)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Ningyuan, Yongzhou, Hunan, China)

Taiping (a town in Ningyuan, Yongzhou, Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Shimen, Changde, Hunan, China)

Taiping (a town in Shimen, Changde, Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Conghua district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Cixing, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China)

Taiping (a town in Cixing, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Majiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Yangshan, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Qingxin district, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Luoding, Yunfou, Guangdong, China)

Taiping (a town in Luoding, Yunfou, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Xinxing, Yunfou, Guangdong, China)

Taiping (a town in Xinxing, Yunfou, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Teng, Wuzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Wuming district, Nanning, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Jiangzhou district, Chongzuo, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Liucheng, Liuzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Lingshan, Qinzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Pingguo, Baise, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Juye, Heze, Shandong, China)

Taiping (a town in Juye, Heze, Shandong, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Zoucheng, Jining, Shandong, China)

Taiping (a town in Zoucheng, Jining, Shandong, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Jiyang, Jinan, Shandong, China)

Taiping (a town in Jiyang, Jinan, Shandong, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Wanli district, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Jingyang, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China)

Taiping (a town in Jingyang, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Zhenyuan, Qingyang, Gansu, China)

Taiping (a town in Zhenyuan, Qingyang, Gansu, China)

(～鄉) Taiping (a town in Tuquan, Xing'an, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


甲子

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kap⁵⁻² t͡sɨ²⁴/

/t͡ɕiaʔ²⁻⁴⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/kaʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sy³³/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ t͡si⁴¹/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡ɕiaʔ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kap⁵⁻² t͡sɨ²⁴/

/t͡ɕiaʔ²⁻⁴⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/kaʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sy³³/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ t͡si⁴¹/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/t͡ɕiaʔ³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Jiazi (a town in Lufeng, Shanwei, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Jiazi (a town in Qiongshan district, Haikou, Hainan, China)


南陽

/nän³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/lam²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² iɔŋ¹³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/nän³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/lam²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² iɔŋ¹³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

(～鎮) Nanyang (a town in Xingshan, Yichang, Hubei, China)


擂鼓

/leɪ̯³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵy̯²¹ kuː³⁵/

/leɪ̯³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵy̯²¹ kuː³⁵/

/lui²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/lui²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

/lui²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/lui²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

(～鎮) Leigu (a town in Zhushan, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


得勝

/tɤ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/tɐk̚⁵ sɪŋ³³/

/tit̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ²¹/

/tit̚⁵⁻²⁴ siɪŋ⁴¹/

/tit̚³²⁻⁵ siɪŋ²¹/

/tit̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ¹¹/

/tit̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ²¹/

/tɤ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/tɐk̚⁵ sɪŋ³³/

/tit̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ²¹/

/tit̚⁵⁻²⁴ siɪŋ⁴¹/

/tit̚³²⁻⁵ siɪŋ²¹/

/tit̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ¹¹/

/tit̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ²¹/

(～鎮) Desheng (a town in Zhushan, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


知名

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 知名(ちな) (China).

(～町) China (a town in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


南門

/nän³⁵ mən³⁵/

/naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ muei¹³/

/naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mui²⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/nän³⁵ mən³⁵/

/naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ muei¹³/

/naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mui²⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

(～鎮) Nanmen (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)


河南

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (河南):
* → Japanese: 河(か)南(なん) (Kanan)
* → Korean: 하남(河南) (Hanam)
* → Vietnamese: Hà Nam (河南)

→ English: Henan

→ Manchu: ᡥᠣᠨᠠᠨ (honan)

/xɤ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/hɔː²¹ naːm²¹/

/o⁵³⁻³³ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/hɒ¹³⁻¹¹ naŋ¹³/

/hɒ²⁴⁻²¹ naŋ²⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² lam¹³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lam²⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ lam²³/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lam⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/hɔː²¹ naːm²¹/

/o⁵³⁻³³ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/hɒ¹³⁻¹¹ naŋ¹³/

/hɒ²⁴⁻²¹ naŋ²⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² lam¹³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lam²⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ lam²³/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lam⁵⁵/

(～町) Kanan (a town in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)


高橋

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

(～鎮) Gaoqiao (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)


長沙

Sino-Xenic (長沙):
* → Japanese: 長(ちょう)沙(さ) (Chōsa)
* → Korean: 장사(長沙) (Jangsa)
* → Vietnamese: Trường Sa (長沙)

→ English: Changsha, Ch'ang-sha

→ Korean: 창사 (Changsa)

→ Russian: Чанша́ (Čanšá)

→ Zhuang: Cangzsah

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ saː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ sa²⁴/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ sa⁴⁴/

/tuoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾na⁵⁵/

/tyɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ɬa⁵³³/

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ɬa⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² sa⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² sa³³/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² sɛ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ sua⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ sua⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sa³³/

/ʈ͡ʂan¹³ sa̠³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ saː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ sa²⁴/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ sa⁴⁴/

/tuoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾na⁵⁵/

/tyɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ɬa⁵³³/

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ɬa⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² sa⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² sa³³/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² sɛ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ sua⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ sua⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sa³³/

/ʈ͡ʂan¹³ sa̠³³/

(～鎮) Changsha (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)


平原

Sino-Xenic (平原):
* → Japanese: 平原(へいげん) (heigen)
* → Korean: 평원(平原) (pyeong'won)
* → Vietnamese: bình nguyên (平原)

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ jyːn²¹/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² ɡuan¹³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡuan²⁴/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ ɡuan²³/

/pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ŋueŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ jyːn²¹/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² ɡuan¹³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡuan²⁴/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ ɡuan²³/

/pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ŋueŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Pingyuan (a town in Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


小林

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ lɐm²¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ lɐm²¹/

(～鎮) Xiaolin (a town in Sui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)


吉田

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

(～町) Yoshida (a town in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


巫山

→ English: Wushan, Wu-shan

/u⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/

/u⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Wushan (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)


花叢

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

(～鎮) Huacong (a town in Enyang district, Bazhong, Sichuan, China)


菱角

/liŋ³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɑʊ̯³/

/liŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɪŋ²¹ kɔːk̚³/

/lɪŋ²¹ kɔːk̚³⁻³⁵/

/len²² kɔk̚³³⁻²¹⁵/

/len²² kɔk̚³³⁻²¹/

/liŋ¹¹ t͡ɕyəʔ²/

/l̃ɛiŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔyʔ²⁴/

/l̃iŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔyʔ²⁴/

/leŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kak̚³²/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ kak̚³²/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kak̚³²/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kak̚³²/

/liŋ³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɑʊ̯³/

/liŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɪŋ²¹ kɔːk̚³/

/lɪŋ²¹ kɔːk̚³⁻³⁵/

/len²² kɔk̚³³⁻²¹⁵/

/len²² kɔk̚³³⁻²¹/

/liŋ¹¹ t͡ɕyəʔ²/

/l̃ɛiŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔyʔ²⁴/

/l̃iŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔyʔ²⁴/

/leŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kak̚³²/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ kak̚³²/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kak̚³²/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kak̚³²/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Lingjiao (a town in Wuxi, Chongqing, China, formerly a township)


觀音

Sino-Xenic (觀音):
* → Japanese: 観(かん)音(のん) (Kannon)
* → Korean: 관음(觀音) (Gwaneum)
* → Vietnamese: Quan Âm (觀音)

→ Burmese: ကွမ်ယင် (kwam-yang)

→ English: Guanyin

→ Indonesian: Kwan Im

→ Khmer: គង់ស៊ីអ៊ីម (kŭəngsiiʼiim)

desc

→ Thai: กวนอิม

→ Thai: กวนอิม

/kon²⁴⁻¹¹ im²⁴/

/kuæ̃¹¹ iŋ¹¹/

/kuaŋ⁵⁵ nˡiŋ⁵⁵/

/kua⁵³³⁻¹¹ iŋ⁵³³/

/kũã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ iŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/kuaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ⁵³³/

/kueŋ³³⁻²³ im³³/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ im³³/

/kon²⁴⁻¹¹ im²⁴/

/kuæ̃¹¹ iŋ¹¹/

/kuaŋ⁵⁵ nˡiŋ⁵⁵/

/kua⁵³³⁻¹¹ iŋ⁵³³/

/kũã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ iŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/kuaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ⁵³³/

/kueŋ³³⁻²³ im³³/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ im³³/

“[One who] Observes Sounds”, in reference to the prayers and cries of sentient beings who need help, a calque of Sanskrit अवलोकितस्वर (avalokitasvara, literally “down-observe-sound”), the original form of अवलोकितेश्वर (avalokiteśvara, “Avalokiteśvara”), the bodhisattva who embodies the compassion of all Buddhas.
Synonymous with 觀世音／观世音 (Guānshìyīn, “One who Observes the Sounds of the World”), which interpreted the middle element of the Sanskrit compound as लोक (loka, “world”). The shorter form became more common during the Tang dynasty to avoid naming the taboo personal name of Emperor Taizong of Tang, 李世民.
Compare Tibetan སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས (spyan ras gzigs, literally “one who looks down with an unwavering eye”).

cog

སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས

(～鎮) Guanyin (a town in Yunxi, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


諸葛

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (諸葛):
* → Japanese: 諸葛(しょかつ) (Shokatsu)
* → Korean: 제갈(諸葛) (Jegal)

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ kɔːt̚³/

/t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɑʔ²⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ kat̚³²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² kat̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ kɔːt̚³/

/t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɑʔ²⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ kat̚³²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² kat̚³²/

三個臭皮匠，勝過諸葛亮 / 三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮

sān ge chòupíjiàng, shèngguò Zhūgě Liàng

(～鎮) Zhuge (a town in Lanxi, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)


永樂

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹/

/wɪŋ¹³ lɔːk̚²/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lɔk̚²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚¹²¹/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚⁴/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹/

/wɪŋ¹³ lɔːk̚²/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lɔk̚²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚¹²¹/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚⁴/

(～鎮) Yongle (name of various towns in China)

(～鎮) Yongle (a town in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)


鳳凰

ja-r

鳳(ほう)凰(おう) (hōō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (鳳凰):
* → Japanese: 鳳(ほう)凰(おう) (hōō)
* → Korean: 봉황(鳳凰) (bonghwang)
* → Vietnamese: phượng hoàng (鳳凰)

/fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ¹/

/fəŋ⁴⁴ xuɑŋ²⁴/

/fʊŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹/

/fɵŋ³² vɔŋ²²/

/fuŋ¹¹ fɔŋ¹/

/fuŋ⁵⁵ foŋ¹¹/

/fuŋ³³ foŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ¹³/

/hɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɔŋ²³/

/hoŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ⁵⁵/

/hoŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ⁵⁵/

/voŋ²² ɦuɑ̃⁴⁴/

/fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ¹/

/fəŋ⁴⁴ xuɑŋ²⁴/

/fʊŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹/

/fɵŋ³² vɔŋ²²/

/fuŋ¹¹ fɔŋ¹/

/fuŋ⁵⁵ foŋ¹¹/

/fuŋ³³ foŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ¹³/

/hɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɔŋ²³/

/hoŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ⁵⁵/

/hoŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ⁵⁵/

/voŋ²² ɦuɑ̃⁴⁴/

Miyake (2015) reconstructs Old Chinese pronunciation *N-prəm-s ɢʷˁɑŋ and proposes, though with uncertainty, that the mythical bird's name is the affixed form of 風皇 (“wind sovereign”).

(～鎮) Fenghuang (name of various towns in China)

(～鎮) Fenghuang (a town in Xinzhou district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Fenghuang (a town in Wuxi, Chongqing, China)


合作

/xɤ³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/hɐp̚² t͡sɔːk̚³/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/hap̚²⁴⁻² t͡sɔk̚⁵/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sɔk̚³²/

/ɦəʔ¹¹ t͡soʔ²³/

/xɤ³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/hɐp̚² t͡sɔːk̚³/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/hap̚²⁴⁻² t͡sɔk̚⁵/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sɔk̚³²/

/ɦəʔ¹¹ t͡soʔ²³/

(～鎮) Hezuo Town (a town in Qidong, Jiangsu, China)


草堂

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰou̯³⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰɔ³³ dɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰɔ¹³ dɑ̃³¹/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰou̯³⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰɔ³³ dɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰɔ¹³ dɑ̃³¹/

(～鎮) Caotang (a town in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)


客店

/kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kʰaʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾laiŋ²¹³/

/kʰa¹¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾le⁴²/

/kʰa²¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾ni⁴²/

/kʰeʔ²⁻⁴ tiam²¹³/

/kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kʰaʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾laiŋ²¹³/

/kʰa¹¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾le⁴²/

/kʰa²¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾ni⁴²/

/kʰeʔ²⁻⁴ tiam²¹³/

(～鎮) Kedian (a town in Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


歇馬

/ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Xiema (a town in Baokang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


銅鼓

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵/

(～鎮) Tonggu (a town in Wushan, Chongqing, China)


玲瓏

/liŋ³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ lʊŋ²¹/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² lɔŋ¹³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ lɔŋ²³/

/leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ loŋ⁵⁵/

/liŋ³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ lʊŋ²¹/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² lɔŋ¹³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ lɔŋ²³/

/leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ loŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Linglong (a town in Zhaoyuan, Yantai, Shandong, China)

(～鎮) Lenggong (a town in Hulu Perak district, Perak, Malaysia)


紫金

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ kɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ kɐm⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Zijin (a town in Gucheng, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


長安

→ English: Chang'an, Ch'ang-an

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ on²⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² an³³/

/tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ on²⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² an³³/

/tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Chang'an (name of various towns in China)

Chang'an (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


龍王

ja-r

竜王(りゅうおう) (ryūō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (龍王):
* → Japanese: 竜王(りゅうおう) (ryūō)
* → Korean: 룡왕(龍王) (ryong'wang), 용왕(龍王) (yong'wang)
* → Vietnamese: long vương (龍王)

/lʊŋ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/li̯uŋ¹¹ voŋ¹¹/

/l̃yŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((Ø-))ŋuoŋ⁵³/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ ŋ̍²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋ̍²⁴/

/lʊŋ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/li̯uŋ¹¹ voŋ¹¹/

/l̃yŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((Ø-))ŋuoŋ⁵³/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ ŋ̍²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋ̍²⁴/

* (Ryūō): Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 竜王町.

obor

(～鎮) Longwang (a town in Xiangzhou district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

Shiga Prefecture
Shiga Prefecture#English

(～町) Ryūō (a town in Shiga Prefecture, Japan)


金寶

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

From Indonesian Kampar and Malay Kampar, probably via Cantonese.


金珠

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Jinzhu (a town in Daocheng, Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


荷花

/xɤ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/hɔː²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/ho⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² hue³³/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² hua⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ hua⁴⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ hua⁴⁴/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue³³/

/xo¹³ ɸa̠³³/

/xɤ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/hɔː²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/ho⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² hue³³/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² hua⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ hua⁴⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ hua⁴⁴/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue³³/

/xo¹³ ɸa̠³³/

(～鎮) Hehua (a town in Yuan'an, Yichang, Hubei, China)


喀什

From Mongolian Хаш (Xaš), from Mongolian хаш (xaš, “jade”).

/kʰä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/kʰä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/kʰä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/kʰä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Kashi, Qash (a town and former township on the Kash in Yining, Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


大進

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

(～鎮) Dajin (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)


王城

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/voŋ¹¹ saŋ¹¹/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² siã¹³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ siã²³/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/voŋ¹¹ saŋ¹¹/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² siã¹³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ siã²³/

(historical) Wangcheng (a town in Henan, China; modern Luoyang)

(～鎮) Wangcheng (a town in Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


天堂

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰiæ̃²⁴ tʰɑŋ²⁴/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/hen³³ hɔŋ²²/

/tʰi̯en²⁴ tʰoŋ¹¹/

/tʰieŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nouŋ⁵³/

/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ tɒŋ¹³/

/tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ tɒŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰĩ³³ tŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² tŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰĩ³³⁻²³ tɯŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰi⁵⁵ dɑ̃²¹/

/tʰie⁴⁴ dɑ̃³¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰiæ̃²⁴ tʰɑŋ²⁴/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/hen³³ hɔŋ²²/

/tʰi̯en²⁴ tʰoŋ¹¹/

/tʰieŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nouŋ⁵³/

/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ tɒŋ¹³/

/tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ tɒŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰĩ³³ tŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² tŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰĩ³³⁻²³ tɯŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰi⁵⁵ dɑ̃²¹/

/tʰie⁴⁴ dɑ̃³¹/

Calque of Sanskrit देवसभा (devasabhā, “hall of the gods”).

cal

(～鎮) Tiantang (a town in Ningyuan, Yongzhou, Hunan, China)


白帝

/paɪ̯³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ti⁵¹/

(～鎮) Baidi (a town in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)


喬丹

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ taːn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ taːn⁵⁵/

Jordan (a small town, the county seat of Garfield County, Montana, United States)


中堂

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ tɒŋ¹³/

dyoeng¹ dorng² [Phonetic:dyoeng⁵ dorng²]

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ tɒŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ tɒŋ¹³/

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ tɒŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²³/

(～鎮) Zhongtang (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


問安

/wən⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/mɐn²² ɔːn⁵⁵/

/bun²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/bun⁴¹⁻²² an³³/

/bun³³⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/bun³³⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/mŋ̍³³⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/mŋ̍²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/mŋ̍³³⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/wən⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/mɐn²² ɔːn⁵⁵/

/bun²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/bun⁴¹⁻²² an³³/

/bun³³⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/bun³³⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/mŋ̍³³⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/mŋ̍²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/mŋ̍³³⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Wen'an (a town in Zhijiang, Yichang, Hubei, China)


珠寶

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ po⁵³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ pɤ⁴¹/

/t͡su³³⁻²³ po⁵²/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ pɔ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ po⁵³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ pɤ⁴¹/

/t͡su³³⁻²³ po⁵²/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ pɔ²¹/

Chemor (a town in Kinta district, Perak, Malaysia)


瑯琊

/lɑŋ³⁵ jä³⁵/

/lɑŋ³⁵ jɛ³⁵/

/lɔːŋ²¹ jɛː²¹/

/lɔːŋ²¹ ŋaː²¹/

/lɑŋ³⁵ jä³⁵/

/lɑŋ³⁵ jɛ³⁵/

/lɔːŋ²¹ jɛː²¹/

/lɔːŋ²¹ ŋaː²¹/

(～鎮) Langya (a town in Huangdao district, Qingdao, Shandong, China)

(～鎮) Langya (a town in Wucheng district, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)

(～鎮) Langya (a town in Qu, Dazhou, Sichuan, China)


石井

→ English: Shijing, Shih-ching

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Shijing (a town in Nan'an, Quanzhou, Fujian, China)


九江

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/kau³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ouŋ⁵⁵/

/kau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

/kau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕiɤ³³ kɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/kau³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ouŋ⁵⁵/

/kau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

/kau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕiɤ³³ kɑ̃⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Jiujiang (a town in Nanhai district, Foshan, Guangdong, China)


白果

/paɪ̯³⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ku̯ɔɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːk̚² kʷɔː³⁵/

/pak̚³² kᵘɔ⁵⁵/

/ˈpʰɛt̚⁵ kuo²¹³/

/paʔ⁵⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uo³³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ ke⁴²/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kue⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kɤ⁴¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ kə⁴²/

/peʔ⁴⁻² kũãĩ⁵²/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ku̯ɔɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːk̚² kʷɔː³⁵/

/pak̚³² kᵘɔ⁵⁵/

/ˈpʰɛt̚⁵ kuo²¹³/

/paʔ⁵⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uo³³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ ke⁴²/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kue⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kɤ⁴¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ kə⁴²/

/peʔ⁴⁻² kũãĩ⁵²/

(～鎮) Baiguo (a town in Macheng, Huanggang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Baiguo (a town in Jintang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China)


沉香

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐm²¹ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɨm¹¹ hi̯oŋ²⁴/

/tim²³⁻³³ hiũ⁴⁴/

/tim²⁴⁻¹¹ hiũ⁴⁴/

/tim²⁴⁻²² hiũ⁴⁴/

/tim²⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐm²¹ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɨm¹¹ hi̯oŋ²⁴/

/tim²³⁻³³ hiũ⁴⁴/

/tim²⁴⁻¹¹ hiũ⁴⁴/

/tim²⁴⁻²² hiũ⁴⁴/

/tim²⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ⁴⁴/

So named as it sinks when placed in water.


東海

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/taŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai⁴⁵³/

/taŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai³³²/

/tɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai⁴⁵³/

/tɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai³³²/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hai⁵³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hai⁴¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/taŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai⁴⁵³/

/taŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai³³²/

/tɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai⁴⁵³/

/tɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai³³²/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hai⁵³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hai⁴¹/

(～鎮) Donghai (a town in Chengxiang district, Putian, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Donghai (a town in Jidong, Jixi, Heilongjiang, China)

(～鎮) Donghai (a town in Qidong, Nantong, Jiangsu, China)


東莞

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (東莞):
* → Japanese: 東莞(とうかん) (Tōkan)
* → Vietnamese: Đông Hoản (東莞)

desc

→ English: Dongguan, Tungkuan, Tung-kuan, Tungkun, Tungkoon, Tung Koon

→ Zhuang: Dunghgvanj

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kuːn³⁵/

/tʊŋ²¹³ kun³⁵/

/ɵŋ³³ kᵘɔn⁵⁵/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁵³/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ kuaŋ⁵²/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kuːn³⁵/

/tʊŋ²¹³ kun³⁵/

/ɵŋ³³ kᵘɔn⁵⁵/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁵³/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ kuaŋ⁵²/

(～鎮) Dongguan (a town in Ju County, Rizhao, Shandong, China)


四季青

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

(～地區, formerly ～鄉; ～鎮) Sijiqing (a town and former township in Haidian district, Beijing, China)


溫泉

/wən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/wɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹/

/un⁴⁴⁻²² t͡suã²⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻²² t͡suã¹³/

/un⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suã²⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suã²³/

/wən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/wɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹/

/un⁴⁴⁻²² t͡suã²⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻²² t͡suã¹³/

/un⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suã²⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡suã²³/

(～鎮) Wenquan Town (name of various towns in China)

(～鎮) Wenquan (a town in Yingshan, Huanggang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Wenquan (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)


南海

/nän³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/ⁿdam²² hᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/lam²⁴⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/

/nän³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/ⁿdam²² hᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/lam²⁴⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/

; "Nanhai, Guangdong, China; Nanhai Commandery"

(～鎮) Nanhai (a town in Songzi, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


法門

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ muoŋ⁵³/

/haʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ mɔŋ¹³/

/haʔ²⁻⁴ muoŋ²⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/faʔ³³ mən⁴⁴/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ muoŋ⁵³/

/haʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ mɔŋ¹³/

/haʔ²⁻⁴ muoŋ²⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/faʔ³³ mən⁴⁴/

Calque of Sanskrit धर्मपर्याय (dharmaparyāya), comprised of धर्म (dharma, “dharma”) + पर्याय (paryāya, “method”).

compound

(～鎮) Famen (a town in Fufeng, Baoji, Shaanxi, China)


鳩山

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～町) Hatoyama (a town in Hiki district, Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


柏林

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵/

(～鎮) Bailin (a town in Zhangwan district, in the prefecture-level city of Shiyan, Hubei, China)


運河

/wɐn²² hɔː²¹/

/vun³² hᵘɔ²²/

/uŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋo⁵³/

/ɔŋ¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋɒ¹³/

/uoŋ²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋɒ²⁴/

/un²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴/

/un⁴¹⁻²² ho²⁴/

/un²²⁻²¹ ho¹³/

/un³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/un³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³/

/wɐn²² hɔː²¹/

/vun³² hᵘɔ²²/

/uŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋo⁵³/

/ɔŋ¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋɒ¹³/

/uoŋ²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋɒ²⁴/

/un²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴/

/un⁴¹⁻²² ho²⁴/

/un²²⁻²¹ ho¹³/

/un³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/un³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Yunhe (a town in Xiangshui, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China, formerly a township)


公安

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ an³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ aŋ³³/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ an³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ aŋ³³/

(～鎮) Gong'an (a town in Zhongshan, Hezhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


河北

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (河北):
* → Japanese: 河(か)北(ほく) (Kahoku)
* → Korean: 하북(河北) (Habuk)
* → Vietnamese: Hà Bắc (河北)

→ English: Hebei, Hopeh

/xɤ³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː²¹ pɐk̚⁵/

/o⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɔyʔ²⁴/

/hɒ¹³⁻⁴² paʔ²¹/

/hɒ²⁴⁻⁴² paʔ²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² pak̚⁵/

/ho¹³⁻²² pak̚³²/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ pak̚³²/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ pak̚³²/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pak̚²/

/ɦu²² poʔ⁴⁴/

/xɤ³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː²¹ pɐk̚⁵/

/o⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɔyʔ²⁴/

/hɒ¹³⁻⁴² paʔ²¹/

/hɒ²⁴⁻⁴² paʔ²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² pak̚⁵/

/ho¹³⁻²² pak̚³²/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ pak̚³²/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ pak̚³²/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pak̚²/

/ɦu²² poʔ⁴⁴/

(～町) Kahoku (a town in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


色拉

/sɪk̚⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/sɪk̚⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

(now historical) (～鄉) Sera (a township in Daocheng, Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China), now Gatong (a town in Daocheng, Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


公平

Sino-Xenic (公平):
* → Japanese: 公平(こうへい) (kōhei)
* → Korean: 공평(公平) (gongpyeong)
* → Vietnamese: công bình (公平), công bằng (公平)

→ Zhuang: goengbingz

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/kɔŋ³³ pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pɛ̃¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pẽ²³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰiɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/kɔŋ³³ pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pɛ̃¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pẽ²³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰiɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Gongping (a town in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Gongping (a town in Haifeng, Shanwei, Guangdong, China)


梅花

/meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/puei¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵³³/

/puei²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁴⁴/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/

/muĩ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² hue³³/

/muĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/muãi²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/muãi²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muẽ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muẽ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/me̞i̯¹³ ɸa̠³³/

/meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/puei¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵³³/

/puei²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁴⁴/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/

/muĩ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² hue³³/

/muĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/muãi²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/muãi²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muẽ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muẽ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/me̞i̯¹³ ɸa̠³³/

(～鎮) Meihua (a town in Changle district, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


新華

/ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Xinhua (a town in Shennongjia, Hubei, China, formerly a township)


大德

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tiɪk̚⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tiɪk̚⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

(～鎮) Dade (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)


半月

/pän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/pän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

(～鎮) Banyue (a town in Dangyang, Yichang, Hubei, China)


興平

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Xingping (a town in Yuli, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


流水

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐu̯²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/lau²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/liu²⁴⁻²² sui⁵⁵⁴/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐu̯²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/lau²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/liu²⁴⁻²² sui⁵⁵⁴/

(～鎮) Liushui (a town in Yicheng, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Liushui (a town in Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


古來

→ Malay: Kulai

This place was originally known as 龜來, since many turtles are found on the river bank after floods. Since the character 龜 is complex, it is later renamed 古來.

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/

Kulai (a town, the capital of Kulai district, Johor, Malaysia)


大昌

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Dachang (a town in Wushan, Chongqing, China)


義和

(～鎮) Yihe (a town in Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Yihe (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)


大樹

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² syː²²/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu²²/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu²²/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu³³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu³³/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² syː²²/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu²²/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu²²/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu³³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu³³/

(～鎮) Dashu (a town in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)


大河

(～鎮) Dahe (a town in Laifeng, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


江口

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ³³ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁴¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ³³ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁴¹/

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Hanjiang district, Putian, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Yingshang, Fuyang, Anhui, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Ganxian district, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Hengnan, Hengyang, Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Dongkou, Shaoyang, Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Wulong district, Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Yunyang, Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Jiange, Guangyuan, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Pingchang, Bazhong, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Liuba, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Ningshan, Ankang, Shaanxi, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Guiping, Guigang, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, China)


大川

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Dachuan (a town in Maojian district, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


大橋

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/taːi̯²² kʰiːu̯²¹/

/du²² d͡ʑiɔ⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/taːi̯²² kʰiːu̯²¹/

/du²² d͡ʑiɔ⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Daqiao (a town in Dingyuan, Chuzhou, Anhui, China)

(～鎮) Daqiao (a town in Gutian, Ningde, Fujian, China)


金田

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

(～鎮) Jintian (a town in Guiping, Guigang, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


高田

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

(～鎮) Gaotian (a town in Yangshuo, Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


長島

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ tou̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ tou̯³⁵/

(～町) Nagashima (a town in Izumi district, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


西山

Sino-Xenic (西山):
* → Japanese: 西山(にしやま) (Nishiyama)
* → Korean: 서산(西山) (Seosan)
* → Vietnamese: Tây Sơn (西山)

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Xishan (former name of 金庭 (Jīntíng) (= Jinting): a town on Xishan Island in Suzhou, Jiangsu, China)


濱中

/pin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 浜中 (Hamanaka).

obor

(～町) Hamanaka (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


平林

/pʰɪŋ²¹ lɐm²¹/

/pẽ²³⁻³³ nã²³/

/pĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ nã²⁴/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ lɐm²¹/

/pẽ²³⁻³³ nã²³/

/pĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ nã²⁴/

(～鎮) Pinglin (a town in Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


福田

/fu³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/hok̚²⁻⁴ t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/

/fu³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/hok̚²⁻⁴ t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit पुण्यक्षेत्र (puṇyakṣetra), from पुण्य (puṇya, “merit”) + क्षेत्र (kṣetra, “field”).

cal

पुण्यक्षेत्र

compound

(～鎮) Futian (a town in Wushan, Chongqing, China)


福山

/fu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/fu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Fushan (a town in Chengmai, Hainan, China)


古田

→ English: Gutian

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

(～鎮) Gutian (a town in Shanghang, Longyan, Fujian, China)


安居

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

/on²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

/on²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

(～鎮) Anju (a town in Sui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)


路口

/lu⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu⁵¹ kʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lou̯²² hɐu̯³⁵/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ⁴¹⁻²² kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ³³⁻¹¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ³³⁻²¹ kʰau⁴¹/

/lu⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu⁵¹ kʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lou̯²² hɐu̯³⁵/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ⁴¹⁻²² kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ³³⁻¹¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ³³⁻²¹ kʰau⁴¹/

(～鎮) Lukou (a town in Huangzhou district, Huanggang, Hubei, China)


石橋

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kʰiːu̯²¹/

/ɬieu¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu¹³/

/ɬieu²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu²⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiɤ²³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kʰiːu̯²¹/

/ɬieu¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu¹³/

/ɬieu²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu²⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiɤ²³/

(～鎮) Shiqiao (a town in Xiangzhou district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


鹿野

/lu⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊk̚² jɛː¹³/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ia⁵³/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² ia⁵⁵⁴/

/lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ia⁵³/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ia⁵³/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ia⁴¹/

/lu⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊk̚² jɛː¹³/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ia⁵³/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² ia⁵⁵⁴/

/lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ia⁵³/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ia⁵³/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ia⁴¹/

From Japanese 鹿野 (Shikano). The Taiwanese town used to be named 鹿寮 (Lùliáo) but was renamed under Japanese rule in 1911.

(～鄉) Luye (a town in Taitung County, Taiwan)


仙女

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ nyə̯ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːn⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lu⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

/siɛn³³ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ nyə̯ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːn⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lu⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

/siɛn³³ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

(～鎮) Xiannü (a town in Zhijiang, Yichang, Hubei, China)


保安

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/po⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ aŋ⁵³³/

/po³³²⁻²¹ aŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ an³³/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/po⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ aŋ⁵³³/

/po³³²⁻²¹ aŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ an³³/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Bao'an (a town in Ningyuan, Yongzhou, Hunan, China)


丹陽

/tän⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/taːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/tän⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/taːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

(～鎮) Danyang (a town in Lianjiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


廟宇

/mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/miːu̯²² jyː¹³/

/bio⁴¹⁻²² u⁵⁵⁴/

/bio²²⁻²¹ u⁵³/

/bio³³⁻¹¹ u⁵³/

/biɤ³³⁻²¹ u⁴¹/

/bio²²⁻²¹ i⁵³/

/miɔ²² ɦy⁴⁴/

/mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/miːu̯²² jyː¹³/

/bio⁴¹⁻²² u⁵⁵⁴/

/bio²²⁻²¹ u⁵³/

/bio³³⁻¹¹ u⁵³/

/biɤ³³⁻²¹ u⁴¹/

/bio²²⁻²¹ i⁵³/

/miɔ²² ɦy⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Miaoyu (a town in Wushan, Chongqing, China)


金石

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ sɛːk̚²/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪk̚⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ sɛːk̚²/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪk̚⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

(～鎮) Jinshi (a town in Chao'an district, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China)


燕子

/jɛn⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/iɛn²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/ie⁴⁵ t͡səʔ⁴/

/i³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/i̯ẽ⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/i̯ɛn³²⁴⁻³¹ t͡sz̩³/

/jɛn⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/iɛn²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/ie⁴⁵ t͡səʔ⁴/

/i³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/i̯ẽ⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/i̯ɛn³²⁴⁻³¹ t͡sz̩³/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Yanzi (a town and former township in Hefeng, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


長壽

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²⁴ ʂou⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ sɐu̯²²/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ su⁵⁵/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ siu³³/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² siu⁴¹/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ siu³³/

/tŋ̍¹³⁻²² siu²²/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² siu²²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siu⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ siu³³/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siu²²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siu³³/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² siu²²/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siu¹¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²⁴ ʂou⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ sɐu̯²²/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ su⁵⁵/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ siu³³/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² siu⁴¹/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ siu³³/

/tŋ̍¹³⁻²² siu²²/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² siu²²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siu⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ siu³³/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siu²²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siu³³/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² siu²²/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siu¹¹/

(～鎮) Changshou (a town in Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


上京

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²² kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²² kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ¹³ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kin²⁴/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ¹³ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kin²⁴/

(～鎮) Shangjing (a town in Datian, Sanming, Fujian, China)


天星

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰin³³ ɬɪŋ³³/

/tʰĩ³³⁴ san³³⁴/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰin³³ ɬɪŋ³³/

/tʰĩ³³⁴ san³³⁴/

(～鎮) Tianxing (a town in Daguan, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China)


上市

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 上(かみ)市(いち) (Kamiichi).

(～町) Kamiichi (a town in Toyama Prefecture, Japan)


航天

/xɑŋ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/hɔːŋ²¹ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn³³/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/haŋ¹³⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰĩ³³/

/xɑŋ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/hɔːŋ²¹ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn³³/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/haŋ¹³⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰĩ³³/

(～鎮) Hangtian (a town in Jinta, Jiuquan, Gansu, China)


天鵝

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀɤ³⁵/

/tʰiæ̃²⁴ ŋə²⁴/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ ŋɔː²¹/

/tʰi̯en²⁴ ŋo¹¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɡo²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ ɡo²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɡo¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡo²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡɤ²³/

/tʰi⁵⁵ ŋu²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀɤ³⁵/

/tʰiæ̃²⁴ ŋə²⁴/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ ŋɔː²¹/

/tʰi̯en²⁴ ŋo¹¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɡo²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ ɡo²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɡo¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡo²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡɤ²³/

/tʰi⁵⁵ ŋu²¹/

(～鎮) Tian'e (a town in Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


新造

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡so²²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡so²²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡so³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɤ³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡so²²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡so²²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡so³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɤ³³/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰou̯¹³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰou̯¹³/

(～鎮) Xinzao (a town in Panyu district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)


箱根

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kən⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ kɐn⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kən⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ kɐn⁵⁵/

(～町) Hakone (a town in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


五常

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ sœːŋ²¹/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²³/

/ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ¹³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ sœːŋ²¹/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²³/

/ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ¹³/

(～鎮) Wuchang (a town in Wuchang City, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)


黑水

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

(～鎮) Heshui (a town in Jianping, Chaoyang, Liaoning, China)

(～鎮) Heshui (a town in Taonan, Baicheng, Jilin, China)

(～鎮) Heshui (a town in Youyang, Chongqing, China)


兵營

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (兵營):
* → Japanese: 兵営(へいえい) (heiei)
* → Korean: 병영(兵營) (byeong'yeong)

/piŋ⁵⁵ iŋ³⁵/

/pɪŋ⁵⁵ jɪŋ²¹/

/pin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ iaŋ¹¹/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ³³ iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iã¹³/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iã²³/

/pĩã³³⁻²³ ĩã⁵⁵/

/piŋ⁵⁵ iŋ³⁵/

/pɪŋ⁵⁵ jɪŋ²¹/

/pin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ iaŋ¹¹/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ³³ iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iã¹³/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iã²³/

/pĩã³³⁻²³ ĩã⁵⁵/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Bingying (a town in Zhuxi, Shiyan, Hubei, China, formerly a township)


土城

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tʰou̯³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/tʰu³¹ saŋ¹¹/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ¹³⁻²² siã¹³/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ²³⁻³³ siã²³/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tʰou̯³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/tʰu³¹ saŋ¹¹/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ¹³⁻²² siã¹³/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ²³⁻³³ siã²³/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Tucheng (a town in Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Tucheng (a town in Wuxi, Chongqing, China, formerly a township)


龍山

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san³³/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san³³/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Longshan (a town in Zhangqiu district, Jinan, Shandong, China, where the Longshan culture was discovered)

(～鎮) Longshan (a town in Danjiangkou, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


富裕

Adapted from the name of the Wuyu'er River (乌裕尔河) in its territory. The name―alternatively written as Wu-yu(-er), Hu-yu(-er), Fu-yu(-er), Pu-yu throughout history―came from the Jurchen language, meaning “a low-lying area”.

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/fuː³³ jyː²²/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ lu³³/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ zu³³/

/pu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/pu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/fuː³³ jyː²²/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ lu³³/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ zu³³/

/pu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/pu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

(～鎮) Fuyu Town (a town in Fuyu County, Heilongjiang, China)


大有

/tä⁵¹ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² jɐu̯¹³/

/da²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/du²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² jɐu̯¹³/

/da²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/du²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Dayou (a town in Xiangshui, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China)


橋頭

desc

→ English: Chiaotou, Ch'iao-t'ou, Ciaotou, Qiaotou

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio¹³⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/kio²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/kiɤ²³⁻³³ tʰau²³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio¹³⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/kio²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/kiɤ²³⁻³³ tʰau²³/

(～鎮) Qiaotou (a town in Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)

(～鎮) Qiaotou (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


大馬

/tä⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² maː¹³/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ be⁵²/

/tä⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² maː¹³/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ be⁵²/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Dama (a town in Yanling, Xuchang, Henan, China, formerly a township)


喬治敦

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tu̯ən⁵⁵/


安陽

→ English: Anyang, An-yang

/ˀän⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/on²⁴ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/an³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ¹³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ iaŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/on²⁴ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/an³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ¹³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ iaŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Anyang (a town in Yunyang district, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


淮河

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/waːi̯²¹ hɔː²¹/

/huai²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/waːi̯²¹ hɔː²¹/

/huai²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/

(～鎮) Huaihe (a town in Sui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)


黃花

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ho⁴⁴/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ho⁴⁴/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Huanghua (a town in Yiling district, Yichang, Hubei, China, formerly a township)


雁蕩

/jɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑŋ⁵¹/

/jɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑŋ⁵¹/

(～鎮) Yandang (a town in Yueqing, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


前衛

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ wɐi̯²²/

/t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² ue²²/

/t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ ue³³/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ ue³³/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² ue⁴¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² ue²²/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ ui³³/

/t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ ui³³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ wɐi̯²²/

/t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² ue²²/

/t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ ue³³/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ ue³³/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² ue⁴¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² ue²²/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ ui³³/

/t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ ui³³/

(～鎮) Qianwei (a town in Lantian, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China)


能登

/nɤŋ³⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

/nɐŋ²¹ tɐŋ⁵⁵/

/nɤŋ³⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

/nɐŋ²¹ tɐŋ⁵⁵/

Noto (a town in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


馬鞍

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/ma²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ uã⁴⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uã⁴⁴/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ uã³³/

/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uã⁴⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/ma²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ uã⁴⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uã⁴⁴/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ uã³³/

/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uã⁴⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

(～鎮) (historical) Ma'an (a town in Yunxi, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


高村

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Gaocun (a town in Wuqing district, Tianjin, China)


神山

/ʂən³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ʂən³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Shenshan (a town in Chibi, Xianning, Hubei, China)


大江

English: Ta

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ai³² kɔŋ³³/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ koŋ²⁴/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ai³² kɔŋ³³/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ koŋ²⁴/

(～鎮) Dajiang (a town in Taishan, Jiangmen, Guangdong)

(～鎮) Dajiang (a town in Xinxing, Yunfu, Guangdong)


北山

→ English: Beishan

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Beishan (a town in Qingtian, Lishui, Zhejiang, China)

(～鎮) Beishan (a town in Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Beishan (a town in Longhui, Shaoyang, Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Beishan (a town in Yizhou district, Hechi, Guizhou, China)


公館

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kuːn³⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁵³/

/kɔŋ³³ kuan⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kuːn³⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁵³/

/kɔŋ³³ kuan⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴¹/

(～鎮) Gongguan (a town in Hepu, Beihai, Guangxi, China)

(～鎮) Gongguan (a town in Maonan district, Maoming, Guangdong, China)


富岡

/fu⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fu⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 富岡 (Tomioka).

obor

(～町) Tomioka (a town in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan)


板橋

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pæ̃⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiɔː²⁴/

/paːn³⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kio²⁴/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kio¹³/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kio²⁴/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɤ²³/

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pæ̃⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiɔː²⁴/

/paːn³⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kio²⁴/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kio¹³/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kio²⁴/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɤ²³/

(～鎮) Banqiao Town (name of various towns in China)

(～鎮) Banqiao (a town in Nanzhang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Banqiao (a town in Enshi, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


黃梅

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ meɪ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ muːi̯²¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ meɪ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ muːi̯²¹/

(～鎮) Huangmei (a town in Huangmei, Huanggang, Hubei, China)


大空

/tä⁵¹ kʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² hʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ kʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² hʊŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大空(おおぞら) (Ōzora).

(～町) Ōzora (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


海永

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Haiyong (a town and former township in Haimen district, Nantong in Jiangsu, China; a pene-exclave of Haimen, Jiangsu, originally on the separate island of Yonglongsha but now merged with the northern shore of Chongming Island)


海門

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ muːn²¹/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/hai⁵²⁻³⁵ muŋ⁵⁵/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ muːn²¹/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/hai⁵²⁻³⁵ muŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Haimen (a town in Chaoyang district, Shantou, Guangdong, China)


三沙

→ English: Sansha

/sän⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Sansha (a town in Xiapu, Ningde, Fujian, China)


南平

/nän³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾miŋ⁵³/

/naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ piŋ¹³/

/naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ piŋ²⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ piɪŋ²⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

/nän³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾miŋ⁵³/

/naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ piŋ¹³/

/naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ piŋ²⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ piɪŋ²⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

(～鎮) Nanping (a town in Gong'an, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


黃石

→ English: Huangshi, Hwangshih

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ sɛːk̚²/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nuoʔ⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))ŋieu¹³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))ŋieu²⁴/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sioʔ⁴/

/ŋ̍³³ t͡sioʔ²⁴/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sioʔ¹²¹/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sioʔ⁴/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/ɦuɑ̃²² zaʔ⁴⁴/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ sɛːk̚²/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nuoʔ⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))ŋieu¹³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))ŋieu²⁴/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sioʔ⁴/

/ŋ̍³³ t͡sioʔ²⁴/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sioʔ¹²¹/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sioʔ⁴/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/ɦuɑ̃²² zaʔ⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Huangshi (a town in Licheng district, Putian, Fujian, China)


南沙

→ English: Nansha

/nän³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/nän³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Nansha (a town in Yuanyang, Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China)


沙州

/ʂä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

A provincial name derived from its position within the Gobi Desert.

(～鎮) Shazhou (a town in Dunhuang, Jiuquan, Gansu, China)


梅林

/muːi̯²¹ lɐm²¹/

/muːi̯²¹ lɐm²¹/

(～鎮) Meilin (a town in Ningguo, Xuancheng, Anhui, China)

(～鎮) Meilin (a town in Nanjing, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Meilin (a town in Ganxian district, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)

(～鎮) Meilin (a town in Fengcheng, Yichun, Jiangxi, China)

(～鎮) Meilin (a town in Wuhua, Meizhou, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Meilin (a town in Puning, Jieyang, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Meilin (a town in Mabian, Leshan, Sichuan, China)


龍州

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

(～鎮) a town in Longzhou County, Guangxi autonomous region, China


興隆

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/

/heŋ³³⁻²³ loŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ loŋ²¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/

/heŋ³³⁻²³ loŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ loŋ²¹/

(～鎮) Xinglong (a town in Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Xinglong (a town in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)


浮屠

/fɐu̯²¹ tʰou̯²¹/

/fɐu̯²¹ tʰou̯²¹/

An early loanword into Middle Chinese. Possible sources include Bactrian Βοδδο (“the Buddha”) or Middle-Indic, cf. Gandhari 𐨦𐨂𐨢𐨂 (budhu) (Ji, 1998v7). For the conflation of words for Buddhist stupas and for the Buddha, see also English pagoda.

(～鎮) Futu (a town in Yangxin, Huangshi, Hubei, China)


木魚

/mu⁵¹ yə̯ɻ³⁵/

/mʊk̚² jyː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ᵐbɵk̚³² ᵑɡui²²/

/muk̚² ŋ̍¹¹/

/bɔk̚⁵⁻² hi²⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² hi²³/

/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hi¹³/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² hi²⁴/

/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² hɯ²⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² hu²⁴/

/moʔ¹¹ ɦy²³/

/mu⁵¹ yə̯ɻ³⁵/

/mʊk̚² jyː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ᵐbɵk̚³² ᵑɡui²²/

/muk̚² ŋ̍¹¹/

/bɔk̚⁵⁻² hi²⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² hi²³/

/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hi¹³/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² hi²⁴/

/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² hɯ²⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² hu²⁴/

/moʔ¹¹ ɦy²³/

(～鎮) Muyu (a town in Shennongjia, Hubei, China)


郎君

/lɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/lɔːŋ²¹ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kun³³/

/lɔŋ¹³⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kun⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²³⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/lɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/lɔːŋ²¹ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kun³³/

/lɔŋ¹³⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kun⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²³⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Langjun (a town in Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


青龍

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (青龍):
* → Japanese: 青(せい)竜(りゅう) (seiryū)
* → Korean: 청룡(青龍) (cheongnyong)
* → Vietnamese: Thanh Long (青龍)

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ lœŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ lyøŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ lœŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ lyøŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

(～鎮) Qinglong (a town in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)


燕窩

/jɛn⁵¹ wɔ⁵⁵/

/jɛn⁵¹ wɔɻ⁵⁵/

/jiːn³³ wɔː⁵⁵/

/ˈiɛn³⁵ uo⁴²/

/iɛn²¹⁻⁵³ o⁴⁴/

/iɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ o⁴⁴/

/iɛn²¹⁻⁴² o⁴⁴/

/iɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ o³³/

/iɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ ɤ⁴⁴/

/ĩ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ o³³/

/jɛn⁵¹ wɔ⁵⁵/

/jɛn⁵¹ wɔɻ⁵⁵/

/jiːn³³ wɔː⁵⁵/

/ˈiɛn³⁵ uo⁴²/

/iɛn²¹⁻⁵³ o⁴⁴/

/iɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ o⁴⁴/

/iɛn²¹⁻⁴² o⁴⁴/

/iɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ o³³/

/iɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ ɤ⁴⁴/

/ĩ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ o³³/

(～鎮) Yanwo (a town in Honghu, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


石柱

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂuɻʷ⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂuɻʷ⁵¹/

(～鎮) Shizhu (a town in Yongkang, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)


長洲

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～町) Nagasu (a town in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


碣石

→ English: Jieshi, Kitchioh

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

(～鎮) Jieshi (a town in Shanwei, Guangdong, China)


石鼓

→ English: Shigu

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² kuː³⁵/

/səʔ⁵⁴⁻² ku⁵³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kɔ⁵³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kɔ⁵³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kɔ⁴¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² kuː³⁵/

/səʔ⁵⁴⁻² ku⁵³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kɔ⁵³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kɔ⁵³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kɔ⁴¹/

(～鎮) Shigu (a town in Yongchung, Quanzhou, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Shigu (a town in Gaozhou, Maoming, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Shigu (a town in Danjiangkou, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Shigu (a town in Xiangtan, Xiangtan, Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Shigu (a town in Weibin district, Baoji, Shaanxi, China)

(～鎮) Shigu (a town in Yulong, Lijiang, Yunnan, China)


汾河

/fən³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/fɐn²¹ hɔː²¹/

/fən³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/fɐn²¹ hɔː²¹/

(～鎮) Fenhe (a town in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)


冷水

/lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laːŋ¹³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/laŋ²¹³⁻²⁴ sui²¹³/

/laŋ⁵³ ʃui²⁴/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

/liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

/liɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sui⁴¹/

/lã²² sz̩⁴⁴/

/lã²² sz̩ʷ³³/

/lən⁴¹ ɕy̯e̞i̯⁴¹/

/le̞n³³ ɕy³³/

/lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laːŋ¹³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/laŋ²¹³⁻²⁴ sui²¹³/

/laŋ⁵³ ʃui²⁴/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

/liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

/liɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sui⁴¹/

/lã²² sz̩⁴⁴/

/lã²² sz̩ʷ³³/

/lən⁴¹ ɕy̯e̞i̯⁴¹/

/le̞n³³ ɕy³³/

(～鎮) Lengshui (a town in Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Lengshui (a town in Ningyuan, Yongzhou, Hunan, China)


疏勒

/sɔː⁵⁵ lɐk̚²/

/sɔː⁵⁵ lɐk̚²/

(～鎮) Shule, Yengixahar (a town in Shule, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


陽關

/jɑŋ³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

/jɑŋ³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Yangguan (a town in Dunhuang, Jiuquan, Gansu, China)


龍泉

/lʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn²¹/

/lʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn²¹/

(～鎮) Longquan (a town in Yiling district, Yichang, Hubei, China)


咸宜

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ i³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ i³⁵/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Xianyi (a town in Chengkou, Chongqing, China, formerly a township)


虎門

/xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

(～鎮) Humen Town (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong)


策勒

→ English: Cele, Ts'e-le, Ts'e-lo

/t͡sʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaːk̚³ lɐk̚²/

/t͡sʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaːk̚³ lɐk̚²/

(～鎮) Qira, Cele (a town in Qira, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


策勒

/t͡sʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaːk̚³ lɐk̚²/

/t͡sʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaːk̚³ lɐk̚²/

Celle (a town in Celle district, Lower Saxony, Germany)


萬全

/wän⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/wän⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

(～鎮) Wanquan (a town in Honghu, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


拉布拉多

ㄌㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄨㄛ

ㄌㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄨㄛ

/lä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ pou̯³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/

/lä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ pou̯³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/

Labrador (a municipality and town in Pangasinan, Philippines)


龍鳳

/lʊŋ³⁵ fɤŋ⁵¹/

/lʊŋ²¹ fʊŋ²²/

/li̯uŋ¹¹ fuŋ⁵⁵/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²²/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴¹/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔŋ²²/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ³³/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔŋ³³/

/lʊŋ³⁵ fɤŋ⁵¹/

/lʊŋ²¹ fʊŋ²²/

/li̯uŋ¹¹ fuŋ⁵⁵/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²²/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴¹/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔŋ²²/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ³³/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔŋ³³/

(～鎮) Longfeng (a town in Enshi, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


齋堂

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡saːi̯⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡se³³⁻²³ tɯŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡saːi̯⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡se³³⁻²³ tɯŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Zhaitang (a town in Mentougou district, Beijing, China)


松口

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰiʊŋ¹¹ kʰeu³¹/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰiʊŋ¹¹ kʰeu³¹/

For pronunciation and definitions of 松口 – see 鬆口 (“to relax one's bite; to loosen up; to stop insisting”).
(This term is the simplified form of 鬆口).
 Notes:
Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.
Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

zh-see

(～鎮) Songkou (a town in Meixian district, Meizhou, Guangdong, China)


新地

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 新(しん)地(ち) (Shinchi).

(～町) Shinchi (a town in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan)


平潭

/pʰiŋ³⁵ tʰän³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ tʰaːm²¹/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰam²⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰam²⁴/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² tʰam¹³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰam²⁴/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ tʰam²³/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ tʰän³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ tʰaːm²¹/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰam²⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰam²⁴/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² tʰam¹³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰam²⁴/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ tʰam²³/

(～鎮) Pingtan (a town in Huiyang district, Huizhou, Guangdong, China)


珠璣

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Zhuji (a town in Nanxiong, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China)


朝陽

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰɛu²⁴ iɔŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰau¹¹ iɒ̃¹¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰɛu²⁴ iɔŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰau¹¹ iɒ̃¹¹/

(～鎮) Chaoyang (a town in Wuxi, Chongqing, China)


大理

/tä⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tai²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵²/

/tä⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tai²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵²/

(～鎮, ～古城) Dali (a town in Dali City, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China, also known as Dali Old Town)


中和

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ wɔː²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ho²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ hɔ²⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ wɔː²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ho²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ hɔ²⁴/

(～鎮) Zhonghe (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Zhonghe (a town in Ningyuan, Yongzhou, Hunan, China)


鶴山

/xɤ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hɔːk̚² saːn⁵⁵/

/xɤ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hɔːk̚² saːn⁵⁵/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Heshan (a town and former township in Ningyang, Tai'an, Shandong, China)


新寧

/ɕin⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

(～鎮) Xinning Town (a town in Fusui, Guangxi autonomous region)


文集

/wən³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ t͡saːp̚²⁻³⁵/

/bun²⁴⁻²² t͡sip̚²⁴/

/bun¹³⁻²² t͡sip̚¹²¹/

/wən³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ t͡saːp̚²⁻³⁵/

/bun²⁴⁻²² t͡sip̚²⁴/

/bun¹³⁻²² t͡sip̚¹²¹/

(～鎮) Wenji (a town in Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


東興

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Dongxing (a town in Dongxing, Fangchenggang, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Dongxing (a town in Jingjiang, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China)


金牛

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡu²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡu¹³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡu²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡu²³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡu²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡu¹³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡu²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡu²³/

(～鎮) Jinniu (a town in Qing, Hebei, China)


石壁

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pi⁵¹/

/sɛːk̚² pɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ piaʔ³²/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ piaʔ³²/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pi⁵¹/

/sɛːk̚² pɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ piaʔ³²/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ piaʔ³²/

(～鎮) Shibi (a town in Ninghua, Sanming, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Shibi (a town in Qionghai, Hainan, China)


雷公

/leɪ̯³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lɵy̯²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lui²² kɵŋ³³/

/lui⁴² kʊŋ³³/

/luɪ¹¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

/so³³ kɔŋ⁵⁴/

/l̃ai⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uŋ⁵⁵/

/lui¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵³³/

/lui²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/lui²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/lui¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui⁵⁵⁻¹¹ koŋ³³/

/leɪ̯³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lɵy̯²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lui²² kɵŋ³³/

/lui⁴² kʊŋ³³/

/luɪ¹¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

/so³³ kɔŋ⁵⁴/

/l̃ai⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uŋ⁵⁵/

/lui¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵³³/

/lui²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/lui²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/lui¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui⁵⁵⁻¹¹ koŋ³³/

(～鎮) Leigong (a town in Anlu, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


河底

/xɤ³⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː²¹ tɐi̯³⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻²² te⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻²² tue⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻²² te⁵⁵⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² tue⁵⁵⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² te⁵³/

/ho¹³⁻²² tue⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ te⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ tue⁵³/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ te⁴¹/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ tue⁴¹/

/xɤ³⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː²¹ tɐi̯³⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻²² te⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻²² tue⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻²² te⁵⁵⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² tue⁵⁵⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² te⁵³/

/ho¹³⁻²² tue⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ te⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ tue⁵³/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ te⁴¹/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ tue⁴¹/

(～鎮) Hedi (a town in Luoning, Luoyang, Henan, China)


茅臺

→ English: Moutai, Maotai

→ Russian: маотай (maotaj)

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/maːu̯²¹ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/mãu²⁴⁻²² tai²⁴/

/mãu¹³⁻²² tai¹³/

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/maːu̯²¹ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/mãu²⁴⁻²² tai²⁴/

/mãu¹³⁻²² tai¹³/

(～鎮) Maotai Town (a town in Renhuai, Guizhou, China)


松柏

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ pʰaːk̚³/

/ɬœŋ¹³⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾ma¹¹/

/ɬyøŋ²⁴⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾ma²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² peʔ⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ peʔ³²/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ²³⁻³³ peʔ³²/

/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ peʔ²/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ pʰaːk̚³/

/ɬœŋ¹³⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾ma¹¹/

/ɬyøŋ²⁴⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾ma²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² peʔ⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ peʔ³²/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ²³⁻³³ peʔ³²/

/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ peʔ²/

(～鎮) Songbai (a town in Shennongjia, Hubei, China)


人和

/ʐən³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/jɐn²¹ wɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ʐən³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/jɐn²¹ wɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

(～鎮) Renhe (a town in Baiyun district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)


康樂

/kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/hɔːŋ⁵⁵ lɔːk̚²/

/kʰoŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lok̚⁵/

/kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚⁴/

/kʰɔŋ³³ lɔk̚²⁴/

/kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚¹²¹/

/kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔk̚⁴/

/kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔk̚⁴/

/kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/hɔːŋ⁵⁵ lɔːk̚²/

/kʰoŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lok̚⁵/

/kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚⁴/

/kʰɔŋ³³ lɔk̚²⁴/

/kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚¹²¹/

/kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔk̚⁴/

/kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔk̚⁴/

(～鎮) Kangle (a town in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)


城隍

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (城隍):
* → Korean: 성황(城隍) (seonghwang)
* → Vietnamese: thành hoàng (城隍)

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/saŋ¹¹ voŋ¹¹/

/siɪŋ¹³⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/siã¹³⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/

/siã²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/sĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ŋ⁵⁵/

/sĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hŋ⁵⁵/

/zən²² ɦuɑ̃⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/saŋ¹¹ voŋ¹¹/

/siɪŋ¹³⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/siã¹³⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/

/siã²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/sĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ŋ⁵⁵/

/sĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hŋ⁵⁵/

/zən²² ɦuɑ̃⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Chenghuang (a town in Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


閘口

/ʈ͡ʂä³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡saːp̚² hɐu̯³⁵/

/t͡saʔ⁴⁻² kʰau⁵²/

/zaʔ¹¹ kʰɤ²³/

/ʈ͡ʂä³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡saːp̚² hɐu̯³⁵/

/t͡saʔ⁴⁻² kʰau⁵²/

/zaʔ¹¹ kʰɤ²³/

(～鎮) Zhakou (a town in Gong'an, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


湯池

/tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/tʰouŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nie⁵³/

/tʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/tʰŋ̍³³ ti²⁴/

/tʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² ti¹³/

/tʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ ti²⁴/

/tʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ ti²³/

/tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/tʰouŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nie⁵³/

/tʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/tʰŋ̍³³ ti²⁴/

/tʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² ti¹³/

/tʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ ti²⁴/

/tʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ ti²³/

(～鎮) Tangchi (a town in Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


南河

/nän³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ hɔː²¹/

/nän³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ hɔː²¹/

(～鎮) Nanhe (a town in Gucheng, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Nanhe (a town in Yingshan, Huanggang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Nanhe (a town in Xiangshui, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China, formerly a township)


白鶴

/paɪ̯³⁵ xɤ⁵¹/

/paːk̚² hɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hoʔ²⁴/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hoʔ¹²¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɤʔ⁴/

/paɪ̯³⁵ xɤ⁵¹/

/paːk̚² hɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hoʔ²⁴/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hoʔ¹²¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɤʔ⁴/

(～鎮) Baihe (a town in Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


楓丹白露

ㄈㄥ ㄉㄢ ㄅㄞˊ ㄌㄨˋ

ㄈㄥ ㄉㄢ ㄅㄞˊ ㄌㄨˋ

Фэнданьбайлу

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵ paɪ̯³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ taːn⁵⁵ paːk̚² lou̯²²/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵ paɪ̯³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ taːn⁵⁵ paːk̚² lou̯²²/

Phono-semantic matching of French Fontainebleau.

psm

Fontainebleau (a town in the metropolitan area of Paris, in Seine-et-Marne department, Île-de-France, France)


樂業

/lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/

/lɔːk̚² jiːp̚²/

/ŋaːu̯²² jiːp̚²/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ɡiap̚⁴/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² ɡiap̚²⁴/

/lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡiap̚¹²¹/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ɡiap̚⁴/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ɡiap̚⁴/

/lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/

/lɔːk̚² jiːp̚²/

/ŋaːu̯²² jiːp̚²/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ɡiap̚⁴/

/lɔk̚²⁴⁻² ɡiap̚²⁴/

/lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡiap̚¹²¹/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ɡiap̚⁴/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² ɡiap̚⁴/

(～鎮) Leye (a town in Songbei district, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)


解州

/ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/xaɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/xaɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Xiezhou, Haizhou (a town in Yanhu district, Yuncheng, Shanxi, China)


上饒

→ English: Shang-jao, Shangrao

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʐɑʊ̯³⁵/

/sœːŋ²² jiːu̯²¹/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʐɑʊ̯³⁵/

/sœːŋ²² jiːu̯²¹/

(～鎮) Shangrao (a town in Raoping, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China)


黃岡

desc

→ English: Huanggang, Huang-kang, Hwangkang

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɦuɑ̃²² kɑ̃⁴⁴/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɦuɑ̃²² kɑ̃⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Huanggang (a town in Raoping, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China)


黃龍

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ lʊŋ²¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ lʊŋ²¹/

(～鎮) Huanglong (a town in Xiangzhou district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Huanglong (a town in Zhangwan district, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


長灘

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tʰän⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tʰän⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Changtan (a town in Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


愛麗斯泉

ㄞˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙ ㄑㄩㄢˊ

ㄞˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙ ㄑㄩㄢˊ

Айлисы Цюань

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

Northern Territory
Northern Territory#English

(Hong Kong, Taiwan) Alice Springs (a town in the Northern Territory, Australia)


連江

→ English: Lianjiang, Lienchiang, Lien-chiang, Lienkiang, Lienkong

/li̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/liːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋouŋ⁵⁵/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/liːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋouŋ⁵⁵/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Lianjiang (a town in Dingyuan, Chuzhou, Anhui, China)


那曲

/nä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/naː¹³ kʰʊk̚⁵/

/nä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/naː¹³ kʰʊk̚⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan ནག་ཆུ (nag chu, “black river”).

(～鎮) Nagqu (a town in Seni district, Nagqu, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


法蘭克福

ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄈㄨˊ

ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄈㄨˊ

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ fu³⁵/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ fu³⁵/

Frankfurt, Frankfurt-an-der-Oder (a sizable town in Brandenburg, in eastern Germany)


里爾

/li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Rhyl (a seaside resort town and community in Denbighshire, Wales)


伯恩茅斯

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀən⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀən⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/


伯恩利

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀən⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀən⁵⁵ li⁵¹/


米德爾斯堡

ㄇㄧˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄦˇ ㄙ ㄅㄠˇ

ㄇㄧˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄦˇ ㄙ ㄅㄠˇ

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐi̯¹³ tɐk̚⁵ jiː¹³ siː⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ tɐk̚⁵ jiː¹³ siː⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵/


西布羅米奇

ㄒㄧ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄧˇ ㄑㄧˊ

ㄒㄧ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄧˇ ㄑㄧˊ

/ɕi⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ pou̯³³ lɔː²¹ mɐi̯¹³ kʰei̯²¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ pou̯³³ lɔː²¹ mɐi̯¹³ kʰei̯²¹/


西布羅姆維奇

ㄒㄧ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄨˇ ㄨㄟˊ ㄑㄧˊ

ㄒㄧ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄨˇ ㄨㄟˊ ㄑㄧˊ

Сибуломувэйци

/ɕi⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ pou̯³³ lɔː²¹ mou̯¹³ wɐi̯²¹ kʰei̯²¹/


紐卡素

ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄎㄚˇ ㄙㄨˋ

ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄎㄚˇ ㄙㄨˋ

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ su⁵¹/

/nɐu̯¹³ kʰaː⁵⁵ sou̯³³/

/nɐu̯³⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ sou̯³³/

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ su⁵¹/

/nɐu̯¹³ kʰaː⁵⁵ sou̯³³/

/nɐu̯³⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ sou̯³³/

Newcastle (a large market town in Staffordshire, England)


阿馬

/ˀä⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ maː¹³/

/ˀä⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ maː¹³/


玉山

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² san⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚²⁴⁻² san³³/

/ɡiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ san⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² san⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² san⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² san⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚²⁴⁻² san³³/

/ɡiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ san⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² san⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² san⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Yushan (a town in Lantian, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China)


紐卡斯爾

ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄎㄚˇ ㄙ ㄦˇ

ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄎㄚˇ ㄙ ㄦˇ

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɐu̯¹³ kʰaː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/nɐu̯¹³ kʰaː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ jiː¹³/


高陽

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

(～鎮) Gaoyang (a town in Shayang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


馬山

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Mashan (a town in Jingzhou district, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


廟街

/mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

Calque of Manchu ᠮᡳᡟᠣᠣ
ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ (miyoo gašan), literally “temple village”.

calque

廟街事件／庙街事件

Nikolayevsk-on-Amur (a town in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, on the Amur River)

尼古拉耶夫斯克

Nígǔlāyēfūsīkè


香格里拉

ㄒㄧㄤ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄚ

ㄒㄧㄤ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄚ

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ kaːk̚³ lei̯¹³ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ kaːk̚³ lei̯¹³ laːi̯⁵⁵/

Borrowed from English Shangri-La; compare 香巴拉 (Xiāngbālā, “Shambala”).

(～鎮) Xianggelila (a town in Daocheng, Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


長龍

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ lʊŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ lʊŋ²¹/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Changlong (a town in Lianjiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, formerly a township)


回車

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤɻ⁵⁵/

/wuːi̯²¹ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤɻ⁵⁵/

/wuːi̯²¹ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Huiche (a town in Xixia, Henan, China)


羅布泊

ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄅㄛˊ

ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄆㄛˋ

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pu⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pu⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/lɔː²¹ pou̯³³ pɔːk̚²/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pu⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pu⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/lɔː²¹ pou̯³³ pɔːk̚²/

Partial calque of Written Oirat ᠯᠣ᠊ᠫ
ᠨᡇᡇᠷ (Lob nuur), from ᠯᠣ᠊ᠫ (Lob) + ᠨᡇᡇᠷ (nuur, “lake”), where the former is itself of unknown origin from older times.
A detailed discussion on the etymology of this word can be found in Notes on Marco Polo, by French Sinologist Paul Pelliot. Compare English Lop Nur.

partial calque

(～鎮) Luobupo (a town in Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


外南夢

/waɪ̯⁵¹ nän³⁵ mɤŋ⁵¹/

/waɪ̯⁵¹ nän³⁵ mɤŋ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Malay Blambangan, the city's former name.

Banyuwangi (a town, the administrative capital of Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia)


居鑾

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ lu̯än³⁵/

/kɵy̯⁵⁵ lyːn²¹/

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ lu̯än³⁵/

/kɵy̯⁵⁵ lyːn²¹/

Kluang (a town in Kluang district, Johor, Malaysia)


豐盛港

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²² kɔːŋ³⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²² kɔːŋ³⁵/

Changed from the former name 茂盛港 (“Mersing”), which is a phono-semantic matching of Malay Mersing (using 茂盛) + 港 (“port”).


寶清

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

Took its name from the Baoqing River to the south of the town, which was a loanword from Mongolian ᠪᠡᠴᠢᠨ (bečin, “monkey”) or Manchu ᠪᠣᠴᡳᡥᡝ (bocihe, “ugly”).

(～鎮) Baoqing Town (a town in Baoqing County, Heilongjiang, China)


集賢

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

(～鎮) Jixian Town (a town in Shaanxi, China)


江孜

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan རྒྱལ་རྩེ (rgyal rtse).

(～鎮) Gyantse (a town in Gyantse County, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


豐沙里

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Borrowed from Lao ຜົ້ງສາລີ (phong sā lī).

Phongsali (a town, the capital of Phongsali province, Laos)


春蓬

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ pʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ pʰɤŋ³⁵/


洛浦

→ English: Lo-p'u, Luopu

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Lop, Luopu (a town in Lop, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


畹町

/wän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn³⁵ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

/wän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn³⁵ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tai Nüa ᥝᥢᥰ ᥖᥥᥒ (wän teng, “the sun shining overhead”).

bor

(～鎮) Wanding (a town in Ruili, Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


雷丁

/leɪ̯³⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/leɪ̯³⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/


樅陽

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

(～鎮) Zongyang (a town in Zongyang, Tongling, Anhui, China)


東涌

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Dongchong (a town in Nansha district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Dongchong (a town in Chengqu district, Shanwei, Guangdong, China)


沙田

→ English: Sha Tin

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰan²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰan¹³/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰan²³/

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰan²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰan¹³/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰan²³/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn²⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn¹³/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²³/

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn²⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn¹³/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²³/

(～鎮) Shatian Town (various towns in China)

(～鎮) Shatian (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


杏林

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ lin³⁵/

/hɐŋ²² lɐm²¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ lin³⁵/

/hɐŋ²² lɐm²¹/

From the story of the famed physician Dong Feng [3ʳᵈ c. CE], who refused to accept payments from his patients, and instead asked patients successfully cured of ailments to plant apricot trees. A forest of apricot trees came to surround his home as a testament to his skill.

defdate

3ʳᵈ c. <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>

(～鎮) Xinglin (a town in Fufeng, Baoji, Shaanxi, China)


太和

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ wɔː²¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ wɔː²¹/

(～鎮) Taihe Town (one of several towns in China)

(～鎮) Taihe (a town in Liangzihu district, Ezhou, Hubei, China)


臥龍

/wɔ⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/wɔ⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Wolong (a town in Xiangcheng district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


華西

/xu̯ä³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/waː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/hua²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻²² se³³/

/hua¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻¹¹ se⁴⁴/

/hua²³⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/xu̯ä³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/waː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/hua²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻²² se³³/

/hua¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻¹¹ se⁴⁴/

/hua²³⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/xu̯ä⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Huaxi (a town in Huayin, Weinan, Shaanxi, China)


白馬

/paɪ̯³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² be⁵⁵⁴/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ bɛ⁵³/

/paɪ̯³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² be⁵⁵⁴/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ bɛ⁵³/

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Lishui district, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Gaogang district, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Pujiang, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Dancheng, Zhoukou, Henan, China)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Lianyuan, Loudi, Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Beiliu, Yulin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Wulong district, Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Miyi, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Anju district, Suining, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Shizhong district, Neijiang, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Shizhong district, Leshan, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Dongpo district, Meishan, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Baima (a town in Xuanhan, Dazhou, Sichuan, China, formerly a township)


平海

/pʰiŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Pinghai (a town in Huidong, Huizhou, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Pinghai (a town in Xiuyu district, Putian, Fujian, China)


赤壁

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (赤壁):
* → Japanese: 赤壁(せきへき) (Sekiheki)
* → Korean: 적벽(赤壁) (Jeokbyeok)
* → Vietnamese: Xích Bích (赤壁)

→ English: Ch'ih-pi, Chibi

desc

→ Thai: เซ็กเพ็ก

→ Thai: เซ็กเพ็ก

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ pɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiʔ²¹⁻⁴² piʔ²¹/

/t͡sʰiʔ²⁻⁴ piʔ²/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ piaʔ³²/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ piaʔ³²/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ piaʔ³²/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ piaʔ³²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ pɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiʔ²¹⁻⁴² piʔ²¹/

/t͡sʰiʔ²⁻⁴ piʔ²/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ piaʔ³²/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ piaʔ³²/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ piaʔ³²/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ piaʔ³²/

(～鎮) Chibi (a town in Chibi, Xianning, Hubei, China)


瑪納斯

Borrowed from Manchu ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠰ (manas), from Written Oirat ᡏᠠᠨᠠᠰ (manas, “patroller”); compare Mongolian ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠬᠤ (manaqu), ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ (manag-a, “patrol”).

der

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ naːp̚² siː⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ naːp̚² siː⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Manas (a town, the county town of Manas, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


亞倫

/jä⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/aː³³ lɵn²¹/

/jä⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/aː³³ lɵn²¹/

Yaren (a district, the largest town and de facto capital of Nauru)


安江

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Anjiang (a town in Hongjiang, Huaihua, Hunan, China)


永福

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu³⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ fʊk̚⁵/

/yŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾nɒʔ²¹/

/yŋ³³²⁻²⁴ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾nɒʔ²/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu³⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ fʊk̚⁵/

/yŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾nɒʔ²¹/

/yŋ³³²⁻²⁴ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾nɒʔ²/

(～鎮) Yongfu (a town, the county town of Yongfu, Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Yongfu (a town in Zhangping, Longyan, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Yongfu (a town in Muchuan, Leshan, Sichuan, China)


高嶺

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

For the fourth sense, borrowed from Malay Kodiang, from Thai เขาแดง (kǎo-dɛɛng, literally “Red Mount”).

(～市) Kodiang (a town in Kubang Pasu district, Kedah, Malaysia)


哈利法克斯

ㄏㄚ ㄌㄧˋ ㄈㄚˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙ

ㄏㄚ ㄌㄧˋ ㄈㄚˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙ

/xä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/xä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

Halifax (an industrial town in West Yorkshire, England, 20km south-west of Leeds)


朗賽斯頓

ㄌㄤˇ ㄙㄞˋ ㄙ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

ㄌㄤˇ ㄙㄞˋ ㄙ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

Лансайсыдунь

/lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

Launceston (a town and civil parish with a town council in eastern Cornwall, England (OS grid ref SX3384))


里士滿

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ män²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ män²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Richmond upon Thames
Richmond upon Thames#English

Richmond (a town in south-west Greater London; in full, Richmond upon Thames)

Richmond (a town and locality in the Shire of Richmond, Queensland)

Shire of Richmond
Shire of Richmond#English

Other placenames:
Richmond (a town in Tasmania)

Richmond (a town in the region of Estrie, Quebec)

Richmond (a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, previously in Richmondshire district)

Richmond (a town, the seat of Tasman district, in the north of the South Island, New Zealand)

Richmond (a town and census-designated place in Sagadahoc County, Maine)

census-designated place
census-designated place

Sagadahoc County
Sagadahoc County#English

Richmond (a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts)

Berkshire County
Berkshire County#English

Richmond (a town in Cheshire County, New Hampshire)

Richmond (a town in Washington County, Rhode Island)

Washington County
Washington County#English

Richmond (a town in Chittenden County, Vermont)

Chittenden County
Chittenden County#English


北廣島

ㄅㄟˇ ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄉㄠˇ

ㄅㄟˇ ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄉㄠˇ

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 北(きた)広(ひろ)島(しま) (Kitahiroshima).

(～町) Kitahiroshima (a town in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


三鄉

/sän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Sanxiang (a town in Zhongshan, Guangdong, China)


加茂

→ English: Jiamao

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ mɐu̯²²/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ mɐu̯²²/

(～鎮) Jiamao (a town in Baoting, Hainan, China)


新城

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/

(～鎮) Xincheng (a town in Jiayuguan, Gansu, China)


龜山

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ku̯i²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ku̯i²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 亀山 (Kameyama).

obor

(～鎮) Guishan (a town in Macheng, Huanggang, Hubei, China)


日南

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 日(にち)南(なん) (Nichinan).

/ʐ̩⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ nän³⁵/

(～町) Nichinan (a town in Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


棠棣

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹/

(～鎮) Tangdi (a town in Anlu, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


華胥

/xu̯ä³⁵ ɕy⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä³⁵ ɕy⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Huaxu (a town in Lantian, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China)


塔拉

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/


沙河

/saː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/saː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/saː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

(～鄉) Shahe (a town in Yunmeng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～鄉) Shahe (a town in Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


華容

/xu̯ä³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/waː²¹ jʊŋ²¹/

/hua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ioŋ⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/waː²¹ jʊŋ²¹/

/hua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ioŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Huarong (a town in Huarong district, Ezhou, Hubei, China)


尼布楚

/ni³⁵ pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯²¹ pou̯³³ t͡sʰɔː³⁵/

/ni³⁵ pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯²¹ pou̯³³ t͡sʰɔː³⁵/

Transliteration of Manchu ᠨᡳᠪᠴᡠ (nibcu), variant of ᠨᡳᠪᠴᠣᠣ (nibcoo). From a local Mongolic or Tungusic language. Compare also Khamnigan Mongol [Term?], Buryat Нэршүү (Neršüü), Mongolian Нэрчүү (Nerčüü); Russian Не́рча f inan (Nérča).

Nerchinsky District
Nerchinsky District#English

Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai#English

Nerchinsk (a town, the administrative center of the Nerchinsky District, Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia)


城關

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

/ɬiŋ¹³⁻¹¹ kuaŋ⁵³³/

/ɬiŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/siã¹³⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/

/siã²⁴⁻²² kuan³³/

/siã²⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

/ɬiŋ¹³⁻¹¹ kuaŋ⁵³³/

/ɬiŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/siã¹³⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/

/siã²⁴⁻²² kuan³³/

/siã²⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Karub district, Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Yunyang district, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Yunmeng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Yongchang, Jinchang, Gansu, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Dawu, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Hong'an, Huanggang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Linying, Luohe, Henan, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Nanzhang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Baokang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Gucheng, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Yunxi, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Zhushan, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Zhuxi, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Luoning, Luoyang, Henan, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Huangyuan, Xining, Qinghai, China)

(historical) (～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, former name of Tancheng)


星子

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/ɕiaŋ⁴² t͡sz̩²/

/ɕi̯ɔ̃⁴⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi̯an⁴⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/ɕiaŋ⁴² t͡sz̩²/

/ɕi̯ɔ̃⁴⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi̯an⁴⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

(～鎮) Xingzi (a town in Lianzhou, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Xingzi (a town in Lushan, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China)


新莊

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡soŋ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/sin³³ t͡sŋ̍³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡soŋ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/sin³³ t͡sŋ̍³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Xinzhuang (a town in Yushu, Changchun, Jilin, China)

(～鎮) Xinzhuang (a town in Feixian, Linyi, Shandong, China)

(～鎮) Xinzhuang (a town in Suyu district, Suqian, Jiangsu, China)

(～鎮) Xinzhuang (a town in Xiaoxian, Suzhou, Anhui, China)

(～鎮) Xinzhuang (a town in Yifeng, Yichun, Jiangxi, China)

(～鎮) Xinzhuang (a town in Ningxian, Qingyang, Gansu, China)

(～鎮) Xinzhuang (a town in Datong, Xining, Qinghai, China)

(～鎮) Xinzhuang (a town in Huining, Baiyin, Gansu, China)


尉犁

/wɐt̚⁵ lɐi̯²¹/

/wɐt̚⁵ lɐi̯²¹/

First attested in the Book of Han.
The etymology was discussed in detail in the article On the Place Name Yuli and Rouran (《尉犁地名和柔然源流考》) by Li Shuhui (李树辉).
The name Yuli was postulated to have come from Turkic (J)yrægir (“one who is stationed; one who stays”), the name of a Turkic clan, and derived from yræ- (verb form yryk, “to be stationed in”) + -gir (adjectival suffix).
Both (J)yrægir and yryk were said to be recorded in the ancient dictionary Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk, although the exact Arabic-script forms are unknown, perhaps اُرَكِرْ (Üregir), يُرَكِرْ (Yüregir), the 15th clan of the Oghuz.

lang

《尉犁地名和柔然源流考》

《尉犁地名和柔然源流考》

(～鎮) Yuli (a town in Yuli, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


羊八井

/jɑŋ³⁵ pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jœːŋ²¹ paːt̚³ t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

/jɑŋ³⁵ pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jœːŋ²¹ paːt̚³ t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Yangbajain (a town in Damxung, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


走馬

/t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐu̯³⁵ maː¹³/

/t͡sau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ be⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/

/t͡sau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ be⁴¹/

/t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐu̯³⁵ maː¹³/

/t͡sau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ be⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/

/t͡sau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ be⁴¹/

(～鎮) Zouma (a town in Hefeng, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


巴生

/pä⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/pa⁵³⁻³⁴ saŋ³³/

/pä⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/pa⁵³⁻³⁴ saŋ³³/

Possibly from Malay pasang (“(of tide) to rise”).

(～市) Klang (a town in Selangor, Malaysia)


南詔

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (南詔):
* → Japanese: 南(なん)詔(しょう) (Nanshō)
* → Korean: 남조(南詔) (Namjo)
* → Vietnamese: Nam Chiếu (南詔)

desc

→ Shan: လၢၼ်ႉၸဝ်ႈ (lâ̰an tsāo)

→ Shan: လၢၼ်ႉၸဝ်ႈ (lâ̰an tsāo)

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(～鎮) Nanzhao (a town in Zhao'an, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Nanzhao (a town in Weishan, Dali prefecture, Yunnan, China)


奧克維爾

ㄠˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄨㄟˊ ㄦˇ

ㄠˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄨㄟˊ ㄦˇ

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ou̯³³ hɐk̚⁵ wɐi̯²¹ jiː¹³/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ou̯³³ hɐk̚⁵ wɐi̯²¹ jiː¹³/


伯靈頓

ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ liŋ³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/paːk̚³ lɪŋ²¹ tɵn²²/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ liŋ³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/paːk̚³ lɪŋ²¹ tɵn²²/

Burlington (a town in Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador)

Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador#English

Burlington (a town in Hartford County, Connecticut)

Burlington (a small town in Carroll County, Indiana; named for Burlington, a Wyandot chief)

Burlington (a small town in Penobscot County, Maine)

Penobscot County
Penobscot County#English

Burlington (a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts; said to be named for Bridlington, Yorkshire)

Middlesex County
Middlesex County#English

Burlington (a town in New York; named for the city in New Jersey)

Burlington (a small town in Alfalfa County, Oklahoma)

Burlington (a town in Racine County, Wisconsin)

Burlington (a small town in Big Horn County, Wyoming)


甲米

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaːp̚³ mɐi̯¹³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaːp̚³ mɐi̯¹³/

From Thai กระบี่ (grà-bìi), via Teochew.

(～鎮) Krabi (a town in Krabi Province, Thailand)


婁煩

/loʊ̯³⁵ fän³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ faːn²¹/

/loʊ̯³⁵ fän³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ faːn²¹/

(～鎮) Loufan (a town in Loufan, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China)


叱干

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ kän⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ kän⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Chigan (a town in Liquan, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China)


平昌

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/bin²² t͡sʰɑ̃⁴⁴/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/bin²² t͡sʰɑ̃⁴⁴/

(～邑) Pyeongchang (a town in Pyeongchang, Gangwon Province, South Korea)


列治文山

ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄓˋ ㄨㄣˊ ㄕㄢ

ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄓˋ ㄨㄣˊ ㄕㄢ

Лечживэнь Шань

/li̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ wən³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/liːt̚² t͡siː²² mɐn²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/li̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ wən³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/liːt̚² t͡siː²² mɐn²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

(chiefly Canada) Richmond Hill (a town in Ontario, Canada)


里士滿希爾

ㄌㄧˇ ㄕˋ ㄇㄢˇ ㄒㄧ ㄦˇ

ㄌㄧˇ ㄕˋ ㄇㄢˇ ㄒㄧ ㄦˇ

Лишимань Сиэр

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(chiefly Mainland China) Richmond Hill (a town in Ontario, Canada)

列治文山

town in Ontario; local Chinese in Canada


湋源口

/weɪ̯³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/weɪ̯³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Weiyuankou (a town in Yangxin, Huangshi, Hubei, China)


且末

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɛː³⁵ muːt̚²/

/t͡sɵy̯⁵⁵ muːt̚²/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɛː³⁵ muːt̚²/

/t͡sɵy̯⁵⁵ muːt̚²/

(～鎮) Qiemo, Qarqan (a town in Qiemo, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


墨脫

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/mɐk̚² tʰyːt̚³/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/mɐk̚² tʰyːt̚³/

Borrowed from Tibetan མེ་ཏོག (me tog, “flower”).

(～鎮) Mêdog (a town in Mêdog County, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


硇洲

/nɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/naːu̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/nɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/naːu̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Naozhou (a town in Mazhang district, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China)


民都魯

/min³⁵ tu⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/min³⁵ tu⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Bintulu (a town in Sarawak, Malaysia)


賓州

/pin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/piŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siu³³/

/pin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/piŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siu³³/

(～鎮) Binzhou (a town in Binyang, Nanning, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Binzhou (a town in Bin County, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)


王子屯

/wɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ən³⁵/

ㄨㄤˊ ㄗˇ ㄊㄨㄣˊㄦ

/wɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯əɻ³⁵/

/wɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ən³⁵/

/wɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯əɻ³⁵/

Calque-phono-semantic matching of English Princeton, coined to resemble the name of a genuine Chinese village.

psm

(informal, humorous) Princeton (a town in New Jersey, United States)


五里鋪

→ English: Wulipu

/u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ lei̯¹³ pʰou̯³³/

/u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ lei̯¹³ pʰou̯³³/

(～鎮) Wulipu (a town in Shayang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


安邦

/ˀän⁵⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ pɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ pɔːŋ⁵⁵/


沙洋

/ʂä⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Shayang (a town in Shayang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


府城

/fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/fuː³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siã²⁴/

/hu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siã²⁴/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siã¹³/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siã²⁴/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siã²³/

/hu⁵²⁻³⁵ sĩã⁵⁵/

/fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/fuː³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siã²⁴/

/hu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siã²⁴/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siã¹³/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siã²⁴/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siã²³/

/hu⁵²⁻³⁵ sĩã⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Fucheng (a town in Anze, Linfen, Shaanxi, China)

(～鎮) Fucheng (a town in Fengyang, Chuzhou, Anhui, China)

(～鎮) Fucheng (a town in Wuming district, Nanning, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) (historical) Fucheng (a town in Qiongshan district, Haikou, Hainan, China, now split into three subdistricts)


永漋

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ lʊŋ²¹/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ lʊŋ²¹/

(～鎮) Yonglong (a town in Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


劉集

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ t͡saːp̚²/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ t͡saːp̚²/

(～鎮) Liuji (a town in Dengzhou, Nanyang, Henan, China)

(～鎮) Liuji (a town in Zhongmu, Zhengzhou, Henan, China)

(～鎮) Liuji (a town in Dawu, Jingmen, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Liuji (a town in Dong'e, Liaocheng, Shandong, China)


陡崗

(～鎮) Dougang (a town in Xiaonan district, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


新鋪

/ɕin⁵⁵ pʰu⁵¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ pʰu⁵¹/

(～鎮) Xinpu (a town in Xiaonan district, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


西河

(～鎮) Xihe (a town in Xiaonan district, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


楊店

/jɑŋ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/jɑŋ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

(～鎮) Yangdian (a town in Xiaonan district, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


煙店

/jɛn⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/jɛn⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

(～鎮) Yandian (a town in Anlu, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Yandian (a town in Linqing, Liaocheng, Shandong, China)


趙棚

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Zhaopeng (a town in Anlu, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


淡海

/tän⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːm²² hɔːi̯³⁵/

/tän⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːm²² hɔːi̯³⁵/

(～新市鎮) Danhai New Town (a town in Tamsui district, New Taipei City, Taiwan)


高陂

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ pi²⁴/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ pi²⁴/

(～鎮) Gaobei (a town in Yongding district, Longyan, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Gaobei (a town in Wan'an, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China)

(～鎮) Gaobei (a town in Dabu, Meizhou, Guangdong, China)


洪山

/xʊŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Hongshan (a town in Sui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)


團陂

/tʰu̯än³⁵ pʰi³⁵/

/tʰu̯än³⁵ pʰi³⁵/

(～鎮) Tuanpi (a town in Xishui, Huanggang, Hubei, China)


大圍山

/tä⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Daweishan (a town in Liuyang, Changsha, Hunan, China)


孛畈

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ fän⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ fän⁵¹/

(～鎮) Bofan (a town in Anlu, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


義堂

/i⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/i⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Yitang (a town in Yunmeng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


曾店

/t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

(～鎮) Zengdian (a town in Yunmeng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


吳鋪

(～鎮) Wupu (a town in Yunmeng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


伍洛

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/

(～鎮) Wuluo (a town in Yunmeng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


下辛店

ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄉㄧㄢˋ

ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄉㄧㄢˋ

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

(～鎮) Xiaxindian (a town in Yunmeng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)