薩罕

/sä⁵¹ xän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sä⁵¹ xän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Saghan, Sahan (a town in Yengisar, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


港尾

desc

→ English: Gangwei, Chiang-wei, Kang-wei

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bue⁵³/

/kaŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bue⁵⁵⁴/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bue⁵³/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bue⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bue⁴¹/

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bue⁵³/

/kaŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bue⁵⁵⁴/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bue⁵³/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bue⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bue⁴¹/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Gangwei (a town in Longhai, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China, formerly a township)


璦琿

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯ən³⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ fɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯ən³⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ fɐi̯⁵⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of Manchu ᠠᡳᡥᡡᠨ (aihūn)

psm

(～鎮) Aigun (a town in Aihui district, Heihe, Heilongjiang, China)


岳普湖

/ɥɛ⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² pʰou̯³⁵ wuː²¹/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² pʰou̯³⁵ wuː²¹/

(～鎮) Yopurga, Yuepuhu (a town in Yopurga, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


鐵熱木

ㄊㄧㄝˇ ㄖㄜˋ ㄇㄨˋ

ㄊㄧㄝˇ ㄖㄜˋ ㄇㄨˋ

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹/

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Terim, Tieremu (a town in Yopurga, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


艾西曼

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ män⁵¹/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ män⁵¹/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Eshme, Aiximan (a town in Yopurga, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


也克先拜巴扎

ㄧㄝˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄅㄞˋ ㄅㄚ ㄓㄚ

ㄧㄝˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄅㄞˋ ㄅㄚ ㄓㄚ

Екэсянь Байбачжа

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ paɪ̯⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵/

From Uyghur يەكشەنبەبازار (yekshenbebazar).

bor

يەكشەنبەبازار

Yekexian Baibazha
Yekexian Baibazha#English

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Yekshenbebazar, Yekexian Baibazha (a town in Yopurga, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


馬鼻

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi³⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi³⁵/

(～鎮) Mabi (a town in Lianjiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


浦口

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰou̯³⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰou̯³⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

(～鎮) Pukou (a town in Lianjiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


黃岐

desc

→ English: Huangqi, Huang-ch'i, Huangchi

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

(～鎮) Huangqi (a town in Lianjiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


曉澳

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(～鎮) Xiao'ao (a town in Lianjiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


琯頭

/ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

(～鎮) Guantou (a town in Lianjiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


筱埕

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Xiaocheng (a town in Lianjiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


坑園

/kʰɤŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/kʰɤŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Kengyuan (a town in Lianjiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, formerly a township)


苔菉

→ English: Tailu, T'ai-lu

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ lʊk̚²/

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ lʊk̚²/

(～鎮) Tailu (a town in Lianjiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


敖江

/ˀɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Aojiang (a town in Lianjiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


潭城

/tʰän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tʰän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Tancheng (a town in Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


澳前

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

(～鎮) Aoqian (a town in Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


北厝

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

(～鎮) Beicuo (a town in Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


敖東

/ˀɑʊ̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀɑʊ̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Aodong (a town in Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


桂山

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ saːn⁵⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ saːn⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Guishan (a town in Xiangzhou district, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China)


乃則爾巴格

ㄋㄞˇ ㄗㄜˊ ㄦˇ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄜˊ

ㄋㄞˇ ㄗㄜˊ ㄦˇ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄜˊ

Найцзээр Багэ

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɤ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɤ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Nezerbagh, Naize'er Bage (a town in Kashgar, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


夏馬勒巴格

ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄜˋ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄜˊ

ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄜˋ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄜˊ

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Shamalbagh, Xiamalebage (a town in Kashgar, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


托克扎克

ㄊㄨㄛ ㄎㄜˋ ㄓㄚ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄊㄨㄛ ㄎㄜˋ ㄓㄚ ㄎㄜˋ

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

(～鎮) Tokkuzak, Tuokezhake, Toqquzaq (a town in Shufu, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


阿依庫勒

/ˀä⁵⁵ i⁵⁵ kʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ i⁵⁵ kʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

(～鎮) Aykol, Ayikule (a town in Aksu, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


夏普吐勒

ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄆㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄌㄜˋ

ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄆㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄌㄜˋ

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Shaptul, Xiaputule (a town in Payzawat, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


奎依巴格

ㄎㄨㄟˊ ㄧ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄜˊ

ㄎㄨㄟˊ ㄧ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄜˊ

/kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ i⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ i⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

(～鎮) Kuybagh, Kuiyibage (a town in Poskam, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


新冠

/ɕin⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 新(にい)冠(かっぷ) (Niikappu).

(～町) Niikappu (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


賽力

/saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

(～鄉) Seyli, Saili (a town in Poskam, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


英買里

/iŋ⁵⁵ maɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/iŋ⁵⁵ maɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

From Uyghur يېڭىمەھەللە (yë'ngimehelle).

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Yengimehelle, Yingmaili (a town in Xayar, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


吐木秀克

ㄊㄨˇ ㄇㄨˋ ㄒㄧㄡˋ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄊㄨˇ ㄇㄨˋ ㄒㄧㄡˋ ㄎㄜˋ

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

(～鎮) Tumxuk, Tumuxiuke (a town in Onsu, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


阿恰勒

/ˀä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Aqal, Aqiale, Achal (a town in Kalpin, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


蓋孜力克

ㄍㄞˋ ㄗ ㄌㄧˋ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄍㄞˋ ㄗ ㄌㄧˋ ㄎㄜˋ

/kaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/kaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Gezlik, Gaizilike (a town in Kalpin, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


阿合雅

/ˀä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Aqyar, Aheya (a town in Uqturpan, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


佳木

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ mu⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ mu⁵¹/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Jam, Jiamu (a town in Onsu, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


小欖

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ län²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ län²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Xiaolan (a town in Zhongshan, Guangdong, China)


樟木頭

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ mu⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ mʊk̚² tʰɐu̯²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ mu⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ mʊk̚² tʰɐu̯²¹/

(～鎮) Zhangmutou (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


石龍

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² lʊŋ²¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² lʊŋ²¹/

(～鎮) Shilong (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


塘廈

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/tʰɔːŋ²¹ haː²²/

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/tʰɔːŋ²¹ haː²²/

(～鎮) Tangxia (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


茶山

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰaː²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰaː²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Chashan (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


朱日和

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ jɐt̚² wɔː²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ jɐt̚² wɔː²¹/

From Mongolian ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ (ǰirüke, literally “heart”).

bor

Sonid Right Banner
Sonid Right Banner#English

(～鎮) Zhurihe (a town in Sonid Right Banner, Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


阿拉哈格

→ English: Alahage

/ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ xä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ xä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

Borrowed from Uyghur ئالاقاغا (alaqagha).

(～鎮) Alakaga, Alahage, Alaqagha (a town in Kuqa, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


賽里木

/saɪ̯⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹/

(～鎮) Sairam, Sailimu, Sayram (a town in Baicheng, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


庫米什

→ English: Kumishi, K'u-mi-shih

/kʰu⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/kʰu⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

(～鎮) Kümüx, Kumishi (a town in Toksun, Turpan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


威士拿

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ nä³⁵/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ siː²² naː²¹/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ nä³⁵/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ siː²² naː²¹/

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

(Cantonese) Whistler (a resort town in British Columbia, Canada)


惠斯勒

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/wɐi̯²² siː⁵⁵ lɐk̚²/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/wɐi̯²² siː⁵⁵ lɐk̚²/


杭桂

/xɑŋ³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/xɑŋ³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

Borrowed from Uyghur ھاڭگىيا (hanggiya).

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Hanggiya, Hanggui (a town in Lop, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


托依堡勒迪

ㄊㄨㄛ ㄧ ㄅㄠˇ ㄌㄜˋ ㄉㄧˊ

ㄊㄨㄛ ㄧ ㄅㄠˇ ㄌㄜˋ ㄉㄧˊ

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ i⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹ ti³⁵/

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ i⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹ ti³⁵/

Borrowed from Uyghur تويبولدى (toyboldi).

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Toyboldi, Tuoyi Baoledi, Toy Boldi, Tuoyibaoledi (a town in Xayar, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


依麻木

/i⁵⁵ mä³⁵ mu⁵¹/

/i⁵⁵ mä³⁵ mu⁵¹/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Imam, Yimamu (a town in Uqturpan, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


烏尊

/u⁵⁵ t͡su̯ən⁵⁵/

/u⁵⁵ t͡su̯ən⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Uzun, Wuzun (a town in Kuqa, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


士乃

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː²² naːi̯¹³/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː²² naːi̯¹³/

Senai (a town and mukim of Kulai district, Johor, Malaysia)


厚街

→ English: Houjie

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯¹³ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯¹³ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Houjie (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


吳陽

/ŋ̍²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/ŋ̍²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

(～鎮) Wuyang (a town in Wuchuan, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China)


艾伊翁

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ i⁵⁵ wəŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ i⁵⁵ wəŋ⁵⁵/


秀篆

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹/

/sɐu̯³³ syːn²²/

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹/

/sɐu̯³³ syːn²²/

(～鎮) Xiuzhuan (a town in Zhao'an, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)


官陂

/ku̯än⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Guanbei (a town in Zhao'an, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)


四都

(～鎮) Sidu (a town in Zhao'an, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Sidu (a town in Jiangshan, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China)

(～鎮) Sidu (a town in Changting, Longyan, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Sidu (a town in Guidong, Chenzhou, Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Sidu (a town in Longchuan, Heyuan, Guangdong, China)


吉木薩爾

ㄐㄧˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄙㄚˋ ㄦˇ

ㄐㄧˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄙㄚˋ ㄦˇ

/t͡ɕi³⁵ mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ sä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ mʊk̚² saːt̚³ jiː¹³/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ sä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ mʊk̚² saːt̚³ jiː¹³/

(～鎮) Jimsar (a town in Jimsar county, Changji Prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


靈川

/liŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/lɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰœŋ⁵³³/

/lɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/liŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/lɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰœŋ⁵³³/

/lɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Lingchuan (a town, the county town of Lingchuan, Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Lingchuan (a town in Chengxiang district, Putian, Fujian, China)


剝隘

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

/mɔːk̚⁵ aːi̯³³/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

/mɔːk̚⁵ aːi̯³³/

(～鎮) Bo'ai (a town in Funing, Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan, China)


廉州

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/liːm²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/liːm²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Lianzhou (a town in Hepu, Beihai, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


雙水

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

(～鎮) Shuangshui (a town in Xinhui district, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


沖蔞

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ lɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵŋ³³ leu³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ lɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵŋ³³ leu³³/

(～鎮) Chonglou (a town in Taishan, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


司前

/sz̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːn²¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːn²¹/

(～鎮) Siqian (a town in Xinhui district, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Siqian (a town in Shixing, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China)


木姐

/mu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Muse (a town, the capital of Mu Se Township, Shan State, Myanmar)


鎮前

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ t͡sʰiːn²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ t͡sʰiːn²¹/

(～鎮) Zhenqian (a town in Zhenghe, Nanping, Fujian, China)


迪口

/ti³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɪk̚² hɐu̯³⁵/

/ti³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɪk̚² hɐu̯³⁵/

(～鎮) Dikou (a town in Jian'ou, Nanping, Fujian, China)


石陂

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² pei̯⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² pei̯⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Shibei (a town in Pucheng, Nanping, Fujian, China)


南坎

/nän³⁵ kʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nän³⁵ kʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Namhkam (a town in Namhkam Township, Shan State, Myanmar)


周浦

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Zhoupu (a town in Pudong district, Shanghai, China)


龍湖

/lʊŋ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ wuː²¹/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ou⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ wuː²¹/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ou⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Longhu (a town in Jinjiang, Quanzhou, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Longhu (a town in Nancheng, Fuzhou, Jiangxi, China)

(～鎮) Longhu (a town in Xinzheng, Zhengzhou, Henan, China)

(～鎮) Longhu (a town in Chao'an district, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Longhu (a town in Wanxiu district, Wuzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Longhu (a town in Ding'an, Hainan, China)


博鰲

→ English: Bo'ao, Boao

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pɔːk̚³ ŋou̯²¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pɔːk̚³ ŋou̯²¹/

The interpretation as 博 (bó, “vast; abundant”) + 鰲／鳌 (áo, “mythological sea turtle”) is likely folk etymology because it was also written as 卜敖. It may be composed of Lingao bak⁷ (“mouth”) and ŋa¹ (“port; harbour”).

(～鎮) Bo'ao, Boao (a town in Qionghai, Hainan, China)


潭門

/tʰän³⁵ mən³⁵/

/tʰän³⁵ mən³⁵/

(～鎮) Tanmen (a town in Qionghai, Hainan, China)


古勞

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑʊ̯³⁵/

(～鎮) Gulao (a town in Heshan, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


汶村

/wən⁵¹ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/wən⁵¹ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Wencun (a town in Taishan, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


端芬

/tu̯än⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/

/tu̯än⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Duanfen (a town in Taishan, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


巴仁

→ English: Baren, Pa-jen

/pä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

(～鎮) Barin, Baren (a town in Payzawat, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


文城

/wən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/wən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Wencheng (a town in Wenchang, Hainan, China)


嘉積

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚⁵/

(～鎮) Jiaji (a town in Qionghai, Hainan, China)


萬城

/wän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/wän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Wancheng (a town in Wanning, Hainan, China)


廣海

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵ hᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵ hᵘɔi⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Guanghai (a town in Taishan, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


葵潭

/kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ tʰän³⁵/

/kʷʰɐi̯²¹ tʰaːm²¹/

/kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ tʰän³⁵/

/kʷʰɐi̯²¹ tʰaːm²¹/

(～鎮) Kuitan (a town in Huilai, Jieyang, Guangdong, China)


九峰

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Jiufeng (a town in Pinghe, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Jiufeng (a town in Lechang, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Jiufeng (a town in Zhouzhi, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China)


烏夏巴什

ㄨ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄅㄚ ㄕˊ

ㄨ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄅㄚ ㄕˊ

/u⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/u⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

(～鎮) Ushsharbash (a town in Kargilik, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


烏魯卻勒

ㄨ ㄌㄨˇ ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄌㄜˋ

ㄨ ㄌㄨˇ ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄌㄜˋ

/u⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

/u⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Ghoruchol (a town in Awat, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


差春騷

/ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ sɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ sɑʊ̯⁵⁵/


猜納

/t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/


猜也蓬

/t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵/


莊他武里

ㄓㄨㄤ ㄊㄚ ㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ

ㄓㄨㄤ ㄊㄚ ㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰä⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰä⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～市) Chanthaburi (a town, the capital of Chanthaburi Province, Thailand)


萬佛歲

ㄨㄢˋ ㄈㄛˊ ㄙㄨㄟˋ

ㄨㄢˋ ㄈㄛˊ ㄙㄨㄟˋ

/wän⁵¹ fu̯ɔ³⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/wän⁵¹ fu̯ɔ³⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/


加拉信

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ɕin⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ɕin⁵¹/


甘烹碧

/kän⁵⁵ pʰɤŋ⁵⁵ pi⁵¹/

/kän⁵⁵ pʰɤŋ⁵⁵ pi⁵¹/


拉廊

/lä⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵/

/lä⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵/


董里

/tʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


廊開

/lɑŋ³⁵ kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/

/lɑŋ³⁵ kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/


坤西育

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ y⁵¹/

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ y⁵¹/


莫拉限

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/


攀牙

/pʰän⁵⁵ jä³⁵/

/pʰän⁵⁵ jä³⁵/


那空那育

ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄨㄥ ㄋㄚˋ ㄩˋ

ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄨㄥ ㄋㄚˋ ㄩˋ

/nä⁵¹ kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/nä⁵¹ kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/


馬哈沙拉堪

ㄇㄚˇ ㄏㄚ ㄕㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄎㄢ

ㄇㄚˇ ㄏㄚ ㄕㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄎㄢ

Маха Шалакань

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xä⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ kʰän⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xä⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ kʰän⁵⁵/


碧差汶

/pi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵ wən⁵¹/

/pi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵ wən⁵¹/


碧武里

/pi⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


博他侖

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/


披集

/pʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/pʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/


叻武里

/lɤ⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɤ⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


巴真

/pä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/


程逸

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ i⁵¹/

/tʰĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ik̚⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ i⁵¹/

/tʰĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ik̚⁴/

From Thai ท่าอิฐ (Tha It, former name of Uttaradit), via Teochew (เถี่ยอิ๊ก).


那拉提瓦

ㄋㄚˋ ㄌㄚ ㄊㄧˊ ㄨㄚˇ

ㄋㄚˋ ㄌㄚ ㄊㄧˊ ㄨㄚˇ

/nä⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ tʰi³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nä⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ tʰi³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


巴吞他尼

ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨㄣ ㄊㄚ ㄋㄧˊ

ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨㄣ ㄊㄚ ㄋㄧˊ

/pä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ən⁵⁵ tʰä⁵⁵ ni³⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ən⁵⁵ tʰä⁵⁵ ni³⁵/


巴真武里

ㄅㄚ ㄓㄣ ㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ

ㄅㄚ ㄓㄣ ㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ

/pä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


沙沒頌堪

ㄕㄚ ㄇㄛˋ ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄎㄢ

ㄕㄚ ㄇㄛˋ ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄎㄢ

/ʂä⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sʊŋ⁵¹ kʰän⁵⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sʊŋ⁵¹ kʰän⁵⁵/


沙拉武里

ㄕㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ

ㄕㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ

/ʂä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Borrowed from Thai สระบุรี (sà-rà-bù-rii), via Teochew.


沙敦

/ʂä⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵⁵/


信武里

/ɕin⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕin⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


素攀

/su⁵¹ pʰän⁵⁵/

/su⁵¹ pʰän⁵⁵/


素攀武里

ㄙㄨˋ ㄆㄢ ㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ

ㄙㄨˋ ㄆㄢ ㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ

/su⁵¹ pʰän⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/su⁵¹ pʰän⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

From Thai สุพรรณบุรี (sù-pan-bù-rii) via Hokkien [Term?].


烏泰他尼

ㄨ ㄊㄞˋ ㄊㄚ ㄋㄧˊ

ㄨ ㄊㄞˋ ㄊㄚ ㄋㄧˊ

/u⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ tʰä⁵⁵ ni³⁵/

/u⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ tʰä⁵⁵ ni³⁵/


烏達臘迪

ㄨ ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄚˋ ㄉㄧˊ

ㄨ ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄚˋ ㄉㄧˊ

/u⁵⁵ tä³⁵ lä⁵¹ ti³⁵/

/u⁵⁵ tä³⁵ lä⁵¹ ti³⁵/


益梭通

/i⁵¹ su̯ɔ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/i⁵¹ su̯ɔ⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/


帕堯

/pʰä⁵¹ jɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pʰä⁵¹ jɑʊ̯³⁵/


那空拍儂

ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄨㄥ ㄆㄞ ㄋㄨㄥˊ

ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄨㄥ ㄆㄞ ㄋㄨㄥˊ

/nä⁵¹ kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ nʊŋ³⁵/

/nä⁵¹ kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ nʊŋ³⁵/


那坤巴統

ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄨㄣ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨㄥˇ

ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄨㄣ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨㄥˇ

/nä⁵¹ kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nä⁵¹ kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


比金

Borrowed from Russian Бики́н (Bikín).
* (Bikinsky District): Calque of Russian Бики́нский райо́н (Bikínskij rajón).

cal

Бики́нский райо́н

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

Bikinsky District
Bikinsky District#English

Bikin (a town, the administrative center of the Bikinsky District, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia)


蘇維埃港

ㄙㄨ ㄨㄟˊ ㄞ ㄍㄤˇ

ㄙㄨ ㄨㄟˊ ㄞ ㄍㄤˇ

/su⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/su⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Calque of Russian Сове́тская Га́вань (Sovétskaja Gávanʹ).

Сове́тская Га́вань

Sovetskaya Gavan
Sovetskaya Gavan#English

Sovetskaya Gavan (a town in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia)


大卡緬

ㄉㄚˋ ㄎㄚˇ ㄇㄧㄢˇ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄎㄚˇ ㄇㄧㄢˇ

/tä⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tä⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Partial calque of Russian Большо́й Ка́мень (Bolʹšój Kámenʹ).

partial calque

Большо́й Ка́мень

Bolshoy Kamen (a town in Primorsky Krai, Russia)


吳航

/ŋ̍²¹ hɔːŋ²¹/

/ŋ̍²¹ hɔːŋ²¹/

(～鎮) (historical) Wuhang (a town in Changle, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


比羅比詹

ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄅㄧˇ ㄓㄢ

ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄅㄧˇ ㄓㄢ

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Russian Биробиджа́н (Birobidžán).

Jewish Autonomous Oblast
Jewish Autonomous Oblast#English

Birobidzhan (a town, the administrative center of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia)


舞市阻

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mou̯¹³ siː¹³ t͡sɔː³⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mou̯¹³ siː¹³ t͡sɔː³⁵/

(dated) Moose Jaw (a town in Saskatchewan, Canada)


勒熱夫

/lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐɤ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐɤ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/


僑港

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Qiaogang (a town in Yinhai district, Beihai, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


野豬河

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/jɛː¹³ t͡syː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/jɛː¹³ t͡syː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

Dalnegorsk (a town in Primorsky Krai, Russia)


達利涅戈爾斯克

ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄋㄧㄝˋ ㄍㄜ ㄦˇ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄋㄧㄝˋ ㄍㄜ ㄦˇ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

Далинегээрсыкэ

/tä³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ ni̯ɛ⁵¹ kɤ⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Russian Дальнего́рск (Dalʹnegórsk).

bor

Дальнего́рск


工卡

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Kunggar (a town in Maizhokunggar, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


和豐

/xɤ³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔː²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔː²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

Sungai Siput (a town in Kuala Kangsar district, Perak, Malaysia)


九洞

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵¹/

(～新村) Jelapang (a town in Kinta district, Perak, Malaysia)


高淵

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵⁵/

Possibly from the name of the Kerian River, which would make it cognate with the district name 吉輦／吉辇 (Jíniǎn, “Kerian”).

Nibong Tebal (a town in Seberang Perai, Penang, Malaysia)


萬津

/wän⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/wän⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

Banting (a town in Kuala Langat district, Selangor, Malaysia)


利豐港

/li⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Sungai Mati (a town in Serom, Tangkak district, Johor, Malaysia)


達坂城

/tä³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːt̚² paːn³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/tä³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːt̚² paːn³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(～鎮) Dabancheng (a town in Dabancheng district, Ürümqi, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


達旺

/tä³⁵ wɑŋ⁵¹/

/taːt̚² wɔːŋ²²/

/tä³⁵ wɑŋ⁵¹/

/taːt̚² wɔːŋ²²/

Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh#English

Tawang (a town, the district headquarters of Tawang district, Arunachal Pradesh, India)


茶卡

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaː²¹ kʰaː⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaː²¹ kʰaː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཚྭ་ཁ། (tshwa kha, “salt field; salt lake”).

(～鎮) Chaka (a town in Ulan, Haixi prefecture, Qinghai, China)


當別

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 当(とう)別(べつ) (Tōbetsu).

(～町) Tōbetsu (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


巴彥浩特

ㄅㄚ ㄧㄢˋ ㄏㄠˋ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄅㄚ ㄧㄢˋ ㄏㄠˋ ㄊㄜˋ

/pä⁵⁵ jɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ jiːn²² hou̯²² tɐk̚²/

/pä⁵⁵ jɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ jiːn²² hou̯²² tɐk̚²/

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠬᠣᠲᠠ (bayanqota).

Alxa Left Banner
Alxa Left Banner#English

(～鎮) Bayanhot (a town in Alxa Left Banner, Alxa League, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


七飯

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ fän⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ faːn²²/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ fän⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ faːn²²/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 七(なな)飯(え) (nanae).

(～町) Nanae (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


木古內

/mu⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/mʊk̚² kuː³⁵ nɔːi̯²²/

/mu⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/mʊk̚² kuː³⁵ nɔːi̯²²/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 木(き)古(こ)内(ない) (Kikonai).

(～町) Kikonai (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


知內

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ nɔːi̯²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ nɔːi̯²²/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 知(しり)内(うち) (Shiriuchi).

(～町) Shiriuchi (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


長萬部

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 長(おしゃ)万(まん)部(べ) (Oshamanbe).

(～町) Oshamambe (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


江差

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 江(え)差(さし) (esashi).

(～町) Esashi (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


可可托海

ㄎㄜˇ ㄎㄜˇ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄏㄞˇ

ㄎㄜˇ ㄎㄜˇ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄏㄞˇ

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː³⁵ hɔː³⁵ tʰɔːk̚³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/hɔː³⁵ hɔː³⁵ tʰɔːk̚³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

(～鎮) Koktokay (a town in Fuyun, Altay prefecture, Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


寶昌

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Baochang (a town in Taibus, Xilingol, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


壽昌

/ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Shouchang (a town in Jiande, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


波德申

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ sɐn⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ sɐn⁵⁵/

Port Dickson (a coastal town, the capital of Port Dickson district, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)


恰克圖

ㄑㄧㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨˊ

ㄑㄧㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨˊ

/t͡ɕʰi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ tʰu³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ tʰu³⁵/

Transliteration of Manchu ᡴᡳᠶᠠᡴᡨᡠ (kiyaktu), from Classical Mongolian ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠲᠤ (kiyaɣtu, ornative toponym).

der

Kyakhta (a town, the administrative centre of the Kyakhtinsky District, Buryatia, Russia)


吉隆

Borrowed from Tibetan སྐྱིད་གྲོང (skyid grong).

zh-wp

zh:吉隆鎮 (吉隆縣)

/t͡ɕi³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

(～鎮) Gyirong (a town in Gyirong county, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


吉隆

zh:吉隆鎮 (惠東縣)

/t͡ɕi³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

(～鎮) Jilong (a town in Huidong, Huizhou, Guangdong, China)


橫店

/xɤŋ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/xɤŋ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

(～鎮) Hengdian (a town in Dongyang, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)


星星峽

ㄒㄧㄥ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄒㄧㄚˊ

ㄒㄧㄥ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄒㄧㄚˊ

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

(～鎮) Xingxingxia (a town in Yizhou district, Hami, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


勐拉

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

Mong La (a town, the administrative seat of Mong La, Shan State, Myanmar)


蛤蟆塘

/xä³⁵ mä³ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/xä³⁵ mä³ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) (historical) Hamatang (a town in Dandong, Liaoning, China)


巴里坤

/pä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ kʷʰɐn⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ kʷʰɐn⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Manchu ᠪᠠᡵ
ᡴᡠᠯ (bar kul), from Written Oirat ᡋᠠᠷ
ᡍᡉᠯ (bar kül); may be ultimately derived from a Turkic word in the form of *bars-köl meaning "tiger lake" (Li, 1999). Compare Chagatai بارکول (bār-kȫl), Uyghur باركۆل / Баркөл (Barköl), Kazakh باركول / Баркөл (Barköl).
Compare 婆悉 (MC ba sit) in 婆悉海, the Tang dynasty name for Barkol Lake, and perhaps 蒲類 (OC *baː ruds), the name of an ancient kingdom near Barkol Lake during the Han dynasty (ibid.).

ncog

Uyghur باركۆل

Kazakh باركول

巴爾庫勒

Qing-era strict Manchu–Oirat transliteration

(～鎮) Barkol (a town in Barkol County, Hami, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


托克遜

ㄊㄨㄛ ㄎㄜˋ ㄒㄩㄣˋ

ㄊㄨㄛ ㄎㄜˋ ㄒㄩㄣˋ

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕyn⁵¹/

/tʰɔːk̚³ hɐk̚⁵ sɵn³³/

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕyn⁵¹/

/tʰɔːk̚³ hɐk̚⁵ sɵn³³/

(～鎮) Toksun, Tuokexun (a town in Toksun, Turpan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


列城

/li̯ɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/liːt̚² sɪŋ²¹/

/li̯ɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/liːt̚² sɪŋ²¹/

Leh (a town in Leh district, Ladakh, India)


臘戍

/lä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/lä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/


昔馬

/ɕi⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Xima (a town in Yingjiang, Dehong, Yunnan, China)


片馬

/pʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰiːn³³ maː¹³/

/pʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰiːn³³ maː¹³/

(～鎮) Pianma (a town in Lushui, Nujiang prefecture, Yunnan, China)


谷當

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊk̚⁵ tɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊk̚⁵ tɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～埠) (obsolete) Cooktown (a town in Queensland, Australia)


南傘

/nän³⁵ sän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nän³⁵ sän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Nansan (a town in Zhenkang, Lincang, Yunnan, China)


高麗營

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ li³⁵ iŋ³⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ li³⁵ iŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Gaoliying (a town in Shunyi district, Beijing, China)


四九

/sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sei̯³³ kɐu̯³⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sei̯³³ kɐu̯³⁵/

From 四九墟 (literally “fourth-&-ninth market”), as locals gather for trade on the fourth and ninth days of each lunar month.

(～鎮) Sijiu (a town in Taishan, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


坪石

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ sɛːk̚²/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ sɛːk̚²/

(～鎮) Pingshi (a town in Lechang, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China)


渠舊

/t͡ɕʰy³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰy³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

(～鎮) Qujiu (a town in Fusui, Chongzuo, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


三道嶺

/sän⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sän⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Sandaoling (a town in Yizhou district, Hami, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


百靈廟

ㄅㄞˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄇㄧㄠˋ

ㄅㄞˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄇㄧㄠˋ

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

Darhan Muminggan United Banner
w:Darhan Muminggan United Banner

(～鎮) Bailingmiao (a town in Darhan Muminggan United Banner, Baotou, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China; where the aforementioned temple is located)


五經富

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ kɪŋ⁵⁵ fuː³³/

/ŋou⁵²⁻³⁵ kẽ³³⁻²³ pʰou²¹³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ kɪŋ⁵⁵ fuː³³/

/ŋou⁵²⁻³⁵ kẽ³³⁻²³ pʰou²¹³/

(～鎮) Wujingfu (a town in Jiexi, Jieyang, Guangdong, China)


河姆渡

/xɤ³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ mou̯¹³ tou̯²²/

/xɤ³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ mou̯¹³ tou̯²²/

(～鎮) Hemudu (a town in Yuyao, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)


獅泉河

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹ hɔː²¹/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹ hɔː²¹/

Calque of Tibetan སེང་གེ་ཁ་འབབ (seng ge kha 'bab).

cal

སེང་གེ་ཁ་འབབ

(～鎮) Shiquanhe (a town in Gar County, Ngari prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


唐汪

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ wɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ wɑŋ⁵⁵/

Dongxiang Autonomous County
Dongxiang Autonomous County#English

(～鎮) Tangwang (a town in Dongxiang Autonomous County, Linxia prefecture, Gansu, China)


赤溪

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Chixi (a town in Taishan, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Chixi (a town in Jiaocheng district, Ningde, Fujian, China)

(～街道) Chixi (a town in Lanxi, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)


泗里街

/sz̩⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/siː³³ lei̯¹³ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/siː³³ lei̯¹³ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

Sarikei (a town and capital of Sarikei Division, Sarawak, Malaysia)


閩寧

/min²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵/

/min²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Minning (a town in Yongning, Yinchuan, Ningxia autonomous region, China)


烏蘭烏蘇

/u⁵⁵ län³⁵ u⁵⁵ su⁵⁵/

/u⁵⁵ län³⁵ u⁵⁵ su⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Written Oirat ᡇᠯᠠᠨ
ᡇᠰᡇ (ulan usu, literally “red river”), possibly via Manchu ᡠᠯᠠᠨ
ᡠᠰᡠ (ulan usu).

bor

(～鎮) Wulanwusu (a town in Shawan, Tacheng prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


古爾圖

/ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu³⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu³⁵/

(～鎮) Gu'ertu (a town in Wusu, Tacheng prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


滾弄

/ku̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ nʊŋ⁵¹/

/ku̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ nʊŋ⁵¹/

Kunlong (a town in Kunlong Township, Shan State, Myanmar)


孟定

/mɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/

/mɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/

(～鎮) Mengding (a town in Gengma, Lincang, Yunnan, China)


而連突

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ tʰu⁵⁵/

/jiː²¹ liːn²¹ tɐt̚²/

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ tʰu⁵⁵/

/jiː²¹ liːn²¹ tɐt̚²/

(～市, ～縣) Jerantut (a town and district of Pahang, Malaysia)


木威

/mu⁵¹ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/mʊk̚² wɐi̯⁵⁵/

/mu⁵¹ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/mʊk̚² wɐi̯⁵⁵/


文德甲

ㄨㄣˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄚˇ

ㄨㄣˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄚˇ

/wən³⁵ tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐn²¹ tɐk̚⁵ kaːp̚³/

/wən³⁵ tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐn²¹ tɐk̚⁵ kaːp̚³/


帕里

/pʰä⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰä⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Phari (a town in Yadong, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


普蘭

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan སྤུ་ཧྲེང (spu hreng).

(～鎮) Burang (a town in Burang County, Ngari prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


橫琴

/xɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/waːŋ²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

/xɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/waːŋ²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

(～鎮) Hengqin (a town in Xiangzhou district, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China)


下司馬

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཤར་གསིང་མ (shar gsing ma).

(～鎮) Shashima, Xarsingma (a town in Yadong, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


黑木山

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ mu⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ mu⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

Most probably calque of Malay Bukit Kayu Hitam (literally “Black Wood Hill”).

calque

Bukit Kayu Hitam (a town in Kubang Pasu district, Kedah, Malaysia)


祿步

/lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

The first syllable 祿／禄 (lù) is possibly a Kra-Dai substrate; compare Zhuang lueg (“mountain valley”). The substate word is more often written as 六 (liù) in toponyms of Guangdong and Guangxi.
The second syllable 步 (bù) may be the same word as the homophonous 埗 (bù, “pier”).

(～鎮) Lubu (a town in Gaoyao district, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China)


那務

/nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹/

/nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹/

Possibly derived from a Kra-Dai substrate. Compare the first syllable with Zhuang na (“field”) and the second syllable with Zhuang mou (“pig”).

(～鎮) Nawu (a town in Huazhou, Maoming, Guangdong, China)


那麗

/nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

那 (nà) is from Zhuang naz (“paddy field”).

(～鎮) Nali (a town in Qinnan district, Qinzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


那大

/nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹/

/nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹/

(～鎮) Nada (a town in Danzhou, Hainan, China)


灰寨

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/

(～鎮) Huizhai (a town in Jiexi, Jieyang, Guangdong, China)


連灘

/li̯ɛn³⁵ tʰän⁵⁵/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ tʰän⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Liantan (a town in Yunnan, Yunfu, Guangdong, China)


田莊臺

ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄓㄨㄤ ㄊㄞˊ

ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄓㄨㄤ ㄊㄞˊ

Тяньчжуантай

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

(～鎮) Tianzhuangtai (a town in Dawa district, Panjin, Liaoning, China)


新都橋

/ɕin⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

(～鎮) Xinduqiao (a town in Kangding, Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


拉咱

/lä⁵⁵ t͡sän³⁵/

/lä⁵⁵ t͡sän³⁵/


九真

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ t͡sɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ t͡sɐn⁵⁵/

Ferlus (2012b) and Pain (2020) propose that 九真 (OC kuˀ-cin) transcribed *k.cin, a local autonym which is reflected in Puoc [Term?] (ksiːŋ muːl) & Thavung [script needed] (ktiːŋ²) meaning "human being, people", the latter from Proto-Vietic *kciːŋ, which consists of prefix *k- and *ciɲ (“leg, foot”); thus, "human beings" are "(those who are) on foot, those who stand on their feet."
Pain further suggests that "Cửu Chân might therefore have been inhabited by some ancestors of the Southern Vietic Thavung - Aheu."

(～鎮) Jiuzhen (a town in Tianmen, Hubei, China)


足榮

/t͡su³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡su³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Zurong (a town in Debao, Baise, Guangxi, China)


小長安

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Xiaochang'an (a town in Luocheng, Hechi, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


亞布力

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

From a station built by Russians in 1899 named 亞布洛尼／亚布洛尼, from Russian я́блони (jábloni, “apple trees”).

der

(～鎮) Yabuli (a town in Shangzhi, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)


磨憨

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ xän⁵⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ xän⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Mohan (a town in Mengla, Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, China)


金馬崙

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄣˊ

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄣˊ

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ maː¹³ lɵn²¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴/

/kim³³ be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun³³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ maː¹³ lɵn²¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴/

/kim³³ be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun³³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴/

Cameron Highlands
Cameron Highlands#English

Cameron Highlands (a hill station and district of Pahang, Malaysia)


毛坦廠

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Maotanchang (a town in Jin'an district, Lu'an, Anhui, China)


貴嶼

→ English: Guiyu

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sɯ³⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sɯ³⁵/

(～鎮) Guiyu (a town in Chaoyang district, Shantou, Guangdong, China)


隆江

/lʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

/lʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

(～鎮) Longjiang (a town in Huilai, Jieyang, Guangdong, China)


噶倫堡

ㄍㄚˊ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄅㄠˇ

ㄍㄚˊ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄅㄠˇ

/kä³⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kä³⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(dated) Kalimpong (a town in West Bengal, India)


琊川

/jä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/jä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Yachuan (a town in Fenggang, Zunyi, Guizhou, China)


大瀝

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² lɛːk̚²/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² lɛːk̚²/

(～鎮) Dali (a town in Nanhai district, Foshan, Guangdong, China)


太陽升

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

The east is red, the sun is rising. From China, appears Mao Zedong.

Dōngfāng hóng, tàiyáng shēng, Zhōngguó chū liǎo ge Máo Zédōng.

東方紅，太陽升，中國出了個毛澤東。

东方红，太阳升，中国出了个毛泽东。

(～鎮) Taiyangsheng (a town in Datong district, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China)

(～鎮) Taiyangsheng (a town in Xiushui, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China)

(～街道) Taiyangsheng (a town in Gaizhou, Yingkou, Liaoning, China)


花東

zh-l

花縣／花县 (Huāxiàn)

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Huadong (a town in Huadu district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)


勐卯

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Borrowed from Tai Nüa ᥛᥫᥒᥰᥛᥣᥝᥰ (möengmäaw) or Shan မိူင်းမၢဝ်း (móeng máao).

bor

Shan မိူင်းမၢဝ်း (móeng máao)

(～鎮) Mengmao (a town in Ruili, Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


樟木

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ mu⁵¹/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ mʊk̚²/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ mu⁵¹/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ mʊk̚²/

(～鎮) Zhangmu (a town in Nyalam, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


米河

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

(～鎮) Mihe (a town in Gongyi, Zhengzhou, Henan, China)


五通

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Wutong (a town in Lingui district, Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


永安

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/iŋ³³⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/iŋ³³⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Yong'an (a town in Liuyang, Changsha, Hunan, China)


小湯山

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Xiaotangshan (a town, a former township in Changping district, Beijing, China)


𨻧隍

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/liu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ŋ⁵⁵/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/liu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ŋ⁵⁵/

(Can we date this quote?), “美妙的潮州方言”, in 潮汕民俗网, archived from the original on 2022-07-25:

八月八，𨻧隍糕，青裏截

八月八，𨻧隍糕，青里截

(～鎮) Liuhuang (a town in Fengshun, Meizhou, Guangdong, China)


浮洋

/fu³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ĩõ⁵⁵/

/fu³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ĩõ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Fuyang (a town in Chao'an district, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China)


波蓮

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/

(～鎮) Bolian (a town in Lingao, Hainan, China)


犀牛腳

ㄒㄧ ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄐㄧㄠˇ

ㄒㄧ ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄐㄧㄠˇ

/ɕi⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Xiniujiao (a town and former township in Qinnan district, Qinzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


張家川

Чжанцзячуань

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Zhangjiachuan (the county town of Zhangjiachuan Autonomous County, Tianshui, Gansu, China)


瀛海

/iŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/iŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～地區) Yinghai (an area and town in Daxing district, Beijing, China)


唐家灣

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Tangjiawan (a town in Xiangzhou district, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China)


楊和

→ English: Yanghe

/jɑŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/jɑŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

(～鎮) Yanghe (a town in Gaoming district, Foshan, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Yanghe (a town, the county town of Yongning, Yinchuan, Ningxia autonomous region, China)


新湖

(～鎮) Xinhu (a town in Dongping, Tai'an, Shandong, China)

(～鎮) Xinhu (a town in Nanguan district, Changchun, Jilin, China)


杏壇

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ tʰän³⁵/

/hɐŋ²² tʰaːn²¹/

/hiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ tuã²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² tuã²⁴/

/hiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ tuã¹³/

/hiɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ tuã²⁴/

/hiɪŋ³³⁻²¹ tuã²³/

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ tʰän³⁵/

/hɐŋ²² tʰaːn²¹/

/hiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ tuã²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² tuã²⁴/

/hiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ tuã¹³/

/hiɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ tuã²⁴/

/hiɪŋ³³⁻²¹ tuã²³/

Confucius taught his students at "杏壇／杏坛 (xìngtán)".

zh-m

杏壇／杏坛 (xìngtán)

(～鎮) Xingtan (a town in Shunde district, Foshan, Guangdong, China)


八所

/pä⁵⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pä⁵⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Basuo (a town in Dongfang, Hainan, China)


坦洲

/tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰaːn³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰaːn³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Tanzhou (a town in Zhongshan, Guangdong, China)


獐子島

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩² tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩² tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Zhangzidao (a town in Changhai, Dalian, Liaoning, China)


華威

/xu̯ä³⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/waː²¹ wɐi̯⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä³⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/waː²¹ wɐi̯⁵⁵/


碾伯

/ni̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ni̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

(～鎮) Nianbo (a town in Ledu district, Xining, Qinghai, China)


紅柳灣

ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄌㄧㄡˇ ㄨㄢ

ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄌㄧㄡˇ ㄨㄢ

/xʊŋ³⁵ li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wän⁵⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wän⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Hongliuwan (a town, the county town of Aksay, Jiuquan, Gansu, China)


茶洞

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Chadong (a town, a former township in Lingui district, Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


桃城

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tʰou̯²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tʰou̯²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

(～鎮) Taocheng (a town in Yongchun, Quanzhou, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Taocheng (a town in Daxin, Chongzuo, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


水步

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/

/sɵy̯³⁵ pou̯²²/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/

/sɵy̯³⁵ pou̯²²/

(～鎮) Shuibu (a town in Taishan, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


尼古拉耶夫斯克

Nígǔlāyēfūsīkè

ㄋㄧˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄚ ㄧㄝ ㄈㄨ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

Nígǔlāyēfūsīkè

ㄋㄧˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄚ ㄧㄝ ㄈㄨ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

Нигулаефусыкэ

/ni³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ jɛ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

(historical) Nikolayevsk, Nikolayevsk-on-Amur (a town in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, on the Amur River)


打巴

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵/

/taː³⁵ paː⁵⁵/

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵/

/taː³⁵ paː⁵⁵/

1954 May 13, 胡履德, quotee, “太平北吡叻廣東會舘 舉行重修落成慶典（續昨）”, in 星洲日報 [Sin Chew Jit Poh], page 9:

The fourth stage is a difficult time: At the time, I was the head of Tapah, and in Tapah there were two Cantonese towns; the leaders of the towns had resisted and killed bandits; their bravery gave me a sort of encouragement, and I will never forget them.

dai⁶ sei³ gaai¹ dyun⁶ hai⁶ jat¹ go³ gaan¹ naan⁴ ge³ si⁴ kei⁴, dong¹ si⁴ ngo⁵ hai⁶ daa² baa¹ ge³ jyun² zoeng², hai² daa² baa¹ jau⁵ loeng⁵ go³ gwong² dung¹ jan⁴ ge³ fau⁶ zai², fau⁶ zai² ge³ ling⁵ zau⁶ cang⁴ ging¹ dai² kong³ kap⁶ saat³ sei² gwo³ fei² tou⁴, keoi⁵ dei⁶ ge³ jung⁵ hei³ bei² ngo⁵ jat¹ zung² ge³ gu² lai⁶, ngo⁵ wing⁵ jyun⁵ m⁴ wui⁵ mong⁴ gei³ keoi⁵ dei⁶.

第四階段係一個艱難嘅時期，當時我係打巴嘅縣長，在打巴有兩個廣東人嘅埠仔，埠仔嘅領袖曾經抵抗及殺死過匪徒，佢地嘅勇氣被我一種嘅鼓勵，我永遠唔會忘記佢地。

第四阶段系一个艰难嘅时期，当时我系打巴嘅县长，在打巴有两个广东人嘅埠仔，埠仔嘅领袖曾经抵抗及杀死过匪徒，佢地嘅勇气被我一种嘅鼓励，我永远唔会忘记佢地。


九亭

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰiŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Jiuting (a town in Songjiang district, Shanghai, China)


艾麗斯斯普林斯

ㄞˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙ ㄙ ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄙ

ㄞˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙ ㄙ ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄙ

Айлисысыпулиньсы

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

Northern Territory
Northern Territory#English

(Mainland China) Alice Springs (a town in the Northern Territory, Australia)


奧斯特里茨

ㄠˋ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄘˊ

ㄠˋ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄘˊ

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

Austerlitz (a town in the Czech Republic)


蓮下

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/nõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ e³⁵/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/nõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ e³⁵/

(～鎮) Lianxia (a town in Chenghai district, Shantou, Guangdong, China)


歡口

/xu̯än⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xu̯än⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Huankou (a town in Fengxian, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China)


楓亭

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/hɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɛŋ¹³/

/hɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɛŋ²⁴/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/hɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɛŋ¹³/

/hɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɛŋ²⁴/

(～鎮) Fengting (a town in Xianyou, Putian, Fujian, China)


馬蘭

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

(～市, ～縣) Maran (a town and district of Pahang, Malaysia)


清溪

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Qingxi (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


飛鸞

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ lu̯än³⁵/

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ lu̯än³⁵/

(～鎮) Feiluan (a town in Jiaocheng district, Ningde, Fujian, China)


大汶口

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ wən⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ wən⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Dawenkou (a town in Daiyue district, Tai'an, Shandong, China), site of the Dawenkou culture


軹城

→ English: Zhicheng

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Zhicheng (a town in Jiyuan, Henan, China)


峪泉

/y⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/y⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

(～鎮) Yuquan (a town in Jiayuguan, Gansu, China)


華亭

/xu̯ä³⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/waː²¹ tʰɪŋ²¹/

/hua¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛŋ¹³/

/hua²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛŋ²⁴/

/xu̯ä³⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/waː²¹ tʰɪŋ²¹/

/hua¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛŋ¹³/

/hua²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛŋ²⁴/

(～鎮) Huating (a town in Chengxiang district, Putian, Fujian, China)


伊通

/i⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jiː⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/i⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jiː⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Yitong (a town in Yitong County, Siping, Jilin, China)


鷹手營子

ㄧㄥ ㄕㄡˇ ㄧㄥˊ ˙ㄗ

ㄧㄥ ㄕㄡˇ ㄧㄥˊ ˙ㄗ

/iŋ⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ iŋ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/iŋ⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ iŋ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

(～鎮) Yingshouyingzi (a town in Yingshouyingzi district, Chengde, Hebei, China)


白溝

/paɪ̯³⁵ koʊ̯⁵⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ koʊ̯⁵⁵/

(～新城, ～鎮) a new town in Baoding, Hebei, China


勾漏

/koʊ̯⁵⁵ loʊ̯⁵¹/

/koʊ̯⁵⁵ loʊ̯⁵¹/

(～村) a town in the Guangxi autonomous region, China


鞏昌

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Gongchang (a town in Longxi, Dingxi, Gansu, China)


雲澳

/yn³⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/huŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ o²¹³/

/yn³⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/huŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ o²¹³/

(～鎮) Yun'ao (a town in Nan'ao, Shantou, Shantou, China)


火井

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɔː³⁵ t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɔː³⁵ t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Huojing (a town in Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China)


合江

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐp̚² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hap̚²⁴⁻² kaŋ³³/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐp̚² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hap̚²⁴⁻² kaŋ³³/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² kaŋ⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Several towns across China:
a town in Maoming, Guangdong

a town in Shuangliu district, Chengdu, Sichuan

(～鎮) Several towns across China:
a town in Ya'an, Sichuan

a town in Sandu, Qiannan prefecture, Guizhou


泗州

/sz̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Sizhou (a town in Sizhou subprefecture, Jiangnan, in Qing-era China)


金口

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐm⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐm⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

(～鎮) Jinkou (a town in Jimo district, Qingdao, Shandong, China)


楓溪

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/paŋ³³⁻²³ kʰoi³³/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/paŋ³³⁻²³ kʰoi³³/

(～鎮) Fengxi (a town in Chao'an district, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China)


西臚

(～鎮) Xilu (a town in Chaoyang district, Shantou, Guangdong, China)


龍茗

/lʊŋ³⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/lʊŋ³⁵ miŋ³⁵/

Coined in 1916 with the creation of 龍茗縣 (“Longming county”) from the merger of the three tusi of 龍英土州, 全茗土州 and 茗盈土州.

(～鎮) Longming (a town in Tiandeng, Chongzuo, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


葉盛

→ English: Yesheng

/jɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/jɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

(～鎮) Yesheng (a town in Qingtongxia, Wuzhong, Ningxia autonomous region, China)


游埠

/joʊ̯³⁵ fu⁵¹/

/joʊ̯³⁵ fu⁵¹/

For pronunciation and definitions of 游埠 – see 遊埠 (“to travel abroad”).
(This term is the simplified form of 遊埠).
 Notes:
Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.
Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

zh-see

(～鎮) Youfu (a town in Lanxi, Jinhua Zhejiang, China)


稷峰

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Jifeng (a town in Jishan, Yuncheng, Shanxi, China)


西社

(～鎮) Xishe (a town in Jishan, Yuncheng, Shanxi, China)


化峪

/xu̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/xu̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

(～鎮) Huayu (a town in Jishan, Yuncheng, Shanxi, China)


格爾利茨

ㄍㄜˊ ㄦˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄘˊ

ㄍㄜˊ ㄦˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄘˊ

/kɤ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/


比紹夫斯韋達

ㄅㄧˇ ㄕㄠˋ ㄈㄨ ㄙ ㄨㄟˊ ㄉㄚˊ

ㄅㄧˇ ㄕㄠˋ ㄈㄨ ㄙ ㄨㄟˊ ㄉㄚˊ

Бишаофусывэйда

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ fu⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ tä³⁵/

Bischofswerda (a town in Saxony, Germany)


大洗

/tä⁵¹ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tä⁵¹ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大(おお)洗(あらい) (Ōarai).

(～町) Ōarai (a town in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


諾基亞

/nu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/nu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

Nokia (a town and municipality of Finland) near Tampere


哈桑

/xä⁵⁵ sɑŋ⁵⁵/

/xä⁵⁵ sɑŋ⁵⁵/

Khasan (an urban-type settlement in Khasansky district, Primorsky Krai, Russia)


斗山

/toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tɐu̯³⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tɐu̯³⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Doushan (a town in Taishan, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


皇后鎮

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄡˋ ㄓㄣˋ

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄡˋ ㄓㄣˋ

Хуанхоучжэнь

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ hɐu̯²² t͡sɐn³³/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ hɐu̯²² t͡sɐn³³/

Queenstown (a resort town in New Zealand)


西樵

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

(～鎮) Xiqiao (a town in Nanhai district, Foshan, Guangdong, China)


石澗

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sɛːk̚² kaːn³³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sɛːk̚² kaːn³³/

(～鎮) Shijian (a town in Wuwei, Wuhu, Anhui)

(～鎮) Shijian (a town in Guangning, Zhaoqing, Guangdong)


清水河

Phono-semantic matching of Shan ၶျိင်းသူၺ်ႁိူဝ်၊ (hkyaiinn suujh hiuuw)

psm

ၶျိင်းသူၺ်ႁိူဝ်၊

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄏㄜˊ

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄏㄜˊ

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵ hɔː²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵ hɔː²¹/

Chinshwehaw (a town in Laukkai district, Shan State, Myanmar)


二世古

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 二世古(ニセコ) (Niseko), kanji form of ニセコ (Niseko).

(～町) Niseko (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


蒂爾克奧盧

ㄉㄧˋ ㄦˇ ㄎㄜ ㄠˋ ㄌㄨˊ

ㄉㄧˋ ㄦˇ ㄎㄜ ㄠˋ ㄌㄨˊ

/ti⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ lu³⁵/

/ti⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ lu³⁵/

Türkoğlu (a town and district of Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey)


漢班托塔

ㄏㄢˋ ㄅㄢ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄊㄚˇ

ㄏㄢˋ ㄅㄢ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄊㄚˇ

Ханьбаньтота

/xän⁵¹ pän⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xän⁵¹ pän⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Southern Province
Southern Province#English

Hambantota (a town, the provincial capital of Southern Province, Sri Lanka)


阿雷利亞諾

ㄚ ㄌㄟˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ ㄋㄨㄛˋ

ㄚ ㄌㄟˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ ㄋㄨㄛˋ

/ˀä⁵⁵ leɪ̯³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ nu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ leɪ̯³⁵ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ leɪ̯³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ nu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ leɪ̯³⁵ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nu̯ɔ⁵¹/


斯塔福德

ㄙ ㄊㄚˇ ㄈㄨˊ ㄉㄜˊ

ㄙ ㄊㄚˇ ㄈㄨˊ ㄉㄜˊ

/sz̩⁵⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/sz̩⁵⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

Stafford (a town, the county town of Staffordshire, England)


皮斯河

/pʰi³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/pʰi³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/


奧克托克斯

ㄠˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙ

ㄠˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙ

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Okotoks (a town in Alberta, Canada)


科克倫

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

(～鎮) Cochrane (a town in Alberta, Canada)


坎莫爾

/kʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Canmore (a town in Alberta, Canada)


富勒頓

ㄈㄨˋ ㄌㄜˋ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

ㄈㄨˋ ㄌㄜˋ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/fuː³³ lɐk̚² tɵn²²/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/fuː³³ lɐk̚² tɵn²²/

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English

(～鎮) Fullarton (a town in Trinidad and Tobago)


磨丁

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Boten (a town in Luang Namtha Province, Laos)


冷湖

→ English: Lenghu

/lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/laːŋ¹³ wuː²¹/

/lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/laːŋ¹³ wuː²¹/

(～鎮) Lenghu (a town in Mangnai, Haixi prefecture, Qinghai, China)


維爾霍揚斯克

ㄨㄟˊ ㄦˇ ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄧㄤˊ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄨㄟˊ ㄦˇ ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄧㄤˊ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

Вэйэрхоянсыкэ

/weɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɔ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Russian Верхоя́нск (Verxojánsk). Compare 上揚斯克 /上扬斯克, a partial calque.

bor+

Verkhoyansk (a town in Sakha, Russia, known for being one of the coldest inhabited places on Earth)


德林達依

ㄉㄜˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄚˊ ㄧ

ㄉㄜˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄚˊ ㄧ

/tɤ³⁵ lin³⁵ tä³⁵ i⁵⁵/

/tɤ³⁵ lin³⁵ tä³⁵ i⁵⁵/

(～鎮)Tanintharyi (a town in Tanintharyi, Myanmar)


巴東勿剎

ㄅㄚ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄨˋ ㄕㄚ

ㄅㄚ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄨˋ ㄕㄚ

/pä⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ u⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ u⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵/

Padang Besar (a town in Perlis, Malaysia)


新雪谷

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄍㄨˇ

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄍㄨˇ

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 新(ニ)雪(セ)谷(コ) (Niseko), kanji form of ニセコ (Niseko).


金庭

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Jinting (a town in Suzhou, Jiangsu, China)


同登

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

Đồng Đăng (a town in Cao Lộc district, Lạng Sơn Province, Vietnam)


燕郊

/jɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Yanjiao (a town in Sanhe, Hebei, China)


均安

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Jun'an (a town in Shunde district, Foshan, Guangdong, China)


琅岐

/lɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ie⁵³/

/lɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ie⁵³/

(～鎮) Langqi (a town in Mawei district, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


喀比

/kʰä⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰä⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Krabi (a town in Krabi Province, Thailand)


輕井澤

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄗㄜˊ

ㄑㄧㄥ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄗㄜˊ

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɛːŋ³⁵ t͡saːk̚²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɛːŋ³⁵ t͡saːk̚²/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 軽井沢(かるいざわ) (Karuizawa).

(～町) Karuizawa (a town in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


占隴

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Zhanlong (a town in Puning, Jieyang, Guangdong, China)


泰加

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

Tayga (a town in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia)


庫克敦

/kʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

/kʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

Cooktown (a town in Queensland, Australia)


棉湖

/mi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ou⁵⁵/

/mi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ou⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Mianhu (a town in Jiexi, Jieyang, Guangdong, China)


茶陽

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Chayang (a town in Dabu, Meizhou, Guangdong, China)


百侯

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xoʊ̯³⁵/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xoʊ̯³⁵/

(～鎮) Baihou (a town in Dabu, Meizhou, Guangdong, China)


滸墅關

/ɕy²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/hɵy̯³⁵ sɵy̯¹³ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

/ɕy²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/hɵy̯³⁵ sɵy̯¹³ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

See 滸 /浒 for the pronunciation of this place name.

(～鎮) Xushuguan (a town in Huqiu district, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China)


湖寮

/xu³⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/xu³⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

(～鎮) Huliao (a town in Dabu, Meizhou, Guangdong, China)


劉胡蘭

ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄏㄨˊ ㄌㄢˊ

ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄏㄨˊ ㄌㄢˊ

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ xu³⁵ län³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ wuː²¹ laːn²¹/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ xu³⁵ län³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ wuː²¹ laːn²¹/

Named after Chinese communist spy Liu Hulan.

named-after

(～鎮) Liuhulan (a town in Wenshui, Lüliang, Shanxi, China)


仙本那

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

Semporna (a town and capital of the Semporna District, Tawau Division, Sabah, Malaysia)


務邊

/u⁵¹ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/u⁵¹ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Gopeng (a town in Kempar district, Perak, Malaysia)


馬來奕

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵ i⁵¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵ i⁵¹/

Kuala Belait (a town in the Belait District, Brunei)


詩里亞

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Seria (a town in the Belait District, Brunei)


石排

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² pʰaːi̯²¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² pʰaːi̯²¹/

(～鎮) Shipai (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


饒洋

/ʐɑʊ̯³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/ʐɑʊ̯³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Raoyang (a town in Raoping, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China)


習酒

/ɕi³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡saːp̚² t͡sɐu̯³⁵/

/ɕi³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡saːp̚² t͡sɐu̯³⁵/

Named after 習水 /习水 (Xíshuǐ), where this kind of liquor is produced. Unrelated to Xi Jinping.
The town's name is derived from this liquor.

(～鎮) Xijiu (a town in Xishui, Zunyi, Guizhou, China)


峇株巴轄

ㄅㄚ ㄓㄨ ㄅㄚ ㄒㄧㄚˊ

ㄅㄚ ㄓㄨ ㄅㄚ ㄒㄧㄚˊ

/pä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ t͡syː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ hɐt̚²/

/ba²³⁻²¹ tu³³⁻²¹ pa³³⁻²¹ hat̚³/

/ba²⁴⁻²¹ tu⁴⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² hat̚³²/

/ba²⁴⁻²² tu³³ pa³³ hat̚⁵³/

/pä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ t͡syː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ hɐt̚²/

/ba²³⁻²¹ tu³³⁻²¹ pa³³⁻²¹ hat̚³/

/ba²⁴⁻²¹ tu⁴⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² hat̚³²/

/ba²⁴⁻²² tu³³ pa³³ hat̚⁵³/

(～市, ～縣) Batu Pahat (a town and district of Johor, Malaysia)


都斛

/u³³ fɵk̚³²/

/u³³ fɵk̚³²/

(～鎮) Duhu (a town in Taishan, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


適耕莊

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ kɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ kɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of Malay Sekinchan.

psm

Sekinchan (a town in Sabak Bernam district, Selangor, Malaysia)


巴西班讓

ㄅㄚ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄢ ㄖㄤˋ

ㄅㄚ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄢ ㄖㄤˋ

Баси Баньжан

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ pän⁵⁵ ʐɑŋ⁵¹/

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ pän⁵⁵ ʐɑŋ⁵¹/

a town in Port Dickson district, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia


金馬崙高原

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄍㄠ ㄩㄢˊ

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄍㄠ ㄩㄢˊ

Цзиньмалунь Гаоюань

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ maː¹³ lɵn²¹ kou̯⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/kim³³ be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun³³ ko³³ ɡuan²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan¹³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ maː¹³ lɵn²¹ kou̯⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/

/kim³³ be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun³³ ko³³ ɡuan²⁴/

Borrowed from English Cameron + 高原 (gāoyuán), partial calque of English Cameron Highlands.

pclq

(～縣) Cameron Highlands (a hill station and district of Pahang, Malaysia)


北根

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kən⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɐn⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kən⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɐn⁵⁵/

(～市, ～縣) Pekan (a town and district of Pahang, Malaysia)


勞勿

/lɑʊ̯³⁵ u⁵¹/

/lɑʊ̯³⁵ u⁵¹/

(～市, ～縣) Raub (a town and district of Pahang, Malaysia)


雲冰

/wɐn²¹ pɪŋ⁵⁵/

/wɐn²¹ pɪŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Kuala Rompin (a town in Rompin district, Pahang, Malaysia)


樟崙

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ lɵn²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ lɵn²¹/

Borrowed from Malay Changlun, from Thai ช้างหล่น (cháang-lòn, literally “Fallen Elephant”).

der

Changlun (a town in Kubang Pasu district, Kedah, Malaysia)


仕林河

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ lin³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ lin³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

Borrowed from English Slim + 河 (hé), partial calque of English Slim River.

Slim River (a town in Muallim district, Perak, Malaysia)


朱蓋

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ kɔːi̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ kɔːi̯³³/

Borrowed from Malay Chukai, from cukai (“tax”), from Tamil சுங்கம் (cuṅkam).

(～市) Chukai (a town in Kemaman district, Terengganu, Malaysia)


他曲

/tʰä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/tʰä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

Thakhek (a town and capital of Khammouane Province, Laos)


崇武

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Chongwu (a town in Hui'an, Quanzhou, Fujian, China)


司馬浦

/sz̩⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/si³³⁻²³ be⁵²⁻³⁵ pʰou⁵²⁻²¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/si³³⁻²³ be⁵²⁻³⁵ pʰou⁵²⁻²¹/

(～鎮) Simapu (a town in Chaonan district, Shantou, Guangdong, China)


兩英

/li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ iŋ⁵⁵/

/liaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ eŋ³³/

/li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ iŋ⁵⁵/

/liaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ eŋ³³/

(～鎮) Liangying (a town in Chaonan district, Shantou, Guangdong, China)


洪陽

/xʊŋ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iaŋ⁵⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iaŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Hongyang (a town in Puning, Jieyang, Guangdong, China)


梅隴

/meɪ̯³⁵ lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/meɪ̯³⁵ lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Meilong (a town in Shanghai, China)

(～鎮) Meilong (a town in Haifeng, Shanwei, Guangdong, China)


得撒

(Can we date this quote?), “Joshua 12:24”, in The Bible (Chinese Union Version):

The king of Tirzah, one. All the kings thirty and one.

Yī ge shì désǎ wáng, gòngjì sānshíyī ge wáng.

一個是得撒王，共計三十一個王。

一个是得撒王，共计三十一个王。

(Protestantism) Tirzah (a town in Israel)


大嶺山

/tä⁵¹ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² lɪŋ¹³ saːn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² lɪŋ¹³ saːn⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Dalingshan (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


高埗

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pu⁵¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pu⁵¹/

(～鎮) Gaobu (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


石碣

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kʰiːt̚³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kʰiːt̚³/

(～鎮) Shijie (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


大朗

/tä⁵¹ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² lɔːŋ¹³/

/tä⁵¹ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² lɔːŋ¹³/

(～鎮) Dalang (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


企石

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/kʰei̯¹³ sɛːk̚²/

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/kʰei̯¹³ sɛːk̚²/

(～鎮) Qishi (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


橫瀝

/xɤŋ³⁵ li⁵¹/

/waːŋ²¹ lɪk̚⁵/

/waːŋ²¹ lɪk̚²/

/xɤŋ³⁵ li⁵¹/

/waːŋ²¹ lɪk̚⁵/

/waːŋ²¹ lɪk̚²/

(～鎮) Hengli (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


寮步

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ pu⁵¹/

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ pu⁵¹/

(～鎮) Liaobu (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


麻涌

/mä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/maː²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/mä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/maː²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Machong (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


望牛墩

ㄨㄤˋ ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄉㄨㄣ

ㄨㄤˋ ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄉㄨㄣ

/wɑŋ⁵¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

/mɔːŋ²² ŋɐu̯²¹ tɵn⁵⁵/

/wɑŋ⁵¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

/mɔːŋ²² ŋɐu̯²¹ tɵn⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Wangniudun (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


道滘

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(～鎮) Daojiao (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


洪梅

/xʊŋ³⁵ meɪ̯³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ muːi̯²¹/

/xʊŋ³⁵ meɪ̯³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ muːi̯²¹/

(～鎮) Hongmei (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


黃江

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Huangjiang (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


謝崗

/ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɛː²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɛː²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Xiegang (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


鳳崗

/fɤŋ⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊŋ²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊŋ²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Fengjiang (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


塗嶺

/tʰu³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɔu¹³⁻¹¹ nia⁴⁵³/

/tʰɔu²⁴⁻²¹ nia³³²/

/tʰu³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɔu¹³⁻¹¹ nia⁴⁵³/

/tʰɔu²⁴⁻²¹ nia³³²/

(～鎮) Tuling (a town in Quangang district, Quanzhou, Fujian, China)


峰尾

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muei⁴⁵³/

/pʰaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muei³³²/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muei⁴⁵³/

/pʰaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muei³³²/

(～鎮) Fengwei (a town in Quangang district, Quanzhou, Fujian, China)


嵩口

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɬiŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((kʰ-))ŋau⁴⁵³/

/ɬiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((kʰ-))ŋau³³²/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɬiŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((kʰ-))ŋau⁴⁵³/

/ɬiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((kʰ-))ŋau³³²/

(～鎮) Songkou (a town in Yongtai, Quanzhou, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Songkou (a town in Qingliu, Sanming, Fujian, China)


上逕

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/ɬieu¹¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ia⁴²/

/ɬĩũ²¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ĩã⁴²/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/ɬieu¹¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ia⁴²/

/ɬĩũ²¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ĩã⁴²/

(～鎮) Shangjing (a town in Fuqing, Fujian, China)


東張

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/taŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nieu⁵³³/

/taŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾niu⁵⁴⁴/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/taŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nieu⁵³³/

/taŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾niu⁵⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Dongzhang (a town in Fuqing, Fujian, China)


三饒

/sän⁵⁵ ʐɑʊ̯³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ʐɑʊ̯³⁵/

(～鎮) Sanrao (a town in Raoping, Chaozhou, Guangdong)


三發

/sän⁵⁵ fä⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ fä⁵⁵/

Sambas (a town in Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan, Indonesia)


關埠

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ pou³³/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ pou³³/

(～鎮) Guanbu (a town in Chaoyang district, Shantou, Guangdong, China)


烏魯地南

ㄨ ㄌㄨˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄋㄢˊ

ㄨ ㄌㄨˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄋㄢˊ

/u⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/u⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ nän³⁵/

(～市) Ulu Tiram (a town in Johor Bahru district, Johor, Malaysia)


礦水城

ㄎㄨㄤˋ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄔㄥˊ

ㄎㄨㄤˋ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄔㄥˊ

/kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kʷʰɔːŋ³³ sɵy̯³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kʷʰɔːŋ³³ sɵy̯³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

Calque of Russian Минеральные Воды (Mineralʹnyje Vody, “mineral waters”).

calque

Минеральные Воды

Mineralnye Vody (a town in Stavropol Krai, Russia)


莘莊

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɑ̃²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɑ̃²¹/

(～鎮) Xinzhuang (a town in Minhang district, Shanghai, China)


羅涇

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/lɔː²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/lɔː²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Luojing (a town in Baoshan district, Shanghai, China)


羅店

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/lɔː²¹ tiːm³³/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/lɔː²¹ tiːm³³/

(～鎮) Luodian (a town in Baoshan district, Shanghai, China)


月浦

/ɥɛ⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ pʰu²³/

/ɦioʔ¹¹ pʰu²³/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɦyɪʔ¹¹ pʰu²³/

/ɦioʔ¹¹ pʰu²³/

(～鎮) Yuepu (a town in Baoshan district, Shanghai, China)


巴昔卡

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Pasighat (a town in Arunachal Pradesh, India, claimed by China)


榜頭

/pɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/pɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

(～鎮) Bangtou (a town in Xianyou, Putian, Fujian, China)


常太

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

(～鎮) Changtai (a town in Chengxiang district, Putian, Fujian, China)


西天尾

/ɕi⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

se¹ teng¹ buei³ [Phonetic:se⁵ leng⁵ muei³]

/ɬe⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((tʰ-))lɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muei⁴⁵³/

/ɬe⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))lɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muei³³²/

/ɕi⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Xitianwei (a town in Licheng district, Putian, Fujian, China)


新度

/ɬiŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɔu¹¹/

/ɬiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɔu²¹/

/ɬiŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɔu¹¹/

/ɬiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɔu²¹/

(～鎮) Xindu (a town in Licheng district, Putian, Fujian, China)


北高

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/paʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kɒ⁵³³/

/paʔ²⁻⁴ kɒ⁵⁴⁴/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/paʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kɒ⁵³³/

/paʔ²⁻⁴ kɒ⁵⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Beigao (a town in Licheng district, Putian, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Beigao (a town in Feixiang district, Handan, Hebei, China)


三江口

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

sang¹ gang¹ kao³ [Phonetic:sang⁵ ngang⁵ ngao³]

/ɬaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((kʰ-))ŋau⁴⁵³/

/ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((kʰ-))ŋau³³²/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Sanjiangkou (a town in Hanjiang district, Putian, Fujian, China)


白塘

/paɪ̯³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/pɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ tɒŋ¹³/

/pɛʔ⁴⁻² tɒŋ²⁴/

/paɪ̯³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/pɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ tɒŋ¹³/

/pɛʔ⁴⁻² tɒŋ²⁴/

(～鎮) Baitang (a town in Hanjiang district, Putian, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Baitang (a town in Miluo district, Yueyang, Hunan, China)


國歡

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ xu̯än⁵⁵/

/kɒʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ huaŋ⁵³³/

/kɒʔ²⁻⁴ huoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ xu̯än⁵⁵/

/kɒʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ huaŋ⁵³³/

/kɒʔ²⁻⁴ huoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

Named after the Guohuan Temple within its administration.

(～鎮) Guohuan (a town in Hanjiang district, Putian, Fujian, China)


梧塘

/u³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/kɔu¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾luŋ¹³/

/kɔu²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lŋ̍²⁴/

/u³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/kɔu¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾luŋ¹³/

/kɔu²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lŋ̍²⁴/

(～鎮) Wutang (a town in Hanjiang district, Putian, Fujian, China)


萩蘆

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ lu³⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³³⁻¹¹ lɔu¹³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ lɔu²⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ lu³⁵/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³³⁻¹¹ lɔu¹³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ lɔu²⁴/

(～鎮) Qiulu (a town in Hanjiang district, Putian, Fujian, China)


莊邊

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡suŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾miŋ⁵³³/

/t͡sŋ̍⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾miŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡suŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾miŋ⁵³³/

/t͡sŋ̍⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾miŋ⁵⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Zhuangbian (a town in Hanjiang district, Putian, Fujian, China)


新縣

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ɬiŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋe¹¹/

/ɬiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ɬiŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋe¹¹/

/ɬiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi²¹/

(～鎮) Xinxian (a town in Mengcun Hui, Cangzhou, Hebei, China)

(～鎮) Xinxian (a town in Hanjiang district, Putian, Fujian, China)


笏石

/xu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/xu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

Originally 徛石 (literally “standing stone”), named after a stone standing naturally on a hill.

(～鎮) Hushi (a town in Xiuyu district, Putian, Fujian, China)


東莊

/xu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/taŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))nŋ̍⁵⁴⁴/

/xu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/taŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))nŋ̍⁵⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Dongzhuang (a town in Xiuyu district, Putian, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Dongzhuang (a town in Ningyang district, Tai'an, Shandong, China)

(～鎮) Dongzhuang (a town in Neihuang, Anyang, Henan, China)