蒙哥馬利

ㄇㄥˊ ㄍㄜ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄧˋ

/mɤŋ³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/

/mɤŋ³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/

Montgomery (a city, the state capital of Alabama, United States)


蘇伊士

/su⁵⁵ i⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sou̯⁵⁵ jiː⁵⁵ siː²²/

/su⁵⁵ i⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sou̯⁵⁵ jiː⁵⁵ siː²²/


奧爾巴尼

ㄠˋ ㄦˇ ㄅㄚ ㄋㄧˊ

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ ni³⁵/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ ni³⁵/

Albany (a city, the state capital of New York, United States)


德梅因

/tɤ³⁵ meɪ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/

/tɤ³⁵ meɪ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵/

(～市) Des Moines (a city, the state capital of Iowa, United States)

(～市) Des Moines (a city in Washington, United States)


鹽湖城

/jɛn³⁵ xu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jiːm²¹ wuː²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/jɛn³⁵ xu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jiːm²¹ wuː²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

Salt Lake City (a city, the state capital of Utah, United States)


查爾斯頓

ㄔㄚˊ ㄦˇ ㄙ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/


博伊西

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ i⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/pɔːk̚³ jiː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ i⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/pɔːk̚³ jiː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

(Mainland China) Boise (a city, the state capital of Idaho, United States)


下關

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/haː²² kʷaːn⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/haː²² kʷaːn⁵⁵/

(～市) Shimonoseki (a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan)


辛辛那提

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄋㄚˋ ㄊㄧˊ

Синьсиньнати

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ nä⁵¹ tʰi³⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² sin⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe²⁴/

/sin³³ sin³³ nã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰe²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² sin⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ sin⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ sin⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰe²³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ nä⁵¹ tʰi³⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² sin⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe²⁴/

/sin³³ sin³³ nã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰe²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² sin⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ sin⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰe²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ sin⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰe²³/

2006, 王旭, 美国城市发展模式: 从城市化到大都市区化 [The Patterns of American Urban Development: From Urbanization to Metropolitanization], 清华大学出版社 [Tsinghua University Press], →ISBN, page 50:

Dāngrán, zài 19 shìjì shàng bàn qī, Xīnxīnnàtí yǔ nánbù jīngjì liánjì gèng mìqiè, yǔ dōngbù chéngshì de liánjì zhǐ chùyú fǔzhù dìlǐ.

當然，在19世紀上半期，辛辛那提與南部經濟聯繫更密切，與東部城市的聯繫只處於輔助地理。

当然，在19世纪上半期，辛辛那提与南部经济联系更密切，与东部城市的联系只处于辅助地理。

Cincinnati attracted many immigrants, among which Germans and Irish were the most populous.

Xīnxīnnàtí xīyǐn le hěnduō yímín, qízhōng yǐ Déguórén hé Ài'ěrlánrén zuìduō.

辛辛那提吸引了很多移民，其中以德國人和愛爾蘭人最多。

辛辛那提吸引了很多移民，其中以德国人和爱尔兰人最多。

Cincinnati (a city in Ohio, United States)


山打根

/ʂän⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kən⁵⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ taː³⁵ kɐn⁵⁵/

/ʂän⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kən⁵⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ taː³⁵ kɐn⁵⁵/

1891, 薛福成 [Xue Fucheng], 出使英法義比四國日記, volume 3, page 23:

Yòu Shāndǎgēn běn xì Yīng gōngsī zūdì, suǒ zū zài Bānniǎo quán dǎo bùguò sì fēn zhī yī, dìshì piān běi, hào Běibānniǎo, zhōuwéi yǒu shí wàn fānglǐ. Ér Shāndǎgēn běn gǎng, nèidì hédào shènduō, yí yú zhǒngzhí.

又山打根本係英公司租地，所租在般鳥全島不過四分之一，地勢偏北，號北般鳥，周圍有十萬方里。而山打根本港，內地河道甚多，宜於種植。

又山打根本系英公司租地，所租在般鸟全岛不过四分之一，地势偏北，号北般鸟，周围有十万方里。而山打根本港，内地河道甚多，宜于种植。

(～市) Sandakan (a city in Sabah, Malaysia)


皮爾

/pʰi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰei̯²¹ jiː¹³/

/pʰi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰei̯²¹ jiː¹³/

Pierre (the capital city of South Dakota, United States)


特倫頓

ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

/tʰɤ⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/tʰɤ⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

Trenton (a city, the state capital of New Jersey, United States)


傑斐遜城

ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄈㄟˇ ㄒㄩㄣˋ ㄔㄥˊ

Цзефэйсюнь Чэн

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ feɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕyn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ feɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕyn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Jefferson City (a city, the state capital of Missouri, United States)


宿霧

/su⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ bu⁴¹/

/su⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ bu⁴¹/

(～市, formerly ～埠) Cebu City (a city in Cebu, Philippines)


阿加尼亞

ㄚ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄚ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˇ

/ˀä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


赫勒拿

/xɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹ nä³⁵/

/xɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹ nä³⁵/

Helena (a city, the state capital of Montana, United States)


歸綏

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ sɵy̯⁵⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ sɵy̯⁵⁵/

As the name of the city now called Hohhot, from 歸化／归化 (Guīhuà) + 綏遠／绥远 (Suíyuǎn), the names of the two towns that merged to form Guisui in 1913.

zh-l

歸化／归化 (Guīhuà)

綏遠／绥远 (Suíyuǎn)

(～縣, ～市) Guisui (a former county and city in Suiyuan province, China; now Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China)


夏洛特阿馬利亞

ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄚ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄚ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ

Сялотэ Амалия

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹ ˀä⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹ ˀä⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


卡森城

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Carson City (a city, the state capital of Nevada, United States)


普羅維登斯

ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄉㄥ ㄙ

Пуловэйдэнсы

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

Providence (a city, the state capital of Rhode Island, United States)


奧林匹亞

ㄠˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄆㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄠˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄆㄧˇ ㄧㄚˇ

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ lin³⁵ pʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ lin³⁵ pʰi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ lin³⁵ pʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ lin³⁵ pʰi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Olympia (the capital city of Washington, United States)


二戶

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu⁵¹/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 二戸 (Ninohe).

obor

(～市) Ninohe (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)


瀧川

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 滝川 (Takikawa).

(～市) Takikawa (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


下妻

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 下妻 (Shimotsuma).

(～市) Shimotsuma (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


能代

/nɤŋ³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/nɤŋ³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 能代 (Noshiro).

(～市) Noshiro (a city in Akita Prefecture, Japan)


大船渡

ㄉㄚˋ ㄔㄨㄢˊ ㄉㄨˋ

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵ tu⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵ tu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大船渡 (Ōfunato).

(～市) Ōfunato (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)


湯澤

/tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 湯沢 (Yuzawa).

(～市) Yuzawa (a city in Akita Prefecture, Japan)


登別

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 登別 (Noboribetsu).

(～市) Noboribetsu (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


行田

/ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 行田 (Gyōda).

(～市) Gyōda (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


八戶

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 八戸 (Hachinohe).

(～市) Hachinohe (a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan)


黑石

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 黒石 (Kuroishi).

(～市) Kuroishi (a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan)


津輕

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 津軽 (Tsugaru).

(～市) Tsugaru (a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan)


石卷

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 石巻 (Ishinomaki).

(～市) Ishinomaki (a city in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan)


由利本莊

ㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄅㄣˇ ㄓㄨㄤ

Юлибэньчжуан

/joʊ̯³⁵ li⁵¹ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/joʊ̯³⁵ li⁵¹ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 由利本荘 (Yurihonjō).

(～市) Yurihonjō (a city in Akita Prefecture, Japan)


名取

/miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 名取 (Natori).

(～市) Natori (a city in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan)


帶廣

/taɪ̯⁵¹ ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taɪ̯⁵¹ ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 帯広 (Obihiro).

(～市) Obihiro (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


奧州

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 奥州 (Ōshū).

(～市) Ōshū (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)


東根

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kən⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kən⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 東根 (Higashine).

(～市) Higashine (a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


東松島

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ sʊŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ sʊŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 東松島 (Higashimatsushima).

(～市) Higashimatsushima (a city in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan)


牛久

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 牛久 (Ushiku).

(～市) Ushiku (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


那珂

/nä⁵¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵/

/nä⁵¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 那珂 (Naka).

(～市) Naka (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


陸奧

/lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 陸奥 (Mutsu).

(～市) Mutsu (a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan)


北秋田

ㄅㄟˇ ㄑㄧㄡ ㄊㄧㄢˊ

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 北秋田 (Kitaakita).

(～市) Kitaakita (a city in Akita Prefecture, Japan)


陸前高田

ㄌㄨˋ ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄍㄠ ㄊㄧㄢˊ

Луцяньгаотянь

/lu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/lu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 陸前高田 (Rikuzentakata).

(～市) Rikuzentakata (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)


惠庭

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ tʰiŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 恵(え)庭(にわ) (Eniwa).

(～市) Eniwa (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


十和田

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ xɤ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ xɤ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 十和田 (Towada).

(～市) Towada (a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan)


蘆別

/lu³⁵ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

/lu³⁵ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 蘆別 (Ashibetsu).

(～市) Ashibetsu (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


登米

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 登米 (Tome).

(～市) Tome (a city in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan)


八幡平

/pä⁵⁵ fän⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ fän⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 八幡平 (Hachimantai).

(～市) Hachimantai (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)


澀川

/sɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/sɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 渋川 (Shibukawa).

(～市) Shibukawa (a city in Gunma Prefecture, Japan)


岩沼

/jɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 岩沼 (Iwanuma).

(～市) Iwanuma (a city in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan)


二本松

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 二本松 (Nihonmatsu).

(～市) Nihonmatsu (a city in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan)


尾花澤

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 尾花沢 (Obanazawa).

(～市) Obanazawa (a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


常總

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 常總 (Jōsō).

(～市) Jōsō (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


橫手

/xɤŋ³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xɤŋ³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 横手 (Yokote).

(～市) Yokote (a city in Akita Prefecture, Japan)


今市

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 今市 (Imaichi).

(～市) Imaichi (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)


伊勢崎

/i⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/i⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 伊勢崎 (Isesaki).

(～市) Isesaki (a city in Gunma Prefecture, Japan)


真岡

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 真岡 (Mooka).

(～市) Mooka (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)


神栖

/ʂən³⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/ʂən³⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

(～市) Kamisu (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


氣仙沼

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 気仙沼 (Kesennuma).

(～市) Kesennuma (a city in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan)


潮來

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 潮来 (Itako).

(～市) Itako (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


稻敷

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 稲敷 (Inashiki).

(～市) Inashiki (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


鹽竈

/jɛn³⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/jɛn³⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 塩竈 (Shiogama).

(～市) Shiogama (a city in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan)


所澤

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 所沢 (Tokorozawa).

(～市) Tokorozawa (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


喜多方

/ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 喜多方 (Kitakata).

(～市) Kitakata (a city in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan)


矢板

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 矢板 (Yaita).

(～市) Yaita (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)


久喜

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 久喜 (Kuki).

(～市) Kuki (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


南相馬

ㄋㄢˊ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄇㄚˇ

/nän³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nän³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 南相馬 (Minamisōma).

(～市) Minamisōma (a city in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan)


安中

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 安中 (Annaka).

(～市) Annaka (a city in Gunma Prefecture, Japan)


北見

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 北見 (Kitami).

(～市) Kitami (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


志木

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 志木 (Shiki).

(～市) Shiki (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


鉾田

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

(～市) Hokota (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


會津若松

ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄖㄨㄛˋ ㄙㄨㄥ

Хуэйцзиньжосун

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/wuːi̯²² t͡sɵn⁵⁵ jœːk̚² t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/wuːi̯²² t͡sɵn⁵⁵ jœːk̚² t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 会津若松 (Aizuwakamatsu).

(～市) Aizuwakamatsu (a city in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan)


鶴島

/xɤ⁵¹ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xɤ⁵¹ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 鶴ヶ島 (Tsurugashima).

(～市) Tsurugashima (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


笠間

/li⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/li⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 笠間 (Kasama).

(～市) Kasama (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


一關

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 一関 (Ichinoseki).

(～市) Ichinoseki (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)


櫻川

/iŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/iŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 桜川 (Sakuragawa).

(～市) Sakuragawa (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


歌志內

/kɤ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/kɤ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ neɪ̯⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 歌志内 (Utashinai).

(～市) Utashinai (a city in Hokkaidō prefecture, Japan)


君津

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 君津 (Kimitsu).

(～市) Kimitsu (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


加須

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕy⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕy⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 加須 (Kazo).

(～市) Kazo (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


常陸大宮

ㄔㄤˊ ㄌㄨˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄍㄨㄥ

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 常陸大宮 (Hitachiōmiya).

(～市) Hitachiōmiya (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


常陸那珂

ㄔㄤˊ ㄌㄨˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄜ

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Japanese ひたちなか (Hitachinaka).

(～市) Hitachinaka (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


新座

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 新座 (Niiza).

(～市) Niiza (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


北茨城

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 北茨城 (Kitaibaraki).

(～市) Kitaibaraki (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


鴻巢

/xʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 鴻巣 (Kōnosu).

(～市) Kōnosu (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


小美玉

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ y⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ y⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 小美玉 (Omitama).

(～市) Omitama (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


幸手

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 幸手 (Satte).

(～市) Satte (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


那須鹽原

ㄋㄚˋ ㄒㄩ ㄧㄢˊ ㄩㄢˊ

Насюйяньюань

/nä⁵¹ ɕy⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/nä⁵¹ ɕy⁵⁵ jɛn³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 那須塩原 (Nasushiobara).

(～市) Nasushiobara (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)


桶川

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 桶川 (Okegawa).

(～市) Okegawa (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


印西

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 印西 (Inzai).

(～市) Inzai (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


狹山

/ɕi̯ä³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ä³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 狭山 (Sayama).

(～市) Sayama (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


木更津

/mu⁵¹ kɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/mu⁵¹ kɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 木更津 (Kisarazu).

(～市) Kisarazu (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


夷隅

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese いすみ (Isumi).

(～市) Isumi (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


東松山

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ sʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ sʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 東松山 (Higashimatsuyama).

(～市) Higashimatsuyama (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


潟上

/ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 潟上 (Katagami).

(～市) Katagami (a city in Akita Prefecture, Japan)


茂原

/mɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/mɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 茂原 (Mobara).

(～市) Mobara (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


坂戶

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu⁵¹/

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 坂戸 (Sakado).

(～市) Sakado (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


香取

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 香取 (Katori).

(～市) Katori (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


那須烏山

/nä⁵¹ ɕy⁵⁵ u⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/nä⁵¹ ɕy⁵⁵ u⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 那須烏山 (Nasukarasuyama).

(～市) Nasukarasuyama (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)


羽村

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 羽村 (Hamura).


小金井

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄥˇ

Сяоцзиньцзин

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 小金井 (Koganei).


茅崎

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 茅ヶ崎 (Chigasaki).

(～市) Chigasaki (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


松戶

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ xu⁵¹/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ xu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 松戸 (Matsudo).

(～市) Matsudo (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


昭島

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 昭島 (Akishima).


館山

/ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 館山 (Tateyama).

(～市) Tateyama (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


蓮田

/li̯ɛn³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 蓮田 (Hasuda).

(～市) Hasuda (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


富津

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 富津 (Futtsu).

(～市) Futtsu (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


勝浦

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 勝浦 (Katsuura).

(～市) Katsuura (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


狛江

/pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/


士別

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 士別 (Shibetsu).

(～市) Shibetsu (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


多摩

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 多摩 (Tama).


絲魚川

/sz̩⁵⁵ y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/sz̩⁵⁵ y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

(～市) Itoigawa (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


名寄

/miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 名寄 (Nayoro).

(～市) Nayoro (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


山武

/ʂän⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂän⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 山武 (Sanmu).

(～市) Sanmu (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


橫須賀

/xɤŋ³⁵ ɕy⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹/

/xɤŋ³⁵ ɕy⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 横須賀 (Yokosuka).

(～市) Yokosuka (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


館林

/ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵/

/ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 館林 (Tatebayashi).

(～市) Tatebayashi (a city in Gunma Prefecture, Japan)


四街道

/sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 四街道 (Yotsukaidō).

(～市) Yotsukaidō (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


東金

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 東金 (Tōgane).

(～市) Tōgane (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


霞浦

desc

→ English: Hsia-p'u, Hsiapu, Siapu, Xiapu

/ɕi̯ä³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː²¹ pʰou̯³⁵/

/ha²⁴⁻²² pʰɔ⁵³/

/ɕi̯ä³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː²¹ pʰou̯³⁵/

/ha²⁴⁻²² pʰɔ⁵³/

(～市) Kasumigaura (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


東大和

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 東大和 (Higashiyamato).


福生

/fu³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/fu³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 福生 (Fussa).


國分寺

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ fən⁵⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ fən⁵⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 国分寺 (Kokubunji).


秋留野

ㄑㄧㄡ ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄧㄝˇ

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


東久留米

ㄉㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄇㄧˇ

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 東久留米 (Higashikurume).

(～市) Higashikurume, Tōkyō Metropolis, Japan


清瀨

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ laɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ laɪ̯⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 清瀬 (Kiyose).


西東京

/ɕi⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 西東京 (Nishitōkyō).

(～市) Nishitōkyō, Tōkyō Metropolis, Japan


小樽

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su̯ən⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su̯ən⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 小樽 (Otaru).

(～市) Otaru (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


岩見澤

ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄗㄜˊ

/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 岩見沢 (Iwamizawa).

(～市) Iwamizawa (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


多賀城

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 多賀城 (Tagajō).

(～市) Tagajō (a city in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan)


鹿嶋

/lu⁵¹ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu⁵¹ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～市) Kashima (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


射水

/ʂɤ⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂɤ⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 射水 (Imizu).

(～市) Imizu (a city in Toyama Prefecture, Japan)


浦安

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 浦安 (Urayasu).

(～市) Urayasu (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


富士見野

ㄈㄨˋ ㄕˋ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄧㄝˇ

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～市) Fujimino (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


流山

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 流山 (Nagareyama).

(～市) Nagareyama (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


深川

/ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 深川 (Fukagawa).

(～市) Fukagawa (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


礪波

/li⁵¹ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/li⁵¹ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 礪波 (Tonami).

(～市) Tonami (a city in Toyama Prefecture, Japan)


綾瀨

/liŋ³⁵ laɪ̯⁵¹/

/liŋ³⁵ laɪ̯⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 綾瀬 (Ayase).

(～市) Ayase (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


胎內

/tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 胎内 (Tainai).

(～市) Tainai (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


富里

/fu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ li⁵³/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ li⁵⁵⁴/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ li⁵³/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ li⁵³/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ li⁴¹/

/fu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ li⁵³/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ li⁵⁵⁴/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ li⁵³/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ li⁵³/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ li⁴¹/

(～市) Tomisato (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


座間

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 座間 (Zama).

(～市) Zama (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


新發田

/ɕin⁵⁵ fä⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ fä⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 新発田 (Shibata).

(～市) Shibata (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


袖浦

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 袖ケ浦 (Sodegaura).

(～市) Sodegaura (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


龍崎

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 龍ケ崎 (Ryūgasaki).

/lʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kia²²/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kia⁴¹/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² kia²²/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kia³³/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ kia³³/

/lʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kia²²/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kia⁴¹/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² kia²²/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kia³³/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ kia³³/

(～市) Ryūgasaki (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


仙北

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 仙(せん)北(ぼく) (Senboku).

(～市) Senboku (a city in Akita Prefecture, Japan)


武藏村山

ㄨˇ ㄘㄤˊ ㄘㄨㄣ ㄕㄢ

Уцанцуньшань

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 武蔵村山 (Musashimurayama).

(～市) Musashimurayama, Tōkyō Metropolis, Japan


羽咋

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 羽咋 (Hakui).

(～市) Hakui (a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


五泉

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 五泉 (Gosen).

(～市) Gosen (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


都留

/tu⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/tu⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 都留 (Tsuru).

(～市) Tsuru (a city in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan)


土浦

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 土浦 (Tsuchiura).

(～市) Tsuchiura (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


勝山

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 勝山 (Katsuyama).

(～市) Katsuyama (a city in Fukui Prefecture, Japan)


赤平

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 赤平 (Akabira).

(～市) Akabira (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


見附

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 見附 (Mitsuke).

(～市) Mitsuke (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


守谷

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 守谷 (Moriya).

(～市) Moriya (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


冰見

/piŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/piŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 氷見 (Himi).

(～市) Himi (a city in Toyama Prefecture, Japan)


取手

/t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 取手 (Toride).

(～市) Toride (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


伊勢原

/i⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/i⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 伊勢原 (Isehara).

(～市) Isehara (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


十日町

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹ tʰiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹ tʰiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 十日町 (Tōkamachi).

(～市) Tōkamachi (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


留萌

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 留萌 (Rumoi).

(～市) Rumoi (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


魚沼

/y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 魚沼 (Uonuma).

(～市) Uonuma (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


阿賀野

/ˀä⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀä⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 阿賀野 (Agano).

(～市) Agano (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


美唄

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 美唄 (Bibai).

(～市) Bibai (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


鯖江

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 鯖江 (Sabae).

(～市) Sabae (a city in Fukui Prefecture, Japan)


苫小牧

/ʂän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹/

/ʂän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 苫小牧 (Tomakomai).

(～市) Tomakomai (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


戶田

/xu⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/xu⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 戸田(とだ) (Toda).

(～市) Toda (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


南礪

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 南砺 (Nanto).

(～市) Nanto (a city in Toyama Prefecture, Japan)


三鄉

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 三郷 (Misato).

/sän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Misato (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


草加

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 草加 (Sōka).

(～市) Sōka (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


和光

/xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 和光 (Wakō).

(～市) Wakō (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


天童

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 天童 (Tendō).

(～市) Tendō (a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


能美

/nɤŋ³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɤŋ³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 能美 (Nomi).

(～市) Nomi (a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


旭川

/ɕy⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/ɕy⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 旭川 (Asahikawa).

(～市) Asahikawa (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


蘆原

/lu³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/lu³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese あわら (Awara).

(～市) Awara (a city in Fukui Prefecture, Japan)


寒河江

/xän³⁵ xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/xän³⁵ xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 寒河江 (Sagae).

(～市) Sagae (a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


五所川原

ㄨˇ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄩㄢˊ

Усочуаньюань

/u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 五所川原 (Goshogawara).

(～市) Goshogawara (a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan)


韮崎

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 韮崎 (Nirasaki).

(～市) Nirasaki (a city in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan)


習志野

/ɕi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 習志野 (Narashino).

(～市) Narashino (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


北廣島

ㄅㄟˇ ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄉㄠˇ

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 北(きた)広(ひろ)島(しま) (Kitahiroshima).

(～市) Kitahiroshima (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


上野原

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 上野原 (Uenohara).

(～市) Uenohara (a city in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan)


笛吹

/ti³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/ti³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 笛吹 (Fuefuki).

(～市) Fuefuki (a city in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan)


北杜

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 北杜 (Hokuto).

(～市) Hokuto (a city in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan)


遠野

/ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 遠野 (Tōno).

(～市) Tōno (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)


八潮

/pä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 八潮 (Yashio).

(～市) Yashio (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


筑西

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

(～市) Chikusei (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


南阿爾卑斯

ㄋㄢˊ ㄚ ㄦˇ ㄅㄟ ㄙ

Наньаэрбэйсы

/nän³⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/nän³⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

Calque of Japanese 南アルプス (Minami Arupusu).

calque

(～市) Minami-Alps (a city in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan)


富士見

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 富士見 (Fujimi).

obor

(～市) Fujimi (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


春日部

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 春日部 (Kasukabe).

(～市) Kasukabe (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


厚木

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 厚木 (Atsugi).

(～市) Atsugi (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


江別

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ piːt̚²/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ piːt̚²/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 江(え)別(べつ) (Ebetsu).

(～市) Ebetsu (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


匝瑳

/t͡sä⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/t͡sä⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

(～市) Sōsa (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


柏崎

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 柏崎 (Kashiwazaki).

(～市) Kashiwazaki (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


逗子

/toʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/toʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 逗子 (Zushi).

(～市) Zushi (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


上越

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 上越 (Jōetsu).

(～市) Jōetsu (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


七尾

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 七尾 (Nanao).

(～市) Nanao (a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


久慈

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 久慈 (Kuji).

(～市) Kuji (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)


稻城

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tou̯²² sɪŋ²¹/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tou̯²² sɪŋ²¹/


富士吉田

ㄈㄨˋ ㄕˋ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄧㄢˊ

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 富士吉田 (Fujiyoshida).

(～市) Fujiyoshida (a city in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan)


珠洲

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 珠洲 (Suzu).

(～市) Suzu (a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


南足柄

ㄋㄢˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄅㄧㄥˇ

/nän³⁵ t͡su³⁵ piŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nän³⁵ t͡su³⁵ piŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 南足柄 (Minamiashigara).

(～市) Minamiashigara (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


北本

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 北本 (Kitamoto).

(～市) Kitamoto (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


滑川

/xu̯ä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 滑川 (Namerikawa).

(～市) Namerikawa (a city in Toyama Prefecture, Japan)


敦賀

/tu̯ən⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹/

/tu̯ən⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 敦賀 (Tsuruga).

(～市) Tsuruga (a city in Fukui Prefecture, Japan)


秦野

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 秦野 (Hadano).

(～市) Hadano (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


入間

/ʐu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ʐu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 入間 (Iruma).

(～市) Iruma (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


三笠

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 三笠 (Mikasa).

(～市) Mikasa (a city in Hokkaidō prefecture, Japan)


海老名

ㄏㄞˇ ㄌㄠˇ ㄇㄧㄥˊ

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ miŋ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ lou̯¹³ mɪŋ²¹/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ miŋ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ lou̯¹³ mɪŋ²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 海老名 (Ebina).

(～市) Ebina (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


加茂

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 加茂 (Kamo).

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ mɐu̯²²/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ mɐu̯²²/

(～市) Kamo (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


室蘭

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ län³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ län³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 室蘭 (Muroran).

(～市) Muroran (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


甲州

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 甲州 (Kōshū).

(～市) Kōshū (a city in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan)


高萩

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 高萩 (Takahagi).

(～市) Takahagi (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


大田原

ㄉㄚˋ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄩㄢˊ

/tä⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大田原 (Ōtawara).

(～市) Ōtawara (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)


飯能

/fän⁵¹ nɤŋ³⁵/

/fän⁵¹ nɤŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 飯能 (Hannō).

(～市) Hannō (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


大館

/tä⁵¹ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tä⁵¹ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大館 (Ōdate).

(～市) Ōdate (a city in Akita Prefecture, Japan)


新庄

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

For pronunciation and definitions of 新庄 – see 新莊 (“Shinjō; etc.”).
(This term is the simplified form of 新莊).
 Notes:
Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.
Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.


仁賀保

/ʐən³⁵ xɤ⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʐən³⁵ xɤ⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 仁賀保 (Nikaho).

obor

(～市) Nikaho (a city in Akita Prefecture, Japan)


千歲

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 千(ち)歳(とせ) (Chitose).

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

(～市) Chitose (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


南魚沼

/nän³⁵ y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nän³⁵ y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 南魚沼 (Minamiuonuma).

(～市) Minamiuonuma (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


三條

/sän⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ tʰiːu̯²¹/

/sän⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ tʰiːu̯²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 三条 (Sanjō).

(～市) Sanjō (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


男鹿

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 男鹿 (Oga).

(～市) Oga (a city in Akita Prefecture, Japan)


網走

/wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 網走 (Abashiri).

(～市) Abashiri (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


稚內

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ neɪ̯⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 稚内 (Wakkanai).

(～市) Wakkanai (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


常陸太田

ㄔㄤˊ ㄌㄨˋ ㄊㄞˋ ㄊㄧㄢˊ

Чанлутайтянь

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 常陸太田 (Hitachiōta).

(～市) Hitachiōta (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


須賀川

/ɕy⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/ɕy⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 須賀川 (Sukagawa).

(～市) Sukagawa (a city in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan)


東村山

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 東(ひがし)村(むら)山(やま) (Higashimurayama, literally “East Village Mountain”).

ja-r

(～市) Higashimurayama (a city in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


小千谷

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄍㄨˇ

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 小千谷 (Ojiya).

obor

(～市) Ojiya (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


魚津

/y³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/y³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 魚津 (Uozu).

(～市) Uozu (a city in Toyama Prefecture, Japan)


越谷

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 越谷 (Koshigaya).

(～市) Koshigaya (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


黑部

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ pu⁵¹/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ pu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 黒部 (Kurobe).

(～市) Kurobe (a city in Toyama Prefecture, Japan)


武藏野

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɑŋ³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɑŋ³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 武蔵野 (Musashino).


八千代

/pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/paːt̚³ t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵ tɔːi̯²²/

/pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/paːt̚³ t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵ tɔːi̯²²/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 八千代 (Yachiyo).

(～市) Yachiyo (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


八街

/pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 八街 (Yachimata).

(～市) Yachimata (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


輪島

/lu̯ən³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu̯ən³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 輪島 (Wajima).

(～市) Wajima (a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


小濱

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pin⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pin⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 小浜 (Obama).

(～市) Obama (a city in Fukui Prefecture, Japan)


小矢部

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 小矢部 (Oyabe).

(～市) Oyabe (a city in Toyama Prefecture, Japan)


紋別

/wən³⁵ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

/wən³⁵ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 紋別 (Monbetsu).

(～市) Monbetsu (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


調布

/tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ pu⁵¹/

/tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ pu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 調布 (Chōfu).


釜石

/fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 釜石 (Kamaishi).

(～市) Kamaishi (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)


夕張

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɪk̚² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɪk̚² t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 夕張 (Yūbari).

(～市) Yūbari (a city in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan)


大月

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大月(おおつき) (Ōtsuki).

(～市) Ōtsuki (a city in Yamanashi Prefecture)


阿德雷德

ㄚ ㄉㄜˊ ㄌㄟˊ ㄉㄜˊ

/ˀä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ leɪ̯³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ leɪ̯³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

阿德萊德 阿德萊德#Chinese

阿德莱德 阿德莱德#Chinese

Alternative name for 阿德萊德／阿德莱德 (Ādéláidé, “Adelaide”).


阿德

阿德萊德 阿德萊德#Chinese

阿德莱德 阿德莱德#Chinese

Short for 阿德萊德／阿德莱德 (Ādéláidé, “Adelaide”).


大町

/tä⁵¹ tʰiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tä⁵¹ tʰiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大町 (Ōmachi).

(～市) Ōmachi (a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


岡谷

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 岡谷 (Okaya).

(～市) Okaya (a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


須坂

/ɕy⁵⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕy⁵⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 須坂 (Suzaka).

(～市) Suzaka (a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


飯山

/fän⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/fän⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 飯山 (Iiyama).

(～市) Iiyama (a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


東御

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 東御 (Tōmi).

(～市) Tōmi (a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


鹽尻

/jɛn³⁵ kʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ kʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 塩尻 (Shiojiri).

(～市) Shiojiri (a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


安曇野

/ˀän⁵⁵ tʰän³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀän⁵⁵ tʰän³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 安曇野 (Azumino).

(～市) Azumino (a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


中津川

Чжунцзиньчуань

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 中津川 (Nagatsugawa).

(～市) (～市) Nagatsugawa (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


海津

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 海津 (Kaizu).

(～市) Kaizu (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


佐久

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 佐久 (Saku).

(～市) Saku (a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


羽島

/y²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/y²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 羽島 (Hashima).

(～市) Hashima (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


瑞浪

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɑŋ⁵¹/

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɑŋ⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 瑞浪 (Mizunami).

(～市) Mizunami (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


多治見

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 多治見 (Tajimi).

(～市) Tajimi (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


山縣

/ʂän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ʂän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 山県 (Yamagata).

(～市) Yamagata (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


本巢

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 本巣 (Motosu).

(～市) Motosu (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


伊那

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 伊那 (Ina).

(～市) Ina (a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


津島

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 津島 (Tsushima).

(～市) Tsushima (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


燒津

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 焼津 (Yaizu).

(～市) Yaizu (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


濱松

/pin⁵⁵ sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pin⁵⁵ sʊŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 浜松 (Hamamatsu).

(～市) Hamamatsu (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


郡上

/t͡ɕyn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕyn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 郡上 (Gujō).

(～市) Gujō (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


惠那

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 恵那 (Ena).

(～市) Ena (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


可兒

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 可児 (Kani).

(～市) Kani (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


豐橋

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 豊橋 (Toyohashi).

(～市) Toyohashi (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


刈谷

/i⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/i⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 刈谷 (Kariya).

(～市) Kariya (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


御前崎

/y⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/y⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 御前崎 (Omaezaki).

(～市) Omaezaki (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


菊川

/t͡ɕy³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕy³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 菊川 (Kikugawa).

(～市) Kikugawa (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


飛驒

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/fei̯⁵⁵ tʰɔː²¹/

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/fei̯⁵⁵ tʰɔː²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 飛騨(ひだ) (Hida).

(～市) Hida (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


茅野

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 茅野 (Chino).

(～市) Chino (a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


伊豆之國

ㄧ ㄉㄡˋ ㄓ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

/i⁵⁵ toʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/i⁵⁵ toʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 伊豆の国 (Izunokuni).

(～市) Izunokuni (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


豐川

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 豊川 (Toyokawa).

(～市) Toyokawa (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


牧之原

/mu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/mu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 牧之原 (Makinohara).

(～市) Makinohara (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


蒲郡

/pʰu³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

/pʰu³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 蒲郡 (Gamagōri).

(～市) Gamagōri (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


稻澤

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 稲沢 (Inazawa).

(～市) Inazawa (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


常滑

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 常滑 (Tokoname).

(～市) Tokoname (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


美濃加茂

ㄇㄟˇ ㄋㄨㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄇㄠˋ

Мэйнунцзямао

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 美濃加茂 (Minokamo).

(～市) Minokamo (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


富士宮

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 富士宮 (Fujinomiya).

(～市) Fujinomiya (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


大垣

/tä⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大垣 (Ōgaki).

(～市) Ōgaki (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


土岐

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 土岐 (Toki).

(～市) Toki (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


知立

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 知立 (Chiryū).

(～市) Chiryū (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


尾張旭

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕy⁵¹/

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕy⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 尾張旭 (Owariasahi).

(～市) Owariasahi (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


犬山

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 犬山 (Inuyama).

(～市) Inuyama (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


豐明

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 豊明 (Toyoake).

(～市) Toyoake (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


小諸

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 小諸 (Komoro).

(～市) Komoro (a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


高濱

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pin⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pin⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 高浜 (Takahama).

(～市) Takahama (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


大府

/tä⁵¹ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tä⁵¹ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大府 (Ōbu).

(～市) Ōbu (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


知多

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 知多 (Chita).

(～市) Chita (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


下呂

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ly²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ly²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 下呂 (Gero).

(～市) Gero (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


磐田

/pʰän³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/pʰän³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 磐田 (Iwata).

(～市) Iwata (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


清須

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ɕy⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ɕy⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 清須 (Kiyosu).

(～市) Kiyosu (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


員辨

/ɥɛn³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese いなべ (Inabe).

(～市) Inabe (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


彥根

/jɛn⁵¹ kən⁵⁵/

/jɛn⁵¹ kən⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 彦根 (Hikone).

(～市) Hikone (a city in Shiga Prefecture, Japan)


野洲

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 野洲 (Yasu).

(～市) Yasu (a city in Shiga Prefecture, Japan)


袋井

/taɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 袋井 (Fukuroi).

(～市) Fukuroi (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


龜岡

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 亀岡 (Kameoka).

(～市) Kameoka (a city in Kyōto prefecture, Japan)


守山

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 守山 (Moriyama).

(～市) Moriyama (a city in Shiga Prefecture, Japan)


掛川

/ku̯ä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/ku̯ä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 掛川 (Kakegawa).

(～市) Kakegawa (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


愛西

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 愛西 (Aisai).

(～市) Aisai (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


福知山

/fu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/fu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 福知山 (Fukuchiyama).

(～市) Fukuchiyama (a city in Kyōto prefecture, Japan)


栗東

/li⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/li⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 栗東 (Rittō).

(～市) Rittō (a city in Shiga Prefecture, Japan)


米原

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 米原 (Maibara).

(～市) Maibara (a city in Shiga Prefecture, Japan)


綾部

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 綾部 (Ayabe).

(～市) Ayabe (a city in Kyōto prefecture, Japan)


宮津

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 宮津 (Miyazu).

(～市) Miyazu (a city in Kyōto prefecture, Japan)


近江八幡

ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄅㄚ ㄈㄢ

Цзиньцзянбафань

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ fän⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ fän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 近江八幡 (Ōmihachiman).

(～市) Ōmihachiman (a city in Shiga Prefecture, Japan)


東近江

ㄉㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄐㄧㄤ

Дунцзиньцзян

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 東近江 (Higashiomi).

(～市) Higashiomi (a city in Shiga Prefecture, Japan)


各務原

/kɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/kɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 各務原 (Kakamigahara).

(～市) Kakamigahara (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


長岡京

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 長岡京 (Nagaokakyō).

(～市) Nagaokakyō (a city in Kyōto prefecture, Japan)


京田邊

ㄐㄧㄥ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄅㄧㄢ

Цзинтяньбянь

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 京田辺 (Kyōtanabe).

(～市) Kyōtanabe (a city in Kyōto prefecture, Japan)


京丹後

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 京丹後 (Kyōtango).

(～市) Kyōtango (a city in Kyōto prefecture, Japan)


瀨戶

/laɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu⁵¹/

/laɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 瀬戸 (Seto).

(～市) Seto (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


南丹

/nän³⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/nän³⁵ tän⁵⁵/

(～市) Nantan (a city in Kyōto prefecture, Japan)


名張

/miŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/miŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 名張 (Nabari).

(～市) Nabari (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


桑名

/sɑŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/sɑŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 桑名 (Kuwana).

(～市) Kuwana (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


草津

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 草津 (Kusatsu).

(～市) Kusatsu (a city in Shiga Prefecture, Japan)


尾鷲

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 尾鷲 (Owase).

(～市) Owase (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


駒根

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ kən⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ kən⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 駒ヶ根 (Komagane).

(～市) Komagane (a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


龜山

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ku̯i²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ku̯i²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 亀山 (Kameyama).

(～市) Kameyama (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


春日井

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 春日井 (Kasugai).

(～市) Kasugai (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


熱海

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 熱海(あたみ) (Atami).

/ʐɤ⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiːt̚² hɔːi̯³⁵/

/ʐɤ⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiːt̚² hɔːi̯³⁵/

(～市) Atami (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


御殿場

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 御殿場 (Gotenba).

(～市) Gotenba (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


城陽

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 城陽 (Jōyō).

(～市) Jōyō (a city in Kyōto prefecture, Japan)


吹田

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 吹田 (Suita).

(～市) Suita (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


岸和田

/ˀän⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/ˀän⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 岸和田 (Kishiwada).

(～市) Kishiwada (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


碧南

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 碧南 (Hekinan).

(～市) Hekinan (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


交野

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 交野 (Katano).

(～市) Katano (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


豐中

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 豊中 (Toyonaka).

(～市) Toyonaka (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


東大阪

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 東大阪 (Higashiōsaka).

(～市) Higashiōsaka (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


門真

/mən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/mən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 門真 (Kadoma).

(～市) Kadoma (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


泉佐野

ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄗㄨㄛˇ ㄧㄝˇ

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 泉佐野 (Izumisano).

(～市) Izumisano (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


宍粟

/ʐoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ su⁵¹/

/ʐoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ su⁵¹/

(～市) Shisō (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


伊丹

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 伊丹 (Itami).

(～市) Itami (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


寶塚

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～市) Takarazuka (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


富田林

ㄈㄨˋ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 富田林 (Tondabayashi).

(～市) Tondabayashi (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


大阪狹山

ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄚˊ ㄕㄢ

Дабаньсяшань

/tä⁵¹ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ä³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ä³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大阪狭山 (Ōsakasayama).

(～市) Ōsakasayama (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


藤井寺

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵¹/

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 藤井寺 (Fujiidera).

(～市) Fujiidera (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


河內長野

ㄏㄜˊ ㄋㄟˋ ㄔㄤˊ ㄧㄝˇ

/xɤ³⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xɤ³⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 河内長野 (Kawachinagano).

(～市) Kawachinagano (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


新城

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/

(～市) Shinshiro (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


蘆屋

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 蘆屋 (Ashiya).

(～市) Ashiya (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


寢屋川

/t͡ɕʰin²¹⁴⁻²¹ u⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin²¹⁴⁻²¹ u⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 寝屋川 (Neyagawa).

(～市) Neyagawa (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


洲本

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 洲本 (Sumoto).

(～市) Sumoto (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


加西

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 加西 (Kasai).

(～市) Kasai (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


泉南

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ nän³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ nän³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 泉南 (Sennan).

(～市) Sennan (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


豐岡

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 豊岡 (Toyooka).

(～市) Toyooka (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


加古川

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 加古川 (Kakogawa).

(～市) Kakogawa (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


南淡路

/nän³⁵ tän⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ tän⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

Borrowed from Japanese 南あわじ (Minamiawaji).

(～市) Minamiawaji (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


篠山

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 篠山 (Sasayama).

(～市) Sasayama (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


泉大津

ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄉㄚˋ ㄐㄧㄣ

Цюаньдацзинь

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ tä⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ tä⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 泉大津 (Izumiōtsu).

(～市) Izumiōtsu (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


大東

/tä⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

; "Daitō"
Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大東 (Daitō).

(～市) Daitō (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


田邊

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 田辺 (Tanabe).

(～市) Tanabe (a city in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan)


安來

/ˀän⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 安来 (Yasugi).

(～市) Yasugi (a city in Shimane Prefecture, Japan)


赤穗

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 赤穂 (Akō).

(～市) Akō (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


沼津

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 沼津 (Numazu).

(～市) Numazu (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


赤磐

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ pʰän³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ pʰän³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 赤磐 (Akaiwa).

(～市) Akaiwa (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)


境港

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 境港 (Sakaiminato).

(～市) Sakaiminato (a city in Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


玉野

/y⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/y⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 玉野 (Tamano).

(～市) Tamano (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)


新見

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 新見 (Niimi).

(～市) Niimi (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)


箕面

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 箕面 (Minoo).

(～市) Minoh (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


甲賀

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 甲賀 (Kōka).

(～市) Kōka (a city in Shiga Prefecture, Japan)


宇陀

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/jyː¹³ tʰɔː²¹/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/jyː¹³ tʰɔː²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 宇陀 (Uda).

(～市) Uda (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


龍野

/lʊŋ³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 龍野 (Tatsuno).

(～市) Tatsuno (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


橿原

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 橿原 (Kashihara).

(～市) Kashihara (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


倉吉

/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 倉吉 (Kurayoshi).

(～市) Kurayoshi (a city in Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


大和高田

ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄠ ㄊㄧㄢˊ

/tä⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大和高田 (Yamatotakada).

(～市) Yamatotakada (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


茨木

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ mu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ mu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 茨(いばら)木(き) (Ibaraki).

(～市) Ibaraki (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


五條

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 五條 (Gojō).

(～市) Gojō (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


小牧

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 小牧 (Komaki).

(～市) Komaki (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


葛城

/kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～市) Katsuragi (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


大和郡山

ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄐㄩㄣˋ ㄕㄢ

Дахэцзюньшань

/tä⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大和郡山 (Yamatokōriyama).

(～市) Yamatokōriyama (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


笠岡

/li⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/li⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 笠岡 (Kasaoka).

(～市) Kasaoka (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)


四條畷

ㄙˋ ㄊㄧㄠˊ ㄓㄨㄟˋ

ㄙˋ ㄊㄧㄠˊ ㄓㄨㄛˊ

/sz̩⁵¹ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵¹ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵¹ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/

(～市) Shijōnawate (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


江津

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

(～市) Gōtsu (a city in Shimane Prefecture, Japan)


香芝

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 香芝 (Kashiba).

(～市) Kashiba (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


御坊

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 御坊 (Gobō).

(～市) Gobō (a city in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan)


米子

/mi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐi̯¹³ t͡siː³⁵/

/mi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐi̯¹³ t͡siː³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 米子 (Yonago).

(～市) Yonago (a city in Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


朝來

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 朝来 (Asago).

(～市) Asago (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


羽曳野

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛ⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛ⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 羽曳野 (Habikino).

(～市) Habikino (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


攝津

/ʂɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/ʂɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 摂津 (Settsu).

(～市) Settsu (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


貝塚

/peɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/peɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 貝塚 (Kaizuka).

(～市) Kaizuka (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


日進

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 日進 (Nisshin).

(～市) Nisshin (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


松阪

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ paːn³⁵/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ paːn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 松阪 (Matsusaka).

(～市) Matsusaka (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


尾道

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 尾道 (Onomichi).

(～市) Onomichi (a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


總社

/t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤ⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 総社 (Sōja).

(～市) Sōja (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)


津山

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 津山 (Tsuyama).

(～市) Tsuyama (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)


紀之川

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 紀の川 (Kinokawa).

(～市) Kinokawa (a city in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan)


大仙

/tä⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tai³³⁻²¹ siɛn⁴⁴/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ siɛn⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ siɛn⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ siɛn⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tai³³⁻²¹ siɛn⁴⁴/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ siɛn⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ siɛn⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ siɛn⁴⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大仙(だいせん) (daisen).

(～市) Daisen (a city in Akita Prefecture, Japan)


瀨戶內

/laɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu⁵¹⁻⁵³ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/laɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu⁵¹⁻⁵³ neɪ̯⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 瀬戸内 (Setouchi).

(～市) Setouchi (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)


真庭

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 真庭 (Maniwa).

(～市) Maniwa (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)


相生

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 相生 (Aioi).

(～市) Aioi (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


新宮

/ɕin⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 新宮 (Shingū).

(～市) Shingū (a city in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan)


岩倉

/jɛn³⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 岩倉 (Iwakura).

(～市) Iwakura (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


阪南

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 阪南 (Hannan).

(～市) Hannan (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


長濱

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ pin⁵⁵/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² pin⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² pin³³/

/tŋ̍¹³⁻²² pin⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ pin⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ pin⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ pin⁵⁵/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² pin⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² pin³³/

/tŋ̍¹³⁻²² pin⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ pin⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ pin⁴⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 長浜 (Nagahama).

(～市) Nagahama (a city in Shiga Prefecture, Japan)


生駒

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 生駒 (Ikoma).

(～市) Ikoma (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


坂出

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 坂出 (Sakaide).

(～市) Sakaide (a city in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan)


庄原

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～市) Shōbara (a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


防府

/fɑŋ³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɑŋ³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 防府 (Hōfu).

(～市) Hōfu (a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan)


岩國

/jɛn³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 岩国 (Iwakuni).

(～市) Iwakuni (a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan)


江田島

ㄐㄧㄤ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄉㄠˇ

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 江田島 (Etajima).

(～市) Etajima (a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


下松

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 下松 (Kudamatsu).

(～市) Kudamatsu (a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan)


廿日市

/ni̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ni̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 廿日市 (Hatsukaichi).

(～市) Hatsukaichi (a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


東廣島

ㄉㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄉㄠˇ

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 東広島 (Higashihiroshima).

(～市) Higashihiroshima (a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


讚岐

/t͡sän⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/t͡sän⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 讃岐 (Sanuki).

(～市) Sanuki (a city in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan)


安藝高田

ㄢ ㄧˋ ㄍㄠ ㄊㄧㄢˊ

/ˀän⁵⁵ i⁵¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ i⁵¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 安芸高田 (Akitakata).

(～市) Akitakata (a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


東香川

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Japanese 東かがわ (Higashikagawa).

(～市) Higashikagawa (a city in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan)


三豐

/sän⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 三豊 (Mitoyo).

(～市) Mitoyo (a city in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan)


小松島

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄙㄨㄥ ㄉㄠˇ

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 小松島 (Komatsushima).

(～市) Komatsushima (a city in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan)


八幡濱

/pä⁵⁵ fän⁵⁵ pin⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ fän⁵⁵ pin⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 八幡浜 (Yamatahama).

(～市) Yamatahama (a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan)


吉野川

/t͡ɕi³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 吉野川 (Yoshinogawa).

(～市) Yoshinogawa (a city in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan)


柳井

/li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 柳井 (Yanai).

(～市) Yanai (a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan)


山陽小野田

ㄕㄢ ㄧㄤˊ ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄧㄝˇ ㄊㄧㄢˊ

Шаньянсяоетянь

/ʂän⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 山陽小野田 (San'yō-Onoda).

(～市) San'yō-Onoda (a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan)


土佐清水

ㄊㄨˇ ㄗㄨㄛˇ ㄑㄧㄥ ㄕㄨㄟˇ

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 土佐清水 (Tosashimizu).

(～市) Tosashimizu (a city in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan)


香南

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 香南 (Kōnan).

(～市) Kōnan (a city in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan)


四國中央

ㄙˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄧㄤ

/sz̩⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 四国中央 (Shikokuchūō).

(～市) Shikokuchūō (a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan)


安藝

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 安芸 (Aki).

(～市) Aki (a city in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan)


須崎

/ɕy⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ɕy⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 須崎 (Susaki).

(～市) Susaki (a city in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan)


新居濱

Синьцзюйбинь

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵ pin⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵ pin⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 新居浜 (Niihama).

(～市) Niihama (a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan)


四萬十

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ wän⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ wän⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 四万十 (Shimanto).

(～市) Shimanto (a city in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan)


東溫

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ wən⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ wɐn⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ wən⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ wɐn⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 東温 (Tōon).

(～市) Tōon (a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan)


直方

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 直方 (Noogata).

(～市) Noogata (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


香美

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 香美 (Kami).

(～市) Kami (a city in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan)


三次

/sän⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː³³/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː³³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 三(み)次(よし) (miyoshi).

(～市) Miyoshi (a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


今治

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 今治 (Imabari).

(～市) Imabari (a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan)


西予

/ɕi⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 西予 (Seiyo).

(～市) Seiyo (a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan)


宇和島

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 宇和島 (Uwajima).

(～市) Uwajima (a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan)


八女

/pä⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pä⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 八女 (Yame).

(～市) Yame (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


室戶

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 室戸 (Muroto).

(～市) Muroto (a city in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan)


小郡

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 小郡 (Ogoori).

(～市) Ogoori (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


宮若

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 宮若 (Miyawaka).

(～市) Miyawaka (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


行橋

/ɕiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ɕiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 行橋 (Yukuhashi).

(～市) Yukuhashi (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


大野城

/tä⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大野城 (Ōnojō).

(～市) Ōnojō (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


宿毛

/su⁵¹ mɑʊ̯³⁵/

/su⁵¹ mɑʊ̯³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 宿毛 (Sukumo).

(～市) Sukumo (a city in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan)


久留米

ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄇㄧˇ

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 久留米 (Kurume).

(～市) Kurume (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


善通寺

/ʂän⁵¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

/ʂän⁵¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 善通寺 (Zentsūji).

(～市) Zentsūji (a city in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan)


丸龜

/wän³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/jyːn²¹⁻³⁵ kʷɐi̯⁵⁵/

/wän³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/jyːn²¹⁻³⁵ kʷɐi̯⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 丸亀 (Marugame).

(～市) Marugame (a city in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan)


嬉野

/ɕi⁵⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi⁵⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 嬉野 (Ureshino).

(～市) Ureshino (a city in Saga Prefecture, Japan)


諫早

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 諫早 (Isahaya).

(～市) Isahaya (a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)


南島原

/nän³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/nän³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 南島原 (Minamishimabara).

(～市) Minamishimabara (a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)


嘉麻

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ mä³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ mä³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 嘉麻 (Kama).

(～市) Kama (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


福津

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 福津 (Fukutsu).

(～市) Fukutsu (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


壹岐

/i⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/i⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 壱岐 (Iki).

(～市) Iki (a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)


本渡

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 本渡 (Hondo).

(～市) Hondo (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


伊萬里

/i⁵⁵ wän⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/i⁵⁵ wän⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 伊万里 (Imari).

(～市) Imari (a city in Saga Prefecture, Japan)


觀音寺

/ku̯än⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 観音寺 (Kan'onji).

(～市) Kan'onji (a city in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan)


雲仙

/yn³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/yn³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 雲仙 (Unzen).

(～市) Unzen (a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)


平戶

/pʰiŋ³⁵ xu⁵¹/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ xu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 平戸 (Hirado).

(～市) Hirado (a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)


中津

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 中津 (Nakatsu).

(～市) Nakatsu (a city in Ōita Prefecture, Japan)


西條

/ɕi⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 西条 (Saijō).

(～市) Saijō (a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan)


豐後高田

ㄈㄥ ㄏㄡˋ ㄍㄠ ㄊㄧㄢˊ

Фэнхоугаотянь

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 豊後高田 (Bungotakada).

(～市) Bungotakada (a city in Ōita Prefecture, Japan)


蝦野

/ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː⁵⁵ jɛː¹³/

/ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː⁵⁵ jɛː¹³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese えびの (Ebino).

(～市) Ebino (a city in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan)


串間

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 串間 (Kushima).

(～市) Kushima (a city in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan)


荒尾

/xu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 荒尾 (Arao).

(～市) Arao (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


人吉

/ʐən³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/ʐən³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 人吉 (Hitoyoshi).

(～市) Hitoyoshi (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


鹿屋

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 鹿屋 (Kanoya).

(～市) Kanoya (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


宇土

/y²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/y²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 宇土 (Uto).

(～市) Uto (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


津久見

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄐㄧㄢˋ

Цзиньцзюцзянь

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 津久見 (Tsukumi).

(～市) Tsukumi (a city in Ōita Prefecture, Japan)


宗像

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 宗像 (Munakata).

(～市) Munakata (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


志布志

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 志布志 (Shibushi).

(～市) Shibushi (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


日田

/ʐ̩⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/jɐt̚² tʰiːn²¹/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/jɐt̚² tʰiːn²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 日田 (Hita).

(～市) Hita (a city in Ōita Prefecture, Japan)


枕崎

/ʈ͡ʂən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 枕崎 (Makurazaki).

(～市) Makurazaki (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


玉名

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 玉名 (Tamana).

(～市) Tamana (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


南薩摩

/nän³⁵ sä⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/nän³⁵ sä⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 南薩摩 (Minamisatsuma).

(～市) Minamisatsuma (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


山鹿

/ʂän⁵⁵ lu⁵¹/

/ʂän⁵⁵ lu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 山鹿 (Yamaga).

(～市) Yamaga (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


上天草

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 上天草 (Kamiamakusa).

(～市) Kamiamakusa (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


合志

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 合志 (Kōshi).

(～市) Kōshi (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


宜野灣

/i³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wän⁵⁵/

/i³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 宜野湾 (Ginowan).

(～市) Ginowan (a city in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)


阿蘇

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 阿蘇 (Aso).

(～市) Aso (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


名護

/mɪŋ²¹ wuː²²/

/mɪŋ²¹ wuː²²/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 名護 (Nago).

(～市) Nago (a city in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)


宇佐

/y²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/y²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 宇佐 (Usa).

(～市) Usa (a city in Ōita Prefecture, Japan)


宇流麻

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵ mä³⁵/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵ mä³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 宇流麻 (Uruma).

(～市) Uruma (a city in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)


市來串木野

ㄕˋ ㄌㄞˊ ㄔㄨㄢˋ ㄇㄨˋ ㄧㄝˇ

Шилайчуаньмуе

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese いちき串木野 (Ichikikushikino).

(～市) Ichikikushikino (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


浮羽

/fu³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fu³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese うきは (Ukiha).

(～市) Ukiha (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


美禰

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi³⁵/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 美祢 (Mine).

(～市) Mine (a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan)


豐前

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 豊前 (Buzen).

(～市) Buzen (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


豐見城

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 豊見城 (Tomigusuku).

(～市) Tomigusuku (a city in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)


奄美

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 奄美 (Amami).

(～市) Amami (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


豐後大野

ㄈㄥ ㄏㄡˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄧㄝˇ

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 豊後大野 (Bungoōno).

(～市) Bungoōno (a city in Ōita Prefecture, Japan)


由布

/joʊ̯³⁵ pu⁵¹/

/joʊ̯³⁵ pu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 由布 (Yufu).

(～市) Yufu (a city in Ōita Prefecture, Japan)


西之表

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ pi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ pi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 西之表 (Nishinoomote).

(～市) Nishinoomote (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


絲滿

/sz̩⁵⁵ män²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sz̩⁵⁵ män²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～市) Itoman (a city in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)


垂水

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 垂水 (Tarumizu).

(～市) Tarumizu (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


薩摩川內

ㄙㄚˋ ㄇㄛˊ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄋㄟˋ

Самочуаньнэй

/sä⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/sä⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 薩摩川内 (Satsumasendai).

(～市) Satsumasendai (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


大牟田

ㄉㄚˋ ㄇㄡˊ ㄊㄧㄢˊ

/tä⁵¹ moʊ̯³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ moʊ̯³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大牟田 (Ōmuta).

(～市) Ōmuta (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


大洲

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大洲(おおず) (Ōzu).

ja-r

大洲(おおず) (Ōzu)

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Ōzu (a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan)


對馬

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɵy̯³³ maː¹³/

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɵy̯³³ maː¹³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 対(つし)馬(ま) (Tsushima).
Pulleyblank (1962: part II, p218) proposes that the character 對／对 once ended in -s during the Old Chinese period, and that this is responsible for the usage of 對／对 in the placename.

(～市) Tsushima (a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)


浦添

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 浦添 (Urasoe).

obor

(～市) Urasoe (a city in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)


指宿

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ su⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ su⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 指宿 (Ibusuki).

(～市) Ibusuki (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


阿久根

/ˀä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kən⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kən⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 阿久根 (Akune).

(～市) Akune (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


延岡

/jɛn³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 延岡 (Nobeoka).

(～市) Nobeoka (a city in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan)


南城

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

(～市) Nanjō (a city in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)


杵築

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 杵築 (Kitsuki).

(～市) Kitsuki (a city in Ōita Prefecture, Japan)


太宰府

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːi̯³³ t͡sɔːi̯³⁵ fuː³⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːi̯³³ t͡sɔːi̯³⁵ fuː³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 太宰府 (Dazaifu).

(～市) Dazaifu (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


霧島

/u⁵¹ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/u⁵¹ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 霧島 (Kirishima).

(～市) Kirishima (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


三山

/sän⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(informal) Alternative name for 福州 (Fúzhōu), Fuzhou (a city in Fujian, China)


三山

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 三山 (Miyama).

/sän⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～市) Miyama (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


筑紫野

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～市) Chikushino (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


臼杵

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～市) Usuki (a city in Ōita Prefecture, Japan)


宮古島

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kuː³⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kuː³⁵ tou̯³⁵/

(～市) Miyakojima (a city in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)


小城

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 小城(おぎ) (Ogi).

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(～市) Ogi (a city in Saga Prefecture, Japan)


唐津

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

(～市) Karatsu (a city in Saga Prefecture, Japan)


五島

/u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 五島 (Gotō).

(～市) Gotō (a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)


天草

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 天草 (Amakusa).

(～市) Amakusa (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


大口

/tä⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² hɐu̯³⁵/

/ta⁴⁵ kʰəu⁵³/

/du²² kʰɤ⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² hɐu̯³⁵/

/ta⁴⁵ kʰəu⁵³/

/du²² kʰɤ⁴⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大口 (Ōkuchi) for the city of Ōkuchi.

(～市) Ōkuchi (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


日南

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 日(にち)南(なん) (Nichinan).

/ʐ̩⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ nän³⁵/

(～市) Nichinan (a city in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan)


姬路

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ lu⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ lu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 姫(ひめ)路(じ) (Himeji).

(～市) Himeji (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


水牛城

ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄔㄥˊ

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sɵy̯³⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡu²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡu²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡu¹³⁻²² siã¹³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡu²³⁻³³ siã²³/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sɵy̯³⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡu²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡu²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡu¹³⁻²² siã¹³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡu²³⁻³³ siã²³/

Buffalo (a city in New York, United States)


巴塞羅那

ㄅㄚ ㄙㄞˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄋㄚˋ

/pä⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ nä⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ lɔː²¹ naː¹³/

/pä⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ nä⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ lɔː²¹ naː¹³/

Barcelona (the capital city of Catalonia, Spain; capital city of Barcelona province)


碧仙桃

/pi⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pɪk̚⁵ siːn⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

/pi⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pɪk̚⁵ siːn⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

Phono-semantic matching of English Bristol.

psm

(chiefly Cantonese) Bristol (a city, county, and unitary authority in southwest England)


雷州

→ English: Leizhou, Luichow, Luichew

→ Georgian: ლეიჭოუ (leič̣ou)

/leɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lɵy̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/le²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/leɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lɵy̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/le²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

(～市) Leizhou (a county-level city in Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China)


如皋

/ʐu³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʐu³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Rugao (a county-level city in Nantong, Jiangsu, China)


設拉子

/ʂɤ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂɤ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


腓立比

/feɪ̯³⁵ li⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fi²⁴⁻¹¹ lip̚⁵ pi³¹/

/feɪ̯³⁵ li⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fi²⁴⁻¹¹ lip̚⁵ pi³¹/


歌羅西

/kɤ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kɤ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/


哥林多

/kɤ⁵⁵ lin³⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ lɐm²¹ tɔː⁵⁵/

/ko³³⁻²³ lim⁵⁵⁻¹¹ to³³/

/kɤ⁵⁵ lin³⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ lɐm²¹ tɔː⁵⁵/

/ko³³⁻²³ lim⁵⁵⁻¹¹ to³³/

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κόρινθος (Kórinthos).


帖撒羅尼迦

ㄊㄧㄝˇ ㄙㄚ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄚ

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ni³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/tʰiːp̚³ saːt̚³ lɔː²¹ nei̯²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ni³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/tʰiːp̚³ saːt̚³ lɔː²¹ nei̯²¹ kaː⁵⁵/


沙河

/saː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/saː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/saː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

(～市) Shahe (a county-level city in Xingtai, Hebei, China)


涅爾琴斯克

ㄋㄧㄝˋ ㄦˇ ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

Неэрциньсыкэ

/ni̯ɛ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/ni̯ɛ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

Transliteration of Russian Не́рчинск m inan sg (Nérčinsk).

translit

Nerchinsky District
Nerchinsky District#English

Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai#English

Nerchinsk (a city, the administrative center of the Nerchinsky District, Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia)


樟樹

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ syː²²/

/t͡soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁵⁵/

/t͡ʃoŋ⁵³ ʃu³³/

/t͡siũ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu³³/

/t͡sɑ̃³³ zz̩⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ syː²²/

/t͡soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁵⁵/

/t͡ʃoŋ⁵³ ʃu³³/

/t͡siũ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu³³/

/t͡sɑ̃³³ zz̩⁴⁴/

(～市) Zhangshu (a county-level city in Yichun, Jiangxi, China)


達爾汗

/tä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xän⁵¹/

/taːt̚² jiː¹³ hɔːn²²/

/tä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xän⁵¹/

/taːt̚² jiː¹³ hɔːn²²/

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ (darqan) / Дархан (Darxan).


晉江

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (晉江):
* → Vietnamese: Tấn Giang (晉江)

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɵn³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋouŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ³³/

/t͡ɕin³³ kɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɵn³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋouŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ³³/

/t͡ɕin³³ kɑ̃⁴⁴/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Jinjiang (a county-level city and former county of Quanzhou, Fujian, China)


索契

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/sɔːk̚³ kʰɐi̯³³/

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/sɔːk̚³ kʰɐi̯³³/


卡利卡特

ㄎㄚˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄎㄚˇ ㄊㄜˋ

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/


帕尼巴特

ㄆㄚˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄜˋ

/pʰä⁵¹ ni³⁵ pä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/pʰä⁵¹ ni³⁵ pä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/


新莊

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡soŋ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/sin³³ t͡sŋ̍³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡soŋ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/sin³³ t͡sŋ̍³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

(～市) Shinjō (a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


昌迪加爾

ㄔㄤ ㄉㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄦˇ

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ti³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ti³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Chandigarh (a city and the state capital of Punjab and Haryana, India)


海德拉巴

ㄏㄞˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄚ

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵/


馬德拉斯

ㄇㄚˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄌㄚ ㄙ

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ tɐk̚⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ tɐk̚⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/


土桑

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰou̯³⁵ sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰou̯³⁵ sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(Taiwan) Tucson (a city in Arizona, United States)


侯斯頓

/xoʊ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/hɐu̯²¹ siː⁵⁵ tɵn²²/

/xoʊ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/hɐu̯²¹ siː⁵⁵ tɵn²²/

(chiefly Hong Kong) Houston (a large city in Texas, United States)


休士頓

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/jɐu̯⁵⁵ siː²² tɵn²²/

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/jɐu̯⁵⁵ siː²² tɵn²²/

(chiefly Taiwan) Houston (a large city in Texas, United States)


佛雷斯諾

ㄈㄛˊ ㄌㄟˊ ㄙ ㄋㄨㄛˋ

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ leɪ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ nu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ leɪ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ nu̯ɔ⁵¹/

(Taiwan) Fresno (a city in California, United States)


奧斯丁

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/ou̯³³ siː⁵⁵ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/ou̯³³ siː⁵⁵ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

(Taiwan) Austin (a city, the state capital of Texas, United States)


聖何塞

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ saɪ̯⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ hɔː²¹ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ saɪ̯⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ hɔː²¹ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

(Mainland China) San José (a city, the capital city of Costa Rica)

(Mainland China) San Jose (a city in California, United States)


奧蘭多

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ län³⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ou̯³³ laːn²¹ tɔː⁵⁵/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ län³⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ou̯³³ laːn²¹ tɔː⁵⁵/

Orlando (a city in Florida, United States)


大埠

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² fɐu̯²²/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² fɐu̯²²/

San Francisco (a city in California, United States)

(Bangkok Cantonese) Bangkok (the capital city of Thailand)


波夕

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/pɔː⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵¹/

/pɔː⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

(Taiwan) Boise (a city, the state capital of Idaho, United States)


二埠

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/jiː²² fɐu̯²²/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/jiː²² fɐu̯²²/

Such cities were second in importance to the local Chinese community.

Sacramento (a city, the state capital of California, United States)

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

New Westminster (a city in British Columbia, Canada)


喀什噶爾

ㄎㄚ ㄕˊ ㄍㄚˊ ㄦˇ

ㄎㄚˋ ㄕˊ ㄍㄜˊ ㄦˇ

/kʰä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ kä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ kɤ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ kä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ kɤ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Borrowed from Manchu ᡴᠠᠰᡳᡤᠠᡵ (kasigar), from Written Oirat ᡍᠠᠱᡅᡎᠠᠷ (xašiɣar), from Classical Persian کاشغر (Kāšğar).
Compare also Uyghur قەشقەر (qeshqer), Chagatai قاشقار (Qāšqār /Qäšqär/); Classical Tibetan ཁ་ཤི་ཀར (kha shi kar); etc.

2018/08/02, 尼克・霍史達克（Nick Holdstock）, 文革對維吾爾的迫害，讓新疆自治區永遠無法「自治」, The News Lens

Dāng wǒ cānguān Tūhūlǔ Tièmù'ér Hàn — zuìhòu yī wèi Cháhétái Ménggǔ kěhàn, dàlì gǔwǔ Yīsīlánjiào zài gāi dìqū de chuánbò — de shènglíng shí, guǎnlǐ rén gàosù wǒ hóngwèibīng qiángpò cūnmín bǎ zhū zhī yǎng zài shènglíng lǐmiàn, Xīnjiāng dàbùfēn dìqū dōu chūxiàn zhèyàng de xiūrǔ xíngwéi, Kàshígé''ěr yǒu ge nánrén zài yī wèi péngyǒu de háizi chūshì shí lǎngsòng Gǔlánjīng, tā bèipò tú hēiliǎn, qí zài lǘzi shàng yóujiē shìzhòng, bìng názhùzhe yīge shàngmiàn xiězhe “wǒ bùgāi xìn jiù guī” de páizǐ.

當我參觀禿忽魯·帖木兒汗——最後一位察合台蒙古可汗，大力鼓舞伊斯蘭教在該地區的傳播——的聖陵時，管理人告訴我紅衛兵強迫村民把豬隻養在聖陵裡面，新疆大部分地區都出現這樣的羞辱行為，喀什噶爾有個男人在一位朋友的孩子出世時朗誦古蘭經，他被迫塗黑臉、騎在驢子上遊街示眾，並拿著着一個上面寫著「我不該信舊規」的牌子。

当我参观秃忽鲁·帖木儿汗——最后一位察合台蒙古可汗，大力鼓舞伊斯兰教在该地区的传播——的圣陵时，管理人告诉我红卫兵强迫村民把猪只养在圣陵里面，新疆大部分地区都出现这样的羞辱行为，喀什噶尔有个男人在一位朋友的孩子出世时朗诵古兰经，他被迫涂黑脸、骑在驴子上游街示众，并拿著着一个上面写着「我不该信旧规」的牌子。

(historical or poetic) Kashgar (a city in Xinjiang, China)


伊巴丹

/i⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/i⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/


喬巴山

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ pä⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ paː⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ pä⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ paː⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠴᠣᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯᠰᠠᠩ (čoyibalsang).

(～市) Choibalsan (the capital city of Dornod Province, Mongolia)


伊洛林

/i⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ lin³⁵/

/i⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ lin³⁵/


伯斯

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

Alternative name for 珀斯 (Pòsī, “Perth”).


亞喀巴

/jä⁵¹ kʰä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵/

/aː³³ kʰaːk̚³ paː⁵⁵/

/jä⁵¹ kʰä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵/

/aː³³ kʰaːk̚³ paː⁵⁵/

Arabic العَقَبة (al-ʕaqaba, literally “the obstacle”).


伊斯梅利亞

ㄧ ㄙ ㄇㄟˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄧ ㄙ ㄇㄟˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ

/i⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ meɪ̯³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/i⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ meɪ̯³⁵ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/i⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ meɪ̯³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/i⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ meɪ̯³⁵ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


三藩

Back-formation from 三藩市 (Sānfānshì), understanding 市 (shì) to be the optional morpheme "city" sometimes attached to city names; (at the time of coinage, the full name was 三藩市埠.).

/sän⁵⁵ fän⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ fän³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ fän⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ fän³⁵/

(chiefly Mainland China) San Francisco (a city in California, United States)


伊斯法罕

/i⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/i⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Ultimately derived from Classical Persian اِصْفَهَان (isfahān).


凡爾登

/fän³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

/fän³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤŋ⁵⁵/


博克拉

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵/


北票

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/pɐk̚⁵ pʰiːu̯³³/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/pɐk̚⁵ pʰiːu̯³³/

(～市) Beipiao (a county-level city in Chaoyang, Liaoning, China)


卑爾根

/peɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kən⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kən⁵⁵/


原平

/ɥɛn³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～市) Yuanping (a county-level city in Xinzhou, Shanxi, China)


建甌

→ English: Chien-ou, Jian'ou

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kiːn³³ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

/kyoŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋɛu⁵⁵/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ au⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kiːn³³ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

/kyoŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋɛu⁵⁵/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ au⁴⁴/

(～市) Jian'ou (a county-level city in Nanping, Fujian, China)


塞克什白堡

ㄙㄞˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄕˊ ㄅㄞˊ ㄅㄠˇ

Сайкэши Бай Бао

/saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ paɪ̯³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Transcription of Hungarian székes + translation of fehér (“white”) and vár (“castle”).


茂物

/mɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹/

/mɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹/


賽城

/saɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of Malay Cyberjaya (cf. 賽博／赛博 (sàibó, “cyber-”)) + 城 (chéng, “city; town”).


什切青

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

West Pomeranian Voivodeship
West Pomeranian Voivodeship#English

Szczecin (the capital and largest city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)


班竹

/pän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/

/pän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/

(Taiwan) Banjul (the capital of the Gambia)


邁索爾

/maɪ̯⁵¹ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maɪ̯⁵¹ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


獨魯萬

/tu³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ wän⁵¹/

/tak̚²⁴⁻² lɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ban⁴¹/

/tu³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ wän⁵¹/

/tak̚²⁴⁻² lɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ban⁴¹/

(～市) Tacloban (a city, the provincial capital of Leyte, Philippines)


宿務

/su⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ bu⁴¹/

/su⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ bu⁴¹/

(～市, formerly ～埠) Cebu City (a city in Cebu, Philippines)


奈比多

/naɪ̯⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/naɪ̯⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Burmese နေပြည်တော် (ne-pranytau).


哥羅森

/kɤ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹ sɐm⁵⁵/

/kɤ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹ sɐm⁵⁵/


科林斯

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ lin³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/fɔː⁵⁵ lɐm²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ lin³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/fɔː⁵⁵ lɐm²¹ siː⁵⁵/


得撒洛尼

ㄉㄜˊ ㄙㄚ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄋㄧˊ

/tɤ³⁵ sä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ni³⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ saːt̚³ lɔːk̚³ nei̯²¹/

/tɤ³⁵ sä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ni³⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ saːt̚³ lɔːk̚³ nei̯²¹/


格林多

ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄨㄛ

/kɤ³⁵ lin³⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/kaːk̚³ lɐm²¹ tɔː⁵⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ lin³⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/kaːk̚³ lɐm²¹ tɔː⁵⁵/


費爾干納

ㄈㄟˋ ㄦˇ ㄍㄢ ㄋㄚˋ

/feɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kän⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/fɐi̯³³ jiː¹³ kɔːn⁵⁵ naːp̚²/

/feɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kän⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/fɐi̯³³ jiː¹³ kɔːn⁵⁵ naːp̚²/


拿撒勒

/nä³⁵ sä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹/

/nä³⁵ sä⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/naː²¹ saːt̚³ lɐk̚²/

/na⁴² sa²⁴ lɛ⁴²/

/nˡa³³⁻²¹ saʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃ɛiʔ⁵/

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sat̚³²⁻⁴ liɪk̚⁴/

/nã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sat̚³²⁻⁴ liɪk̚⁴/

/na⁵²⁻³⁵ sak̚²⁻⁴ lek̚⁴/

/nä³⁵ sä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹/

/nä³⁵ sä⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/naː²¹ saːt̚³ lɐk̚²/

/na⁴² sa²⁴ lɛ⁴²/

/nˡa³³⁻²¹ saʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃ɛiʔ⁵/

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sat̚³²⁻⁴ liɪk̚⁴/

/nã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sat̚³²⁻⁴ liɪk̚⁴/

/na⁵²⁻³⁵ sak̚²⁻⁴ lek̚⁴/

(Protestantism) Nazareth (a city in Israel)


浩罕

/xɑʊ̯⁵¹ xän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xɑʊ̯⁵¹ xän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


摩卡

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɔː⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɔː⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵/


杜尚貝

/tu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/tou̯²² sœːŋ²² puːi̯³³/

/tu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/tou̯²² sœːŋ²² puːi̯³³/

(Taiwan) Dushanbe (a city, the capital city of Tajikistan)


汕埠

/ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

(Taiwan) San Pedro Sula (a city in Honduras)


賭城

/tu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tou̯³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/tu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tou̯³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

美國賭城槍擊案

美国赌城枪击案

"City of Gambling", "Casino City": Las Vegas, Macau, etc.


臭港

/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐu̯³³ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐu̯³³ kɔːŋ³⁵/

By replacing 香 (xiāng, “fragrant”) in 香港 (Xiānggǎng) with antonym 臭 (chòu, “smelly; stinky”).

(derogatory or self-deprecatory) Hong Kong


伯靈頓

ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ liŋ³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/paːk̚³ lɪŋ²¹ tɵn²²/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ liŋ³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/paːk̚³ lɪŋ²¹ tɵn²²/


奧沙華

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/ou̯³³ saː⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/ou̯³³ saː⁵⁵ waː²¹/


詩梳風

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂu⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂu⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

Sisophon; Serei Saophoan (city in Cambodia)


三州府

/sän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ fuː³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ fuː³⁵/


斗六

→ English: Douliou, Douliu, Touliu

/toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/tɐu̯³⁵ lʊk̚²/

/tau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lak̚²⁴/

/tau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lak̚¹²¹/

/toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/tɐu̯³⁵ lʊk̚²/

/tau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lak̚²⁴/

/tau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lak̚¹²¹/

(～市) Douliu, Douliou, Touliu (a county-controlled city, the county seat of Yunlin County, Taiwan)


介休

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kaːi̯³³ jɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kaːi̯³³ jɐu̯⁵⁵/

Supposedly named by Ji Chong'er, the Wen Duke of Jin, in his remorse for having killed his loyal subject Jie Zhitui and Jie's mother with an intentional forest fire in the region.

(～市) Jiexiu (a county-level city in Jinzhong, Shanxi, China)


介休

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kaːi̯³³ jɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kaːi̯³³ jɐu̯⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Spanish Callao via Cantonese.


奇瓦瓦

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰei̯²¹ ŋaː¹³ ŋaː¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰei̯²¹ ŋaː¹³ ŋaː¹³/


石首

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² sɐu̯³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² sɐu̯³⁵/

(～市) Shishou (a county-level city in Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


吳川

/u³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/ŋ̍²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/u³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/ŋ̍²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～市) Wuchuan (a county-level city in Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China)


威爾克斯-巴里

ㄨㄟ ㄦˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙ ㄅㄚ ㄌㄧˇ

Вэйэркэсыбали

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Wilkes-Barre (a city in Pennsylvania, United States)


拿坡里

/nä³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naː²¹ pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/

/nä³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naː²¹ pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/


檀島

/tʰän³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰän³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

taan⁴ dou² taan¹ ngon⁶ dim² dim² leon⁴ gwong¹

檀島灘岸點點燐光

檀岛滩岸点点磷光

Honolulu (a city, the state capital of Hawaii, United States)


聖約翰

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵ xän⁵¹/

/sɪŋ³³ jœːk̚³ hɔːn²²/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵ xän⁵¹/

/sɪŋ³³ jœːk̚³ hɔːn²²/

Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda#English

(Mainland China) St. John's (a city, the capital city of Antigua and Barbuda)

Saint John (a city in New Brunswick, Canada)


聖約翰斯

ㄕㄥˋ ㄩㄝ ㄏㄢˋ ㄙ

Шэнъюэханьсы

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵ xän⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ jœːk̚³ hɔːn²² siː⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵ xän⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ jœːk̚³ hɔːn²² siː⁵⁵/

Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador#English

St. John's (the capital city of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada)

(Taiwan) St. John's (the capital city of Antigua and Barbuda)


曼克頓

/maːn²² hɐk̚⁵ tɵn²²/

/maːn²² hɐk̚⁵ tɵn²²/

Manhattan (a city, the county seat of Riley County, Kansas, United States)


沙壩

/saː⁵⁵ paː³³/

/saː⁵⁵ paː³³/

/sa²⁴⁻¹¹ pa⁵⁵/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³⁵ pa⁵³/

/sa²⁴⁻¹¹ pa⁵⁵/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³⁵ pa⁵³/

Sa Pa (the capital of Sa Pa district, Lào Cai, Vietnam)


樂蜀

/lɤ⁵¹ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔːk̚² sʊk̚²/

/lɤ⁵¹ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔːk̚² sʊk̚²/


怡朗

/i³⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²¹ lɔːŋ¹³/

/i²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/i³⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²¹ lɔːŋ¹³/

/i²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

From Hiligaynon Ilong-ilong, the river on which Iloilo city was built next to, as recorded in the Maragtas. It roughly translates to "nose-like", which could refer to the shape of the river's opening.

(Taiwan, Philippines) (～市, formerly ～埠) Iloilo (a city in Iloilo, Philippines)


坡縣

/pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/pɔː⁵⁵ jyːn²²/

/pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/pɔː⁵⁵ jyːn²²/

From Singapore's small area, which is comparable with a typical Chinese county or even a large county seat. Compare Little Red Dot in English that arouse from Singapore's geography.

2023 October 7, Lianhe Zaobao, “坡县”可以休矣！ ("Singapore County"? Just Stop It!):

In my opinion, those who refer Singapore as "Singapore County" should consider what would be their feeling if foreigners referred to China or Chinese in a humorous way?

Wǒ xiǎng, shuō “pōxiàn” de rén bùfáng huànwèisīkǎo yīxià, yào shì lǎowài yòng diàokǎn de fāngshì lái chēnghū zhōngguó huò zhōngguórén, gǎnshòu huì zěnme yàng ne?

我想，說「坡縣」的人不妨換位思考一下，要是老外用調侃的方式來稱呼中國或中國人，感受會怎麼樣呢？

我想，说「坡县」的人不妨换位思考一下，要是老外用调侃的方式来称呼中国或中国人，感受会怎么样呢？

(Mainland China, informal, derogatory) Singapore


洛城

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Alternative name for 洛陽／洛阳 (Luòyáng, “Luoyang (a prefecture-level city in Henan, China)”).

洛陽

(literary) Alternative name for 洛杉磯／洛杉矶 (Luòshānjī, “Los Angeles (a large city in California, United States)”).


坎大哈

/kʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹ xä⁵⁵/

/hɐm³⁵ taːi̯²² haː⁵⁵/

/kʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹ xä⁵⁵/

/hɐm³⁵ taːi̯²² haː⁵⁵/

Kandahar (the capital city of Kandahar province, Afghanistan)


馬德望

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ wɑŋ⁵¹/

/maː¹³ tɐk̚⁵ mɔːŋ²²/

/be⁵²⁻³⁵ tek̚²⁻⁴ mo¹¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ wɑŋ⁵¹/

/maː¹³ tɐk̚⁵ mɔːŋ²²/

/be⁵²⁻³⁵ tek̚²⁻⁴ mo¹¹/

(～市) Battambang (a city, the provincial capital of Battambang, Cambodia)


諾克斯維爾

ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙ ㄨㄟˊ ㄦˇ

/nu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɔːk̚² hɐk̚⁵ siː⁵⁵ wɐi̯²¹ jiː¹³/

/nɔːk̚² hɐk̚⁵ siː⁵⁵ wɐi̯²¹ jiː¹³/

Knoxville (a city in Tennessee, United States)


京滬穗

ㄐㄧㄥ ㄏㄨˋ ㄙㄨㄟˋ

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ xu⁵¹⁻⁵³ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ wuː²² sɵy̯²²/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ xu⁵¹⁻⁵³ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ wuː²² sɵy̯²²/


廣深

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən⁵⁵/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən⁵⁵/

Short for 廣州／广州 (Guǎngzhōu) + 深圳 (Shēnzhèn).


北上廣深

ㄅㄟˇ ㄕㄤˋ ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄕㄣ

Бэйшангуаншэнь

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ sœːŋ²² kʷɔːŋ³⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ sœːŋ²² kʷɔːŋ³⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/

Blend of 北京 (Běijīng) + 上海 (Shànghǎi) + 廣州／广州 (Guǎngzhōu) + 深圳 (Shēnzhèn).

Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen


柴楨

/ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Khmer ស្វាយរៀង (svaayriəng), via Cantonese.

(～市) Svay Rieng (a city, the capital city of Svay Rieng, Cambodia)


列治文

/li̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ wən³⁵/

/liːt̚² t͡siː²² mɐn²¹/

/li̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ wən³⁵/

/liːt̚² t͡siː²² mɐn²¹/

(specifically) Richmond (a city in Great Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada)


里士滿希爾

ㄌㄧˇ ㄕˋ ㄇㄢˇ ㄒㄧ ㄦˇ

Лишимань Сиэр

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(chiefly Mainland China) Richmond Hill (a city in Bryan County, Georgia, United States)


宋卡

/sʊŋ⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sʊŋ⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

1820, 謝清高, edited by 楊炳南, 海錄, pages 5–6:

Sòngkǎ guó zài Xiānluó nán shǎo dōng, yóu Xiānluó lùlù shíqī bā rì, shuǐlù dōngnán xíng shùnfēng wǔ liù rì kě dào, jiāngyù shù bǎi lǐ.

宋卡國在暹羅南少東，由暹羅陸路十七八日，水路東南行順風五六日可到，疆域數百里。

宋卡国在暹罗南少东，由暹罗陆路十七八日，水路东南行顺风五六日可到，疆域数百里。


貝爾維尤

ㄅㄟˋ ㄦˇ ㄨㄟˊ ㄧㄡˊ

/peɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ joʊ̯³⁵/

/peɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ joʊ̯³⁵/

Bellevue (a city in the United States), any of several cities with this name


灤州

/lu̯än³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lyːn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/lu̯än³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lyːn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Luanzhou (a county-level city in Tangshan, Hebei, China)


荔浦

→ Zhuang: Libuj

/li⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐi̯²² pʰou̯³⁵/

/li⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐi̯²² pʰou̯³⁵/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Lipu (a county-level city and former county of Guilin, Guangxi, China)


邵武

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～市) Shaowu (a county-level city in Nanping, Fujian, China)


漳平

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/t͡siũ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/t͡siũ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

(～市) Zhangping (a county-level city in Longyan, Fujian, China)