國學

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ hɔːk̚²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ hak̚⁴/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ hak̚²⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ hak̚¹²¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ hak̚⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ hak̚⁴/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ hɔːk̚²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ hak̚⁴/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ hak̚²⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ hak̚¹²¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ hak̚⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ hak̚⁴/


濱海灣

/pin⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wän⁵⁵/

/pin⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wän⁵⁵/


宿州

/su⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sʊk̚⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/syʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sieu⁵⁵/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡siu³³/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/soʔ³³ t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/su⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sʊk̚⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/syʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sieu⁵⁵/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡siu³³/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/soʔ³³ t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

(～市) Suzhou (a prefecture-level city in Anhui, China)


柳州

→ English: Liuzhou, Liu-chou, Liuchow

→ Zhuang: Liujcouh

/li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lɐu̯¹³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/liu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siu³³/

/li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lɐu̯¹³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/liu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siu³³/

(～市) Liuzhou (a prefecture-level city in north-central Guangxi, China)


黃石

→ English: Huangshi, Hwangshih

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ sɛːk̚²/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nuoʔ⁵/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sioʔ⁴/

/ŋ̍³³ t͡sioʔ²⁴/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sioʔ¹²¹/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sioʔ⁴/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/ɦuɑ̃²² zaʔ⁴⁴/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ sɛːk̚²/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nuoʔ⁵/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sioʔ⁴/

/ŋ̍³³ t͡sioʔ²⁴/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sioʔ¹²¹/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sioʔ⁴/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/ɦuɑ̃²² zaʔ⁴⁴/

Wong Shek (an area in Tai Po District on the Sai Kung Peninsula in Hong Kong)


燒賣

desc

→ English: shumai, shaomai, siew mai, siu mai, siomai

→ Indonesian: siomai

→ Japanese: 焼(シュウ)売(マイ) (shūmai), シウマイ (shiumai) (from Cantonese)

→ Korean: 사오마이 (saomai)

→ Tagalog: siyomay

→ Vietnamese: xíu mại (from Cantonese)

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ maɪ̯⁵¹/

/siːu̯⁵⁵ maːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/siːu̯⁵⁵ maːi̯²²⁻¹³/

/sio⁴⁴⁻²² mãi²²/

/sio⁴⁴⁻³³ mãi³³/

/siɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ mãi³³/

/sau⁴⁴⁻²² mãi²²/

/siau⁴⁴⁻³³ mãi³³/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ maɪ̯⁵¹/

/siːu̯⁵⁵ maːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/siːu̯⁵⁵ maːi̯²²⁻¹³/

/sio⁴⁴⁻²² mãi²²/

/sio⁴⁴⁻³³ mãi³³/

/siɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ mãi³³/

/sau⁴⁴⁻²² mãi²²/

/siau⁴⁴⁻³³ mãi³³/


德里

/tɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Delhi (a megacity and union territory of India, containing the national capital New Delhi)


蛋撻

/tän⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰä⁵¹/

/tän⁵¹ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tän⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰä⁵¹/

/tän⁵¹ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

egg tart; custard tart (Classifier: 件 c; 個／个 c)


蝦餃

→ English: har gow, hakaw

→ Spanish: jacau

→ Tagalog: hakaw

→ Thai: ฮะเก๋า (há-gǎo)

→ Vietnamese: há cảo

/ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː⁵⁵ kaːu̯³⁵/

/he²⁴⁻²² kiau⁵⁵⁴/

/hɛ¹³⁻²² kiau⁵³/

/ha⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ kau²³/

/ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː⁵⁵ kaːu̯³⁵/

/he²⁴⁻²² kiau⁵⁵⁴/

/hɛ¹³⁻²² kiau⁵³/

/ha⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ kau²³/

har gow (traditional Cantonese shrimp dumpling) (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 隻／只 c; 粒 c; 籠／笼 c)


塔里木盆地

ㄊㄚˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄇㄨˋ ㄆㄣˊ ㄉㄧˋ

Талиму пэньди

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹ pʰən³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/tʰaːp̚³ lei̯¹³ mʊk̚² pʰuːn²¹ tei̯²²/

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹ pʰən³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/tʰaːp̚³ lei̯¹³ mʊk̚² pʰuːn²¹ tei̯²²/


茶樓

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰaː²¹ lɐu̯²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰaː²¹ lɐu̯²¹/


馬來

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵/

/maː¹³ lɔːi̯²¹/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lai²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai¹³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴/

/mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lai²³/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵/

/maː¹³ lɔːi̯²¹/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lai²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai¹³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴/

/mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lai²³/

(often attributive) Malaysia (a country in Southeast Asia)


孟加拉人民共和國

ㄇㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄖㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

maang⁶ gaa¹ laai¹ jan⁴ man⁴ gung⁶ wo⁴ gwok³

Мэнцзяла Жэньминь Гунхэго

/mɤŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵ min³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

maang⁶ gaa¹ laai¹ jan⁴ man⁴ gung⁶ wo⁴ gwok⁸

mang⁶ ga¹ lai¹ yen⁴ men⁴ gung⁶ wo⁴ guog³

/maːŋ²² kaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ jɐn²¹ mɐn²¹ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

People's Republic of Bangladesh
People's Republic of Bangladesh


中圻

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


海東

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (海東):
* → Korean: 해동(海東) (haedong)

→ English: Haidong

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

Haidong, Qinghai is east of 青海湖 (Qīnghǎi Hú, “Qinghai Lake”, literally “Blue Sea”), and Korea is east of Bohai Bay and the Yellow Sea.


克格勃

/kʰɤ⁵¹ kɤ³⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ kɤ³⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

Transliteration of Russian КГБ (KGB, “kəɡɨˈbɛ”).

translit

KGB (the former Soviet State Security Committee)


倭人

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (倭人):
* → Japanese: 倭(わ)人(じん) (wajin)
* → Korean: 왜인(倭人) (waein)

/wɔ⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/wɔː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/wɔ⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/wɔː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

(dated, derogatory) Japanese person (term especially used in ancient China)


沙特

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/saː⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/saː⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/

沙特阿拉伯 沙特阿拉伯#Chinese

Short for 沙特阿拉伯 (Shātè Ālābó).: Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


道臺

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/tou̯²² tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/tɤ³³⁻²¹ tai²³/

/to²²⁻²¹ tai¹³/

/to²²⁻²¹ tai²⁴/

/to³³⁻¹¹ tai²⁴/

/tɔ⁴¹⁻²² tai²⁴/

/tau³⁵⁻¹¹ tʰai⁵⁵/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/tou̯²² tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/tɤ³³⁻²¹ tai²³/

/to²²⁻²¹ tai¹³/

/to²²⁻²¹ tai²⁴/

/to³³⁻¹¹ tai²⁴/

/tɔ⁴¹⁻²² tai²⁴/

/tau³⁵⁻¹¹ tʰai⁵⁵/

(history) circuit intendant or daotai: local governor or mayor in the imperial Chinese government under the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties


牛百葉

牛百叶
牛柏葉
牛栢葉
牛百頁

ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄅㄞˇ ㄧㄝˋ

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛ⁵¹/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ paːk̚³ jiːp̚²/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ pʰaːk̚³ jiːp̚²/

/ɡu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ peʔ²⁻⁴ hieʔ⁴/

/n̠ʲiɤ²² paʔ⁵⁵ ɦiɪʔ²¹/

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛ⁵¹/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ paːk̚³ jiːp̚²/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ pʰaːk̚³ jiːp̚²/

/ɡu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ peʔ²⁻⁴ hieʔ⁴/

/n̠ʲiɤ²² paʔ⁵⁵ ɦiɪʔ²¹/

薑蔥牛柏葉／姜葱牛柏叶 [Cantonese] ― goeng¹ cung¹ ngau⁴ paak³ jip⁶ [Jyutping]


京畿

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ kei̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ kei̯⁵⁵/

(～道) Gyeonggi (a province of South Korea)


土庫曼

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ män⁵¹/

/tʰou̯³⁵ fuː³³ maːn²²/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ²¹⁻⁵³ ban²²/

/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ban⁴¹/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ²¹⁻⁵³ ban²²/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ ban³³/

/tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ ban³³/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ män⁵¹/

/tʰou̯³⁵ fuː³³ maːn²²/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ²¹⁻⁵³ ban²²/

/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ban⁴¹/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ²¹⁻⁵³ ban²²/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ ban³³/

/tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ ban³³/


哈薩克

/xä⁵⁵ sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/xä⁵⁵ sä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/haː⁵⁵ saːt̚³ hɐk̚⁵/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sat̚³²⁻⁵ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ sat̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sat̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/xä⁵⁵ sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/xä⁵⁵ sä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/haː⁵⁵ saːt̚³ hɐk̚⁵/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sat̚³²⁻⁵ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ sat̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sat̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

Transliteration of Manchu ᡥᠠᠰᠠᡴ (hasak), from Written Oirat ᡍᠠᠰᠠᡎ (xasag), from Kazakh قزاق (qazāq /qazaq/), from Kipchak [Term?], from Common Turkic [Term?], from Proto-Turkic [Term?].

(Qing-era, collectively) Kazakhs (people)

(attributively) of the Kazakh people, Kazakh

Kazakhs (people)
of the Kazakh people, Kazakh


哈薩克

/xä⁵⁵ sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/xä⁵⁵ sä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/haː⁵⁵ saːt̚³ hɐk̚⁵/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sat̚³²⁻⁵ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ sat̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sat̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/xä⁵⁵ sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/xä⁵⁵ sä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/haː⁵⁵ saːt̚³ hɐk̚⁵/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sat̚³²⁻⁵ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ sat̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sat̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

(attributively, Taiwan) of Kazakhstan, Kazakhstani


廣式

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

廣式炒麵

广式炒面


港式

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

港式英語

港式英语

港式奶茶


文久

/wən³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐn²¹ kɐu̯³⁵/

/wən³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐn²¹ kɐu̯³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 文久 (Bunkyū).

obor

Bunkyū (Japanese era spanning from February 1861 through February 1864)


太學

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ hɔːk̚²/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ hɔːk̚²/

(historical) taixue (highest ranking educational institute in ancient China from the Han dynasty to the Sui dynasty)


新嘉坡

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰo⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɤ⁴⁴/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰo⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɤ⁴⁴/

1838, “推農務之會”, in Karl Gützlaff, editor, 東西洋考每月統紀傳 [Eastern Western Monthly Magazine], page 12:

Xiànglái yú Xīnjiāpō zhī tǔ zhǐ zhòng bōluómì, hújiāo éryǐ. Hòu zāi gāopī, gānzhè, lóuténg.

向來於新嘉坡之土止種波羅蜜、胡椒而已。後栽羔丕、甘蔗、蔞藤。

向来于新嘉坡之土止种波罗蜜、胡椒而已。后栽羔丕、甘蔗、蒌藤。

(dated) Alternative name for 新加坡 (Xīnjiāpō, “Singapore”).: Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


闍婆

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (闍婆):
* → Japanese: 闍婆(じゃわ) (jawa)
* → Vietnamese: Đồ Bà (闍婆)

/ʂɤ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɛː²¹ pʰɔː²¹/

/ʂɤ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɛː²¹ pʰɔː²¹/

闍婆婆達 闍婆婆達#Chinese

阇婆婆达 阇婆婆达#Chinese

Short for 闍婆婆達／阇婆婆达.: Kalingga Kingdom, an ancient country in present-day Central Java, Indonesia.


代購

/taɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ koʊ̯⁵¹/

/tɔːi̯²² kʰɐu̯³³/

/tɔːi̯²² kɐu̯³³/

/taɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ koʊ̯⁵¹/

/tɔːi̯²² kʰɐu̯³³/

/tɔːi̯²² kɐu̯³³/


腸粉

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵ fɐn³⁵/

/t͡sʰiaŋ²²⁻²²⁵ fun⁵⁵/

/tɯŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huŋ⁵²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵ fɐn³⁵/

/t͡sʰiaŋ²²⁻²²⁵ fun⁵⁵/

/tɯŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huŋ⁵²/

cheong fun (rice noodle rolls) (Classifier: 條／条)


歐亞大陸

ㄡ ㄧㄚˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄨˋ

ㄡ ㄧㄚˇ ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄨˋ

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ aː³³ taːi̯²² lʊk̚²/

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ aː³³ taːi̯²² lʊk̚²/


中國式

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ sɪk̚⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ sɪk̚⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚³²/


中土

Sino-Xenic (中土):
* → Korean: 중토(中土) (jungto)

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰou̯³⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔ⁵³/

/tiɔŋ³³ tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔ⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔ⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔ⁴¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰou̯³⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔ⁵³/

/tiɔŋ³³ tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔ⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔ⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔ⁴¹/

Shi Huijiao, Memoirs of Eminent Monks, circa 530 CE

Fótúluóchà, bù zhī hé guó rén, dé yè chúncuì, gāi lǎn jīngdiǎn. Jiǔ yóu Zhōngtǔ, shàn xián hànyán, qí xuān yì fàn, wén jiàn zhòng fú shì.

佛圖羅剎，不知何國人，德業純粹，該覽經典。久遊中土，善閑漢言，其宣譯梵，文見重符世。

佛图罗刹，不知何国人，德业纯粹，该览经典。久游中土，善闲汉言，其宣译梵，文见重符世。


港人

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ jɐn²¹/

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ jɐn²¹/


蘇拉威西

/su⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/sou̯⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ wɐi̯⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/su⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/sou̯⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ wɐi̯⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/


港澳臺

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ ou̯³³ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ ou̯³³ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

Short for 香港 (Xiānggǎng) + 澳門／澳门 (Àomén) + 臺灣／台湾 (Táiwān).

zh-etym-short

international and Hong Kong/Macau/Taiwan flights

國際、港澳臺航班

国际、港澳台航班


沙特阿拉伯王國

ㄕㄚ ㄊㄜˋ ㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄛˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Шатэ Алабо Ванго

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ tɐk̚² aː³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ wɔːŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

(Mainland China) Kingdom of Saudi Arabia


婆羅洲

/pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pʰɔː²¹ lɔː²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pʰɔː²¹ lɔː²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

淨你到婆羅洲

净你到婆罗洲


澎湖列島

ㄆㄥˊ ㄏㄨˊ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄉㄠˇ

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ xu³⁵ li̯ɛ⁵¹ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ wuː²¹ liːt̚² tou̯³⁵/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ xu³⁵ li̯ɛ⁵¹ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ wuː²¹ liːt̚² tou̯³⁵/


盧比

/lu³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

From English rupee, from Hindi रुपीया (rupīyā), variant of रुपया (rupyā) or Urdu رپیا (rupayā), coined by Mughal emperor Sher Shah Suri (1540–45), from Sanskrit रूप्यक (rūpyaka, “silver coin”), from रूप्य (rūpya, “wrought silver”).


班加羅爾

ㄅㄢ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄦˇ

/pän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːn⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹ jiː¹³/

/pän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːn⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹ jiː¹³/

(Mainland China) Bangalore (a megacity, the state capital of Karnataka, India)


長洲

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～區) Changzhou (a prefecture-level city in southern Jiangsu, China)


鹹水角

ㄒㄧㄢˊ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄠˇ

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haːm²¹ sɵy̯³⁵ kɔːk̚³/

/haːm²¹ sɵy̯³⁵ kɔːk̚³⁻³⁵/

/haːm²¹ sɵy̯³⁵ kɔːk̚³/

/haːm²¹ sɵy̯³⁵ kɔːk̚³⁻³⁵/

fried dumpling with pork (a common dim sum dish) (Classifier: 隻／只 c)


糯米雞

→ English: lo mai gai, loh mai kai

/nu̯ɔ⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/nɔː²² mɐi̯¹³ kɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ⁿdᵘɔ³² ᵐbai⁵⁵ kai³³/

/nu̯ɔ⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/nɔː²² mɐi̯¹³ kɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ⁿdᵘɔ³² ᵐbai⁵⁵ kai³³/

lo mai gai (a common dim sum dish; steamed glutinous rice wrapped in lotus leaf) (Classifier: 隻／只 c)


芋角

/y⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wuː²² kɔːk̚³/

/wuː²² kɔːk̚³⁻³⁵/

/y⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wuː²² kɔːk̚³/

/wuː²² kɔːk̚³⁻³⁵/


馬蹄糕

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ tʰɐi̯²¹ kou̯⁵⁵/

/ma⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰaɪ¹¹ kau⁴⁴/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ tʰɐi̯²¹ kou̯⁵⁵/

/ma⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰaɪ¹¹ kau⁴⁴/

water chestnut cake (a common sweet dim sum dish)


炸兩

/ʈ͡ʂä³⁵ li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡saː³³ lœːŋ¹³⁻³⁵/

/t͡saː³³ lœːŋ¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂä³⁵ li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡saː³³ lœːŋ¹³⁻³⁵/

/t͡saː³³ lœːŋ¹³/

; “middleman who helps two parties that have arguments to make peace”

zhaliang (a common dim sum dish; youtiao wrapped with rice noodle rolls)


太極旗

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ kɪk̚² kʰei̯²¹/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² ki²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ki¹³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² ki²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² ki²³/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiak̚²⁴⁻² ki²⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ kɪk̚² kʰei̯²¹/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² ki²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ki¹³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² ki²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² ki²³/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiak̚²⁴⁻² ki²⁴/

Taegeukgi, the official flag of South Korea


魷魚鬚

/joʊ̯³⁵ y³⁵ ɕy⁵⁵/

/jɐu̯²¹ jyː²¹ sou̯⁵⁵/

/joʊ̯³⁵ y³⁵ ɕy⁵⁵/

/jɐu̯²¹ jyː²¹ sou̯⁵⁵/

squid tentacle (a popular dim sum dish) (Classifier: 條／条)


奶黃包

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/naːi̯¹³ wɔːŋ²¹ paːu̯⁵⁵/

/na²² ɦuɑ̃⁵⁵ pɔ²¹/

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/naːi̯¹³ wɔːŋ²¹ paːu̯⁵⁵/

/na²² ɦuɑ̃⁵⁵ pɔ²¹/

egg custard bun (a dim sum dish consisting of a round baozi filled with custard)


牛肉球

ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄖㄡˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊ

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʐoʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ jʊk̚² kʰɐu̯²¹/

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʐoʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ jʊk̚² kʰɐu̯²¹/

steamed beef ball (a popular dim sum dish)


腐皮捲

ㄈㄨˇ ㄆㄧˊ ㄐㄩㄢˇ

/fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰi³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fuː²² pʰei̯²¹ kyːn³⁵/

/fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰi³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fuː²² pʰei̯²¹ kyːn³⁵/

tofu skin roll; tofu roll (a popular dim sum dish) (Classifier: 條／条)


蒸籠

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (蒸籠):
* → Japanese: 蒸(せい)籠(ろう) (seirō); 蒸(せい)籠(ろ) (seiro)

→ Japanese: チョンロン (chonron)

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sən⁵⁵ noŋ²¹/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sən⁵⁵ noŋ²¹/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/


港女

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

(Internet slang, derogatory) "[Hong] Kong girl" (a stereotypical type of girl from Hong Kong who is excessively vain, self-centered, and materialistic)


馬拉糕

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ laːi̯⁵⁵ kou̯⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ laːi̯⁵⁵ kou̯⁵⁵/

Debated, perhaps from 馬拉／马拉 (maa5 laai1, “Malay”) + 糕 (gou1, “cake”).

Cantonese sponge cake; Malay sponge cake (a common dim sum dish) (Classifier: 件 c)


羅剎

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵¹/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵¹/

Phono-semantic matching of Manchu ᠯᠣᠴᠠ (loca, “Russian”, noun), from Solon lōča (“Russian”, noun). Also intentionally used due to another meaning of this word, "rakshasa" (a sort of demon or monster), to demonize Russians during wars between the Qing Dynasty and the Russian Empire.
Compare modern Solon ᠯᠣᠤᠲ (loot, “Russian”, noun), ᠯᠣᠤᠴᠠ (looqa, “Russian”, noun); Daur luaaq (“Russian”, noun); Nanai лоча (loča); Evenki лӯча (lūça), Even ню̄чи (ņūci), Yakut нуучча (nuucca); Ainu ヌチャ (nuca), etc.

psm

According to the report of Langtan and others, it is very easy to attack and seize Russia, sending 3,000 soldiers is enough.

1689, 《平定羅剎方略》 (Strategic Narrative of the Pacification of Russia)

Jù Lángtǎn děng zòu, gōngqǔ Luóchà shèn yì, fā bīng sān qiān zú yǐ.

據郎坦等奏，攻取羅剎甚易，發兵三千足矣。

据郎坦等奏，攻取罗刹甚易，发兵三千足矣。

Formerly, the Heilongjiang general Sabsu presented the report: those Funde Bošokū (驍騎校), such as Šogese, went to investigate the situation of Russians.

1731, 《聖祖仁皇帝實錄》

Xiānshì, Hēilóngjiāng jiāngjūn Sàbùsù zòu, Xiāoqíjiào Shuògésè děng, wǎng tàn Luóchà qíngxíng.

先是，黑龍江將軍薩布素奏，驍騎校碩格色等，往探羅剎情形。

1731, 《聖祖仁皇帝實錄》

先是，黑龙江将军萨布素奏，骁骑校硕格色等，往探罗刹情形。

However, my Shengzu [Emperor Kangxi] still issued an order to the generals, saying that the Chinese soldiers and horses are strong, the weapons are strong, and the Russians are invincible. When they return to their hometown, they should not kill anyone in order to return to their homeland.

Ér wǒ Shèngzǔ yóu xuānyù zhū jiàng, wèi Zhōngguó bīngmǎ jīngqiáng, qìxiè jiānlì, Luóchà shì bùnéng dí, guīchéng shí wù shā yīrén, bǐ huán gùtǔ.

而我聖祖猶宣諭諸將，謂中國兵馬精強，器械堅利，羅剎勢不能敵，歸誠時勿殺一人，俾還故土。

而我圣祖犹宣谕诸将，谓中国兵马精强，器械坚利，罗刹势不能敌，归诚时勿杀一人，俾还故土。

The Russians have invaded our territory and have used the city of Yagsi as their nest. They have been killing and plundering for many years.

1929, Zhao Erxun (lead editor), Draft History of Qing

Luóchà fàn wǒ jìng, shì Yǎkèsà chéng wèi cháoxué, lìnián yǐjiǔ, shālüè bùyǐ.

羅剎犯我境，恃雅克薩城為巢穴，歷年已久，殺掠不已。

罗刹犯我境，恃雅克萨城为巢穴，历年已久，杀掠不已。

(obsolete, derogatory, ethnic slur) Russia, Russians


倭國

/wɔ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/wɔː⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/wɔ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/wɔː⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/


中國內地

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄋㄟˋ ㄉㄧˋ

Чжунго нэйди

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ nɔːi̯²² tei̯²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ nɔːi̯²² tei̯²²/


中國特色

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄜˋ ㄙㄜˋ

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ tɐk̚² sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹ dəʔ¹¹ səʔ²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ tɐk̚² sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹ dəʔ¹¹ səʔ²³/

中國特色社會主義

中国特色社会主义

Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era

Xí Jìnpíng xīn shídài Zhōngguó tèsè shèhuì zhǔyì sīxiǎng

習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想


港語

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ jyː¹³/

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ jyː¹³/

the lingo of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Cantonese


東三省

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ sän⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ saːm⁵⁵ saːŋ³⁵/

/tuŋ⁴² san⁴² ˈsɛn²¹³/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ sän⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ saːm⁵⁵ saːŋ³⁵/

/tuŋ⁴² san⁴² ˈsɛn²¹³/

Attested in various books of the Siku Quanshu [18th century], before Shengjing (Fengtian), Jilin and Heilongjiang were converted into provinces by the Qing dynasty in 1907.

the three provinces of Northeastern China, namely Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning


慶尚北道

ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄕㄤˋ ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄠˋ

Циншанбэйдао

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/hɪŋ³³ sœːŋ²² pɐk̚⁵ tou̯²²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/hɪŋ³³ sœːŋ²² pɐk̚⁵ tou̯²²/

North Gyeongsang
North Gyeongsang#English

North Gyeongsang (a province of South Korea)


華南

/xu̯ä³⁵ nän³⁵/

/xu̯ä³⁵ nän³⁵/

South China (made up of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, and Macau)


契弟

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/kʰɐi̯³³ tɐi̯²²/

/kʰie²¹³⁻⁵³ tiɛ²⁴²/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/kʰɐi̯³³ tɐi̯²²/

/kʰie²¹³⁻⁵³ tiɛ²⁴²/

/kʰie²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɑ²⁴²/

/kʰue²¹⁻⁵³ te²²/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/kʰɐi̯³³ tɐi̯²²/

/kʰie²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɑ²⁴²/

/kʰue²¹⁻⁵³ te²²/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, neologism) China


棉花雞

/mi̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/miːn²¹ faː⁵⁵ kɐi̯⁵⁵/

/mi̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/miːn²¹ faː⁵⁵ kɐi̯⁵⁵/

棉花 (miánhuā) refers to the fish maw, which resembles a piece of cotton.

steamed chicken with fish maw (a common dim sum dish)


列王紀

ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄐㄧˋ

/li̯ɛ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/liːt̚² wɔːŋ²¹ kei̯³⁵/

/liːt̚² wɔːŋ²¹ kei̯³³/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ki⁵³/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ki²¹/

/liɛt̚²⁴⁻² ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ki⁵⁵⁴/

/liɛt̚²⁴⁻² ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ki⁴¹/

/liɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɔŋ¹³⁻²² ki⁵³/

/liɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɔŋ¹³⁻²² ki²¹/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki⁵³/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki¹¹/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ɔŋ²³⁻³³ ki⁴¹/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ɔŋ²³⁻³³ ki²¹/

/li̯ɛ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/liːt̚² wɔːŋ²¹ kei̯³⁵/

/liːt̚² wɔːŋ²¹ kei̯³³/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ki⁵³/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ki²¹/

/liɛt̚²⁴⁻² ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ki⁵⁵⁴/

/liɛt̚²⁴⁻² ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ki⁴¹/

/liɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɔŋ¹³⁻²² ki⁵³/

/liɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɔŋ¹³⁻²² ki²¹/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki⁵³/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki¹¹/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ɔŋ²³⁻³³ ki⁴¹/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ɔŋ²³⁻³³ ki²¹/

Kings (one of two books in the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh)

Shahnameh (epic poem written by Ferdowsi)


撫州

/fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/fuː³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/fu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/vu²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/ɦu²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/fuː³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/fu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/vu²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/ɦu²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

Fuzhou (a prefecture-level city in northeastern Jiangxi, China)


杜爾伯特

ㄉㄨˋ ㄦˇ ㄅㄛˊ ㄊㄜˋ

/tu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/tu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

Qing-era transliteration of Manchu ᡩᡠᡵᠪᡝᡨ (durbet), from Classical Mongolian ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳ (dörbed) and Written Oirat ᡑᡈᠷᡋᡈᡑ (dörböd).

translit

(historical) (～氏) An ancient Mongolian clan

(historical) (～部) Dörbet (Mongolian tribe of Borjigit-clan origin)

(historical) (～部) Dörbet (Oirat-Mongolian tribe of Choros-clan origin)


石叻

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/sɛːk̚² lɪk̚⁵/

/sɛːk̚² lɐk̚²/

/sit̚⁴³⁻²¹ lat̚⁴³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/sɛːk̚² lɪk̚⁵/

/sɛːk̚² lɐk̚²/

/sit̚⁴³⁻²¹ lat̚⁴³/

Borrowed from Malay selat (“strait”). Singapore was the capital of Straits Settlements as a British colony.


叻埠

/lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/lɪk̚⁵ fɐu̯²²/

/lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/lɪk̚⁵ fɐu̯²²/

叻 (lè) is short for short for 石叻 (Shílè), itself from Malay Malay selat (“strait”).


呂宋

→ Manchu: ᠯᡳᠣᡳ
ᠰᡠᠩ (lioi sung)

/ly²¹⁴⁻²¹ sʊŋ⁵¹/

/lɵy̯¹³ sʊŋ³³/

/lui²¹ ɬɵŋ³³/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ suŋ⁵⁵/

/lu³³⁻¹¹ sɔŋ¹¹/

/lu²²⁻²¹ sɔŋ²¹/

/lɯ²² sɔŋ⁴¹/

/li³³⁻²¹ sɔŋ²¹/

/li²²⁻²¹ sɔŋ²¹/

/lɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ soŋ²¹³/

/ly²¹⁴⁻²¹ sʊŋ⁵¹/

/lɵy̯¹³ sʊŋ³³/

/lui²¹ ɬɵŋ³³/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ suŋ⁵⁵/

/lu³³⁻¹¹ sɔŋ¹¹/

/lu²²⁻²¹ sɔŋ²¹/

/lɯ²² sɔŋ⁴¹/

/li³³⁻²¹ sɔŋ²¹/

/li²²⁻²¹ sɔŋ²¹/

/lɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ soŋ²¹³/

北線

呂宋／吕宋 (Lū-sòng, “Luzon; (archaic) The Philippines”)

(archaic) Northern & Central Luzon; Provinces in Luzon North of Metro Manila; Northern Route

南線

(archaic) Southern Luzon; Provinces in Luzon South of Metro Manila; Southern Route

(～市) (obsolete) Manila (the capital city of the Philippines)


國粹

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ sɵy̯²²/

/kʷɔːk̚³ sɵy̯¹³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰui⁴¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰui¹¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰui²¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰui²¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sui¹¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sui²¹/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ sɵy̯²²/

/kʷɔːk̚³ sɵy̯¹³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰui⁴¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰui¹¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰui²¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰui²¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sui¹¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sui²¹/

to be passionate about preserving the quintessence of Chinese culture

熱衷於保存國粹

热衷于保存国粹

essence of a nation's culture; (specifically) quintessence of Chinese culture


靈園

/liŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/liŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/


港島

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ tou̯³⁵/

Short for 香港島／香港岛 (Xiānggǎngdǎo, “Hong Kong Island”).


港紙

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/kuɔŋ³¹ t͡sz̩³¹/

/kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sua⁴¹/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sua⁵³/

/kaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sua⁵²⁻²¹/

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/kuɔŋ³¹ t͡sz̩³¹/

/kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sua⁴¹/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sua⁵³/

/kaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sua⁵²⁻²¹/

一百蚊港紙

一百蚊港纸

(chiefly Cantonese, Pinghua, Hakka, Southern Min, Liuzhou Mandarin, cant in Beijing Mandarin) Hong Kong dollar


阿昌族

→ Bouyei: Aycangyzuf

→ Zhuang: Ahcanghcuz

/ˀä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/aː³³ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/a³³ t͡sʰiɔŋ³³ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/aː³³ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/a³³ t͡sʰiɔŋ³³ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/


雲林

/wɐn²¹ lɐm²¹/

/huŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡiŋ⁵³/

/wɐn²¹ lɐm²¹/

/huŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡiŋ⁵³/


臺東

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰoi̯¹¹ tuŋ²⁴/

/tai⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾løyŋ⁵⁵/

/tai²⁴⁻¹¹ taŋ⁴⁴/

/tai²³⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/tai¹³⁻²² tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tai²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ³³/

/tai²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰoi̯¹¹ tuŋ²⁴/

/tai⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾løyŋ⁵⁵/

/tai²⁴⁻¹¹ taŋ⁴⁴/

/tai²³⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/tai¹³⁻²² tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tai²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ³³/

/tai²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁴⁴/


苗栗

→ English: Miaoli, Miao-li

/mi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ li⁵¹/

/miːu̯²¹ lɵt̚²/

/miãu²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

/miãu²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

/biau¹³⁻²² lit̚¹²¹/

/mi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ li⁵¹/

/miːu̯²¹ lɵt̚²/

/miãu²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

/miãu²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

/biau¹³⁻²² lit̚¹²¹/

Alternation of 貓貍 (Bâ-lî, literally “viverrid”) or 貓里／貓裏 (Bâ-lí), from Babuza Bari (“name of a tribe”).

zh-l

貓里／貓裏 (Bâ-lí)


五羊城

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ jœːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/ŋou³⁵⁻¹¹ ienn⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siann⁵⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ jœːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/ŋou³⁵⁻¹¹ ienn⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siann⁵⁵/

From the legend of the five sheep or goats ridden by the Taoist immortals who visited Guangzhou at its founding and introduced the cultivation of rice to its people. Their mounts were said to have turned into the five stones once preserved in the city's Temple of the Five Immortals.

(literary) City of the Five Rams, Guangzhou (a city in Guangdong, China)


計順

/t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/ke⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sun⁴¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/ke⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sun⁴¹/

Borrowed from English Quezon via Hokkien, where Quezon comes from the surname of Pres. Manuel L. Quezon, which is from Spanish Quezon, which is from Hokkien. (See also Tagalog Tuazon, Dizon, Lacson, Tiongson, etc.).

(Philippines) (～市) Quezon City (a city in Metro Manila, Philippines)

(Philippines) (～省) Quezon (a province of the Philippines)


光州

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～廣域市, ～市) Gwangju (a metropolitan city of South Korea)


摩星

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/


國體

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːk̚³ tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tʰe⁵³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ tʰe⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ tʰe⁵³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tʰe⁵³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tʰe⁴¹/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːk̚³ tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tʰe⁵³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ tʰe⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ tʰe⁵³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tʰe⁵³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tʰe⁴¹/

(politics, philosophy, chiefly historical) kokutai (the national essence and character of Japan viewed as conforming to Shinto-Confucian ideals, with the emperor as its ethical, spiritual, cultural and political center)


拉布拉多

ㄌㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄨㄛ

/lä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ pou̯³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/

/lä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ pou̯³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/


馬爾地夫

ㄇㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄈㄨ

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ jiː¹³ tei̯²² fuː⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ jiː¹³ tei̯²² fuː⁵⁵/


卡達

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä³⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ taːt̚²/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä³⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ taːt̚²/


支那通

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ nä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ nä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

(obsolete, often derogatory) China hand or sinologue (term formerly used by the Japanese)


喬治亞

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ t͡siː²² aː³³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ t͡siː²² aː³³/

(Taiwan) Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)


契哥

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ kɤ⁵⁵/

/kʰɐi̯³³ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kʰie²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾o⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ kɤ⁵⁵/

/kʰɐi̯³³ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kʰie²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾o⁵⁵/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, neologism) Russia


女體盛

/ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/


男體盛

/nän³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/nän³⁵ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/


布達拉宮

ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄚ ㄍㄨㄥ

/pu⁵¹ tä³⁵ lä⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pou̯³³ taːt̚² laːi̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pu⁵¹ tä³⁵ lä⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pou̯³³ taːt̚² laːi̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

From Tibetan པོ་ཏ་ལ (po ta la) + Chinese 宮／宫 (gōng).

1994, Zheng Jun (lyrics and music), “回到拉薩 [Returning to Lhasa]”, in 赤裸裸 [chìluǒluǒ, Naked], 紅星生產社 [Red Star Productions]:

I returned to Lhasa / I returned to the Potala Palace

回到拉薩/回到了布達拉宮

回到拉萨/回到了布达拉宫

Potala Palace (chief residence of the Dalai Lama in Lhasa)


吉打

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ taː³⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ taː³⁵/


墾丁

/kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐn³⁵ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiɪŋ³³/

/kʰun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐn³⁵ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiɪŋ³³/

/kʰun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

Kenting (a national park in Pingtung, Taiwan)


氹仔

/tɑŋ⁵¹ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɐm¹³ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/tɑŋ⁵¹ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɐm¹³ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/


都蘭

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ (dulaɣan).

(～縣) Dulan County (a county in Haixi, Qinghai)


都蘭

Borrowed from Amis 'Atolan (literally “a pile of rocks”).

bor

'Atolan (an Amis tribe located in Taitung, Taiwan)


文字獄

/wən³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/mɐn²¹ t͡siː²² jʊk̚²/

/wən³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/mɐn²¹ t͡siː²² jʊk̚²/

literary inquisition
literary inquisition


阿美族

/ˀä⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/aː³³ mei̯¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/ˀä⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/aː³³ mei̯¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

Amis people (an indigenous people of Taiwan)


豐年祭

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ niːn²¹ t͡sɐi̯³³/

/fuŋ²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹ t͡si⁵⁵/

/fuŋ²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹ t͡si⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² t͡se²¹/

/hɔŋ³³ nĩ²⁴⁻²² t͡se⁴¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ¹³⁻²² t͡se²¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡se¹¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ²³⁻³³ t͡se²¹/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ niːn²¹ t͡sɐi̯³³/

/fuŋ²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹ t͡si⁵⁵/

/fuŋ²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹ t͡si⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² t͡se²¹/

/hɔŋ³³ nĩ²⁴⁻²² t͡se⁴¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ¹³⁻²² t͡se²¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡se¹¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ²³⁻³³ t͡se²¹/

harvest festival, especially of Taiwanese indigenous peoples


俀國

/tʰu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/tʰu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

(archaic) Alternative form of 倭國／倭国 (Wōguó)


北京烤鴨

ㄅㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄎㄠˇ ㄧㄚ

Бэйцзин каоя

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ haːu̯⁵⁵ aːp̚³/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ haːu̯⁵⁵ aːp̚³/


檳城

/piŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pɐn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/peŋ³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/pin³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/piŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pɐn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/peŋ³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/pin³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

Shí gèrén qīn jiàn Bīnchéng tóngzhì zhī qióng, wúděng wángmìng jìngdì zhī kùn, rìcháng zhī fèi měi yǒu bùjǐ, gù ān dé yúzī yǐwéi huódòng, yǔ zàisān yán bì kě shèfǎ.

時各人親見檳城同志之窮，吾等亡命境地之困，日常之費每有不給，顧安得餘資以為活動，予再三言必可設法。

时各人亲见槟城同志之穷，吾等亡命境地之困，日常之费每有不给，顾安得余资以为活动，予再三言必可设法。


雙十節

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ sɐp̚² t͡siːt̚³/

/suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨp̚⁵ t͡si̯et̚²/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sip̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɛt̚³²/

/siaŋ³³ sip̚²⁴⁻² t͡siɛt̚⁵/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sip̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɛt̚³²/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sip̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɛt̚³²/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ sɐp̚² t͡siːt̚³/

/suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨp̚⁵ t͡si̯et̚²/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sip̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɛt̚³²/

/siaŋ³³ sip̚²⁴⁻² t͡siɛt̚⁵/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siɛt̚³²/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sip̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɛt̚³²/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sip̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɛt̚³²/

Double Tenth Day (National Day of the Republic of China)


中意

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ i⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jiː³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ i⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jiː³³/


僑商

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/kiau²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kiau²³⁻³³ siɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kiau²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ³³/

/kiau²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/kiau²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kiau²³⁻³³ siɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kiau²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ³³/

/kiau²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔŋ⁴⁴/

overseas Chinese businessperson (especially one doing business in Greater China)


藏醫

/t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ i⁵⁵/

/t͡sɔːŋ²² jiː⁵⁵/

/t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ i⁵⁵/

/t͡sɔːŋ²² jiː⁵⁵/


一卡通

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ kʰaːt̚⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² kʰa(ʔ)⁵ tɔŋ³³/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ kʰa⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/it̚³²⁻⁵ kʰa⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ kʰaːt̚⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² kʰa(ʔ)⁵ tɔŋ³³/

/it̚³²⁻⁴ kʰa⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/it̚³²⁻⁵ kʰa⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

public transport
public transport#English

(specifically) Yikatong (Beijing public transport smart card)


哈日族

/xä⁵⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/haː⁵⁵ jɐt̚² t͡sʊk̚²/

/xä⁵⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/haː⁵⁵ jɐt̚² t͡sʊk̚²/


哈日

/haː⁵⁵ jɐt̚²/

/haː⁵⁵ jɐt̚²/

to be fond of the Japanese culture; to be Japanophilic


親日派

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ jɐt̚² pʰaːi̯³³/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ jɐt̚² pʰaːi̯³³/


小日子

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩ɻ¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ jɐt̚² t͡siː³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩ɻ¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ jɐt̚² t͡siː³⁵/

(Internet slang, derogatory) Japan; the Japanese


玄學

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ hɔːk̚²/

/hiɛn¹³⁻²² hak̚¹²¹/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² hak̚⁴/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² hak̚²⁴/

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ hɔːk̚²/

/hiɛn¹³⁻²² hak̚¹²¹/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² hak̚⁴/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻²² hak̚²⁴/


阿拉伯海

ㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄛˊ ㄏㄞˇ

/ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ hɔːi̯³⁵/


金奈

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ naɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ naɪ̯⁵¹/

Chennai (the capital and largest city of Tamil Nadu, India)


日軍

/ʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/jɐt̚² kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kun⁴⁴/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/jɐt̚² kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kun⁴⁴/


高棉

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (高棉):
* → Vietnamese: Cao Miên (高棉)

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ mi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɛn²³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ biɛn²⁴/

/kau³³⁻²³ miaŋ⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ mi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɛn²³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ biɛn²⁴/

/kau³³⁻²³ miaŋ⁵⁵/

Ultimately from Khmer ខ្មែរ (khmae), perhaps via Thai เขมร (kà-měen, “Khmer”).

紅色高棉

红色高棉

高棉語

高棉语

(dated or regional) Cambodia (a country in Southeast Asia); Kampuchea; Khmer


砂拉越

/ʂä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/saː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/

/ʂä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/saː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/


亞塞拜然

ㄧㄚˋ ㄙㄞˋ ㄅㄞˋ ㄖㄢˊ

ㄧㄚˇ ㄙㄞˋ ㄅㄞˋ ㄖㄢˊ

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ paɪ̯⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ paɪ̯⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/

/aː³³ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ paːi̯³³ jiːn²¹/

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ paɪ̯⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ paɪ̯⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/

/aː³³ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ paːi̯³³ jiːn²¹/

(Taiwan) Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


錫金

Sino-Xenic (錫金):
* → Vietnamese: Xích Kim (錫金)

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/ɕi³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚³ kɐm⁵⁵/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ kim⁴⁴/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kim⁴⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/ɕi³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚³ kɐm⁵⁵/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ kim⁴⁴/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kim⁴⁴/

(～邦) Sikkim (a state in eastern India; capital: Gangtok)


沙烏地阿拉伯

Shāwūdì Ālābó

ㄕㄚ ㄨ ㄉㄧˋ ㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄛˊ

Shāwūdì Ālābó

/ʂä⁵⁵ u⁵⁵ ti⁵¹ ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ wuː⁵⁵ tei̯²² aː³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³/

/ʂä⁵⁵ u⁵⁵ ti⁵¹ ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

(Taiwan) Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


阿拉伯聯合大公國

ㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄉㄚˋ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

aa³ laai¹ baak³ lyun⁴ hap⁶ daai⁶ gung¹ gwok³

Алабо Ляньхэ Дагунго

/ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵ tä⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

aa³ laai¹ baak⁸ lyn⁴ hap⁹ daai⁶ gung¹ gwok⁸

/aː³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ lyːn²¹ hɐp̚² taːi̯²² kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates


塔吉克

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/tʰaːp̚³ kɐt̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kit̚³²⁻⁵ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/tʰaːp̚³ kɐt̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kit̚³²⁻⁵ kʰiɪk̚³²/


葉里溫

/jɛ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən⁵⁵/

/ɦiɪʔ¹¹ li²² uən²³/

/jɛ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən⁵⁵/

/ɦiɪʔ¹¹ li²² uən²³/

(Taiwan) Yerevan (a city, the capital city of Armenia)


葉門

/jɛ⁵¹ mən³⁵/

/jɛ⁵¹ mən³⁵/

(Taiwan) Yemen (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


北京話

ㄅㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ waː²²⁻³⁵/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ ue³³/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ waː²²⁻³⁵/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ ue³³/

Pekingese; Beijingese; the Beijing dialect of Mandarin


雞爪子

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ä²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡sau⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡sua⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕi³³ t͡sɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ä²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡sau⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡sua⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕi³³ t͡sɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/


雞腳

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ kœːk̚³/

/kue⁴⁴⁻²² kʰa⁴⁴/

/kue⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰa⁴⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰa⁴⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² kʰa⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ kœːk̚³/

/kue⁴⁴⁻²² kʰa⁴⁴/

/kue⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰa⁴⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰa⁴⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² kʰa⁴⁴/


雞爪

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sau³¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sau³¹/


濟州語

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


午門

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ muːn²¹/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ muːn²¹/

Meridian Gate (the southern and largest gate of the Forbidden City in Beijing, China)


約旦河

/ɥɛ⁵⁵ tän⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/jœːk̚³ taːn³³ hɔː²¹/

/jœːk̚³ taːn²² hɔː²¹/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tan²¹⁻⁵³ ho²⁴/

/iɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ tan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ho²⁴/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁵ tan²¹⁻⁵³ ho¹³/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tan¹¹⁻⁵³ ho²⁴/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tan²¹⁻⁴¹ hɤ²³/

/ɥɛ⁵⁵ tän⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/jœːk̚³ taːn³³ hɔː²¹/

/jœːk̚³ taːn²² hɔː²¹/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tan²¹⁻⁵³ ho²⁴/

/iɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ tan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ho²⁴/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁵ tan²¹⁻⁵³ ho¹³/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tan¹¹⁻⁵³ ho²⁴/

/iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tan²¹⁻⁴¹ hɤ²³/

And there went out unto him all the land of Judaea, and they of Jerusalem, and were all baptized of him in the river of Jordan, confessing their sins. (KJV)

現代臺灣客語譯本 (Today's Taiwan Hakka Version), 馬可福音 (Mark) 1:5

Fî-sòng tô ke ngìn tui Yù-thai ke tak só-chhai lâu chhiòn Yâ-lu-sat-lâng lòi-to Yok-hon ke mien-chhièn. Kì-têu sṳ̀n-ngin chhṳ-kâ ke chhui; Yok-hon chhiu chhai Yok-tan-hò vi kì-têu hàng sé-lî.

非常多个人對猶太个逐所在㧯全耶路撒冷來到約翰个面前。佢等承認自家个罪；約翰就在約旦河為佢等行洗禮。

非常多个人对犹太个逐所在㧯全耶路撒冷来到约翰个面前。佢等承认自家个罪；约翰就在约旦河为佢等行洗礼。

Jordan (a river in Western Asia, in the Middle East, that empties into the Dead Sea, flowing through Israel, the Golan Heights, the West Bank and Jordan)


霓虹金

ㄋㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄣ

/ni³⁵ xʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/ni³⁵ xʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of Japanese 日本人 (nihonjin).


噶瑪蘭

/kä³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ maː¹³ laːn²¹/

/kat̚³²⁻⁴ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan⁵³/

/kat̚³²⁻⁴ mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan⁴¹/

/kä³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ maː¹³ laːn²¹/

/kat̚³²⁻⁴ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan⁵³/

/kat̚³²⁻⁴ mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan⁴¹/


三及第

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚² tɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚² tɐi̯²²/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚² tɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ kʰɐp̚² tɐi̯²²/

A written language formed from a mixture of Classical Chinese, Standard Chinese, and vernacular Cantonese, formerly used in publications and media such as Hong Kong newspapers.


震旦

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹⁻⁵³ tän⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹⁻⁵³ tän⁵¹/

First attested in the 3ʳᵈ–4ᵗʰ centuries CE.
Borrowed from Sanskrit चीनस्थान (cīnasthāna), or a name etymologically related; compare Sogdian [script needed] (cynstʾn /*čīnastan/), Persian چینستان, Armenian Չինաստան (Čʻinastan), Ancient Greek Τζίνιστα (Tzínista).
Folk etymology interprets the this word orthographically, as a compound of 震 (zhèn, “one of the Eight Trigrams; the East”) + 旦 (dàn, “dawn; the direction of sunrise”), in reference to China's eastward position relative to India. For example, the Buddhist reference work Collection of Meanings and Terms in Translation (翻譯名義集) [12th century CE] has the following passage on the origin of this term:
:
More discussion on the etymology of Zhèndàn can be found in Notes on Marco Polo (Vol. 1).

cog

Persian چینستان

defdate

12th century <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>

The direction of east belongs to the trigram of Zhèn, and is the direction of sunrise, thus (China) is called Zhèndàn.

Dōngfāng shǔ zhèn, shì rìchū zhī fāng, gù yún Zhèndàn.

東方屬震，是日出之方，故云震旦。

东方属震，是日出之方，故云震旦。

震丹
真丹
真旦
振旦
神丹

(archaic, religion) The name for China in ancient Indian records and some Chinese Buddhist texts.


封神演義

ㄈㄥ ㄕㄣˊ ㄧㄢˇ ㄧˋ

Фэншэнь Яньи

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

Investiture of the Gods (16th-century Chinese novel)


佛山

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/huk̚⁴⁻² sũã³³/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/huk̚⁴⁻² sũã³³/

(～市) Foshan (a large prefecture-level city in Guangdong, in southeast China)


中印

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ in⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ in⁵¹/


沙巴

/saː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵/


南國

/nän³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/nø²² koʔ⁴⁴/

/nän³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/nø²² koʔ⁴⁴/

Hóngdòu shēng nánguó, chūn lái fā jǐ zhī.

紅豆生南國，春來發幾枝。

红豆生南国，春来发几枝。

the southern part of the country; the South (of China); southland


反華

/fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä³⁵/

/fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä³⁵/

反華宣傳

反华宣传

to be anti-China; anti-Chinese; to be Sinophobic


巫統

/u⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mou̯²¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/u⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mou̯²¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

Short for 全國巫人統一機構／全国巫人统一机构 (quánguó wūrén tǒngyī jīgòu).

zh-etym-short

United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) (political party in Malaysia)


港鐵

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ tʰiːt̚³/

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ tʰiːt̚³/

MTR: Short for 香港鐵路／香港铁路 (Xiānggǎng Tiělù, “Mass Transit Railway, rapid transit railway system of Hong Kong”).


拿督

/naː²¹ tʊk̚⁵/

/naː²¹ tʊk̚⁵/

datuk; dato (traditional Malay honorific title)


肉膾

/ʐoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/

/jʊk̚² kʰuːi̯³⁵/

/ʐoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/

/jʊk̚² kʰuːi̯³⁵/


星馬

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/siɪŋ³³ mã⁵⁵⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/siɪŋ³³ mã⁵⁵⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/


伊斯坦布爾

ㄧ ㄙ ㄊㄢˇ ㄅㄨˋ ㄦˇ

/i⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵ pou̯³³ jiː¹³/

/jiː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵ pou̯³³ jiː¹³/

(Mainland China) Istanbul (a city and province of Turkey)


雞包仔

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ paːu̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ paːu̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

(chiefly Cantonese) small steamed chicken bun (a common dim sum dish)


大包

/tä⁵¹ pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² paːu̯⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² paːu̯⁵⁵/

2001, “大包整多兩籠大包”, 謝立文 [Brian Tse] (lyrics), 舒曼 [Robert Schumann] (music), performed by 李晉緯:

Two more steamers of large chicken buns for me! I won't fret feeling bloated

daai⁶ baau¹ zing² do¹ loeng⁵ lung⁴ m⁴ paa³ zai⁶

大包整多兩籠唔怕滯

大包整多两笼唔怕滞

(particularly) large steamed chicken bun (a dim sum dish that used to be popular)


海得拉巴

ㄏㄞˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄚ

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tɐk̚⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tɐk̚⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵/

Hyderabad (the capital and largest city of Telangana, India, and de-jure capital of Andhra Pradesh)


華工

/xu̯ä³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/waː²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hua²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/hua¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/xu̯ä³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/waː²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hua²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/hua¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/


過海

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔː³³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ hai⁵³/

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔː³³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ hai⁵³/

(Hong Kong) to cross the Victoria Harbour

to cross the sea
to cross the Victoria Harbour


華表

/xu̯ä³⁵ pi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waː²¹ piːu̯³⁵/

/xu̯ä³⁵ pi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waː²¹ piːu̯³⁵/

huabiao (ornamental columns erected in front of palaces, tombs, etc.)


亞運

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹/

/aː³³ wɐn²²/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² un²²/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² un²²/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ un³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ un³³/

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹/

/aː³³ wɐn²²/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² un²²/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² un²²/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ un³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ un³³/


新北

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (新北):
* → Japanese: 新(しん)北(ほく) (Shinhoku)
* → Korean: 신북(新北) (Sinbuk)
* → Vietnamese: Tân Bắc (新北)

→ English: New Taipei (partial calque)

→ Korean: 신베이 (sinbei)

/ɕin⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐn⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵/

/siŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mɔyʔ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐn⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵/

/siŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mɔyʔ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²/

(～市) New Taipei (a special municipality in Taiwan)


三韓

/sän⁵⁵ xän³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ hɔːn²¹/

/sän⁵⁵ xän³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ hɔːn²¹/

First attested in the Book of the Later Han [5th century].

The six armies [of the Son of Heaven] conquered, exterminating the Koreans; they respectfully carried out Heaven's punishment, majestic and evident.

Liùshī bófá, Sānhán sùqīng, gōng xíng tiānfá, hèhè míngmíng.

六師薄伐，三韓肅清，龔行天罰，赫赫明明。

六师薄伐，三韩肃清，龚行天罚，赫赫明明。

The Ryukyu kingdom is a beautiful place in the southern seas, imbued with the excellence of Korea; her relationship with the Great Ming is like that between a carriage and its protective bars, and her relationship with the Japanese realm is like that between the lips and the teeth.

Liúqiú guó zhě, nánhǎi shèngdì, ér zhōng Sānhán zhī xiù, yǐ Dàmíng wèi fǔchē, yǐ Rìyù wèi chúnchǐ.

琉球國者，南海勝地，而鍾三韓之秀，以大明為輔車，以日域為脣齒。

琉球国者，南海胜地，而钟三韩之秀，以大明为辅车，以日域为唇齿。


百濟

Sino-Xenic (百濟):
* → Japanese: 百(ひゃく)済(さい) (Hyakusai)

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/paːk̚³ t͡sɐi̯³³/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/paːk̚³ t͡sɐi̯³³/

Three Kingdoms of Korea
w:Three Kingdoms of Korea

Baekje (one of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea)


伊館

/i⁵⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/i⁵⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Hong Kong, informal) Short for 伊利沙伯體育館／伊利沙伯体育馆 (“Queen Elizabeth Stadium”).


頤和園

/i³⁵ xɤ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/jiː²¹ wɔː²¹ jyːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/i³⁵ xɤ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/jiː²¹ wɔː²¹ jyːn²¹⁻³⁵/

Summer Palace (an imperial garden in Beijing)


清奈

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ naɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ naɪ̯⁵¹/

(Taiwan) Chennai (a city, the capital city of Tamil Nadu, India)


浦那

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

Pune (a major city and district of Maharashtra, India)


艾哈邁達巴德

ㄞˋ ㄏㄚ ㄇㄞˋ ㄉㄚˊ ㄅㄚ ㄉㄜˊ

Айхамайдабадэ

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ xä⁵⁵ maɪ̯⁵¹ tä³⁵ pä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ xä⁵⁵ maɪ̯⁵¹ tä³⁵ pä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

Ahmedabad (the largest city in Gujarat, India)


勒克瑙

/lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ nɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐk̚² hɐk̚⁵ nou̯¹³/

/lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ nɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐk̚² hɐk̚⁵ nou̯¹³/

Lucknow (the state capital of Uttar Pradesh, India)


蘇拉特

/su⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/su⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/


齋浦爾

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Jaipur (the state capital of Rajasthan, India)


加爾各答

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄦˇ ㄍㄜˋ ㄉㄚˊ

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ⁵¹ tä³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ jiː¹³ kɔːk̚³ taːp̚³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ⁵¹ tä³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ jiː¹³ kɔːk̚³ taːp̚³/

Kolkata (the capital city of West Bengal, India)


察哈爾

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ xä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ haː⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ xä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ haː⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

Qing-era Mandarin transcription of Manchu ᠴᠠᡥᠠᡵ (cahar), from Classical Mongolian ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ (čaqar).

(～盟) Chahar (a former league in Inner Mongolia, China)


亞特蘭大

ㄧㄚˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄢˊ ㄉㄚˋ

ㄧㄚˇ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄢˊ ㄉㄚˋ

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹ län³⁵ tä⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹ län³⁵ tä⁵¹/

/aː³³ tɐk̚² laːn²¹ taːi̯²²/

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹ län³⁵ tä⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹ län³⁵ tä⁵¹/

/aː³³ tɐk̚² laːn²¹ taːi̯²²/

Atlanta (a city, the state capital of Georgia, United States)


連江

desc

→ English: Lianjiang, Lienchiang, Lien-chiang, Lienkiang, Lienkong

/li̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/liːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋouŋ⁵⁵/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/liːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋouŋ⁵⁵/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

The accumulating, gathering, examining and investigating of medicinal plant specimens in the Lien-chiang and others Islets, and at the individual villages and towns of Lien-chiang County will be carried out:

2000, Investigation and Study on The Resources of Chinese Crude Drugs in Taiwan (8) – (Investigation and Study on The Medicinal Plants in Lien-chiang County) 台灣產中藥材資源之調查研究（八）-連江縣藥用植物資源之調查報告, Hsieh, Wen-Chiuan 謝文全

Liánjiāng Xiàn yánhǎi jí gè xiāngzhèn yào yòng zhíwù biāoběn zhī sōují, cǎijí, jiàndìng jí diàochá.

連江縣沿海及各鄉鎮藥用植物標本之蒐集、採集、鑑定及調查。

连江县沿海及各乡镇药用植物标本之搜集、采集、鉴定及调查。

(～縣) Lienchiang (a county of Taiwan (Republic of China); de jure part of its Fujian Province; administrative name for the Matsu Islands)


佤族

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/


德昂族

/tɤ³⁵ ˀɑŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ ŋɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ɡɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/tɤ³⁵ ˀɑŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ ŋɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ɡɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/


庫頁島

/kʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


灣灣

/wän⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/wän⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

Reduplicative diminutive of 臺灣／台湾 (Táiwān).

zh-l

臺灣／台湾 (Táiwān)

zh-reduplicative diminutive

(slang, neologism, Mainland China, sometimes derogatory) Taiwan


歐巴

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵/

/ˀoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵¹/

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵/

/ˀoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵¹/

(chiefly in Korean media, women's speech) oppa (elder brother, or an affectionate term of address for a somewhat older man)


土共

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/tʰou̯³⁵ kʊŋ²²/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/tʰou̯³⁵ kʊŋ²²/

TG有點甜

TG有点甜

Communist Party of China
Communist Party of China


江浙滬

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu⁵¹/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³ wuː²²/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu⁵¹/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³ wuː²²/


賽德克族

ㄙㄞˋ ㄉㄜˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄗㄨˊ

/saɪ̯⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ tɐk̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ tɐk̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

Seediq people, an ethnic group in Taiwan


鄒族

/t͡soʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/t͡soʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

Tsou people (an indigenous people of Taiwan)


魯凱族

/lu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/lu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

Rukai people (an indigenous people of Taiwan)


排灣族

/pʰaɪ̯³⁵ wän⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/pʰaːi̯²¹ waːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/pʰaɪ̯³⁵ wän⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/pʰaːi̯²¹ waːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

Paiwan people (an indigenous people of Taiwan)


撒奇萊雅族

ㄙㄚ ㄑㄧˊ ㄌㄞˊ ㄧㄚˇ ㄗㄨˊ

/sä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/saːt̚³ kʰei̯²¹ lɔːi̯²¹ ŋaː¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/sä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/saːt̚³ kʰei̯²¹ lɔːi̯²¹ ŋaː¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

Sakizaya people, an ethnic group in Taiwan


賽夏族

ㄙㄞˋ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄗㄨˊ

/saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ haː²² t͡sʊk̚²/

/saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ haː²² t͡sʊk̚²/

Saisiyat people (an indigenous people of Taiwan)


卡那卡那富族

Kǎnàkǎnàfùzú

ㄎㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄈㄨˋ ㄗㄨˊ

Kǎnàkǎnàfùzú

Kǎnàkǎnàfùzú

Канаканафуцзу

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ naː¹³ kʰaː⁵⁵ naː¹³ fuː³³ t͡sʊk̚²/

Kanakanavu people, an ethnic group in Taiwan


邵族

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/siːu̯²² t͡sʊk̚²/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/siːu̯²² t͡sʊk̚²/


泰雅族

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ ŋaː¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ ŋaː¹³ t͡sʊk̚²/


卑南族

/peɪ̯⁵⁵ nän³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/peɪ̯⁵⁵ nän³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

Puyuma people (an indigenous people of Taiwan)


達悟族

/tä³⁵ u⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/taːt̚² ŋ̍²² t͡sʊk̚²/

/tä³⁵ u⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/taːt̚² ŋ̍²² t͡sʊk̚²/

Yami people (an indigenous people of Taiwan)


拉阿魯哇族

ㄌㄚ ㄚ ㄌㄨˇ ㄨㄚ ㄗㄨˊ

ㄌㄚˇ ㄚ ㄌㄨˇ ㄨㄚˇ ㄗㄨˊ

/lä⁵⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ wä⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/lä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀä⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ aː³³ lou̯¹³ waː⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

/lä⁵⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ wä⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ aː³³ lou̯¹³ waː⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/

Saaroa people, an ethnic group in Taiwan


布農族

ㄅㄨˋ ㄋㄨㄥˊ ㄗㄨˊ

/pu⁵¹ nʊŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/pou̯³³ nʊŋ²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ lɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/pu⁵¹ nʊŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/pou̯³³ nʊŋ²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/pɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ lɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/


不丹王國

ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Будань Ванго

/pu⁵¹ tän⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ taːn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/pu⁵¹ tän⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ taːn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/


噶瑪蘭族

ㄍㄚˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄗㄨˊ

ㄍㄜˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄗㄨˊ

/kä³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ maː¹³ laːn²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/kä³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ maː¹³ laːn²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/


太魯閣族

ㄊㄞˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄗㄨˊ

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ lou̯¹³ kɔːk̚³ t͡sʊk̚²/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ lou̯¹³ kɔːk̚³ t͡sʊk̚²/

Taroko people, an ethnic group in Taiwan


康巴

/kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵/

/kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵/

康巴人

康巴漢子

康巴汉子

(attributive) of the Khampa people (natives of Kham, a historical region of Tibet)


三八線

Сань Ба Сянь

/sän⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sän⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

(historical) the latitude of 38th parallel north (which served also as the actual control line prior to the Korean War)

Military Demarcation Line
Military Demarcation Line

Military Demarcation Line (between North and South Korea nowadays)


臺灣當局

ㄊㄞˊ ㄨㄢ ㄉㄤ ㄐㄩˊ

Тайвань данцзюй

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ wän⁵⁵ tɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕy³⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ waːn⁵⁵ tɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʊk̚²/

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ wän⁵⁵ tɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕy³⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ waːn⁵⁵ tɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʊk̚²/

w:Government of the People's Republic of China

Government of the Republic of China
w:Government of the Republic of China

Name used by the Government of the People's Republic of China (mainland China) for the Government of the Republic of China (Taiwan).


全州

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Jeonju (the capital city of North Jeolla Province, South Korea)


琅勃拉邦

ㄌㄤˊ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄤ

/lɑŋ³⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lɑŋ³⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Lao ຫຼວງພຣະບາງ (lūang pha ra bāng).


普吉島

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰou̯³⁵ kɐt̚⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰou̯³⁵ kɐt̚⁵ tou̯³⁵/


藏南

/t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡sɔːŋ²² naːm²¹/

/t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡sɔːŋ²² naːm²¹/

Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh#English

(by extension) Arunachal Pradesh (a state of India, claimed by China)


凱撒

/kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sä⁵⁵/

/kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sä⁵¹/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ saːt̚³/

/kʰai³³⁻⁵⁵ sɑʔ²⁴/

/kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sat̚³²/

/kʰai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sat̚⁵/

/kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sat̚³²/

/kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sat̚³²/

/kʰai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sat̚³²/

/kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sä⁵⁵/

/kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sä⁵¹/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ saːt̚³/

/kʰai³³⁻⁵⁵ sɑʔ²⁴/

/kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sat̚³²/

/kʰai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sat̚⁵/

/kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sat̚³²/

/kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sat̚³²/

/kʰai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sat̚³²/


伊斯坦堡

/i⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵ pou̯³⁵/

/i⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵ pou̯³⁵/

(Taiwan) Istanbul (a city and province of Turkey)


蒙古帝國

ㄇㄥˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄇㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/mʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵ tɐi̯³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/mʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵ tɐi̯³³ kʷɔːk̚³/


喜馬拉雅山脈

ㄒㄧˇ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄚ ㄧㄚˇ ㄕㄢ ㄇㄞˋ

ㄒㄧ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄚ ㄧㄚˇ ㄕㄢ ㄇㄞˋ

Сималая Шаньмай

/ɕi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵ maɪ̯⁵¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵ maɪ̯⁵¹/

/hei̯³⁵ maː¹³ laːi̯⁵⁵ ŋaː¹³ saːn⁵⁵ mɐk̚²/


寮王國

ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/liːu̯²¹ wɔːŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/liːu̯²¹ wɔːŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

(chiefly Taiwan, historical) Kingdom of Laos


布爾什維克

ㄅㄨˋ ㄦˇ ㄕˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄎㄜˋ

/pu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/pou̯³³ jiː¹³ sɐp̚² wɐi̯²¹ hɐk̚⁵/

/pu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/pou̯³³ jiː¹³ sɐp̚² wɐi̯²¹ hɐk̚⁵/

Borrowed from Russian большеви́к (bolʹševík).

布尔什维克
布爾塞維克
布爾雪維克


本地治里

ㄅㄣˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄓˋ ㄌㄧˇ

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Puducherry (union territory in southern India, and its capital city)


聖淘沙

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ tʰou̯²¹ saː⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ tʰou̯²¹ saː⁵⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of English Sentosa.


玻璃市

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

Phono-semantic matching of Malay Perlis.


吉蘭丹

/t͡ɕi³⁵ län³⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ län³⁵ tän⁵⁵/


彭亨

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ xɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ hɐŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ xɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ hɐŋ⁵⁵/


森美蘭

/sən⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/sən⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

(～州) Negeri Sembilan (a state of Malaysia)


登嘉樓

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

Phono-semantic matching of Malay Terengganu, replacing the unsavory connotations of the characters used in 丁加奴 (Dīngjiānú).


柔佛

/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ fu̯ɔ³⁵/

/jɐu̯²¹ fɐt̚²/

/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ fu̯ɔ³⁵/

/jɐu̯²¹ fɐt̚²/


三寶顏

/sän⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵ ŋaːn²¹/

/sam³³ po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡan²⁴/

/sän⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵ ŋaːn²¹/

/sam³³ po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡan²⁴/

From Central Sama Samboangan (“mooring place”) from samboang (“mooring pole”) + -an (“place marker suffix”), as attested in the Velarde Map (1734). A popular folk etymology may also attribute it to either Indonesian jambangan (“flower garden”) or Malay jambangan (“flower garden”) or Tausug jambangan (“flower garden”) from jambang (“flower pot”) + -an (“place marker suffix”), but this name has never been attested in any historical records prior to the 1960s with the place being attested usually instead as "Samboangan".

suffix

(～市) Zamboanga City (a city in the Philippines)


中關村

Чжунгуаньцунь

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷaːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷaːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

Zhongguancun (technology hub in Haidian District, Beijing, China)


黑旗

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/hɐk̚⁵ kʰei̯²¹/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/hɐk̚⁵ kʰei̯²¹/

(Hong Kong) a black banner used by the police: "Warning: Tear Smoke / 警告：催淚煙"


平安北道

ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄢ ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄠˋ

Пинъаньбэйдао

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

North Pyongan, North Phyongan (a province of North Korea)


新義州

→ English: Xinyizhou

/ɕin⁵⁵ i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jiː²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jiː²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Sinuiju (the capital city of North Pyongan Province, North Korea)


咸鏡北道

ㄒㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄠˋ

Сяньцзинбэйдао

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

North Hamgyong (a province of North Korea)


靈山

/liŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/liŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/


/ʂʐ̩³⁵ i⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² jɐt̚⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ i⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² jɐt̚⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

In the anime Code Geass, Japan was the 11th colony.


呆丸

/taɪ̯⁵⁵ wän³⁵/

/taɪ̯⁵⁵ wän³⁵/

From Hokkien 臺灣／台湾 (Tâi-oân), replaced with quasi-homophones.


景山

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ saːn⁵⁵/


正陽門

Čžɛnʺjanmɛnʹ

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ jœːŋ²¹ muːn²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ jœːŋ²¹ muːn²¹/


人民大會堂

ㄖㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄊㄤˊ

Жэньминь Дахуэйтан

/ʐən³⁵ min³⁵ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/jɐn²¹ mɐn²¹ taːi̯²² wuːi̯²² tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ʐən³⁵ min³⁵ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/jɐn²¹ mɐn²¹ taːi̯²² wuːi̯²² tʰɔːŋ²¹/

Great Hall of the People (state building in Beijing)


房山

/fɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/fɔːŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/fɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/fɔːŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Fangshan (a district of Beijing, China)


平谷

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ kʊk̚⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ kʊk̚⁵/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Pinggu (a district and former county of Beijing, China)


石景山

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kɪŋ³⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kɪŋ³⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Shijingshan (a district of Beijing, China)


順義

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/sɵn²² jiː²²/

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/sɵn²² jiː²²/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Shunyi (a district and former county of Beijing, China)


門頭溝

/mən³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ koʊ̯⁵⁵/

/muːn²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹ kʰɐu̯⁵⁵/

/mən³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ koʊ̯⁵⁵/

/muːn²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹ kʰɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～區) Mentougou (a district of Beijing, China)


圓明園

ㄩㄢˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄩㄢˊ

Юаньминъюань

/ɥɛn³⁵ miŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ mɪŋ²¹ jyːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/ĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hŋ⁵⁵/

/ɥɛn³⁵ miŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ mɪŋ²¹ jyːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/ĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ meŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hŋ⁵⁵/


雍和宮

/jʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jʊŋ⁵⁵ wɔː²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jʊŋ⁵⁵ wɔː²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/


通州

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～區) Tongzhou (a district of Beijing, China)


長安街

→ English: Chang'an Avenue

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

Chang'an Avenue (a major road in Beijing, China)


豐臺

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

From 遠風臺／远风台 (Yuǎn Fēng Tái), the villa of Yuan dynasty officials Han Tongfu (韓通甫) and Han Junmei (韓君美) brothers (Sun, 2012).

(～區) Fengtai (a district of Beijing, China, which contains the namesake town)


延慶

/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/jiːn²¹ hɪŋ³³/

/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/jiːn²¹ hɪŋ³³/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Yanqing (a district and former county of Beijing, China)


東城

→ English: Dongcheng

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Dongcheng (a district of Beijing, China)


大興

/tä⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² hiɪŋ³³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² hiɪŋ³³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

;"counterfeit"
:Another theory is that the word originated from slang among criminal gangs.

(～區, formerly ～縣) Daxing (a district and former county of Beijing, China)


西城

→ English: Xicheng

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Xicheng (a district of Beijing, China)


南進政策

ㄋㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄓㄥˋ ㄘㄜˋ

наньцзинь чжэнцэ

/nän³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰɤ⁵¹/

(historical) Nanshin-ron (Imperial Japan's policy of southern expansionism towards southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands)


噶廈

/kä³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/kä³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan བཀའ་ཤག (bka' shag).

(historical) Kashag (the governing council of Tibet from 1721 to 1959)


亞運會

ㄧㄚˋ ㄩㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ

ㄧㄚˇ ㄩㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/aː³³ wɐn²² wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² un²²⁻²¹ hue²²/

/a³³ un⁴¹⁻²² hue⁴¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² un²²⁻²¹ hue²²/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ un³³⁻¹¹ hue³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ un³³⁻²¹ hue³³/

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/aː³³ wɐn²² wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² un²²⁻²¹ hue²²/

/a³³ un⁴¹⁻²² hue⁴¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² un²²⁻²¹ hue²²/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ un³³⁻¹¹ hue³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ un³³⁻²¹ hue³³/

亞洲運動會 亞洲運動會#Chinese

亚洲运动会 亚洲运动会#Chinese

Short for 亞洲運動會／亚洲运动会 (Yàzhōu yùndònghuì, “Asian Games”).


公河

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/


北也門

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

(Mainland China, historical) North Yemen


南葉門

/nän³⁵ jɛ⁵¹ mən³⁵/

/nän³⁵ jɛ⁵¹ mən³⁵/


北葉門

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛ⁵¹ mən³⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛ⁵¹ mən³⁵/


南也門

/nän³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/nän³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

(Mainland China, historical) South Yemen


宿霧

/su⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ bu⁴¹/

/su⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ bu⁴¹/

(～省) Cebu (a province of the Philippines)

(～市, formerly ～埠) Cebu City (a city in Cebu, Philippines)


三山

/sän⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(informal) Alternative name for 福州 (Fúzhōu), Fuzhou (a city in Fujian, China)


保釣運動

ㄅㄠˇ ㄉㄧㄠˋ ㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ

Баодяо юньдун

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹/


呵羅單

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ tän⁵⁵/

(～國) (historical) An ancient state in modern-day Indonesia.


雪隆

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/


王府井

ㄨㄤˊ ㄈㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄥˇ

/wɑŋ³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

ㄨㄤˊ ㄈㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄥˇㄦ

/wɑŋ³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɑŋ³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɑŋ³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Wangfujing (shopping district in Beijing)


北疆

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kœːŋ⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kœːŋ⁵⁵/


三北

/sän⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sän⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(abbreviation) the Three Norths, namely Northeast China (東北／东北 (dōngběi)), North China (華北／华北 (Huáběi)) and Northwest China (西北 (xīběi))


八達嶺

/pä⁵⁵ tä³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

ㄅㄚ ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄧㄥˇㄦ

/pä⁵⁵ tä³⁵ liɤ̯̃ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pä⁵⁵ tä³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pä⁵⁵ tä³⁵ liɤ̯̃ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Great Wall of China
Great Wall of China#English

Badaling (most visited section of the Great Wall of China)


蝦腸

/ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/haː⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/haː⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

rice noodle rolls with shrimp (a common dim sum dish) (Classifier: 條／条)


準噶爾

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ kä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɵn³⁵ kaː⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ kä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɵn³⁵ kaː⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

Transcription of Manchu ᠵᡠᠨ
ᡤᠠᡵ (jun gar, “the Dzungars”), in turn from Classical Mongolian ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ
ᠭᠠᠷ (ǰegün ɣar, literally “left wing”).

der

(historical) (～部) Dzungars (Oirat-Mongolian people)


大宛

/tä⁵¹ ɥɛn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ɥɛn⁵⁵/

Pulleyblank (1966, pp. 22, 27) notices that the "old" suggestion based on the name of Greeks – cf. Ancient Greek Ἴων (Íōn, “Ionian”), Sanskrit यवन (yavana) – had been unsatisfactory, an observation also acknowledged by Yu (1998, p. 68); see references therein. Possible Indo-Iranian origin and cognacy with the Ancient Greek word-forms Τόχαροι (Tókharoi) or Τάχοροι (Tákhoroi) have been suggested; see etymologies thereof.

(historical) Dayuan (an ancient country in Central Asia)


/jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/i⁵⁵ i⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ jɐt̚⁵ lɪŋ²¹/

/jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/i⁵⁵ i⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ jɐt̚⁵ lɪŋ²¹/

telephone number
telephone number#English

the telephone number for law enforcement in China and on Taiwan


野人山

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/jɛː¹³ jɐn²¹ sɐn⁵⁵/

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/jɛː¹³ jɐn²¹ sɐn⁵⁵/


反日

/fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐ̩⁵¹/


鄂博

/ˀɤ⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

Borrowed from Manchu ᠣᠪᠣ (obo), from Classical Mongolian ᠣᠪᠤᠭᠠ (obug-a).

(usually used in Mongolian placenames) ovoo


赤縣

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

赤縣神州 赤縣神州#Chinese

赤县神州 赤县神州#Chinese

Short for 赤縣神州／赤县神州 (Chìxiàn Shénzhōu, “China”).


噶倫

/kä³⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/kä³⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan བཀའ་བློན (bka' blon).


紅館

/xʊŋ³⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ²¹ kuːn³⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ²¹ kuːn³⁵/

(informal) Short for 紅磡體育館／红磡体育馆 (“Hong Kong Coliseum”).


贊普

/t͡sän⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sän⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Phonetic loaning into Middle Chinese from Classical Tibetan བཙན་པོ (btsan po), literally "mighty one".

(historical) Tsenpo (title of ancient Tibetan kings)


清大

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tai³³/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tai³³/

(Taiwan) Short for 國立清華大學／国立清华大学 (Guólì Qīnghuá Dàxué, “National Tsing Hua University”).


華中

/xu̯ä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/waː²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hua²⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ³³/

/hua¹³⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hua²³⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/xu̯ä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/waː²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hua²⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ³³/

/hua¹³⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hua²³⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

Central China (made up of Hubei, Henan, and Hunan)


沙國

/ʂä⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/ʂä⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

沙特阿拉伯 沙特阿拉伯#Chinese

Short for 沙特阿拉伯 (Shātè Ālābó, “Saudi Arabia”).


赤縣神州

ㄔˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄕㄣˊ ㄓㄡ

Чисянь Шэньчжоу

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ʂən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/*[t-qʰ](r)Ak Cə.[ɡ]ʷˤe[n]-s Cə.li[n] tu/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ʂən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Attested earliest in Records of the Grand Historian (translation adapted from Tsai-fa Cheng et al., 1994):
*

He (Zou Yan) thought that the Central Region which scholars spoke of occupied just one of the eighty-one parts of the world. The Central Region he called "the Sacred Township of the Red County." The "Sacred Township of the Red County" itself contained nine lands, the nine which Yu ordered, but these could not be counted as "lands." Outside the Central Region there were nine places like the "Sacred Township of the Red County" and these were what he called the "nine lands."

The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

Yǐwéi rúzhě suǒwèi Zhōngguó zhě, yú tiānxià nǎi bāshíyī fēnjū qí yī fēn ěr. Zhōngguó míng yuē Chìxiàn Shénzhōu. Chìxiàn Shénzhōu nèi zì yǒu jiǔzhōu, yǔ zhī xù jiǔzhōu shì yě, bùdé wéi zhōu shù. Zhōngguó wài rú Chìxiàn Shénzhōu zhě jiǔ, nǎi suǒwèi jiǔzhōu yě.

以為儒者所謂中國者，於天下乃八十一分居其一分耳。中國名曰赤縣神州。赤縣神州內自有九州，禹之序九州是也，不得為州數。中國外如赤縣神州者九，乃所謂九州也。

以为儒者所谓中国者，于天下乃八十一分居其一分耳。中国名曰赤县神州。赤县神州内自有九州，禹之序九州是也，不得为州数。中国外如赤县神州者九，乃所谓九州也。

Records of the Grand Historian
Yu the Great
Zou Yan


特倫甘納

ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄍㄢ ㄋㄚˋ

Тэлуньганьна

/tʰɤ⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵ kän⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/tɐk̚² lɵn²¹ kɐm⁵⁵ naːp̚²/

/tʰɤ⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵ kän⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/tɐk̚² lɵn²¹ kɐm⁵⁵ naːp̚²/


旁遮普

/pʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɛː⁵⁵ pʰou̯³⁵/

/pʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɛː⁵⁵ pʰou̯³⁵/

From Hindi पंजाब (pañjāb) or Urdu پنجاب (Panjāb), from Classical Persian پنجاب (panj-āb, “[Land of] the Five Rivers”).

Punjab (a geographical region of South Asia)

(～邦) Punjab (a state of India; capital: Chandigarh; largest city: Ludhiana)


哈里亞納

ㄏㄚ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ ㄋㄚˋ

ㄏㄚ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ

/xä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹/

/xä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/haː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ aː³³ naːp̚²/

/xä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹/

/xä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/haː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ aː³³ naːp̚²/


牛腸

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

rice noodle rolls with beef (a common dim sum dish) (Classifier: 條／条)


阿聯

/ˀä⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/aː³³ lyːn²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn¹³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²³/

/ˀä⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/aː³³ lyːn²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn¹³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²³/

Short for 阿拉伯聯合大公國／阿拉伯联合大公国 (Ālābó Liánhé Dàgōngguó).


乞拉朋齊

ㄑㄧˇ ㄌㄚ ㄆㄥˊ ㄑㄧˊ

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ pʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ pʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


鮮竹捲

ㄒㄧㄢ ㄓㄨˊ ㄐㄩㄢˇ

сяньчжуцзюань

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

steamed bean curd skin roll (a common dim sum dish with bean curd skin wrapping a pork stuffing) (Classifier: 條／条)


漢化組

ㄏㄢˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄗㄨˇ

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːn³³ faː³³ t͡sou̯³⁵/

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹ t͡su²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːn³³ faː³³ t͡sou̯³⁵/


五星紅旗

ㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄑㄧˊ

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ xʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ sɪŋ⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹ kʰei̯²¹/

/ŋou³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ki⁵⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ xʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ sɪŋ⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹ kʰei̯²¹/

/ŋou³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ki⁵⁵/

In the first minute of the next day, the Five-star Red Flag slowly rose accompanied by the "March of the Volunteers", signifying that China has restored sovereignty over Hong Kong.

1997 July 1, 周婷 (Zhou Ting), 杨兴 (Yang Xing) [pseudonym; 周树春 (Zhou Shuchun), 杨国强 (Yang Guoqiang), 徐兴堂 (Xu Xingtang), 胥晓婷 (Xu Xiaoting)], 《别了，不列颠尼亚》 [Farewell, Britannia]

Zài xīn de yītiān láilín de dìyī fēnzhōng, Wǔxīng Hóngqí bànzhe “Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqū” rǎnrǎn shēngqǐ, Zhōngguó cóngcǐ huīfù duì Xiānggǎng xíngshǐ zhǔquán.

在新的一天來臨的第一分鐘，五星紅旗伴著《義勇軍進行曲》冉冉升起，中國從此恢復對香港行使主權。

在新的一天来临的第一分钟，五星红旗伴着《义勇军进行曲》冉冉升起，中国从此恢复对香港行使主权。

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

Five-star Red Flag, the flag of the People's Republic of China


馬拉

/maː¹³ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ laːi̯⁵⁵/

You don't need much to have fun in Malaysia; there are lots of girls and handsome guys in Malaysia, the best is I

2019, 杜汶澤 (Chapman To) and 黃明志 (Namewee), 《走佬去馬拉》 (Pick Me Up to Malaysia)

maa⁵ laai¹ hou² waan⁴⁻² sai² m⁴ do¹, maa⁵ laai¹ do¹ neoi⁵⁻² do¹ seoi³ go¹, zeoi³ zeng³ hai⁶ ngo⁵

馬拉好玩駛唔多 馬拉多女多帥哥 最正係我

马拉好玩驶唔多 马拉多女多帅哥 最正系我

(Cantonese, often attributive) Malaysia (a country in Asia)


六合彩

ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄘㄞˇ

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊk̚² hɐp̚² t͡sʰɔːi̯³⁵/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰai⁵³/

/liɔk̚²⁴⁻² hap̚²⁴⁻² t͡sʰai⁵⁵⁴/

/liɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sʰai⁵³/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰai⁵³/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰai⁴¹/

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊk̚² hɐp̚² t͡sʰɔːi̯³⁵/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰai⁵³/

/liɔk̚²⁴⁻² hap̚²⁴⁻² t͡sʰai⁵⁵⁴/

/liɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sʰai⁵³/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰai⁵³/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hap̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰai⁴¹/


桃花石

Phono-semantic matching from Turkic; compare Old Turkic 𐱃𐰉𐰍𐰲 (tabγač, “Tuoba, a Xianbei clan; the Chinese”). Compare 拓跋 (MC thak bat), 拓拔氏 (MC thak bjot dzyeX).

cog

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

(obsolete) Name of China used by people in Central Asia in the 13ᵗʰ century.


宿務

/su⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ bu⁴¹/

/su⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ bu⁴¹/


東京鐵塔

ㄉㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄊㄧㄝˇ ㄊㄚˇ

Дунцзин Тета

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːt̚³ tʰaːp̚³/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːt̚³ tʰaːp̚³/


新謠

/ɕin⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯³⁵/

Xinyao (a genre of songs that is unique to Singapore)


雙峰塔

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰaːp̚³/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰaːp̚³/

Petronas Towers (in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)


共產主義青年團

ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄔㄢˇ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ ㄑㄧㄥ ㄋㄧㄢˊ ㄊㄨㄢˊ

Gòngchǎn Zhǔyì Qīngniántuán [Phonetic:gòngchánzhǔyìqīngniántuán]

Гунчань Чжуи Цинняньтуань

/kʊŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵ tʰu̯än³⁵/

/kʊŋ²² t͡sʰaːn³⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²² t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ niːn²¹ tʰyːn²¹/


臭港

/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐu̯³³ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐu̯³³ kɔːŋ³⁵/

By replacing 香 (xiāng, “fragrant”) in 香港 (Xiānggǎng) with antonym 臭 (chòu, “smelly; stinky”).

(derogatory or self-deprecatory) Hong Kong


依蘭

Clipping of Manchu ᡳᠯᠠᠨ
ᡥᠠᠯᠠ (ilan hala, literally “three surnames/clans”).

bor

(～縣) Yilan (a county of Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)


淡馬錫

/tän⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/tän⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi³⁵/

/taːm²² maː¹³ sɛːk̚³/

/tam²²⁻²¹ ma⁴²⁻²⁴ sek̚³²/

/tän⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/tän⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi³⁵/

/taːm²² maː¹³ sɛːk̚³/

/tam²²⁻²¹ ma⁴²⁻²⁴ sek̚³²/


南圻

/nän³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/nän³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


新加坡共和國

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄆㄛ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Синьцзяпо Гунхэго

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵⁻³³ pɔː⁵⁵ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/sin³³ ka³³ pʰo³³ kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² ho²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

Republic of Singapore
Republic of Singapore


烈火莫熄

ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄇㄛˋ ㄒㄧ

ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄇㄛˋ ㄒㄧˊ

/li̯ɛ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/li̯ɛ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ɕi³⁵/

/li̯ɛ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/li̯ɛ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ɕi³⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of Malay reformasi.

psm

(Malaysia) Reformasi (protest movement in Malaysia)


節度使

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ tu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ²²⁻²¹ su⁵³/

/t͡siɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹⁻²² su⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ tɔ²²⁻²¹ su⁵³/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ³³⁻¹¹ su⁵³/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ³³⁻²¹ su⁴¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ tu⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ²²⁻²¹ su⁵³/

/t͡siɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹⁻²² su⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ tɔ²²⁻²¹ su⁵³/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ³³⁻¹¹ su⁵³/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ³³⁻²¹ su⁴¹/

(historical) jiedushi (regional military governor in China during the Tang dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period)


土邦

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰou̯³⁵ pɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰou̯³⁵ pɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(historical) princely state (in British India)


王書

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/

Shahnameh (epic poem written by Ferdowsi)


怡朗

/i³⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²¹ lɔːŋ¹³/

/i²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/i³⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²¹ lɔːŋ¹³/

/i²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

From Hiligaynon Ilong-ilong, the river on which Iloilo city was built next to, as recorded in the Maragtas. It roughly translates to "nose-like", which could refer to the shape of the river's opening.

(Taiwan, Philippines) (～省) Iloilo (a province of the Philippines)


巴鐵

/pä⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ tʰiːt̚³/

/pä⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ tʰiːt̚³/


坡縣

/pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/pɔː⁵⁵ jyːn²²/

/pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/pɔː⁵⁵ jyːn²²/

From Singapore's small area, which is comparable with a typical Chinese county or even a large county seat. Compare Little Red Dot in English that arouse from Singapore's geography.

2023 October 7, Lianhe Zaobao, “坡县”可以休矣！ ("Singapore County"? Just Stop It!):

In my opinion, those who refer Singapore as "Singapore County" should consider what would be their feeling if foreigners referred to China or Chinese in a humorous way?

Wǒ xiǎng, shuō “pōxiàn” de rén bùfáng huànwèisīkǎo yīxià, yào shì lǎowài yòng diàokǎn de fāngshì lái chēnghū zhōngguó huò zhōngguórén, gǎnshòu huì zěnme yàng ne?

我想，說「坡縣」的人不妨換位思考一下，要是老外用調侃的方式來稱呼中國或中國人，感受會怎麼樣呢？

我想，说「坡县」的人不妨换位思考一下，要是老外用调侃的方式来称呼中国或中国人，感受会怎么样呢？

(Mainland China, informal, derogatory) Singapore


腓尼基

/feɪ̯³⁵ ni³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

féi⁴ néi⁴ géi¹

/feɪ̯³⁵ ni³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/


洛城

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Alternative name for 洛陽／洛阳 (Luòyáng, “Luoyang (a prefecture-level city in Henan, China)”).


水立方

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɵy̯³⁵ laːp̚² fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɵy̯³⁵ laːp̚² fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

the Beijing National Aquatics Center; the Water Cube


吳哥城

/u³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍²¹ kɔː⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/u³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍²¹ kɔː⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/


鯤島

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


曹縣

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

(Mainland China, Internet slang) Phono-orthographic alternation of 朝鮮／朝鲜 (Cháoxiǎn, “North Korea”).


京津冀

Цзинцзиньцзи

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei

京津冀一體化

京津冀一体化

Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei (as a single region)


千里馬

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ maː¹³/

/t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ be⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mã⁴¹/

/t͡sʰõĩ³³⁻²³ li⁵²⁻³⁵ be⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ maː¹³/

/t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ be⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mã⁴¹/

/t͡sʰõĩ³³⁻²³ li⁵²⁻³⁵ be⁵²⁻²¹/

An ancient state around modern Trincomalee, Sri Lanka.


臺資

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵/

Taiwan capital; Taiwan investment; Taiwan funding


全港

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ kɔːŋ³⁵/


人民公社

ㄖㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄕㄜˋ

жэньминь гуншэ

/ʐən³⁵ min³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/jɐn²¹ mɐn²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵ sɛː¹³/

/ʐən³⁵ min³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/jɐn²¹ mɐn²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵ sɛː¹³/

Xiling People's Commune (existed between 1960 and 1967)

西陵人民公社

people's commune (administrative unit in China from 1958 to 1983)


御三家

/y⁵¹ sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/jyː²² saːm⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/y⁵¹ sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/jyː²² saːm⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 御(ご)三(さん)家(け) (gosanke).

if it's willing to dying for love, I'm one of the Gosanke

1985, 許冠傑 (lyrics), 《日本娃娃》, in 《最緊要好玩》, performed by 許冠傑

kau⁴ oi³ gam² sei² deoi⁶⁻² ngo⁵ suk⁶ jyu⁶ saam¹ gaa¹

求愛敢死隊我屬御三家

求爱敢死队我属御三家

the most noble three branches of the Tokugawa clan


北圻

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


什剎海

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐp̚² saːt̚³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐp̚² saːt̚³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

什剎海風景區

什刹海风景区

Shichahai (a historic scenic area consisting of three lakes in the north of central Beijing, China)


孟什維克

ㄇㄥˋ ㄕˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄎㄜˋ

/mɤŋ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/mɤŋ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Russian меньшеви́к (menʹševík).

孟什维克
孟塞維克
門塞維克
孟雪維克


雪域

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ y⁵¹/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ y⁵¹/

(often poetic) land of snow, especially Tibet


希盟

/ɕi⁵⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/hei̯⁵⁵ mɐŋ²¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/hei̯⁵⁵ mɐŋ²¹/

Short for 希望聯盟／希望联盟 (xīwàng liánméng, “Pakatan Harapan (Malaysian political alliance)”).


永定

→ English: Engteng, Yongding, Yung-ting

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵¹/

/wɪŋ¹³ tɪŋ²²/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ²²/

/ioŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ tĩã¹¹/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵¹/

/wɪŋ¹³ tɪŋ²²/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ²²/

/ioŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ tĩã¹¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Yongding (a district and former county of Longyan, Fujian, China)

(～區) Yongding (a district of Zhangjiajie, Hunan, China)


乒乓外交

ㄆㄧㄥ ㄆㄤ ㄨㄞˋ ㄐㄧㄠ

пинпан вайцзяо

/pʰiŋ⁵⁵ pʰɑŋ⁵⁵ waɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pʰiŋ⁵⁵ pʰɑŋ⁵⁵ waɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/


北京填鴨

北京填鸭
北京塡鴨
北京田鴨

/pɐk̚⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹ aːp̚³/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹ aːp̚³⁻³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹ aːp̚³/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹ aːp̚³⁻³⁵/


片皮鴨

/pʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ pʰi³⁵ jä⁵⁵/

pin³⁻² péi⁴ ab³⁻²

/pʰiːn³³⁻³⁵ pʰei̯²¹ aːp̚³⁻³⁵/

/pʰiːn³³⁻³⁵ pʰei̯²¹ aːp̚³/

/pʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ pʰi³⁵ jä⁵⁵/

/pʰiːn³³⁻³⁵ pʰei̯²¹ aːp̚³⁻³⁵/

/pʰiːn³³⁻³⁵ pʰei̯²¹ aːp̚³/


新馬泰

/ɕin⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ maː¹³ tʰaːi̯³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ maː¹³ tʰaːi̯³³/

馬來西亞 馬來西亞#Chinese

马来西亚 马来西亚#Chinese

Short for 新加坡 (Xīnjiāpō) + 馬來西亞／马来西亚 (Mǎláixīyà) + 泰國／泰国 (Tàiguó): “Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand (typically in names of tours to Southeast Asia)”.


新馬

/ɕin⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐn⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐn⁵⁵ maː¹³/

馬來西亞 馬來西亞#Chinese

马来西亚 马来西亚#Chinese

Short for 新加坡 (Xīnjiāpō) + 馬來西亞／马来西亚 (Mǎláixīyà): “Singapore and Malaysia”.


紀南

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ nän³⁵/

Jinan (the ancient capital of the former State of Chu in modern Hubei, China)


浿水

/pʰeɪ̯⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/puːi̯³³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/pʰeɪ̯⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/puːi̯³³ sɵy̯³⁵/

(archaic) the Taedong River in modern-day North Korea


福袋

/fu³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/fʊk̚⁵ tɔːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/fu³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/fʊk̚⁵ tɔːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 福袋 (fukubukuro).

fukubukuro (grab bag sold at a substantial discount)


巴布亞

/pä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/pä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ pou̯³³ aː³³/

/pä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/pä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ pou̯³³ aː³³/


庇能

/pi⁵¹ nɤŋ³⁵/

/pei̯³³ nɐŋ²¹/

/pi²¹ nɛŋ⁴⁴⁵/

/pi⁵¹ nɤŋ³⁵/

/pei̯³³ nɐŋ²¹/

/pi²¹ nɛŋ⁴⁴⁵/

(historical or Penang Hokkien) Penang (a state of Malaysia)


星馬泰

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ maː¹³ tʰaːi̯³³/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ maː¹³ tʰaːi̯³³/


中日韓

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹ xän³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jɐt̚² hɔːn²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹ xän³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jɐt̚² hɔːn²¹/


彌生

/mi³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/mei̯²¹ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/mi³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/mei̯²¹ saːŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 弥生 (Yayoi).


點心紙

/tiːm³⁵ sɐm⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/tiːm³⁵ sɐm⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/


漢字文化圈

ㄏㄢˋ ㄗˋ ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄑㄩㄢ

ханьцзы вэньхуацюань

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹ wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/hɔːn³³ t͡siː²² mɐn²¹ faː³³ hyːn⁵⁵/

/hɔːn³³ t͡siː²² mɐn²¹ faː³³ hyːn⁵⁵/

Chinese character cultural sphere; Sinosphere


歸僑

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

Chinese repatriate; returned overseas Chinese


仙貝

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵¹/

Doublet of 煎餅／煎饼 (jiānbǐng), via Japanese 煎(せん)餅(べい) (senbei), from Middle Chinese 煎餅 (MC tsjen pjiengX, “jianbing”). Spelled phonetically to avoid confusion with 煎餅／煎饼 (jiānbǐng), a different food.


佤邦

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ pɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ pɔːŋ⁵⁵/


奧古斯都

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/ou̯³³ kuː³⁵ siː⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

/o⁵⁵ ku³¹ sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ tu²⁴/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/ou̯³³ kuː³⁵ siː⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

/o⁵⁵ ku³¹ sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ tu²⁴/


蘇東

/su⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/su⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

蘇東國家／苏东国家

the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries

蘇東劇變／苏东剧变 ― Sūdōng jùbiàn


華族

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (華族):
* → Japanese: 華(か)族(ぞく) (kazoku)
* → Korean: 화족(華族) (hwajok)
* → Vietnamese: hoa tộc (華族)

/xu̯ä³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/waː²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/xu̯ä³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/waː²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

ethnic Chinese of Vietnamese nationality


州府

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ fuː³⁵/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴²/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴¹/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁵³/

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ fuː³⁵/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴²/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴¹/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁵³/

(Singapore) Malaysia (a country in Asia)


支那人

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ nä⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ naː²¹ jɐn²¹/

/t͡sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ na⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ nä⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ naː²¹ jɐn²¹/

/t͡sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ na⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹/

(now usually derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur) Chinaman (Chinese person)


吉礁

Alternative form of 吉打 (Jídǎ, “Kedah (a state of Malaysia)”)


曾文

/t͡sɤŋ³⁵ wən³⁵/

/t͡sɤŋ³⁵ wən³⁵/


兩河

/li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/lœːŋ¹³ hɔː²¹/

/li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/lœːŋ¹³ hɔː²¹/

the Two Rivers; the rivers Tigris and Euphrates


廖內

/li̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/liːu̯²² nɔːi̯²²/

/li̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/liːu̯²² nɔːi̯²²/


牡丹峰

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tän⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/maːu̯¹³ taːn⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tän⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/maːu̯¹³ taːn⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 모란봉 (牡丹峰, Moranbong).

(～區) Moranbong-guyok (a district of Pyongyang, North Korea)


強國人

ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄖㄣˊ

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/kʰœːŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³ jɐn²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/kʰœːŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³ jɐn²¹/

(chiefly Hong Kong, sarcastic) mainlander


洋涇浜

English: Yangjingbang

French: Yangjingbang, Yang-King-Pang

/jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵ pɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɦiã²² t͡ɕin⁵⁵ pã²¹/

/jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵ pɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɦiã²² t͡ɕin⁵⁵ pã²¹/

延安東路 延安東路#Chinese

延安东路 延安东路#Chinese

Yangjingbang, a former tributary of the Huangpu River in Shanghai, now filled and known as Yan'an East Road (延安東路／延安东路)


印度尼西亞共和國

ㄧㄣˋ ㄉㄨˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˋ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄧㄣˋ ㄉㄨˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˇ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Иньдунисия Гунхэго

/in⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹ ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/in⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹ ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

Republic of Indonesia
Republic of Indonesia


大和族

/tä⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/taːi̯²² wɔː²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/tä⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/taːi̯²² wɔː²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/


炊鋪

/t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰue⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰue⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔ⁴⁴/

(Zhangzhou Hokkien) rectangular steamer basket


省港澳

/ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/saːŋ³⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵ ou̯³³/

/ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/saːŋ³⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵ ou̯³³/

Short for 省城 (shěngchéng) + 香港 (Xiānggǎng) + 澳門／澳门 (Àomén).


尼泊爾聯邦民主共和國

ㄋㄧˊ ㄅㄛˊ ㄦˇ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄅㄤ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

nei⁴ bok⁶ ji⁵ lyun⁴ bong¹ man⁴ zyu² gung⁶ wo⁴ gwok³

nei⁴ pok³ ji⁵ lyun⁴ bong¹ man⁴ zyu² gung⁶ wo⁴ gwok³

Ni²-po²-êrh³ Lien²-pang¹ Min²-chu³ Kung⁴-ho²-kuo²

Нибоэр Ляньбан Миньчжу Гунхэго

/ni³⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɛn³⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵ min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

nèih bohk yíh lyùhn bōng màhn jyú guhng wòh gwok

nèih pok yíh lyùhn bōng màhn jyú guhng wòh gwok

nei⁴ bok⁹ ji⁵ lyn⁴ bong¹ man⁴ dzy² gung⁶ wo⁴ gwok⁸

nei⁴ pok⁸ ji⁵ lyn⁴ bong¹ man⁴ dzy² gung⁶ wo⁴ gwok⁸

néi⁴ bog⁶ yi⁵ lün⁴ bong¹ men⁴ ju² gung⁶ wo⁴ guog³

néi⁴ pog³ yi⁵ lün⁴ bong¹ men⁴ ju² gung⁶ wo⁴ guog³

/nei̯²¹ pɔːk̚² jiː¹³ lyːn²¹ pɔːŋ⁵⁵ mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/nei̯²¹ pʰɔːk̚³ jiː¹³ lyːn²¹ pɔːŋ⁵⁵ mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal


日人

/ʐ̩⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/jɐt̚² jɐn²¹/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/jɐt̚² jɐn²¹/

1999, 黃文博 (editor), 《南瀛探索——台南地區發展史》, chapter 8, article 9

Rán shòu Rìrén yòngxīn jīngyíng táiwān zhī cì, zài rìběn zhìlǐ de 50 nián zhī zhōng, wèi táiwān de xiàndàihuà jiànlì le zhòngyào de jīchǔ.

然受日人用心經營臺灣之賜，在日本治理的50年之中，為臺灣的現代化建立了重要的基礎。

然受日人用心经营台湾之赐，在日本治理的50年之中，为台湾的现代化建立了重要的基础。

Even if it were so, the great massacre committed by the Japanese to the Taiwanese people was truly a huge debt of blood that cannot be forgotten.

Jíshǐ rúcǐ, Rìrén duì wǒ Táibāo de dà túshā, shízài shì bùnéng wàng de xuèhǎishēnchóu.

即使如此，日人對我臺胞的大屠殺，實在是不能忘的血海深仇。

即使如此，日人对我台胞的大屠杀，实在是不能忘的血海深仇。

In expounding the political meaning of I Ching, the Tokugawa Japanese changed China's political ideology to accommodate to Japanese politics and conditions.

2009, 吳偉明 (Benjamin Wai-ming Ng), 《易學對德川日本的影響》 (The I Ching in Tokugawa Thought and Culture), page 153

Zài yǎnshì “Yìjīng” de zhèngzhì yìyì shí, Déchuān Rìrén gǎibiàn zhōngguó zhèngzhì lǐniàn qù qiānjiù rìběn de zhèngzhì yǔ guóqíng.

在衍釋《易經》的政治意義時，德川日人改變中國政治理念去遷就日本的政治與國情。

在衍释《易经》的政治意义时，德川日人改变中国政治理念去迁就日本的政治与国情。


北亞

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐk̚⁵ aː³³/

/pøyʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ a³³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ a⁴⁴/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ a³³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ a⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ a⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ a⁴⁴/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐk̚⁵ aː³³/

/pøyʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ a³³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ a⁴⁴/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ a³³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ a⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ a⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ a⁴⁴/


辱華

/ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä³⁵/

/ʐu⁵¹ xu̯ä³⁵/

/jʊk̚² waː²¹/

/ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä³⁵/

/ʐu⁵¹ xu̯ä³⁵/

/jʊk̚² waː²¹/


翰林院

→ Vietnamese: viện hàn lâm (calque)

ㄏㄢˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄩㄢˋ

Ханьлиньюань

/xän⁵¹ lin³⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/hɔːn²² lɐm²¹ jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

/xän⁵¹ lin³⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/hɔːn²² lɐm²¹ jyːn²²⁻³⁵/


西朝鮮

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

China is at the West of North Korea, and is alleged to be increasingly authoritarian.

(neologism, Internet slang, humorous, sarcastic) China

similar view mocking ultranationalism in Vietnam


白石凹

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/paːk̚² sɛːk̚² aːu̯³³/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/paːk̚² sɛːk̚² aːu̯³³/

Pak Shek Au (an area in North District, New Territories, Hong Kong)


菊花王朝

ㄐㄩˊ ㄏㄨㄚ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ

Цзюйхуа Ванчао

/t͡ɕy³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕy³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

Chrysanthemum Throne
Chrysanthemum Throne


蛋塔

/tän⁵¹ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tän⁵¹ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


古吉拉特

ㄍㄨˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄌㄚ ㄊㄜˋ

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ lä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ kɐt̚⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ lä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ kɐt̚⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/


泰米爾納德

ㄊㄞˋ ㄇㄧˇ ㄦˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄉㄜˊ

Таймиэр Надэ

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ mɐi̯¹³ jiː¹³ naːp̚² tɐk̚⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ mɐi̯¹³ jiː¹³ naːp̚² tɐk̚⁵/

(～邦) (chiefly Mainland China, Hong Kong) Tamil Nadu (a state of India)


日本仔

/jɐt̚² puːn³⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/d͡zit̚⁴⁻³ pun⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ a⁴⁴⁵/

/lit̚²⁴⁻² pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a⁵⁵⁴/

/jɐt̚² puːn³⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/d͡zit̚⁴⁻³ pun⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ a⁴⁴⁵/

/lit̚²⁴⁻² pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a⁵⁵⁴/

You absolutely would not have thought that the Japanese would invade Malaya

完全你冇想日本仔打到馬來亞

完全你冇想日本仔打到马来亚

(Malaysian and Philippine Hokkien, ethnic slur in Cantonese and dialectal Hakka) Japanese person; Jap


弘仁

/xʊŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 弘仁 (Kōnin).

obor

Kōnin (era) of Japanese history (from September 810 through January 824)


十月革命

ㄕˊ ㄩㄝˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄇㄧㄥˋ

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹ kɤ³⁵ miŋ⁵¹/

/sɐp̚² jyːt̚² kaːk̚³ mɪŋ²²/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹ kɤ³⁵ miŋ⁵¹/

/sɐp̚² jyːt̚² kaːk̚³ mɪŋ²²/


西隧

/ɕi⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ sɵy̯²²/

/ɕi⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ sɵy̯²²/

(Hong Kong) Short for 西區海底隧道／西区海底隧道 (Xīqū Hǎidǐ Suìdào, “Western Harbour Crossing”); WHC


獅隧

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/siː⁵⁵ sɵy̯²²/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/siː⁵⁵ sɵy̯²²/

(Hong Kong) Short for 獅子山隧道／狮子山隧道 (Shīzǐshān Suìdào, “Lion Rock Tunnel”).


東隧

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ sɵy̯²²/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ sɵy̯²²/

(Hong Kong) Short for 東區海底隧道／东区海底隧道 (Dōngqū Hǎidǐ Suìdào, “Eastern Harbour Crossing”); EHC


紅隧

/xʊŋ³⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/hʊŋ²¹ sɵy̯²²/

/xʊŋ³⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/hʊŋ²¹ sɵy̯²²/

(Hong Kong) Short for 紅磡海底隧道／红磡海底隧道 (Hóngkàn Hǎidǐ Suìdào, “Cross-Harbour Tunnel”); CHT


香隧

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ sɵy̯²²/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ sɵy̯²²/

(Hong Kong) Short for 香港仔隧道 (Xiānggǎngzǎi Suìdào, “Aberdeen Tunnel”).


山竹牛肉

ㄕㄢ ㄓㄨˊ ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄖㄡˋ

шаньчжу нюжоу

/ʂän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʐoʊ̯⁵¹/

/saːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹ jʊk̚²/

/ʂän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʐoʊ̯⁵¹/

/saːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹ jʊk̚²/

steamed beef ball (a popular dim sum dish)


後海

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Houhai (a lake and its surrounding neighborhood in central Beijing, China)


裕廊湖

/y⁵¹ lɑŋ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/y⁵¹ lɑŋ³⁵ xu³⁵/


鳳凰山

/fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/fʊŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/hoŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sũã³³/

/hoŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sũã³³/

/fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/fʊŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/hoŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sũã³³/

/hoŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sũã³³/

Lantau Peak (a peak on Lantau Island, Hong Kong)


三民主義

ㄙㄢ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

саньминь чжуи

/sän⁵⁵ min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/sän⁵⁵ min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

Three Principles of the People
Three Principles of the People

(historical) Three Principles of the People (political doctrine of Sun Yat-sen)


日料

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

日本料理 日本料理#Chinese

Short for 日本料理 (Rìběn liàolǐ, “Japanese food; Japanese cuisine”).


埴輪

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 埴輪 (haniwa).


三哥

/sän⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

(neologism, slang) Indian male; Indian people; India


足輕

/t͡su³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡su³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 足軽 (ashigaru).

(historical) ashigaru (type of foot soldier in feudal Japan)


馬國

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/maː¹³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/maː¹³ kʷɔːk̚³/

I'll sing high pitch for you, Even Ms. Jem from HK sighed and Ms Shila MAS apologized to me

2014, 黃明志 [Namewee] (lyrics and music), 飆高音 [High Pitched], performed by 黃明志 [Namewee]

yīnwèi nǐ wǒ biāo gāoyīn, jiù lián Xiānggǎng Āqí dōu wèi wǒ tànxī, jiù lián Mǎguó Xiǎoxī dōu duì wǒ Say Sorry

因為你我飆高音 就連香港阿棋都為我嘆息 就連馬國小茜都對我Say Sorry

因为你我飙高音 就连香港阿棋都为我叹息 就连马国小茜都对我Say Sorry

馬來西亞 馬來西亞#Chinese

马来西亚 马来西亚#Chinese

(chiefly outside Malaysia and Singapore) Short for 馬來西亞／马来西亚 (Mǎláixīyà, “Malaysia”).

馬達加斯加 馬達加斯加#Chinese

马达加斯加 马达加斯加#Chinese

Short for 馬達加斯加／马达加斯加 (Mǎdájiāsījiā, “Madagascar”).


田灣

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

Tin Wan (a place at the south of Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong)


伏龍芝

/fu³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/fu³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic
w:Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic

(～城) (historical) Frunze (the capital city of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic; modern Bishkek)


巴國

/pä⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/pä⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

(historical) Ba (an ancient state in eastern Sichuan, China)

巴基斯坦 巴基斯坦#Chinese


卑彌呼

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (卑彌呼):
* → Japanese: 卑弥呼(ひみこ) (Himiko)

/peɪ̯⁵⁵ mi³⁵ xu⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯⁵⁵ mi³⁵ xu⁵⁵/

First attested in Records of the Three Kingdoms. vol. 30 (translation adapted from Tsunoda , 1951):
*
Possibly pronounced *pie mie hɑ in Eastern Han Chinese (in Schuessler (2009)'s reconstructions).
Tsunoda (1951) proposes that this is borrowed from Old Japanese 姬子 (Pi₁me₁ko₁, literally “princess child”).
For other alternative proposals see relevant Wikipedia article.

bor

The country formerly had a man as ruler. For some seventy or eighty years after that there were disturbances and warfare. Thereupon the people agreed upon a woman for their ruler. Her name was Himiko. ….

Chen Shou, Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 3ʳᵈ century CE

Qí guó běn yì yǐ nánzǐ wèi wáng, zhù qī bāshí nián, Wōguó luàn, xiàng gōngfá lìnián, nǎi gòng lì yī nǚzǐ wèi wáng, míng yuē Bēimíhū,.......

其國本亦以男子為王，住七八十年，倭國亂，相攻伐歷年，乃共立一女子為王，名曰卑彌呼，……。

其国本亦以男子为王，住七八十年，倭国乱，相攻伐历年，乃共立一女子为王，名曰卑弥呼，……。

(historical) Himiko, a semi-legendary queen of Yamatai in ancient Japan

Eastern Han Chinese
Records of the Three Kingdoms
Ryūsaku Tsunoda


泰式

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ sɪk̚⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ sɪk̚⁵/

泰式奶茶


籠屜

/lʊŋ³⁵ tʰi⁵¹/

/lʊŋ²¹ tʰɐi̯³³/

/lʊŋ³⁵ tʰi⁵¹/

/lʊŋ²¹ tʰɐi̯³³/

food steamer; bamboo or wooden utensil for steaming food


六堆

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ tu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/lʊk̚² tɵy̯⁵⁵/

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ tu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/lʊk̚² tɵy̯⁵⁵/

From the six units of civil troops organized to defend the settlement: 右堆, 左堆, 前堆, 後堆／后堆, 中堆, and 先鋒堆／先锋堆.

Liudui (a group of Hakka villages in Pingtung and Kaohsiung, Taiwan)


天可汗

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ xän³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵ hɔːn²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ xän³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵ hɔːn²¹/


大灣區

/tä⁵¹ wän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² waːn⁵⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ⁵³ ʋan⁴⁴ kʰi⁴⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ uan⁴⁴⁻²² kʰu⁴⁴/

/tua¹¹ uaŋ³³⁻²³ kʰu³³/

/da²² ue⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹/

/tä⁵¹ wän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² waːn⁵⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ⁵³ ʋan⁴⁴ kʰi⁴⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ uan⁴⁴⁻²² kʰu⁴⁴/

/tua¹¹ uaŋ³³⁻²³ kʰu³³/

/da²² ue⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹/


內湖

→ English: Neihu

/neɪ̯⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² wuː²¹/

/lai³³⁻¹¹ ɔ²⁴/

/lai³³⁻²¹ ɔ²³/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² wuː²¹/

/lai³³⁻¹¹ ɔ²⁴/

/lai³³⁻²¹ ɔ²³/

(～省) Laguna (a province of the Philippines)


令和

/liŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/lɪŋ²² wɔː²¹/

/l̃iŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuo⁵³/

/liɪŋ²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴/

/liɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² ho²⁴/

/liɪŋ²²⁻²¹ ho¹³/

/liɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/liɪŋ³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³/

/liŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/lɪŋ²² wɔː²¹/

/l̃iŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuo⁵³/

/liɪŋ²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴/

/liɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² ho²⁴/

/liɪŋ²²⁻²¹ ho¹³/

/liɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/liɪŋ³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³/

From Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 令和 (Reiwa).


交拉吧

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² la²⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ la²³⁻³³ pa⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ la²⁴⁻¹¹ pa⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴/

/ka³³⁻²³ la³³⁻²³ pa³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² la²⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ la²³⁻³³ pa⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ la²⁴⁻¹¹ pa⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴/

/ka³³⁻²³ la³³⁻²³ pa³³/

From Sunda Kelapa, the old port of Jakarta. Ultimately from Malay kelapa (“coconut”).

Dutch East Indies
Dutch East Indies#English

(Hokkien, obsolete) Batavia (the capital city of the Dutch East Indies); modern Jakarta


大武壠族

ㄉㄚˋ ㄨˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄗㄨˊ

/tä⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/


Glyph decomposition of ww, initialism of 灣灣／湾湾 (Wānwān).

zh-l

灣灣／湾湾 (Wānwān)

(Internet slang, neologism, Mainland China, often derogatory) Taiwan


雅美族

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/


萬丹

/wän⁵¹ tän⁵⁵/

/wän⁵¹ tän⁵⁵/


銅鑼燒

ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄕㄠ

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 銅鑼焼き (dorayaki).


老廣

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lou̯¹³ kʷɔːŋ³⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lou̯¹³ kʷɔːŋ³⁵/


日王

/ʐ̩⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

(non-honorific) mikado (emperor of Japan)


阿速坡

/ˀä⁵⁵ su⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ su⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/


中華文化圈

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄑㄩㄢ

Чжунхуа вэньхуацюань

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵ wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn⁵⁵/


占碑

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ peɪ̯⁵⁵/


海峽殖民地

ㄏㄞˇ ㄒㄧㄚˊ ㄓˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄧˋ

Хайся Чжиминьди

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ min³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ min³⁵ ti⁵¹/

Straits Settlements (former British territories)


愛國歌

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵ kɤɻ⁵⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ kʷɔːk̚³ kɔː⁵⁵/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kua⁴⁴/

/ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ kua³³/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kua⁴⁴/

/ai¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kua⁴⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kua⁴⁴/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵ kɤɻ⁵⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ kʷɔːk̚³ kɔː⁵⁵/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kua⁴⁴/

/ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ kua³³/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kua⁴⁴/

/ai¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kua⁴⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kua⁴⁴/

Aegukka, the North Korean national anthem.

Aegukga, the South Korean national anthem.


官塘

→ English: Kwun Tong

/ku̯än⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/kuːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/kuːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

Alternative form of 觀塘／观塘 (gun1 tong4, “Kwun Tong (a place in Hong Kong)”)


大角咀

ㄉㄚˋ ㄐㄧㄠˇ ㄗㄨㄟˇ

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² kɔːk̚³ t͡sɵy̯³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² kɔːk̚³ t͡sɵy̯³⁵/

Tai Kok Tsui (urban area in Kowloon, Hong Kong)


華民

/waː²¹ mɐn²¹/

/waː²¹ mɐn²¹/


昂船洲

/ˀɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ŋɔːŋ¹³ syːn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ˀɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ŋɔːŋ¹³ syːn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

Stonecutters Island (a former island in Kowloon, Hong Kong)


達布遜

ㄉㄚˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄒㄩㄣˋ

/tä³⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕyn⁵¹/

/tä³⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕyn⁵¹/

From Mongolian ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ (dabusun, “salt”), in reference to its salinity.

(～湖, ～鹽湖) Dabusun Lake, part of the Qarhan Playa in the Qaidam Basin, Haixi Prefecture, Qinghai Province, China


察爾汗

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xän⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ jiː¹³ hɔːn²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xän⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ jiː¹³ hɔːn²²/

(～湖, ～鹽湖) Qarhan Playa in the Qaidam Basin in Qinghai Province, China.

行政委員會 行政委員會#Chinese

(～行政委員會) Qarhan, a region of Golmud in Haixi Prefecture, Qinghai, China.


西達布遜

ㄒㄧ ㄉㄚˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄒㄩㄣˋ

/ɕi⁵⁵ tä³⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕyn⁵¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ tä³⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕyn⁵¹/

From its position west of 達布遜／达布逊 (Dábùxùn), from Mongolian ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ (dabusun, “salt”), in reference to its salinity.

zh-l

達布遜／达布逊 (Dábùxùn)

(～湖, ～鹽湖, ～鹽池) West Dabusun Lake, part of the Qarhan Playa in the Qaidam Basin, Haixi Prefecture, Qinghai Province, China


茂明安

/mɑʊ̯⁵¹ miŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/mɑʊ̯⁵¹ miŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

Transliteration of Manchu ᠮᠣᠣ
ᠮᡳᠩᡤᠠᠨ (moo minggan) or ᠮᠣᠣᠮᡳᠩᡤᠠᠨ (moominggan), from Classical Mongolian ᠮᠤᠤ
ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ (muu mingɣan).

der

(～部) (historical) Muumyangan (Mongolian tribe)


喀爾喀

/kʰä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰä⁵⁵/

/kʰä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰä⁵⁵/

Transliteration of Manchu ᡴᠠᠯᡴᠠ (kalka), from Classical Mongolian ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ (qalk-a).

喀爾喀蒙古

喀尔喀蒙古

(historical) (～部) Khalkha (Mongolian tribe)


朝鮮服

ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ ㄈㄨˊ

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ siːn⁵⁵ fʊk̚²/

/t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ siːn⁵⁵ fʊk̚²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ siːn⁵⁵ fʊk̚²/

/t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ siːn⁵⁵ fʊk̚²/


日貨

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/jɐt̚² fɔː³³/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² he¹¹/

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/jɐt̚² fɔː³³/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² he¹¹/

抵制日貨

抵制日货


海灣戰爭

ㄏㄞˇ ㄨㄢ ㄓㄢˋ ㄓㄥ

Хайвань Чжаньчжэн

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ waːn⁵⁵ t͡siːn³³ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ waːn⁵⁵ t͡siːn³³ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/


特楞古特

ㄊㄜˊ ㄌㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄊㄜˋ

/tʰɤ³⁵ lɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/tʰɤ³⁵ lɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Manchu ᡨᡝᠯᡝᠩᡤᡠᡨ (telenggut).

(collective, historical) Telengits (people)


國貿

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ mɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ mɐu̯²²/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ mɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ mɐu̯²²/

Guomao (area in Beijing at the center of the Beijing central business district)


餘糧徵集制

ㄩˊ ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄓㄥ ㄐㄧˊ ㄓˋ

юйлян чжэнцзичжи

/y³⁵ li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/y³⁵ li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/


紅歌

/xʊŋ³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ kɔː⁵⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ kɔː⁵⁵/

Short for 紅色歌曲／红色歌曲 (hóngsè gēqǔ, “red songs”).

zh-etym-short

patriotic Chinese Communist song; revolutionary song


蘇共

/su⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/sou̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ²²/

/su⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/sou̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ²²/

Short for 蘇聯共產黨／苏联共产党 (Sūlián Gòngchǎndǎng, “Communist Party of the Soviet Union”).


打鈴

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵/

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵/

Taryong, a genre of traditional Korean music.


密營

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 밀영(密營) (miryeong).

obor

Paektusan Secret Camp (legendary place where Kim Il-sung led the anti-Japanese struggles and Kim Jong-il was born)

白頭山密營

白头山密营

(historical) secret camp (used as a military or guerrilla base in Korea during the anti-Japanese struggles in the first half of the 20th century)


芬蘭灣

Фэньланьвань

/fən⁵⁵ län³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/fɐn⁵⁵ laːn²¹ wɐn⁵⁵/

/fən⁵⁵ län³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/fɐn⁵⁵ laːn²¹ wɐn⁵⁵/


渭河盆地

ㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄣˊ ㄉㄧˋ

Вэйхэ Пэньди

/weɪ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ pʰən³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ pʰən³⁵ ti⁵¹/


焦穫

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xu⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xu⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ɔ⁵¹/

(historical) Jiaohuo Lake, a body of water between the Jing and Wei Rivers in the northwest of present-day Jingyang County, Shaanxi Province


岷埠

/bin²⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻²² pɔ³³/

/bin¹³⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ pɔ⁴⁴/

/bin²³⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻²² pɔ³³/

/bin¹³⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ pɔ⁴⁴/

/bin²³⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

1922, advertisement, quotee, edited by 佘柏昭, 顏文初, and 劉春澤, 菲律賓華僑教育考察團日記, 中華書局:

The office and production site are at 1022 and 1060 Juan Luna Street, Manila.

Shìwù suǒ yǔ zhìzàochǎng zài Mínbù Fānlúnnàjiē yīlíng'èr'èr jí yīlíngliùlíng hào.

事務所與製造場在岷埠番倫那街一〇二二及一〇六〇號。

事务所与制造场在岷埠番伦那街一〇二二及一〇六〇号。

(obsolete) Manila (a city, the capital city of the Philippines)


斐律濱

/feɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ly⁵¹ pin⁵⁵/

/feɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ly⁵¹ pin⁵⁵/

(obsolete) Philippines (a country in Asia)


武洛干

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ kän⁵⁵/

/bu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lo(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kan³³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ kän⁵⁵/

/bu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lo(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kan³³/

1922, 佘柏昭, 顏文初, 劉春澤, editors, 菲律賓華僑教育考察團日記, 中華書局, page 285:

Wǎnghuán jí cānguān shíjiān. Xū àn sān rì chéng. Bìng kě shùntú guānchá Jiǎwànduān Cabanatuan Wǔluògān Bulacan Xiānmǐyǐ San Miguel gè shěng shìlì zhōngxué. Jí gāoxiǎo gè xiào.

往還及參觀時間。須按三日程。幷可順途觀察甲萬端 Cabanatuan 武洛干 Bulacan 仙米乙 San Miguel 各省市立中學。及高小各校。

往还及参观时间。须按三日程。并可顺途观察甲万端 Cabanatuan 武洛干 Bulacan 仙米乙 San Miguel 各省市立中学。及高小各校。

1924 February 19, “工人自建醫院”, in 南洋商報 [Nanyang Siang Pau], page 10:

According to Philippine reports, the Farmers' Union of San Miguel^((?)), Bulacan, Philippines, recently due to workers in that province regularly having all sorts of danger and illnesses, and also lacking a suitable hospital, […]

Fēi xùn, Fēidǎo Wǔluògānshěng Sānwèiyuè zhī nónggōng liánhéhuì, jìn yǐ gāi shěng gōngrén cháng fāshēng zhǒngzhǒng wēixiǎn jí bìngzhèng, ér yòu wú yī shìyí zhī yīyuàn, […]

菲訊、菲島武洛干省三味月之農工聯合會、近以該省工人常發生種種危險及病症、而又無一適宜之醫院、[…]

菲讯、菲岛武洛干省三味月之农工联合会、近以该省工人常发生种种危险及病症、而又无一适宜之医院、[…]

(～省) (dated, Philippine Hokkien) Bulacan (a province of the Philippines)


敦煌學

ㄉㄨㄣ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

/tu̯ən⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/tu̯ən⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/