安全

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (安全):
* → Japanese: 安全(あんぜん) (anzen)
* → Korean: 안전(安全) (anjeon)
* → Vietnamese: an toàn (安全)

→ Zhuang: ancienz

→ Hmong: nyab xeeb

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹/

/ᵘɔn³³ tʰun²²/

/ɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰiɛn¹¹/

/aŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((t͡s-))nœŋ¹³/

/ũã³³⁻²³ t͡sʰueŋ⁵⁵/

/ũã³³⁻²³ t͡sʰuaŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹/

/ᵘɔn³³ tʰun²²/

/ɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰiɛn¹¹/

/aŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((t͡s-))nœŋ¹³/

/ũã³³⁻²³ t͡sʰueŋ⁵⁵/

/ũã³³⁻²³ t͡sʰuaŋ⁵⁵/

(～村) Anquan (a village in Wulipu, Shayang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


花園

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɥɑɻ³⁵/

/xua²⁴ yæ̃²⁴/

/faː⁵⁵ jyːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/hua⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uoŋ⁵³/

/hua⁵³³⁻¹¹ œŋ¹³/

/hua⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ yøŋ²⁴/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ hŋ̍²³/

/hue⁴⁴⁻²² hŋ̍²⁴/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ hŋ̍²⁴/

/hue³³ hŋ̍²⁴/

/hua⁴⁴⁻²² huĩ¹³/

/hue³³⁻²³ hŋ⁵⁵/

/ho⁵⁵ ɦyø²¹/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɥɑɻ³⁵/

/xua²⁴ yæ̃²⁴/

/faː⁵⁵ jyːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/hua⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uoŋ⁵³/

/hua⁵³³⁻¹¹ œŋ¹³/

/hua⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ yøŋ²⁴/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ hŋ̍²³/

/hue⁴⁴⁻²² hŋ̍²⁴/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ hŋ̍²⁴/

/hue³³ hŋ̍²⁴/

/hua⁴⁴⁻²² huĩ¹³/

/hue³³⁻²³ hŋ⁵⁵/

/ho⁵⁵ ɦyø²¹/

The Malaysian sense is a semantic loan from Malay taman (“park; garden; residential neighborhood”).

sl

(～村) Huayuan (a village in Wenquan, Yingshan, Huanggang, Hubei, China)


二十

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ɚ²¹³ sz̩²¹/

/ər⁴⁴⁻⁴² ʂʐ̩⁵/

/ɛɻ⁴⁴ ʂʐ̩²⁴/

/jiː²² sɐp̚²/

/zi³² sɔk̚²²/

/ᵑɡei³² sip̚³²/

/ŋi⁵⁵ sɨp̚⁵/

/ŋi⁵³ səp̚⁵/

/əɻ⁴⁵ səʔ⁵⁴/

/nˡi²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiʔ⁵/

/li⁴¹⁻²² t͡sap̚²⁴/

/li²²⁻¹² t͡sap̚⁵⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/li³³⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/li³¹⁻²² t͡sap̚³⁵/

/d͡zi³³⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁵/

/zi³³⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/d͡zi³³⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ t͡sap̚¹²¹/

/d͡zi³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/ɲi²² səp̚²²/

/ɦəl²² səʔ⁴⁴/

/ɦəl²⁴ səʔ³¹/

/ɦəl²³ səʔ¹¹/

/n̠ʲi²⁴ səʔ³¹/

/n̠ʲi²³ səʔ¹¹/

/əl⁵⁵ zəʔ²¹/

/ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹ ʂʐ̩²⁴/

/ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹ sz̩²⁴/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ɚ²¹³ sz̩²¹/

/ər⁴⁴⁻⁴² ʂʐ̩⁵/

/ɛɻ⁴⁴ ʂʐ̩²⁴/

/jiː²² sɐp̚²/

/zi³² sɔk̚²²/

/ᵑɡei³² sip̚³²/

/ŋi⁵⁵ sɨp̚⁵/

/ŋi⁵³ səp̚⁵/

/əɻ⁴⁵ səʔ⁵⁴/

/nˡi²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiʔ⁵/

/li⁴¹⁻²² t͡sap̚²⁴/

/li²²⁻¹² t͡sap̚⁵⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/li³³⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/li³¹⁻²² t͡sap̚³⁵/

/d͡zi³³⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁵/

/zi³³⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/d͡zi³³⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/d͡zi²²⁻²¹ t͡sap̚¹²¹/

/d͡zi³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴/

/ɲi²² səp̚²²/

/ɦəl²² səʔ⁴⁴/

/ɦəl²⁴ səʔ³¹/

/ɦəl²³ səʔ¹¹/

/n̠ʲi²⁴ səʔ³¹/

/n̠ʲi²³ səʔ¹¹/

/əl⁵⁵ zəʔ²¹/

/ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹ ʂʐ̩²⁴/

/ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹ sz̩²⁴/

(～村) Ershi (a village in Huilong, Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


桂花

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ faː⁵⁵/

/kie²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁵/

/ke⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵³³/

/ke⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁴⁴/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hue³³/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hue³³/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ faː⁵⁵/

/kie²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁵/

/ke⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵³³/

/ke⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁴⁴/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hue³³/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hue³³/

Adaptation of 桂 (guì) to distinguish the osmanthus from the 肉桂 (ròuguì, “cassia; Chinese cinnamon”).

(～村) Guihua (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


幸福

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ fu³⁵/

/hɐŋ²² fʊk̚⁵/

/hɛiŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋouʔ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ³³⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ hɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ²² hɔk̚⁵/

/heŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hok̚²/

/ɦin²² foʔ⁴⁴/

/ɕiŋ⁵¹ fu³⁵/

/hɐŋ²² fʊk̚⁵/

/hɛiŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋouʔ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ³³⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ hɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ²² hɔk̚⁵/

/heŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hok̚²/

/ɦin²² foʔ⁴⁴/

(～里) an urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei City, Taiwan


平和

/pʰiŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ wɔː²¹/

/pʰi̯aŋ¹¹ fo¹¹/

/piŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuo⁵³/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² ho¹³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴/

/pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hua⁵⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ wɔː²¹/

/pʰi̯aŋ¹¹ fo¹¹/

/piŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuo⁵³/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² ho¹³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴/

/pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hua⁵⁵/

(～村) Pinghe (a rural village in Cimei, Penghu County, Taiwan)


平安

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/pʰin¹¹ ɔn⁴⁴/

/piŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋaŋ⁵³³/

/piŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² an³³/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ aŋ³³/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/pʰin¹¹ ɔn⁴⁴/

/piŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋaŋ⁵³³/

/piŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² an³³/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ aŋ³³/

(～社區) Ping'an (a residential community in Dongsheng, Shishou, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


成功

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (成功):
* → Japanese: 成功(せいこう) (seikō)
* → Korean: 성공(成功) (seonggong)
* → Vietnamese: thành công (成功)

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴ kuŋ²⁴/

/sɪŋ²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sɨn¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/

/ʃin⁵⁵ kuŋ⁵³/

/siŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/ɬiŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒŋ⁵³³/

/ɬiŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/siɪŋ¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ koŋ³³/

/zən²² koŋ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴ kuŋ²⁴/

/sɪŋ²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sɨn¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/

/ʃin⁵⁵ kuŋ⁵³/

/siŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/ɬiŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒŋ⁵³³/

/ɬiŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/siɪŋ¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ koŋ³³/

/zən²² koŋ⁴⁴/

(～村) Chenggong (a village in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


勝利

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/ʂəŋ²⁴ li⁵¹/

/sɪŋ³³ lei̯²²/

/sən⁵³⁻⁵⁵ li⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ li²²/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ li⁴¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ li²²/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ li³³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ li³³/

/seŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ li³⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/ʂəŋ²⁴ li⁵¹/

/sɪŋ³³ lei̯²²/

/sən⁵³⁻⁵⁵ li⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ li²²/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ li⁴¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ li²²/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ li³³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ li³³/

/seŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ li³⁵/

(～社區) Shengli (a residential community in Lucheng, Yidu, Yichang, Hubei, China)

(～社區) Shengli (a residential community in Ruoqiang, Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


水源

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/sɵy̯³⁵ jyːn²¹/

/ʃui²⁴⁻³³ ŋien⁵⁵/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan¹³/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²³/

/sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵²⁻³⁵ ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/sɵy̯³⁵ jyːn²¹/

/ʃui²⁴⁻³³ ŋien⁵⁵/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan¹³/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²³/

/sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵²⁻³⁵ ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/


高潮

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiau⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiau²³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² tio¹³/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiau⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ tiau²³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² tio¹³/

(～村) Gaochao (a village in Xinshi, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


蓮花

/li̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/nø¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵³³/

/ny²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²¹ hue⁴⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/nuĩ²⁴⁻²² hue³³/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² hua⁴⁴/

/nõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue³³/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/nø¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵³³/

/ny²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²¹ hue⁴⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/nuĩ²⁴⁻²² hue³³/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² hua⁴⁴/

/nõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue³³/

(～村) Lianhua (a village in Wenquan, Yingshan, Huanggang, Hubei, China)


中華

Sino-Xenic (中華):
* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)華(か) (Chūka)
* → Korean: 중화(中華) (Junghwa)
* → Vietnamese: Trung Hoa (中華)

→ Indonesian: Tionghoa

→ Zhuang: Cunghvaz

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ fa⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ fa¹¹/

/tyŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵³/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ hua¹³/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua¹³/

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ hua²⁴/

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ hua⁵⁵/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ fa⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ fa¹¹/

/tyŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵³/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ hua¹³/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua¹³/

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ hua²⁴/

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ hua⁵⁵/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/

So named because the first ancient Chinese settlements were around the Yellow River, which was considered to be the center, and because the culture was considered to be magnificent and flourishing.
First attested in Huan Wen's memorial recommending Qiao Xiu (dated [347 CE]), quoted in Sun Sheng's lost Annals of Jin (晉陽秋) [4th century] and later quoted in Pei Songzhi's Annotations [early 5th century] to Chen Shou's Records of the Three Kingdoms [late 3rd century] (translation by Farmer, 2017).
:
Pei himself uses 中華 when annotating Chen's "Biography of Zhuge Liang"

At this time, the imperial court has encountered a time of decline in the Way, the peasants have been trampled down by oppressive hardships, Zhonghua has the anguish of looking backward [toward the former capital at Luoyang], and the dark valley has no hope of moving upward.

Pei Songzhi, Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 5ᵗʰ century CE

Yú shí huángjí gòu dàoxiāo zhī huì, qúnlí dǎo diānpèi zhī jiān, zhōnghuá yǒu gùzhān zhī āi, yōugǔ wú qiānqiáo zhī wàng.

於時皇極遘道消之會，群黎蹈顛沛之艱，中華有顧瞻之哀，幽谷無遷喬之望。

于时皇极遘道消之会，群黎蹈颠沛之艰，中华有顾瞻之哀，幽谷无迁乔之望。

If [Zhuge Liang] [were] allowed to roam Zhonghua and give free rein to his dragon's brilliance, how could [its] literati's abilities drown and obscure him?

Ruò shǐ yóubù Zhōnghuá, chěng qí lóngguāng, qǐ fú duōshì suǒ néng chényì zāi!

若使游步中華，騁其龍光，豈夫多士所能沈翳哉！

若使游步中华，骋其龙光，岂夫多士所能沈翳哉！

(～里) an urban village in Songshan district, Taipei, Taiwan


文化

/wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/vəŋ²⁴ xua⁵¹/

/mɐn²¹ faː³³/

/uŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/

/mɔŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ hua⁴²/

/muoŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ hua⁴²/

/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/

/wən³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/vəŋ²⁴ xua⁵¹/

/mɐn²¹ faː³³/

/uŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/

/mɔŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ hua⁴²/

/muoŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ hua⁴²/

/buŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/

The modern Chinese term is an Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 文化(ぶんか) (bunka, “culture”), which is a direct translation of the German word Kultur.
In its classical form, the term can be interpreted as 文教 (wénjiào, “humanistic education”) + 化育 (huàyù, “transformational development”). Often cited are the following examples:
先秦, 《周易·賁卦彖傳》:
觀於天文、以察時變、觀乎人文、以化成天下
We observe the patterns of the skies in order to inspect seasonal changes. We observe the patterns of human behavior in order to transform and actualize all under Heaven.
南朝劉宋, 范曄, 《後漢書·荀淑傳》:
宣文教以章其化、立武備以秉其威。
Spread humanistic education in order to manifest its transformative potential. Establish military capabilities in order to have a grasp on (its) power.
Humanistic education, based on the tradition of rites and propriety 禮教 /礼教 (lǐjiào) have the transformative potential to actualize all under Heaven 人文化成. This is often juxtaposed or contrasted with the use of punishment 刑 (xíng) or military might 武 (wǔ) to establish power and control over a populace, as can be seen in the quote below:
南北朝, 齊王融, 〈從武帝琅邪城講武應詔詩〉, quoted in 《藝文類聚》卷五十九 ，武部，戰伐:
早逢文化洽，復屬武功宣
Having reached an ideal state of (governance by the means of) transformative education at an early stage, we can now focus on the establishment of military power (in the region).
文化 over here is synonymous with 文治 (wénzhì, “governance by means of culture, education, rites and music”). This is not the same as culture in the modern sense of the term.
It is within this classical context that the Japanese first coined the term 文化(ぶんか) (bunka) to name an era during the Edo period.
When used to translate Kultur during the Meiji restoration, 文化(ぶんか) (bunka) is possibly a contraction of 文明開化(ぶんめいかいか) (bunmeikaika, “to open up and transform through civilization”), which takes the meaning of a civilizing agent i.e. Culture.

quote-book

《周易·賁卦彖傳》

觀於天文、以察時變、觀乎人文、以化成天下

《後漢書·荀淑傳》

宣文教以章其化、立武備以秉其威。

〈從武帝琅邪城講武應詔詩〉

早逢文化洽，復屬武功宣

《藝文類聚》卷五十九 ，武部，戰伐

ja-r

(～社區) Wenhua (a residential community in Ruoqiang, Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


新港

/ɕin⁵⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁵³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴¹/

(～村) Xingang (a village in Zhucheng, Xinzhou district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


青年

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (青年):
* → Japanese: 青年(せいねん) (seinen)
* → Korean: 청년(靑年) (cheongnyeon)
* → Vietnamese: thanh niên (青年)

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ niːn²¹/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵ nˡieŋ⁵³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ nɛŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ nɛŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ liɛn²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn¹³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ ni⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ n̠ʲi²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ niːn²¹/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵ nˡieŋ⁵³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ nɛŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ nɛŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ liɛn²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn¹³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ ni⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ n̠ʲi²¹/

(～村) Qingnian (a village in Yonglong, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


建設

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/kyoŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niɛʔ²⁴/

/kœŋ⁴² ɬɛʔ²¹/

/kyøŋ⁴² ɬɛʔ²/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚³²/

/kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɛt̚⁵/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚³²/

/kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚³²/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ siɛt̚³²/

/t͡ɕi³³ səʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕɪ⁵² səʔ³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/kyoŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niɛʔ²⁴/

/kœŋ⁴² ɬɛʔ²¹/

/kyøŋ⁴² ɬɛʔ²/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚³²/

/kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɛt̚⁵/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚³²/

/kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚³²/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ siɛt̚³²/

/t͡ɕi³³ səʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕɪ⁵² səʔ³³/

(～村) Jianshe (a village in Liuji, Dawu, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


天井

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɪŋ³⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiaŋ³¹/

/tʰĩ³³ t͡sĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sĩ⁵³/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sĩ⁵³/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sẽ⁴¹/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɛ̃⁵³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sĩ⁵³/

/tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sẽ⁵²/

/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕin²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɪŋ³⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiaŋ³¹/

/tʰĩ³³ t͡sĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sĩ⁵³/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sĩ⁵³/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sẽ⁴¹/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɛ̃⁵³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sĩ⁵³/

/tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sẽ⁵²/

/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕin²¹/

(～村) Tianjing (a village in Sanhe, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


上午

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saŋ²¹³ vu⁵³/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ vou²⁴/

/sœːŋ²² ŋ̍¹³/

/sɒ̃⁴⁵ vu⁵³/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁴¹/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/siaŋ²²⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/ʂan²¹⁻¹¹ u⁴¹/

/san²¹⁻¹¹ u⁴¹/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saŋ²¹³ vu⁵³/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ vou²⁴/

/sœːŋ²² ŋ̍¹³/

/sɒ̃⁴⁵ vu⁵³/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁴¹/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/siaŋ²²⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/ʂan²¹⁻¹¹ u⁴¹/

/san²¹⁻¹¹ u⁴¹/

(～村) Shangwu (a village in Gangwei, Longhai, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)


銅山

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

(～村) Tongshan (a village in Shihua, Gucheng, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


團結

/tʰu̯än³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/hᵘɔn²² ket̚⁵⁵/

/tuaŋ¹³⁻⁴² kɛʔ²¹/

/tuoŋ²⁴⁻⁴² kɛʔ²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻²¹ kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚⁵/

/tʰuan¹³⁻²² kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²³⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰueŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kak̚²/

/tʰuaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kak̚²/

/dø²² t͡ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/dø²⁴ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/dø²² ciɪʔ²²/

/dø²⁴ t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/

/dø²² t͡ɕiɪʔ³³/

/dɵ¹¹ t͡ɕiɪʔ³³/

/dɤə³¹ t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/

/dɤ¹¹ t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/

/də¹³ t͡ɕiəʔ³³/

/dø²² t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵¹/

/dɛ²² t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/

/de¹¹ t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/

/duõ²² t͡ɕiəʔ³⁴/

/dø̃¹¹ t͡ɕieʔ⁵⁵/

/tʰu̯än³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/hᵘɔn²² ket̚⁵⁵/

/tuaŋ¹³⁻⁴² kɛʔ²¹/

/tuoŋ²⁴⁻⁴² kɛʔ²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻²¹ kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚⁵/

/tʰuan¹³⁻²² kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰuan²³⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²/

/tʰueŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kak̚²/

/tʰuaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kak̚²/

/dø²² t͡ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/dø²⁴ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/dø²² ciɪʔ²²/

/dø²⁴ t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/

/dø²² t͡ɕiɪʔ³³/

/dɵ¹¹ t͡ɕiɪʔ³³/

/dɤə³¹ t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/

/dɤ¹¹ t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/

/də¹³ t͡ɕiəʔ³³/

/dø²² t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵¹/

/dɛ²² t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/

/de¹¹ t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁵/

/duõ²² t͡ɕiəʔ³⁴/

/dø̃¹¹ t͡ɕieʔ⁵⁵/

As a lake, paired with nearby Xiezuo Lake from the expression 團結協作 (tuánjié xiézuò, “to work in unity”).

zh-l

(～社區) Tuanjie (a residential community in Ruoqiang, Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


中心

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sim²⁴/

/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ sim⁵³/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))niŋ⁵³³/

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))niŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ sim³³/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sim²⁴/

/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ sim⁵³/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))niŋ⁵³³/

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))niŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ sim³³/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

(～村) Zhongxin (a village in Wudian, Guangshui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)


長江

desc

→ Manchu: ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ
ᡠᠯᠠ (golmin ula) (calque)

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiaŋ²² kɔŋ³³/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/tuoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋøyŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

/zã²² kɑ̃⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiaŋ²² kɔŋ³³/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/tuoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋøyŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

/zã²² kɑ̃⁴⁴/

揚子江

originally only in reference to the lower reaches

(～社區) Changjiang (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


光武

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ mou̯¹³/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ mou̯¹³/

(～村) Guangwu (a rural village in Jiaoxi, Yilan County, Taiwan)


中興

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ hiɪŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ hiɪŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

(～里) an urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei City, Taiwan

(～社區) Zhongxing (a residential community in Chenjiagang, Xiangshui, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China)


太平

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (太平):
* → Japanese: 太平(たいへい) (taihei)
* → Korean: 태평(太平) (taepyeong)
* → Vietnamese: thái bình (太平)

→ Manchu: ᡨᠠᡳᡶᡳᠨ (taifin)

desc

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠫᠢᠩ (tayiping)

Mongolian: тайван (tajvan)

→ Tuvan: тайбың (taybıñ)

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/tʰɛ⁴⁴ pʰiŋ²⁴/

/tʰaːi̯³³ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/tʰuɛ³³ peiŋ²¹/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βaŋ⁵³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ¹³/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪŋ²³/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/tʰɛ⁴⁴ pʰiŋ²⁴/

/tʰaːi̯³³ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/tʰuɛ³³ peiŋ²¹/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βaŋ⁵³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ¹³/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪŋ²³/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

寧為太平犬，不做亂世人 / 宁为太平犬，不做乱世人

nìng wéi tàipíng quǎn, bù zuò luànshì rén

(～里, formerly ～村) an urban village in Linkou district, New Taipei City, Taiwan, formerly a rural village

(～村) Taiping (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


將軍

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/

/t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡si̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯un²⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴ kiun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ³³ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡suoŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔŋ⁵³³/

zyoeng¹ guong¹ [Phonetic:zyoeng⁵ nguong¹]

/t͡syøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³³⁻²³ kuŋ³³/

/t͡ɕiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/

/t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡si̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯un²⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴⁴ kiun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ³³ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

/t͡suoŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔŋ⁵³³/

/t͡syøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³³⁻²³ kuŋ³³/

/t͡ɕiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn²¹/

First used in the state of Jin in Spring and Autumn period, where the army are controled by one of the leaders of six powerful vassal states (see Zhongjunjiang). Later it becomes a separate official position.

(～村) Jiangjyun, Jiangjun (a rural village in Wangan, Penghu County, Taiwan)


同心

→ English: Tongxin

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ sɐm⁵⁵/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² sim³³/

/taŋ¹³⁻²² sim⁴⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sim⁴⁴/

/taŋ²³⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ sɐm⁵⁵/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² sim³³/

/taŋ¹³⁻²² sim⁴⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sim⁴⁴/

/taŋ²³⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/

(～村) Tongxin (a village in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

(～村) Tongxin (a village in Wudian, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


金銀

/t͡ɕiŋ²⁴ iŋ²⁴/

/kɐm⁵⁵ ŋɐn²¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡin²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡun²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡin¹³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡun¹³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡin²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡun²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡin²³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡun²³/

/t͡ɕiŋ²⁴ iŋ²⁴/

/kɐm⁵⁵ ŋɐn²¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡin²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡun²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡin¹³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² ɡun¹³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡin²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡun²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡin²³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡun²³/

(～村) Jinyin (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


前進

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ t͡sɵn³³/

/t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² t͡sin²¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sin²¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sin¹¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sin⁴¹/

/t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ t͡sin²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sin²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sin¹¹/

/t͡sõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siŋ²¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ t͡sɵn³³/

/t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² t͡sin²¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sin²¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sin¹¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² t͡sin⁴¹/

/t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ t͡sin²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sin²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sin¹¹/

/t͡sõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siŋ²¹³/

(～村) Qianjin (a village in Gaocheng, Sui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)

(～村) (historical) Qianjin (a village in Liushuquan, Fengnan district, Tangshan, Hebei, China)


翻身

/fän⁵⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/

/fan²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨn²⁴/

/fän⁵⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/

/fan²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨn²⁴/

(～村) Fanshen (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


紅旗

/xʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ kʰei̯²¹/

/aŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi¹³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi²⁴/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/aŋ¹³⁻²² ki¹³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ ki²³/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ki⁵⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ kʰei̯²¹/

/aŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi¹³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi²⁴/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² ki²⁴/

/aŋ¹³⁻²² ki¹³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ ki²³/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ki⁵⁵/

(～村) Hongqi (a village in Yonglong, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)

(～村) Hongqi (a village in Huilong, Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

(～社區) Hongqi (a community in Zhucheng, Xinzhou district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


山頭

/ʂän⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/ɬũã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))nau²⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³/

/ʂän⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/ɬũã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))nau²⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³/

(～社區, formerly ～村) Shantou (a residential community in Dadeng, Xiang'an district, Xiamen, Fujian, China, formerly a village)


城中

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/saŋ¹¹ t͡suŋ²⁴/

/siã²⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siã²⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ³³/

/siã¹³⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siã²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siã²³⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/saŋ¹¹ t͡suŋ²⁴/

/siã²⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siã²⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ³³/

/siã¹³⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siã²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/siã²³⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

(～村) Chengzhong (a village in Tancheng, Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


北門

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ muĩ¹³/

/pak̚²⁻⁵ muĩ²⁴/

/pak̚²⁻⁴ muŋ⁵⁵/

/pak̚²⁻⁴ mɯŋ⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ muĩ¹³/

/pak̚²⁻⁵ muĩ²⁴/

/pak̚²⁻⁴ muŋ⁵⁵/

/pak̚²⁻⁴ mɯŋ⁵⁵/

(～社區, formerly ～村) Beimen (a residential community in Dadeng, Xiang'an district, Xiamen, Fujian, China, formerly a village)

(～村) Beimen (a village in Tancheng, Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


東門

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/taŋ³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bun²⁴/

/tɔŋ³³ bun²⁴/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bun¹³/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/taŋ³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bun²⁴/

/tɔŋ³³ bun²⁴/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bun¹³/

(～社區) Dongmen (a residential community in Wenquan, Yingshan, Huanggang, Hubei, China)

(～社區) Dongmen (a residential community in Tancheng, Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


高橋

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

(～村) Gaoqiao (a village in Wangshi, Jianli, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)

(～村) Gaoqiao (a village in Chengbei, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


長沙

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (長沙):
* → Japanese: 長(ちょう)沙(さ) (Chōsa)
* → Korean: 장사(長沙) (Jangsa)
* → Vietnamese: Trường Sa (長沙)

→ English: Changsha, Ch'ang-sha

→ Korean: 창사 (Changsa)

→ Russian: Чанша́ (Čanšá)

→ Zhuang: Cangzsah

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ saː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ sa²⁴/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ sa⁴⁴/

/tuoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾na⁵⁵/

/tyɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ɬa⁵³³/

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ɬa⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² sa⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² sa³³/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² sɛ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ sua⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ sua⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sa³³/

/ʈ͡ʂan¹³ sa̠³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ saː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ sa²⁴/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ sa⁴⁴/

/tuoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾na⁵⁵/

/tyɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ɬa⁵³³/

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ɬa⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² sa⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² sa³³/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² sɛ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ sua⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ sua⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sa³³/

/ʈ͡ʂan¹³ sa̠³³/

(～村) Changsha (a village in Huangqi, Lianjiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


國門

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ muːn²¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ mŋ̍¹³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/*kʷɯːɡ mɯːn/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ muːn²¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ mŋ̍¹³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/*kʷɯːɡ mɯːn/

(～社區) Guomen (a residential community in Mengmao, Ruili, Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China, actually governed by Jiegao Border Trade Zone)


紅光

/xʊŋ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fuŋ¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fuŋ¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

(～村) Hongguang (a village in Yonglong, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


天津

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sin²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴ t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((t͡s-))niŋ⁵³³/

/tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))niŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sin⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sin⁴⁴/

/tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siŋ³³/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siŋ³³/

/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕin²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sin²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴ t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((t͡s-))niŋ⁵³³/

/tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))niŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sin⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sin⁴⁴/

/tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siŋ³³/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siŋ³³/

/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕin²¹/

(～社區) Tianjin (a community in Yiyuan, Jiang'an district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


東山

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/taŋ³³⁻²¹ suã³³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/taŋ³³⁻²¹ suã³³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

(～村) Dongshan (a village in Shenhu, Jinjiang, Quanzhou, Fujian, China)


巫山

→ English: Wushan, Wu-shan

/u⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/

/u⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/

(～村) Wushan (a village in Wushan town, Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)


鐵甲

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiə²⁴ t͡ɕia²⁴/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kaʔ³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kaʔ³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kaʔ³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kaʔ³²/

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiə²⁴ t͡ɕia²⁴/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kaʔ³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kaʔ³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kaʔ³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kaʔ³²/

(～村) Tiejia (a village in Zhucheng, Xinzhou district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


海山

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ suã³³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ suã³³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

(～村) Haishan (a village in Nanri, Xiuyu district, Putian, Fujian, China)


諸葛

Sino-Xenic (諸葛):
* → Japanese: 諸葛(しょかつ) (Shokatsu)
* → Korean: 제갈(諸葛) (Jegal)

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ kɔːt̚³/

/t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɑʔ²⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ kat̚³²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² kat̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ kɔːt̚³/

/t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɑʔ²⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ kat̚³²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² kat̚³²/

三個臭皮匠，勝過諸葛亮 / 三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮

sān ge chòupíjiàng, shèngguò Zhūgě Liàng

(～村) Zhuge (a village in Zhuge, Lanxi, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)


鳳凰

ja-r

鳳(ほう)凰(おう) (hōō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (鳳凰):
* → Japanese: 鳳(ほう)凰(おう) (hōō)
* → Korean: 봉황(鳳凰) (bonghwang)
* → Vietnamese: phượng hoàng (鳳凰)

/fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ¹/

/fəŋ⁴⁴ xuɑŋ²⁴/

/fʊŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹/

/fɵŋ³² vɔŋ²²/

/fuŋ¹¹ fɔŋ¹/

/fuŋ⁵⁵ foŋ¹¹/

/fuŋ³³ foŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ¹³/

/hɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɔŋ²³/

/hoŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ⁵⁵/

/hoŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ⁵⁵/

/voŋ²² ɦuɑ̃⁴⁴/

/fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ¹/

/fəŋ⁴⁴ xuɑŋ²⁴/

/fʊŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹/

/fɵŋ³² vɔŋ²²/

/fuŋ¹¹ fɔŋ¹/

/fuŋ⁵⁵ foŋ¹¹/

/fuŋ³³ foŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ¹³/

/hɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɔŋ²³/

/hoŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ⁵⁵/

/hoŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ⁵⁵/

/voŋ²² ɦuɑ̃⁴⁴/

Miyake (2015) reconstructs Old Chinese pronunciation *N-prəm-s ɢʷˁɑŋ and proposes, though with uncertainty, that the mythical bird's name is the affixed form of 風皇 (“wind sovereign”).

(～村) Fenghuang (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


客店

/kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kʰaʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾laiŋ²¹³/

/kʰa¹¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾le⁴²/

/kʰa²¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾ni⁴²/

/kʰeʔ²⁻⁴ tiam²¹³/

/kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kʰaʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾laiŋ²¹³/

/kʰa¹¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾le⁴²/

/kʰa²¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾ni⁴²/

/kʰeʔ²⁻⁴ tiam²¹³/

(～社區) Kedian (a residential community in Kedian, Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


大義

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² jiː²²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ɡi²²/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² ɡi⁴¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ɡi²²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ ɡi³³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ ɡi³³/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² jiː²²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ɡi²²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ɡi²²/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² ɡi⁴¹/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² ɡi⁴¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ɡi²²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ɡi²²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ ɡi³³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ ɡi³³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ ɡi³³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ ɡi³³/

大定

possibly fictitious second era of Chen Youliang

(～村) Dayi (a rural village in Jiaoxi, Yilan County, Taiwan)


關西

→ English: Guansi, Guanxi, Kuanhsi

/ku̯än⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kʷaːn⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ku̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ sai³³/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kʷaːn⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ku̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ sai³³/

(～社區) Guanxi (a residential community in Zhuodaoquan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


江東

→ English: Jiangdong

Between Wuhu and Nanjing, the Yangtze River flows south to north. The east side of the river is on the southern bank.

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ toŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ toŋ²¹/

Sixty-Four Villages East of the River
w:Sixty-Four Villages East of the River

(historical) Sixty-Four Villages East of the River, Jiangdong (a community in Amur Oblast, Russia)


轅門

/ɥɛn³⁵ mən³⁵/

/ɥɛn³⁵ mən³⁵/

轅 (the shaft which connects a carriage to its horse) + 門 (gate)
: In ancient times, when a monarch went on an expedition (ex. for hunting), the place where he stopped would be made into a camp by surrounding the location with a baricade of horse-drawn vehicles. Two of the vehicles would be upended, and their shafts would be made to meet, so as to form a makeshift gateway of sorts.

(～社區) Yuanmen (a residential community in Tancheng, Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


高盧

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ lu³⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ lu³⁵/

(～村) Gaolu (a village in Sanhe, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


白鷺

/paɪ̯³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/ˈpʰaʔ⁵ lu¹¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² lɔ⁴¹/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/paɪ̯³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/ˈpʰaʔ⁵ lu¹¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² lɔ⁴¹/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

(～社區) Bailu (a residential community in Tancheng, Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


西頭

/ɕi⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

(～村) Xitou (a village in Sanhe, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


章程

Constitution of the Communist Party of China

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ³³ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɪŋ²³/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɪŋ¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ²¹/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ³³ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɪŋ²³/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɪŋ¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ²/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ²/

(～村) Zhangcheng (a village in Zhucheng, Xinzhou district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


新興

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ hɪŋ³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ hɪŋ³³/

(～里) an urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei City, Taiwan


仁愛

/ʐən³⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɐn²¹ ɔːi̯³³/

/d͡zin¹³⁻²² ai²¹/

/zin²³⁻³³ ai²¹/

/lin²⁴⁻²² ai⁴¹/

/lin²⁴⁻²² ai²¹/

/lin²⁴⁻¹¹ ai¹¹/

/ʐən³⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɐn²¹ ɔːi̯³³/

/d͡zin¹³⁻²² ai²¹/

/zin²³⁻³³ ai²¹/

/lin²⁴⁻²² ai⁴¹/

/lin²⁴⁻²² ai²¹/

/lin²⁴⁻¹¹ ai¹¹/

(～里, formerly ～村) an urban village in Linkou district, New Taipei City, Taiwan, formerly a rural village


民主

/min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵/

/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴/

/bin¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/bin²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵²/

/min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵/

/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/bin²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵⁵⁴/

/bin¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/bin²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵²/

In Classical Chinese, 民主 meant "sovereign", as in 民之主, or "ruler of the people". This was repurposed in the mid-1860s to mean "democracy", "democratic" during the translation of the book Elements of International Law.

(～村) Minzhu (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


洞庭

/tʊŋ⁵¹ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/tʊŋ²² tʰɪŋ²¹/

/tʊŋ⁵¹ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/tʊŋ²² tʰɪŋ²¹/

(～社區) Dongting (a community in Yiyuan, Jiang'an district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


錦繡

/t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɐm³⁵ sɐu̯³³/

/kim⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siu⁴¹/

/ɡim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siu¹¹/

/ɡim⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siu²¹/

/ɡim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siu²¹/

/t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɐm³⁵ sɐu̯³³/

/kim⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siu⁴¹/

/ɡim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siu¹¹/

/ɡim⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siu²¹/

/ɡim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siu²¹/

(～村) Jinxiu (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


陽春

/jɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun³³/

/iɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/jɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun³³/

/iɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

(～社區) Yangchun (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


書院

Sino-Xenic (書院):
* → Japanese: 書(しょ)院(いん) (shoin)
* → Korean: 서원(書院) (seowon)
* → Vietnamese: thư viện (書院)

/ʂu⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/syː⁵⁵ jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯en⁵⁵/

/ʃu⁵³ ʒan¹¹/

/t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ iɛŋ²⁴²/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ ĩ³³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² ĩ²²/

/t͡sɯ³³ ĩ⁴¹/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² ĩ²²/

/t͡sɯ³³⁻²³ ĩ¹¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ ɦyø²¹/

/ʂu⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/syː⁵⁵ jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯en⁵⁵/

/ʃu⁵³ ʒan¹¹/

/t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ iɛŋ²⁴²/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ ĩ³³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² ĩ²²/

/t͡sɯ³³ ĩ⁴¹/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² ĩ²²/

/t͡sɯ³³⁻²³ ĩ¹¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ ɦyø²¹/

(～社區) Shuyuan (a community in Shuyuan Subdistrict, Xiaonan district, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


城池

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/saŋ¹¹ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/

/siã²⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/siã²⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/siã¹³⁻²² ti¹³/

/siã²⁴⁻¹¹ ti²⁴/

/siã²³⁻³³ ti²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/saŋ¹¹ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/

/siã²⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/siã²⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/siã¹³⁻²² ti¹³/

/siã²⁴⁻¹¹ ti²⁴/

/siã²³⁻³³ ti²³/

(～村) Chengchi (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


螺螄

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩³/

/lɔː²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩³/

/lɔː²¹ siː⁵⁵/

(～村) Luosi (a village in Huilong, Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


十三

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ sän⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²⁴ sæ̃²⁴/

/səʔ⁵⁴ sæ̃¹¹/

/sɛiʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ saŋ⁵⁵/

/ɬɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ ɬɒ⁵³³/

/ɬɛʔ⁴⁻² ɬɒ̃⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² sã⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚²⁴⁻² sã³³/

/t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ sã⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² sã⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² sã⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻² sã³³/

/zəʔ¹¹ se²³/

/ʂʐ̩²⁴ san³³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ sän⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²⁴ sæ̃²⁴/

/səʔ⁵⁴ sæ̃¹¹/

/sɛiʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ saŋ⁵⁵/

/ɬɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ ɬɒ⁵³³/

/ɬɛʔ⁴⁻² ɬɒ̃⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² sã⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚²⁴⁻² sã³³/

/t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ sã⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² sã⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² sã⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻² sã³³/

/zəʔ¹¹ se²³/

/ʂʐ̩²⁴ san³³/

(～村) Shisan (a village in Huilong, Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


石井

→ English: Shijing, Shih-ching

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

(～社區) Shijing (a residential community in Shijing, Nan'an, Quanzhou, Fujian, China)


石板

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² paːn³⁵/

/t͡sieʔ⁴⁻² paŋ⁵²/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² paːn³⁵/

/t͡sieʔ⁴⁻² paŋ⁵²/

(～村) Shiban (a village in Sandouping, Yiling district, Yichang, Hubei, China)


石盤

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pʰän³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pʰän³⁵/

(～村) Shipan (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)

(～村) Shipan (a village in Nanri, Xiuyu district, Putian, Fujian, China)


促進

/t͡sʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sɵn³³/

/tʰɵk̚⁵⁵ tin³³/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sin²¹/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sin⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sin²¹/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sin¹¹/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sin²¹/

/t͡sʰok̚²⁻⁴ t͡siŋ²¹³/

/t͡sʰoʔ³³ t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sɵn³³/

/tʰɵk̚⁵⁵ tin³³/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sin²¹/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sin⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sin²¹/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sin¹¹/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sin²¹/

/t͡sʰok̚²⁻⁴ t͡siŋ²¹³/

/t͡sʰoʔ³³ t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

(～村) Cujin (a village in Shijing, Nan'an, Quanzhou, Fujian, China)


河口

/xɤ³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xə²⁴ kʰou⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ hɐu̯³⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xɤ³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xə²⁴ kʰou⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ hɐu̯³⁵/

(～村) Hekou (a village in Shuanghe, Togtoh, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China)


東風

ja-r

東風(とうふう) (Tōfū)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (東風):
* → Japanese: 東風(とうふう) (Tōfū)

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁴⁴ fʊŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³ hɔŋ³³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ huaŋ³³/

/toŋ⁵⁵ foŋ²¹/

/toŋ⁴⁴ foŋ⁵³/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁴⁴ fʊŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³ hɔŋ³³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ huaŋ³³/

/toŋ⁵⁵ foŋ²¹/

/toŋ⁴⁴ foŋ⁵³/

(～社區) Dongfeng (a residential community in Lucheng, Yidu, Yichang, Hubei, China)

(～村) Dongfeng (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


玉石

/y⁴⁴⁻⁴² ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/

/jʊk̚² sɛːk̚²/

/ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sioʔ⁴/

/ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² siɪk̚⁴/

/y⁴⁴⁻⁴² ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/

/jʊk̚² sɛːk̚²/

/ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sioʔ⁴/

/ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² siɪk̚⁴/

(～村) Yushi (a rural village in Jiaoxi, Yilan County, Taiwan)


華美

→ English: Huamei, E-bue

/xu̯ä³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/e³⁵⁻¹¹ bue⁵²/

/xu̯ä³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/e³⁵⁻¹¹ bue⁵²/

Huamei (a village in Chao'an district, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China, once host to a station on the Swatow-Chaochowfu Railway)


聯合

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (聯合):
* → Japanese: 連合(れんごう) (rengō)
* → Korean: 연합(聯合) (yeonhap), 련합(聯合) (ryeonhap)
* → Vietnamese: liên hiệp (聯合)

/li̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋaʔ⁵/

/lɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ haʔ⁴/

/lɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ haʔ⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ hap̚⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² hap̚⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² hap̚²⁴/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² hap̚¹²¹/

/biɛn¹³⁻²² hap̚¹²¹/

/liaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ haʔ⁴/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋaʔ⁵/

/lɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ haʔ⁴/

/lɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ haʔ⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ hap̚⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² hap̚⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² hap̚²⁴/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² hap̚¹²¹/

/biɛn¹³⁻²² hap̚¹²¹/

/liaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ haʔ⁴/

(～村) Lianhe (a village in Wulipu, Shayang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)

(～村) Lianhe (a village in Zhucheng, Xinzhou district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


奶西

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/naːi̯¹³ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/naːi̯¹³ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

Today around 7:40 am, there was a fire at a flea market in Naixi, Changyang. The smoke permeated through the air above the Jingcheng Expressway. Nine fire squadrons with 46 firetrucks were present to handle the fire, and the fire was extinguished by 9:09 am. There were no casualties.

2017 February 27, 李东, 家具旧货市场起火, in 《法制晚报》

Jīntiān zǎoshàng 7 shí 40 fēn xǔ, Cháoyáng Nǎixī jiùhuò shìchǎng fāshēng huǒzāi, nóngyān yīdù mímàn dào Jīngchéng Gāosù shàngkōng, 9 ge xiāofáng zhōngduì 46 bù xiāofángchē dàochǎng chǔzhì, jiézhì shàngwǔ 9 shí 09 fēn dàhuǒ bèi pūmiè, wú rényuán shāngwáng.

今天早上7時40分許，朝陽奶西舊貨市場發生火災，濃煙一度彌漫到京承高速上空，9個消防中隊46部消防車到場處置，截至上午9時09分大火被撲滅，無人員傷亡。

今天早上7时40分许，朝阳奶西旧货市场发生火灾，浓烟一度弥漫到京承高速上空，9个消防中队46部消防车到场处置，截至上午9时09分大火被扑灭，无人员伤亡。

(～村) Naixi (a village in Cuigezhuang, Chaoyang district, Beijing, China)


指南

to indicate south (i.e. to show direction)

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam¹³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lam²³/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ nam⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam¹³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lam²³/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ nam⁵⁵/

(～村) Zhinan (a village in Wanquan, Honghu, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


解放

Sino-Xenic (解放):
* → Japanese: 解放(かいほう) (kaihō)
* → Korean: 해방(解放) (haebang)
* → Vietnamese: giải phóng (解放)

→ Zhuang: gaijfang

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ⁵¹/

/kaːi̯³⁵ fɔːŋ³³/

/kai³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uɔŋ²¹³/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/

/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ⁴¹/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹¹/

/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/

/koi⁵²⁻³⁵ huaŋ²¹³/

/t͡ɕia³³ fɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ⁵¹/

/kaːi̯³⁵ fɔːŋ³³/

/kai³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uɔŋ²¹³/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/

/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ⁴¹/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹¹/

/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/

/koi⁵²⁻³⁵ huaŋ²¹³/

/t͡ɕia³³ fɑ̃⁴⁴/

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 解放(かいほう) (kaihō)

wasei kango

(～社區) Jiefang (a residential community in Lucheng, Yidu, Yichang, Hubei, China)


蔬菜

/ʂu⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/sɔː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰai²¹/

/sɔ³³ t͡sʰai⁴¹/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰai²¹/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰai¹¹/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰai²¹/

/so³³⁻²³ t͡sʰai²¹³/

/səu⁵² t͡sʰe¹¹/

/ʂu⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/sɔː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰai²¹/

/sɔ³³ t͡sʰai⁴¹/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰai²¹/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰai¹¹/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰai²¹/

/so³³⁻²³ t͡sʰai²¹³/

/səu⁵² t͡sʰe¹¹/

(～村) Shucai (a village in Wenquan, Yingshan, Huanggang, Hubei, China)


米倉

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰŋ̍³³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰŋ̍³³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

(～里) an urban village in Bali district, New Taipei City, Taiwan


民生

/min³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/bin²³⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/bin¹³⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻²² sŋ̍³³/

/miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ³³/

/min³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/bin²³⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/bin¹³⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻²² sŋ̍³³/

/miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ³³/

(～里) an urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei City, Taiwan


綠化

/ly⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/lʊk̚² faː³³/

/liɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hua²¹/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hua¹¹/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hua²¹/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hua¹¹/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hua²¹/

/ly⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/lʊk̚² faː³³/

/liɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hua²¹/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hua¹¹/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hua²¹/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hua¹¹/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hua²¹/

(～村) Lühua (a village in Yonglong, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


光明

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/

/kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/

/kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

(～社區) Guangming (a community in Chengzhong, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


星星

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/siŋ⁵⁵ siŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/siŋ⁵⁵ siŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/ɕiŋ¹¹ ɕiŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰẽ³³/

/ɕin⁴⁴ ɕin⁵³/

/ɕin³³ ɕin³⁴/

/ɕiŋ³³ ɕiŋ⁵²/

/ɕiŋ³³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/siŋ⁴⁴ siŋ³¹/

/siŋ³³ siŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕiŋ¹¹ ɕiŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰẽ³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

/ɕin⁴⁴ ɕin⁵³/

/ɕin³³ ɕin³⁴/

/ɕiŋ³³ ɕiŋ⁵²/

/ɕiŋ³³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/siŋ⁴⁴ siŋ³¹/

/siŋ³³ siŋ⁵⁵/

(～社區) Xingxing (a community in Chengzhong, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


高峰

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/kɔ³³ hɔŋ³³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kau³³⁻²³ hoŋ³³/

/kɔ⁵⁵ foŋ²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/kɔ³³ hɔŋ³³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kau³³⁻²³ hoŋ³³/

/kɔ⁵⁵ foŋ²¹/

(～村) Gaofeng (a village in Wudian, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


新建

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn¹¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn¹¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn²¹/

(～社區) Xinjian (a community in Zhucheng, Xinzhou district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

(～村) Xinjian (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


大同

→ English: Datong, Tatung

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰʊŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ tʰuŋ¹¹/

/tʰai³³ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/tai¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ¹³/

/tai²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ²³/

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰʊŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ tʰuŋ¹¹/

/tʰai³³ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/tai¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ¹³/

/tai²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ²³/

The philosophical sense is from the Book of Rites, Book 9 (《禮記·禮運》)

… In this way (selfish) schemings were repressed and found no development. Robbers, filchers, and rebellious traitors did not show themselves, and hence the outer doors remained open, and were not shut. This was (the period of) what we call the Grand Union.

The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

...... Shìgù móu bì ér bù xīng, dàoqiè luànzéi ér bù zuò, gù wàihù ér bù bì, shì wèi dàtóng.

……是故謀閉而不興，盜竊亂賊而不作，故外戶而不閉，是謂大同。

……是故谋闭而不兴，盗窃乱贼而不作，故外户而不闭，是谓大同。

(～社區) Datong (a residential community in Zhicheng, Yidu, Yichang, Hubei, China)


天王

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/tʰi⁵⁵ ɦuɑ̃²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/tʰi⁵⁵ ɦuɑ̃²¹/

Earliest extant attestation is in the Spring and Autumn Annals [c. 5th century BCE]:
*

circa

5th century <small class='ce-date'>BCE</small>

In autumn, in the seventh month, the Heaven-appointed king sent the [sub] administrator Xuan with a present of [two] carriages and their horses for the funerals of duke Hui and [his wife] the second-born Zi.

Spring and Autumn Annals, c. 5th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Qiū, qīyuè, tiānwáng shǐ zǎi Xuān lái guī Huìgōng Zhòngzǐ zhī fèng.

秋，七月，天王使宰咺來歸惠公仲子之賵。

秋，七月，天王使宰咺来归惠公仲子之赗。

(～村) Tianwang (a village in Xinshi, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


聯盟

/li̯ɛn³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/lyːn²¹ mɐŋ²¹/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻³³ mɛiŋ⁵³/

/lɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ mɛŋ¹³/

/lɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mɛŋ²⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/biɛn¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/lyːn²¹ mɐŋ²¹/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻³³ mɛiŋ⁵³/

/lɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ mɛŋ¹³/

/lɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mɛŋ²⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/biɛn¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

(～村) Lianmeng (a village in Zhashan, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


民權

/min³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ kʰyːn²¹/

/min³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ kʰyːn²¹/


綜合

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ³³ hɐp̚²/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ hɐp̚²/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hap̚⁵/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hap̚⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ³³ hap̚²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hap̚¹²¹/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡soŋ³³⁻²³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡soŋ³³⁻²³ haʔ⁴/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɦəʔ²¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ³³ hɐp̚²/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ hɐp̚²/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hap̚⁵/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hap̚⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ³³ hap̚²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hap̚¹²¹/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡soŋ³³⁻²³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡soŋ³³⁻²³ haʔ⁴/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɦəʔ²¹/

(～村) Zonghe (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


二郎

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ lɑŋ³⁵/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ lɑŋ³⁵/

(～村) Erlang (a village in Wudian, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


新一

/ɕin⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jɐt̚⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jɐt̚⁵/

(～村) Xinyi (a village in Xinshi, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


陽光

/jɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ˈiɔŋ³⁵ kuɔŋ⁴²/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/iaŋ¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/iaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kuaŋ³³/

/ɦiã²² kuɑ̃⁴⁴/

/jɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ˈiɔŋ³⁵ kuɔŋ⁴²/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/iaŋ¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/iaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kuaŋ³³/

/ɦiã²² kuɑ̃⁴⁴/

(～社區) Yangguang (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


大橋

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/taːi̯²² kʰiːu̯²¹/

/du²² d͡ʑiɔ⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/taːi̯²² kʰiːu̯²¹/

/du²² d͡ʑiɔ⁴⁴/

(～村) Daqiao (a village in Gaocheng, Sui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)


金田

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

(～社區) Jintian (a residential community in Jintian, Guiping, Guigang, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～村) Jintian (a village in Jintian, Guiping, Guigang, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


中島

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Nakashima, Nakajima (a village in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan)


平川

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～村) Pingchuan (a village in Shihua, Gucheng, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


古城

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(～社區) Gucheng (a community in Chengzhong, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～村) Gucheng (a village in Gangwei, Longhai, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)


永吉

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ kɐt̚⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ kɐt̚⁵/

(～里) an urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei City, Taiwan


宮西

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

(～村) Gongxi (a village in Haidao, Xiapu, Ningde, Fujian, China)


高崎

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² kia²⁴/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² kia²⁴/

(～村) Gaoqi (a village in Huli district, Xiamen, Fujian, China)


新屋

/ɕin⁵⁵ uɻʷ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ ʊk̚⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔk̚³²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ uɻʷ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ ʊk̚⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔk̚³²/

(～村) Xinwu (a village in Gaocheng, Sui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)


武陵

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵/

/mou̯¹³ lɪŋ²¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/bu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ¹³/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵/

/mou̯¹³ lɪŋ²¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/bu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ¹³/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²³/

(～村) Wuling (a village in Likou, Qimen, Huangshan, Anhui, China)


對面

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tɵy̯³³ miːn²²/

/tøy²¹³⁻⁵³ mɛiŋ²¹³/

/tui⁴²⁻⁵⁵ miŋ⁴²/

/tui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bin⁴¹/

/tui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ miŋ¹¹/

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tɵy̯³³ miːn²²/

/tøy²¹³⁻⁵³ mɛiŋ²¹³/

/tui⁴²⁻⁵⁵ miŋ⁴²/

/tui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bin⁴¹/

/tui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ miŋ¹¹/

(～村) Duimian (a village in Sanhe, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


合成

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/hɐp̚² sɪŋ²¹/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²⁴/

/hap̚²⁴⁻² siɪŋ²⁴/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ siɪŋ¹³/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²⁴/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²³/

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/hɐp̚² sɪŋ²¹/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²⁴/

/hap̚²⁴⁻² siɪŋ²⁴/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ siɪŋ¹³/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²⁴/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²³/

(～里) an urban village in Nangang district, Taipei, Taiwan


光輝

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ fɐi̯⁵⁵/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fi²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ hui³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ hui³³/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ fɐi̯⁵⁵/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fi²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ hui³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ hui³³/

(～村) Guanghui (a village in Likou, Qimen, Huangshan, Anhui, China)


清明

ryu-r

清明(しーみー) (Shīmī)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (清明):
* → Japanese: 清明(せいめい) (Seimei)
* → Okinawan: 清明(しーみー) (Shīmī)
* → Korean: 청명(淸明) (Cheongmyeong)
* → Vietnamese: Thanh minh (清明)

→ Indonesian: cengbeng

desc

→ Thai: เชงเม้ง (cheng-méng), เช็งเม้ง (cheng-méng)

→ Khmer: ឆេងម៉េង (cheengmeeng)

→ Zhuang: Cingmingz

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴ mi̯aŋ¹¹/

/t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ min¹¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ¹¹ miŋ¹¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/t͡sʰia⁵³³⁻¹¹ mia¹³/

/t͡sʰĩã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ mia²⁴/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ miã²⁴/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² miã²⁴/

/t͡sʰuĩ³³ miã²⁴/

/t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² miã¹³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ meŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴ mi̯aŋ¹¹/

/t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ min¹¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ¹¹ miŋ¹¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/t͡sʰia⁵³³⁻¹¹ mia¹³/

/t͡sʰĩã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ mia²⁴/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ miã²⁴/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² miã²⁴/

/t͡sʰuĩ³³ miã²⁴/

/t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² miã¹³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ meŋ⁵⁵/

:zh:逸周書
Classic of Rites
Guoyu (book)
Shijing
Xunzi

From 清 (OC *sʰleŋ, “clear; pure”) + 明 (OC *mraŋ, “bright”). Attested in Shijing ("(of governance) to be methodical, orderly"), Xunzi ("(of water) clear and bright"), Classic of Rites ("sober, calm"; "(of voice) clear"), Lost Book of Zhou ("(the date of) Qingming, from brightness, clearness of the scenery"), Guoyu ("southeasterly winds").

立春、雨水、驚蟄

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Spring

立夏、小滿

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Summer

立秋、處暑

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Autumn

立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Winter

(～村) Qingming (a village in Wanquan, Honghu, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


丹陽

/tän⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/taːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/tän⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/taːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

(～社區) Danyang (a residential community in Maoping, Zigui, Yichang, Hubei, China)


白虎

/paɪ̯³⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɔ⁴¹/

/peʔ⁴⁻² hõũ⁵²/

/paɪ̯³⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɔ⁴¹/

/peʔ⁴⁻² hõũ⁵²/

(～村) Baihu (a village in Wulipu, Shayang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


新春

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰun²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰun²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/


餘姚

/y³⁵ jɑʊ̯³⁵/

/jyː²¹ jiːu̯²¹/

/y³⁵ jɑʊ̯³⁵/

/jyː²¹ jiːu̯²¹/

餘 (OC *la) is thought to be the same as the first syllable in 餘杭, and may be derived from a Kra-Dai substrate word. See 餘杭 for more.

(～村) Yuyao (a village in Zhucheng, Xinzhou district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


長壽

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²⁴ ʂou⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ sɐu̯²²/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ su⁵⁵/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ siu³³/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² siu⁴¹/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ siu³³/

/tŋ̍¹³⁻²² siu²²/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² siu²²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siu⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ siu³³/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siu²²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siu³³/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² siu²²/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siu¹¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²⁴ ʂou⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ sɐu̯²²/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ su⁵⁵/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ siu³³/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² siu⁴¹/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ siu³³/

/tŋ̍¹³⁻²² siu²²/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² siu²²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siu⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ siu³³/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siu²²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siu³³/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² siu²²/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siu¹¹/

(～社區) Changshou (a residential community in Changshou, Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)

(～村) Changshou (a village in Changshou, Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


友愛

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɐu̯¹³ ɔːi̯³³/

/i̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ oi̯⁵⁵/

/(j)i̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ oi̯⁵⁵/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai²¹/

/iu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ai⁴¹/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai²¹/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai¹¹/

/iu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ai²¹/

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɐu̯¹³ ɔːi̯³³/

/i̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ oi̯⁵⁵/

/(j)i̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ oi̯⁵⁵/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai²¹/

/iu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ai⁴¹/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai²¹/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai¹¹/

/iu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ai²¹/

(～村) You'ai (a village in Zhashan, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


白露

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (白露):
* → Japanese: 白(はく)露(ろ) (hakuro)
* → Korean: 백로(白露) (baengno)
* → Vietnamese: bạch lộ (白露)

/paɪ̯³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/pɛ²¹ nu²¹³/

/ˈpʰɛt̚⁵ lu¹¹/

/paʔ⁵⁻²¹ l̃ou²¹³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ lɔ³³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lɔ³³/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² lɔ⁴¹/

/piɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/pɤ̞²⁴ ləu̯²¹⁻¹¹/

/paɪ̯³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/pɛ²¹ nu²¹³/

/ˈpʰɛt̚⁵ lu¹¹/

/paʔ⁵⁻²¹ l̃ou²¹³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ lɔ³³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lɔ³³/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² lɔ⁴¹/

/piɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/pɤ̞²⁴ ləu̯²¹⁻¹¹/

(～村) Bailu (a village in Xinshi, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


板金

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

(～村) Banjin (a village in Bofan, Anlu, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


學府

/ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːk̚² fuː³⁵/

/hak̚⁴⁻³² hu⁵³/

/hak̚²⁴⁻² hu⁵⁵⁴/

/hak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hu⁵³/

/hak̚⁴⁻³² hu⁵³/

/hak̚⁴⁻³² hu⁴¹/

/ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːk̚² fuː³⁵/

/hak̚⁴⁻³² hu⁵³/

/hak̚²⁴⁻² hu⁵⁵⁴/

/hak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hu⁵³/

/hak̚⁴⁻³² hu⁵³/

/hak̚⁴⁻³² hu⁴¹/

(～里) an urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei City, Taiwan

(～社區) Xuefu (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


新生

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sin³³ sŋ̍³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sin³³ sŋ̍³³/

(～村) Xinsheng (a village in Sandouping, Yiling district, Yichang, Hubei, China)


園藝

/jyːn²¹ ŋɐi̯²²/

/uan²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡe³³/

/uan²⁴⁻²² ɡe²²/

/uan¹³⁻²² ɡe²²/

/uan²⁴⁻²² ɡe⁴¹/

/uan²³⁻³³ ɡe³³/

/hŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ɡe⁴¹/

/hŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡe³³/

/hŋ̍²³⁻³³ ɡe³³/

/hŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ɡe²²/

/huĩ¹³⁻²² ɡe²²/

/hŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡoi¹¹/

/jyːn²¹ ŋɐi̯²²/

/uan²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡe³³/

/uan²⁴⁻²² ɡe²²/

/uan¹³⁻²² ɡe²²/

/uan²⁴⁻²² ɡe⁴¹/

/uan²³⁻³³ ɡe³³/

/hŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ɡe⁴¹/

/hŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡe³³/

/hŋ̍²³⁻³³ ɡe³³/

/hŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ɡe²²/

/huĩ¹³⁻²² ɡe²²/

/hŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡoi¹¹/

(～村) Yuanyi (a village in Sandouping, Yiling district, Yichang, Hubei, China)


公益

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ jɪk̚⁵/

/kɔŋ³³ iak̚⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ iak̚⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪk̚³²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɪk̚³²/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ iaʔ²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ jɪk̚⁵/

/kɔŋ³³ iak̚⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ iak̚⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪk̚³²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɪk̚³²/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ iaʔ²/

(～村) Gongyi (a village in Yonglong, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


西湖

→ English: West Lake (calque)

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²³/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²³/

; “West Lake (in Hangzhou)”
; “Xihu District, Hangzhou”

(～社區) Xihu (a residential community in Zhicheng, Yidu, Yichang, Hubei, China)

(～村) Sihu, Xihu (a rural village in Cimei, Penghu County, Taiwan)


二里頭

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

(～村) Erlitou (a village in Yanshi district, Luoyang, Henan, China), site of the Erlitou culture, sometimes identified with the Xia dynasty


二里崗

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～村) Erligang (a village in Henan, China), site of the Bronze-Age Erligang culture


半坡

/pän⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/pän⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

(～村) Banpo (a village in Shaanxi, China), site of the Banpo culture or the Banpo phase (c. 7th millennium BC) of the Yangshao culture


橋頭

desc

→ English: Chiaotou, Ch'iao-t'ou, Ciaotou, Qiaotou

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio¹³⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/kio²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/kiɤ²³⁻³³ tʰau²³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio¹³⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/kio²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/kiɤ²³⁻³³ tʰau²³/

(～村) Qiaotou (a village in Futian, Wushan, Chongqing, China)


曲尺

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sʰɛːk̚³/

/t͡ɕʰyəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ t͡sʰəʔ²/

/kʰy²⁴ t͡sʰiɔ²⁴/

/kʰuoʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒuɔʔ²⁴/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰioʔ⁵/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɤʔ³²/

/kʰøk̚³³ t͡sʰɪk̚³³/

/t͡ɕʰioʔ³³ t͡sʰaʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁴⁴ t͡sʰɑʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³ t͡sʰz̩¹³/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sʰɛːk̚³/

/t͡ɕʰyəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ t͡sʰəʔ²/

/kʰy²⁴ t͡sʰiɔ²⁴/

/kʰuoʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒuɔʔ²⁴/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰioʔ⁵/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɤʔ³²/

/kʰøk̚³³ t͡sʰɪk̚³³/

/t͡ɕʰioʔ³³ t͡sʰaʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁴⁴ t͡sʰɑʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³ t͡sʰz̩¹³/

(～村) Quchi (a village in Quchi, Wushan, Chongqing, China)


拱橋

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/kʊŋ³⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/ki̯uŋ³¹ kʰi̯eu̯¹¹/

/kiuŋ²⁴⁻³³ kʰiau⁵⁵/

/kiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kio²⁴/

/kiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kio²⁴/

/kiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kio¹³/

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/kʊŋ³⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/ki̯uŋ³¹ kʰi̯eu̯¹¹/

/kiuŋ²⁴⁻³³ kʰiau⁵⁵/

/kiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kio²⁴/

/kiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kio²⁴/

/kiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kio¹³/

(～村) Gongqiao (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


聯誼

/li̯ɛn³⁵ i⁵¹/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ i³⁵/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ ɡi³³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡi³³/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ i⁵¹/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ i³⁵/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ ɡi³³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡi³³/

(～村) Lianyi (a village in Zhashan, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


大竹

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʊk̚⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʊk̚⁵/

(～村) Dazhu (a village in Xinshi, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


涼水

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lœːŋ²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵³/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/liaŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sui⁵³/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/liaŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sui⁴¹/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lœːŋ²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵³/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/liaŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sui⁵³/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/liaŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sui⁴¹/

(～村) Liangshui (a village in Wudian, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


馬鞍

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/ma²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ uã⁴⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uã⁴⁴/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ uã³³/

/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uã⁴⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/ma²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ uã⁴⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uã⁴⁴/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ uã³³/

/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uã⁴⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

(～村) Ma'an (a village in Wanquan, Honghu, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


城南

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ nän³⁵/

(～村) Chengnan (a village in Tancheng, Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


高村

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

(～村) Gaocun (a village in Gaocun, Wuqing district, Tianjin, China)


北山

→ English: Beishan

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～村) Kitayama (a village in Higashimuro district, Wakayama Prefecture, Kansai, Japan)

(～村) Beishan (a village in Bo'ao, Qionghai, Hainan, China)

(～村) (historical) Beishan (a village in Lingshanwei, Huangdao district, Qingdao, Shandong, China)

(～村) Beishan (a village in Guoxing, Nantou County, Taiwan)


大倉

/tä⁵¹ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～村) Dacang (a rural village in Baisha, Penghu County, Taiwan)


紅花

/xʊŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² hue³³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/

/aŋ¹³⁻²² hua⁴⁴/

/ɦoŋ²² ho⁴⁴/

/ɦoŋ²² ho³³/

/xʊŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² hue³³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/

/aŋ¹³⁻²² hua⁴⁴/

/ɦoŋ²² ho⁴⁴/

/ɦoŋ²² ho³³/

(～村) Honghua (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


煙臺

→ English: Yantai, Yen-tai, Yen-t'ai

/jɛn⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/jiːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/ian⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰoɪ¹¹/

/ieŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nai⁵³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tai²⁴/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tai¹³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tai²⁴/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tai²³/

/iŋ³³⁻²³ tʰai⁵⁵/

/jɛn⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/jiːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/ian⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰoɪ¹¹/

/ieŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nai⁵³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tai²⁴/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tai¹³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tai²⁴/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tai²³/

/iŋ³³⁻²³ tʰai⁵⁵/

(～村) Yantai (a village in the township of Haidao, Xiapu County, in the prefecture-level city of Ningde, Fujian, China)


星光

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (星光):
* → Korean: 성광(星光) (seonggwang)

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sen²⁴⁻¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ kuaŋ³³/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sen²⁴⁻¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ kuaŋ³³/

(～村) Xingguang (a village in Chengbei, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～村) Xingguang (a village in Zhashan, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


吉祥

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕiəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ ɕiɒ̃¹¹/

/kɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ ɬyɒŋ¹³/

/kɛʔ²⁻⁴ ɬyøŋ²⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ siɔŋ²³/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ siaŋ¹³/

/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ ʑiã⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕiəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ ɕiɒ̃¹¹/

/kɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ ɬyɒŋ¹³/

/kɛʔ²⁻⁴ ɬyøŋ²⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ siɔŋ²³/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ siaŋ¹³/

/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ ʑiã⁴⁴/

(～里) an urban village in Songshan district, Taipei, Taiwan


國子監

Sino-Xenic (國子監):
* → Vietnamese: Quốc Tử Giám (國子監)

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄗˇ ㄐㄧㄢˋ

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄗˇ ㄐㄧㄢˋ

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ t͡siː³⁵ kaːm³³/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ t͡siː³⁵ kaːm³³/

(～社區) Guozijian (a residential community in Andingmen, Dongcheng district, Beijing, China)


柏原

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 柏原 (Kashiwara).

obor

(～村) Baiyuan (a village in Dongsong, Luoning, Luoyang, Henan, China)


古山

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～村) Gushan (a village in Shijing, Nan'an, Quanzhou, Fujian, China)


南昌

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/nam¹¹ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰyɒŋ⁵³³/

/naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔŋ³³/

/lam²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴/

/nam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiaŋ³³/

/nø²² t͡sʰɑ̃⁴⁴/

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/nam¹¹ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰyɒŋ⁵³³/

/naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔŋ³³/

/lam²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴/

/nam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiaŋ³³/

/nø²² t͡sʰɑ̃⁴⁴/

Attested in the Book of Han as the name of a county and the seat of Yuzhang Commandery (豫章郡, a commandery in present-day Jiangxi) since no later than 2 CE.

(～村) Nanchang (a village in Wanquan, Honghu, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


萬里

/wän⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ban²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/

/ban³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/

/wän⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ban²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/

/ban³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/

From the idiomatic sense of 萬／万 (wàn) as any uncountable or unimaginably large number.

(～里) an urban village in Wanli district, New Taipei City, Taiwan


泰安

→ English: T'ai-an, Tai'an

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ an³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ an⁴⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ an³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ an⁴⁴/

(～村) Tai'an (a village in Beiwan, Jingyuan, Baiyin, Gansu, China)


營口

→ English: Ying-k'ou, Yingkou, Yingkow

/iŋ³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɪŋ²¹ hɐu̯³⁵/

/iŋ³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɪŋ²¹ hɐu̯³⁵/

(～村) Yingkou (a village in Dongjin, Xiangzhou district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


青天

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ tʰiɛn³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ tʰĩ³³/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ tʰiɛn³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ tʰĩ³³/

(～村) Qingtian (a village in Muyu, Shennongjia, Hubei, China)


油車

/joʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/iu²³⁻³³ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/iu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/iu¹³⁻²² t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/iu²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/joʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/iu²³⁻³³ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/iu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/iu¹³⁻²² t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/iu²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

(～里) an urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei City, Taiwan


羅盤

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pʰän³⁵/

/lɔː²¹ pʰuːn²¹/

/lo²⁴⁻²² puã²⁴/

/lo²⁴⁻²² puã²⁴/

/lo¹³⁻²² puã¹³/

/lo²⁴⁻¹¹ puã²⁴/

/lɤ²³⁻³³ puã²³/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pʰän³⁵/

/lɔː²¹ pʰuːn²¹/

/lo²⁴⁻²² puã²⁴/

/lo²⁴⁻²² puã²⁴/

/lo¹³⁻²² puã¹³/

/lo²⁴⁻¹¹ puã²⁴/

/lɤ²³⁻³³ puã²³/

(～村) Luopan (a village in Nanri, Xiuyu district, Putian, Fujian, China)


萬福

/ʋan⁵³⁻⁵⁵ fʊk̚¹/

/ban²²⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² hɔk̚⁵/

/ban²²⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ hɔk̚³²/

/ban³³⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

/ʋan⁵³⁻⁵⁵ fʊk̚¹/

/ban²²⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² hɔk̚⁵/

/ban²²⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ hɔk̚³²/

/ban³³⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

(～里) an urban village in Nangang district, Taipei, Taiwan


興隆

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/

/heŋ³³⁻²³ loŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ loŋ²¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/

/heŋ³³⁻²³ loŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ loŋ²¹/

(～村) Xinglong (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


玉田

/y⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/jʊk̚² tʰiːn²¹/

/y⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/jʊk̚² tʰiːn²¹/

(～村) Yutian (a rural village in Jiaoxi, Yilan County, Taiwan)


木魚

/mu⁵¹ yə̯ɻ³⁵/

/mʊk̚² jyː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ᵐbɵk̚³² ᵑɡui²²/

/muk̚² ŋ̍¹¹/

/bɔk̚⁵⁻² hi²⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² hi²³/

/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hi¹³/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² hi²⁴/

/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² hɯ²⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² hu²⁴/

/moʔ¹¹ ɦy²³/

/mu⁵¹ yə̯ɻ³⁵/

/mʊk̚² jyː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ᵐbɵk̚³² ᵑɡui²²/

/muk̚² ŋ̍¹¹/

/bɔk̚⁵⁻² hi²⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² hi²³/

/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hi¹³/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² hi²⁴/

/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² hɯ²⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² hu²⁴/

/moʔ¹¹ ɦy²³/

(～村) Muyu (a village in Muyu, Shennongjia, Hubei, China)


自強

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡siː²² kʰœːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ kʰi̯oŋ¹¹/

/t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾yoŋ⁵³/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² kiɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ kiɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ kiaŋ¹³/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡siː²² kʰœːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ kʰi̯oŋ¹¹/

/t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾yoŋ⁵³/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² kiɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ kiɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ kiaŋ¹³/


湖西

→ English: Huhsi, Husi, Huxi

/wuː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² sai⁴⁴/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² sai³³/

/ɔ¹³⁻²² sai⁴⁴/

/ɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sai⁴⁴/

/ɔ²³⁻³³ sai⁴⁴/

/wuː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² sai⁴⁴/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² sai³³/

/ɔ¹³⁻²² sai⁴⁴/

/ɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sai⁴⁴/

/ɔ²³⁻³³ sai⁴⁴/

(～村) Huxi (a rural village in Huxi, Penghu County, Taiwan)


蕃薯

/fän⁵⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fän⁵⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

For pronunciation and definitions of 蕃薯 – see 番薯 (“sweet potato; the hell; etc.”).
(This term is a variant form of 番薯).

zh-see

(～里) Fanshu (an urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei City, Taiwan)


冷水

/lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laːŋ¹³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/laŋ²¹³⁻²⁴ sui²¹³/

/laŋ⁵³ ʃui²⁴/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

/liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

/liɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sui⁴¹/

/lã²² sz̩⁴⁴/

/lã²² sz̩ʷ³³/

/lən⁴¹ ɕy̯e̞i̯⁴¹/

/le̞n³³ ɕy³³/

/lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laːŋ¹³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/laŋ²¹³⁻²⁴ sui²¹³/

/laŋ⁵³ ʃui²⁴/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

/liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

/liɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sui⁴¹/

/lã²² sz̩⁴⁴/

/lã²² sz̩ʷ³³/

/lən⁴¹ ɕy̯e̞i̯⁴¹/

/le̞n³³ ɕy³³/

(～社區) Lengshui (a residential community in Lengshui, Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


溫水

/wən⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐn⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/wən⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐn⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

(～村) Wenshui (a village in Hongping, Shennongjia, Hubei, China)


聖廟

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sɪŋ³³ miːu̯²²/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ bio²²/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bio⁴¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ bio²²/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ bio³³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ biɤ³³/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sɪŋ³³ miːu̯²²/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ bio²²/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bio⁴¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ bio²²/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ bio³³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ biɤ³³/

(～村) Shengmiao (a village in Wudian, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


柏孜克里克

ㄅㄛˊ ㄗ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄅㄛˊ ㄗ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄎㄜˋ

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Uyghur بېزەكلىك (bëzeklik, “Bezeklik; decorated, adorned; decoration, adornment”), from بېزەك (bëzek, “decoration, ornament, adornment”) + ـلىك (-lik, “nominalisation suffix”).

bor

Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves
w:Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves

Bezeklik (village in Turpan where the Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves are)


中南

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lam¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lam¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²³/


看守

/kʰän⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːn⁵⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/kʰuã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siu⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰuã²¹⁻⁵³ siu⁵³/

/kʰan²¹⁻⁴¹ siu⁴¹/

/kʰan¹¹⁻⁵³ siu⁵³/

/kʰän⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːn⁵⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/kʰuã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siu⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰuã²¹⁻⁵³ siu⁵³/

/kʰan²¹⁻⁴¹ siu⁴¹/

/kʰan¹¹⁻⁵³ siu⁵³/

(～社區) Kanshou (a residential community in Tancheng, Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


草場

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰou̯³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰo³¹ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰou̯³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰo³¹ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/

(～社區) Caochang (a community in Wulipu, Shayang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


白雲

/paɪ̯³⁵ yn³⁵/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hun¹³/

/peʔ⁴⁻² huŋ⁵⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ yn³⁵/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hun¹³/

/peʔ⁴⁻² huŋ⁵⁵/

(～村) Baiyun (a rural village in Jiaoxi, Yilan County, Taiwan)


南嶺

desc

→ English: Nan Mountains (partial calque)

/nän³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lam²⁴⁻²² niã⁵³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² niã⁵⁵⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² niã⁵³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ niã⁵³/

/lam²³⁻³³ niã⁴¹/

/nän³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lam²⁴⁻²² niã⁵³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² niã⁵⁵⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² niã⁵³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ niã⁵³/

/lam²³⁻³³ niã⁴¹/

(～村) Nanling (a village in Wanquan, Honghu, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


工農

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ nʊŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ nʊŋ²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ nʊŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ nʊŋ²¹/

(～社區) Gongnong (a community in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


萬全

/wän⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/wän⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

(～社區) Wanquan (a community in Wanquan, Honghu, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)

(～村) Wanquan (a village in Wanquan, Honghu, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


理智

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɨ⁵⁵/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ti²¹/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ti⁴¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ti²¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ti¹¹/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ti²¹/

/li⁵²⁻³⁵ ti²¹³/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɨ⁵⁵/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ti²¹/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ti⁴¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ti²¹/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ti¹¹/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ti²¹/

/li⁵²⁻³⁵ ti²¹³/

(～村) Lizhi (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


中和

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ wɔː²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ho²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ hɔ²⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ wɔː²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ho²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ hɔ²⁴/

(～里) an urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei City, Taiwan

(～村) Jhonghe, Zhonghe (a rural village in Cimei, Penghu County, Taiwan)


天橋

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiau²¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɤ²³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kio²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kio¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kio²⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² kio²⁴/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ kio⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiau²¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɤ²³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kio²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kio¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kio²⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² kio²⁴/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ kio⁵⁵/

(～村) Tianqiao (a village in Sandouping, Yiling district, Yichang, Hubei, China)


鎮海

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～村) Jhenhai, Zhenhai (a rural village in Baisha, Penghu County, Taiwan)


顯靈

/ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵/

/hiːn³⁵ lɪŋ²¹/

/hiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ¹³/

/hiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²³/

/ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵/

/hiːn³⁵ lɪŋ²¹/

/hiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ¹³/

/hiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²³/

(～村) Xianling (a village in Wulipu, Shayang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


向陽

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/ɕiaŋ²¹³ iaŋ²¹/

/hœːŋ³³ jœːŋ²¹/

/ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵ iɒ̃¹¹/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ²³/

/hiɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/hiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/hiaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ iaŋ¹³/

/hiaŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ iaŋ²³/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/ɕiaŋ²¹³ iaŋ²¹/

/hœːŋ³³ jœːŋ²¹/

/ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵ iɒ̃¹¹/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ²³/

/hiɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/hiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/hiaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ iaŋ¹³/

/hiaŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ iaŋ²³/

(～村) Xiangyang (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


伯明翰

ㄅㄛˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄢˋ

ㄅㄛˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄢˋ

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ miŋ³⁵ xän⁵¹/

/paːk̚³ mɪŋ²¹ hɔːn²²/

/paʔ³³ min⁵⁵ ɦø²¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ miŋ³⁵ xän⁵¹/

/paːk̚³ mɪŋ²¹ hɔːn²²/

/paʔ³³ min⁵⁵ ɦø²¹/

Birmingham (A community in the Rural Municipality of Stanley No. 215, Saskatchewan, Canada)


文集

/wən³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ t͡saːp̚²⁻³⁵/

/bun²⁴⁻²² t͡sip̚²⁴/

/bun¹³⁻²² t͡sip̚¹²¹/

/wən³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ t͡saːp̚²⁻³⁵/

/bun²⁴⁻²² t͡sip̚²⁴/

/bun¹³⁻²² t͡sip̚¹²¹/

(～社區) Wenji (a residential community in Wenji, Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)

(～村) Wenji (a village in Wenji, Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


湯頭

/tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/tʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/tʰŋ̍³³ tʰau²⁴/

/tʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/tʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴/

/tʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³/

/tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/tʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/tʰŋ̍³³ tʰau²⁴/

/tʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/tʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴/

/tʰŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³/

(～村) Tangtou (a village in Gangwei, Longhai, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)


富錦

/fu⁵¹ t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fuː³³ kɐm³⁵/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ kim⁵³/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kim⁵⁵⁴/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ kim⁵³/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ kim⁵³/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ kim⁴¹/

/fu⁵¹ t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fuː³³ kɐm³⁵/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ kim⁵³/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kim⁵⁵⁴/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ kim⁵³/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ kim⁵³/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ kim⁴¹/

(～里) an urban village in Songshan district, Taipei, Taiwan


熱火

/ʐɤ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʐɤ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ¹/

/jiːt̚² fɔː³⁵/

/t͡sɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ hɒ⁴⁵³/

/t͡sɛʔ⁴⁻² hɒ³³²/

/liɛt̚²⁴⁻² hə⁵⁵⁴/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² hue⁵³/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² he⁵³/

/ziɛt̚⁴⁻³² hue⁴¹/

/d͡ziɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hue⁵³/

/ʐɤ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʐɤ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ¹/

/jiːt̚² fɔː³⁵/

/t͡sɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ hɒ⁴⁵³/

/t͡sɛʔ⁴⁻² hɒ³³²/

/liɛt̚²⁴⁻² hə⁵⁵⁴/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² hue⁵³/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² he⁵³/

/ziɛt̚⁴⁻³² hue⁴¹/

/d͡ziɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hue⁵³/

/ʐɤ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʐɤ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiːt̚² fɔː³⁵/

/liɛt̚²⁴⁻² hə⁵⁵⁴/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² hue⁵³/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² he⁵³/

/ziɛt̚⁴⁻³² hue⁴¹/

/d͡ziɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hue⁵³/

(～村) Rehuo (a village in Chengbei, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


赤崁

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰän⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ kʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ hɐm³³/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰam²¹/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰam²¹/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰam¹¹/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰam²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰän⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ kʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ hɐm³³/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰam²¹/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰam²¹/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰam¹¹/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰam²¹/

(～村) Chihkan, Chikan (a rural village in Baisha, Penghu County, Taiwan)


河底

/xɤ³⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː²¹ tɐi̯³⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻²² te⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻²² tue⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻²² te⁵⁵⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² tue⁵⁵⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² te⁵³/

/ho¹³⁻²² tue⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ te⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ tue⁵³/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ te⁴¹/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ tue⁴¹/

/xɤ³⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː²¹ tɐi̯³⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻²² te⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻²² tue⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻²² te⁵⁵⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² tue⁵⁵⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² te⁵³/

/ho¹³⁻²² tue⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ te⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ tue⁵³/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ te⁴¹/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ tue⁴¹/

(～村) Hedi (a village in Hedi, Luoning, Luoyang, Henan, China)


松柏

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ pʰaːk̚³/

/ɬœŋ¹³⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾ma¹¹/

/ɬyøŋ²⁴⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾ma²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² peʔ⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ peʔ³²/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ²³⁻³³ peʔ³²/

/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ peʔ²/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ pʰaːk̚³/

/ɬœŋ¹³⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾ma¹¹/

/ɬyøŋ²⁴⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾ma²¹/

/t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² peʔ⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ peʔ³²/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ²³⁻³³ peʔ³²/

/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ peʔ²/

(～村) Songbai (a village in Songbai, Shennongjia, Hubei, China)


富泰

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/fu⁵¹ tʰaɪ̯¹/

/fuː³³ tʰaːi̯³³/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰai⁴¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰai¹¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰai²¹/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/fu⁵¹ tʰaɪ̯¹/

/fuː³³ tʰaːi̯³³/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰai⁴¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰai¹¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰai²¹/


合力

/hɐp̚² lɪk̚²/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ liɪk̚¹²¹/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² liɪk̚⁴/

/hɐp̚² lɪk̚²/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ liɪk̚¹²¹/

/hap̚⁴⁻³² liɪk̚⁴/

(～村) Heli (a village in Dongjin, Xiangzhou district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～村) Heli (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


樓蘭

/loʊ̯³⁵ län³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ laːn²¹/

/loʊ̯³⁵ län³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ laːn²¹/

From a name in the native language of the kingdom, possibly of the shape *Kro-ran. Compare Modern Uyghur كروران (kroran, “Loulan”), Russian Крорайна (Krorajna).
First attested in the Records of the Grand Historian.

(～社區) Loulan (a residential community in Ruoqiang, Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


河溝

/xɤ³⁵ koʊ̯⁵⁵/

/hɔː²¹ kʰɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻²² kau³³/

/ho¹³⁻²² kau⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² kau⁴⁴/

/xɤ³⁵ koʊ̯⁵⁵/

/hɔː²¹ kʰɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻²² kau³³/

/ho¹³⁻²² kau⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² kau⁴⁴/

(～村) Hegou (a village in Dongsong, Luoning, Luoyang, Henan, China)


德陽

/tɤ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/tɤ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

(～村) Deyang (a rural village in Jiaoxi, Yilan County, Taiwan)


長灘

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tʰän⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tʰän⁵⁵/

(～社區) Changtan (a residential community in Changtan, Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


九里

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐu̯³⁵ lei̯¹³/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐu̯³⁵ lei̯¹³/

(～村) Jiuli (a village in Maoping, Zigui, Yichang, Hubei, China)


高車

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

(～村) Gaoche (a village in Gaoche, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)


沙田

→ English: Sha Tin

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰan²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰan¹³/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰan²³/

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰan²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰan¹³/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/sua⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰan²³/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn²⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn¹³/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²³/

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn²⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² tiɛn¹³/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɛn²³/

(～村) Shatian (a village in Rong County, Guangxi, China)


石門

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ mən³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² muːn²¹/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ mŋ̍¹³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ mŋ̍²³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ mən³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² muːn²¹/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ mŋ̍¹³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ mŋ̍²³/

(～里) Shimen (an urban village in Shimen district, New Taipei City, Taiwan)


中大

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ taːi̯²²/

/t͡sɵŋ³³ ai³²/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ taːi̯²²/

/t͡sɵŋ³³ ai³²/

; “Zhongda, Xingang, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China”
; “Zhongda, Manchun, Jianghan District, Wuhan, Hubei, China”

(～社區) Zhongda (a residential community in Xingang, Haizhu district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, where the South Campus of the Sun Yat-sen University is located)

(～社區) Zhongda (a residential community in Manchun, Jianghan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


三元

/sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～村) Sanyuan (a village in Huilong, Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


白馬

/paɪ̯³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² be⁵⁵⁴/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ bɛ⁵³/

/paɪ̯³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² be⁵⁵⁴/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ bɛ⁵³/

(～村) Baima (a village in Chengbei, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


重陽

Japanese: 重陽 (Chōyō)

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² iaŋ¹³/

/tiaŋ²³⁻³³ iaŋ²³/

/zoŋ²² hiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ¹³ i̯æn¹³/

/t͡sən¹³ i̯æn¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² iaŋ¹³/

/tiaŋ²³⁻³³ iaŋ²³/

/zoŋ²² hiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɪʔ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ¹³ i̯æn¹³/

/t͡sən¹³ i̯æn¹³/

(～里) an urban village in Nangang district, Taipei, Taiwan


五四

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ sei̯³³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ sei̯³³/

(～村) Wusi (a village in Xinshi, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


東河

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ho²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ho²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ²³/

(～村) Donghe (a village in Wudian, Guangshui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)


高嶺

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

For the fourth sense, borrowed from Malay Kodiang, from Thai เขาแดง (kǎo-dɛɛng, literally “Red Mount”).

der

(～村) Gaoling (a village in Xinshi, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


里士滿

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ män²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ män²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Richmond (a town and locality in the Shire of Richmond, Queensland)

Shire of Richmond
Shire of Richmond#English

Richmond (a village in McHenry County, Illinois)

Richmond (a village in Madison Parish, Louisiana)

Richmond (a village in Jefferson County, Ohio)

Jefferson County
Jefferson County#English


新庄

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

For pronunciation and definitions of 新庄 – see 新莊.
(This term is the simplified form of 新莊).
 Notes:
Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.
Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

zh-see

an urban village in Sanzhi district, New Taipei City, Taiwan


北本

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


新城

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/

(～社區) Xincheng (a residential community in Ruoqiang, Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


大東

/tä⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

; "Daitō"
Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大東 (Daitō).

obor

(～村) Dadong (a village in Zhashan, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


鴻福

/xʊŋ³⁵ fu³⁵/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔk̚³²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔk̚⁵/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔk̚³²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔk̚³²/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔk̚³²/

/xʊŋ³⁵ fu³⁵/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔk̚³²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔk̚⁵/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔk̚³²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔk̚³²/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔk̚³²/

For pronunciation and definitions of 鴻福 – see 洪福 (“great blessing; good fortune”).
(This term is a variant form of 洪福).


美斯樂

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/mei̯¹³ siː⁵⁵ lɔːk̚²/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/mei̯¹³ siː⁵⁵ lɔːk̚²/

Phono-semantic matching of Thai แม่สลอง.

Mae Salong, Santikhiri (a village in Mae Fa Luang district, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand)


沿江

/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

As a Zhejiang village and port area, in reference to its position on the south bank of the Ao (鰲江/鳌江).

(～村) Yanjiang (a village in Zhicheng, Yidu, Yichang, Hubei, China)


民大

(～社區) Minda (a residential community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


地大

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹/

(～社區) Dida (a residential community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


北投

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

Borrowed from Basay ki-pataw (“witch”), via Hokkien.

(～里) an urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei City, Taiwan


中正

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡saŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡saŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

(～里) an urban village in Songshan district, Taipei, Taiwan


玉成

/y⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jʊk̚² sɪŋ²¹/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚²⁴⁻² siɪŋ²⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ siɪŋ¹³/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²³/

/y⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jʊk̚² sɪŋ²¹/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚²⁴⁻² siɪŋ²⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ siɪŋ¹³/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² siɪŋ²³/

From the essay “Ximing” (《西銘》) by Zhang Zai.

an urban village in Nangang district, Taipei, Taiwan


滿天星

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/muːn¹³ tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/buan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰiɛn³³ siɪŋ³³/

/buan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/buan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/buan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/muã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/muã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰĩ³³ t͡sʰĩ³³/

/muã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/muã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/muã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/muːn¹³ tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/buan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰiɛn³³ siɪŋ³³/

/buan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/buan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/buan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/muã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/muã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰĩ³³ t͡sʰĩ³³/

/muã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/muã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/muã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

(～村) Mantianxing (a village in Yonglong, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


長庚

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ kɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ kɐŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ kɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ kɐŋ⁵⁵/


雅克薩

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sä⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sä⁵¹/

(historical) Yagsi, Albazin (a village in Skovorodinsky district, Amur Oblast, Russia; the first Russian settlement on the Amur River)


吉貝

/t͡ɕi³⁵ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/kɐt̚⁵ puːi̯³³/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/kɐt̚⁵ puːi̯³³/

(～村) Jibei (a rural village in Baisha, Penghu County, Taiwan)


土坑

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤŋ⁵⁵/

(～村) Tukeng (a village in Mawan, Tianmen, Hubei, China)


伯靈頓

ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ liŋ³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/paːk̚³ lɪŋ²¹ tɵn²²/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ liŋ³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/paːk̚³ lɪŋ²¹ tɵn²²/

Burlington (a village in Kane County, Illinois)

Burlington (a village in Calhoun County, Michigan)


樹頭

/ʂu⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/syː²² tʰɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰiu³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³/

/t͡sʰiu²²⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/ʂu⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/syː²² tʰɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰiu³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³/

/t͡sʰiu²²⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

(～村) Shutou (a village in Wudian, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


驪靬

/li³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/li³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/li³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/li³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Disputed. Compare 犁靬 (Líjiān, “name of an ancient state”).

(～村) Liqian (a village in Jiaojiazhuang, Yongchang, Jinchang, Gansu, China)


武警

/u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mou̯¹³ kɪŋ³⁵/

/pu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kiŋ⁴²/

/pu³³²⁻²¹ kiŋ⁴²/

/bu⁵²⁻³⁵ keŋ³⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mou̯¹³ kɪŋ³⁵/

/pu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kiŋ⁴²/

/pu³³²⁻²¹ kiŋ⁴²/

/bu⁵²⁻³⁵ keŋ³⁵/

(～社區) Wujing (a residential community in Tancheng, Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


海豐

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ³³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hai⁵²⁻³⁵ hoŋ³³/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ³³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hai⁵²⁻³⁵ hoŋ³³/

(～社區) Haifeng (a residential community in Huangqi, Lianjiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)

(～村) Haifong, Haifeng (a rural village in Cimei, Penghu County, Taiwan)


沙洋

/ʂä⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

(～村) Shayang (a village in Nanri, Xiuyu district, Putian, Fujian, China)


安平

/ˀän⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/an³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

/ˀän⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/an³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/


劉集

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ t͡saːp̚²/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ t͡saːp̚²/

(～村) Liuji (a village in Wulipu, Shayang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)

(～村) Liuji (a village in Zhucheng, Xinzhou district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

(～社區) Liuji (a community in Zhucheng, Xinzhou district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


煙店

/jɛn⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/jɛn⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

(～村) Yandian (a village in Yandian, Anlu, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


蔡甸

→ English: Caidian

/t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ tiːn²²/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tiɛn²²/

/t͡sʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tiɛn⁴¹/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tiɛn²²/

/t͡sʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ tiɛn³³/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ tiɛn³³/

/t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ tiːn²²/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tiɛn²²/

/t͡sʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tiɛn⁴¹/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tiɛn²²/

/t͡sʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ tiɛn³³/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ tiɛn³³/

(～村) Caidian (a village in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


奓山

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～社區) Zhashan (a residential community in Zhashan, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

(～村) Zhashan (a village in Zhashan, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


張灣

→ English: Zhangwan

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/

(～村) Zhangwan (a village in Mawan, Tianmen, Hubei, China)


孛畈

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ fän⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ fän⁵¹/

(～社區) Bofan (a residential community in Bofan, Anlu, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～村) Bofan (a village in Bofan, Anlu, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


橫山

/xɤŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/huãi²⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/huãi²⁴⁻²² suã³³/

/huãi¹³⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/huãi²⁴⁻¹¹ suã⁴⁴/

/huãi²³⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/xɤŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/huãi²⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/huãi²⁴⁻²² suã³³/

/huãi¹³⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/huãi²⁴⁻¹¹ suã⁴⁴/

/huãi²³⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

(～里) Hengshan (an urban village in Sanzhi district, New Taipei City, Taiwan)

(～村) Hengshan (a village in Bofan, Anlu, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


回龍

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

(～村) Huilong (a village in Huilong, Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～村) Huilong (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


新河

/ɕin⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

(～社區) Xinhe (a community in Chengzhong, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


魯臺

/lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

(～村) Lutai (a village in Huilong, Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～村) Lutai (a village in Sanhe, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


杜廟

/tu⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tu⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(～村) Dumiao (a village in Huilong, Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


池口

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～村) Chikou (a village in Huilong, Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


茶棚

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ pʰɤŋ³⁵/

/te²⁴⁻²² pĩ²⁴/

/te²⁴⁻²² pĩ²⁴/

/te¹³⁻²² pĩ¹³/

/te²⁴⁻¹¹ pĩ²⁴/

/te²³⁻³³ pĩ²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ pʰɤŋ³⁵/

/te²⁴⁻²² pĩ²⁴/

/te²⁴⁻²² pĩ²⁴/

/te¹³⁻²² pĩ¹³/

/te²⁴⁻¹¹ pĩ²⁴/

/te²³⁻³³ pĩ²³/

(～村) Chapeng (a village in Huilong, Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～村) Chapeng (a village in Chengbei, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


新橋

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

(～村) Xinqiao (a village in Huilong, Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


金家會

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄏㄨㄟˋ

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄏㄨㄟˋ

Цзиньцзяхуэй

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

(～村) Jinjiahui (a village in Huilong, Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


湯灣

/tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

(～村) Tangwan (a village in Huilong, Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


王垸

/wɑŋ³⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

(～村) Wangyuan (a village in Huilong, Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


玉皇閣

/y⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/y⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ kɤ³⁵/

(～村) Yuhuangge (a village in Huilong, Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


桂花樹

ㄍㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨㄚ ㄕㄨˋ

ㄍㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨㄚ ㄕㄨˋ

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯ä⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯ä⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

(～村) Guihuashu (a village in Huilong, Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


均垸

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

(～村) Junyuan (a village in Huilong, Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


汪陽

/wɑŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/wɑŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

(～村) Wangyang (a village in Huilong, Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


馬城臺

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

(～村) Machengtai (a village in Huilong, Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


皂港

/t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～村) Zaogang (a village in Huilong, Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


陳園

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～村) Chenyuan (a village in Huilong, Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


孫家畈

/su̯ən⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ fän⁵¹/

/su̯ən⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ fän⁵¹/

(～村) Sunjiafan (a village in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


馬家渡

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tu⁵¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tu⁵¹/

(～村) Majiadu (a village in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


永利

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/

(～村) Yongli (a village in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


高廟

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(～村) Gaomiao (a village in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

(～村) Gaomiao (a village in Wangshi, Jianli, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


國利

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹/

(～村) Guoli (a village in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


華利

/xu̯ä³⁵ li⁵¹/

/xu̯ä³⁵ li⁵¹/

(～村) Huali (a village in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


華林

/waː²¹ lɐm²¹/

/waː²¹ lɐm²¹/

(～村) Hualin (a village in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


姚家林

ㄧㄠˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧㄣˊ

ㄧㄠˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧㄣˊ

/jɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lin³⁵/

/jɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lin³⁵/

(～村) Yaojialin (a village in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


西屋臺

/ɕi⁵⁵ u⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ u⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

(～村) Xiwutai (a village in Caidian Subdistrict, Caidian District, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


新廟

/ɕin⁵⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(～村) Xinmiao (a village in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


建新

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵/

(～村) Jianxin (a village in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

(～村) Jianxin (a village in Wangshi, Jianli, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


齊聯

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/

(～村) Qilian (a village in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


茂林

/mɑʊ̯⁵¹ lin³⁵/

/mɐu̯²² lɐm²¹/

/bɔ²²⁻²¹ lim²⁴/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻²² lim²⁴/

/bɔ²²⁻²¹ lim¹³/

/bɔ³³⁻¹¹ lim²⁴/

/bɔ³³⁻²¹ lim²³/

/mɑʊ̯⁵¹ lin³⁵/

/mɐu̯²² lɐm²¹/

/bɔ²²⁻²¹ lim²⁴/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻²² lim²⁴/

/bɔ²²⁻²¹ lim¹³/

/bɔ³³⁻¹¹ lim²⁴/

/bɔ³³⁻²¹ lim²³/

(～鎮) Maolin (a village in Shuangliao, Siping, Jilin, China)

(～里) Maolin (an urban village in Shimen district, New Taipei City, Taiwan)

(～村) Maolin (a village in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


河街

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

(～社區) Hejie (a residential community in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


新福

(～社區) Xinfu (a residential community in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


三義

/sam²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi⁵⁵/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² ɡi²²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² ɡi²²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi³³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi³³/

/sam²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi⁵⁵/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² ɡi²²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² ɡi²²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi³³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡi³³/

(～社區) Sanyi (a community in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


馬號

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(～社區) Mahao (a community in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


躍進橋

ㄩㄝˋ ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄑㄧㄠˊ

ㄩㄝˋ ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄑㄧㄠˊ

/ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

(～社區) Yuejinqiao (a residential community in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


松溪

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sœyŋ³³ kʰa⁵⁴/

/syŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^((kʰ-))ŋɛ⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰue⁴⁴/

/soŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰoi³³/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sœyŋ³³ kʰa⁵⁴/

/syŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^((kʰ-))ŋɛ⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰue⁴⁴/

/soŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰoi³³/

(～村) Songxi (a village in Lihu, Puning, Jieyang, Guangdong, China)


漢樂

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/hɔːn³³ ŋɔːk̚²/

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/hɔːn³³ ŋɔːk̚²/

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

/hɔːn³³ lɔːk̚²/

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

/hɔːn³³ lɔːk̚²/

(～村) Hanle (a village in Caidian, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


海核

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

(～社區) Haihe (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


南望

/nän³⁵ wɑŋ⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ wɑŋ⁵¹/

(～社區) Nanwang (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


郵科院

/joʊ̯³⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/joʊ̯³⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

(～社區) Youkeyuan (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


湖電

(～社區) Hudian (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


汽標

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

(～社區) Qibiao (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


中南財經政法大學南湖

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄋㄢˊ ㄘㄞˊ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄚˇ ㄉㄚˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄋㄢˊ ㄏㄨˊ

Chung¹-nan² Tsʻai²-ching¹ Chêng⁴-fa³ Ta⁴-hsüeh² Nan²-hu²

Jūng-nán Tsái-jīng Jèng-fǎ Dà-sywé Nán-hú

Jongnan Tsairjing Jenqfaa Dahshyue Nanhwu

Чжуннань Цайцзин Чжэнфа Дасюэ Наньху

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ nän³⁵ xu³⁵/

Zhongnan Caijing Zhengfa Daxue Nanhu#English

(～社區) Zhongnan Caijing Zhengfa Daxue Nanhu (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


紫菘

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～社區) Zisong (a residential community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


關山口

Гуаньшанькоу

/ku̯än⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～社區) Guanshankou (a residential community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


紡大

/fɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹/

/fɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹/

(～社區) Fangda (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


汽發

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ fä⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ fä⁵⁵/

(～社區) Qifa (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


關南

/ku̯än⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

(～社區) Guannan (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


逸景華庭

ㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄊㄧㄥˊ

ㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄊㄧㄥˊ

/i⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä³⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/i⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä³⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

(～社區) Yijinghuating (a residential community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


魯磨路

/lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

/lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

(～社區) Lumolu (a residential community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


康居園

/kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～社區) Kangjuyuan (a residential community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


碧水

/pi⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～社區) Bishui (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


葛光

/kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～社區) Geguang (a residential community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


劍橋春天

ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄑㄧㄠˊ ㄔㄨㄣ ㄊㄧㄢ

ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄑㄧㄠˊ ㄔㄨㄣ ㄊㄧㄢ

Цзяньцяо Чуньтянь

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/kiːm³³ kʰiːu̯²¹ t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/kiːm³³ kʰiːu̯²¹ t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

2014, 任智格, 《小区建筑室外舒适度评价模型研究》 [The Research of Residential Building Outdoor Comfort Evaluation Model] (Master's), page I, Wuhan University of Technology

bìng zhēnduì Wǔhàn Shì xiàjì, yǐ Wǔhàn Jiànqiáo Chūntiān jí Jīndì Guójì Huāyuán xiǎoqū wéilì, yànzhèng le běnwén zhōng de píngjià móxíng

並針對武漢市夏季，以武漢劍橋春天及金地國際花園小區為例，驗證了本文中的評價模型

并针对武汉市夏季，以武汉剑桥春天及金地国际花园小区为例，验证了本文中的评价模型

Recently, our district's "career assistance entering the community" job fair was successfully held at the Jianqiao Chuntian community, with 218 people reaching their career goals.

2015 March 23, 屈玮, 我区启动首届社工宣传周, in 《洪山宣传》, page 2

Jìnrì, wǒ qū jiùyè yuánzhù jìn shèqū zhāopìnhuì zài Jiànqiáo Chūntiān shèqū chénggōng jǔbàn, dáchéng jiùyè yìxiàng de yǒu 218 rén.

近日，我區就業援助進社區招聘會在劍橋春天社區成功舉辦，達成就業意向的有218人。

近日，我区就业援助进社区招聘会在剑桥春天社区成功举办，达成就业意向的有218人。

In the afternoon on the 12th, Mr. Zhao, who lives in the Jianqiao Chuntian community, and several friends came to Huazhong University of Science and Technology Optics Valley Gymnasium to play basketball.

2019 November 13, 杨佳峰, 华中科技大学光谷体育馆：周边居民每周来打两次球, in 《长江日报》, page 7

12 rì xiàwǔ, jiā zhù Jiànqiáo Chūntiān xiǎoqū de Zhào xiānshēng hé jǐ wèi qiúyǒu láidào Huázhōng Kējì Dàxué Guānggǔ Tǐyùguǎn dǎ lánqiú.

12日下午，家住劍橋春天小區的趙先生和幾位球友來到華中科技大學光谷體育館打籃球。

12日下午，家住剑桥春天小区的赵先生和几位球友来到华中科技大学光谷体育馆打篮球。

Jianqiao Chuntian
Jianqiao Chuntian#English

(～社區) Jianqiao Chuntian (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


保利

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/

(～社區) Baoli (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


智慧城

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～社區) Zhihuicheng (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


楓林上城

ㄈㄥ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄕㄤˋ ㄔㄥˊ

ㄈㄥ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄕㄤˋ ㄔㄥˊ

Фэнлиньшанчэн

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ lin³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ lin³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～社區) Fenglinshangcheng (a residential community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


華中科技大學

ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄎㄜ ㄐㄧˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄎㄜ ㄐㄧˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

Хуачжункэцзидасюэ

/xu̯ä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

Huazhong Keji Daxue
Huazhong Keji Daxue#English

(～社區) Huazhong Keji Daxue (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


龍安

/lʊŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

(～社區) Long'an (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


東湖

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

(～村) Donghu (a rural village in Cimei, Penghu County, Taiwan)


大山腳

/tä⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tua²²⁻²¹ suã⁴⁴⁻²² kʰa⁴⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² suã³³ kʰa³³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ suã⁴⁴⁻²² kʰa⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ suã⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰa⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ suã⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰa⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tua²²⁻²¹ suã⁴⁴⁻²² kʰa⁴⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² suã³³ kʰa³³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ suã⁴⁴⁻²² kʰa⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ suã⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰa⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ suã⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰa⁴⁴/

the Miao language in Dashanjiao, Anshun, Guizhou

貴州安順大山腳苗話

贵州安顺大山脚苗话

Dashanjiao (a village in Anshun, Guizhou, China)


月園

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～社區) Yueyuan (a community in Chengzhong, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


汪家臺

/wɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/wɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

(～社區) Wangjiatai (a residential community in Chengzhong, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


三眼井

/sän⁵⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sän⁵⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～社區) Sanyanjing (a residential community in Chengzhong, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


古城臺

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

(～社區) Guchengtai (a residential community in Chengzhong, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)