蒙古

Sino-Xenic (蒙古):
* → Japanese: 蒙(もう)古(こ) (Mōko)
* → Okinawan: 蒙古(むーく) (Mūku)
* → Korean: 몽고(蒙古) (Monggo)
* → Vietnamese: Mông Cổ (蒙古)

→ Zhuang: Mungzguj

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/məŋ²⁴ ku²⁴/

/mʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵/

/ᵐbɵŋ²² ku⁵⁵/

/mʊŋ¹¹ ku³¹/

/muŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋu³³/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/bɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/bɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

/moŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kou⁵²/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/məŋ²⁴ ku²⁴/

/mʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵/

/ᵐbɵŋ²² ku⁵⁵/

/mʊŋ¹¹ ku³¹/

/muŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋu³³/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/bɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/bɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

/moŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kou⁵²/

Borrowed from Jurchen [Term?] (/*moŋgu/, “Mongol”) with loss of foreign final -l, from Middle Mongol ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ (mwnkɣwɽ /moŋqol/, “Mongol”).

der

(chiefly historical) Mongolia (a Mongolian-speaking geographic region in East Asia, including the country of Mongolia (Outer Mongolia), the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia in China, and sometimes also Buryatia, Tuva and the Altai Republic in Russia)


華美

→ English: Huamei, E-bue

/xu̯ä³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/e³⁵⁻¹¹ bue⁵²/

/xu̯ä³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/e³⁵⁻¹¹ bue⁵²/

Huamei (a village in Chao'an district, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China, once host to a station on the Swatow-Chaochowfu Railway)


復興

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (復興):
* → Japanese: 復興(ふっこう) (fukkō)
* → Korean: 부흥(復興) (buheung)
* → Vietnamese: phục hưng (復興)

→ English: Fusing, Fuxing

/fu⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/fʊk̚² hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/hɒʔ⁴⁻²¹ hiŋ⁵³³/

/hɒʔ⁴⁻² hiŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚²⁴⁻² hiɪŋ³³/

/hɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/fu⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/fʊk̚² hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/hɒʔ⁴⁻²¹ hiŋ⁵³³/

/hɒʔ⁴⁻² hiŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚²⁴⁻² hiɪŋ³³/

/hɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

(～區) Fuxing (a district of Handan, Hebei, China)

(～街道) Fuxing (a subdistrict of Chengkou, Chongqing, China)


三門峽

desc

→ English: San-men-hsia, Sanmenhsia, Sanmenxia

/sän⁵⁵ mən³⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/saŋ⁵⁵ muoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋieʔ⁵/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² bun²⁴⁻²² kiap̚³²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² bun¹³⁻²² kiap̚³²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ bun²⁴⁻¹¹ kiap̚³²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ bun²³⁻³³ kiap̚³²/

/sän⁵⁵ mən³⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/saŋ⁵⁵ muoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋieʔ⁵/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² bun²⁴⁻²² kiap̚³²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² bun¹³⁻²² kiap̚³²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ bun²⁴⁻¹¹ kiap̚³²/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ bun²³⁻³³ kiap̚³²/

(～市) Sanmenxia (a prefecture-level city of Henan, China)


鶴壁

→ English: Hebi, Ho-pi

/xɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹/

/hɔːk̚² pɪk̚⁵/

/houʔ⁵⁻²¹ piɑʔ²⁴/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² piaʔ³²/

/hɔk̚²⁴⁻² piaʔ⁵/

/hɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ piaʔ³²/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² piaʔ³²/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² piaʔ³²/

/ŋoʔ¹¹ piɪʔ²³/

/xɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹/

/hɔːk̚² pɪk̚⁵/

/houʔ⁵⁻²¹ piɑʔ²⁴/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² piaʔ³²/

/hɔk̚²⁴⁻² piaʔ⁵/

/hɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ piaʔ³²/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² piaʔ³²/

/hɔk̚⁴⁻³² piaʔ³²/

/ŋoʔ¹¹ piɪʔ²³/

(～市) Hebi (a prefecture-level city of Henan, China)


南寧

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (南寧):
* → Japanese: 南寧(なんねい) (Nannei)
* → Korean: 남녕(南寧) (Namnyeong)
* → Vietnamese: Nam Ninh (南寧)

→ English: Nanning, Nan-ning

→ Korean: 난닝 (Nanning)

→ Russian: Наньни́н (Nanʹnín)

→ Zhuang: Namzningz

/nän³⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ nɪŋ²¹/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻³³ nˡiŋ⁵³/

/naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ nɛŋ¹³/

/naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ nɛŋ²⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪŋ²⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

/nam²¹ nəŋ²¹/

/nän³⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ nɪŋ²¹/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻³³ nˡiŋ⁵³/

/naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ nɛŋ¹³/

/naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ nɛŋ²⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪŋ²⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

/nam²¹ nəŋ²¹/

Coined in 1324 when the Yongzhou Circuit (邕州路) was renamed Nanning circuit (南寧路).

(～市) Nanning (a prefecture-level city, the capital of the Guangxi autonomous region, China)


聯合

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (聯合):
* → Japanese: 連合(れんごう) (rengō)
* → Korean: 연합(聯合) (yeonhap), 련합(聯合) (ryeonhap)
* → Vietnamese: liên hiệp (聯合)

/li̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋaʔ⁵/

/lɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ haʔ⁴/

/lɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ haʔ⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ hap̚⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² hap̚⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² hap̚²⁴/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² hap̚¹²¹/

/biɛn¹³⁻²² hap̚¹²¹/

/liaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ haʔ⁴/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋaʔ⁵/

/lɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ haʔ⁴/

/lɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ haʔ⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ hap̚⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² hap̚⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² hap̚²⁴/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² hap̚¹²¹/

/biɛn¹³⁻²² hap̚¹²¹/

/liaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ haʔ⁴/

(～村) Lianhe (a village in Wulipu, Shayang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)

(～村) Lianhe (a village in Zhucheng, Xinzhou district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


奶西

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/naːi̯¹³ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/naːi̯¹³ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

Today around 7:40 am, there was a fire at a flea market in Naixi, Changyang. The smoke permeated through the air above the Jingcheng Expressway. Nine fire squadrons with 46 firetrucks were present to handle the fire, and the fire was extinguished by 9:09 am. There were no casualties.

2017 February 27, 李东, 家具旧货市场起火, in 《法制晚报》

Jīntiān zǎoshàng 7 shí 40 fēn xǔ, Cháoyáng Nǎixī jiùhuò shìchǎng fāshēng huǒzāi, nóngyān yīdù mímàn dào Jīngchéng Gāosù shàngkōng, 9 ge xiāofáng zhōngduì 46 bù xiāofángchē dàochǎng chǔzhì, jiézhì shàngwǔ 9 shí 09 fēn dàhuǒ bèi pūmiè, wú rényuán shāngwáng.

今天早上7時40分許，朝陽奶西舊貨市場發生火災，濃煙一度彌漫到京承高速上空，9個消防中隊46部消防車到場處置，截至上午9時09分大火被撲滅，無人員傷亡。

今天早上7时40分许，朝阳奶西旧货市场发生火灾，浓烟一度弥漫到京承高速上空，9个消防中队46部消防车到场处置，截至上午9时09分大火被扑灭，无人员伤亡。

(～村) Naixi (a village in Cuigezhuang, Chaoyang district, Beijing, China)


指南

to indicate south (i.e. to show direction)

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam¹³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lam²³/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ nam⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/t͡si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam¹³/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lam²³/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ nam⁵⁵/

(～村) Zhinan (a village in Wanquan, Honghu, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


柏林

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵/

(～鎮) Bailin (a town in Zhangwan district, in the prefecture-level city of Shiyan, Hubei, China)


黑山

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ san⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ san⁴⁴/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ san⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ san⁴⁴/

(～縣) Heishan County (a county of Liaoning, China)


運河

/wɐn²² hɔː²¹/

/vun³² hᵘɔ²²/

/uŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋo⁵³/

/ɔŋ¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋɒ¹³/

/uoŋ²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋɒ²⁴/

/un²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴/

/un⁴¹⁻²² ho²⁴/

/un²²⁻²¹ ho¹³/

/un³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/un³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³/

/wɐn²² hɔː²¹/

/vun³² hᵘɔ²²/

/uŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋo⁵³/

/ɔŋ¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋɒ¹³/

/uoŋ²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋɒ²⁴/

/un²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴/

/un⁴¹⁻²² ho²⁴/

/un²²⁻²¹ ho¹³/

/un³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/un³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³/

(～區) Yunhe (a district of Cangzhou, Hebei, China)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Yunhe (a town in Xiangshui, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China, formerly a township)


宜昌

→ English: Yichang, Ichang, I-ch'ang

/i³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jiː²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɡi²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲi²² t͡sʰɑ̃⁴⁴/

/i³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jiː²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɡi²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲi²² t͡sʰɑ̃⁴⁴/

(～市) Yichang (a prefecture-level city of Hubei, China)


汕頭

Sino-Xenic (汕頭):
* → Japanese: 汕頭(せんとう) (Sentō)
* → Korean: 산두(汕頭) (Sandu)
* → Vietnamese: Sán Đầu (汕頭)

→ English: Shantou, Swatow

→ Japanese: 汕頭(スワトウ) (Suwatō)

→ Japanese: 汕頭(シャントウ) (Shantō)

→ Korean: 산터우 (Santeou)

→ Thai: ซัวเถา (suua-tǎo)

/ʂän⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/saːn³³ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/suã²¹⁻⁵³ tʰau²⁴/

/suã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰau²⁴/

/suã²¹⁻⁵³ tʰau¹³/

/suã¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰau²⁴/

/suã²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰau²³/

/sũã³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵/

/ʂän⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/saːn³³ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/suã²¹⁻⁵³ tʰau²⁴/

/suã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰau²⁴/

/suã²¹⁻⁵³ tʰau¹³/

/suã¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰau²⁴/

/suã²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰau²³/

/sũã³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵/

While the modern Teochew pronunciation contains the first syllable in the yinping (陰平／阴平) tone, as attested in Handbook of the Swatow Vernacular [1886] by Lim Hiong Seng, it appears that historically the first syllable of the toponym had the yinqu (陰去／阴去) tone. The pronunciation Suàⁿ-thâu is recorded in A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect [1883] by Adele M. Fielde and English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular Or Spoken Language of Swatow [1883] by William Duffus.
The toponym is a shortening of 沙汕頭／沙汕头. In 1717, a fort, 沙汕頭砲臺, was constructed in the area, which was then under the administration of Chenghai (澄海) county. Both 沙汕頭／沙汕头 and 汕頭 /汕头 are attested in 潮州海防圖說 [c. 18th century] by official Lan Dingyuan (藍鼎元). 沙汕 is cognate with Hokkien 沙線／沙线 (soa-sòaⁿ, “sandbank”).

(～市) Shantou (a prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China)


開封

Sino-Xenic (開封):
* → Japanese: 開(かい)封(ふう) (kaifū)
* → Korean: 개봉(開封) (gaebong)

desc

→ Thai: ไคฟง

→ Thai: ไคฟง

Duke Zhuang of Zheng
Emperor Jing of Han

The city was named in the late 8ᵗʰ century BCE by the Duke Zhuang of Zheng originally as 啓封 /启封 (qǐfēng), literally opening up a new domain. Later in 156 BCE, for the new emperor's name happened to be 啓／启, the character was displaced by its closest synonym 開／开, hence the current name.

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰui³³ hɔŋ³³/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰui³³ hɔŋ³³/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ²/

/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/kʰoɪ⁴⁴ fʊŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai³³ hɔŋ³³/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai³³⁻²³ hoŋ³³/

/kʰe⁵⁵ foŋ²¹/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ²/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/kʰoɪ⁴⁴ fʊŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai³³ hɔŋ³³/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai³³⁻²³ hoŋ³³/

/kʰe⁵⁵ foŋ²¹/


公安

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ an³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ aŋ³³/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ an³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ aŋ³³/

(～縣) Gong'an (a county of Jingzhou, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Gong'an (a town in Zhongshan, Hezhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


內蒙古

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (內蒙古):
* → Japanese: 内(ない)蒙(もう)古(こ) (Naimōko)
* → Korean: 내몽고(內蒙古) (Naemonggo)
* → Vietnamese: Nội Mông Cổ (內蒙古)

→ Zhuang: Neimungzguj

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɔːi̯²² mʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵/

/ⁿdui³² ᵐbɵŋ²² ku⁵⁵/

/nˡɔy²⁴² muŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋu³³/

duei⁵ morng² gou³ [Phonetic:duei⁵ morng² ngou³]

/tuei¹¹ mɒŋ¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔu⁴⁵³/

luei⁵ morng² gou³ [Phonetic:luei⁵ morng² ngou³]

/luei²¹ mɒŋ²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔu³³²/

/lai³³⁻¹¹ bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/lai³³⁻²¹ bɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

/lai²²⁻²¹ bɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/lai²²⁻²¹ bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/lai²² bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/lue²² bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/lai³⁵⁻¹¹ moŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kou⁵²/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɔːi̯²² mʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵/

/ⁿdui³² ᵐbɵŋ²² ku⁵⁵/

/nˡɔy²⁴² muŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋu³³/

/tuei¹¹ mɒŋ¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔu⁴⁵³/

/luei²¹ mɒŋ²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔu³³²/

/lai³³⁻¹¹ bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/lai³³⁻²¹ bɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

/lai²²⁻²¹ bɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/lai²²⁻²¹ bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/lai²² bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/lue²² bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/lai³⁵⁻¹¹ moŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kou⁵²/

～自治區 內蒙古自治區#Chinese

Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia#English:_Q41079

(～自治區) Inner Mongolia (a Mongolian autonomous region of China)


河北

Sino-Xenic (河北):
* → Japanese: 河(か)北(ほく) (Kahoku)
* → Korean: 하북(河北) (Habuk)
* → Vietnamese: Hà Bắc (河北)

→ English: Hebei, Hopeh

/xɤ³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː²¹ pɐk̚⁵/

/o⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɔyʔ²⁴/

/hɒ¹³⁻⁴² paʔ²¹/

/hɒ²⁴⁻⁴² paʔ²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² pak̚⁵/

/ho¹³⁻²² pak̚³²/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ pak̚³²/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ pak̚³²/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pak̚²/

/ɦu²² poʔ⁴⁴/

/xɤ³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː²¹ pɐk̚⁵/

/o⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɔyʔ²⁴/

/hɒ¹³⁻⁴² paʔ²¹/

/hɒ²⁴⁻⁴² paʔ²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² pak̚⁵/

/ho¹³⁻²² pak̚³²/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ pak̚³²/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ pak̚³²/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pak̚²/

/ɦu²² poʔ⁴⁴/

(～省) Hebei (a province in northern China)

(～區) Hebei (a district of Tianjin, China)

(historical) a geographic region north of the Yellow River in northern China


婺州

/u⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/mou̯²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/u⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/mou̯²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Wuzhou (an ancient name for the city of Jinhua, Zhejiang, China; modern Jinhua)


解放

Sino-Xenic (解放):
* → Japanese: 解放(かいほう) (kaihō)
* → Korean: 해방(解放) (haebang)
* → Vietnamese: giải phóng (解放)

→ Zhuang: gaijfang

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ⁵¹/

/kaːi̯³⁵ fɔːŋ³³/

/kai³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uɔŋ²¹³/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/

/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ⁴¹/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹¹/

/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/

/koi⁵²⁻³⁵ huaŋ²¹³/

/t͡ɕia³³ fɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ⁵¹/

/kaːi̯³⁵ fɔːŋ³³/

/kai³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uɔŋ²¹³/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/

/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ⁴¹/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹¹/

/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/

/koi⁵²⁻³⁵ huaŋ²¹³/

/t͡ɕia³³ fɑ̃⁴⁴/

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 解放(かいほう) (kaihō)

wasei kango

(～區) Jiefang (a district of Jiaozuo, Henan, China)

(～社區) Jiefang (a residential community in Lucheng, Yidu, Yichang, Hubei, China)


九龍

ja-r

九龍(きゅうりゅう) (Kyūryū)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (九龍):
* → Japanese: 九龍(きゅうりゅう) (Kyūryū)
* → Korean: 구룡(九龍) (Guryong)
* → Vietnamese: Cửu Long (九龍)

English: Kowloon

Japanese: 九龍(クーロン) (Kūron), 九龍(カウロン) (Kauron)

Korean: 주룽 (jurung)

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ¹³/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²³/

/kiu⁵²⁻³⁵ leŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiɤ³³ loŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ¹³/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²³/

/kiu⁵²⁻³⁵ leŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiɤ³³ loŋ⁴⁴/

(～江) Jiulong River (a river in southern Fujian)

北溪

upper reaches, above the confluence with the Xixi

(～縣) Jiulong (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan)


新羅

/ɕin⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² lo²⁴/

/ɕin⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² lo²⁴/

(～區) Xinluo (a district of Longyan, Fujian, China)


天安門廣場

desc

→ English: Tiananmen Square, Tian'anmen Square, Tian An Men Square, Tienanmen Square

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄢ ㄇㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄔㄤˇ

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄢ ㄇㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄔㄤˊ

Тяньаньмэнь Гуанчан

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ mən³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ mən³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵ muːn²¹ kʷɔːŋ³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/hen³³ ᵘɔn³³ ᵐbᵘɔn²² kɔŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiaŋ²²/

/hen³³ ᵘɔn³³ ᵐbᵘɔn²² kɔŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiaŋ²²⁻²²⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ an³³ mŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiũ²³/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ aŋ³³⁻²³ muŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kuaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ tĩõ⁵⁵/

/tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ aŋ³³⁻²³ muŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kuaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ tĩẽ⁵⁵/

/hen³³ ᵘɔn³³ ᵐbᵘɔn²² kɔŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiaŋ²²/

/tʰiɛn³³ an³³ mŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiũ²⁴/

Tiananmen Square
Tiananmen Square#English

Tiananmen Square (a plaza in Beijing, China)


滿洲國

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (滿洲國):
* → Japanese: 満州国(まんしゅうこく) (manshūkoku)
* → Korean: 만주국(滿洲國) (manjuguk)
* → Vietnamese: Mãn Châu quốc (滿洲國)

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/muːn¹³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/muːn¹³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

(historical) Manchukuo (a historical puppet state of the Empire of Japan in present-day northeast China)


蔬菜

/ʂu⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/sɔː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰai²¹/

/sɔ³³ t͡sʰai⁴¹/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰai²¹/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰai¹¹/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰai²¹/

/so³³⁻²³ t͡sʰai²¹³/

/səu⁵² t͡sʰe¹¹/

/ʂu⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/sɔː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰai²¹/

/sɔ³³ t͡sʰai⁴¹/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰai²¹/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰai¹¹/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰai²¹/

/so³³⁻²³ t͡sʰai²¹³/

/səu⁵² t͡sʰe¹¹/

(～村) Shucai (a village in Wenquan, Yingshan, Huanggang, Hubei, China)


拂曉

/fu³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɐt̚⁵ hiːu̯³⁵/

/huk̚²⁻⁴ hiau⁵²⁻²¹/

/fu³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɐt̚⁵ hiːu̯³⁵/

/huk̚²⁻⁴ hiau⁵²⁻²¹/

(～鄉) Fuxiao (a township in Dingyuan, Chuzhou, Anhui, China)


色拉

/sɪk̚⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/sɪk̚⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

(～山口) Sela (a mountain pass in Tsona, Shannan, Tibet autonomous region, China, now controlled by India)


色拉

/sɪk̚⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/sɪk̚⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

(～寺) Sera Monastery (a lamasery in Lhasa, Tibet autonomous region, China)

(now historical) (～鄉) Sera (a township in Daocheng, Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China), now Gatong (a town in Daocheng, Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


建德

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/

(～市) Jiande (a county-level city of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


西安

desc

→ English: Hsi-an, Sian, Singan, Xian, Xi'an

/ɕi⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/ɕi²⁴ næ̃²⁴/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/si²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴/

/ɬe⁵³³⁻¹¹ aŋ⁵³³/

/ɬe⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ aŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/sai³³⁻²³ aŋ³³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/ɕi²⁴ næ̃²⁴/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/si²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴/

/ɬe⁵³³⁻¹¹ aŋ⁵³³/

/ɬe⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ aŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/sai³³⁻²³ aŋ³³/

Usually glossed as meaning "Western Peace" but inclusive of the idea of "Western Pacification" or "Pacified Area", first adopted under the Ming Dynasty in 1369 as the city was conquered from the Yuan and protected with a new wall.

(～市) Xi'an (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Shaanxi, China)

(～區) Xi'an (a district of Liaoyuan, Jilin, China)

(～區) Xi'an (a district of Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China)


大連

→ English: Dalian, Talien, Ta-lien

/tä⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/tai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ l̃ieŋ⁵³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ liɛn²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ liɛn¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ liɛn²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ liɛn²³/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ liaŋ⁵⁵/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ lieŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/tai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ l̃ieŋ⁵³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ liɛn²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ liɛn¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ liɛn²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ liɛn²³/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ liaŋ⁵⁵/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ lieŋ⁵⁵/

Ultimately from the name of the original Russian settlement, Russian Да́льний (Dálʹnij, literally “distant”). Folk etymology suggests a derivation from 褡褳／褡裢 (dālian, “type of rectangle-shaped pocket with a pouch in the middle and two bags at the ends”).

zh-l

(～市) Dalian (a subprovincial city of Liaoning, China)


蘭州

→ English: Lan-chou, Lanchow, Lanzhou

/län³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/læ̃²⁴ ʈ͡ʂou⁵¹/

/laːn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/laŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/

/le²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/län³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/læ̃²⁴ ʈ͡ʂou⁵¹/

/laːn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/laŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/

/le²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

Coined in 581 with the establishment of 蘭州府 (“Lan prefecture”). Named after 皋蘭山／皋兰山.

(～府) (historical) Lan (a former prefecture of modern Gansu Province, China)

(～市) Lanzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Gansu, China)


拉薩

/la⁴⁴⁻³⁵ sat̚¹/

/l̃a⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɑʔ²⁴/

/la⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬaʔ²¹/

/la⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ɬaʔ²/

/la⁴⁴⁻²² sat̚³²/

/la⁴⁴⁻³³ sat̚³²/

/la⁴⁴⁻³⁵ sat̚¹/

/l̃a⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɑʔ²⁴/

/la⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬaʔ²¹/

/la⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ɬaʔ²/

/la⁴⁴⁻²² sat̚³²/

/la⁴⁴⁻³³ sat̚³²/

Borrowed from Manchu ᠯᠠᠰᠠ (lasa), from Classical Tibetan ལྷ་ས (lha sa).

(～市) Lhasa (the capital city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


太原

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ jyːn²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/tʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/tʰai⁴² ŋœŋ¹³/

/tʰai⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ŋyøŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan¹³/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡuan²³/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ jyːn²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/tʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/tʰai⁴² ŋœŋ¹³/

/tʰai⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ŋyøŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan¹³/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡuan²³/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Taiyuan (a prefecture-level city, provincial capital, and largest city in Shanxi, in northern China)


郊區

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/kau⁴⁴⁻²² kʰu⁴⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/kau⁴⁴⁻²² kʰu⁴⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹/

Jiao District (a district of Tongling, Anhui, China)


雷鋒

/leɪ̯³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/leɪ̯³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

Named after Lei Feng (1940–1962), a soldier of the People's Liberation Army in the People's Republic of China.

(～街道) Leifeng (a subdistrict of Wangcheng district, Changsha, Hunan, China)


資源

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～縣) Ziyuan County (a county of Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


公平

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (公平):
* → Japanese: 公平(こうへい) (kōhei)
* → Korean: 공평(公平) (gongpyeong)
* → Vietnamese: công bình (公平), công bằng (公平)

→ Zhuang: goengbingz

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/kɔŋ³³ pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pɛ̃¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pẽ²³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰiɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/kɔŋ³³ pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pɛ̃¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pẽ²³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰiɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Gongping (a town in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Gongping (a town in Haifeng, Shanwei, Guangdong, China)


綠化

/ly⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/lʊk̚² faː³³/

/liɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hua²¹/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hua¹¹/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hua²¹/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hua¹¹/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hua²¹/

/ly⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/lʊk̚² faː³³/

/liɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hua²¹/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hua¹¹/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hua²¹/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hua¹¹/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hua²¹/

(～村) Lühua (a village in Yonglong, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


光明

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/

/kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/

/kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

(～區) Guangming (a district of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China)

(～社區) Guangming (a community in Chengzhong, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


星星

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/siŋ⁵⁵ siŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/siŋ⁵⁵ siŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/ɕiŋ¹¹ ɕiŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰẽ³³/

/ɕin⁴⁴ ɕin⁵³/

/ɕin³³ ɕin³⁴/

/ɕiŋ³³ ɕiŋ⁵²/

/ɕiŋ³³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/siŋ⁴⁴ siŋ³¹/

/siŋ³³ siŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕiŋ¹¹ ɕiŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰẽ³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

/ɕin⁴⁴ ɕin⁵³/

/ɕin³³ ɕin³⁴/

/ɕiŋ³³ ɕiŋ⁵²/

/ɕiŋ³³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/siŋ⁴⁴ siŋ³¹/

/siŋ³³ siŋ⁵⁵/

(～社區) Xingxing (a community in Chengzhong, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


梅花

/meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/puei¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵³³/

/puei²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁴⁴/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/

/muĩ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² hue³³/

/muĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/muãi²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/muãi²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muẽ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muẽ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/me̞i̯¹³ ɸa̠³³/

/meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/puei¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵³³/

/puei²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁴⁴/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/

/muĩ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² hue³³/

/muĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/muãi²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/muãi²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muẽ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muẽ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/me̞i̯¹³ ɸa̠³³/

(～鎮) Meihua (a town in Changle district, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


一元

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～街道) Yiyuan (a subdistrict of Jiang'an district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


凌雲

/lɪŋ²¹ wɐn²¹/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hun²⁴/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ hun²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hun²⁴/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² in¹³/

/lɪŋ²¹ wɐn²¹/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hun²⁴/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ hun²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hun²⁴/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² in¹³/

(～縣) Lingyun (a county of Baise, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


南岸

/nän³⁵ ˀän⁵¹/

/naːm²¹ ŋɔːn²²/

/nän³⁵ ˀän⁵¹/

/naːm²¹ ŋɔːn²²/

(～區) Nan'an (a district of Chongqing, China)


玉門

Sino-Xenic (玉門):
* → Japanese: 玉(ぎょく)門(もん) (gyokumon)
* → Korean: 옥문(玉門) (ongmun)

(～市) Yumen (a county-level city of Jiuquan, Gansu, China)


臨海

/lin³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/lin³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

(～縣) Linhai County (a county-level city of Zhejiang, China)


密雲

/mɐt̚² wɐn²¹/

/mɐt̚² wɐn²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Miyun (a district and former county of Beijing, China)


三門

Sino-Xenic (三門):
* → Japanese: 三門(さんもん) (sanmon)
* → Korean: 삼문(三門) (sammun)

/sän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

(～縣) Sanmen (a county of Taizhou, Zhejiang, China)


七星

→ Zhuang: Gihsingh

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰĩ³³/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰĩ³³/

(～區) Qixing District (a district of Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


內蒙

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ³⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² mʊŋ²¹/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ³⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² mʊŋ²¹/

ellipsis of 內蒙古 /内蒙古 (= Inner Mongolia): an autonomous region of China


新華

/ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/

(～區) Xinhua (a district of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China)

(～區) Xinhua (a district of Cangzhou, Hebei, China)

(～街道) Xinhua (a subdistrict of Jianghan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

(～街道) Xinhua (a subdistrict of Xiaonan district, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Xinhua (a town in Shennongjia, Hubei, China, formerly a township)


青島

desc

→ English: Qingdao, Tsingtao, Ch'ing-tao

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ to³¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾no³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ tɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ⁵³/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ tau⁵²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ to³¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾no³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ tɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ⁵³/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ tau⁵²/

(～市) Qingdao (a subprovincial city of Shandong, China)


武漢

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (武漢):
* → Japanese: 武(ぶ)漢(かん) (Bukan)
* → Korean: 무한(武漢) (Muhan)
* → Vietnamese: Vũ Hán (武漢)

→ English: Wuhan, Wu-han, Wu Han

→ Georgian: უხანი (uxani)

→ Korean: 우한 (Uhan)

→ Russian: Уха́нь (Uxánʹ)

→ Zhuang: Vujhan

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ xän⁵¹/

/mou̯¹³ hɔːn³³/

/ʋu³¹ hɔn⁵³/

/u³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɑŋ²¹³/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ han⁴¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han¹¹/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵²⁻³⁵ haŋ²¹³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ xän⁵¹/

/mou̯¹³ hɔːn³³/

/ʋu³¹ hɔn⁵³/

/u³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɑŋ²¹³/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ han⁴¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han¹¹/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵²⁻³⁵ haŋ²¹³/

From 武昌 (Wǔchāng) + 漢口 /汉口 (Hànkǒu), two of the three towns that were merged to form Wuhan.

(～市) Wuhan (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Hubei, China)


重慶

ja-r

重慶(じゅうけい) (Jūkei)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (重慶):
* → Japanese: 重慶(じゅうけい) (Jūkei)
* → Korean: 중경(重慶) (Junggyeong)
* → Vietnamese: Trùng Khánh (重慶)

desc

→ English: Chongqing, Chungching, Ch'ung-ch'ing, Chungking, Tchang-king

→ Japanese: 重慶(チョンチン) (Chonchin)

→ Korean: 충칭 (Chungching)

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ²¹ t͡ɕʰin²¹³/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ hɪŋ³³/

/t͡sʰuŋ¹¹ kʰin⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kʰin⁵³/

/tʰyŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((kʰ-))ŋɛiŋ²¹³/

/tyŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((kʰ-))ŋɛiŋ²¹³/

/tœŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰiŋ⁴²/

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kʰiŋ⁴²/

/tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰiɪŋ⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kʰiɪŋ¹¹/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰeŋ²¹³/

/zoŋ²² t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ²¹ t͡ɕʰin²¹³/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ hɪŋ³³/

/t͡sʰuŋ¹¹ kʰin⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kʰin⁵³/

/tʰyŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((kʰ-))ŋɛiŋ²¹³/

/tyŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((kʰ-))ŋɛiŋ²¹³/

/tœŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰiŋ⁴²/

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kʰiŋ⁴²/

/tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰiɪŋ⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kʰiɪŋ¹¹/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰeŋ²¹³/

/zoŋ²² t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴/

Literally "double celebration", named in 1189 after Emperor Guangzong of Song was crowned as both king and emperor.

I just received a letter from Chongqing.

Wǒ gānggāng shōudào yī fēng cóng Chóngqìng jì lái de xìn.

我剛剛收到一封從重慶寄來的信。

我刚刚收到一封从重庆寄来的信。

(～市) Chongqing (a direct-administered municipality and city in western China)


烏魯木齊

→ English: Wulumuchi, Wu-lu-mu-ch'i, Wulumuqi

ㄨ ㄌㄨˇ ㄇㄨˋ ㄑㄧˊ

ㄨ ㄌㄨˇ ㄇㄨˋ ㄑㄧˊ

/u⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³ mʊk̚² t͡sʰɐi̯²¹/

ou¹ lou³ borh⁷ ze² [Phonetic:ou⁵ lou⁵ borh⁶ ze²]

/ɔu⁵³³⁻¹¹ lɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ pɒʔ⁴⁻²¹ t͡se¹³/

/ɔu⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ lɔu³³²⁻²¹ pɒʔ⁴⁻² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡se¹³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ³³ lɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡se²⁴/

/u⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³ mʊk̚² t͡sʰɐi̯²¹/

/ɔu⁵³³⁻¹¹ lɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ pɒʔ⁴⁻²¹ t͡se¹³/

/ɔu⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ lɔu³³²⁻²¹ pɒʔ⁴⁻² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡se¹³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ³³ lɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡se²⁴/

Borrowed from Manchu ᡠᡵᡠᠮᠴᡳ (urumci), from Written Oirat ᡇᠷᡇᡏᡔᡅ (urumci), from Chagatai اورُمجی (ūrumǧī /ürümči/).

乌鲁木齐
烏嚕木齊
乌鲁木齐
烏漉木製
烏櫓莫濟
烏鹵沐齊
烏鹵沐債
烏魯沐債
烏漉沐漬

On September 11th, 1985, Rugosa rose was chosen as Wlumuqi's^([sic – meaning Wulumuqi's]) city flower at the 18th Session of the Standing Committee of the 9th MPC of Wulumuqi, and the elm tree as Wulumuqi's city tree.

1989, China City Flowers (中国城市市花) p.88 & 89 →ISBN

1985 nián 9 yuè 11 rì, Wūlǔmùqí Shì réndà chángwěihuì dì 9 jiè 18 cì huìyì shàng, jiāng méigui dìng wéi shì huā, tóngshí dìng dà yè yú wèi shì shù.

1985年9月11日，烏魯木齊市人大常委會第9屆18次會議上，將玫瑰定為市花，同時定大葉榆為市樹。

1985年9月11日，乌鲁木齐市人大常委会第9届18次会议上，将玫瑰定为市花，同时定大叶榆为市树。

(～市) Ürümqi (a prefecture-level city, the capital of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～縣) Ürümqi (a county of Ürümqi city, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


甘肅

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (甘肅):
* → Japanese: 甘(かん)粛(しゅく) (Kanshuku)
* → Korean: 감숙(甘肅) (Gamsuk)
* → Vietnamese: Cam Túc (甘肅)

→ English: Gansu, Kansu

/kɐm⁵⁵ sʊk̚⁵/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ɕiʊk̚¹/

/kaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nøyʔ²⁴/

/kaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬœʔ²¹/

/kaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ɬyøʔ²/

/kam⁴⁴⁻²² siɔk̚³²/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔk̚³²/

/kø⁵⁵ soʔ²¹/

/kɐm⁵⁵ sʊk̚⁵/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ɕiʊk̚¹/

/kaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nøyʔ²⁴/

/kaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬœʔ²¹/

/kaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ɬyøʔ²/

/kam⁴⁴⁻²² siɔk̚³²/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔk̚³²/

/kø⁵⁵ soʔ²¹/

Blend of 甘州 (Gānzhōu) + 肅州／肃州 (Sùzhōu); coined in 1286 with the establishment of 甘肅等處行中書省.

zh-l

肅州／肃州 (Sùzhōu)

(～省) Gansu (a province in northwestern China)


廣西

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (廣西):
* → Japanese: 広西(こうせい) (Kōsei)
* → Korean: 광서(廣西) (Gwangseo)
* → Vietnamese: Quảng Tây (廣西)

→ English: Guangxi, Kwangsi, Kwongsai

→ French: Guangxi, Kouang-Si

→ Korean: 광시 (Gwangsi)

→ Manchu: ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᠰᡳ (guwangsi)

→ Mongolian: ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩᠰᠢ (ɣuwangsi)

→ Portuguese: Guangxi

→ Russian: Гуанси́ (Guansí)

→ Uyghur: گۇاڭشى (guangshi)

→ Zhuang: Guengjsae, Gvangjsih

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵ ɬai³³/

/koŋ²⁴⁻³³ si⁵³/

/kuɔŋ³¹ ɕi⁴⁴/

/kuoŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵/

/kŋ̍³³²⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))ne⁵⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai³³/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kuĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴/

/kɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ sai³³/

/kʷʊŋ³³ ɬəi⁵³/

/kuɑ̃³³ ɕi⁴⁴/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵ ɬai³³/

/koŋ²⁴⁻³³ si⁵³/

/kuɔŋ³¹ ɕi⁴⁴/

/kuoŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵/

/kŋ̍³³²⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))ne⁵⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai³³/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kuĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴/

/kɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ sai³³/

/kʷʊŋ³³ ɬəi⁵³/

/kuɑ̃³³ ɕi⁴⁴/

Named after Guangnan West Circuit 廣南西路／广南西路 (Guǎngnán Xī Lù) of the Song dynasty.

zh-l

廣南西路／广南西路 (Guǎngnán Xī Lù)

Zhou Qufei, Representative Answers from the Region beyond the Mountains, 12ᵗʰ century CE

Lìzhī, Guǎngxī zhū jùn suǒ chǎn, shuài pí hòu ròu bó, hé dà wèi suān, bùyí pù gān, fēi Mǐnzhōng bǐ, jiā zhě mòrú Xīnghuà.

荔枝，廣西諸郡所產，率皮厚肉薄，核大味酸，不宜曝乾，非閩中比，佳者莫如興化。

荔枝，广西诸郡所产，率皮厚肉薄，核大味酸，不宜曝干，非闽中比，佳者莫如兴化。

～壯族自治區 廣西壯族自治區#Chinese

～僮族自治區 廣西僮族自治區#Chinese

(～壯族自治區, formerly ～僮族自治區, ～省) Guangxi (a Zhuang autonomous region of China)


貴州

→ English: Guizhou

→ Manchu: ᡤᡠᡳ
ᠵᡝᠣ (gui jeo)

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡siu³³/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siu³³/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡siu³³/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siu³³/

Corruption of earlier 矩州 (Jǔzhōu); used since Song dynasty.

貴州的別稱是黔。

贵州的别称是黔。

(～省) Guizhou (a province in southwestern China)


浙江

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (浙江):
* → Japanese: 浙江(せっこう) (sekkō)
* → Korean: 절강(浙江) (jeolgang)
* → Vietnamese: Chiết Giang (浙江)

desc

→ English: Che-chiang, Che-keang, Chekiang, Zhejiang, Zhe Jiang, Chekiang, Che-chiang, Chê-chiang (Wade–Giles), Che-keang, Che-kyang, Chequiam (obsolete), Jhejiang, Zhe Jiang

→ Manchu: ᠵᡝᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩ (jegiyang)

→ Zhuang: Cezgyangh

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɑŋ¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siːt̚³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡set̚⁵⁵ kɔŋ³³/

/t͡sɛt̚⁵ kɔŋ²/

/t͡ʃat⁵⁻² koŋ⁵³/

/t͡sat̚¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sieʔ²⁴⁻²¹ kouŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kaŋ⁵³³/

/t͡siɛʔ²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sik̚²⁻⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡səʔ³³ kɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡səʔ⁴⁴ kɑ̃²³/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɑŋ¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siːt̚³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡set̚⁵⁵ kɔŋ³³/

/t͡sɛt̚⁵ kɔŋ²/

/t͡ʃat⁵⁻² koŋ⁵³/

/t͡sat̚¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sieʔ²⁴⁻²¹ kouŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kaŋ⁵³³/

/t͡siɛʔ²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sik̚²⁻⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡səʔ³³ kɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡səʔ⁴⁴ kɑ̃²³/

Classic of Mountains and Seas
Qiantang River

The ancient name of the Qiantang River. First attested in the Classic of Mountains and Seas.

(～省) Zhejiang (a province in eastern China)

When the First Emperor of Ch’in crossed River Che on a visit to Kuaichi, Hsiang Liang and Hsiang Yu looked on. “That one could be captured and replaced,” exclaimed Hsiang Yu. “Don't talk absurdities!” said Hsiang Liang, putting his hand over his nephew’s mouth. “Do you want our clan wiped out?”

The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

Qín shǐhuángdì yóu Kuàijī, dù Zhèjiāng, Liáng yǔ Jí jù guān. Jí yuē: “Bǐ kě qǔ ér dài yě.” Liáng yǎn qí kǒu, yuē: “Wú wàngyán, zú yǐ!”

秦始皇帝游會稽，渡浙江，梁與籍俱觀。籍曰：“彼可取而代也。”梁掩其口，曰：“毋妄言，族矣！”

秦始皇帝游会稽，渡浙江，梁与籍俱观。籍曰：“彼可取而代也。”梁掩其口，曰：“毋妄言，族矣！”

At the time Shen Ch’ung of Wu-hsing was a prefecture magistrate, and was just then escorting a guest across the Che River. When he and his guest appeared, the innkeeper evacuated Ch’u, and moved him down to the ox shed. The tidal bore arrived. Shen got up and was strolling back and forth.

Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE

Ěrshí Wúxīng Shěn Chōng wéi xiànlìng, dāng sòngkè guò Zhèjiāng, kè chū, tínglì qū gōng yí niúwū xià. Cháoshuǐ zhì, Shěn-lìng qǐ pánghuáng.

爾時吳興沈充爲縣令，當送客過浙江，客出，亭吏驅公移牛屋下。潮水至，沈令起彷徨。

尔时吴兴沈充为县令，当送客过浙江，客出，亭吏驱公移牛屋下。潮水至，沈令起彷徨。

The tidal bore on the Che River is one of the greatest sights of the world.

c. 1280s, Zhou Mi, Reminiscences of Wulin, translated by Richard Strassberg

Zhèjiāng zhī cháo, tiānxià zhī wěiguān yě.

浙江之潮，天下之偉觀也。

浙江之潮，天下之伟观也。

(historical) Zhe River (the former name of the Qiantang River in Zhejiang, China)


江西

→ Thai: กังไส (gang-sǎi, “Jingdezhen porcelain”) (via Min Nan)

→ Manchu: ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩᠰᡳ (giyangsi)

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ³³ ɬai³³/

/kɔŋ⁴² ɕi⁴²/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴ ɕi⁴⁴/

/kouŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sai⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sai⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/kaŋ³³⁻²³ sai³³/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ³³ ɬai³³/

/kɔŋ⁴² ɕi⁴²/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴ ɕi⁴⁴/

/kouŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sai⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sai⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/kaŋ³³⁻²³ sai³³/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

;“Jiangxi Province”
;“Region to the north of the Yangtze River”

(～省) Jiangxi (a province in southern China)


海口

→ English: Haikou, Hai-k'ou, Hoihow

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/hai⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kʰieu⁴⁵³/

/hai³³²⁻²¹ kʰieu³³²/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁴¹/

/he³³ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/hai⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kʰieu⁴⁵³/

/hai³³²⁻²¹ kʰieu³³²/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁴¹/

/he³³ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

(～市) Haikou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Hainan, China)


長春

→ English: Changchun, Ch'ang-ch'un

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ t͡sʰun²⁴/

/t͡ʃʰoŋ⁵⁵ t͡ʃʰun⁵³/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tyɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³³/

dyoeng² cuong¹ [Phonetic:dyoeng⁵ cuong¹]

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun³³/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/zã²² t͡sʰən⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ t͡sʰun²⁴/

/t͡ʃʰoŋ⁵⁵ t͡ʃʰun⁵³/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tyɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³³/

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun³³/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/zã²² t͡sʰən⁴⁴/

(～市) Changchun (a subprovincial city, provincial capital, and largest city in Jilin, China)


昆明

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (昆明):
* → Japanese: 昆(こん)明(めい) (Konmei)
* → Vietnamese: Côn Minh (昆明)

→ English: Kunming

→ Hungarian: Kunming

→ Portuguese: Kunming

→ Russian: Куньми́н (Kunʹmín)

→ Spanish: Kunming

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³⁵ min¹¹/

/kʰouŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/

/kʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kʰuŋ³³⁻²³ meŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³⁵ min¹¹/

/kʰouŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/

/kʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kʰuŋ³³⁻²³ meŋ⁵⁵/

Originally the endonym of an ethnic group living in what is now western Yunnan province and southwestern Sichuan province.

(～市) Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southwestern China)


瀋陽

Sino-Xenic (瀋陽):
* → Japanese: 瀋陽(しんよう) (Shin'yō)
* → Korean: 심양(瀋陽) (Simyang)
* → Vietnamese: Thẩm Dương (瀋陽)

→ English: Shenyang, Shen-yang

→ Japanese: 瀋(シェン)陽(ヤン) (Shen'yan)

→ Korean: 선양 (Seonyang)

→ Zhuang: Sinjyangz

/ʂən²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/sɐm³⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/sɨm³¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/ʃim²⁴⁻³³ ʒoŋ⁵⁵/

/səm³¹ iɔŋ¹¹/

/ɬiŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹³ yɒŋ¹³/

/ɬiŋ³³²⁻⁵⁵ yøŋ²⁴/

/sim⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²³/

/sim⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iaŋ¹³/

/ʂən²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/sɐm³⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/sɨm³¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/ʃim²⁴⁻³³ ʒoŋ⁵⁵/

/səm³¹ iɔŋ¹¹/

/ɬiŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹³ yɒŋ¹³/

/ɬiŋ³³²⁻⁵⁵ yøŋ²⁴/

/sim⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²³/

/sim⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iaŋ¹³/

Named in reference to its location to the north (the sunny side) of the Shen River. Coined in 1296 when the Shen Prefecture (瀋州／沈州) was converted to Shenyang Circuit (瀋陽路).

(～市) Shenyang (a subprovincial city, provincial capital, and largest city in Liaoning, China)


石家莊

desc

→ English: Shijiazhuang, Shih-chia-chuang

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kaː⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sak̚⁵ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡soŋ²⁴/

/sak̚⁵ ka⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

sih⁷ gor¹ zorng¹ [Phonetic:sih⁶ gor² zorng¹]

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻²¹ kɒ⁵³³⁻¹³ t͡sɒŋ⁵³³/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻² kɒ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

sih⁷ gor¹ zung¹ [Phonetic:sih⁶ gor² lung¹]

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻²¹ kɒ⁵³³⁻¹³ ^((t͡s-))luŋ⁵³³/

sih⁷ gor¹ zng¹ [Phonetic:sih⁶ gor² lng¹]

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻² kɒ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^((t͡s-))lŋ̍⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ka³³ t͡sŋ̍³³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kaː⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sak̚⁵ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡soŋ²⁴/

/sak̚⁵ ka⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻²¹ kɒ⁵³³⁻¹³ t͡sɒŋ⁵³³/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻² kɒ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻²¹ kɒ⁵³³⁻¹³ ^((t͡s-))luŋ⁵³³/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻² kɒ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^((t͡s-))lŋ̍⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ka³³ t͡sŋ̍³³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

(～市) Shijiazhuang (a prefecture-level city, provincial capital, and largest city in Hebei, China)


成都

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (成都):
* → Japanese: 成(せい)都(と) (Seito)
* → Korean: 성도(成都) (Seongdo)
* → Vietnamese: Thành Đô (成都)

→ English: Chengdu, Chengtu, Ch'eng-tu

→ French: Chengdu, Tcheng-tou

ja-r

チョントゥー (Chontū)

→ Japanese: チョントゥー (Chontū), チェンドゥ (Chendu)

→ Korean: 청두 (Cheongdu)

→ Manchu: ᠴᡝᠩ
ᡩᡠ (ceng du)

→ Portuguese: Chengdu

→ Russian: Чэнду́ (Čɛndú)

→ Zhuang: Cwngzduh

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰən²¹ tu⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ tou̯⁵⁵/

/siŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nu⁵⁵/

/ɬiŋ¹³⁻¹¹ tɔu⁵³³/

/ɬiŋ²⁴⁻²¹ tɔu⁵⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ³³/

/siɪŋ¹³⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ tɔ⁴⁴/

/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tou³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰən²¹ tu⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ tou̯⁵⁵/

/siŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nu⁵⁵/

/ɬiŋ¹³⁻¹¹ tɔu⁵³³/

/ɬiŋ²⁴⁻²¹ tɔu⁵⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ³³/

/siɪŋ¹³⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ tɔ⁴⁴/

/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tou³³/

May be the transcription of a native non-Chinese word. Attested on excavated artefacts dating to the late Warring States Period, as well as in the Records of the Grand Historian.
Compare 邛都, 新都 (Xīndū), 廣都／广都, 筰都, 武都 (Wǔdū), all of which are toponyms in present-day southwest China with 都 (OC *taː) as the second syllable. In particular, according to the Records of the Grand Historian, 邛都 (OC *ɡoŋ taː) and 筰都 (OC *zaːɡ taː) were originally names of tribes that were "Southwestern Barbarians" (西南夷 (Xīnányí)).

zh-l

西南夷 (Xīnányí)

(～市) Chengdu (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Sichuan, China)


合肥

/xɤ³⁵ feɪ̯³⁵/

/haʔ⁴⁻²¹ hi¹³/

/haʔ⁴⁻² hi²⁴/

/haʔ⁴⁻²¹ pui¹³/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pui¹³/

/ɦəʔ¹¹ vi²³/

/xɤ³⁵ feɪ̯³⁵/

/haʔ⁴⁻²¹ hi¹³/

/haʔ⁴⁻² hi²⁴/

/haʔ⁴⁻²¹ pui¹³/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pui¹³/

/ɦəʔ¹¹ vi²³/

(～市) Hefei (a prefecture-level city, provincial capital, and largest city in Anhui, China)


鄭州

desc

English: Cheng-chou, Chengchow, Zhengzhou

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛːŋ²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵ t͡su²⁴/

/t͡ʃʰaŋ³³ t͡ʃiu⁵³/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵³ t͡su⁴⁴/

/tĩ⁴¹⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/tĩ²²⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tɛ̃²²⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/zən²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛːŋ²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵ t͡su²⁴/

/t͡ʃʰaŋ³³ t͡ʃiu⁵³/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵³ t͡su⁴⁴/

/tĩ⁴¹⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/tĩ²²⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tɛ̃²²⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/zən²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

(～市) Zhengzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Henan, in central China)


高峰

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/kɔ³³ hɔŋ³³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kau³³⁻²³ hoŋ³³/

/kɔ⁵⁵ foŋ²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/kɔ³³ hɔŋ³³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kau³³⁻²³ hoŋ³³/

/kɔ⁵⁵ foŋ²¹/

(～村) Gaofeng (a village in Wudian, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


天安門

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/hen³³ ᵘɔn³³ ᵐbᵘɔn²²/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴ mun¹¹/

teng¹ ang¹ muei² [Phonetic:teng⁵ ang⁵ muei²]

/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ aŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ muei¹³/

teng¹ ang¹ mui² [Phonetic:teng⁵ ang⁵ mui²]

/tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ aŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ mui²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ an³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ aŋ³³⁻²³ muŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ aŋ³³⁻²³ muŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/hen³³ ᵘɔn³³ ᵐbᵘɔn²²/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴ mun¹¹/

/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ aŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ muei¹³/

/tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ aŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ mui²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ an³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ aŋ³³⁻²³ muŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ aŋ³³⁻²³ muŋ⁵⁵/

Gate of Heavenly Peace
Gate of Heavenly Peace#English

Tian'anmen, Tiananmen, Gate of Heavenly Peace (a gate in Beijing, China)


新建

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn¹¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn¹¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Xinjian (a district and former county of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China)

(～社區) Xinjian (a community in Zhucheng, Xinzhou district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

(～村) Xinjian (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


三亞

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (三亞):
* → Vietnamese: Tam Á (三亞)

→ English: Sanya

/sän⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/sän⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ aː³³/

/sän⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/sän⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ aː³³/

First attested in 1521 in 正德瓊台志.
Wang (2014) suggests that 三亞 is borrowed from a Hlai word meaning "field with crows".
* 三 (Hainanese /ta¹/) is borrowed from Hlai dax (“field; farmland”) (Heitu dialect: /naː²/).
* 亞／亚 (Hainanese /a¹/) is likely borrowed from Hlai eek (“crow”) (Heitu dialect: /ʔaːʔ⁹/).
Note that toponyms with 三 as the first character are common in southern Hainan where the Hlai (Li) people live.
Originally referring to the area around Sanya Harbor (三亞港), it replaced 崖縣／崖县 (Yáxiàn, “Ya County”) in 1984 to refer to the entire prefecture-level city.

(～市) Sanya (a prefecture-level city of Hainan, China)


芭蕉

/pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pa²⁴ t͡ɕiɔː²⁴/

/pa²⁴ t͡ɕiɔː⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/ˈpa⁴² t͡ɕiɛu⁴²/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡seu̯²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤ⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/pa⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

/po⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

/pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pa²⁴ t͡ɕiɔː²⁴/

/pa²⁴ t͡ɕiɔː⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/ˈpa⁴² t͡ɕiɛu⁴²/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡seu̯²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤ⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/pa⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

/po⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

(～侗族鄉) Bajiao (a township in Enshi, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


大德

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tiɪk̚⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tiɪk̚⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

(～鎮) Dade (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)


大同

→ English: Datong, Tatung

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰʊŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ tʰuŋ¹¹/

/tʰai³³ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/tai¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ¹³/

/tai²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ²³/

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰʊŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ tʰuŋ¹¹/

/tʰai³³ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/tai¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ¹³/

/tai²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ²³/

The philosophical sense is from the Book of Rites, Book 9 (《禮記·禮運》)

… In this way (selfish) schemings were repressed and found no development. Robbers, filchers, and rebellious traitors did not show themselves, and hence the outer doors remained open, and were not shut. This was (the period of) what we call the Grand Union.

The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

...... Shìgù móu bì ér bù xīng, dàoqiè luànzéi ér bù zuò, gù wàihù ér bù bì, shì wèi dàtóng.

……是故謀閉而不興，盜竊亂賊而不作，故外戶而不閉，是謂大同。

……是故谋闭而不兴，盗窃乱贼而不作，故外户而不闭，是谓大同。

(～市) Datong (a prefecture-level city of Shanxi, China)

Yunzhou District
Yunzhou District#English

(～縣) (historical) Datong (a former county of Datong, Shanxi, China; modern Yunzhou District)

Datong District
w:Datong District, Daqing

(～區) Datong District (a district of Daqing, Heilongjiang, China)

(～社區) Datong (a residential community in Zhicheng, Yidu, Yichang, Hubei, China)


江北

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ poʔ²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ poʔ²¹/

(～區) Jiangbei (a district of Chongqing, China)

(～區) Jiangbei (a district of Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)


方正

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

(～縣) Fangzheng (a county of Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)


新豐

/ɕin⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin³³ hɔŋ³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɕin⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin³³ hɔŋ³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

(～縣) Xinfeng (a county of Shaoguan, Guangdong, China)


半月

/pän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/pän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

(～鎮) Banyue (a town in Dangyang, Yichang, Hubei, China)


興平

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

(～市) Xingping (a county-level city of Xianyang, Shaanxi, China)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Xingping (a town in Yuli, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


建安

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ an³³/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ an⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ an³³/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ an⁴⁴/

(～區) Jian'an (a district of Xuchang, Henan, China)


天王

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/tʰi⁵⁵ ɦuɑ̃²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/tʰi⁵⁵ ɦuɑ̃²¹/

Earliest extant attestation is in the Spring and Autumn Annals [c. 5th century BCE]:
*

circa

5th century <small class='ce-date'>BCE</small>

In autumn, in the seventh month, the Heaven-appointed king sent the [sub] administrator Xuan with a present of [two] carriages and their horses for the funerals of duke Hui and [his wife] the second-born Zi.

Spring and Autumn Annals, c. 5th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Qiū, qīyuè, tiānwáng shǐ zǎi Xuān lái guī Huìgōng Zhòngzǐ zhī fèng.

秋，七月，天王使宰咺來歸惠公仲子之賵。

秋，七月，天王使宰咺来归惠公仲子之赗。

(～村) Tianwang (a village in Xinshi, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


魚鱗

/jyː²¹⁻³⁵ lɵn²¹/

/ᵑɡui²²⁻²¹ lin²²/

/ŋ̍¹¹ lin¹¹/

/ŋy³³ saiŋ³³/

/ŋy⁵³⁻³³ l̃iŋ⁵³/

/hy¹³⁻¹¹ lɛŋ¹³/

/hy²⁴⁻²¹ lɛŋ²⁴/

/hɯ²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/

/hu²⁴⁻¹¹ lan²⁴/

/hi²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/

/hi¹³⁻²² lan¹³/

/hi²³⁻³³ lan²³/

/hɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ laŋ⁵⁵/

/jyː²¹⁻³⁵ lɵn²¹/

/ᵑɡui²²⁻²¹ lin²²/

/ŋ̍¹¹ lin¹¹/

/ŋy³³ saiŋ³³/

/ŋy⁵³⁻³³ l̃iŋ⁵³/

/hy¹³⁻¹¹ lɛŋ¹³/

/hy²⁴⁻²¹ lɛŋ²⁴/

/hɯ²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/

/hu²⁴⁻¹¹ lan²⁴/

/hi²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/

/hi¹³⁻²² lan¹³/

/hi²³⁻³³ lan²³/

/hɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ laŋ⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Yulin (a township in Wuxi, Chongqing, China)


太白

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ paɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ paːk̚²/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪk̚⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɪk̚²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪk̚¹²¹/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪk̚⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪk̚⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ paɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ paːk̚²/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪk̚⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɪk̚²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪk̚¹²¹/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪk̚⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪk̚⁴/

(～縣) Taibai (a county of Baoji, Shaanxi, China)


流水

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐu̯²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/lau²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/liu²⁴⁻²² sui⁵⁵⁴/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐu̯²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/lau²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/liu²⁴⁻²² sui⁵⁵⁴/

(～鎮) Liushui (a town in Yicheng, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Liushui (a town in Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


聯盟

/li̯ɛn³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/lyːn²¹ mɐŋ²¹/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻³³ mɛiŋ⁵³/

/lɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ mɛŋ¹³/

/lɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mɛŋ²⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/biɛn¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/lyːn²¹ mɐŋ²¹/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻³³ mɛiŋ⁵³/

/lɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ mɛŋ¹³/

/lɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mɛŋ²⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/biɛn¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

(～村) Lianmeng (a village in Zhashan, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


民權

/min³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ kʰyːn²¹/

/min³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ kʰyːn²¹/

(～縣) Minquan (a county of Shangqiu, Henan, China)

(～街道) Minquan (a subdistrict of Jianghan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


邯鄲

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (邯鄲):
* → Japanese: 邯鄲(かんたん) (Kantan)
* → Korean: 한단(邯鄲) (Handan)

→ English: Handan, Han-tan

/xän³⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/hɔːn²¹ taːn⁵⁵/

/xän³⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/hɔːn²¹ taːn⁵⁵/

(～市) Handan (a prefecture-level city of Hebei, China)

(～縣) (historical) Handan (a former county of Handan, Hebei, China, succeeded by Congtai and Hanshan Districts)


東平

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Dongping (a county of Tai'an, Shandong, China)


綜合

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ³³ hɐp̚²/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ hɐp̚²/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hap̚⁵/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hap̚⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ³³ hap̚²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hap̚¹²¹/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡soŋ³³⁻²³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡soŋ³³⁻²³ haʔ⁴/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɦəʔ²¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ³³ hɐp̚²/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ hɐp̚²/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hap̚⁵/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hap̚⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ³³ hap̚²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hap̚¹²¹/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡soŋ³³⁻²³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡soŋ³³⁻²³ haʔ⁴/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɦəʔ²¹/

(～村) Zonghe (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


宜城

/i³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jiː²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/i³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jiː²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

(～市) Yicheng (a county-level city of Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

經濟技術開發區 經濟技術開發區#Chinese

(～經濟技術開發區) Yicheng (an economic and technological development zone in Yicheng, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


三水

/sän⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Sanshui (a district of Foshan, Guangdong, China; a former county of Guangdong, China)


大昌

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Dachang (a town in Wushan, Chongqing, China)


二郎

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ lɑŋ³⁵/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ lɑŋ³⁵/

(～村) Erlang (a village in Wudian, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


義和

(～鎮) Yihe (a town in Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Yihe (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)


大樹

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² syː²²/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu²²/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu²²/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu³³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu³³/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² syː²²/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu²²/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu²²/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu³³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu³³/

(～鎮) Dashu (a town in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)


隆昌

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Longchang (a county-level city under the city of Neijiang, Sichuan, China)


信義

/ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/sɵn³³ jiː²²/

/sin²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/sin²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/sin¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡi³³/

/sin²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡi³³/

/ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/sɵn³³ jiː²²/

/sin²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/sin²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/sin¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡi³³/

/sin²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡi³³/

(～鄉) (historical) Xinyi (a township in Linwei district, Weinan, Shaanxi, China, now part of Longbei Town)


和政

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

(～縣) Hezheng (a county of Linxia prefecture, Gansu, China)


孝義

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/haːu̯³³ jiː²²/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/hau¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡi³³/

/hau²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡi³³/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/haːu̯³³ jiː²²/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/hau¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡi³³/

/hau²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡi³³/


新一

/ɕin⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jɐt̚⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jɐt̚⁵/

(～村) Xinyi (a village in Xinshi, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


利通

→ English: Litong

/li⁵¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/li⁵¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Litong (a district of Wuzhong, Ningxia autonomous region, China)


尚志

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² t͡siː³³/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² t͡siː³³/

The city was named after Chinese military commander 趙尚志 (Zhao Shangzhi).

named-after

(～市) Shangzhi (a county-level city of Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)


高明

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kɔ³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kɔ³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

(～區) Gaoming (a district of Foshan, Guangdong, China)


南雄

/nän³⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ hʊŋ²¹/

/nän³⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ hʊŋ²¹/

(～市) Nanxiong (a county-level city of Shaoguan, Guangdong, China)


大河

(～鎮) Dahe (a town in Laifeng, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)

(～鄉) Dahe (a township in Wuxi, Chongqing, China)


崇明

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/sʊŋ²¹ mɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/sʊŋ²¹ mɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

(～島) Chongming Island (an island of the Yangtze in Chongming district, Shanghai, China)

(～區, formerly ～縣, ～州, ～鎮) Chongming (a district of Shanghai, China; a former county, prefecture and town)


昌都

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཆབ་མདོ (chab mdo).

(～市, formerly ～地區) Chamdo, Qamdo (a prefecture-level city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China, formerly a prefecture)

(historical) (～縣) Chamdo, Qamdo (a former county of Chamdo prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China; now Karuo district of the prefecture-level city of Chamdo)


政和

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ wɔː²¹/

/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuo⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ho²⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ wɔː²¹/

/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuo⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ho²⁴/

(～縣) Zhenghe (a county of Nanping, Fujian, China)


陽光

/jɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ˈiɔŋ³⁵ kuɔŋ⁴²/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/iaŋ¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/iaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kuaŋ³³/

/ɦiã²² kuɑ̃⁴⁴/

/jɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ˈiɔŋ³⁵ kuɔŋ⁴²/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/iaŋ¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/iaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kuaŋ³³/

/ɦiã²² kuɑ̃⁴⁴/

(～社區) Yangguang (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


昌平

→ English: Changping

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Changping (a district and former county of Beijing, China)


上田

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

In reference to the Japanese place, an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 上田 (Ueda).

obor

(～郷) Shangtian (a former township in Shanxi, China), now Yanmenguan (雁門關)


江口

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ³³ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁴¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ³³ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁴¹/

(～縣) Jiangkou (a county of Tongren prefecture, Guizhou, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Hanjiang district, Putian, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Yingshang, Fuyang, Anhui, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Ganxian district, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Hengnan, Hengyang, Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Dongkou, Shaoyang, Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Wulong district, Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Yunyang, Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Jiange, Guangyuan, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Pingchang, Bazhong, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Liuba, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Ningshan, Ankang, Shaanxi, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Guiping, Guigang, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, China)

(～街道) Jiangkou (a subdistrict of Pengshan district, Meishan, Sichuan, China)

(～街道) Jiangkou (a subdistrict of Fengkai, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China)

(～街道) Jiangkou (a subdistrict of Fenghua district, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)

(～街道) Jiangkou (a subdistrict of Huangyan district, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China)

(～街道) Jiangkou (a subdistrict of Guichi district, Chizhou, Anhui, China)

(～街道) Jiangkou (a subdistrict of Pingchang, Bazhong, Sichuan, China)

(～鄉) Jiangkou (a township in Beihu district, Chenzhou, Hunan, China)

(～鄉) Jiangkou (a township in Tongdao Dong, Huaihua, Hunan, China)

(～鄉) Jiangkou (a township in Luzhai, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, China)

(～鄉) Jiangkou (a township in Li, Longnan, Gansu, China)


大川

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Dachuan (a town in Maojian district, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


大田

/tä⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰiːn²¹/

/tai¹¹ t͡sʰɛŋ¹³/

/tai²¹ t͡sʰɛŋ²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɛn²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰan²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tiɛn²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰan¹³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɛn¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tiɛn²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰan²³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tiɛn²³/

/tä⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰiːn²¹/

/tai¹¹ t͡sʰɛŋ¹³/

/tai²¹ t͡sʰɛŋ²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɛn²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰan²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tiɛn²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰan¹³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɛn¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tiɛn²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰan²³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tiɛn²³/

(～縣) Datian (a county of Sanming, Fujian, China)


大橋

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/taːi̯²² kʰiːu̯²¹/

/du²² d͡ʑiɔ⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/taːi̯²² kʰiːu̯²¹/

/du²² d͡ʑiɔ⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Daqiao (a town in Dingyuan, Chuzhou, Anhui, China)

(～鎮) Daqiao (a town in Gutian, Ningde, Fujian, China)

(～村) Daqiao (a village in Gaocheng, Sui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)


大城

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɪŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ saŋ¹¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ siã²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ siã¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/tua¹¹ sĩã⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɪŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ saŋ¹¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ siã²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ siã¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/tua¹¹ sĩã⁵⁵/

/taɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siã²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siã¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/taɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɪŋ²¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siã²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siã¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

(～縣) Daicheng (a county of Langfang, Hebei, China)


金田

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

(～鎮) Jintian (a town in Guiping, Guigang, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～社區) Jintian (a residential community in Jintian, Guiping, Guigang, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～村) Jintian (a village in Jintian, Guiping, Guigang, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


北川

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

羌族自治縣 羌族自治縣#Chinese

(～羌族自治縣, ～縣) Beichuan (a Qiang autonomous county in Mianyang, Sichuan, China)


高田

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

(～鎮) Gaotian (a town in Yangshuo, Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


永川

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Yongchuan (a district of Chongqing, China)


長島

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ tou̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ tou̯³⁵/

(～縣) Changdao (a former county of Yantai, Shandong, China, now part of Penglai District)


中原

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (中原):
* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)原(げん) (Chūgen)
* → Korean: 중원(中原) (Jung'won)
* → Vietnamese: Trung Nguyên (中原)

→ English: Central Plain, Zhongyuan

→ Zhuang: Cunghyenz

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ yæ̃²⁴/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/

/t͡suŋ²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/t͡suŋ²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/tyŋ⁵⁵ ŋuoŋ⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²³/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ ŋueŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ yæ̃²⁴/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/

/t͡suŋ²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/t͡suŋ²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/tyŋ⁵⁵ ŋuoŋ⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²³/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ ŋueŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Zhongyuan (a district of Zhengzhou, Henan, China)

(～街道) Zhongyuan (a subdistrict of Fancheng district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


西山

Sino-Xenic (西山):
* → Japanese: 西山(にしやま) (Nishiyama)
* → Korean: 서산(西山) (Seosan)
* → Vietnamese: Tây Sơn (西山)

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～島) Xishan (an island in Lake Tai administered as part of Suzhou, Jiangsu, China)

(～鎮) Xishan (former name of 金庭 (Jīntíng) (= Jinting): a town on Xishan Island in Suzhou, Jiangsu, China)

(～街道) Xishan (a subdistrict of Echeng district, Ezhou, Hubei, China)


新田

/ɕin⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

(～縣) Xintian (a county of Yongzhou, Hunan, China)


平川

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Pingchuan (a district of Baiyin, Gansu, China)

(～村) Pingchuan (a village in Shihua, Gucheng, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


平林

/pʰɪŋ²¹ lɐm²¹/

/pẽ²³⁻³³ nã²³/

/pĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ nã²⁴/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ lɐm²¹/

/pẽ²³⁻³³ nã²³/

/pĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ nã²⁴/

(～鎮) Pinglin (a town in Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


平山

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Pingshan (a county of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China)


福田

/fu³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/hok̚²⁻⁴ t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/

/fu³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/hok̚²⁻⁴ t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit पुण्यक्षेत्र (puṇyakṣetra), from पुण्य (puṇya, “merit”) + क्षेत्र (kṣetra, “field”).

cal

पुण्यक्षेत्र

compound

(～區) Futian (a district of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Futian (a town in Wushan, Chongqing, China)


福山

/fu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/fu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～區) Fushan (a district of Yantai, Shandong, China)

(～鎮) Fushan (a town in Chengmai, Hainan, China)


舟山

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sieu⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/t͡sɤ⁵⁵ se²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sieu⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/t͡sɤ⁵⁵ se²¹/

(～島) Zhoushan (an island of Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China)

(～市) Zhoushan (a prefecture-level city of Zhejiang, China)


古城

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(～街道) Gucheng (a subdistrict of Xiangcheng district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～社區) Gucheng (a community in Chengzhong, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～村) Gucheng (a village in Gangwei, Longhai, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)


古田

→ English: Gutian, Kucheng

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/kʰɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ^((t͡sʰ-))lɛŋ¹³/

/kʰɔu³³²⁻⁵⁵ ^((t͡sʰ-))lɛŋ²⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/kʰɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ^((t͡sʰ-))lɛŋ¹³/

/kʰɔu³³²⁻⁵⁵ ^((t͡sʰ-))lɛŋ²⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰan²⁴/

(～縣) Gutian (a county of Ningde, Fujian, China)


古田

→ English: Gutian

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

(～鎮) Gutian (a town in Shanghang, Longyan, Fujian, China)


牧野

/mu⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mʊk̚² jɛː¹³/

/mu⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mʊk̚² jɛː¹³/

(～區) Muye (a district of Xinxiang, Henan, China) (known for the Battle of Muye)


永吉

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ kɐt̚⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ kɐt̚⁵/

(～縣) Yongji (a county of Jilin City, Jilin, China)


松浦

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～街道) Songpu (a subdistrict of Songbei district, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)


松原

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～市) Songyuan (a prefecture-level city of Jilin, China)


三原

/sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～縣) Sanyuan (a county of Xianyang, Shaanxi, China)


宮西

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

(～村) Gongxi (a village in Haidao, Xiapu, Ningde, Fujian, China)


安居

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

/on²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

/on²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

(～鎮) Anju (a town in Sui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)


和田

/xɤ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/wɔː²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

/xɤ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/wɔː²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

Homophonous replacement for 和闐／和阗 (Hétián) from 1959; Uyghur خوتەن (xoten).

zh-l

和闐／和阗 (Hétián)

(～河) Hotan River (a river in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～地區) Hotan (a prefecture of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～市) Hotan (a county-level city of Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～縣) Hotan (a county of Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


路口

/lu⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu⁵¹ kʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lou̯²² hɐu̯³⁵/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ⁴¹⁻²² kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ³³⁻¹¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ³³⁻²¹ kʰau⁴¹/

/lu⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu⁵¹ kʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lou̯²² hɐu̯³⁵/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ⁴¹⁻²² kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ³³⁻¹¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ³³⁻²¹ kʰau⁴¹/

(～鎮) Lukou (a town in Huangzhou district, Huanggang, Hubei, China)


會澤

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

(～縣) Huize (a county of Qujing, Yunnan, China)


青田

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

(～縣) Qingtian (a county of Lishui, Zhejiang, China)


高崎

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² kia²⁴/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² kia²⁴/

(～村) Gaoqi (a village in Huli district, Xiamen, Fujian, China)


石橋

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kʰiːu̯²¹/

/ɬieu¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu¹³/

/ɬieu²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu²⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiɤ²³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kʰiːu̯²¹/

/ɬieu¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu¹³/

/ɬieu²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu²⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiɤ²³/

(～鎮) Shiqiao (a town in Xiangzhou district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


三明

/sän⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/saŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/ɬaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/

/ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/

/sam²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/sän⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/saŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/ɬaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/

/ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/

/sam²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

(～市) Sanming (a prefecture-level city of Fujian, China)


河西

/hɔː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² se³³/

/ho¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ se⁴⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/hɔː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² se³³/

/ho¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ se⁴⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

(～區) Hexi (a district of Tianjin, China)

(～街道) Hexi (a subdistrict of Golmud, Haixi prefecture, Qinghai, China)


新屋

/ɕin⁵⁵ uɻʷ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ ʊk̚⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔk̚³²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ uɻʷ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ ʊk̚⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔk̚³²/

(～村) Xinwu (a village in Gaocheng, Sui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)


仙女

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ nyə̯ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːn⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lu⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

/siɛn³³ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ nyə̯ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːn⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lu⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

/siɛn³³ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

(～鎮) Xiannü (a town in Zhijiang, Yichang, Hubei, China)


保安

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/po⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ aŋ⁵³³/

/po³³²⁻²¹ aŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ an³³/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/po⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ aŋ⁵³³/

/po³³²⁻²¹ aŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ an³³/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Bao'an (a town in Ningyuan, Yongzhou, Hunan, China)

(～縣) Bao'an (a former county of Shaanxi, China; now Zhidan (志丹) county, Shaanxi, China)


武陵

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵/

/mou̯¹³ lɪŋ²¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/bu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ¹³/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵/

/mou̯¹³ lɪŋ²¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/bu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ¹³/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²³/

(～區) Wuling (a district of Changde, Hunan, China)

(historical) (～縣) Wuling (a former county of Hunan, China, renamed Changde in 1913)

(～村) Wuling (a village in Likou, Qimen, Huangshan, Anhui, China)


新津

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Xinjin District (a district of Chengdu, Sichuan, China)


安西

/ˀän⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) (historical) Anxi (a former county of Gansu, China; modern Guazhou)


順平

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

(～縣) Shunping (a county of Baoding, Hebei, China)


孝感

→ English: Hsiao-kan, Siaokan, Xiaogan

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ kän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haːu̯³³ kɐm³⁵/

/hau²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾aŋ³³/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kam⁵⁵⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ kän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haːu̯³³ kɐm³⁵/

/hau²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾aŋ³³/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kam⁵⁵⁴/

Huang-p'o is treacherous, and Hsiao-kan is cunning, but Han-ch'uan is both treacherous and cunning.

1922, E. T. C. Werner, Chinese Ditties, page 4

jiān Huángpí, jiǎo Xiàogǎn, yòu jiān yòu jiǎo shì Hànchuān

奸黃陂 狡孝感 又奸又狡是漢川

奸黄陂 狡孝感 又奸又狡是汉川

(～市) Xiaogan (a prefecture-level city of Hubei, China)


對面

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tɵy̯³³ miːn²²/

/tøy²¹³⁻⁵³ mɛiŋ²¹³/

/tui⁴²⁻⁵⁵ miŋ⁴²/

/tui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bin⁴¹/

/tui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ miŋ¹¹/

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tɵy̯³³ miːn²²/

/tøy²¹³⁻⁵³ mɛiŋ²¹³/

/tui⁴²⁻⁵⁵ miŋ⁴²/

/tui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bin⁴¹/

/tui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ miŋ¹¹/

(～村) Duimian (a village in Sanhe, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


光輝

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ fɐi̯⁵⁵/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fi²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ hui³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ hui³³/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ fɐi̯⁵⁵/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fi²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ hui³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/

/kuaŋ³³⁻²³ hui³³/

(～村) Guanghui (a village in Likou, Qimen, Huangshan, Anhui, China)


清明

ryu-r

清明(しーみー) (Shīmī)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (清明):
* → Japanese: 清明(せいめい) (Seimei)
* → Okinawan: 清明(しーみー) (Shīmī)
* → Korean: 청명(淸明) (Cheongmyeong)
* → Vietnamese: Thanh minh (清明)

→ Indonesian: cengbeng

desc

→ Thai: เชงเม้ง (cheng-méng), เช็งเม้ง (cheng-méng)

→ Khmer: ឆេងម៉េង (cheengmeeng)

→ Zhuang: Cingmingz

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴ mi̯aŋ¹¹/

/t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ min¹¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ¹¹ miŋ¹¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/t͡sʰia⁵³³⁻¹¹ mia¹³/

/t͡sʰĩã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ mia²⁴/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ miã²⁴/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² miã²⁴/

/t͡sʰuĩ³³ miã²⁴/

/t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² miã¹³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ meŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴ mi̯aŋ¹¹/

/t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ min¹¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ¹¹ miŋ¹¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/t͡sʰia⁵³³⁻¹¹ mia¹³/

/t͡sʰĩã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ mia²⁴/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ miã²⁴/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² miã²⁴/

/t͡sʰuĩ³³ miã²⁴/

/t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² miã¹³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ meŋ⁵⁵/

:zh:逸周書
Classic of Rites
Guoyu (book)
Shijing
Xunzi

From 清 (OC *sʰleŋ, “clear; pure”) + 明 (OC *mraŋ, “bright”). Attested in Shijing ("(of governance) to be methodical, orderly"), Xunzi ("(of water) clear and bright"), Classic of Rites ("sober, calm"; "(of voice) clear"), Lost Book of Zhou ("(the date of) Qingming, from brightness, clearness of the scenery"), Guoyu ("southeasterly winds").

立春、雨水、驚蟄

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Spring

立夏、小滿

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Summer

立秋、處暑

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Autumn

立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒

二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Winter

(～村) Qingming (a village in Wanquan, Honghu, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


港口

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁴¹/

/kaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ kʰau⁵²⁻²¹/

/kɑ̃³³ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁴¹/

/kaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ kʰau⁵²⁻²¹/

/kɑ̃³³ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

(～區) Gangkou (a district of Fangchenggang, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


競秀

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

(～區) Jingxiu (a district of Baoding, Hebei, China)


廬江

/lu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lou̯²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/lu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lou̯²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Lujiang (a county of Hefei, Anhui, China)


丹陽

/tän⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/taːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/tän⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/taːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

Danyang (a county-level city of Jiangsu, China)

(～鎮) Danyang (a town in Lianjiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)

(～社區) Danyang (a residential community in Maoping, Zigui, Yichang, Hubei, China)


涇縣

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²²/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²²/

Jing County (a county of Xuancheng, Anhui, China)


平定

/pʰiŋ³⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ tɪŋ²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴¹/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ³³/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ tiɪŋ³³/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ tɪŋ²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴¹/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ³³/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ tiɪŋ³³/

(～縣) Pingding (a county of Yangquan, Shanxi, China)


舒城

/ʂu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/syː⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/ʂu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/syː⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Shucheng (a county of Lu'an, Anhui, China)


白虎

/paɪ̯³⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɔ⁴¹/

/peʔ⁴⁻² hõũ⁵²/

/paɪ̯³⁵ xu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɔ⁴¹/

/peʔ⁴⁻² hõũ⁵²/

(～村) Baihu (a village in Wulipu, Shayang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


玄武

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (玄武):
* → Japanese: 玄(げん)武(ぶ) (genbu)
* → Korean: 현무(玄武) (hyeonmu)
* → Vietnamese: Huyền Vũ (玄武)

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/hiɛn²³⁻³³ bu⁴¹/

/ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hiɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/hiɛn²³⁻³³ bu⁴¹/

(～區) Xuanwu (a district of Nanjing, Jiangsu, China)


牟平

/mu⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/mʊk̚² pʰɪŋ²¹/

/mu⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/mʊk̚² pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Muping (a district of Yantai, Shandong, China)


廟宇

/mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/miːu̯²² jyː¹³/

/bio⁴¹⁻²² u⁵⁵⁴/

/bio²²⁻²¹ u⁵³/

/bio³³⁻¹¹ u⁵³/

/biɤ³³⁻²¹ u⁴¹/

/bio²²⁻²¹ i⁵³/

/miɔ²² ɦy⁴⁴/

/mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/miːu̯²² jyː¹³/

/bio⁴¹⁻²² u⁵⁵⁴/

/bio²²⁻²¹ u⁵³/

/bio³³⁻¹¹ u⁵³/

/biɤ³³⁻²¹ u⁴¹/

/bio²²⁻²¹ i⁵³/

/miɔ²² ɦy⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Miaoyu (a town in Wushan, Chongqing, China)


神木

/ʂən³⁵ mu⁵¹/

/sɐn²¹ mʊk̚²/

/sin²⁴⁻²² bɔk̚⁴/

/sin²⁴⁻²² bɔk̚²⁴/

/sin¹³⁻²² bɔk̚¹²¹/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔk̚⁴/

/sin²³⁻³³ bɔk̚⁴/

/ʂən³⁵ mu⁵¹/

/sɐn²¹ mʊk̚²/

/sin²⁴⁻²² bɔk̚⁴/

/sin²⁴⁻²² bɔk̚²⁴/

/sin¹³⁻²² bɔk̚¹²¹/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔk̚⁴/

/sin²³⁻³³ bɔk̚⁴/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Shenmu (a county-level city and former county of Yulin, Shaanxi, China)


松滋

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

(～市) Songzi (a county-level city of Jingzhou, Hubei, China) (in southwest Hubei province)

(～縣) (historical) Songzi (a county of Jingzhou, Hubei, China) (in southwest Hubei province)


廬山

/lu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² suã³³/

/lɔ¹³⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/lɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ suã⁴⁴/

/lɔ²³⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/lu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² suã³³/

/lɔ¹³⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/lɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ suã⁴⁴/

/lɔ²³⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

(～市) Lushan (a county-level city of Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China)


嘉興

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka³³ hiɪŋ³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka³³ hiɪŋ³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

(～市) Jiaxing (a prefecture-level city of Zhejiang, China)


金石

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ sɛːk̚²/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪk̚⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ sɛːk̚²/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪk̚⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

(～鎮) Jinshi (a town in Chao'an district, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China)


餘杭

/jyː²¹ hɔːŋ²¹/

/ɦy²² ɦɑ̃⁴⁴/

/jyː²¹ hɔːŋ²¹/

/ɦy²² ɦɑ̃⁴⁴/

Probably an Old Chinese transcription of an original Baiyue name, but folk etymologized as deriving from 禹航 (Yǔ Háng, “Yu's ferry”).
Li (1995) considers 餘 (OC *la) to be derived from a Kra-Dai substrate word. Compare Proto-Tai *rɤjᴮ (“dry field”), whence Zhuang reih and Thai ไร่ (râi). Alternatively, Zhengzhang (1990) suggests it may be derived from Proto-Kam-Sui *ra (“field; farmland”), whence Southern Kam jav (/ja⁵/), Sui qxgas (/ʔɣa⁵/), Maonan yras (/ʔja⁵/). This element is also seen in 餘姚／余姚 (Yúyáo).

zh-l

餘姚／余姚 (Yúyáo)

(historical) (～縣) Yuhang (a former county of Zhejiang, China)

(～區) Yuhang (a district of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


餘姚

/y³⁵ jɑʊ̯³⁵/

/jyː²¹ jiːu̯²¹/

/y³⁵ jɑʊ̯³⁵/

/jyː²¹ jiːu̯²¹/

餘 (OC *la) is thought to be the same as the first syllable in 餘杭, and may be derived from a Kra-Dai substrate word. See 餘杭 for more.

(～市) Yuyao (a county-level city of Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)

(～村) Yuyao (a village in Zhucheng, Xinzhou district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


燕子

/jɛn⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/iɛn²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/ie⁴⁵ t͡səʔ⁴/

/i³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/i̯ẽ⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/i̯ɛn³²⁴⁻³¹ t͡sz̩³/

/jɛn⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/iɛn²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/ie⁴⁵ t͡səʔ⁴/

/i³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/i̯ẽ⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/i̯ɛn³²⁴⁻³¹ t͡sz̩³/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Yanzi (a town and former township in Hefeng, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


長壽

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²⁴ ʂou⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ sɐu̯²²/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ su⁵⁵/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ siu³³/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² siu⁴¹/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ siu³³/

/tŋ̍¹³⁻²² siu²²/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² siu²²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siu⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ siu³³/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siu²²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siu³³/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² siu²²/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siu¹¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²⁴ ʂou⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ sɐu̯²²/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ su⁵⁵/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ siu³³/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² siu⁴¹/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ siu³³/

/tŋ̍¹³⁻²² siu²²/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² siu²²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siu⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ siu³³/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siu²²/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siu³³/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² siu²²/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siu¹¹/

(～區) Changshou (a district of Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Changshou (a town in Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)

(～社區) Changshou (a residential community in Changshou, Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)

(～村) Changshou (a village in Changshou, Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


宣城

/ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/syːn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/souŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niaŋ⁵³/

/suan⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/suan⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/

/suan⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/

/suan⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ zən²¹/

/ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/syːn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/souŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niaŋ⁵³/

/suan⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/suan⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/

/suan⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/

/suan⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ zən²¹/

(～市) Xuancheng (a prefecture-level city of Anhui, China)


上京

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²² kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²² kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ¹³ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kin²⁴/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ¹³ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kin²⁴/

(～鎮) Shangjing (a town in Datian, Sanming, Fujian, China)


天星

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰin³³ ɬɪŋ³³/

/tʰĩ³³⁴ san³³⁴/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰin³³ ɬɪŋ³³/

/tʰĩ³³⁴ san³³⁴/

(～街道, formerly ～鎮) Tianxing (a subdistrict and former town in Qu County, Dazhou, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Tianxing (a town in Daguan, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China)

(～鄉) Tianxing (a township in Wuxi, Chongqing, China)


友愛

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɐu̯¹³ ɔːi̯³³/

/i̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ oi̯⁵⁵/

/(j)i̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ oi̯⁵⁵/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai²¹/

/iu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ai⁴¹/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai²¹/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai¹¹/

/iu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ai²¹/

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

/jɐu̯¹³ ɔːi̯³³/

/i̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ oi̯⁵⁵/

/(j)i̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ oi̯⁵⁵/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai²¹/

/iu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ai⁴¹/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai²¹/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai¹¹/

/iu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ai²¹/

(～村) You'ai (a village in Zhashan, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


白露

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (白露):
* → Japanese: 白(はく)露(ろ) (hakuro)
* → Korean: 백로(白露) (baengno)
* → Vietnamese: bạch lộ (白露)

/paɪ̯³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/pɛ²¹ nu²¹³/

/ˈpʰɛt̚⁵ lu¹¹/

/paʔ⁵⁻²¹ l̃ou²¹³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ lɔ³³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lɔ³³/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² lɔ⁴¹/

/piɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/pɤ̞²⁴ ləu̯²¹⁻¹¹/

/paɪ̯³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/pɛ²¹ nu²¹³/

/ˈpʰɛt̚⁵ lu¹¹/

/paʔ⁵⁻²¹ l̃ou²¹³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ lɔ³³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ lɔ³³/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² lɔ⁴¹/

/piɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/pɤ̞²⁴ ləu̯²¹⁻¹¹/

(～村) Bailu (a village in Xinshi, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


板金

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

(～村) Banjin (a village in Bofan, Anlu, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


豐滿

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ män²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ muːn¹³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² buan⁵³/

/hɔŋ³³ buan⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ buan⁴¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ buan⁵³/

/hɔŋ³³ muã⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² muã⁵³/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ män²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ muːn¹³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² buan⁵³/

/hɔŋ³³ buan⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ buan⁴¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ buan⁵³/

/hɔŋ³³ muã⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² muã⁵³/

(～區) Fengman (a district of Jilin City, Jilin Province, China)


白水

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːk̚² sɵy̯³⁵/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːk̚² sɵy̯³⁵/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sui⁵³/

(～縣) Baishui (a county of Weinan, Shaanxi, China)


學府

/ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːk̚² fuː³⁵/

/hak̚⁴⁻³² hu⁵³/

/hak̚²⁴⁻² hu⁵⁵⁴/

/hak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hu⁵³/

/hak̚⁴⁻³² hu⁵³/

/hak̚⁴⁻³² hu⁴¹/

/ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːk̚² fuː³⁵/

/hak̚⁴⁻³² hu⁵³/

/hak̚²⁴⁻² hu⁵⁵⁴/

/hak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hu⁵³/

/hak̚⁴⁻³² hu⁵³/

/hak̚⁴⁻³² hu⁴¹/

(～社區) Xuefu (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


白玉

Phono-semantic matching of Tibetan དཔལ་ཡུལ (dpal yul).

psm

/paɪ̯³⁵ y⁵¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ɡiɪk̚²⁴/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚¹²¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

/paɪ̯³⁵ y⁵¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ɡiɪk̚²⁴/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚¹²¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

(～縣) Baiyu County (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


白玉

Phono-semantic matching of Tibetan སྦས་ཡུལ (sbas yul, “hidden valley”).

/paɪ̯³⁵ y⁵¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ɡiɪk̚²⁴/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚¹²¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

/paɪ̯³⁵ y⁵¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ɡiɪk̚²⁴/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚¹²¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/

Beyul Khenpajong
Beyul Khenpajong#English

(～地區) Beyul Khenpajong (a disputed region in Lhozhag, Shannan, Tibet Autonomous Region, China, also claimed by Bhutan)


信陽

→ English: Hsin-yang, Xinyang

/ɕin⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/sɵn³³ jœːŋ²¹/

/siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋyoŋ⁵³/

/sin²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sin²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ¹³/

/sin¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sin²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ²³/

/ɕin³³ ɦiã⁴⁴/

/ɕin⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/sɵn³³ jœːŋ²¹/

/siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋyoŋ⁵³/

/sin²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sin²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ¹³/

/sin¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sin²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ²³/

/ɕin³³ ɦiã⁴⁴/

(～市) Xinyang (a prefecture-level city of Henan, China)


西寧

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (西寧):
* → Japanese: 西寧(せいねい) (Seinei)
* → Korean: 서녕(西寧) (Seonyeong)

→ English: Xining, Sining, Hsi-ning

/ɕi⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/ɕi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ nɛn¹¹/

/ɬe⁵³³⁻¹¹ nɛŋ¹³/

/ɬe⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ nɛŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/se³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/ɕi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ nɛn¹¹/

/ɬe⁵³³⁻¹¹ nɛŋ¹³/

/ɬe⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ nɛŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/se³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

; "Xining": Coined in 1104 with the establishment of 西寧州 (“Xining prefecture”), intended to convey the meaning "peaceful western frontier". Compare 西零 (MC sej len).

(～市) Xining (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Qinghai, China)

(historical) (～縣) Xining (a former county of Guangdong, China; now Yunan, Guangdong)


銀川

desc

→ English: Yin-ch'uan, Yinchuan, Yinchwan

/in³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/iŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰuæ̃²⁴/

/ŋɐn²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/ŋyŋ¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰœŋ⁵³³/

ngyng² cyoeng¹ [Phonetic:ngyng⁵ cyoeng¹]

/ŋyŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/ɡun²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰuan³³/

/ɡun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/ɡun²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/ɡin²³⁻³³ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/ɡin¹³⁻²² t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/in³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/iŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰuæ̃²⁴/

/ŋɐn²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/ŋyŋ¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰœŋ⁵³³/

/ŋyŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/ɡun²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰuan³³/

/ɡun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/ɡun²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/ɡin²³⁻³³ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/ɡin¹³⁻²² t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

(～市) Yinchuan (a prefecture-level city, the regional capital of the Ningxia autonomous region, China)


黑海

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hai⁵³/

/həʔ³³ he⁴⁴/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hai⁵³/

/həʔ³³ he⁴⁴/

Lake Heihai (a lake in Golmud, Haixi prefecture, Qinghai, China)


新生

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sin³³ sŋ̍³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/sin³³ sŋ̍³³/

(～村) Xinsheng (a village in Sandouping, Yiling district, Yichang, Hubei, China)


安康

/ˀän⁵⁵ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an³³ kʰɔŋ³³/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ kʰaŋ³³/

/ˀän⁵⁵ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an³³ kʰɔŋ³³/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ kʰaŋ³³/

(～市) Ankang (a prefecture-level city of Shaanxi, China)


航天

/xɑŋ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/hɔːŋ²¹ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn³³/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/haŋ¹³⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰĩ³³/

/xɑŋ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/hɔːŋ²¹ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn³³/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/haŋ¹³⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰĩ³³/

(～鎮) Hangtian (a town in Jinta, Jiuquan, Gansu, China)


天鵝

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀɤ³⁵/

/tʰiæ̃²⁴ ŋə²⁴/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ ŋɔː²¹/

/tʰi̯en²⁴ ŋo¹¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɡo²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ ɡo²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɡo¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡo²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡɤ²³/

/tʰi⁵⁵ ŋu²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀɤ³⁵/

/tʰiæ̃²⁴ ŋə²⁴/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ ŋɔː²¹/

/tʰi̯en²⁴ ŋo¹¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɡo²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ ɡo²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɡo¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡo²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡɤ²³/

/tʰi⁵⁵ ŋu²¹/

(～鎮) Tian'e (a town in Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


淄博

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ pɔːk̚³/

/t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɑuʔ²⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡su³³ pʰɔk̚⁵/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡sɯ³³⁻²³ pʰak̚²/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ poʔ²¹/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ pɔːk̚³/

/t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɑuʔ²⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡su³³ pʰɔk̚⁵/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡sɯ³³⁻²³ pʰak̚²/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ poʔ²¹/

(～市) Zibo (a prefecture-level city in central Shandong, China)


鞍山

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

(～市) Anshan (a prefecture-level city of Liaoning, China)


保定

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵¹/

/pou̯³⁵ tɪŋ²²/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵¹/

/pou̯³⁵ tɪŋ²²/

(～市) Baoding (a prefecture-level city of Hebei, China; the former provincial capital of Zhili during the Qing dynasty, and Hebei from 1949 to 1958 and 1966 to 1968)


包頭

→ English: Baotou, Pao-t'ou, Paotow

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ (buɣutu), from ᠪᠤᠭᠤ (buɣu, “deer”) / буга (buga) + -ᠲᠤ (-tu, “place where ... is”)

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/paːu̯⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/pau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/pau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴/

/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³/

/pau³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵/

/pɒu̯³³ təu̯¹³/

/pɤ⁴⁴ di̯ɤ¹³⁻³³/

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/paːu̯⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/pau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/pau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴/

/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³/

/pau³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵/

/pɒu̯³³ təu̯¹³/

/pɤ⁴⁴ di̯ɤ¹³⁻³³/

(～市) Baotou (a prefecture-level city, the largest city in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, in northern China)


園藝

/jyːn²¹ ŋɐi̯²²/

/uan²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡe³³/

/uan²⁴⁻²² ɡe²²/

/uan¹³⁻²² ɡe²²/

/uan²⁴⁻²² ɡe⁴¹/

/uan²³⁻³³ ɡe³³/

/hŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ɡe⁴¹/

/hŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡe³³/

/hŋ̍²³⁻³³ ɡe³³/

/hŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ɡe²²/

/huĩ¹³⁻²² ɡe²²/

/hŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡoi¹¹/

/jyːn²¹ ŋɐi̯²²/

/uan²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡe³³/

/uan²⁴⁻²² ɡe²²/

/uan¹³⁻²² ɡe²²/

/uan²⁴⁻²² ɡe⁴¹/

/uan²³⁻³³ ɡe³³/

/hŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ɡe⁴¹/

/hŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡe³³/

/hŋ̍²³⁻³³ ɡe³³/

/hŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ɡe²²/

/huĩ¹³⁻²² ɡe²²/

/hŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡoi¹¹/

(～村) Yuanyi (a village in Sandouping, Yiling district, Yichang, Hubei, China)


大慶

→ English: Daqing, Taching, Ta-ch'ing

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² hɪŋ³³/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² hɪŋ³³/

(～市) Daqing (a prefecture-level city of Heilongjiang, China)


新造

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡so²²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡so²²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡so³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɤ³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡so²²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡so²²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡so³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɤ³³/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰou̯¹³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰou̯¹³/

(～鎮) Xinzao (a town in Panyu district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)


高句麗

→ English: Gaogouli, Kaokouli, Kao-kou-li

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ koʊ̯⁵⁵ li³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯⁵⁵ lei̯²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ koʊ̯⁵⁵ li³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯⁵⁵ lei̯²¹/

(historical) Goguryeo (an ancient kingdom in modern Korea, one of the Three Kingdoms, existing from 37 BCE to 668 C.E.; at its maximum covering all of North Korea, the northern part of South Korea, parts of Manchuria in northeast China, and parts of Primorsky Krai in Russia)


金山

→ English: Chinshan, Jinshan, → Gold Mountain (calque)

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kim³³ san³³⁻³³⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kim³³ san³³⁻³³⁵/

For some geographical locations, the name refers to the gold rush in the 19th century. (The term is being used loosely for any place of great chances for wealth in a similar fashion to the English "gold mine".)

(～區, formerly ～縣) Jinshan (a district and former county of Shanghai, China)


興業

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ jiːp̚²/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ jiːp̚²/

(～縣) Xingye (a county of Yulin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


三河

/sän⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ ho²⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/sän⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ ho²⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ²³/

(～市) Sanhe (a county-level city of Langfang, Hebei, China)


白河

/paɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/paːk̚² hɔː²¹/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ho¹³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɤ²³/

/paɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/paːk̚² hɔː²¹/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ho¹³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɤ²³/

(～縣) Baihe (a county of Ankang, Shaanxi, China)


公益

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ jɪk̚⁵/

/kɔŋ³³ iak̚⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ iak̚⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪk̚³²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɪk̚³²/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ iaʔ²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ jɪk̚⁵/

/kɔŋ³³ iak̚⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ iak̚⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪk̚³²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɪk̚³²/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ iaʔ²/

(～村) Gongyi (a village in Yonglong, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


五常

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ sœːŋ²¹/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²³/

/ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ¹³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ sœːŋ²¹/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²³/

/ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ¹³/

(～市) Wuchang (a county-level city of Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)

(～鎮) Wuchang (a town in Wuchang City, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)

(～街道) Wuchang (a subdistrict of Yuhang district, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


金沙

→ English: Chinsha, Chin-sha, Chin Sha, Jinsha, Kinsha

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵/

(～縣) Jinsha County (a county of Bijie, Guizhou, China)


黑水

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

(～鎮) Heshui (a town in Jianping, Chaoyang, Liaoning, China)

(～鎮) Heshui (a town in Taonan, Baicheng, Jilin, China)

(～鎮) Heshui (a town in Youyang, Chongqing, China)

(～縣) Heshui (a county of Ngawa prefecture, Sichuan, China)


兵營

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (兵營):
* → Japanese: 兵営(へいえい) (heiei)
* → Korean: 병영(兵營) (byeong'yeong)

/piŋ⁵⁵ iŋ³⁵/

/pɪŋ⁵⁵ jɪŋ²¹/

/pin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ iaŋ¹¹/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ³³ iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iã¹³/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iã²³/

/pĩã³³⁻²³ ĩã⁵⁵/

/piŋ⁵⁵ iŋ³⁵/

/pɪŋ⁵⁵ jɪŋ²¹/

/pin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ iaŋ¹¹/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ³³ iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iã¹³/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iã²³/

/pĩã³³⁻²³ ĩã⁵⁵/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Bingying (a town in Zhuxi, Shiyan, Hubei, China, formerly a township)


西江

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

From its location relative to the main course of the Pearl River.

(～鄉) Xijiang (a township in Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


鄂州

→ English: Ezhou, O-chou

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ŋouʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sieu⁵⁵/

/ɡɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɡɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡siu³³/

/ɡɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɡɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɡɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ŋoʔ¹¹ t͡sɤ²³/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ŋouʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sieu⁵⁵/

/ɡɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɡɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡siu³³/

/ɡɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɡɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɡɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ŋoʔ¹¹ t͡sɤ²³/

(～市) Ezhou (a prefecture-level city of Hubei, China)

經濟技術開發區 經濟技術開發區#Chinese

(～經濟技術開發區) Ezhou (an economic and technological development zone in Ezhou, Hubei, China)


武昌

desc

→ English: Wuchang, Ou-tchang, Wu-ch'ang, Wu-chang, Voutchang

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mou̯¹³ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mou̯¹³ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

(～區) Wuchang (a district of Wuhan, Hubei, China)


金水

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐm⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐm⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

From 金 ("Jin dynasty") + 水 ("water", "river", "stream").

(～區) Jinshui (a district of Zhengzhou, Henan, China)


土城

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tʰou̯³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/tʰu³¹ saŋ¹¹/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ¹³⁻²² siã¹³/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ²³⁻³³ siã²³/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tʰou̯³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/tʰu³¹ saŋ¹¹/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ¹³⁻²² siã¹³/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ²³⁻³³ siã²³/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

a township in Wuxi County, Chongqing, China

(～鎮) Tucheng (a town in Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Tucheng (a town in Wuxi, Chongqing, China, formerly a township)

(～鄉) Tucheng (a township in Dianjun district, Yichang, Hubei, China)


登州

→ English: Dengzhou, Tengchow

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Dengzhou (a historical prefecture of Shandong, China, whose capital was located in present-day Penglai)


西湖

→ English: West Lake (calque)

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²³/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²³/

; “West Lake (in Hangzhou)”
; “Xihu District, Hangzhou”

West Lake (a lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)

(～區) Xihu (a district of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)

(～社區) Xihu (a residential community in Zhicheng, Yidu, Yichang, Hubei, China)

Slender West Lake
Slender West Lake#English

(inexact) synonym of 瘦西湖 (Shòuxīhú), Slender West Lake (a lake in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China)


太湖

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ wuː²¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ wuː²¹/

(～縣) Taihu (a county of Anqing, Anhui, China)


鄂城

→ English: Echeng, Ocheng, O-ch'eng

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² sɪŋ²¹/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² sɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Echeng (a district of Ezhou, Hubei, China)


禮縣

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/lɐi̯¹³ jyːn²²/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/lɐi̯¹³ jyːn²²/

Li County (a county of Longnan, Gansu, China)


龍山

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san³³/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san³³/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Longshan (a town in Zhangqiu district, Jinan, Shandong, China, where the Longshan culture was discovered)

(～縣) Longshan (a county of Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China)

(～區) Longshan (a district of Liaoyuan, Jilin, China)

(～鎮) Longshan (a town in Danjiangkou, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


貴港

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐi̯³³ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐi̯³³ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

(～市) Guigang (a prefecture-level city of the Guangxi autonomous region, China)


貴縣

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

(historical) Guixian, Gui County (a former county of Guangxi, China; now Guigang)


秦州

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～區) Qinzhou (a district of Tianshui, Gansu, China)


天水

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

(～市) Tianshui (a prefecture-level city of Gansu, China)

(～郡) (historical) Tianshui (a commandery ancient China)


二里頭

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

(～村) Erlitou (a village in Yanshi district, Luoyang, Henan, China), site of the Erlitou culture, sometimes identified with the Xia dynasty


富裕

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/fuː³³ jyː²²/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ lu³³/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ zu³³/

/pu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/pu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/fuː³³ jyː²²/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ lu³³/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ zu³³/

/pu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/pu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

(～街道) Fuyu Subdistrict (a subdistrict of Jilin, China)


富裕

Adapted from the name of the Wuyu'er River (乌裕尔河) in its territory. The name―alternatively written as Wu-yu(-er), Hu-yu(-er), Fu-yu(-er), Pu-yu throughout history―came from the Jurchen language, meaning “a low-lying area”.

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/fuː³³ jyː²²/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ lu³³/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ zu³³/

/pu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/pu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/fuː³³ jyː²²/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ lu³³/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ zu³³/

/pu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/pu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

(～縣) Fuyu County (a county of Heilongjiang, China)

(～鎮) Fuyu Town (a town in Fuyu County, Heilongjiang, China)


二里崗

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～村) Erligang (a village in Henan, China), site of the Bronze-Age Erligang culture


半坡

/pän⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/pän⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

(～村) Banpo (a village in Shaanxi, China), site of the Banpo culture or the Banpo phase (c. 7th millennium BC) of the Yangshao culture


大有

/tä⁵¹ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² jɐu̯¹³/

/da²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/du²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² jɐu̯¹³/

/da²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/du²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Dayou (a town in Xiangshui, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China)


天長

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

(～市) Tianchang (a county-level city of Chuzhou, Anhui, China)


汶川

/wən⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/wən⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Wenchuan (a county of Ngawa prefecture, Sichuan, China)


蘇州

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (蘇州):
* → Japanese: 蘇(そ)州(しゅう) (soshū)
* → Vietnamese: Tô Châu (蘇州)

desc

→ English: Suzhou, Su-chou, Soochow, Suchow, Suchou (obsolete)

→ Georgian: სუჭოუ (suč̣ou)

→ Lao: ຊູໂຈ (sū chō)

/su⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sou̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/su⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

/su⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sou̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/su⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

(～市) Suzhou (a prefecture-level city of Jiangsu, China)

(historical) Su (a former imperial prefecture in modern Jiangsu, China, surrounding the city)


吳縣

/u³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ŋ̍²¹ jyːn²²/

/u³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ŋ̍²¹ jyːn²²/

(historical) Wu County (a former county of Jiangsu, China)

(～市) (historical) Wuxian (a former county-level city of Jiangsu, China; now part of Suzhou, Jiangsu, China)


橋頭

→ English: Chiaotou, Ch'iao-t'ou, Ciaotou, Qiaotou

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio¹³⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/kio²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/kiɤ²³⁻³³ tʰau²³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio¹³⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/kio²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/kiɤ²³⁻³³ tʰau²³/

(～鎮) Qiaotou (a town in Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)

(～鎮) Qiaotou (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)

(～村) Qiaotou (a village in Futian, Wushan, Chongqing, China)


曲尺

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sʰɛːk̚³/

/t͡ɕʰyəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ t͡sʰəʔ²/

/kʰy²⁴ t͡sʰiɔ²⁴/

/kʰuoʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒuɔʔ²⁴/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰioʔ⁵/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɤʔ³²/

/kʰøk̚³³ t͡sʰɪk̚³³/

/t͡ɕʰioʔ³³ t͡sʰaʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁴⁴ t͡sʰɑʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³ t͡sʰz̩¹³/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sʰɛːk̚³/

/t͡ɕʰyəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ t͡sʰəʔ²/

/kʰy²⁴ t͡sʰiɔ²⁴/

/kʰuoʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒuɔʔ²⁴/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰioʔ⁵/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɤʔ³²/

/kʰøk̚³³ t͡sʰɪk̚³³/

/t͡ɕʰioʔ³³ t͡sʰaʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁴⁴ t͡sʰɑʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³ t͡sʰz̩¹³/

(～鄉) Quchi (a township in Wushan, Chongqing, China)

(～村) Quchi (a village in Quchi, Wushan, Chongqing, China)


同仁

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/

/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ zin²³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/

/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ zin²³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Tongren (a county-level city and former county of Huangnan prefecture, Qinghai, China)


雲霄

/yn³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wɐn²¹ siːu̯⁵⁵/

/huŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nieu⁵⁵/

/yn³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wɐn²¹ siːu̯⁵⁵/

/huŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nieu⁵⁵/

/un²⁴⁻¹¹ sio⁴⁴/

/un¹³⁻²² sio⁴⁴/

/un²⁴⁻²² sio⁴⁴/

/un²³⁻³³ siɤ⁴⁴/

/yn³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wɐn²¹ siːu̯⁵⁵/

/huŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nieu⁵⁵/

/un²⁴⁻¹¹ sio⁴⁴/

/un¹³⁻²² sio⁴⁴/

/un²⁴⁻²² sio⁴⁴/

/un²³⁻³³ siɤ⁴⁴/

(～縣) Yunxiao (a county of Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)


濱海

/pin⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐn⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/piŋ³³⁻²³ hai⁵²/

/pin⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐn⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/piŋ³³⁻²³ hai⁵²/

(～新區) Binhai (a subprovincial district and state-level new area in Tianjin, China)


烏蘭察布

ㄨ ㄌㄢˊ ㄔㄚˊ ㄅㄨˋ

ㄨ ㄌㄢˊ ㄔㄚˊ ㄅㄨˋ

/u⁵⁵ län³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ pu⁵¹/

/wuː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ t͡sʰaːt̚³ pou̯³³/

/u⁵⁵ län³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ pu⁵¹/

/wuː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ t͡sʰaːt̚³ pou̯³³/

(～市) Ulanqab (a prefecture-level city of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


渭城

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～區) Weicheng (a district of Xianyang, Shaanxi, China)