羅馬

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔː²¹ maː¹³/

/l̃o⁵³⁻³³ ma³³/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴/

/lo¹³⁻²² mã⁵³/

/lo²⁴⁻¹¹ mã⁵³/

/lɤ²³⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔː²¹ maː¹³/

/l̃o⁵³⁻³³ ma³³/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴/

/lo¹³⁻²² mã⁵³/

/lo²⁴⁻¹¹ mã⁵³/

/lɤ²³⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

Borrowed from Italian Roma (“Rome”) or Latin Roma (“Rome”). Possible doublet of 拂菻 (Fúlǐn) (see page for details).
Attested as 羅瑪／罗玛 in 16th and 17th century works, although Kunyu Wanguo Quantu [1602] has 羅馬／罗马.


梵蒂岡

/fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fän³⁵ ti⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/faːn²² tɐi̯³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/faːn²¹ tɐi̯³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/huan⁴¹⁻²² te⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/huan²²⁻²¹ te²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ve²² ti⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

/fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fän³⁵ ti⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/faːn²² tɐi̯³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/faːn²¹ tɐi̯³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/huan⁴¹⁻²² te⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/huan²²⁻²¹ te²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ve²² ti⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


巴里

/pä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

* The city in Ontario is borrowed from English Barrie.
* The city in Italy is borrowed from Italian Bari.

Bari (the capital city of Apulia, Italy)


比薩

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ sä⁵¹/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ sä⁵¹/


卡拉布里亞

ㄎㄚˇ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄎㄚˇ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˇ

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ pou̯³³ lei̯¹³ aː³³/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ pou̯³³ lei̯¹³ aː³³/

administrative region
administrative region

Calabria (a peninsula and administrative region of southern Italy)


米蘭

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ laːn²¹/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan¹³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan²³/

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ laːn²¹/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan¹³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²⁴/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan²³/


阿里

/ˀä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ lei̯¹³/

/ˀä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ lei̯¹³/

Transcription of non-Chinese names. Sense 1 is borrowed from Tibetan མངའ་རིས (mnga' ris).


翡冷翠

ㄈㄟˇ ㄌㄥˇ ㄘㄨㄟˋ

/feɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/fei̯³⁵ laːŋ¹³ t͡sʰɵy̯³³/

/feɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/fei̯³⁵ laːŋ¹³ t͡sʰɵy̯³³/

Phono-semantic matching of Italian Firenze, rendered poetically. Coined by the poet Xu Zhimo.

psm

(dated or poetic) Florence (a city in Italy)


帕爾馬

/pʰä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰaːk̚³ jiː¹³ maː¹³/

/pʰä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰaːk̚³ jiː¹³ maː¹³/


拉齊奧

/lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐi̯²¹ ou̯³³/

/lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐi̯²¹ ou̯³³/

(Mainland China) Lazio (an administrative region of Italy, situated in the central peninsular section of the country with Rome as its capital)


撒丁

/sä⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/saːt̚³ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sä⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/saːt̚³ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

(Mainland China) Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


那不勒斯

ㄋㄚˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄜˋ ㄙ

/nä⁵¹ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ lɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/naː¹³ pɐt̚⁵ lɐk̚² siː⁵⁵/

/nä⁵¹ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ lɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/naː¹³ pɐt̚⁵ lɐk̚² siː⁵⁵/


托斯卡納

ㄊㄨㄛ ㄙ ㄎㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/tʰɔːk̚³ siː⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ naːp̚²/

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/tʰɔːk̚³ siː⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ naːp̚²/

(Mainland China) Tuscany (an administrative region of Italy, located north of Lazio and south of Emilia-Romagna)


西西里

/ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi³³ li²¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi³³ li²¹/

Sicily (The largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, an autonomous region of Italy, close to Africa and separated from Tunisia and Libya by the Strait of Sicily)


博洛尼亞

ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˇ

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɔːk̚³ lɔːk̚² nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɔːk̚³ lɔːk̚² nei̯²¹ aː³³/


拿坡里

/nä³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naː²¹ pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/

/nä³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naː²¹ pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/


瓦萊達奧斯塔

ㄨㄚˇ ㄌㄞˊ ㄉㄚˊ ㄠˋ ㄙ ㄊㄚˇ

Валай Дааосыта

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵ tä³⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋaː¹³ lɔːi̯²¹ taːt̚² ou̯³³ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːp̚³/

Aosta Valley
Aosta Valley#English:_Q1222

Aosta Valley (an autonomous region of northwestern Italy, with a significant fraction of the population speaking Franco-Provençal)


皮埃蒙特

ㄆㄧˊ ㄞ ㄇㄥˊ ㄊㄜˋ

/pʰi³⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ mɤŋ³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/pʰei̯²¹ ɔːi̯⁵⁵ mʊŋ²¹ tɐk̚²/

/pʰi³⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ mɤŋ³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/pʰei̯²¹ ɔːi̯⁵⁵ mʊŋ²¹ tɐk̚²/

Piedmont (an administrative region in the north of Italy)


薩丁尼亞

ㄙㄚˋ ㄉㄧㄥ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄙㄚˋ ㄉㄧㄥ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˇ

/sä⁵¹ tiŋ⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/sä⁵¹ tiŋ⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːt̚³ tɪŋ⁵⁵ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/sä⁵¹ tiŋ⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/sä⁵¹ tiŋ⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːt̚³ tɪŋ⁵⁵ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

(Taiwan, Hong Kong) Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


拉吉歐

/lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ kɐt̚⁵ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

/lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ kɐt̚⁵ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

(Taiwan, Hong Kong) Lazio (an administrative region of Italy, situated in the central peninsular section of the country with Rome as its capital)


阿布魯佐

ㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄗㄨㄛˇ

/ˀä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ pou̯³³ lou̯¹³ t͡sɔː³³/

/ˀä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ pou̯³³ lou̯¹³ t͡sɔː³³/

Abruzzo (an administrative region in central Italy)


威尼托

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ni³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ nei̯²¹ tʰɔːk̚³/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ni³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ nei̯²¹ tʰɔːk̚³/

Veneto (an administrative region of northern Italy, roughly corresponding to the ancient Venetia)


莫利塞

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ saɪ̯⁵⁵/

/mɔːk̚² lei̯²² t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ saɪ̯⁵⁵/

/mɔːk̚² lei̯²² t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

Molise (an administrative region of southern Italy)


馬凱

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Taiwan) Marche (an administrative region in central Italy)


托斯卡尼

ㄊㄨㄛ ㄙ ㄎㄚˇ ㄋㄧˊ

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵/

/tʰɔːk̚³ siː⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ nei̯²¹/

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵/

/tʰɔːk̚³ siː⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ nei̯²¹/

(Taiwan, Hong Kong) Tuscany (an administrative region of Italy, located north of Lazio and south of Emilia-Romagna)


馬爾凱

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ jiː¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ jiː¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Marche (an administrative region in central Italy)


巴西利卡塔

ㄅㄚ ㄒㄧ ㄌㄧˋ ㄎㄚˇ ㄊㄚˇ

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ li⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ lei̯²² kʰaː⁵⁵ tʰaːp̚³/

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ li⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ lei̯²² kʰaː⁵⁵ tʰaːp̚³/

Basilicata (an administrative region of southern Italy)


普利亞

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ pou̯³³ lei̯¹³ aː³³/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ pou̯³³ lei̯¹³ aː³³/

Apulia (a peninsula and administrative region in southern Italy)


利古里亞

ㄌㄧˋ ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄌㄧˋ ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˇ

/li⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/li⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lei̯²² kuː³⁵ lei̯¹³ aː³³/

/li⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/li⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lei̯²² kuː³⁵ lei̯¹³ aː³³/

Liguria (an administrative region of northwest Italy)


溫布利亞

ㄨㄣ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄨㄣ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ

/wən⁵⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/wən⁵⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wən⁵⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/wən⁵⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Taiwan) Umbria (an administrative region in central Italy)


翁布里亞

ㄨㄥ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄨㄥ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˇ

/wəŋ⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/wəŋ⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jʊŋ⁵⁵ pou̯³³ lei̯¹³ aː³³/

/wəŋ⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/wəŋ⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jʊŋ⁵⁵ pou̯³³ lei̯¹³ aː³³/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Umbria (an administrative region in central Italy)


佛羅倫薩

ㄈㄛˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄙㄚˋ

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ sä⁵¹/

From Latin Florentia. Doublet of 佛羅倫斯／佛罗伦斯 (Fóluólúnsī), which is transliterated from English.

(Mainland China) Florence (the capital city of Tuscany, Italy)


安科納

/ˀän⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

Ancona (a city and associated province of Marche, Italy).