尼亞美

/ni³⁵ jä⁵¹ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

néi⁴ a³ méi⁵

/nei̯²¹ aː³³ mei̯¹³/

/ni³⁵ jä⁵¹ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯²¹ aː³³ mei̯¹³/

Niamey (a city, the capital city of Niger)


努瓦克肖特

ㄋㄨˇ ㄨㄚˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄒㄧㄠˋ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄋㄨˇ ㄨㄚˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄒㄧㄠˋ ㄊㄜˋ

/nu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

Nouakchott (the capital city of Mauritania)


列支敦斯登

ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄓ ㄉㄨㄣ ㄙ ㄉㄥ

ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄓ ㄉㄨㄣ ㄙ ㄉㄥ

Лечжидуньсыдэн

/li̯ɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

/liːt̚² t͡siː⁵⁵ tɵn⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tɐŋ⁵⁵/

/liɪʔ²² t͡sz̩⁵⁵ tən³³ sz̩³³ tən²¹/

/li̯ɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

/liːt̚² t͡siː⁵⁵ tɵn⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tɐŋ⁵⁵/

/liɪʔ²² t͡sz̩⁵⁵ tən³³ sz̩³³ tən²¹/

(Taiwan) Liechtenstein (a microstate in Central Europe)


杜拜

/tu⁵¹⁻⁵³ paɪ̯⁵¹/

/tu⁵¹⁻⁵³ paɪ̯⁵¹/

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

(chiefly Taiwan, Hong Kong) Dubai (an emirate of the United Arab Emirates)

(chiefly Taiwan, Hong Kong) Dubai (the capital city of Dubai emirate, United Arab Emirates)


阿布扎比

ㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄗㄚ ㄅㄧˇ

ㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄗㄚ ㄅㄧˇ

/ˀä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ t͡sä⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ pou̯³³ t͡saːt̚³ pei̯³⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sat̚³²⁻⁴ pi⁵³/

/a³³ pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sat̚⁵⁻²⁴ pi⁵⁵⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sat̚³²⁻⁵ pi⁵³/

/ˀä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ t͡sä⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ pou̯³³ t͡saːt̚³ pei̯³⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sat̚³²⁻⁴ pi⁵³/

/a³³ pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sat̚⁵⁻²⁴ pi⁵⁵⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sat̚³²⁻⁵ pi⁵³/

Borrowed from Arabic أَبُو ظَبِي (ʔabū ẓabī).

bor

Arabic أَبُو ظَبِي (ʔabū ẓabī)

Abu Dhabi (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates; the capital city of Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates)

Abu Dhabi (an emirate of the United Arab Emirates, the largest of the seven emirates)


加沙

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Gaza, Gaza City (a city in Palestine)


斯科普里

ㄙ ㄎㄜ ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ

ㄙ ㄎㄜ ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ

/sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ fɔː⁵⁵ pʰou̯³⁵ lei̯¹³/

/sɯ³³ kʰə³³ pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li⁵³/

/sz̩⁵⁵ kʰu³³ pʰu³³ li²¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ fɔː⁵⁵ pʰou̯³⁵ lei̯¹³/

/sɯ³³ kʰə³³ pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li⁵³/

/sz̩⁵⁵ kʰu³³ pʰu³³ li²¹/

(Mainland China) Skopje (a city, the capital city of North Macedonia)


開封

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (開封):
* → Japanese: 開(かい)封(ふう) (kaifū)
* → Korean: 개봉(開封) (gaebong)

desc

→ Thai: ไคฟง

→ Thai: ไคฟง

Duke Zhuang of Zheng
Emperor Jing of Han

The city was named in the late 8ᵗʰ century BCE by the Duke Zhuang of Zheng originally as 啓封 /启封 (qǐfēng), literally opening up a new domain. Later in 156 BCE, for the new emperor's name happened to be 啓／启, the character was displaced by its closest synonym 開／开, hence the current name.

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰui³³ hɔŋ³³/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰui³³ hɔŋ³³/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ²/

/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/kʰoɪ⁴⁴ fʊŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai³³ hɔŋ³³/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai³³⁻²³ hoŋ³³/

/kʰe⁵⁵ foŋ²¹/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ²/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/kʰoɪ⁴⁴ fʊŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai³³ hɔŋ³³/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai³³⁻²³ hoŋ³³/

/kʰe⁵⁵ foŋ²¹/


以色列

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɛ⁵¹/

/jiː¹³ sɪk̚⁵ liːt̚²/

/i⁴⁴⁻³⁵ sɛt̚¹ liɛt̚⁵/

/i³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃ieʔ⁵/

/i⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ɬɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ lɛʔ⁴/

/i³³²⁻²⁴ ɬɛʔ²⁻⁴ lɛʔ⁴/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ liɛt̚¹²¹/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɛt̚⁴/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɛt̚⁴/

/i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siak̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɛt̚²⁴/

/ĩ⁵²⁻³⁵ sek̚²⁻⁴ liek̚⁴/

/i³³ səʔ⁵⁵ liɪʔ²¹/

/i²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɛ⁵¹/

/jiː¹³ sɪk̚⁵ liːt̚²/

/i⁴⁴⁻³⁵ sɛt̚¹ liɛt̚⁵/

/i³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃ieʔ⁵/

/i⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ɬɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ lɛʔ⁴/

/i³³²⁻²⁴ ɬɛʔ²⁻⁴ lɛʔ⁴/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ liɛt̚¹²¹/

/i⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɛt̚⁴/

/i⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɛt̚⁴/

/i⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siak̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɛt̚²⁴/

/ĩ⁵²⁻³⁵ sek̚²⁻⁴ liek̚⁴/

/i³³ səʔ⁵⁵ liɪʔ²¹/

Ultimately from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, “Israel”).

Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)


公安

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ an³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ aŋ³³/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ an³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ aŋ³³/

(～縣) Gong'an (a county of Jingzhou, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Gong'an (a town in Zhongshan, Hezhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


爪哇

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wä⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ wä⁵⁵/

/t͡saːu̯³⁵ waː⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wä⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ wä⁵⁵/

/t͡saːu̯³⁵ waː⁵⁵/


內蒙古

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (內蒙古):
* → Japanese: 内(ない)蒙(もう)古(こ) (Naimōko)
* → Korean: 내몽고(內蒙古) (Naemonggo)
* → Vietnamese: Nội Mông Cổ (內蒙古)

→ Zhuang: Neimungzguj

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɔːi̯²² mʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵/

/ⁿdui³² ᵐbɵŋ²² ku⁵⁵/

/nˡɔy²⁴² muŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋu³³/

duei⁵ morng² gou³ [Phonetic:duei⁵ morng² ngou³]

/tuei¹¹ mɒŋ¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔu⁴⁵³/

luei⁵ morng² gou³ [Phonetic:luei⁵ morng² ngou³]

/luei²¹ mɒŋ²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔu³³²/

/lai³³⁻¹¹ bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/lai³³⁻²¹ bɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

/lai²²⁻²¹ bɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/lai²²⁻²¹ bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/lai²² bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/lue²² bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/lai³⁵⁻¹¹ moŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kou⁵²/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɔːi̯²² mʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵/

/ⁿdui³² ᵐbɵŋ²² ku⁵⁵/

/nˡɔy²⁴² muŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋu³³/

/tuei¹¹ mɒŋ¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔu⁴⁵³/

/luei²¹ mɒŋ²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔu³³²/

/lai³³⁻¹¹ bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/lai³³⁻²¹ bɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

/lai²²⁻²¹ bɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/lai²²⁻²¹ bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/lai²² bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/lue²² bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/lai³⁵⁻¹¹ moŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kou⁵²/

～自治區 內蒙古自治區#Chinese

Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia#English:_Q41079

(～自治區) Inner Mongolia (a Mongolian autonomous region of China)


佛羅里達

ㄈㄛˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄉㄚˊ

ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄉㄚˇ

ㄈㄛˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄉㄚˊ

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä³⁵/

ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄉㄚˇ

/fu³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɐt̚² lɔː²¹ lei̯¹³ taːt̚²/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä³⁵/

/fu³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɐt̚² lɔː²¹ lei̯¹³ taːt̚²/

The University of North Florida, United States, announces the closure of the Confucius Institute.

Měiguó Běi Fóluólǐdá Dàxué xuānbù guānbì Kǒngzǐ Xuéyuàn.

美國北佛羅里達大學宣布關閉孔子學院。

美国北佛罗里达大学宣布关闭孔子学院。

(～州) Florida (a state of the United States)


菊池

/t͡ɕy³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡ɕy³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 菊(きく)池(ち) (kikuchi).

(～市) Kikuchi (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


河北

Sino-Xenic (河北):
* → Japanese: 河(か)北(ほく) (Kahoku)
* → Korean: 하북(河北) (Habuk)
* → Vietnamese: Hà Bắc (河北)

→ English: Hebei, Hopeh

/xɤ³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː²¹ pɐk̚⁵/

/o⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɔyʔ²⁴/

/hɒ¹³⁻⁴² paʔ²¹/

/hɒ²⁴⁻⁴² paʔ²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² pak̚⁵/

/ho¹³⁻²² pak̚³²/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ pak̚³²/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ pak̚³²/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pak̚²/

/ɦu²² poʔ⁴⁴/

/xɤ³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː²¹ pɐk̚⁵/

/o⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɔyʔ²⁴/

/hɒ¹³⁻⁴² paʔ²¹/

/hɒ²⁴⁻⁴² paʔ²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² pak̚⁵/

/ho¹³⁻²² pak̚³²/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ pak̚³²/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ pak̚³²/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pak̚²/

/ɦu²² poʔ⁴⁴/

(～省) Hebei (a province in northern China)

(～區) Hebei (a district of Tianjin, China)

(historical) a geographic region north of the Yellow River in northern China

(～市) Kahoku (a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)

(～町) Kahoku (a town in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


婺州

/u⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/mou̯²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/u⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/mou̯²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Wuzhou (an ancient name for the city of Jinhua, Zhejiang, China; modern Jinhua)


解放

Sino-Xenic (解放):
* → Japanese: 解放(かいほう) (kaihō)
* → Korean: 해방(解放) (haebang)
* → Vietnamese: giải phóng (解放)

→ Zhuang: gaijfang

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ⁵¹/

/kaːi̯³⁵ fɔːŋ³³/

/kai³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uɔŋ²¹³/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/

/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ⁴¹/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹¹/

/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/

/koi⁵²⁻³⁵ huaŋ²¹³/

/t͡ɕia³³ fɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ⁵¹/

/kaːi̯³⁵ fɔːŋ³³/

/kai³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uɔŋ²¹³/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/

/kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ⁴¹/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/

/kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹¹/

/kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/

/koi⁵²⁻³⁵ huaŋ²¹³/

/t͡ɕia³³ fɑ̃⁴⁴/

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 解放(かいほう) (kaihō)

wasei kango

(～區) Jiefang (a district of Jiaozuo, Henan, China)

(～社區) Jiefang (a residential community in Lucheng, Yidu, Yichang, Hubei, China)


九龍

ja-r

九龍(きゅうりゅう) (Kyūryū)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (九龍):
* → Japanese: 九龍(きゅうりゅう) (Kyūryū)
* → Korean: 구룡(九龍) (Guryong)
* → Vietnamese: Cửu Long (九龍)

English: Kowloon

Japanese: 九龍(クーロン) (Kūron), 九龍(カウロン) (Kauron)

Korean: 주룽 (jurung)

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ¹³/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²³/

/kiu⁵²⁻³⁵ leŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiɤ³³ loŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ¹³/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²³/

/kiu⁵²⁻³⁵ leŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiɤ³³ loŋ⁴⁴/

(～江) Jiulong River (a river in southern Fujian)

北溪

upper reaches, above the confluence with the Xixi

(～縣) Jiulong (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan)


新羅

Jinhan confederacy
Records of the Three Kingdoms
Samguk yusa

First attested in the Records of the Three Kingdoms (c. 290 CE) as 斯盧 /斯卢 (OC *se b·raː, MC siᴇ luo) as in 斯盧國 (“Saro state”), one of the 12 statelets belonging to the Jinhan confederacy.
Other old variations include 新盧 /新卢 (OC *siŋ b·raː, MC siɪn luo) and 斯羅 /斯罗 (OC *se raːl, MC siᴇ lɑ).
In Old Korean documents, those country names were equated with the name of the capital, 徐羅伐 (Syerapel, “Seorabeol”, modern Gyeongju), a compound of 徐羅 (syera) + 伐 (pel, “village”). Other variants include 徐那伐 (syenapel), 徐耶伐 (syeyapel) and 徐伐 (syepel), whence 서울 (seoul, “capital city”).
徐 (sye), the first syllable of 徐羅 is considered to mean “gold” because of 금성 (金城, geumseong, “gold castle/city/fort”), the sinicized name of the capital city (cf. 쇠 (soe), “iron, metal”). The second syllable 羅 (ra) is according to one theory a connective particle, but another theory posits that it means “land”.

ko-l

/ɕin⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² lo²⁴/

/ɕin⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² lo²⁴/

Silla (an ancient kingdom in modern Korea, one of the Three Kingdoms, existing from 57 BCE to 935 C.E.; at its maximum covering all of modern South Korea and most of modern North Korea)


新羅

/ɕin⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² lo²⁴/

/ɕin⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² lo²⁴/

(～區) Xinluo (a district of Longyan, Fujian, China)


喀斯特

kʻa¹-ssŭ¹-tʻê⁴

/kʰä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/

/kʰeʔ²⁻⁴ sɯ³³⁻²³ tek̚⁴/

/kʰä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/

/kʰeʔ²⁻⁴ sɯ³³⁻²³ tek̚⁴/

Borrowed from German Karst or English karst, from Slovene kras.

Karst (a mountainous karst plateau in northeastern Italy and southwestern Slovenia; in full, Karst Plateau)


所羅門群島

ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄣˊ ㄑㄩㄣˊ ㄉㄠˇ

ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄣˊ ㄑㄩㄣˊ ㄉㄠˇ

Соломэнь Цюньдао

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ mən³⁵ t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɔː³⁵ lɔː²¹ muːn²¹ kʷʰɐn²¹ tou̯³⁵/

/sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo¹³⁻²² bun¹³⁻²² kun¹³⁻²² to⁵³/

/sɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo²⁴⁻²² bun²⁴⁻²² kun²⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lo²⁴⁻²² bun²⁴⁻²² kun²⁴⁻²² tɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/sɔː³⁵ lɔː²¹ muːn²¹ kʷʰɐn²¹ tou̯³⁵/

Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands#English:_Q685

(Mainland China) Solomon Islands (a country consisting of the majority of the Solomon Islands archipelago in Melanesia, in Oceania, as well as the Santa Cruz Islands)


加薩

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ sä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ sä⁵¹/

(Taiwan) Gaza, Gaza City (a city in Palestine)


天安門廣場

desc

→ English: Tiananmen Square, Tian'anmen Square, Tian An Men Square, Tienanmen Square

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄢ ㄇㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄔㄤˇ

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄢ ㄇㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄔㄤˊ

Тяньаньмэнь Гуанчан

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ mən³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ mən³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵ muːn²¹ kʷɔːŋ³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/hen³³ ᵘɔn³³ ᵐbᵘɔn²² kɔŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiaŋ²²/

/hen³³ ᵘɔn³³ ᵐbᵘɔn²² kɔŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiaŋ²²⁻²²⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ an³³ mŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiũ²³/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ aŋ³³⁻²³ muŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kuaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ tĩõ⁵⁵/

/tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ aŋ³³⁻²³ muŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kuaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ tĩẽ⁵⁵/

/hen³³ ᵘɔn³³ ᵐbᵘɔn²² kɔŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiaŋ²²/

/tʰiɛn³³ an³³ mŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiũ²⁴/

Tiananmen Square
Tiananmen Square#English

Tiananmen Square (a plaza in Beijing, China)


香檳

Phono-semantic matching of French champagne.

psm

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pin⁵⁵/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ pɐn⁵⁵/

/hi̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pin²⁴/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pin⁴⁴/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pin⁴⁴/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pin⁴⁴/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pin⁴⁴/

/ɕiã⁵⁵ pin²¹/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pin⁵⁵/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ pɐn⁵⁵/

/hi̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pin²⁴/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pin⁴⁴/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pin⁴⁴/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pin⁴⁴/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pin⁴⁴/

/ɕiã⁵⁵ pin²¹/

Champagne (a cultural region and former province of France, the terroir of the wine champagne; now part of Grand Est region)


威靈頓

ㄨㄟ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

ㄨㄟ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹ tɵn²²/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹ tɵn²²/

(～市, formerly ～埠) (Taiwan) Wellington (a city, the capital city of New Zealand)


多哥

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/to⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/to⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/


巴基斯坦

→ Zhuang: Bahgihswhdanj

/pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ kei̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴ tʰan³¹/

/pa⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴ sz̩⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰan³¹/

/pa⁵⁵ ki⁵⁵⁽⁻²¹⁾ sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ tʰaŋ³³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰan⁵³/

/pa³³ ki³³ sɯ³³ tʰan⁵⁵⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰan¹¹/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰan²¹/

/pa³³⁻²³ ki³³⁻²³ sɯ³³⁻²³ tʰaŋ⁵²/

/pa⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³³ sz̩³³ tʰe²¹/

/pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ kei̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ²⁴ tʰan³¹/

/pa⁴⁴ ki⁴⁴ sz̩⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰan³¹/

/pa⁵⁵ ki⁵⁵⁽⁻²¹⁾ sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ tʰaŋ³³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰan⁵³/

/pa³³ ki³³ sɯ³³ tʰan⁵⁵⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰan¹¹/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰan²¹/

/pa³³⁻²³ ki³³⁻²³ sɯ³³⁻²³ tʰaŋ⁵²/

/pa⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³³ sz̩³³ tʰe²¹/


烏茲別克斯坦

ㄨ ㄗ ㄅㄧㄝˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙ ㄊㄢˇ

ㄨ ㄗ ㄅㄧㄝˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙ ㄊㄢˇ

Уцзыбекэсытань

/u⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ pi̯ɛ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wuː⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵ piːt̚² hɐk̚⁵ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² piɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰan⁵³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² piɛt̚⁴⁻³² kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰan⁵³/

/ɔ³³ t͡sɯ³³ piɛt̚²⁴⁻² kʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³ tʰan⁵⁵⁴/

(Mainland China) Uzbekistan (a country in Central Asia)


烏茲別克

ㄨ ㄗ ㄅㄧㄝˊ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄨ ㄗ ㄅㄧㄝˊ ㄎㄜˋ

/u⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ pi̯ɛ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/wuː⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵ piːt̚² hɐk̚⁵/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² piɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² piɛt̚⁴⁻³² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/ɔ³³ t͡sɯ³³ piɛt̚²⁴⁻² kʰiak̚⁵/

/u⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ pi̯ɛ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/wuː⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵ piːt̚² hɐk̚⁵/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² piɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² piɛt̚⁴⁻³² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/ɔ³³ t͡sɯ³³ piɛt̚²⁴⁻² kʰiak̚⁵/

(Taiwan) Uzbekistan (a country in Central Asia)


圖瓦盧

/tʰu³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu³⁵/

/tʰou̯²¹ ŋaː¹³ lou̯²¹/

/tɔ¹³⁻²² ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔ¹³/

/tɔ²⁴⁻²² ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lɔ²⁴/

/tɔ²⁴⁻²² ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔ²⁴/

/tʰu³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu³⁵/

/tʰou̯²¹ ŋaː¹³ lou̯²¹/

/tɔ¹³⁻²² ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔ¹³/

/tɔ²⁴⁻²² ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lɔ²⁴/

/tɔ²⁴⁻²² ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔ²⁴/

(Mainland China) Tuvalu (a country and archipelago of Polynesia in Oceania)


老撾

→ Zhuang: Laujvoh

→ Green Hmong: Los Tsuas

→ White Hmong: Los Tsuas

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɔ⁵⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ä⁵⁵/

/lou̯¹³ wɔː⁵⁵/

/lou̯¹³ kʷɔː⁵⁵/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ o⁴⁴/

/lau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ o³³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ o⁴⁴/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ ko³³/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɔ⁵⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ä⁵⁵/

/lou̯¹³ wɔː⁵⁵/

/lou̯¹³ kʷɔː⁵⁵/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ o⁴⁴/

/lau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ o³³/

/lau²²⁻²¹ o⁴⁴/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ ko³³/

Attested since the Ming dynasty, with the second character pronounced like zhuā. Its usage was gradually surpassed by 寮國, until it was reintroduced as the official name for Laos in the 1950s by PRC marshal Chen Yi. The wō pronunciation for the second character is relatively recent (from the 1960s), most likely since 老撾 as a whole was re-interpreted as a transcription of Lao ລາວ (lāo, “Lao”).
The first character 老 (lǎo) is from Lao ລາວ (lāo), the autonym of the Lao people.
The origin of the second character is less clear:
* According to Dianlüe (滇略), written by the Ming dynasty writer Xie Zhaozhe (謝肇淛), 撾 is a corruption of 爪 (zhuǎ, “animal claws (which the Lao people used as ornaments)”).
* Alternatively, modern writer Cai Wencong (蔡文欉) postulates that 撾 comes from Lao ຊວາ (suā, “Sua, the ancient name of Luang Prabang”).

cog

1574, 嚴從簡, 殊域周咨錄

Jiǔyuè, Bīn yán Lì bēn Lǎowō. Wǒ jìnbīng tǎo bǔ, Lǎowō zhé qiǎn tóumù Lǎnqíláng zǔ wǒ bīng wù rùjìng, yún jí fā bīng xiàng dà suǒ Lì sòng jūnmén.

九月，彬言利奔老撾。我進兵討捕，老撾輙遣頭目覽耆郎阻我兵勿入境，云即發兵象大索利送軍門。

1574, 嚴從簡, 殊域周咨錄

九月，彬言利奔老挝。我进兵讨捕，老挝辄遣头目览耆郎阻我兵勿入境，云即发兵象大索利送军门。

(chiefly Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia, Singapore) Laos (a country in Southeast Asia)

Chen Yi (marshal)
Ming dynasty
Muang Sua


安納海姆

ㄢ ㄋㄚˋ ㄏㄞˇ ㄇㄨˇ

ㄢ ㄋㄚˋ ㄏㄞˇ ㄇㄨˇ

/ˀän⁵⁵ nä⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀän⁵⁵ nä⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

From German Annaheim, later changed to English Anaheim.

Anaheim (a city in California, United States)


柬埔寨

→ Zhuang: Genjbujcai

ㄐㄧㄢˇ ㄆㄨˇ ㄓㄞˋ

ㄐㄧㄢˇ ㄆㄨˇ ㄓㄞˋ

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/

/kaːn³⁵ pʰou̯²¹ t͡saːi̯²²/

/ki̯an³¹ pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰai̯⁵⁵/

/kan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡se²²/

/kan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡se³³/

/kan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡se³³/

/kan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡se²²/

/kan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡se⁴¹/

/kan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɛ²²/

/kaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ pou³³⁻²³ t͡se¹¹/

/t͡ɕi³³ pʰu⁵⁵ za²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/

/kaːn³⁵ pʰou̯²¹ t͡saːi̯²²/

/ki̯an³¹ pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰai̯⁵⁵/

/kan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡se²²/

/kan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡se³³/

/kan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡se³³/

/kan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡se²²/

/kan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡se⁴¹/

/kan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pʰɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɛ²²/

/kaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ pou³³⁻²³ t͡se¹¹/

/t͡ɕi³³ pʰu⁵⁵ za²¹/

From Middle Khmer kambuja, kambujja, kaṃbūjja, kumvuja, kāmabūja, kaṃmbujja (“kingdom of the Kambuja”), ultimately from Sanskrit काम्बोज (kāmboja); compare Modern Khmer កម្ពុជ (kɑɑkɑmpuc), Khmer កម្ពុជា (kampuciə).


洛杉磯

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/lɔːk̚² t͡sʰaːm³³ kei̯⁵⁵/

/lɔːk̚³ t͡sʰaːm³³ kei̯⁵⁵/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² sam⁴⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² san⁴⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/lɔːk̚² t͡sʰaːm³³ kei̯⁵⁵/

/lɔːk̚³ t͡sʰaːm³³ kei̯⁵⁵/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² sam⁴⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴/

/lɔk̚⁴⁻³² san⁴⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴/

Rú bào zǎi Měiguó jīqìrén, jià yī quán jīnshǔ fēijī, zì Luòshānjī chūfā, jīng shísān xiǎoshí niàn wǔ fēn jí dǐ Niǔyuē, sī jiào zhī gāi guó hángkōng gōngsī dìng hángkōng shíkè zhī shíbā xiǎoshí, yǐ jiǎnshěng sì xiǎoshí bàn yǐ.

如報載美國機器人，駕一全金屬飛機，自洛杉磯出發，經十三小時廿五分即抵紐約，斯較之該國航空公司訂航空時刻之十八小時，已減省四小時半矣。

如报载美国机器人，驾一全金属飞机，自洛杉矶出发，经十三小时廿五分即抵纽约，斯较之该国航空公司订航空时刻之十八小时，已减省四小时半矣。

(～市, formerly ～埠) Los Angeles (a large city in California, United States)


萊茵河

/laɪ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/lɔːi̯²¹ jɐn⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/laɪ̯³⁵ in⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/lɔːi̯²¹ jɐn⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/


滿洲國

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (滿洲國):
* → Japanese: 満州国(まんしゅうこく) (manshūkoku)
* → Korean: 만주국(滿洲國) (manjuguk)
* → Vietnamese: Mãn Châu quốc (滿洲國)

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/muːn¹³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/muːn¹³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

(historical) Manchukuo (a historical puppet state of the Empire of Japan in present-day northeast China)


弗里斯蘭

ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄙ ㄌㄢˊ

ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄙ ㄌㄢˊ

/fu³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/fu³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ län³⁵/


鹹海

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haːm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haːm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

Aral Sea (a saline lake straddling the Kazakhstan-Uzbekistan border)


蔬菜

/ʂu⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/sɔː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰai²¹/

/sɔ³³ t͡sʰai⁴¹/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰai²¹/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰai¹¹/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰai²¹/

/so³³⁻²³ t͡sʰai²¹³/

/səu⁵² t͡sʰe¹¹/

/ʂu⁵⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/sɔː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰai²¹/

/sɔ³³ t͡sʰai⁴¹/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰai²¹/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰai¹¹/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰai²¹/

/so³³⁻²³ t͡sʰai²¹³/

/səu⁵² t͡sʰe¹¹/

(～村) Shucai (a village in Wenquan, Yingshan, Huanggang, Hubei, China)


拂曉

/fu³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɐt̚⁵ hiːu̯³⁵/

/huk̚²⁻⁴ hiau⁵²⁻²¹/

/fu³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɐt̚⁵ hiːu̯³⁵/

/huk̚²⁻⁴ hiau⁵²⁻²¹/

(～鄉) Fuxiao (a township in Dingyuan, Chuzhou, Anhui, China)


霍巴特

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

Hobart (a city, the capital city of Tasmania, Australia)


荷巴特

/xɤ³⁵ pä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/xɤ³⁵ pä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

(Taiwan) Hobart (a city, the capital city of Tasmania, Australia)


塔斯馬尼亞

ㄊㄚˇ ㄙ ㄇㄚˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄊㄚˇ ㄙ ㄇㄚˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/tʰaːp̚³ siː⁵⁵ maː¹³ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/tʰaːp̚³ siː⁵⁵ maː¹³ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

Borrowed from English Tasmania, from Dutch Tasman (the last name of Abel Tasman, who discovered the island in 1642).

塔斯馬尼亞惡魔

tǎsīmǎníyà èmó

塔斯马尼亚恶魔

tǎsīmǎníyà èmó


中西

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ se³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ se³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

Central and Western
Central and Western#English

(～區) Central and Western (a district of Hong Kong)

West Central District
w:West Central District

(～區) West Central District (a district of Tainan, Taiwan)


色拉

/sɪk̚⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/sɪk̚⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

(～山口) Sela (a mountain pass in Tsona, Shannan, Tibet autonomous region, China, now controlled by India)


色拉

/sɪk̚⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/sɪk̚⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

(～寺) Sera Monastery (a lamasery in Lhasa, Tibet autonomous region, China)

(now historical) (～鄉) Sera (a township in Daocheng, Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China), now Gatong (a town in Daocheng, Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


克拉科夫

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄚ ㄎㄜ ㄈㄨ

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄚ ㄎㄜ ㄈㄨ

/kʰɤ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/

/hɐk̚⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ fɔː⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/

/hɐk̚⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ fɔː⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/

Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Lesser Poland Voivodeship#English

Krakow (a city on the Vistula River, the capital of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship in southern Poland and the former capital (until 1596) of Poland as a whole)


阿亨

/ˀä⁵⁵ xɤŋ⁵⁵/

/aː³³ hɐŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ xɤŋ⁵⁵/

/aː³³ hɐŋ⁵⁵/

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Aachen (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


亞琛

/jä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/

/aː³³ sɐm⁵⁵/

/aː³³ t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/

/jä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/

/aː³³ sɐm⁵⁵/

/aː³³ t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/

From a spelling pronunciation of English Aachen, from German Aachen.


多倫多

ㄉㄨㄛ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄉㄨㄛ

ㄉㄨㄛ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄉㄨㄛ

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ lɵn²¹ tɔː⁵⁵/

/to⁴⁴⁻²² lun²⁴⁻²² to⁴⁴/

/to³³ lun²⁴⁻²² to³³/

/to⁴⁴⁻²² lun¹³⁻²² to⁴⁴/

/to⁴⁴⁻³³ lun²⁴⁻¹¹ to⁴⁴/

/tɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ lun²³⁻³³ tɤ⁴⁴/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ lɵn²¹ tɔː⁵⁵/

/to⁴⁴⁻²² lun²⁴⁻²² to⁴⁴/

/to³³ lun²⁴⁻²² to³³/

/to⁴⁴⁻²² lun¹³⁻²² to⁴⁴/

/to⁴⁴⁻³³ lun²⁴⁻¹¹ to⁴⁴/

/tɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ lun²³⁻³³ tɤ⁴⁴/

1857, Alexander Wylie, editor, 六合叢談 [Shanghae Serial], volume 6, page 10; republished 官板刪定本 edition, volume 6, 竪川三之橋, (Please provide a date or year), page 14:

Èryuè shíqī rì, běi Yàmòlìjiā Jiānàdà dà xī huǒlúnchē lù zhōng, huǒlúnchē yī dào, liánluò shí shù chē, jīng Duōlúnduō jìn Hāmìdūn dìfāng, huǒlúnchē hū lí tiělù, chè hòu chē bēnyì bùkě zhǐ.

二月十七日，北亞墨利加加那大大西火輪車路中，火輪車一道，聯絡十數車，經多倫多近哈密敦地方，火輪車忽離鐵路，掣後車奔逸不可止。

二月十七日，北亚墨利加加那大大西火轮车路中，火轮车一道，联络十数车，经多伦多近哈密敦地方，火轮车忽离铁路，掣后车奔逸不可止。

Toronto (the capital city of Ontario, Canada and largest city in Canada)


渥太華

ㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄞˋ ㄏㄨㄚˊ

ㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄞˋ ㄏㄨㄚˊ

/wɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯ä³⁵/

/ɐk̚⁵ tʰaːi̯³³ waː²¹/

/ʊk̚⁵ tʰaːi̯³³ waː²¹/

/ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ hua²⁴/

/ɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua²⁴/

/ɔk̚³²⁻⁵ tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ hua¹³/

/ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hua²⁴/

/ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²³/

/wɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯ä³⁵/

/ɐk̚⁵ tʰaːi̯³³ waː²¹/

/ʊk̚⁵ tʰaːi̯³³ waː²¹/

/ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ hua²⁴/

/ɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua²⁴/

/ɔk̚³²⁻⁵ tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ hua¹³/

/ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hua²⁴/

/ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²³/

Ottawa (a city in Ontario, Canada; the capital city of Canada)


日內瓦

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ neɪ̯⁵¹ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐt̚² nɔːi̯²² ŋaː¹³/

/zit̚⁴⁻³² lue³³⁻²¹ ua⁴¹/

/zit̚⁴⁻³² lai³³⁻²¹ ua³³/

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ neɪ̯⁵¹ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐt̚² nɔːi̯²² ŋaː¹³/

/zit̚⁴⁻³² lue³³⁻²¹ ua⁴¹/

/zit̚⁴⁻³² lai³³⁻²¹ ua³³/


建德

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/

(～市) Jiande (a county-level city of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


西安

desc

→ English: Hsi-an, Sian, Singan, Xian, Xi'an

/ɕi⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/ɕi²⁴ næ̃²⁴/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/si²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴/

/ɬe⁵³³⁻¹¹ aŋ⁵³³/

/ɬe⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ aŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/sai³³⁻²³ aŋ³³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/ɕi²⁴ næ̃²⁴/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/si²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴/

/ɬe⁵³³⁻¹¹ aŋ⁵³³/

/ɬe⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ aŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/sai³³⁻²³ aŋ³³/

Usually glossed as meaning "Western Peace" but inclusive of the idea of "Western Pacification" or "Pacified Area", first adopted under the Ming Dynasty in 1369 as the city was conquered from the Yuan and protected with a new wall.

(～市) Xi'an (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Shaanxi, China)

(～區) Xi'an (a district of Liaoyuan, Jilin, China)

(～區) Xi'an (a district of Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China)


大連

→ English: Dalian, Talien, Ta-lien

/tä⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/tai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ l̃ieŋ⁵³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ liɛn²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ liɛn¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ liɛn²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ liɛn²³/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ liaŋ⁵⁵/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ lieŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/tai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ l̃ieŋ⁵³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ liɛn²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ liɛn¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ liɛn²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ liɛn²³/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ liaŋ⁵⁵/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ lieŋ⁵⁵/

Ultimately from the name of the original Russian settlement, Russian Да́льний (Dálʹnij, literally “distant”). Folk etymology suggests a derivation from 褡褳／褡裢 (dālian, “type of rectangle-shaped pocket with a pouch in the middle and two bags at the ends”).

zh-l

(～市) Dalian (a subprovincial city of Liaoning, China)


蘭州

→ English: Lan-chou, Lanchow, Lanzhou

/län³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/læ̃²⁴ ʈ͡ʂou⁵¹/

/laːn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/laŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/

/le²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/län³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/læ̃²⁴ ʈ͡ʂou⁵¹/

/laːn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/laŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/

/le²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

Coined in 581 with the establishment of 蘭州府 (“Lan prefecture”). Named after 皋蘭山／皋兰山.

(～府) (historical) Lan (a former prefecture of modern Gansu Province, China)

(～市) Lanzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Gansu, China)


拉薩

/la⁴⁴⁻³⁵ sat̚¹/

/l̃a⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɑʔ²⁴/

/la⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬaʔ²¹/

/la⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ɬaʔ²/

/la⁴⁴⁻²² sat̚³²/

/la⁴⁴⁻³³ sat̚³²/

/la⁴⁴⁻³⁵ sat̚¹/

/l̃a⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɑʔ²⁴/

/la⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬaʔ²¹/

/la⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ɬaʔ²/

/la⁴⁴⁻²² sat̚³²/

/la⁴⁴⁻³³ sat̚³²/

Borrowed from Manchu ᠯᠠᠰᠠ (lasa), from Classical Tibetan ལྷ་ས (lha sa).

(～市) Lhasa (the capital city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


太原

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ jyːn²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/tʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/tʰai⁴² ŋœŋ¹³/

/tʰai⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ŋyøŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan¹³/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡuan²³/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ jyːn²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/tʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/tʰai⁴² ŋœŋ¹³/

/tʰai⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ŋyøŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan¹³/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡuan²³/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Taiyuan (a prefecture-level city, provincial capital, and largest city in Shanxi, in northern China)

(～省) Thái Nguyên (a province of Vietnam)


斯威士蘭

/sz̩⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ län³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ wɐi̯⁵⁵ siː²² laːn²¹/

/sɯ³³ ui³³ sɯ²² lan²⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² ui⁴⁴⁻²² su²²⁻²¹ lan²⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² ui⁴⁴⁻²² su²²⁻²¹ lan¹³/

/sz̩⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ län³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ wɐi̯⁵⁵ siː²² laːn²¹/

/sɯ³³ ui³³ sɯ²² lan²⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² ui⁴⁴⁻²² su²²⁻²¹ lan²⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² ui⁴⁴⁻²² su²²⁻²¹ lan¹³/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Eswatini, Swaziland (a country in Southern Africa)


波多黎各

ㄅㄛ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄌㄧˊ ㄍㄜˋ

ㄅㄛ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄌㄧˊ ㄍㄜˋ

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li³⁵ kɤ⁵¹/

/pɔː⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵ lɐi̯²¹ kɔːk̚³/

/pʰo³³ tɔ³³ le²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/po⁴⁴⁻²² to⁴⁴⁻²² le²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² to⁴⁴⁻²² le¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li³⁵ kɤ⁵¹/

/pɔː⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵ lɐi̯²¹ kɔːk̚³/

/pʰo³³ tɔ³³ le²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/po⁴⁴⁻²² to⁴⁴⁻²² le²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² to⁴⁴⁻²² le¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

Puerto Rico (a commonwealth, island and dependent territory of the United States in the Caribbean)


卡塔爾

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ tʰaːp̚³ jiː¹³/

/kʰa⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nĩ⁵³/

/kʰa⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ d͡zĩ⁵³/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ tʰaːp̚³ jiː¹³/

/kʰa⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nĩ⁵³/

/kʰa⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ d͡zĩ⁵³/

(Mainland China) Qatar (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


波黑

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ xeɪ̯⁵⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ xeɪ̯⁵⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

波斯尼亞和黑塞哥維那 波斯尼亞和黑塞哥維那#Chinese

波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那#Chinese

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

(Mainland China) short for 波斯尼亞和黑塞哥維那／波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那 (Bōsīníyà hé Hēisàigēwéinà): Bosnia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


波斯尼亞和黑塞哥維那

ㄅㄛ ㄙ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄏㄟ ㄙㄞˋ ㄍㄜ ㄨㄟˊ ㄋㄚˋ

ㄅㄛ ㄙ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄏㄟ ㄙㄞˋ ㄍㄜ ㄨㄟˊ ㄋㄚˋ

bo¹ si¹ nei⁴ aa³ wo⁴ hak¹ sak¹ go¹ wai⁴ naa⁵

Босыния хэ Хэйсайгэвэйна

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹ kɤ⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ nä⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵ xeɪ̯⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹ kɤ⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ nä⁵¹/

bo¹ si¹ nei⁴ aa³ wo⁴ hak⁷ sak⁷ go¹ wai⁴ naa⁵

bo¹ xi¹ néi⁴ a³ wo⁴ heg¹ seg¹ go¹ wei⁴ na⁵

/pɔː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ nei̯²¹ aː³³ wɔː²¹ hɐk̚⁵ sɐk̚⁵ kɔː⁵⁵ wɐi̯²¹ naː¹³/

/pʰo³³ sɯ³³ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³ hɔ²⁴⁻²² hiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ko³³ ui²⁴⁻²² nã⁴¹/

/po⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴⁻²² hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sai²¹⁻⁵³ ko⁴⁴⁻²² ui²⁴⁻²² nã⁵³/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³⁻²² hiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ sai²¹⁻⁵³ ko⁴⁴⁻²² ui¹³⁻²² nã⁵³/

/poʔ³³ sz̩⁵⁵ ni³³ ia³³ ɦu³³ həʔ³³ səʔ⁵⁵ ku³³ vi³³ na²¹/

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

(Mainland China) Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


中非共和國

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄈㄟ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄈㄟ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Чжунфэй Гунхэго

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ fei̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fi²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵ fo¹¹ ku̯et̚²/

/tyŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋi⁵⁵ kyŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuo⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uɔʔ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ hui³³ kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² hɔ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ fei̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/tiɔŋ³³ hui³³ kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² hɔ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English:_Q929

Central African Republic (a country in Central Africa)


中非

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ fei̯⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ fei̯⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/


格陵蘭

ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄢˊ

ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄢˊ

/kɤ³⁵ liŋ³⁵ län³⁵/

/kaːk̚³ lɪŋ²¹ laːn²¹/

/kiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ liɪŋ¹³⁻²² lan¹³/

/kɤ³⁵ liŋ³⁵ län³⁵/

/kaːk̚³ lɪŋ²¹ laːn²¹/

/kiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ liɪŋ¹³⁻²² lan¹³/

Greenland (a large self-governing island and dependent territory of Denmark, in North America)


威爾士

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³ siː²²/

/ue⁵⁵ əl³³ zz̩²¹/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³ siː²²/

/ue⁵⁵ əl³³ zz̩²¹/

(chiefly Mainland China) Wales (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


利比亞

/li⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/li⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

léi⁶ béi² a³

/lei̯²² pei̯³⁵ aː³³/

/li²²⁻²¹ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻²² pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³/

/li²²⁻²¹ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/li³³⁻¹¹ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/li³³⁻²¹ pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/li⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/li⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lei̯²² pei̯³⁵ aː³³/

/li²²⁻²¹ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻²² pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³/

/li²²⁻²¹ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/li³³⁻¹¹ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/li³³⁻²¹ pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/


美屬薩摩亞

ㄇㄟˇ ㄕㄨˇ ㄙㄚˋ ㄇㄛˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄇㄟˇ ㄕㄨˇ ㄙㄚˋ ㄇㄛˊ ㄧㄚˋ

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ sä⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/mei̯¹³ sʊk̚² saːt̚³ mɔː⁵⁵ aː³³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ sat̚³²⁻⁵ mɔ̃¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔk̚²⁴⁻² sat̚⁵⁻²⁴ mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔk̚⁴⁻³² sat̚³²⁻⁴ mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ sä⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/mei̯¹³ sʊk̚² saːt̚³ mɔː⁵⁵ aː³³/

American Samoa (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United States in Polynesia)


馬約特

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/maː¹³ jœːk̚³ tɐk̚²/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/maː¹³ jœːk̚³ tɐk̚²/

administrative region
administrative region

territorial collectivity
territorial collectivity

Mayotte (an archipelago, overseas department, and administrative region of France, formerly an overseas territorial collectivity, located between Africa's mainland and Madagascar)


墨西哥

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/mɐk̚² sɐi̯⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/met̚⁵ si²⁴⁻¹¹ ko²⁴/

/mɛt̚⁵ ɕi⁴⁴ ko⁴⁴/

/biɪk̚⁴⁻³² se⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/biɪk̚⁴⁻³² se⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/biɪk̚⁴⁻³² se⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/biɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ se⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/bak̚⁴⁻² sai³³⁻²³ ko³³/

/məʔ¹¹ ɕi²² ku²³/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/mɐk̚² sɐi̯⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/met̚⁵ si²⁴⁻¹¹ ko²⁴/

/mɛt̚⁵ ɕi⁴⁴ ko⁴⁴/

/biɪk̚⁴⁻³² se⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/biɪk̚⁴⁻³² se⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/biɪk̚⁴⁻³² se⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/biɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ se⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/bak̚⁴⁻² sai³³⁻²³ ko³³/

/məʔ¹¹ ɕi²² ku²³/

Borrowed from English Mexico. Attested in A Short Account of the Maritime Circuit (瀛寰志略) [1849] by Xu Jiyu.

1848, 徐繼畬 [Xu Jiyu], editor, 瀛寰志略, volume 10, page 4:

Mòxīgē běn Xībānyá suǒ gǎijiàn, gù yǔyán wénzì, yǔ Xībānyá tóng.

墨西哥本西班牙所改建，故語言文字，與西班牙同。

墨西哥本西班牙所改建，故语言文字，与西班牙同。

1854 November 1, “論銀事數條”, in 遐邇貫珍 [Chinese Serial], volume II, number 11, page 8:

leoi⁵ man⁴ aa³ mei⁵ lei⁶ gaa¹ zi¹ bei³ lou⁵, zi³ lei⁶, kap⁶ mak⁶ sai¹ go¹ sou³ cyu³, so² ceot¹ zi¹ ngan⁴, kei⁴ ngan⁴ sik¹ gaau³ jyu¹ tong⁴ ngan⁴ gang³ sing³.

屢聞亞美利加之秘魯、智利、及墨西哥數處，所出之銀，其銀色較於唐銀更勝。

屡闻亚美利加之秘鲁、智利、及墨西哥数处，所出之银，其银色较于唐银更胜。

When Mexico was conquered by Spain, [the Spaniards] burnt their books, annihilated their writings, and massacred their learned men.

Mukseoga ji mang eo Ban ya, bun gi seo, myeol gi mun, ryuk gi hagin.

墨西哥之亡于班也，焚其書，滅其文，戮其學人。


密克羅尼西亞

ㄇㄧˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄇㄧˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˋ

/mi⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/mɐt̚² hɐk̚⁵ lɔː²¹ nei̯²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

/bit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lo¹³⁻²² nĩ¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/bit̚⁴⁻³² kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lo²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/bit̚²⁴⁻² kʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lo²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² se³³ a³³/

/mi⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/mɐt̚² hɐk̚⁵ lɔː²¹ nei̯²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

Micronesia (a country consisting of about 2000 islands in the Micronesia region)


摩爾多瓦

ㄇㄛˊ ㄦˇ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄨㄚˇ

ㄇㄛˊ ㄦˇ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄨㄚˇ

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɔː⁵⁵ jiː¹³ tɔː⁵⁵ ŋaː¹³/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁴⁴⁻²² ua⁵³/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ³³ ua⁵⁵⁴/

/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁴⁴⁻²² ua⁵³/

/mo²² ɦəl⁵⁵ tu³³ ŋo²¹/

/mu²² ɦəl⁵⁵ tu³³ ŋo²¹/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɔː⁵⁵ jiː¹³ tɔː⁵⁵ ŋaː¹³/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁴⁴⁻²² ua⁵³/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ³³ ua⁵⁵⁴/

/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁴⁴⁻²² ua⁵³/

/mo²² ɦəl⁵⁵ tu³³ ŋo²¹/

/mu²² ɦəl⁵⁵ tu³³ ŋo²¹/


阿曼

/ˀä⁵⁵ män⁵¹/

/aː³³ maːn²²/

/ɔː⁵⁵ maːn²²/

/a⁴⁴⁻³⁵ man⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² ban²²/

/ˀä⁵⁵ män⁵¹/

/aː³³ maːn²²/

/ɔː⁵⁵ maːn²²/

/a⁴⁴⁻³⁵ man⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² ban²²/

Oman (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


向日

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/hœːŋ³³ jɐt̚²/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ lit̚⁴/

/hiɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ lit̚⁴/

/hiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lit̚²⁴/

/hiaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zit̚¹²¹/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ zit̚⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/hœːŋ³³ jɐt̚²/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ lit̚⁴/

/hiɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ lit̚⁴/

/hiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lit̚²⁴/

/hiaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zit̚¹²¹/

/hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ zit̚⁴/

(～市) Mukō (a city in Kyōto prefecture, Japan)


蘇里南

/su⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam¹³/

/sɔ³³ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/su⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam¹³/

/sɔ³³ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

(Mainland China) Suriname (a country in South America)


棉花

/mi̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/mi̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯ä³/

/mieŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁵/

/miŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵³³/

/miŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁴⁴/

/mĩ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/mĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/mĩ²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/

/mĩ²⁴⁻²² hue³³/

/mĩ¹³⁻²² hua⁴⁴/

/mi̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/mi̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯ä³/

/mieŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁵/

/miŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵³³/

/miŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁴⁴/

/mĩ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/mĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/mĩ²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/

/mĩ²⁴⁻²² hue³³/

/mĩ¹³⁻²² hua⁴⁴/

(～嶼) Mianhua Islet (an islet of Zhongzheng district, Keelung, Taiwan)


郊區

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/kau⁴⁴⁻²² kʰu⁴⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/kau⁴⁴⁻²² kʰu⁴⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹/

Jiao District (a district of Tongling, Anhui, China)


雷鋒

/leɪ̯³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/leɪ̯³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

Named after Lei Feng (1940–1962), a soldier of the People's Liberation Army in the People's Republic of China.

(～街道) Leifeng (a subdistrict of Wangcheng district, Changsha, Hunan, China)


資源

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～縣) Ziyuan County (a county of Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


伊斯蘭堡

/i⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ län³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ pou̯³⁵/

/i³³ sɯ³³ lan²⁴⁻²² po⁵⁵⁴/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³⁻²² po⁵³/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² lan²⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/i⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ län³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ pou̯³⁵/

/i³³ sɯ³³ lan²⁴⁻²² po⁵⁵⁴/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³⁻²² po⁵³/

/i⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² lan²⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

(Mainland China) Islamabad (a city, the capital city of Pakistan)


危地馬拉

ㄨㄟ ㄉㄧˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄚ

ㄨㄟˊ ㄉㄧˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄚ

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ti⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯³⁵ ti⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/ŋɐi̯²¹ tei̯²² maː¹³ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/ɡui²⁴⁻²² te⁴¹⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ la³³/

/ɡui¹³⁻²² te²²⁻²¹ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ la⁴⁴/

/ɡui²⁴⁻²² te²²⁻²¹ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ la⁴⁴/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ti⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯³⁵ ti⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/ŋɐi̯²¹ tei̯²² maː¹³ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/ɡui²⁴⁻²² te⁴¹⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ la³³/

/ɡui¹³⁻²² te²²⁻²¹ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ la⁴⁴/

/ɡui²⁴⁻²² te²²⁻²¹ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ la⁴⁴/

Attested as early as 1844 in 萬國地理全集 by German missionary Karl Gützlaff. For the use of the character 危 (wēi) to transcribe the first syllable of Guatemala, compare 危尼, the translation of Guinea in the same work.

1848, 徐繼畬 [Xu Jiyu], editor, 瀛寰志略, volume 10, page 6:

Dài Mòxīgē pàn Xībānyá, Wēidìmǎlā fù Mòxīgē. Hòu Mòxīgē fèi guówáng, Wēidìmǎlā yú Dàoguāng sì nián zìlì wéi guó, bù shǔyú Mòxīgē. Jìnnián fēn wéi wǔ guó, gè tuī guānsī lǐshì, bù lì guówáng.

迨墨西哥畔西班牙，危地馬拉附墨西哥。後墨西哥廢國王，危地馬拉於道光四年自立為國，不屬於墨西哥。近年分為五國，各推官司理事，不立國王。

迨墨西哥畔西班牙，危地马拉附墨西哥。后墨西哥废国王，危地马拉于道光四年自立为国，不属于墨西哥。近年分为五国，各推官司理事，不立国王。

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Guatemala (a country in Central America)


科索沃

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɔ⁵¹/

/fɔː⁵⁵ sɔːk̚³ jʊk̚⁵/

/kʰə³³ sak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɔk̚⁵/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɔk̚³²/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ɔk̚³²/

/kʰu⁵⁵ soʔ³³ oʔ²¹/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɔ⁵¹/

/fɔː⁵⁵ sɔːk̚³ jʊk̚⁵/

/kʰə³³ sak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɔk̚⁵/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɔk̚³²/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ɔk̚³²/

/kʰu⁵⁵ soʔ³³ oʔ²¹/

Kosovo (a partly-recognized country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


塞拉利昂

ㄙㄞˋ ㄌㄚ ㄌㄧˋ ㄤˊ

ㄙㄞˋ ㄌㄚ ㄌㄧˋ ㄤˊ

/saɪ̯⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ ˀɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ lei̯²² ŋɔːŋ²¹/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ la⁴⁴⁻²² li²²⁻²¹ ɡɔŋ²⁴/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ la⁴⁴⁻²² li²²⁻²¹ ɡɔŋ¹³/

/sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ la³³ li⁴¹⁻²² ɡɔŋ²⁴/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ ˀɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ lei̯²² ŋɔːŋ²¹/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ la⁴⁴⁻²² li²²⁻²¹ ɡɔŋ²⁴/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ la⁴⁴⁻²² li²²⁻²¹ ɡɔŋ¹³/

/sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ la³³ li⁴¹⁻²² ɡɔŋ²⁴/

Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone#English:_Q1044

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Sierra Leone (a country in West Africa)


加納

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/ka²⁴⁻¹¹ nap̚⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² lap̚⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² lap̚¹²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/ka²⁴⁻¹¹ nap̚⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² lap̚⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² lap̚¹²¹/

(Mainland China) Ghana (a country in West Africa)


紐埃

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵/

/nɐu̯³⁵ ɔːi̯⁵⁵/

/niũ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai⁴⁴/

/niũ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ai³³/

/niũ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai⁴⁴/

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵/

/nɐu̯³⁵ ɔːi̯⁵⁵/

/niũ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai⁴⁴/

/niũ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ai³³/

/niũ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ai⁴⁴/

Niue (an island and country in Polynesia in Oceania, a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand)


荷蘭

/xɤ³⁵ län³⁵/

/hɔː²¹ laːn²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/ho⁵³⁻³³ l̃aŋ⁵³/

/hɒ¹³⁻¹¹ laŋ¹³/

/hɒ²⁴⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ lan²³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lan²⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lan⁴⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² lan⁴⁴/

/o⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/

/ɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/

/xɤ³⁵ län³⁵/

/hɔː²¹ laːn²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/ho⁵³⁻³³ l̃aŋ⁵³/

/hɒ¹³⁻¹¹ laŋ¹³/

/hɒ²⁴⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ lan²³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lan²⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lan⁴⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² lan⁴⁴/

/o⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/

/ɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/

荷蘭東印度公司

荷兰东印度公司

Hélán yánshǒu Ānpíng dà gǎng, Chénggōng cóng Lù'ěrmén jìn, shuǐ zhàng sān zhàng yú, rù jù Táiwān, yǔ Hélán Xiàngchí shèn jiǔ.

荷蘭嚴守安平大港，成功從鹿耳門進，水漲三丈餘，入據臺灣，與荷蘭相持甚久。

荷兰严守安平大港，成功从鹿耳门进，水涨三丈余，入据台湾，与荷兰相持甚久。

Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)

Holland (a traditional region of the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland)


南非

/nän³⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵/

/nän³⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵/

South Africa (a country in Southern Africa)


瑙魯

/nɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lo⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

/lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔ⁵³/

/nãu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔ⁵³/

/nɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lo⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/

/lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔ⁵³/

/nãu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔ⁵³/

(Mainland China) Nauru (a country and island of Oceania, in the Pacific Ocean)


不丹

Bhutan (a country in South Asia, in the Himalayas)


乍得

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/

/t͡saː³³ tɐk̚⁵/

/t͡sa²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sɛ²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/

/t͡saː³³ tɐk̚⁵/

/t͡sa²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sɛ²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong, Singapore) Chad (a country in Central Africa)


塞內加爾

ㄙㄞˋ ㄋㄟˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄦˇ

ㄙㄜˋ ㄋㄟˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄦˇ

/saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ neɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ neɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ nɔːi̯²² kaː⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lue⁴¹⁻²² ka³³ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ lue²²⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵³/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ lue²²⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zĩ⁵³/

/sɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ neɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ nɔːi̯²² kaː⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lue⁴¹⁻²² ka³³ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ lue²²⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵³/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ lue²²⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zĩ⁵³/


博茨瓦納

ㄅㄛˊ ㄘˊ ㄨㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ

ㄅㄛˊ ㄘˊ ㄨㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/pɔːk̚³ t͡sʰiː²¹ ŋaː¹³ naːp̚²/

/pʰɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ²⁴⁻²² ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lap̚²⁴/

/pʰɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡su¹³⁻²² ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lap̚¹²¹/

/pʰɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡su²⁴⁻²² ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lap̚⁴/

/poʔ³³ zz̩⁵⁵ ŋo³³ nəʔ²¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/pɔːk̚³ t͡sʰiː²¹ ŋaː¹³ naːp̚²/

/pʰɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ²⁴⁻²² ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lap̚²⁴/

/pʰɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡su¹³⁻²² ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lap̚¹²¹/

/pʰɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡su²⁴⁻²² ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lap̚⁴/

/poʔ³³ zz̩⁵⁵ ŋo³³ nəʔ²¹/

(Mainland China) Botswana (a country in Southern Africa)


古巴

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵/

/kuː³⁵ paː⁵⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pa⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pa³³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pa⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pa⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pa⁴⁴/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵/

/kuː³⁵ paː⁵⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pa⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pa³³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pa⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pa⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pa⁴⁴/

Cuba (a country, the largest island (based on land area) in the Caribbean)


吉布提

/t͡ɕi³⁵ pu⁵¹ tʰi³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ pou̯³³ tʰɐi̯²¹/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰe²⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ tʰe²⁴/

/kit̚³²⁻⁵ pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ tʰe¹³/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ pu⁵¹ tʰi³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ pou̯³³ tʰɐi̯²¹/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰe²⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ tʰe²⁴/

/kit̚³²⁻⁵ pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ tʰe¹³/


牙買加

/jä³⁵ maɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/ŋaː²¹ maːi̯¹³ kaː⁵⁵/

/ɡa²⁴⁻²² mãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/ɡa²⁴⁻²² mãi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³/

/ɡɛ¹³⁻²² mãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɛ⁴⁴/

/jä³⁵ maɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/ŋaː²¹ maːi̯¹³ kaː⁵⁵/

/ɡa²⁴⁻²² mãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/ɡa²⁴⁻²² mãi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³/

/ɡɛ¹³⁻²² mãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɛ⁴⁴/

牙買加 /牙买加 appears to be first attested in 萬國地理全集 [1844] by Karl Gützlaff.
An earlier form, 牙賣加／牙卖加, which is attested in Kunyu Wanguo Quantu [1602], is possibly borrowed from Latin Iamaica.

Jamaica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


尼泊爾

/ni³⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯²¹ pɔːk̚² jiː¹³/

/nei̯²¹ pʰɔːk̚³ jiː¹³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² piak̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² piɪk̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² pɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ d͡zĩ⁵³/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ pɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ nĩ⁴¹/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ po(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ⁵³/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ pʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁴¹/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³/

/ni³⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯²¹ pɔːk̚² jiː¹³/

/nei̯²¹ pʰɔːk̚³ jiː¹³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² piak̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² piɪk̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² pɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ d͡zĩ⁵³/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ pɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ nĩ⁴¹/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ po(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ⁵³/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ pʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁴¹/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³/

Nepal (a country in South Asia, located between China and India)


委內瑞拉

ㄨㄟˇ ㄋㄟˋ ㄖㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄚ

ㄨㄟˇ ㄋㄟˋ ㄖㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄚ

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ lä⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯³⁵ nɔːi̯²² sɵy̯²² laːi̯⁵⁵/

/vi²⁴⁻¹¹ nu̯i⁵⁵ su̯i⁵⁵ la²⁴/

/ui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lue⁴¹⁻²² sui⁴¹⁻²² la³³/

/ui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lue²²⁻²¹ sui²²⁻²¹ la⁴⁴/

/ue³³ ne⁵⁵ zø³³ la²¹/

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ lä⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯³⁵ nɔːi̯²² sɵy̯²² laːi̯⁵⁵/

/vi²⁴⁻¹¹ nu̯i⁵⁵ su̯i⁵⁵ la²⁴/

/ui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lue⁴¹⁻²² sui⁴¹⁻²² la³³/

/ui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lue²²⁻²¹ sui²²⁻²¹ la⁴⁴/

/ue³³ ne⁵⁵ zø³³ la²¹/

1855 February 1, 遐邇貫珍 [Chinese Serial], volume III, number 2, page 9:

faat³ wong⁵ wai² noi⁶ seoi⁶ laai¹ zyu¹ fau⁶ zi¹ fo³, gung⁶ zik⁶ ngan⁴ ji⁶ sap⁶ sei³ maan⁶ baat³ cin¹ jat¹ baak³ gau² sap⁶ bong⁶.

發往委內瑞拉諸埠之貨，共值銀二十四萬八千一百九十磅。

发往委内瑞拉诸埠之货，共值银二十四万八千一百九十磅。


幾內亞

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ neɪ̯⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kei̯⁵⁵ nɔːi̯²² aː³³/

/ki⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lue²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/ki⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lue⁴¹⁻²² a³³/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lai³³⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/kui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai³³⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ neɪ̯⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kei̯⁵⁵ nɔːi̯²² aː³³/

/ki⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lue²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/ki⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lue⁴¹⁻²² a³³/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lai³³⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/kui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai³³⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴/


多米尼加

ㄉㄨㄛ ㄇㄧˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄚ

ㄉㄨㄛ ㄇㄧˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄚ

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ mɐi̯¹³ nei̯²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/tɔ³³ bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² ka³³/

/to⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/to⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ¹³⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ mɐi̯¹³ nei̯²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/tɔ³³ bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² ka³³/

/to⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/to⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ¹³⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English:_Q786

(Mainland China) Dominican Republic (a country in the Caribbean)


突尼斯

/tʰu⁵⁵ ni³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/tʰu³⁵ ni³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/tɐt̚² nei̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/tut̚²⁴⁻² nĩ²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/

/tut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ nĩ¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/tut̚⁴⁻³² nĩ²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/tʰu⁵⁵ ni³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/tʰu³⁵ ni³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/tɐt̚² nei̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/tut̚²⁴⁻² nĩ²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/

/tut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ nĩ¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/tut̚⁴⁻³² nĩ²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Tunisia (a country in North Africa)

(～城, ～市) Tunis (the capital city, since 1159, and largest city of Tunisia)


米倉

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰŋ̍³³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰŋ̍³³/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

(～里) an urban village in Bali district, New Taipei City, Taiwan


烏干達

/u⁵⁵ kän⁵⁵ tä³⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ kɔːn⁵⁵ taːt̚²/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² kan⁴⁴⁻²² tat̚¹²¹/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² kan⁴⁴⁻²² tat̚⁴/

/ɔ³³ kan³³ tat̚²⁴/

/u⁵⁵ kän⁵⁵ tä³⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ kɔːn⁵⁵ taːt̚²/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² kan⁴⁴⁻²² tat̚¹²¹/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² kan⁴⁴⁻²² tat̚⁴/

/ɔ³³ kan³³ tat̚²⁴/


公平

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (公平):
* → Japanese: 公平(こうへい) (kōhei)
* → Korean: 공평(公平) (gongpyeong)
* → Vietnamese: công bình (公平), công bằng (公平)

→ Zhuang: goengbingz

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/kɔŋ³³ pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pɛ̃¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pẽ²³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰiɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/kɔŋ³³ pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pɛ̃¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pẽ²³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰiɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Gongping (a town in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Gongping (a town in Haifeng, Shanwei, Guangdong, China)


民生

/min³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/bin²³⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/bin¹³⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻²² sŋ̍³³/

/miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ³³/

/min³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/bin²³⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/bin¹³⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻²² sŋ̍³³/

/miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ³³/

(～里) an urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei City, Taiwan


秘魯

/pi⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mi⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ⁵³/

/pi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pi²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ⁵³/

/pi¹¹⁻⁵³ lɔ⁵³/

/pi²¹⁻⁴¹ lɔ⁴¹/

/pi⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mi⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ⁵³/

/pi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pi²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ⁵³/

/pi¹¹⁻⁵³ lɔ⁵³/

/pi²¹⁻⁴¹ lɔ⁴¹/

Attested in A Short Account of the Maritime Circuit (瀛寰志略) [1849] by Xu Jiyu.


科摩羅

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/fɔː⁵⁵ mɔː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

/kʰə³³ mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² mɔ̃¹³⁻²² lo¹³/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/fɔː⁵⁵ mɔː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

/kʰə³³ mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² mɔ̃¹³⁻²² lo¹³/

Comoros (a country and group of islands in the Indian Ocean off the coast of East Africa)


綠化

/ly⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/lʊk̚² faː³³/

/liɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hua²¹/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hua¹¹/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hua²¹/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hua¹¹/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hua²¹/

/ly⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/lʊk̚² faː³³/

/liɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hua²¹/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hua¹¹/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hua²¹/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hua¹¹/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hua²¹/

(～村) Lühua (a village in Yonglong, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


拉斯維加斯

ㄌㄚ ㄙ ㄨㄟˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄙ

ㄌㄚ ㄙ ㄨㄟˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄙ

Ласывэйцзясы

/lä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ wɐi̯²¹ kaː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/lä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ wɐi̯²¹ kaː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

Borrowing from English Las Vegas, from Spanish las vegas (“the meadows”).

Las Vegas (a city in Nevada, United States)


光明

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/

/kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/

/kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

(～區) Guangming (a district of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China)

(～社區) Guangming (a community in Chengzhong, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～市) Gwangmyeong (a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea)


遠東

/ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn¹³ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/uoŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nøyŋ⁵⁵/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ taŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔŋ³³/

/uan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ taŋ³³/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ taŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ taŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ taŋ⁴⁴/

/ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn¹³ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/uoŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nøyŋ⁵⁵/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ taŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔŋ³³/

/uan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ taŋ³³/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ taŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ taŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/uan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ taŋ⁴⁴/

西伯利亞及遠東地區

遠東地區

远东地区

遠東居民

远东居民

Russian Far East
Russian Far East#English

(～地區) Russian Far East (a region of Russia)


智利

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/t͡sz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ li⁵³/

/ti²¹⁻⁵³ li²²/

/ti⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ li⁴¹/

/ti²¹⁻⁵³ li²²/

/ti¹¹⁻⁵³ li³³/

/ti²¹⁻⁴¹ li³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/t͡sz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ li⁵³/

/ti²¹⁻⁵³ li²²/

/ti⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ li⁴¹/

/ti²¹⁻⁵³ li²²/

/ti¹¹⁻⁵³ li³³/

/ti²¹⁻⁴¹ li³³/


星星

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/siŋ⁵⁵ siŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/siŋ⁵⁵ siŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/ɕiŋ¹¹ ɕiŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰẽ³³/

/ɕin⁴⁴ ɕin⁵³/

/ɕin³³ ɕin³⁴/

/ɕiŋ³³ ɕiŋ⁵²/

/ɕiŋ³³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/siŋ⁴⁴ siŋ³¹/

/siŋ³³ siŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕiŋ¹¹ ɕiŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰẽ³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

/ɕin⁴⁴ ɕin⁵³/

/ɕin³³ ɕin³⁴/

/ɕiŋ³³ ɕiŋ⁵²/

/ɕiŋ³³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/siŋ⁴⁴ siŋ³¹/

/siŋ³³ siŋ⁵⁵/

(～社區) Xingxing (a community in Chengzhong, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


印度尼西亞

ㄧㄣˋ ㄉㄨˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄧㄣˋ ㄉㄨˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˇ

/in⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹ ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/in⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹ ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐn³³ tou̯²² nei̯²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

/in⁵⁵ tʰu⁵⁵ ni¹¹ si²⁴⁻¹¹ a²⁴/

/(j)in⁵⁵ tʰu⁵⁵ ni¹¹ si²⁴⁻¹¹ a²⁴/

/iŋ²¹³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nu²⁴² nˡɛ⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ⁵⁵ a³³/

/in²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²⁻²¹ nĩ²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/in⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tɔ⁴¹⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² se³³ a³³/

/in²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²⁻²¹ nĩ¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/in¹¹⁻⁵³ tɔ³³⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ se⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴⁴/

/in²¹⁻⁴¹ tɔ³³⁻²¹ nĩ²³⁻³³ se⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴⁴/

/in³³ du⁵⁵ n̠ʲi³³ ɕi³³ ia²¹/

/in⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹ ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/in⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹ ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐn³³ tou̯²² nei̯²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

/in⁵⁵ tʰu⁵⁵ ni¹¹ si²⁴⁻¹¹ a²⁴/

/(j)in⁵⁵ tʰu⁵⁵ ni¹¹ si²⁴⁻¹¹ a²⁴/

/iŋ²¹³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nu²⁴² nˡɛ⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ⁵⁵ a³³/

/in²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²⁻²¹ nĩ²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/in⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tɔ⁴¹⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² se³³ a³³/

/in²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²⁻²¹ nĩ¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/in¹¹⁻⁵³ tɔ³³⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ se⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴⁴/

/in²¹⁻⁴¹ tɔ³³⁻²¹ nĩ²³⁻³³ se⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴⁴/

/in³³ du⁵⁵ n̠ʲi³³ ɕi³³ ia²¹/

Borrowed from English Indonesia, with the first two syllables taken from 印度 (Yìndù, “India”).

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


印尼

/in⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ni¹¹/

/iŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ nˡɛ⁵³/

/in²¹⁻⁵³ nĩ²⁴/

/in⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ nĩ²⁴/

/in²¹⁻⁵³ nĩ¹³/

/in¹¹⁻⁵³ nĩ²⁴/

/in²¹⁻⁴¹ nĩ²³/

/iŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ni⁵⁵/

/eŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ni⁵⁵/

/in³³ n̠ʲi⁴⁴/

/in⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ni¹¹/

/iŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ nˡɛ⁵³/

/in²¹⁻⁵³ nĩ²⁴/

/in⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ nĩ²⁴/

/in²¹⁻⁵³ nĩ¹³/

/in¹¹⁻⁵³ nĩ²⁴/

/in²¹⁻⁴¹ nĩ²³/

/iŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ni⁵⁵/

/eŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ni⁵⁵/

/in³³ n̠ʲi⁴⁴/

zh-l

印度尼西亞／印度尼西亚 (Yìndùníxīyà)


菲律賓

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (菲律賓):
* → Vietnamese: Phi Luật Tân (菲律賓)

→ Zhuang: Feihlizbinh

/fei̯⁵⁵ lɵt̚² pɐn⁵⁵/

/hui⁴⁴⁻²² lut̚⁴⁻³² pin⁴⁴/

/hui⁴⁴⁻²² lut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pin⁴⁴/

/hui⁴⁴⁻³³ lut̚⁴⁻³² pin⁴⁴/

/hui⁴⁴⁻³³ lit̚⁴⁻³² pin⁴⁴/

/hui³³⁻²³ luk̚⁴⁻² piŋ³³/

/fei̯⁵⁵ lɵt̚² pɐn⁵⁵/

/hui⁴⁴⁻²² lut̚⁴⁻³² pin⁴⁴/

/hui⁴⁴⁻²² lut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pin⁴⁴/

/hui⁴⁴⁻³³ lut̚⁴⁻³² pin⁴⁴/

/hui⁴⁴⁻³³ lit̚⁴⁻³² pin⁴⁴/

/hui³³⁻²³ luk̚⁴⁻² piŋ³³/

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


斯里蘭卡

ㄙ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄎㄚˇ

ㄙ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄎㄚˇ

/sz̩⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ laːn²¹ kʰaː⁵⁵/

/sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ li²⁴ lan¹¹ kʰa¹¹/

/sɯ³³ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan²⁴⁻²² kʰaʔ⁵/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan¹³⁻²² kʰa⁵³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²⁴⁻²² kʰa⁵³/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan²³⁻³³ kʰaʔ³²/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰaʔ³²/

/sɯ³³⁻²³ li⁵²⁻³⁵ laŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰa⁵²/

/sz̩⁵⁵ li³³ le³³ kʰa²¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ laːn²¹ kʰaː⁵⁵/

/sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ li²⁴ lan¹¹ kʰa¹¹/

/sɯ³³ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan²⁴⁻²² kʰaʔ⁵/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan¹³⁻²² kʰa⁵³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²⁴⁻²² kʰa⁵³/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan²³⁻³³ kʰaʔ³²/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰaʔ³²/

/sɯ³³⁻²³ li⁵²⁻³⁵ laŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰa⁵²/

/sz̩⁵⁵ li³³ le³³ kʰa²¹/

Sri Lanka (an island and country in South Asia, off the coast of India)


梅花

/meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/puei¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵³³/

/puei²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁴⁴/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/

/muĩ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² hue³³/

/muĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/muãi²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/muãi²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muẽ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muẽ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/me̞i̯¹³ ɸa̠³³/

/meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/puei¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵³³/

/puei²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁴⁴/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/

/muĩ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² hue³³/

/muĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/muãi²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/muãi²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muẽ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muẽ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/me̞i̯¹³ ɸa̠³³/

(～鎮) Meihua (a town in Changle district, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


玻利維亞

ㄅㄛ ㄌㄧˋ ㄨㄟˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄅㄛ ㄌㄧˋ ㄨㄟˊ ㄧㄚˇ

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²² wɐi̯²¹ aː³³/

/po²⁴⁻¹¹ li⁵⁵ vi¹¹ a³¹/

/po³³ li⁴¹⁻²² ui²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/po⁴⁴⁻²² li²²⁻²¹ ui¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/po⁴⁴⁻²² li²²⁻²¹ ui²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²² wɐi̯²¹ aː³³/

/po²⁴⁻¹¹ li⁵⁵ vi¹¹ a³¹/

/po³³ li⁴¹⁻²² ui²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/po⁴⁴⁻²² li²²⁻²¹ ui¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/po⁴⁴⁻²² li²²⁻²¹ ui²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/


斯洛伐克

ㄙ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄈㄚˊ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄙ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄈㄚ ㄎㄜˋ

/sz̩⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ fä³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ fä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/siː⁵⁵ lɔːk̚² fɐt̚² hɐk̚⁵/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚⁴⁻³² huat̚⁴⁻³² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ huat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/sɯ³³ lɔk̚²⁴⁻² huat̚²⁴⁻² kʰiak̚⁵/

/sz̩⁵⁵ loʔ³³ vaʔ³³ kʰəʔ²¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ fä³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ fä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/siː⁵⁵ lɔːk̚² fɐt̚² hɐk̚⁵/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚⁴⁻³² huat̚⁴⁻³² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/sɯ³³ lɔk̚²⁴⁻² huat̚²⁴⁻² kʰiak̚⁵/

/sz̩⁵⁵ loʔ³³ vaʔ³³ kʰəʔ²¹/


也門

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/ia⁴⁴⁻³⁵ mun¹¹/

/ia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun¹³/

/ia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun²⁴/

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/ia⁴⁴⁻³⁵ mun¹¹/

/ia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun¹³/

/ia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bun²⁴/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Yemen (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


沙特阿拉伯

→ Zhuang: Sahdwz Ahlahbwz

ㄕㄚ ㄊㄜˋ ㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄛˊ

ㄕㄚ ㄊㄜˋ ㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄛˊ

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ tɐk̚² aː³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² a⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² piɪk̚³²/

/sɛ⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ a⁴⁴⁻²² liap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ piɪk̚³²/

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ tɐk̚² aː³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³/

(chiefly Mainland China, Hong Kong) Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


土庫曼斯坦

ㄊㄨˇ ㄎㄨˋ ㄇㄢˋ ㄙ ㄊㄢˇ

ㄊㄨˇ ㄎㄨˋ ㄇㄢˋ ㄙ ㄊㄢˇ

Тукуманьсытань

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ män⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰou̯³⁵ fuː³³ maːn²² siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ²¹⁻⁵³ ban²²⁻²¹ su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰan⁵³/

/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ban⁴¹⁻²² sɯ³³ tʰan⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰou̯³⁵ fuː³³ maːn²² siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵/

(Mainland China) Turkmenistan (a country in Central Asia)


阿塞拜疆

ㄚ ㄙㄞˋ ㄅㄞˋ ㄐㄧㄤ

ㄚ ㄙㄞˋ ㄅㄞˋ ㄐㄧㄤ

/ˀä⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ paɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/aː³³ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ paːi̯³³ kœːŋ⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² sai²¹⁻⁵³ pai²¹⁻⁵³ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/a³³ sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiɔŋ³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² sai²¹⁻⁵³ pai²¹⁻⁵³ kiaŋ⁴⁴/

/a⁵⁵ səʔ³³ pa³³ t͡ɕiã²¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ paɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/aː³³ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ paːi̯³³ kœːŋ⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² sai²¹⁻⁵³ pai²¹⁻⁵³ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/a³³ sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ pai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiɔŋ³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² sai²¹⁻⁵³ pai²¹⁻⁵³ kiaŋ⁴⁴/

/a⁵⁵ səʔ³³ pa³³ t͡ɕiã²¹/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau) Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus in Asia and Europe)


拉脫維亞

ㄌㄚ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄨㄟˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄌㄚ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄨㄟˊ ㄧㄚˇ

/lä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/lä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ tʰyːt̚³ wɐi̯²¹ aː³³/

/la⁴⁴⁻²² tʰuat̚³²⁻⁴ ui²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/la³³ tʰuat̚⁵⁻²⁴ ui²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/liap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰuat̚³²⁻⁵ ui¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/la⁵⁵ tʰəʔ³³ vi³³ ia²¹/

/lä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/lä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ tʰyːt̚³ wɐi̯²¹ aː³³/

/la⁴⁴⁻²² tʰuat̚³²⁻⁴ ui²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/la³³ tʰuat̚⁵⁻²⁴ ui²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/liap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰuat̚³²⁻⁵ ui¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/la⁵⁵ tʰəʔ³³ vi³³ ia²¹/

Latvia (a country in northeastern Europe)


黎巴嫩

/li³⁵ pä⁵⁵ nən⁵¹/

/lɐi̯²¹ paː⁵⁵ nyːn²²/

/li¹¹ pa²⁴⁻¹¹ nun⁵⁵/

/le²⁴⁻²² pa³³ lun⁴¹/

/le²⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² lun²²/

/le¹³⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² lun²²/

/li³⁵ pä⁵⁵ nən⁵¹/

/lɐi̯²¹ paː⁵⁵ nyːn²²/

/li¹¹ pa²⁴⁻¹¹ nun⁵⁵/

/le²⁴⁻²² pa³³ lun⁴¹/

/le²⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² lun²²/

/le¹³⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² lun²²/

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


阿聯酋

→ Zhuang: Ahlenzciuz

/ˀä⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/aː³³ lyːn²¹ jɐu̯²¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/aː³³ lyːn²¹ jɐu̯²¹/

阿拉伯聯合酋長國 阿拉伯聯合酋長國#Chinese

阿拉伯联合酋长国 阿拉伯联合酋长国#Chinese

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

(chiefly Mainland China, Hong Kong) syllabic abbreviation of 阿拉伯聯合酋長國 /阿拉伯联合酋长国 (Ālābó Liánhé Qiúzhǎngguó) (= United Arab Emirates): a country in West Asia, in the Middle East: UAE


巴布亞新幾內亞

ㄅㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄧㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧˇ ㄋㄟˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄅㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄧㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧˇ ㄋㄟˋ ㄧㄚˋ

Бабуя Синь Цзинэйя

/pä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ pou̯³³ aː³³ sɐn⁵⁵ kei̯⁵⁵ nɔːi̯²² aː³³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ a⁴⁴⁻²² sin⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lue²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/pa³³ pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ a³³ sin³³ ki⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lue⁴¹⁻²² a³³/

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English:_Q691

(Mainland China) Papua New Guinea (a country in Oceania)


哥斯達黎加

ㄍㄜ ㄙ ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄚ

ㄍㄜ ㄙ ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄚ

/kɤ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tä³⁵ li³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ taːt̚² lɐi̯²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/ko³³ sɯ³³ tat̚²⁴⁻² le²⁴⁻²² ka³³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² tat̚⁴⁻³² le²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴⁻³³ tat̚⁴⁻³² le²³⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴⁻³³ tat̚⁴⁻³² le²⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² tat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ le¹³⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tä³⁵ li³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ taːt̚² lɐi̯²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/ko³³ sɯ³³ tat̚²⁴⁻² le²⁴⁻²² ka³³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² tat̚⁴⁻³² le²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴⁻³³ tat̚⁴⁻³² le²³⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴⁻³³ tat̚⁴⁻³² le²⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴/

(Mainland China) Costa Rica (a country in Central America)


多久

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɔː⁵⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/

/to⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kiu³¹/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɔː⁵⁵ kɐu̯³⁵/

/to⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kiu³¹/

(～市) Taku (a city in Saga Prefecture, Japan)


一元

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～街道) Yiyuan (a subdistrict of Jiang'an district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


亞美利加

ㄧㄚˋ ㄇㄟˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄚ

ㄧㄚˇ ㄇㄟˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄚ

/jä⁵¹ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/aː³³ mei̯¹³ lei̯²² kaː⁵⁵/

/a¹¹ me⁵⁵ li⁵⁵ kʰa³¹/

/jä⁵¹ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/aː³³ mei̯¹³ lei̯²² kaː⁵⁵/

/a¹¹ me⁵⁵ li⁵⁵ kʰa³¹/

美利堅合眾國 美利堅合眾國#Chinese

美利坚合众国 美利坚合众国#Chinese

United States of America
United States of America#English

Alternative name for 美利堅合眾國／美利坚合众国 (Měilìjiān hézhòngguó).: America, United States of America (a country in North America; in full, United States of America)


凌雲

/lɪŋ²¹ wɐn²¹/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hun²⁴/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ hun²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hun²⁴/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² in¹³/

/lɪŋ²¹ wɐn²¹/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hun²⁴/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ hun²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hun²⁴/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² in¹³/

(～縣) Lingyun (a county of Baise, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


南岸

/nän³⁵ ˀän⁵¹/

/naːm²¹ ŋɔːn²²/

/nän³⁵ ˀän⁵¹/

/naːm²¹ ŋɔːn²²/

(～區) Nan'an (a district of Chongqing, China)


玉門

Sino-Xenic (玉門):
* → Japanese: 玉(ぎょく)門(もん) (gyokumon)
* → Korean: 옥문(玉門) (ongmun)

(～市) Yumen (a county-level city of Jiuquan, Gansu, China)


臨海

/lin³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/lin³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

(～縣) Linhai County (a county-level city of Zhejiang, China)


密雲

/mɐt̚² wɐn²¹/

/mɐt̚² wɐn²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Miyun (a district and former county of Beijing, China)


三門

Sino-Xenic (三門):
* → Japanese: 三門(さんもん) (sanmon)
* → Korean: 삼문(三門) (sammun)

/sän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

(～縣) Sanmen (a county of Taizhou, Zhejiang, China)


七星

→ Zhuang: Gihsingh

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰĩ³³/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰĩ³³/

(～區) Qixing District (a district of Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


坑口

/kʰɤŋ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haːŋ⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/kʰẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁴¹/

/kʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁵³/

/kʰɤŋ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haːŋ⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/kʰẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁴¹/

/kʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁵³/

Hang Hau (a residential area of Hong Kong)


納米比亞

ㄋㄚˋ ㄇㄧˇ ㄅㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄋㄚˋ ㄇㄧˇ ㄅㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

/nä⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/naːp̚² mɐi̯¹³ pei̯³⁵ aː³³/

/lap̚²⁴⁻² bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³/

/lap̚⁴⁻³² bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/lap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/nä⁵¹ mi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/naːp̚² mɐi̯¹³ pei̯³⁵ aː³³/

/lap̚²⁴⁻² bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³/

/lap̚⁴⁻³² bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/lap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/


毛里塔尼亞

ㄇㄠˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄊㄚˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄇㄠˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄊㄚˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/mou̯²¹ lei̯¹³ tʰaːp̚³ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰa(ʔ)⁵ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/mou̯²¹ lei̯¹³ tʰaːp̚³ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰa(ʔ)⁵ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

(Mainland China) Mauritania (a country in West Africa)


佛得角

ㄈㄛˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄠˇ

ㄈㄛˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄠˇ

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɐt̚² tɐk̚⁵ kɔːk̚³/

/hut̚²⁴⁻² tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ kak̚⁵/

/hut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ kak̚³²/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kak̚³²/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɐt̚² tɐk̚⁵ kɔːk̚³/

/hut̚²⁴⁻² tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ kak̚⁵/

/hut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ kak̚³²/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kak̚³²/

(Mainland China) Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


內蒙

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ³⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² mʊŋ²¹/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ³⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² mʊŋ²¹/

ellipsis of 內蒙古 /内蒙古 (= Inner Mongolia): an autonomous region of China


新華

/ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/

(～區) Xinhua (a district of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China)

(～區) Xinhua (a district of Cangzhou, Hebei, China)

(～街道) Xinhua (a subdistrict of Jianghan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

(～街道) Xinhua (a subdistrict of Xiaonan district, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Xinhua (a town in Shennongjia, Hubei, China, formerly a township)


莫桑比克

ㄇㄛˋ ㄙㄤ ㄅㄧˇ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄇㄛˋ ㄙㄤ ㄅㄧˇ ㄎㄜˋ

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ sɑŋ⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/mɔːk̚² sɔːŋ⁵⁵ pei̯³⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² sɔŋ³³ pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰiak̚⁵/

/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ sɑŋ⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/mɔːk̚² sɔːŋ⁵⁵ pei̯³⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² sɔŋ³³ pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰiak̚⁵/

/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

(Mainland China) Mozambique (a country in East Africa and Southern Africa)


塞爾維亞

ㄙㄞˋ ㄦˇ ㄨㄟˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄙㄜˋ ㄦˇ ㄨㄟˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄙㄞˋ ㄦˇ ㄨㄟˊ ㄧㄚˇ

ㄙㄜˋ ㄦˇ ㄨㄟˊ ㄧㄚˇ

/saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/sɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ jiː¹³ wɐi̯²¹ aː³³/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ui²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ui²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ui¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/se³³ ɦəl⁵⁵ vi³³ ia²¹/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/sɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ jiː¹³ wɐi̯²¹ aː³³/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ui²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ui²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ui¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/se³³ ɦəl⁵⁵ vi³³ ia²¹/

Borrowed from English Servia, from New Latin Servia f sg.

Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


斯洛文尼亞

ㄙ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄨㄣˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄙ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄨㄣˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˇ

/sz̩⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ wən³⁵ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ wən³⁵ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ lɔːk̚² mɐn²¹ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/sɯ³³ lɔk̚²⁴⁻² bun²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bun¹³⁻²² nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚⁴⁻³² bun²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/sz̩⁵⁵ loʔ³³ vən³³ n̠ʲi³³ ia²¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ wən³⁵ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ wən³⁵ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ lɔːk̚² mɐn²¹ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/sɯ³³ lɔk̚²⁴⁻² bun²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚⁴⁻³² bun²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/sz̩⁵⁵ loʔ³³ vən³³ n̠ʲi³³ ia²¹/

(Mainland China) Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


埃塞俄比亞

ㄞ ㄙㄞˋ ㄜˊ ㄅㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄞ ㄙㄞˋ ㄜˊ ㄅㄧˇ ㄧㄚˇ

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤ³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤ³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ ŋɔː²¹ pei̯³⁵ aː³³/

/ɔːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ ŋɔː²¹ pei̯³⁵ aː³³/

/ai⁴⁴⁻²² sai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡo¹³⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/ai⁴⁴⁻²² sai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡo²⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/ai³³ sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³/

/i⁵⁵ se³³ ŋu³³ pi³³ ia²¹/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤ³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/aːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ ŋɔː²¹ pei̯³⁵ aː³³/

/ɔːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ ŋɔː²¹ pei̯³⁵ aː³³/

/ai⁴⁴⁻²² sai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡo¹³⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/ai⁴⁴⁻²² sai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡo²⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/ai³³ sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ŋɔ̃²⁴⁻²² pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³/

/i⁵⁵ se³³ ŋu³³ pi³³ ia²¹/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Ethiopia (a country in East Africa)


肯尼亞

/kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐŋ³⁵ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/kʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/kʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/kʰŋ̍⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐŋ³⁵ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/kʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/kʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/kʰŋ̍⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Kenya (a country in East Africa)


蘇丹

Borrowed from English Sudan, from Arabic سُودَان (sūdān).

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ tan²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ tan²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/

Sudan (a country in North Africa and East Africa)


馬里

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li⁵³/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li⁵⁵⁴/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li⁵³/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li⁵⁵⁴/

(Mainland China) Mali (a country in West Africa)


馬耳他

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰä⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ jiː¹³ tʰaː⁵⁵/

/ma²⁴ ŋi³¹ tʰa²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰã⁴⁴/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰã³³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰã⁴⁴/

/ma²² ɦəl⁵⁵ tʰa²¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰä⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ jiː¹³ tʰaː⁵⁵/

/ma²⁴ ŋi³¹ tʰa²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰã⁴⁴/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰã³³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰã⁴⁴/

/ma²² ɦəl⁵⁵ tʰa²¹/

Malta (an archipelago and country in Southern Europe, in the Mediterranean Sea)


多米尼加共和國

ㄉㄨㄛ ㄇㄧˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄉㄨㄛ ㄇㄧˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Доминицзя Гунхэго

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ mɐi̯¹³ nei̯²¹ kaː⁵⁵ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

(Mainland China, Malaysia, Singapore) Dominican Republic (a country in the Caribbean)


聖盧西亞

ㄕㄥˋ ㄌㄨˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄕㄥˋ ㄌㄨˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˇ

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ lu³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ lu³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ³³ lou̯²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔ²⁴⁻²² se³³ a³³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ lu³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ lu³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ³³ lou̯²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔ²⁴⁻²² se³³ a³³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

(Mainland China) Saint Lucia (an island and country in the Caribbean)


聖基茨和尼維斯

ㄕㄥˋ ㄐㄧ ㄘˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄙ

ㄕㄥˋ ㄐㄧ ㄘˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄙ

Шэнцзицы хэ Нивэйсы

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ xɤ³⁵ ni³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ kei̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹ wɔː²¹ nei̯²¹ wɐi̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ki⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² ui²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ki³³ t͡sɯ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² ui²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ki⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³⁻²² nĩ¹³⁻²² ui¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis#English:_Q763

(Mainland China) Saint Kitts and Nevis (a country comprising the islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis in the Caribbean)


格林納達

ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄋㄚˋ ㄉㄚˊ

ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄋㄚˋ ㄉㄚˊ

/kɤ³⁵ lin³⁵ nä⁵¹ tä³⁵/

/kiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lim²⁴⁻²² lap̚²⁴⁻² tat̚²⁴/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lim¹³⁻²² lap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tat̚¹²¹/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lim²⁴⁻²² lap̚⁴⁻³² tat̚⁴/

/kɤ³⁵ lin³⁵ nä⁵¹ tä³⁵/

/kiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lim²⁴⁻²² lap̚²⁴⁻² tat̚²⁴/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lim¹³⁻²² lap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tat̚¹²¹/

/kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lim²⁴⁻²² lap̚⁴⁻³² tat̚⁴/

(Mainland China) Grenada (an island and country in the Caribbean)


毛里求斯

ㄇㄠˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄙ

ㄇㄠˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄙ

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/mou̯²¹ lei̯¹³ kʰɐu̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/mou̯²¹ lei̯¹³ kʰɐu̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/

Mauritius (a country in the Indian Ocean, east of East Africa and Madagascar)

Mauritius (the main island of the country of Mauritius)


符拉迪沃斯托克

ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄧˊ ㄨㄛˋ ㄙ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄧˊ ㄨㄛˋ ㄙ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄎㄜˋ

Фуладивосытокэ

/fu³⁵ lä⁵⁵ ti³⁵ wɔ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/fuː²¹ laːi̯⁵⁵ tɪk̚² jʊk̚⁵ siː⁵⁵ tʰɔːk̚³ hɐk̚⁵/

Borrowed from Russian Владивосто́к (Vladivostók).

bor

Владивосто́к

Vladivostok (a city and seaport in the Russian Far East, on the Sea of Japan, near North Korea; the administrative centre of Primorsky Krai)


赤道幾內亞

ㄔˋ ㄉㄠˋ ㄐㄧˇ ㄋㄟˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄔˋ ㄉㄠˋ ㄐㄧ ㄋㄟˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄔˋ ㄉㄠˋ ㄐㄧ ㄋㄟˋ ㄧㄚˇ

Чидао Цзинэйя

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ tou̯²² kei̯⁵⁵ nɔːi̯²² aː³³/

/t͡sʰɪk̚³ tou̯²² kei̯⁵⁵ nɔːi̯²² aː³³/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ to²²⁻²¹ ki⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lue²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ to²²⁻²¹ ki⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lue²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹⁻²² ki⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lue⁴¹⁻²² a³³/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ tou̯²² kei̯⁵⁵ nɔːi̯²² aː³³/

/t͡sʰɪk̚³ tou̯²² kei̯⁵⁵ nɔːi̯²² aː³³/

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English:_Q983

Equatorial Guinea (a country in Central Africa)


馬爾他

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰä⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ jiː¹³ tʰaː⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰä⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ jiː¹³ tʰaː⁵⁵/


利比里亞

ㄌㄧˋ ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄌㄧˋ ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

/li⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

léi⁶ béi² léi⁵ a³

/lei̯²² pei̯³⁵ lei̯¹³ aː³³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³/

/li²²⁻²¹ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/li⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/lei̯²² pei̯³⁵ lei̯¹³ aː³³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³/

/li²²⁻²¹ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

(Mainland China) Liberia (a country in West Africa)


剛果

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔː³⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁵³/

/kaŋ³³ kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔː³⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁵³/

/kaŋ³³ kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa, larger and to the east of the Republic of the Congo)

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo

Congo, Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa, smaller and to the west of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


都柏林

/tou̯⁵⁵ pʰaːk̚³ lɐm²¹/

/tɔ³³ piak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lim²⁴/

/tɔ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lim²⁴/

/tɔ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lim¹³/

/tou̯⁵⁵ pʰaːk̚³ lɐm²¹/

/tɔ³³ piak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lim²⁴/

/tɔ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lim²⁴/

/tɔ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lim¹³/

Dublin (a city, the capital city of Ireland)


烏蘭巴托

ㄨ ㄌㄢˊ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨㄛ

ㄨ ㄌㄢˊ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨㄛ

/u⁵⁵ län³⁵ pä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ paː⁵⁵ tʰɔːk̚³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lan²⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔk̚³²/

/ɔ³³ lan²⁴⁻²² pa³³ tʰɔk̚⁵/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔk̚³²/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ pa⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔk̚³²/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³⁻³³ pa⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔk̚³²/

/u⁵⁵ län³⁵ pä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ paː⁵⁵ tʰɔːk̚³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lan²⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔk̚³²/

/ɔ³³ lan²⁴⁻²² pa³³ tʰɔk̚⁵/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔk̚³²/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ pa⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔk̚³²/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³⁻³³ pa⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔk̚³²/

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ (ulaɣanbaɣatur) / Улаанбаатар (Ulaanbaatar). Compare 烏蘭浩特／乌兰浩特 (Wūlánhàotè).

ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ

zh-l

烏蘭浩特／乌兰浩特 (Wūlánhàotè)

Ulaanbaatar (the capital city of Mongolia)


金邊

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (金邊):
* → Vietnamese: Kim Biên (金邊)

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² piɛn⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ pĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² piɛn⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ pĩ⁴⁴/

From the earlier name 金塔 (Jīntǎ) + Khmer ពេញ (pɨñ, “Penh”).

1927, 張相時, “越南”, in 華僑中心之南洋, volume 下, 海南書局, page 13:

Jiǎnpǔzhài jí Jiāozhǐ zhī Méigōnghé xiàyóu shuǐ jí shēn, qìchuán kě zhídá Jiǎnpǔzhài shǒudū zhī Jīnbiān dàn Khone yǐshàng shuǐliú shèn jí, gù Lǎowō bùnéng dà xiǎng qí lì yǐ.

柬埔寨及交趾之湄公河下游水極深，汽船可直達柬埔寨首都之金邊但Khone以上水流甚急，故老撾不能大享其利矣。

柬埔寨及交趾之湄公河下游水极深，汽船可直达柬埔寨首都之金边但Khone以上水流甚急，故老挝不能大享其利矣。

(～市) Phnom Penh (the capital city of Cambodia)


馬尼拉

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ nei̯²¹ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ la³³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴/

/ma⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ni²⁴⁻²² la³³/

/bin²⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ la⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴/

/bin²²⁻²¹ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lap̚¹²¹/

/mã⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴⁴/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ nei̯²¹ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ la³³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴/

/ma⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ni²⁴⁻²² la³³/

/bin²⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ la⁴⁴/

/bin²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴/

/bin²²⁻²¹ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lap̚¹²¹/

/mã⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴⁴/

Borrowed from Spanish Manila, from Classical Tagalog Maynila.

马尼拉
馬尼剌
岷埠
岷里拉:Bîn
岷尼拉:Bîn
岷里刺:Bîn
岷里納:Bīn
岷唎喇:Bîn
岷里臘:Bīn
民希臘:Bīn
蠻哩喇
呅哖膋
貓里呂
麻里嚕
麻里蘆
麻里呂
麻逸

Manila (the capital city of the Philippines)


萬象

Phono-semantic matching of Lao ວຽງຈັນ (wīang chan). 萬象 literally means “ten thousand elephants”, analogous to 瀾滄／澜沧 (Láncāng, “Lan Xang”) which also means “million elephants” in Lao.

psm

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/maːn²² t͡sœːŋ²²/

/ban²²⁻²¹ siɔŋ²²/

/ban³³⁻²¹ siɔŋ³³/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ siɔŋ³³/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² siɔŋ²²/

/ban²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiaŋ²²/

/ve²² ʑiã⁴⁴/

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/maːn²² t͡sœːŋ²²/

/ban²²⁻²¹ siɔŋ²²/

/ban³³⁻²¹ siɔŋ³³/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ siɔŋ³³/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² siɔŋ²²/

/ban²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiaŋ²²/

/ve²² ʑiã⁴⁴/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia, Singapore) Vientiane (a city, the capital city of Laos)


里斯本

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻²² pun⁵³/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ³³ pun⁵⁵⁴/

/li²² sz̩⁵⁵ pən²¹/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻²² pun⁵³/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ³³ pun⁵⁵⁴/

/li²² sz̩⁵⁵ pən²¹/

Iberian Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula#English

Lisbon (a port city on the Iberian Peninsula, at the mouth of the Tagus River on the Atlantic Ocean; the capital city of Portugal)


科倫坡

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/fɔː⁵⁵ lɵn²¹ pɔː⁵⁵/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² lun¹³⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² lun²⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/

/kʰə³³ lun²⁴⁻²² pʰo³³/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/fɔː⁵⁵ lɵn²¹ pɔː⁵⁵/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² lun¹³⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/

/kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² lun²⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/

/kʰə³³ lun²⁴⁻²² pʰo³³/

Colombo (the commercial capital and largest city of Sri Lanka)


阿斯塔納

/ˀä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/aː³³ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːp̚³ naːp̚²/

/a³³ sɯ³³ tʰa(ʔ)⁵ lap̚²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ lap̚⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ lap̚¹²¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/aː³³ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːp̚³ naːp̚²/

/a³³ sɯ³³ tʰa(ʔ)⁵ lap̚²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ lap̚⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ lap̚¹²¹/

Astana (a city, the capital city of Kazakhstan)


塔什干

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ kän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːp̚³ sɐp̚² kɔːn⁵⁵/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sip̚⁴⁻³² kan⁴⁴/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kan⁴⁴/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sip̚⁴⁻³² kan⁴⁴/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ sip̚⁴⁻³² kan⁴⁴/

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ kän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːp̚³ sɐp̚² kɔːn⁵⁵/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sip̚⁴⁻³² kan⁴⁴/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kan⁴⁴/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sip̚⁴⁻³² kan⁴⁴/

/tʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ sip̚⁴⁻³² kan⁴⁴/

Borrowed from Manchu ᡨᠠᠰᡳᡤᠠᠨ (tasigan), from Written Oirat ᡐᠠᠱᡍᡄᠨ (tašken), from Chagatai [Term?].

Tashkent (a city, the capital city of Uzbekistan)


安卡拉

/ˀän⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰa⁵³⁻⁴⁴ la⁴⁴/

/ø⁵⁵ kʰa³³ la²¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰa⁵³⁻⁴⁴ la⁴⁴/

/ø⁵⁵ kʰa³³ la²¹/

From English Ankara, from Turkish Ankara, from Ottoman Turkish آنقره (Ankara), from Ancient Greek Ἄγκυρα (Ánkura).

Ankara (a city, the capital city of Turkey)


青島

desc

→ English: Qingdao, Tsingtao, Ch'ing-tao

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ to³¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾no³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ tɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ⁵³/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ tau⁵²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ to³¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾no³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ tɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ⁵³/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ tau⁵²/

(～市) Qingdao (a subprovincial city of Shandong, China)


武漢

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (武漢):
* → Japanese: 武(ぶ)漢(かん) (Bukan)
* → Korean: 무한(武漢) (Muhan)
* → Vietnamese: Vũ Hán (武漢)

→ English: Wuhan, Wu-han, Wu Han

→ Georgian: უხანი (uxani)

→ Korean: 우한 (Uhan)

→ Russian: Уха́нь (Uxánʹ)

→ Zhuang: Vujhan

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ xän⁵¹/

/mou̯¹³ hɔːn³³/

/ʋu³¹ hɔn⁵³/

/u³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɑŋ²¹³/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ han⁴¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han¹¹/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵²⁻³⁵ haŋ²¹³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ xän⁵¹/

/mou̯¹³ hɔːn³³/

/ʋu³¹ hɔn⁵³/

/u³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɑŋ²¹³/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ han⁴¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han¹¹/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵²⁻³⁵ haŋ²¹³/

From 武昌 (Wǔchāng) + 漢口 /汉口 (Hànkǒu), two of the three towns that were merged to form Wuhan.

(～市) Wuhan (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Hubei, China)


重慶

ja-r

重慶(じゅうけい) (Jūkei)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (重慶):
* → Japanese: 重慶(じゅうけい) (Jūkei)
* → Korean: 중경(重慶) (Junggyeong)
* → Vietnamese: Trùng Khánh (重慶)

desc

→ English: Chongqing, Chungching, Ch'ung-ch'ing, Chungking, Tchang-king

→ Japanese: 重慶(チョンチン) (Chonchin)

→ Korean: 충칭 (Chungching)

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ²¹ t͡ɕʰin²¹³/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ hɪŋ³³/

/t͡sʰuŋ¹¹ kʰin⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kʰin⁵³/

/tʰyŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((kʰ-))ŋɛiŋ²¹³/

/tyŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((kʰ-))ŋɛiŋ²¹³/

/tœŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰiŋ⁴²/

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kʰiŋ⁴²/

/tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰiɪŋ⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kʰiɪŋ¹¹/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰeŋ²¹³/

/zoŋ²² t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ²¹ t͡ɕʰin²¹³/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ hɪŋ³³/

/t͡sʰuŋ¹¹ kʰin⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kʰin⁵³/

/tʰyŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((kʰ-))ŋɛiŋ²¹³/

/tyŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((kʰ-))ŋɛiŋ²¹³/

/tœŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰiŋ⁴²/

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kʰiŋ⁴²/

/tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰiɪŋ⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kʰiɪŋ¹¹/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰeŋ²¹³/

/zoŋ²² t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴/

Literally "double celebration", named in 1189 after Emperor Guangzong of Song was crowned as both king and emperor.

I just received a letter from Chongqing.

Wǒ gānggāng shōudào yī fēng cóng Chóngqìng jì lái de xìn.

我剛剛收到一封從重慶寄來的信。

我刚刚收到一封从重庆寄来的信。

(～市) Chongqing (a direct-administered municipality and city in western China)


帕勞

/pʰä⁵¹ lɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pʰa²¹⁻⁵³ lo²⁴/

/pʰa²¹⁻⁵³ lo¹³/

/pʰa⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔ²⁴/

/pʰä⁵¹ lɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pʰa²¹⁻⁵³ lo²⁴/

/pʰa²¹⁻⁵³ lo¹³/

/pʰa⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔ²⁴/

Borrowed from English Palau, from Palauan Belau (“Palau”).

(Mainland China) Palau (a country consisting of around 340 islands in Micronesia, in Oceania)


烏魯木齊

→ English: Wulumuchi, Wu-lu-mu-ch'i, Wulumuqi

ㄨ ㄌㄨˇ ㄇㄨˋ ㄑㄧˊ

ㄨ ㄌㄨˇ ㄇㄨˋ ㄑㄧˊ

/u⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³ mʊk̚² t͡sʰɐi̯²¹/

ou¹ lou³ borh⁷ ze² [Phonetic:ou⁵ lou⁵ borh⁶ ze²]

/ɔu⁵³³⁻¹¹ lɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ pɒʔ⁴⁻²¹ t͡se¹³/

/ɔu⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ lɔu³³²⁻²¹ pɒʔ⁴⁻² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡se¹³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ³³ lɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡se²⁴/

/u⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³ mʊk̚² t͡sʰɐi̯²¹/

/ɔu⁵³³⁻¹¹ lɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ pɒʔ⁴⁻²¹ t͡se¹³/

/ɔu⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ lɔu³³²⁻²¹ pɒʔ⁴⁻² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡se¹³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ³³ lɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡se²⁴/

Borrowed from Manchu ᡠᡵᡠᠮᠴᡳ (urumci), from Written Oirat ᡇᠷᡇᡏᡔᡅ (urumci), from Chagatai اورُمجی (ūrumǧī /ürümči/).

乌鲁木齐
烏嚕木齊
乌鲁木齐
烏漉木製
烏櫓莫濟
烏鹵沐齊
烏鹵沐債
烏魯沐債
烏漉沐漬

On September 11th, 1985, Rugosa rose was chosen as Wlumuqi's^([sic – meaning Wulumuqi's]) city flower at the 18th Session of the Standing Committee of the 9th MPC of Wulumuqi, and the elm tree as Wulumuqi's city tree.

1989, China City Flowers (中国城市市花) p.88 & 89 →ISBN

1985 nián 9 yuè 11 rì, Wūlǔmùqí Shì réndà chángwěihuì dì 9 jiè 18 cì huìyì shàng, jiāng méigui dìng wéi shì huā, tóngshí dìng dà yè yú wèi shì shù.

1985年9月11日，烏魯木齊市人大常委會第9屆18次會議上，將玫瑰定為市花，同時定大葉榆為市樹。

1985年9月11日，乌鲁木齐市人大常委会第9届18次会议上，将玫瑰定为市花，同时定大叶榆为市树。

(～市) Ürümqi (a prefecture-level city, the capital of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～縣) Ürümqi (a county of Ürümqi city, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


甘肅

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (甘肅):
* → Japanese: 甘(かん)粛(しゅく) (Kanshuku)
* → Korean: 감숙(甘肅) (Gamsuk)
* → Vietnamese: Cam Túc (甘肅)

→ English: Gansu, Kansu

/kɐm⁵⁵ sʊk̚⁵/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ɕiʊk̚¹/

/kaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nøyʔ²⁴/

/kaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬœʔ²¹/

/kaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ɬyøʔ²/

/kam⁴⁴⁻²² siɔk̚³²/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔk̚³²/

/kø⁵⁵ soʔ²¹/

/kɐm⁵⁵ sʊk̚⁵/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ɕiʊk̚¹/

/kaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nøyʔ²⁴/

/kaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬœʔ²¹/

/kaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ɬyøʔ²/

/kam⁴⁴⁻²² siɔk̚³²/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔk̚³²/

/kø⁵⁵ soʔ²¹/

Blend of 甘州 (Gānzhōu) + 肅州／肃州 (Sùzhōu); coined in 1286 with the establishment of 甘肅等處行中書省.

zh-l

肅州／肃州 (Sùzhōu)

(～省) Gansu (a province in northwestern China)


廣西

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (廣西):
* → Japanese: 広西(こうせい) (Kōsei)
* → Korean: 광서(廣西) (Gwangseo)
* → Vietnamese: Quảng Tây (廣西)

→ English: Guangxi, Kwangsi, Kwongsai

→ French: Guangxi, Kouang-Si

→ Korean: 광시 (Gwangsi)

→ Manchu: ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᠰᡳ (guwangsi)

→ Mongolian: ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩᠰᠢ (ɣuwangsi)

→ Portuguese: Guangxi

→ Russian: Гуанси́ (Guansí)

→ Uyghur: گۇاڭشى (guangshi)

→ Zhuang: Guengjsae, Gvangjsih

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵ ɬai³³/

/koŋ²⁴⁻³³ si⁵³/

/kuɔŋ³¹ ɕi⁴⁴/

/kuoŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵/

/kŋ̍³³²⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))ne⁵⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai³³/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kuĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴/

/kɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ sai³³/

/kʷʊŋ³³ ɬəi⁵³/

/kuɑ̃³³ ɕi⁴⁴/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵ ɬai³³/

/koŋ²⁴⁻³³ si⁵³/

/kuɔŋ³¹ ɕi⁴⁴/

/kuoŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵/

/kŋ̍³³²⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))ne⁵⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai³³/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kuĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴/

/kɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ sai³³/

/kʷʊŋ³³ ɬəi⁵³/

/kuɑ̃³³ ɕi⁴⁴/

Named after Guangnan West Circuit 廣南西路／广南西路 (Guǎngnán Xī Lù) of the Song dynasty.

zh-l

廣南西路／广南西路 (Guǎngnán Xī Lù)

Zhou Qufei, Representative Answers from the Region beyond the Mountains, 12ᵗʰ century CE

Lìzhī, Guǎngxī zhū jùn suǒ chǎn, shuài pí hòu ròu bó, hé dà wèi suān, bùyí pù gān, fēi Mǐnzhōng bǐ, jiā zhě mòrú Xīnghuà.

荔枝，廣西諸郡所產，率皮厚肉薄，核大味酸，不宜曝乾，非閩中比，佳者莫如興化。

荔枝，广西诸郡所产，率皮厚肉薄，核大味酸，不宜曝干，非闽中比，佳者莫如兴化。

～壯族自治區 廣西壯族自治區#Chinese

～僮族自治區 廣西僮族自治區#Chinese

(～壯族自治區, formerly ～僮族自治區, ～省) Guangxi (a Zhuang autonomous region of China)


貴州

→ English: Guizhou

→ Manchu: ᡤᡠᡳ
ᠵᡝᠣ (gui jeo)

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡siu³³/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siu³³/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡siu³³/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siu³³/

Corruption of earlier 矩州 (Jǔzhōu); used since Song dynasty.

貴州的別稱是黔。

贵州的别称是黔。

(～省) Guizhou (a province in southwestern China)


浙江

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (浙江):
* → Japanese: 浙江(せっこう) (sekkō)
* → Korean: 절강(浙江) (jeolgang)
* → Vietnamese: Chiết Giang (浙江)

desc

→ English: Che-chiang, Che-keang, Chekiang, Zhejiang, Zhe Jiang, Chekiang, Che-chiang, Chê-chiang (Wade–Giles), Che-keang, Che-kyang, Chequiam (obsolete), Jhejiang, Zhe Jiang

→ Manchu: ᠵᡝᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩ (jegiyang)

→ Zhuang: Cezgyangh

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɑŋ¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siːt̚³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡set̚⁵⁵ kɔŋ³³/

/t͡sɛt̚⁵ kɔŋ²/

/t͡ʃat⁵⁻² koŋ⁵³/

/t͡sat̚¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sieʔ²⁴⁻²¹ kouŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kaŋ⁵³³/

/t͡siɛʔ²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sik̚²⁻⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡səʔ³³ kɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡səʔ⁴⁴ kɑ̃²³/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɑŋ¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siːt̚³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡set̚⁵⁵ kɔŋ³³/

/t͡sɛt̚⁵ kɔŋ²/

/t͡ʃat⁵⁻² koŋ⁵³/

/t͡sat̚¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sieʔ²⁴⁻²¹ kouŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kaŋ⁵³³/

/t͡siɛʔ²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sik̚²⁻⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡səʔ³³ kɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡səʔ⁴⁴ kɑ̃²³/

Classic of Mountains and Seas
Qiantang River

The ancient name of the Qiantang River. First attested in the Classic of Mountains and Seas.

(～省) Zhejiang (a province in eastern China)

When the First Emperor of Ch’in crossed River Che on a visit to Kuaichi, Hsiang Liang and Hsiang Yu looked on. “That one could be captured and replaced,” exclaimed Hsiang Yu. “Don't talk absurdities!” said Hsiang Liang, putting his hand over his nephew’s mouth. “Do you want our clan wiped out?”

The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

Qín shǐhuángdì yóu Kuàijī, dù Zhèjiāng, Liáng yǔ Jí jù guān. Jí yuē: “Bǐ kě qǔ ér dài yě.” Liáng yǎn qí kǒu, yuē: “Wú wàngyán, zú yǐ!”

秦始皇帝游會稽，渡浙江，梁與籍俱觀。籍曰：“彼可取而代也。”梁掩其口，曰：“毋妄言，族矣！”

秦始皇帝游会稽，渡浙江，梁与籍俱观。籍曰：“彼可取而代也。”梁掩其口，曰：“毋妄言，族矣！”

At the time Shen Ch’ung of Wu-hsing was a prefecture magistrate, and was just then escorting a guest across the Che River. When he and his guest appeared, the innkeeper evacuated Ch’u, and moved him down to the ox shed. The tidal bore arrived. Shen got up and was strolling back and forth.

Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE

Ěrshí Wúxīng Shěn Chōng wéi xiànlìng, dāng sòngkè guò Zhèjiāng, kè chū, tínglì qū gōng yí niúwū xià. Cháoshuǐ zhì, Shěn-lìng qǐ pánghuáng.

爾時吳興沈充爲縣令，當送客過浙江，客出，亭吏驅公移牛屋下。潮水至，沈令起彷徨。

尔时吴兴沈充为县令，当送客过浙江，客出，亭吏驱公移牛屋下。潮水至，沈令起彷徨。

The tidal bore on the Che River is one of the greatest sights of the world.

c. 1280s, Zhou Mi, Reminiscences of Wulin, translated by Richard Strassberg

Zhèjiāng zhī cháo, tiānxià zhī wěiguān yě.

浙江之潮，天下之偉觀也。

浙江之潮，天下之伟观也。

(historical) Zhe River (the former name of the Qiantang River in Zhejiang, China)


江西

→ Thai: กังไส (gang-sǎi, “Jingdezhen porcelain”) (via Min Nan)

→ Manchu: ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩᠰᡳ (giyangsi)

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ³³ ɬai³³/

/kɔŋ⁴² ɕi⁴²/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴ ɕi⁴⁴/

/kouŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sai⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sai⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/kaŋ³³⁻²³ sai³³/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ³³ ɬai³³/

/kɔŋ⁴² ɕi⁴²/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴ ɕi⁴⁴/

/kouŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sai⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sai⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/kaŋ³³⁻²³ sai³³/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

;“Jiangxi Province”
;“Region to the north of the Yangtze River”

(～省) Jiangxi (a province in southern China)

(～區域, formerly ～郡) Kangsŏ (a ward of Namp'o, South Pyongan Province, North Korea)


海口

→ English: Haikou, Hai-k'ou, Hoihow

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/hai⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kʰieu⁴⁵³/

/hai³³²⁻²¹ kʰieu³³²/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁴¹/

/he³³ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/hai⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kʰieu⁴⁵³/

/hai³³²⁻²¹ kʰieu³³²/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁴¹/

/he³³ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

(～市) Haikou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Hainan, China)


長春

→ English: Changchun, Ch'ang-ch'un

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ t͡sʰun²⁴/

/t͡ʃʰoŋ⁵⁵ t͡ʃʰun⁵³/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tyɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³³/

dyoeng² cuong¹ [Phonetic:dyoeng⁵ cuong¹]

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun³³/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/zã²² t͡sʰən⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ t͡sʰun²⁴/

/t͡ʃʰoŋ⁵⁵ t͡ʃʰun⁵³/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tyɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³³/

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun³³/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/zã²² t͡sʰən⁴⁴/

(～市) Changchun (a subprovincial city, provincial capital, and largest city in Jilin, China)


昆明

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (昆明):
* → Japanese: 昆(こん)明(めい) (Konmei)
* → Vietnamese: Côn Minh (昆明)

→ English: Kunming

→ Hungarian: Kunming

→ Portuguese: Kunming

→ Russian: Куньми́н (Kunʹmín)

→ Spanish: Kunming

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³⁵ min¹¹/

/kʰouŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/

/kʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kʰuŋ³³⁻²³ meŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³⁵ min¹¹/

/kʰouŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/

/kʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kʰuŋ³³⁻²³ meŋ⁵⁵/

Originally the endonym of an ethnic group living in what is now western Yunnan province and southwestern Sichuan province.

(～市) Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southwestern China)


瀋陽

Sino-Xenic (瀋陽):
* → Japanese: 瀋陽(しんよう) (Shin'yō)
* → Korean: 심양(瀋陽) (Simyang)
* → Vietnamese: Thẩm Dương (瀋陽)

→ English: Shenyang, Shen-yang

→ Japanese: 瀋(シェン)陽(ヤン) (Shen'yan)

→ Korean: 선양 (Seonyang)

→ Zhuang: Sinjyangz

/ʂən²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/sɐm³⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/sɨm³¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/ʃim²⁴⁻³³ ʒoŋ⁵⁵/

/səm³¹ iɔŋ¹¹/

/ɬiŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹³ yɒŋ¹³/

/ɬiŋ³³²⁻⁵⁵ yøŋ²⁴/

/sim⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²³/

/sim⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iaŋ¹³/

/ʂən²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/sɐm³⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/sɨm³¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/ʃim²⁴⁻³³ ʒoŋ⁵⁵/

/səm³¹ iɔŋ¹¹/

/ɬiŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹³ yɒŋ¹³/

/ɬiŋ³³²⁻⁵⁵ yøŋ²⁴/

/sim⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²³/

/sim⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iaŋ¹³/

Named in reference to its location to the north (the sunny side) of the Shen River. Coined in 1296 when the Shen Prefecture (瀋州／沈州) was converted to Shenyang Circuit (瀋陽路).

(～市) Shenyang (a subprovincial city, provincial capital, and largest city in Liaoning, China)


新西伯利亞

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ lei̯²² aː³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ lei̯²² aː³³/

Novosibirsk (a city, the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia)


西伯利亞

ㄒㄧ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄒㄧ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ

/ɕi⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ lei̯²² aː³³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ lei̯²² aː³³/

1903, 陳天華 [Chen Tianhua], “猛回頭”, in 汪靜之, editor, 愛國詩選, volume 3, 商務印書館, published 1938, page 288:

Yòu bǎ zhè guìzú fùhù yǐjí dúshū de rén, dōu yòng qiúlóng qiú le, sòng wǎng nà chángnián yǒu xuě de Xībólìyà, gòng shù sān wàn, měi yī duì yǒu bīng yī duì yāsòng.

又把這貴族富戶以及讀書的人，都用囚籠囚了，送往那常年有雪的西伯利亞，共數三萬，每一隊有兵一隊押送。

又把这贵族富户以及读书的人，都用囚笼囚了，送往那常年有雪的西伯利亚，共数三万，每一队有兵一队押送。


石家莊

desc

→ English: Shijiazhuang, Shih-chia-chuang

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kaː⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sak̚⁵ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡soŋ²⁴/

/sak̚⁵ ka⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

sih⁷ gor¹ zorng¹ [Phonetic:sih⁶ gor² zorng¹]

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻²¹ kɒ⁵³³⁻¹³ t͡sɒŋ⁵³³/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻² kɒ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

sih⁷ gor¹ zung¹ [Phonetic:sih⁶ gor² lung¹]

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻²¹ kɒ⁵³³⁻¹³ ^((t͡s-))luŋ⁵³³/

sih⁷ gor¹ zng¹ [Phonetic:sih⁶ gor² lng¹]

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻² kɒ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^((t͡s-))lŋ̍⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ka³³ t͡sŋ̍³³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kaː⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sak̚⁵ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡soŋ²⁴/

/sak̚⁵ ka⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻²¹ kɒ⁵³³⁻¹³ t͡sɒŋ⁵³³/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻² kɒ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻²¹ kɒ⁵³³⁻¹³ ^((t͡s-))luŋ⁵³³/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻² kɒ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^((t͡s-))lŋ̍⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ka³³ t͡sŋ̍³³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

(～市) Shijiazhuang (a prefecture-level city, provincial capital, and largest city in Hebei, China)


成都

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (成都):
* → Japanese: 成(せい)都(と) (Seito)
* → Korean: 성도(成都) (Seongdo)
* → Vietnamese: Thành Đô (成都)

→ English: Chengdu, Chengtu, Ch'eng-tu

→ French: Chengdu, Tcheng-tou

ja-r

チョントゥー (Chontū)

→ Japanese: チョントゥー (Chontū), チェンドゥ (Chendu)

→ Korean: 청두 (Cheongdu)

→ Manchu: ᠴᡝᠩ
ᡩᡠ (ceng du)

→ Portuguese: Chengdu

→ Russian: Чэнду́ (Čɛndú)

→ Zhuang: Cwngzduh

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰən²¹ tu⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ tou̯⁵⁵/

/siŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nu⁵⁵/

/ɬiŋ¹³⁻¹¹ tɔu⁵³³/

/ɬiŋ²⁴⁻²¹ tɔu⁵⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ³³/

/siɪŋ¹³⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ tɔ⁴⁴/

/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tou³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰən²¹ tu⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ tou̯⁵⁵/

/siŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nu⁵⁵/

/ɬiŋ¹³⁻¹¹ tɔu⁵³³/

/ɬiŋ²⁴⁻²¹ tɔu⁵⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ³³/

/siɪŋ¹³⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ tɔ⁴⁴/

/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tou³³/

May be the transcription of a native non-Chinese word. Attested on excavated artefacts dating to the late Warring States Period, as well as in the Records of the Grand Historian.
Compare 邛都, 新都 (Xīndū), 廣都／广都, 筰都, 武都 (Wǔdū), all of which are toponyms in present-day southwest China with 都 (OC *taː) as the second syllable. In particular, according to the Records of the Grand Historian, 邛都 (OC *ɡoŋ taː) and 筰都 (OC *zaːɡ taː) were originally names of tribes that were "Southwestern Barbarians" (西南夷 (Xīnányí)).

zh-l

西南夷 (Xīnányí)

(～市) Chengdu (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Sichuan, China)


合肥

/xɤ³⁵ feɪ̯³⁵/

/haʔ⁴⁻²¹ hi¹³/

/haʔ⁴⁻² hi²⁴/

/haʔ⁴⁻²¹ pui¹³/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pui¹³/

/ɦəʔ¹¹ vi²³/

/xɤ³⁵ feɪ̯³⁵/

/haʔ⁴⁻²¹ hi¹³/

/haʔ⁴⁻² hi²⁴/

/haʔ⁴⁻²¹ pui¹³/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pui¹³/

/ɦəʔ¹¹ vi²³/

(～市) Hefei (a prefecture-level city, provincial capital, and largest city in Anhui, China)


鄭州

desc

English: Cheng-chou, Chengchow, Zhengzhou

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛːŋ²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵ t͡su²⁴/

/t͡ʃʰaŋ³³ t͡ʃiu⁵³/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵³ t͡su⁴⁴/

/tĩ⁴¹⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/tĩ²²⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tɛ̃²²⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/zən²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛːŋ²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵ t͡su²⁴/

/t͡ʃʰaŋ³³ t͡ʃiu⁵³/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵³ t͡su⁴⁴/

/tĩ⁴¹⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/tĩ²²⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tɛ̃²²⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/zən²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

(～市) Zhengzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Henan, in central China)


聖馬力諾

ㄕㄥˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄋㄨㄛˋ

ㄕㄥˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄋㄨㄛˋ

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ nu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/sɪŋ³³ maː¹³ lɪk̚² nɔːk̚²/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lɔk̚¹²¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚⁴⁻³² lɔk̚⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liak̚²⁴⁻² lɔk̚²⁴/

/sən³³ ma⁵⁵ liɪʔ³³ noʔ²¹/

/sən⁴⁴ ma²² liɪʔ⁵⁵ noʔ²¹/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ nu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/sɪŋ³³ maː¹³ lɪk̚² nɔːk̚²/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lɔk̚¹²¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪk̚⁴⁻³² lɔk̚⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liak̚²⁴⁻² lɔk̚²⁴/

/sən³³ ma⁵⁵ liɪʔ³³ noʔ²¹/

/sən⁴⁴ ma²² liɪʔ⁵⁵ noʔ²¹/

San Marino (a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


摩納哥

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ nä⁵¹ kɤ⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ naːp̚² kɔː⁵⁵/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lap̚²⁴⁻² ko³³/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lap̚⁴⁻³² ko⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² lap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ nä⁵¹ kɤ⁵⁵/

/mɔː⁵⁵ naːp̚² kɔː⁵⁵/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lap̚²⁴⁻² ko³³/

/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² lap̚⁴⁻³² ko⁴⁴/

/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² lap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ko⁴⁴/


第比利斯

ㄉㄧˋ ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙ

ㄉㄧˋ ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙ

/ti⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/tɐi̯²² pei̯³⁵ lei̯²² siː⁵⁵/

/te²²⁻²¹ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²²⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/te⁴¹⁻²² pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li⁴¹⁻²² sɯ³³/

/ti⁵¹ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/tɐi̯²² pei̯³⁵ lei̯²² siː⁵⁵/

/te²²⁻²¹ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²²⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/te⁴¹⁻²² pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li⁴¹⁻²² sɯ³³/

Borrowed from Georgian თბილისი (tbilisi).

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Tbilisi (a city, the capital city of Georgia)


埃里溫

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən⁵⁵/

/ɔːi̯⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ wɐn⁵⁵/

/aːi̯⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ wɐn⁵⁵/

/ai⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ un⁴⁴/

/ai³³ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ un³³/

/ai⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ un⁴⁴/

/ai⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ un⁴⁴/

/ai⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ un⁴⁴/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən⁵⁵/

/ɔːi̯⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ wɐn⁵⁵/

/aːi̯⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ wɐn⁵⁵/

/ai⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ un⁴⁴/

/ai³³ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ un³³/

/ai⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ un⁴⁴/

/ai⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ un⁴⁴/

/ai⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ un⁴⁴/

(Mainland China) Yerevan (a city, the capital city of Armenia)


盧旺達

/lu³⁵ wɑŋ⁵¹ tä³⁵/

/lou̯²¹ wɔːŋ²² taːt̚²/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² tat̚²⁴/

/lɔ¹³⁻²² ɔŋ²²⁻²¹ tat̚¹²¹/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²²⁻²¹ tat̚⁴/

/lu³⁵ wɑŋ⁵¹ tä³⁵/

/lou̯²¹ wɔːŋ²² taːt̚²/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² tat̚²⁴/

/lɔ¹³⁻²² ɔŋ²²⁻²¹ tat̚¹²¹/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²²⁻²¹ tat̚⁴/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Rwanda (a country in East Africa)


蒙塞拉特

ㄇㄥˊ ㄙㄞ ㄌㄚ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄇㄥˊ ㄙㄞ ㄌㄚ ㄊㄜˋ

/mɤŋ³⁵ saɪ̯⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/mɤŋ³⁵ saɪ̯⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

Montserrat (an island and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, in the Caribbean)


馬爾代夫

ㄇㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄉㄞˋ ㄈㄨ

ㄇㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄉㄞˋ ㄈㄨ

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ jiː¹³ tɔːi̯²² fuː⁵⁵/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tai⁴¹⁻²² hu³³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ jiː¹³ tɔːi̯²² fuː⁵⁵/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tai⁴¹⁻²² hu³³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tai²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Maldives (an archipelago and country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India)


馬紹爾群島

ㄇㄚˇ ㄕㄠˋ ㄦˇ ㄑㄩㄣˊ ㄉㄠˇ

ㄇㄚˇ ㄕㄠˋ ㄦˇ ㄑㄩㄣˊ ㄉㄠˇ

Машаоэр Цюньдао

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ siːu̯²² jiː¹³ kʷʰɐn²¹ tou̯³⁵/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau²²⁻²¹ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kun²⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siau⁴¹⁻²² nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kun²⁴⁻²² tɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau²²⁻²¹ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kun¹³⁻²² to⁵³/

/maː¹³ siːu̯²² jiː¹³ kʷʰɐn²¹ tou̯³⁵/

Marshall Islands
Marshall Islands#English:_Q709

Marshall Islands (a country consisting of two archipelagos in Micronesia, in Oceania)


瓦努阿圖

ㄨㄚˇ ㄋㄨˇ ㄚ ㄊㄨˊ

ㄨㄚˇ ㄋㄨˇ ㄚ ㄊㄨˊ

/wä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ nu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀä⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ nou̯¹³ aː³³ tʰou̯²¹/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ²⁴/

/ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³ tɔ²⁴/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ¹³/

/wä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ nu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀä⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ nou̯¹³ aː³³ tʰou̯²¹/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ²⁴/

/ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a³³ tɔ²⁴/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ¹³/

(Mainland China) Vanuatu (a country and archipelago of Melanesia in Oceania)


特立尼達和多巴哥

ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄉㄚˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄜ

ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄉㄚˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄜ

Тэлинида хэ Добагэ

/tʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ ni³⁵ tä³⁵ xɤ³⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚² laːp̚² nei̯²¹ taːt̚² wɔː²¹ tɔː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/tiak̚²⁴⁻² lip̚²⁴⁻² nĩ²⁴⁻²² tat̚²⁴⁻² hɔ²⁴⁻²² tɔ³³ pa³³ ko³³/

/tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² lip̚⁴⁻³² nĩ²⁴⁻²² tat̚⁴⁻³² ho²⁴⁻²² to⁴⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/tiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ nĩ¹³⁻²² tat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ho¹³⁻²² to⁴⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English:_Q754

Trinidad and Tobago (a country consisting of two main islands and several smaller islands in the Caribbean, off the coast of Venezuela)


塞舌爾

/saɪ̯⁵¹ ʂɤ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ siːt̚² jiː¹³/

/sɐk̚⁵ siːt̚² jiː¹³/

/sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɛt̚²⁴⁻² nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚⁴⁻³² nĩ⁵³/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ d͡zĩ⁵³/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ ʂɤ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ siːt̚² jiː¹³/

/sɐk̚⁵ siːt̚² jiː¹³/

/sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɛt̚²⁴⁻² nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚⁴⁻³² nĩ⁵³/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ siɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ d͡zĩ⁵³/

(Mainland China) Seychelles (an archipelago and country in East Africa, in the Indian Ocean)


里加

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɛ⁴⁴/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɛ⁴⁴/

Riga (a city, the capital city of Latvia)


烏拉圭

/u⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ kʷɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ɔ³³ la³³ kui³³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² kui⁴⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kui⁴⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kui⁴⁴/

/u⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ kʷɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ɔ³³ la³³ kui³³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² kui⁴⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kui⁴⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kui⁴⁴/


明斯克

/miŋ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²¹ siː⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³ kʰiak̚⁵/

/biɪŋ¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/min²² sz̩⁵⁵ kʰəʔ²¹/

/miŋ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/mɪŋ²¹ siː⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³ kʰiak̚⁵/

/biɪŋ¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɪk̚³²/

/min²² sz̩⁵⁵ kʰəʔ²¹/

Minsk (a city, the capital city of Belarus)


巴庫

/pä⁵⁵ kʰu⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ fuː³³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ²¹/

/pa³³ kʰɔ⁴¹/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ²¹/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ¹¹/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ²¹/

/pä⁵⁵ kʰu⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ fuː³³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ²¹/

/pa³³ kʰɔ⁴¹/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ²¹/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ¹¹/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ²¹/


維爾紐斯

ㄨㄟˊ ㄦˇ ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄙ

ㄨㄟˊ ㄦˇ ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄙ

/weɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯²¹ jiː¹³ nɐu̯³⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/ui²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/

/ui²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/ui¹³⁻²² d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/vi²² ɦəl⁵⁵ n̠ʲiɤ³³ sz̩²¹/

/weɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯²¹ jiː¹³ nɐu̯³⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/ui²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/

/ui²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/ui¹³⁻²² d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/vi²² ɦəl⁵⁵ n̠ʲiɤ³³ sz̩²¹/

Vilnius (a city, the capital city of Lithuania)


布拉格

/pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ la³³ kiak̚⁵/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ la⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚³²/

/pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ la³³ kiak̚⁵/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ la⁴⁴⁻²² kiɪk̚³²/

Prague (a city, the capital city of the Czech Republic)


華沙

/xu̯ä³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/waː²¹ saː⁵⁵/

/hua²⁴⁻²² sa³³/

/hua²⁴⁻¹¹ sa⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻²² sa⁴⁴/

/hua²³⁻³³ sa⁴⁴/

/hua¹³⁻²² sɛ⁴⁴/

/xu̯ä³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/waː²¹ saː⁵⁵/

/hua²⁴⁻²² sa³³/

/hua²⁴⁻¹¹ sa⁴⁴/

/hua²⁴⁻²² sa⁴⁴/

/hua²³⁻³³ sa⁴⁴/

/hua¹³⁻²² sɛ⁴⁴/

Warsaw (a city, the capital city of Poland)


布拉迪斯拉發

Bùlādísīlāfā

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄧˊ ㄙ ㄌㄚ ㄈㄚ

Bùlādísīlāfā

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄧˊ ㄙ ㄌㄚ ㄈㄚ

Буладисылафа

/pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ ti³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ fä⁵⁵/

/pou̯³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ tɪk̚² siː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ faːt̚³/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ la³³ tiak̚²⁴⁻² sɯ³³ la³³ huat̚⁵/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ la⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ su⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ la⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² su⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

/pu³³ la⁵⁵ diɪʔ³³ sz̩⁵⁵ la³³ faʔ²¹/

/pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ ti³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ fä⁵⁵/

/pu³³ la⁵⁵ diɪʔ³³ sz̩⁵⁵ la³³ faʔ²¹/

(Mainland China) Bratislava (a city, the capital city of Slovakia)

布拉提斯拉瓦

Bùlātísīlāwǎ


杜尚別

ㄉㄨˋ ㄕㄤˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ

ㄉㄨˋ ㄕㄤˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ

/tu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

/tou̯²² sœːŋ²² piːt̚²/

/tɔ²²⁻²¹ siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ piɛt̚⁴/

/tɔ⁴¹⁻²² siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² piɛt̚²⁴/

/tɔ²²⁻²¹ siaŋ²²⁻²¹ piɛt̚¹²¹/

/tu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵/

/tou̯²² sœːŋ²² piːt̚²/

/tɔ²²⁻²¹ siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ piɛt̚⁴/

/tɔ⁴¹⁻²² siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² piɛt̚²⁴/

/tɔ²²⁻²¹ siaŋ²²⁻²¹ piɛt̚¹²¹/

(Mainland China) Dushanbe (a city, the capital city of Tajikistan)


阿什哈巴德

ㄚ ㄕˊ ㄏㄚ ㄅㄚ ㄉㄜˊ

ㄚ ㄕˊ ㄏㄚ ㄅㄚ ㄉㄜˊ

/ˀä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ xä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/aː³³ sɐp̚² haː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pa⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² sip̚⁴⁻³² ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pa⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ xä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/aː³³ sɐp̚² haː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/