埼玉

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ y⁵¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ jʊk̚²/

/ki²³⁻³³ ɡiɔk̚⁴/

/ki²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡiɔk̚⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ y⁵¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ jʊk̚²/

/ki²³⁻³³ ɡiɔk̚⁴/

/ki²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡiɔk̚⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 埼(さい)玉(たま) (Saitama).

(～市) Saitama (the capital city of Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


兵庫

/piŋ⁵⁵ kʰu⁵¹/

/pɪŋ⁵⁵ fuː³³/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ¹¹/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ²¹/

/piŋ⁵⁵ kʰu⁵¹/

/pɪŋ⁵⁵ fuː³³/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ¹¹/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 兵庫(ひょうご) (Hyōgo).


熊本

/ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ²¹ puːn³⁵/

/ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ²¹ puːn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 熊本(くまもと) (Kumamoto).

(～縣) Kumamoto (a prefecture in southwestern Japan)

(～市) Kumamoto (the capital city of Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


秋田

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 秋(あき)田(た) (Akita).

(～市) Akita (a city in Akita Prefecture, Japan)


岐阜

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ fu⁵¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ fɐu̯²²/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ fu⁵¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ fɐu̯²²/

(～市) Gifu (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


青森

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 青(あお)森(もり) (Aomori).

(～市) Aomori (a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan)


富山

/fu⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ suã⁴⁴/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ suã⁴⁴/

/fu⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ suã⁴⁴/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ suã⁴⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 富(と)山(やま) (Toyama).

(～市) Toyama (a city in Toyama Prefecture, Japan)


山形

/ʂän⁵⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ jɪŋ²¹/

/ʂän⁵⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ jɪŋ²¹/

(～市) Yamagata (a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


岩手

/jɛn³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋaːm²¹ sɐu̯³⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋaːm²¹ sɐu̯³⁵/


伊勢

/jiː⁵⁵ sɐi̯³³/

/jiː⁵⁵ sɐi̯³³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 伊勢 (Ise).

obor

(～市) Ise (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


栃木

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹/

/lɐi̯²² mʊk̚²/

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹/

/lɐi̯²² mʊk̚²/

(～市) Tochigi (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)


和歌山

/xɤ³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/wɔː²¹ kɔː⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/wɔː²¹ kɔː⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 和歌(わか)山(やま) (Wakayama).

(～市) Wakayama (a city in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan)


群馬

/t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷʰɐn²¹ maː¹³/

/t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷʰɐn²¹ maː¹³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 群(ぐん)馬(ま) (Gunma).


佐賀

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sɔː³³ hɔː²²/

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sɔː³³ hɔː²²/

(～市) Saga (a city in Saga Prefecture, Japan)


聖堂

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/sɪŋ³³ tʰɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/sɨn⁵⁵ tʰoŋ¹¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tŋ̍²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍¹³/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tŋ̍²³/

/seŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tɯŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/sɪŋ³³ tʰɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/sɨn⁵⁵ tʰoŋ¹¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍²⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tŋ̍²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍¹³/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tŋ̍²³/

/seŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tɯŋ⁵⁵/

(religion) Confucian temple; temple honoring Confucius and housing schools and testing facilities


八幡

/pä⁵⁵ fän⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ fän⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 八幡 (Hachiman).

(～市) Hachiman (a city in Kyōto prefecture, Japan)


高句麗

desc

→ English: Gaogouli, Kaokouli, Kao-kou-li

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ koʊ̯⁵⁵ li³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯⁵⁵ lei̯²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ koʊ̯⁵⁵ li³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯⁵⁵ lei̯²¹/

(historical) Goguryeo (an ancient kingdom in modern Korea, one of the Three Kingdoms, existing from 37 BCE to 668 C.E.; at its maximum covering all of North Korea, the northern part of South Korea, parts of Manchuria in northeast China, and parts of Primorsky Krai in Russia)


桐生

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 桐生 (Kiryū).

obor

(～市) Kiryū (a city in Gunma Prefecture, Japan)


金山

→ English: Chinshan, Jinshan, → Gold Mountain (calque)

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kim³³ san³³⁻³³⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kim³³ san³³⁻³³⁵/

For some geographical locations, the name refers to the gold rush in the 19th century. (The term is being used loosely for any place of great chances for wealth in a similar fashion to the English "gold mine".)

(～區, formerly ～縣) Jinshan (a district and former county of Shanghai, China)

(～區, formerly ～鄉) Jinshan, Chinshan (a district and former rural township in New Taipei City, Taiwan)

(～市) Kaneyama (a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


本庄

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

For pronunciation and definitions of 本庄 – see 本莊 (“local; native”).
(This term is the simplified form of 本莊).
 Notes:
Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.
Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

zh-see

(～市) Honjō (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


鳥取

/ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/niːu̯¹³ t͡sʰɵy̯³⁵/

/ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/niːu̯¹³ t͡sʰɵy̯³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 鳥取(とっとり) (Tottori).

(～市) Tottori (a city in Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


琉球

ja-r

琉球(りゅうきゅう) (ryūkyū)

ryu-r

琉球(るーちゅー) (rūchū)

琉球(どぅーちゅー) (dūchū)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (琉球):
* → Japanese: 琉球(りゅうきゅう) (ryūkyū)
* → Okinawan: 琉球(るーちゅー) (rūchū); 琉球(どぅーちゅー) (dūchū)
* → Vietnamese: Lưu Cầu (琉球), lưu cầu (琉球)

→ Manchu: ᠯᡳᠣ
ᡴᡳᠣ (lio kio)

→ Portuguese: leque

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ kʰɐu̯²¹/

/l̃ieu⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu⁵³/

/liu²³⁻³³ kʰiu²³/

/liu²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰiu²⁴/

/liɤ²² d͡ʑiɤ⁴⁴/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ kʰɐu̯²¹/

/l̃ieu⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu⁵³/

/liu²³⁻³³ kʰiu²³/

/liu²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰiu²⁴/

/liɤ²² d͡ʑiɤ⁴⁴/

First attested in 《隋書》 (636) as 流求 (MC ljuw gjuw). Further origin unknown.

Ryukyu, Ryūkyū (an archipelago of Japan)

On August fifteenth, the boat will be leaving the harbour of Xiaoliuqiu Island.

陳一郎, 行船人的純情曲

Poeh-goe̍h cha̍p-gō͘ hit chi̍t kang, chûn beh lī-khui Liû-khiû káng.

八月十五彼一天，船要離開琉球港。

陳一郎, 行船人的純情曲

八月十五彼一天，船要离开琉球港。

(～嶼) Liuqiu (an island of Pingtung County, Taiwan)

(～鄉) Liuqiu (a township in Pingtung County, Taiwan)


足利

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 足利 (Ashikaga).

obor

(～市) Ashikaga (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)


高知

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

(～市) Kōchi (a city in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan)


愛媛

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ wuːn²¹/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ uan²²/

/ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ uan⁴¹/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ uan²²/

/ai¹¹⁻⁵³ uan³³/

/ai²¹⁻⁴¹ uan³³/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ wuːn²¹/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ uan²²/

/ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ uan⁴¹/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ uan²²/

/ai¹¹⁻⁵³ uan³³/

/ai²¹⁻⁴¹ uan³³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 愛(え)媛(ひめ) (Ehime).


滋賀

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ hɔː²²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ³³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ ho³³/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ hɔː²²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ³³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ ho³³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 滋賀(しが) (Shiga).


宇都宮

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

Utsunomiya (the capital city of Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)


北九州

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɐu̯³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɐu̯³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 北九州 (Kitakyūshū).

(～市) Kitakyūshū (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


島根

/tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kən⁵⁵/

/tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kən⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 島根(しまね) (Shimane).


長岡

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 長岡 (Nagaoka).

(～市) Nagaoka (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


函館

/xän³⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xän³⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 函(はこ)館(だて) (Hakodate).

(～市) Hakodate (a city in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


小田原

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄩㄢˊ

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄩㄢˊ

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 小田原 (Odawara).

(～市) Odawara (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


熊野

/ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 熊野 (Kumano).

(～市) Kumano (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


盛岡

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 盛(もり)岡(おか) (Morioka).

Morioka (the capital city of Iwate Prefecture, Japan)


鹿島

/lu⁵¹ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu⁵¹ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～市) Kashima (a city in Saga Prefecture, Japan)


興業

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ jiːp̚²/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ jiːp̚²/

(～縣) Xingye (a county of Yulin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


加賀

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 加賀 (Kaga).

(～市) Kaga (a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


三河

/sän⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ ho²⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/sän⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ ho²⁴/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ²³/

(～市) Sanhe (a county-level city of Langfang, Hebei, China)


箱根

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kən⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ kɐn⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kən⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ kɐn⁵⁵/

(～町) Hakone (a town in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


伏見

/fu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/fu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 伏(ふし)見(み) (Fushimi).

(～區) Fushimi (a ward in Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan)


荒川

/xu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

(～區) Arakawa (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


淡路

/tän⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

/tän⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 淡路 (Awaji).

(～市) Awaji (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


白河

/paɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/paːk̚² hɔː²¹/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ho¹³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɤ²³/

/paɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/paːk̚² hɔː²¹/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ho¹³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɤ²³/

(～縣) Baihe (a county of Ankang, Shaanxi, China)

(～市) Shirakawa (a city in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan)

(～區) Baihe (a district of Tainan, Taiwan)


公益

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ jɪk̚⁵/

/kɔŋ³³ iak̚⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ iak̚⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪk̚³²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɪk̚³²/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ iaʔ²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ jɪk̚⁵/

/kɔŋ³³ iak̚⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ iak̚⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪk̚³²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɪk̚³²/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ iaʔ²/

(～村) Gongyi (a village in Yonglong, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


佐世保

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 佐世保 (Sasebo).

(～市) Sasebo (a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)


鳥羽

/ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 鳥羽 (Toba).

(～市) Toba (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


立川

/li⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/li⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 立川 (Tachikawa).


秩父

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 秩父 (Chichibu).

(～市) Chichibu (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


弘前

/xʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 弘前 (Hirosaki).

(～市) Hirosaki (a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan)


和泉

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 和泉 (Izumi).

(～市) Izumi (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


石垣

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² wuːn²¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² wuːn²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 石垣 (Ishigaki).

(～市) Ishigaki (a city in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)


丹波

/tän⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/tän⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 丹波 (Tanba).

(～市) Tanba (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


御所

/y⁵¹ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/y⁵¹ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 御所 (Gose).

(～市) Gose (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


四日市

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 四日市 (Yokkaichi).

(～市) Yokkaichi (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


朝倉

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 朝倉 (Asakura).

(～市) Asakura (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


千代田

ㄑㄧㄢ ㄉㄞˋ ㄊㄧㄢˊ

ㄑㄧㄢ ㄉㄞˋ ㄊㄧㄢˊ

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

(～區) Chiyoda (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


一宮

/jɐt̚⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 一宮 (Ichinomiya).

(～市) Ichinomiya (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


鈴鹿

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 鈴鹿 (Suzuka).

(～市) Suzuka (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


五常

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ sœːŋ²¹/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²³/

/ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ¹³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ sœːŋ²¹/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²³/

/ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ¹³/

(～市) Wuchang (a county-level city of Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)

(～鎮) Wuchang (a town in Wuchang City, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)

(～街道) Wuchang (a subdistrict of Yuhang district, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


前橋

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ kʰiːu̯²¹/

(～市) Maebashi (a city in Gunma Prefecture, Japan)


大社

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² sɛː¹³/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² sɛː¹³/

(～區) Dashe (a district of Kaohsiung, Taiwan)


金沙

desc

→ English: Chinsha, Chin-sha, Chin Sha, Jinsha, Kinsha

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵/

(～縣) Jinsha County (a county of Bijie, Guizhou, China)

(～鎮) Jinsha (an urban township in Kinmen County, Taiwan)


金沙江

→ English: Chinsha Chiang, Chin-sha Chiang, Jinsha Jiang, Jin Sha Jiang, Kinsha Kiang, Kin Sha Kiang

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Named for the placer gold throughout its course.

During the Song, because of the great number of prospectors in the river, it was renamed as the Jinsha River.

Sòngdài yīnwéi hé zhōng chūxiàn dàliàng táojīnrén ér gǎichēng jīnshājiāng.

宋代因為河中出現大量淘金人而改稱金沙江。

宋代因为河中出现大量淘金人而改称金沙江。

The Jinsha River, the upper course of the Yangtze in western Sichuan.


黑水

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

(historical) the Amur River; Heilong Jiang

(～靺鞨) Heishui Mohe, a tribe of Mohe people along the Amur River

(～鎮) Heshui (a town in Jianping, Chaoyang, Liaoning, China)

(～鎮) Heshui (a town in Taonan, Baicheng, Jilin, China)

(～鎮) Heshui (a town in Youyang, Chongqing, China)

(～縣) Heshui (a county of Ngawa prefecture, Sichuan, China)


寺廟

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² miːu̯²²⁻³⁵/

/si²⁴²⁻⁵³ miɛu²⁴²/

/si²²⁻²¹ bio²²/

/si⁴¹⁻²² bio⁴¹/

/si²²⁻²¹ bio²²/

/si³³⁻¹¹ bio³³/

/si³³⁻²¹ biɤ³³/

/zz̩²² miɔ⁴⁴/

/zz̩²³ miæ¹¹/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² miːu̯²²⁻³⁵/

/si²⁴²⁻⁵³ miɛu²⁴²/

/si²²⁻²¹ bio²²/

/si⁴¹⁻²² bio⁴¹/

/si²²⁻²¹ bio²²/

/si³³⁻¹¹ bio³³/

/si³³⁻²¹ biɤ³³/

/zz̩²² miɔ⁴⁴/

/zz̩²³ miæ¹¹/


兵營

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (兵營):
* → Japanese: 兵営(へいえい) (heiei)
* → Korean: 병영(兵營) (byeong'yeong)

/piŋ⁵⁵ iŋ³⁵/

/pɪŋ⁵⁵ jɪŋ²¹/

/pin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ iaŋ¹¹/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ³³ iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iã¹³/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iã²³/

/pĩã³³⁻²³ ĩã⁵⁵/

/piŋ⁵⁵ iŋ³⁵/

/pɪŋ⁵⁵ jɪŋ²¹/

/pin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ iaŋ¹¹/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ³³ iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iã¹³/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iã²⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iã²³/

/pĩã³³⁻²³ ĩã⁵⁵/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Bingying (a town in Zhuxi, Shiyan, Hubei, China, formerly a township)


哈萊姆

/xä⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː⁵⁵ lɔːi̯²¹ mou̯¹³/

/xä⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː⁵⁵ lɔːi̯²¹ mou̯¹³/

(～區) Harlem (a neighbourhood of Manhattan, New York)


西江

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

From its location relative to the main course of the Pearl River.

(～鄉) Xijiang (a township in Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


鄂州

→ English: Ezhou, O-chou

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ŋouʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sieu⁵⁵/

/ɡɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɡɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡siu³³/

/ɡɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɡɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɡɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ŋoʔ¹¹ t͡sɤ²³/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ŋouʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sieu⁵⁵/

/ɡɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɡɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡siu³³/

/ɡɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɡɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɡɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ŋoʔ¹¹ t͡sɤ²³/

(～市) Ezhou (a prefecture-level city of Hubei, China)

經濟技術開發區 經濟技術開發區#Chinese

(～經濟技術開發區) Ezhou (an economic and technological development zone in Ezhou, Hubei, China)


武昌

desc

→ English: Wuchang, Ou-tchang, Wu-ch'ang, Wu-chang, Voutchang

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mou̯¹³ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mou̯¹³ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

(～區) Wuchang (a district of Wuhan, Hubei, China)


金水

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐm⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐm⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

From 金 ("Jin dynasty") + 水 ("water", "river", "stream").

(～區) Jinshui (a district of Zhengzhou, Henan, China)


土城

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tʰou̯³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/tʰu³¹ saŋ¹¹/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ¹³⁻²² siã¹³/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ²³⁻³³ siã²³/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tʰou̯³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/tʰu³¹ saŋ¹¹/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ¹³⁻²² siã¹³/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tʰɔ²³⁻³³ siã²³/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

a township in Wuxi County, Chongqing, China

(～區) Tucheng (a district of New Taipei City, Taiwan)

(～鎮) Tucheng (a town in Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Tucheng (a town in Wuxi, Chongqing, China, formerly a township)

(～鄉) Tucheng (a township in Dianjun district, Yichang, Hubei, China)


大內

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² nɔːi̯²²/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² nɔːi̯²²/

(～區) Danei (a district of Tainan, Taiwan)


鳳凰城

ㄈㄥˋ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄥˊ

ㄈㄥˋ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄥˊ

/fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/fʊŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/fʊŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

(chiefly Taiwan, Hong Kong) Phoenix (a city, the state capital of Arizona, United States)


登州

→ English: Dengzhou, Tengchow

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Dengzhou (a historical prefecture of Shandong, China, whose capital was located in present-day Penglai)

short for 登嘉樓州／登嘉楼州 (Dēngjiālóu zhōu, “Terengganu (a state of Malaysia)”)


西湖

→ English: West Lake (calque)

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²³/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²³/

; “West Lake (in Hangzhou)”
; “Xihu District, Hangzhou”

West Lake (a lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)

(～區) Xihu (a district of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)

(～郡) Tây Hồ (a district of Hanoi, Vietnam)

(～鄉) Xihu, Sihu (a rural township in Miaoli County, Taiwan)

(～社區) Xihu (a residential community in Zhicheng, Yidu, Yichang, Hubei, China)

(～村) Sihu, Xihu (a rural village in Cimei, Penghu County, Taiwan)

Slender West Lake
Slender West Lake#English

(inexact) synonym of 瘦西湖 (Shòuxīhú), Slender West Lake (a lake in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China)


太湖

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ wuː²¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ wuː²¹/

(～縣) Taihu (a county of Anqing, Anhui, China)


鄂城

→ English: Echeng, Ocheng, O-ch'eng

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² sɪŋ²¹/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² sɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Echeng (a district of Ezhou, Hubei, China)


禮縣

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/lɐi̯¹³ jyːn²²/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/lɐi̯¹³ jyːn²²/

Li County (a county of Longnan, Gansu, China)


龍山

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san³³/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san³³/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Longshan (a town in Zhangqiu district, Jinan, Shandong, China, where the Longshan culture was discovered)

(～縣) Longshan (a county of Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China)

(～區) Longshan (a district of Liaoyuan, Jilin, China)

(～區) Yongsan (a district of Seoul, South Korea)

(～鎮) Longshan (a town in Danjiangkou, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


燕子河

/jɛn⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹ xɤ³⁵/

/jɛn⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹ xɤ³⁵/

The Yanzi River, a creek in central China's Gansu province


貴港

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐi̯³³ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐi̯³³ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

(～市) Guigang (a prefecture-level city of the Guangxi autonomous region, China)


貴縣

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

(historical) Guixian, Gui County (a former county of Guangxi, China; now Guigang)


秦州

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～區) Qinzhou (a district of Tianshui, Gansu, China)


天水

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

(～市) Tianshui (a prefecture-level city of Gansu, China)

(～郡) (historical) Tianshui (a commandery ancient China)


諾威

/nu̯ɔ⁵¹ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/nɔːk̚² wɐi̯⁵⁵/

/nu̯ɔ⁵¹ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/nɔːk̚² wɐi̯⁵⁵/

I don't know what it's like in other countries. I only know that a Norwegian [named] Hamsun has [written] a novel called Hunger [in which] vulgar speech is plenty, but I have by no means seen this kind of thing [referring to 他媽的 /他妈的 (tāmāde)].

1925, 魯迅, 論「他媽的！」

別的國度裏怎樣，我不知道。單知道諾威人Hamsun有一本小說叫《飢餓》，粗野的口吻是很多的，但我並不見這一類話。

1925, 魯迅, 論「他媽的！」

别的国度里怎样，我不知道。单知道诺威人Hamsun有一本小说叫《饥饿》，粗野的口吻是很多的，但我并不见这一类话。

(obsolete) Norway (a country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe)


二里頭

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

(～村) Erlitou (a village in Yanshi district, Luoyang, Henan, China), site of the Erlitou culture, sometimes identified with the Xia dynasty


富裕

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/fuː³³ jyː²²/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ lu³³/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ zu³³/

/pu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/pu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/fuː³³ jyː²²/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ lu³³/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ zu³³/

/pu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/pu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

(～街道) Fuyu Subdistrict (a subdistrict of Jilin, China)


富裕

Adapted from the name of the Wuyu'er River (乌裕尔河) in its territory. The name―alternatively written as Wu-yu(-er), Hu-yu(-er), Fu-yu(-er), Pu-yu throughout history―came from the Jurchen language, meaning “a low-lying area”.

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/fuː³³ jyː²²/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ lu³³/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ zu³³/

/pu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/pu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/fuː³³ jyː²²/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ lu³³/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zu²²/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ zu³³/

/pu²¹⁻⁵³ lu²²/

/pu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lu⁴¹/

(～縣) Fuyu County (a county of Heilongjiang, China)

(～鎮) Fuyu Town (a town in Fuyu County, Heilongjiang, China)


二里崗

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～村) Erligang (a village in Henan, China), site of the Bronze-Age Erligang culture


半坡

/pän⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/pän⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

(～村) Banpo (a village in Shaanxi, China), site of the Banpo culture or the Banpo phase (c. 7th millennium BC) of the Yangshao culture


大有

/tä⁵¹ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² jɐu̯¹³/

/da²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/du²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² jɐu̯¹³/

/da²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/du²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Dayou (a town in Xiangshui, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China)


天長

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

(～市) Tianchang (a county-level city of Chuzhou, Anhui, China)


鄉鎮

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐn³³/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tin²¹/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tin²¹/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tin¹¹/

/hiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tin²¹/

/hiũ⁴⁴⁻²² tin²¹/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐn³³/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tin²¹/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tin²¹/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tin¹¹/

/hiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tin²¹/

/hiũ⁴⁴⁻²² tin²¹/


芬蘭共和國

ㄈㄣ ㄌㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄈㄣ ㄌㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Фэньлань Гунхэго

/fən⁵⁵ län³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/fɐn⁵⁵ laːn²¹ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³⁻²² kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³⁻³³ kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² lan²⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/hun³³ lan²⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² hɔ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/fən⁵⁵ län³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/fɐn⁵⁵ laːn²¹ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

Republic of Finland
Republic of Finland#English:_Q33

Republic of Finland (long form of Finland: a country in Northern Europe)


汶川

/wən⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/wən⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Wenchuan (a county of Ngawa prefecture, Sichuan, China)


宇部

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 宇部 (Ube).

obor

(～市) Ube (a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan)


蘇州

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (蘇州):
* → Japanese: 蘇(そ)州(しゅう) (soshū)
* → Vietnamese: Tô Châu (蘇州)

desc

→ English: Suzhou, Su-chou, Soochow, Suchow, Suchou (obsolete)

→ Georgian: სუჭოუ (suč̣ou)

→ Lao: ຊູໂຈ (sū chō)

/su⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sou̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/su⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

/su⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sou̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/su⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

(～市) Suzhou (a prefecture-level city of Jiangsu, China)

(historical) Su (a former imperial prefecture in modern Jiangsu, China, surrounding the city)


吳縣

/u³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ŋ̍²¹ jyːn²²/

/u³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ŋ̍²¹ jyːn²²/

(historical) Wu County (a former county of Jiangsu, China)

(～市) (historical) Wuxian (a former county-level city of Jiangsu, China; now part of Suzhou, Jiangsu, China)


國立

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ laːp̚²/

/kʷɔːk̚³ lɐp̚²/

/kɔk̚⁵⁵ lip̚³²/

/kɒʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ liʔ⁴/

/kɒʔ²⁻⁴ liʔ⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ lip̚⁴/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ lip̚²⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ lip̚¹²¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ lip̚⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ lip̚⁴/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ laːp̚²/

/kʷɔːk̚³ lɐp̚²/

/kɔk̚⁵⁵ lip̚³²/

/kɒʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ liʔ⁴/

/kɒʔ²⁻⁴ liʔ⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ lip̚⁴/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ lip̚²⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ lip̚¹²¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ lip̚⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ lip̚⁴/


橋頭

→ English: Chiaotou, Ch'iao-t'ou, Ciaotou, Qiaotou

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio¹³⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/kio²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/kiɤ²³⁻³³ tʰau²³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio¹³⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/kio²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/kiɤ²³⁻³³ tʰau²³/

2016 December 13, 0:15 from the start, in Renovated century-old pharmacy the new tourist attraction in Kaohsiung’s Ciaotou District, Formosa TV:

Kaohsiung’s Ciaotou District has been best known for its fields of cosmos, but the district’s promotion of community-based tourism this year is now letting visitors better know old buildings and the stories behind them.

Gāoxióng Qiáotóu de huāhǎi xīyǐn yóukè zhùzú tèbié de shì jīnnián hái jiéhé shèqū guānguāng ràng rén lái kàn lǎo fángzi tīng lǎo gùshì

高雄橋頭的花海吸引遊客駐足特別的是今年還結合社區觀光讓人來看老房子聽老故事

高雄桥头的花海吸引游客驻足特别的是今年还结合社区观光让人来看老房子听老故事

(～區) Ciaotou (a district of Kaohsiung, Taiwan)

(～鎮) Qiaotou (a town in Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)

(～鎮) Qiaotou (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)

(～村) Qiaotou (a village in Futian, Wushan, Chongqing, China)


曲尺

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sʰɛːk̚³/

/t͡ɕʰyəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ t͡sʰəʔ²/

/kʰy²⁴ t͡sʰiɔ²⁴/

/kʰuoʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒuɔʔ²⁴/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰioʔ⁵/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɤʔ³²/

/kʰøk̚³³ t͡sʰɪk̚³³/

/t͡ɕʰioʔ³³ t͡sʰaʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁴⁴ t͡sʰɑʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³ t͡sʰz̩¹³/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sʰɛːk̚³/

/t͡ɕʰyəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ t͡sʰəʔ²/

/kʰy²⁴ t͡sʰiɔ²⁴/

/kʰuoʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒuɔʔ²⁴/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰioʔ⁵/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰioʔ³²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɤʔ³²/

/kʰøk̚³³ t͡sʰɪk̚³³/

/t͡ɕʰioʔ³³ t͡sʰaʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁴⁴ t͡sʰɑʔ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³ t͡sʰz̩¹³/

(～鄉) Quchi (a township in Wushan, Chongqing, China)

(～村) Quchi (a village in Quchi, Wushan, Chongqing, China)


池袋

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ tɔːi̯²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ tɔːi̯²²/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 池(いけ)袋(ぶくろ) (Ikebukuro).


倉敷

/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 倉敷 (Kurashiki).

obor

(～市) Kurashiki (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)


同仁

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/

/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ zin²³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/

/tɔŋ²³⁻³³ zin²³/

/tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Tongren (a county-level city and former county of Huangnan prefecture, Qinghai, China)


雲霄

/yn³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wɐn²¹ siːu̯⁵⁵/

/huŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nieu⁵⁵/

/yn³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wɐn²¹ siːu̯⁵⁵/

/huŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nieu⁵⁵/

/un²⁴⁻¹¹ sio⁴⁴/

/un¹³⁻²² sio⁴⁴/

/un²⁴⁻²² sio⁴⁴/

/un²³⁻³³ siɤ⁴⁴/

/yn³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wɐn²¹ siːu̯⁵⁵/

/huŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nieu⁵⁵/

/un²⁴⁻¹¹ sio⁴⁴/

/un¹³⁻²² sio⁴⁴/

/un²⁴⁻²² sio⁴⁴/

/un²³⁻³³ siɤ⁴⁴/

(～縣) Yunxiao (a county of Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)


寮國

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/liːu̯²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/liau²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/liau²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/liau²³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/liːu̯²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/liau²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/liau²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/liau²³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/

(Taiwan, dated in Mainland China, Malaysia, Singapore) Laos (a country in Southeast Asia)


鹽水

→ English: Yanshuei, Yanshui, Yenshui

/jɛn³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/iæ̃²⁴ fi⁵¹/

/jiːm²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/iam²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/hi²² sz̩ʷ⁵¹/

/jɛn³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/iæ̃²⁴ fi⁵¹/

/jiːm²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/iam²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/hi²² sz̩ʷ⁵¹/

/jɛn³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

There have also been separate sightings of Formosan ring-necked pheasants perching in Beipu Borough in Jiangjun District and in Fandian Borough in the city’s Yanshuei District.

7 November 2017, Formosan ring-necked pheasants spotted in Tainan 西港金砂里 出現二十多隻台灣環頸雉, Taipei Times, 楊金城, EDWARD JONES, trans.

Cǐwài, Jiāngjūn Qū Běipǔ Lǐ, Yánshuǐ Qū Fàndiàn Lǐ yě yǒu Táiwān Huánjǐngzhì qīxí.

此外，將軍區北埔里、鹽水區飯店里也有台灣環頸雉棲息。

此外，将军区北埔里、盐水区饭店里也有台湾环颈雉栖息。

(～區) Yanshuei, Yanshui (a district of Tainan, Taiwan)


濱海

/pin⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐn⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/piŋ³³⁻²³ hai⁵²/

/pin⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐn⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/piŋ³³⁻²³ hai⁵²/

(～新區) Binhai (a subprovincial district and state-level new area in Tianjin, China)


烏蘭察布

ㄨ ㄌㄢˊ ㄔㄚˊ ㄅㄨˋ

ㄨ ㄌㄢˊ ㄔㄚˊ ㄅㄨˋ

/u⁵⁵ län³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ pu⁵¹/

/wuː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ t͡sʰaːt̚³ pou̯³³/

/u⁵⁵ län³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ pu⁵¹/

/wuː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ t͡sʰaːt̚³ pou̯³³/

(～市) Ulanqab (a prefecture-level city of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


渭城

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～區) Weicheng (a district of Xianyang, Shaanxi, China)


羅省

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔː²¹ saːŋ³⁵/

/lᵘɔ²² saŋ⁵⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔː²¹ saːŋ³⁵/

/lᵘɔ²² saŋ⁵⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of English Los Angeles.
Compare Japanese 羅府 (Rafu, “Los Angeles”) and Korean 나성(羅城) (Naseong, “Los Angeles”).

zh-l

羅省技利／罗省技利 (Luóshěngjìlì)

(dated or dialectal) Los Angeles (a large city in California, United States)


阿克蘇

→ English: Akesu, A-k'o-su

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ su⁵⁵/

/aː³³ hɐk̚⁵ sou̯⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ su⁵⁵/

/aː³³ hɐk̚⁵ sou̯⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Manchu ᠠᡴᠰᡠ (aksu), from Middle Mongol ᠠᠭᠰᠤ (aɣsu), from Chagatai آقسُو (Āqsū), اکسو (Aksū). Compare Uyghur ئاقسۇ (aqsu), Written Oirat ᠠᡎᠰᡇ, Tibetan ཨག་སུ (ag su).

(～地區) Aksu (a prefecture of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～市) Aksu (a county-level city of Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


安吉

→ English: Anji, Anchi

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kɐt̚⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kɐt̚⁵/

(～縣) Anji (a county of Huzhou, Zhejiang, China)


寶雞

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ kɐi̯⁵⁵/

/po³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ie⁵⁵/

/pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ kɐi̯⁵⁵/

/po³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ie⁵⁵/

/pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ke⁴⁴/

(～市) Baoji (a prefecture-level city of Shaanxi, China)


徽州

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/fɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/fɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Huizhou (an ancient prefecture in modern Anhui and Jiangxi, China)

(～區) Huizhou (a district of Huangshan, Anhui, China)


蒲團

/pʰu³⁵ tʰu̯än³⁵/

/pʰou̯²¹ tʰyːn²¹/

/pʰu³⁵ tʰu̯än³⁵/

/pʰou̯²¹ tʰyːn²¹/

(～鄉) Putuan (a township in Huarong district, Ezhou, Hubei, China)


大馬

/tä⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² maː¹³/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ be⁵²/

/tä⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² maː¹³/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ be⁵²/

(colloquial) Malaysia (a country in Asia)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Dama (a town in Yanling, Xuchang, Henan, China, formerly a township)


克里米亞

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄇㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄇㄧˇ ㄧㄚˇ

/kʰɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ lei̯¹³ mɐi̯¹³ aː³³/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ lei̯¹³ mɐi̯¹³ aː³³/

Borrowed from English Crimea, likely via a spelling pronunciation.

Crimea (a geographic region and peninsula in Eastern Europe, jutting out into the Black Sea; de facto occupied and annexed in 2014 as a republic of Russia, but internationally recognized as an autonomous republic of Ukraine :)


馬賽

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹/

/maː¹³ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai⁴¹/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai¹¹/

/mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹/

/maː¹³ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai⁴¹/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai¹¹/

/mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹/

1891, 薛福成 [Xue Fucheng], 出使英法義比四國日記, volume 1, page 33:

Mǎsài kāidì zuì gǔ. Kǎo xīlì qián wǔ liù bǎi nián, Xīlàrén yóu Yàxìyà ér lái zhě, xiān zhì shì chù, suì chéng dūhuì.

馬賽開地最古。攷西曆前五六百年，希臘人由亞細亞而來者，先至是處，遂成都會。

马赛开地最古。攷西历前五六百年，希腊人由亚细亚而来者，先至是处，遂成都会。

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Marseille (the capital city of Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; the capital city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)


馬六甲

ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄚˇ

ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄚˇ

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ lʊk̚² kaːp̚³/

/ma⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ lak̚⁴⁻³ kaʔ³/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ lʊk̚² kaːp̚³/

/ma⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ lak̚⁴⁻³ kaʔ³/

Borrowed from Malay Melaka, via Hokkien.

1824, 尚德 [Walter Henry Medhurst], 咬𠺕吧總論, page 5:

Qiě Yǎoliúba zhī dìtǔ, shènwéi féihòu, shèng yú Mǎliùjiǎ jí Jùgǎng děng chù zhī dìtǔ, yīn yǒu duō huǒshān zhī cáiliào, yǔ qí tǔní jiāocān, yòu yīn tiānshàng jiàngyǔ shí, shān biān zhī líng tǔ, tóng liú xià píngdì qù, zhì qí tǔ miàn chéng hòu, suǒyǐ wéi féi yě.

且咬𠺕吧之地土，甚為肥厚，勝於馬六甲及巨港等處之地土，因有多火山之材料，與其土泥交參，又因天上降雨時，山邊之零土，同流下平地去，致其土面成厚，所以為肥也。

且咬𠺕吧之地土，甚为肥厚，胜于马六甲及巨港等处之地土，因有多火山之材料，与其土泥交参，又因天上降雨时，山边之零土，同流下平地去，致其土面成厚，所以为肥也。


來賓

/lɔːi̯²¹ pɐn⁵⁵/

/lai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ piŋ³³/

/lɔːi̯²¹ pɐn⁵⁵/

/lai⁵⁵⁻¹¹ piŋ³³/

(～市) Laibin (a prefecture-level city of the Guangxi autonomous region, China)


詔安

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/t͡siːu̯²² ɔːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sieu²¹³⁻⁵⁵ aŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ an³³/

/t͡siou²¹³⁻⁵⁵ aŋ³³/

/t͡siau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ aŋ³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/t͡siːu̯²² ɔːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sieu²¹³⁻⁵⁵ aŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ an³³/

/t͡siou²¹³⁻⁵⁵ aŋ³³/

/t͡siau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ aŋ³³/

(～縣) Zhao'an (a county of Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)


美利堅

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li³³⁻¹¹ kiɛn⁴⁴/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ li³³⁻²¹ kiɛn⁴⁴/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li³³⁻¹¹ kiɛn⁴⁴/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ li³³⁻²¹ kiɛn⁴⁴/

Phono-semantic matching of English American.


合眾國

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (合眾國):
* → Japanese: 合衆国(がっしゅうこく) (gasshūkoku)
* → Korean: 합중국(合衆國) (hapjungguk)
* → Vietnamese: hợp chúng quốc (合眾國)

ㄏㄜˊ ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄏㄜˊ ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/hɐp̚² t͡sʊŋ³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/hɐp̚² t͡sʊŋ³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

Calque of English United States, from 合 (hé, “union”) + 眾國／众国 (“democratic state”), probably coined by Elijah Coleman Bridgman before 1844. Soon rebracketed as 合眾／合众 + 國／国 (guó).

lang

訳語の意味変動 ― 日中韓における「合衆」

訳語の意味変動 ― 日中韓における「合衆」

第4回 漢字文化圏近代語研究会

第4回 漢字文化圏近代語研究会

It shall be lawful for the officers or citizens of the United States to employ scholars and people of any part of China without distinction of persons, to teach any of the languages of the empire, and to assist in literary labors.

Zhǔn Hézhòngguó guānmín yánqǐng Zhōngguó gèfāng shìmín rén děng jiàoxí gèfāng yǔyīn, bìng bāngbàn wénmò shìjiàn.

准合眾國官民延請中國各方士民人等教習各方語音，並幫辦文墨事件。

准合众国官民延请中国各方士民人等教习各方语音，并帮办文墨事件。

Hézhòngguó zhī shēnqí, jiē huìjí yú cǐ yì guózhèng. Chéng wéi Huáshèngdùn suǒ jiàn, nǎi Hézhòngguó chuàngyè zhī zǔ, gù jí míng qí chéng yuē Huáshèngdùn.

合眾國之紳耆，皆會集於此議國政。城為華盛頓所建，乃合眾國創業之祖，故即名其城曰華盛頓。

合众国之绅耆，皆会集于此议国政。城为华盛顿所建，乃合众国创业之祖，故即名其城曰华盛顿。

(now rare) United States (a country in North America)


北市

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/pɐk̚⁵ siː¹³/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/pɐk̚⁵ siː¹³/

(～區) Beishi (a district of Baoding, Hebei, China)


珀斯

/pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/pʰaːk̚³ siː⁵⁵/

/pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/pʰaːk̚³ siː⁵⁵/

Western Australia
Western Australia#English

Perth (the state capital of Western Australia)


西澳

/ɕi⁵⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ ou̯³³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ ou̯³³/

1904, Liang Qichao, 新大陸遊記 [Travel Notes of the New Continent], 廣智書局, published 1907, page 8:

Àozhōu zhī Xī'ào, Nán'ào liǎng shěng, xiàn néng jiě yīngyǔ wǔshí jù yǐshàng zhě, nǎi kě dēnglù.

澳洲之西澳、南澳兩省，限能解英語五十句以上者，乃可登陸。

澳洲之西澳、南澳两省，限能解英语五十句以上者，乃可登陆。

西澳大利亞 西澳大利亞#Chinese

西澳大利亚 西澳大利亚#Chinese

Western Australia
Western Australia#English:_Q3206

(～州) short for 西澳大利亞／西澳大利亚 (Xī-Àodàlìyà): Western Australia (a state of Australia, occupying the western third of the continent; a former British colony until 1901)


南澳

→ English: Nan'ao, Namoa

/nän³⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/lam²⁴⁻²² o²¹/

/lam²⁴⁻²² o⁴¹/

/lam¹³⁻²² o²¹/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ o¹¹/

/lam²³⁻³³ ɤ²¹/

/lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ o²¹³/

/nam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ o²¹³/

/nän³⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/lam²⁴⁻²² o²¹/

/lam²⁴⁻²² o⁴¹/

/lam¹³⁻²² o²¹/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ o¹¹/

/lam²³⁻³³ ɤ²¹/

/lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ o²¹³/

/nam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ o²¹³/

(～縣) Nan'ao (a county of Shantou, Guangdong, China)

(～鄉) Nan'ao (a mountain indigenous township in Yilan County, Taiwan)

澳洲之西澳、南澳兩省，限能解英語五十句以上者，乃可登陸。

澳洲之西澳、南澳两省，限能解英语五十句以上者，乃可登陆。

南澳大利亞 南澳大利亞#Chinese

南澳大利亚 南澳大利亚#Chinese

South Australia
South Australia#English:_Q3206

(～州) short for 南澳大利亞／南澳大利亚 (Nán-Àodàlìyà): South Australia (a state of Australia, located in the central southern part of the continent; a former British colony until 1901)


維省

/weɪ̯³⁵ ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/weɪ̯³⁵ ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Victoria (a state of Australia, located in the southeastern part of the continent; a former British colony from 1851 to 1901)


天河

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (天河):
* → Japanese: 天(てん)河(が) (Tenga)
* → Korean: 천하(天河) (Cheonha)
* → Vietnamese: thiên hà (天河)

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/tʰiæ̃²⁴ xə²⁴/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/hen³³ hᵘɔ²²/

/tʰin³³ hɔ⁴²/

/ˈtʰiɛn⁴² ho²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ho¹¹/

/tʰie¹¹ xɤ¹¹/

/tʰiŋ⁵⁴ ɔ²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ho²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/tʰĩ³³⁻²³ ho⁵⁵/

/tʰi⁵⁵ ɦu²¹/

/tʰi̯ẽ³³ xo¹³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/tʰiæ̃²⁴ xə²⁴/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/hen³³ hᵘɔ²²/

/tʰin³³ hɔ⁴²/

/ˈtʰiɛn⁴² ho²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ho¹¹/

/tʰie¹¹ xɤ¹¹/

/tʰiŋ⁵⁴ ɔ²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ho²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/tʰĩ³³⁻²³ ho⁵⁵/

/tʰi⁵⁵ ɦu²¹/

/tʰi̯ẽ³³ xo¹³/

(～區) Tianhe (a district of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)


三峽

/sän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 三峡(さんきょう) (Sankyō), from Hokkien 三角湧 /三角涌 (Saⁿ-kak-éng).

(～區, formerly ～鎮) Sanxia (a district of New Taipei City, Taiwan)


海牙

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ ŋaː²¹/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ ŋaː²¹/

Probably from French La Haye or Portuguese Haia.

The Hague (the administrative capital of the Netherlands)


雷克雅維克

ㄌㄟˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄧㄚˇ ㄨㄟˊ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄌㄟˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄧㄚˇ ㄨㄟˊ ㄎㄜˋ

/leɪ̯³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/lɵy̯²¹ hɐk̚⁵ ŋaː¹³ wɐi̯²¹ hɐk̚⁵/

/le²² kʰəʔ⁵⁵ ia³³ vi³³ kʰəʔ²¹/

/leɪ̯³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/lɵy̯²¹ hɐk̚⁵ ŋaː¹³ wɐi̯²¹ hɐk̚⁵/

/le²² kʰəʔ⁵⁵ ia³³ vi³³ kʰəʔ²¹/

(Taiwan) Reykjavík (the capital city of Iceland)


奧斯陸

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ lu⁵¹/

/ou̯³³ siː⁵⁵ lʊk̚²/

/o⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ³³ liɔk̚²⁴/

/o²¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴⁻²² liɔk̚⁴/

/o¹¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔk̚⁴/

/o²¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴⁻²² liɔk̚¹²¹/

/ɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ su⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔk̚⁴/

/ɔ³³ sz̩⁵⁵ loʔ²¹/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ lu⁵¹/

/ou̯³³ siː⁵⁵ lʊk̚²/

/o⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ³³ liɔk̚²⁴/

/o²¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴⁻²² liɔk̚⁴/

/o¹¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔk̚⁴/

/o²¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴⁻²² liɔk̚¹²¹/

/ɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ su⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔk̚⁴/

/ɔ³³ sz̩⁵⁵ loʔ²¹/


哥本哈根

ㄍㄜ ㄅㄣˇ ㄏㄚ ㄍㄣ

ㄍㄜ ㄅㄣˇ ㄏㄚ ㄍㄣ

Гэбэньхагэнь

/kɤ⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ xä⁵⁵ kən⁵⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ puːn³⁵ haː⁵⁵ kɐn⁵⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kun⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kin⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ha⁴⁴⁻³³ kin⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ha⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/ku⁵⁵ pən³³ ha³³ kən²¹/

/kɤ⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ xä⁵⁵ kən⁵⁵/

/kɔː⁵⁵ puːn³⁵ haː⁵⁵ kɐn⁵⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kun⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kin⁴⁴/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ha⁴⁴⁻³³ kin⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ha⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/ku⁵⁵ pən³³ ha³³ kən²¹/

From English Copenhagen, from Low German Kopenhagen, calque of Danish København, from Old Danish Køpmannæhafn.

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


地拉那

/ti⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/tei̯²² laːi̯⁵⁵ naː¹³/

/te⁴¹⁻²² la³³ nã⁴¹/

/te²²⁻²¹ la⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³/

/ti⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/tei̯²² laːi̯⁵⁵ naː¹³/

/te⁴¹⁻²² la³³ nã⁴¹/

/te²²⁻²¹ la⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³/

Tirana (the capital and largest city of Albania)


貝爾格萊德

ㄅㄟˋ ㄦˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄞˊ ㄉㄜˊ

ㄅㄟˋ ㄦˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄞˊ ㄉㄜˊ

Бэйэргэлайдэ

/peɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/puːi̯³³ jiː¹³ kaːk̚³ lɔːi̯²¹ tɐk̚⁵/

/pue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ lai²⁴⁻²² tiak̚⁵/

/pue²¹⁻⁵³ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lai²⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²/

/pue²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ lai¹³⁻²² tiɪk̚³²/

/pe³³ ɦəl⁵⁵ kaʔ³³ le³³ təʔ²¹/

/peɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/puːi̯³³ jiː¹³ kaːk̚³ lɔːi̯²¹ tɐk̚⁵/

/pe³³ ɦəl⁵⁵ kaʔ³³ le³³ təʔ²¹/

(Mainland China) Belgrade (the capital city of Serbia)


布魯塞爾

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄙㄞˋ ㄦˇ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄙㄜˋ ㄦˇ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄙㄞˋ ㄦˇ

/pu⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pu⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pou̯³³ lou̯¹³ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ jiː¹³/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹⁻⁵³ nĩ⁵³/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zĩ⁵³/

/pu³³ lu⁵⁵ se³³ ɦəl²¹/

/pu⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pu⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pou̯³³ lou̯¹³ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ jiː¹³/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹⁻⁵³ nĩ⁵³/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zĩ⁵³/

/pu³³ lu⁵⁵ se³³ ɦəl²¹/


貝魯特

/peɪ̯⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/puːi̯³³ lou̯¹³ tɐk̚²/

/pue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiak̚²⁴/

/pue²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚⁴/

/pue¹¹⁻⁵³ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚⁴/

/pue²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚¹²¹/

/pue²¹⁻⁴¹ lɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚⁴/

/peɪ̯⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/puːi̯³³ lou̯¹³ tɐk̚²/

/pue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiak̚²⁴/

/pue²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚⁴/

/pue¹¹⁻⁵³ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚⁴/

/pue²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚¹²¹/

/pue²¹⁻⁴¹ lɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚⁴/


薩拉熱窩

ㄙㄚˋ ㄌㄚ ㄖㄜˋ ㄨㄛ

ㄙㄚˋ ㄌㄚ ㄖㄜˋ ㄨㄛ

/sä⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ ʐɤ⁵¹ wɔ⁵⁵/

/saːt̚³ laːi̯⁵⁵ jiːt̚² wɔː⁵⁵/

/sat̚³²⁻⁴ la⁴⁴⁻²² liɛt̚⁴⁻³² o⁴⁴/

/sat̚⁵⁻²⁴ la³³ liɛt̚²⁴⁻² o³³/

/sat̚³²⁻⁵ la⁴⁴⁻²² d͡ziɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ o⁴⁴/

/saʔ³³ la⁵⁵ n̠ʲiɪʔ³³ u²¹/

/sä⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ ʐɤ⁵¹ wɔ⁵⁵/

/saːt̚³ laːi̯⁵⁵ jiːt̚² wɔː⁵⁵/

/sat̚³²⁻⁴ la⁴⁴⁻²² liɛt̚⁴⁻³² o⁴⁴/

/sat̚⁵⁻²⁴ la³³ liɛt̚²⁴⁻² o³³/

/sat̚³²⁻⁵ la⁴⁴⁻²² d͡ziɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ o⁴⁴/

/saʔ³³ la⁵⁵ n̠ʲiɪʔ³³ u²¹/

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

(Mainland China) Sarajevo (the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina)


薩格勒布

ㄙㄚˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄜˋ ㄅㄨˋ

ㄙㄚˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄜˋ ㄅㄨˋ

/sä⁵¹ kɤ³⁵ lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/sat̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ liak̚²⁴⁻² pɔ⁴¹/

/sat̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɪk̚⁴⁻³² pɔ²¹/

/sat̚³²⁻⁵ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ liɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pɔ²¹/

/saʔ³³ kaʔ⁵⁵ ləʔ³³ pu²¹/

/sä⁵¹ kɤ³⁵ lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/sat̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ liak̚²⁴⁻² pɔ⁴¹/

/sat̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɪk̚⁴⁻³² pɔ²¹/

/sat̚³²⁻⁵ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ liɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pɔ²¹/

/saʔ³³ kaʔ⁵⁵ ləʔ³³ pu²¹/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Zagreb (the capital city of Croatia)


盧布爾雅那

ㄌㄨˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄦˇ ㄧㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ

ㄌㄨˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄦˇ ㄧㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ

/lu³⁵ pu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/lou̯²¹ pou̯³³ jiː¹³ ŋaː¹³ naː¹³/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ŋã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nã⁴¹/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ŋã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nã⁵³/

/lɔ¹³⁻²² pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ŋɛ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nã⁵³/

/lu²² pu⁵⁵ ɦəl³³ ia³³ na²¹/

/lu³⁵ pu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/lou̯²¹ pou̯³³ jiː¹³ ŋaː¹³ naː¹³/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ŋã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nã⁵³/

/lu²² pu⁵⁵ ɦəl³³ ia³³ na²¹/

(Mainland China) Ljubljana (the capital city of Slovenia)


波德戈里察

ㄅㄛ ㄉㄜˊ ㄍㄜ ㄌㄧˇ ㄔㄚˊ

ㄅㄛ ㄉㄜˊ ㄍㄜ ㄌㄧˇ ㄔㄚˊ

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ kʷɔː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ t͡sʰaːt̚³/

/pʰo³³ tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ kɔ³³ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰat̚⁵/

/po⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ko⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰat̚³²/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ko⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰat̚³²/

/pu⁵⁵ təʔ³³ ku³³ li³³ t͡sʰaʔ²¹/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ kʷɔː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ t͡sʰaːt̚³/

/pu⁵⁵ təʔ³³ ku³³ li³³ t͡sʰaʔ²¹/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Podgorica (the capital city of Montenegro)


瓦杜茲

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ tou̯²² t͡siː⁵⁵/

/ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ²² t͡sɯ³³/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁴⁴/

/ŋo²² du⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ tou̯²² t͡siː⁵⁵/

/ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ²² t͡sɯ³³/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁴⁴/

/ŋo²² du⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

(Mainland China) Vaduz (the capital city of Liechtenstein)


阿拉木圖

ㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄇㄨˋ ㄊㄨˊ

ㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄇㄨˋ ㄊㄨˊ

/ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ mu⁵¹ tʰu³⁵/

/aː³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ mʊk̚² tʰou̯²¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ mu⁵¹ tʰu³⁵/

/aː³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ mʊk̚² tʰou̯²¹/


莫爾茲比港

ㄇㄛˋ ㄦˇ ㄗ ㄅㄧˇ ㄍㄤˇ

ㄇㄛˋ ㄦˇ ㄗ ㄅㄧˇ ㄍㄤˇ

Моэрцзыби ган

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English

Port Moresby (the capital of Papua New Guinea)


斯里巴加灣

ㄙ ㄌㄧˇ ㄅㄚ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄨㄢ

ㄙ ㄌㄧˇ ㄅㄚ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄨㄢ

Сыли Бацзявань

/sz̩⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ paː⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/

/sɯ³³ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pa³³ ka³³ uan³³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pa⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² uan⁴⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pa⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² uan⁴⁴/

/sz̩⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ paː⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/

/sɯ³³ li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pa³³ ka³³ uan³³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pa⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² uan⁴⁴/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pa⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² uan⁴⁴/

Bandar Seri Begawan
Bandar Seri Begawan#English

(Mainland Chinese) Bandar Seri Begawan (the capital city of Brunei)


廷布

/tʰiŋ³⁵ pu⁵¹/

/tʰɪŋ²¹ pou̯³³/

/tiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² pɔ²¹/

/tiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴¹/

/tiɪŋ¹³⁻²² pɔ²¹/

/tiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pɔ¹¹/

/tiɪŋ²³⁻³³ pɔ²¹/

/tʰiŋ³⁵ pu⁵¹/

/tʰɪŋ²¹ pou̯³³/

/tiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² pɔ²¹/

/tiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴¹/

/tiɪŋ¹³⁻²² pɔ²¹/

/tiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pɔ¹¹/

/tiɪŋ²³⁻³³ pɔ²¹/

Borrowed from Dzongkha ཐིམ་ཕུ (thim phu).

(Mainland China) Thimphu (the capital city of Bhutan)


哈瓦那

/xä⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/haː⁵⁵ ŋaː¹³ naː¹³/

/xä⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/haː⁵⁵ ŋaː¹³ naː¹³/

Havana (a city, the capital city of Cuba)


達卡

/tä³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːt̚² kʰaː⁵⁵/

/tat̚²⁴⁻² kʰaʔ⁵/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² kʰa⁵³/

/tat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰa⁵³/

/tä³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːt̚² kʰaː⁵⁵/

/tat̚²⁴⁻² kʰaʔ⁵/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² kʰa⁵³/

/tat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰa⁵³/

Dhaka (a city, the capital city of Bangladesh)


達卡

/tä³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːt̚² kʰaː⁵⁵/

/tat̚²⁴⁻² kʰaʔ⁵/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² kʰa⁵³/

/tat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰa⁵³/

/tä³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːt̚² kʰaː⁵⁵/

/tat̚²⁴⁻² kʰaʔ⁵/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² kʰa⁵³/

/tat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰa⁵³/

(chiefly Taiwan) Dakar (a city, the capital city of Senegal)


馬累

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ leɪ̯⁵¹/

/maː¹³ lɵy̯²²/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lui²²/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lui⁴¹/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lui²²/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lui³³/

/mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lui³³/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ leɪ̯⁵¹/

/maː¹³ lɵy̯²²/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lui²²/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lui⁴¹/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lui²²/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lui³³/

/mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lui³³/

(Mainland China) Malé (a city, the capital city of the Maldives)


帝力

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/tɐi̯³³ lɪk̚²/

/te⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liak̚²⁴/

/te²¹⁻⁵³ liɪk̚⁴/

/te²¹⁻⁵³ liɪk̚¹²¹/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/tɐi̯³³ lɪk̚²/

/te⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liak̚²⁴/

/te²¹⁻⁵³ liɪk̚⁴/

/te²¹⁻⁵³ liɪk̚¹²¹/

(Mainland China) Dili (a city, the capital city of East Timor)


迪拜

/ti³⁵ paɪ̯⁵¹/

/tɪk̚² paːi̯³³/

/ti³⁵ paɪ̯⁵¹/

/tɪk̚² paːi̯³³/

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

(chiefly Mainland China) Dubai (an emirate of the United Arab Emirates)

(chiefly Mainland China) Dubai (the capital city of Dubai emirate, United Arab Emirates)


麥納麥

/maɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ maɪ̯⁵¹/

/mɐk̚² naːp̚² mɐk̚²/

/biak̚²⁴⁻² lap̚²⁴⁻² biak̚²⁴/

/biɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ biɪk̚¹²¹/

/biɪk̚⁴⁻³² lap̚⁴⁻³² biɪk̚⁴/

/maɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ maɪ̯⁵¹/

/mɐk̚² naːp̚² mɐk̚²/

/biak̚²⁴⁻² lap̚²⁴⁻² biak̚²⁴/

/biɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ biɪk̚¹²¹/

/biɪk̚⁴⁻³² lap̚⁴⁻³² biɪk̚⁴/

(Mainland China) Manama (a city, the capital city of Bahrain)


馬斯喀特

ㄇㄚˇ ㄙ ㄎㄚ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄇㄚˇ ㄙ ㄎㄚ ㄊㄜˋ

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/maː¹³ siː⁵⁵ kʰaː³³ tɐk̚²/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ³³ kʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ tiak̚²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ tiɪk̚¹²¹/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ tiɪk̚⁴/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/maː¹³ siː⁵⁵ kʰaː³³ tɐk̚²/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ³³ kʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ tiak̚²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ tiɪk̚¹²¹/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ tiɪk̚⁴/


尼科西亞

ㄋㄧˊ ㄎㄜ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄋㄧˊ ㄎㄜ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˇ

/ni³⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/ni³⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯²¹ fɔː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² kʰə³³ se³³ a³³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲi²² kʰu⁵⁵ ɕi³³ ia²¹/

/ni³⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/ni³⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nei̯²¹ fɔː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² kʰə³³ se³³ a³³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² kʰo⁴⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲi²² kʰu⁵⁵ ɕi³³ ia²¹/

(Mainland China) Nicosia (the capital city of Cyprus)


拉姆安拉

/lä⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/lä⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

(chiefly Mainland China) Ramallah (a city in Palestine)


利雅得

/li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵/

/lei̯²² ŋaː¹³ tɐk̚⁵/

/li⁴¹⁻²² ŋã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiak̚⁵/

/li²²⁻²¹ ŋã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²/

/li²²⁻²¹ ŋɛ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²/

/li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵/

/lei̯²² ŋaː¹³ tɐk̚⁵/

/li⁴¹⁻²² ŋã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiak̚⁵/

/li²²⁻²¹ ŋã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²/

/li²²⁻²¹ ŋɛ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Riyadh (the capital city of Saudi Arabia)

(～省) a province of Saudi Arabia; capital: Riyadh


亞松森

/jä⁵¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/aː³³ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ sɐm⁵⁵/

/jä⁵¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/aː³³ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ sɐm⁵⁵/

Asunción (a city, the capital city of Paraguay)


波哥大

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹/

/pɔː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵ taːi̯²²/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ tä⁵¹/

/pɔː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵ taːi̯²²/


巴西利亞

ㄅㄚ ㄒㄧ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄅㄚ ㄒㄧ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ lei̯²² aː³³/

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ lei̯²² aː³³/

Distrito Federal
Distrito Federal#English

Brasília (a municipality, the capital city of Brazil; the capital of Distrito Federal, Brazil)


卡拉卡斯

ㄎㄚˇ ㄌㄚ ㄎㄚˇ ㄙ

ㄎㄚˇ ㄌㄚ ㄎㄚˇ ㄙ

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/


利馬

/li⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li⁴¹⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ mã⁵³/

/li⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li⁴¹⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ mã⁵³/


蒙得維的亞

ㄇㄥˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄉㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄇㄥˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄉㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

/mɤŋ³⁵ tɤ³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ ti³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/mɤŋ³⁵ tɤ³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ ti³⁵ jä⁵¹/

Montevideo (a city, the capital city of Uruguay)


基多

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/


拉巴斯

/lä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/lä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/


聖地牙哥

ㄕㄥˋ ㄉㄧˋ ㄧㄚˊ ㄍㄜ

ㄕㄥˋ ㄉㄧˋ ㄧㄚˊ ㄍㄜ

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹ jä³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ tei̯²² ŋaː²¹ kɔː⁵⁵/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ te³³⁻²¹ ɡe²³⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tue³³⁻¹¹ ɡe²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁴⁴/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹ jä³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ tei̯²² ŋaː²¹ kɔː⁵⁵/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ te³³⁻²¹ ɡe²³⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tue³³⁻¹¹ ɡe²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁴⁴/

(Taiwan) Santiago (various cities in Hispanophone countries, including the capital of Chile)


聖地亞哥

ㄕㄥˋ ㄉㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ ㄍㄜ

ㄕㄥˋ ㄉㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ ㄍㄜ

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹ kɤ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ tei̯²² aː³³ kɔː⁵⁵/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ te²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ te⁴¹⁻²² a³³ ko³³/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹ kɤ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ tei̯²² aː³³ kɔː⁵⁵/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ te²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ te⁴¹⁻²² a³³ ko³³/

San Diego (city in California, United States.)


喬治敦

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tu̯ən⁵⁵/


比勒陀利亞

ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄜˋ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄜˋ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

Pretoria (a city, the administrative capital of South Africa)


拉巴特

/lä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/

/lä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/

Rabat (the capital city of Morocco, and capital city of the region of Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco)


喀土穆

/kʰä⁵⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹/

/kʰä⁵⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹/


開普敦

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ pʰou̯³⁵ tɵn⁵⁵/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ pʰou̯³⁵ tɵn⁵⁵/

Cape Town (a city, the legislative capital of South Africa)


布隆方丹

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄈㄤ ㄉㄢ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄈㄤ ㄉㄢ

Булунфандань

/pu⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/pu⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/

From Afrikaans Bloemfontein (literally “fountain of flowers”). Doublet of 布隆泉 (Bùlóngquán).

bor

(chiefly Mainland China, Hong Kong) Bloemfontein (a major city and judicial capital of South Africa)


阿爾及爾

/ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


盧安達

/lu³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ tä³⁵/

/lou̯²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵ taːt̚²/

/lu³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ tä³⁵/

/lou̯²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵ taːt̚²/

(Taiwan) Rwanda (a country in East Africa)


金沙薩

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ sä⁵¹/

/kɐm⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵ saːt̚³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ sä⁵¹/

/kɐm⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵ saːt̚³/

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

(Mainland China) Kinshasa (a city, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


哈拉雷

/xä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ leɪ̯³⁵/

/xä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ leɪ̯³⁵/


基輔羅斯

ㄐㄧ ㄈㄨˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ

ㄐㄧ ㄈㄨˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/kei̯⁵⁵ fuː²² lɔː²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/kei̯⁵⁵ fuː²² lɔː²¹ siː⁵⁵/

(historical) Kievan Rus (a medieval principality in Eastern Europe centred around Kyiv; at its maximum extent covering much of modern Ukraine, Belarus and western Russia and considered an early predecessor of each country)


加沙地帶

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄕㄚ ㄉㄧˋ ㄉㄞˋ

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄕㄚ ㄉㄧˋ ㄉㄞˋ

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵ tei̯²² taːi̯³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵ tei̯²² taːi̯³³/

(Mainland China) Gaza Strip (a region in Palestine between Egypt and Israel)


克拉斯諾亞爾斯克

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄚ ㄙ ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄧㄚˋ ㄦˇ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄚ ㄙ ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄧㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

Кэласынояэрсыкэ

/kʰɤ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ nu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ nu̯ɔ⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai#English

Krasnoyarsk (a city, the administrative center of Krasnoyarsk Krai in Siberia, Russia)


烏蘭烏德

/u⁵⁵ län³⁵ u⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ wuː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

/u⁵⁵ län³⁵ u⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ laːn²¹ wuː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

The Trans-Mongolian Railway begins at Ulan-Ude and terminates at Erenhot. It is connected to the Trans-Siberian Railway and Jining-Erenhot Railway.

Ménggǔ zòngguàn tiělù shǐyú wūlánwūdé, zhōngyú èrliánhàotè, yǔ xībólìyà tiělù hé jí èr tiělù xiàng liánjiē.

蒙古縱貫鐵路始於烏蘭烏德，終於二連浩特，與西伯利亞鐵路和集二鐵路相連接。

蒙古纵贯铁路始于乌兰乌德，终于二连浩特，与西伯利亚铁路和集二铁路相连接。

Ulan-Ude (the capital city of the Republic of Buryatia, Russia)


共青城

ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄑㄧㄥ ㄔㄥˊ

ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄑㄧㄥ ㄔㄥˊ

/kʊŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ²² t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ²² t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

Named after 共青團／共青团 (gòngqīngtuán); compare Russian комсомо́л (komsomól).

(～市) Gongqingcheng (a sub-prefectural city of Jiangxi, China, formerly a county-level city in Jiujiang)


馬加丹

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ kaː⁵⁵ taːn⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ kaː⁵⁵ taːn⁵⁵/

Magadan (a city and administrative centre of Magadan Oblast, Russia)


堪察加彼得巴甫洛夫斯克

ㄎㄢ ㄔㄚˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄅㄧˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄅㄚ ㄈㄨˇ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄈㄨ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄎㄢ ㄔㄚˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄅㄧˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄅㄚ ㄈㄨˇ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄈㄨ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

Каньчацзябидэбафулофусыкэ

/kʰän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ pä⁵⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (a city in Russia)


下諾夫哥羅德

ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄈㄨ ㄍㄜ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄜˊ

ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄈㄨ ㄍㄜ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄜˊ

Ся Нофугэлодэ

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ nu̯ɔ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod#English:_Q2246

(～州) Nizhny Novgorod (an oblast and federal subject of Russia)

Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod#English:_Q891

Nizhny Novgorod (the capital city of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia; the fourth-largest in the country by population)


葉卡捷琳堡

ㄧㄝˋ ㄎㄚˇ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄅㄠˇ

ㄧㄝˋ ㄎㄚˇ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄅㄠˇ

Екацзелиньбао

/jɛ⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ lin³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiːp̚² kʰaː⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚² lɐm²¹ pou̯³⁵/

/jiːp̚² kʰaː⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚² lɐm²¹ pou̯³⁵/

Yekaterinburg (a city, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia)


薩馬拉

/sä⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/sä⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

Samara (a city, the administrative center of Samara Oblast, Russia)


伊爾庫茨克

ㄧ ㄦˇ ㄎㄨˋ ㄘˊ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄧ ㄦˇ ㄎㄨˋ ㄘˊ ㄎㄜˋ

/i⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰu⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ jiː¹³ fuː³³ t͡sʰiː²¹ hɐk̚⁵/

/i⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰu⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ jiː¹³ fuː³³ t͡sʰiː²¹ hɐk̚⁵/

Irkutsk (a city, the administrative centre of Irkutsk Oblast, Siberia, Russia)

(～州) Irkutsk (an oblast of Siberia, Russia)


西撒哈拉

ㄒㄧ ㄙㄚˇ ㄏㄚ ㄌㄚ

/ɕi⁵⁵ sä⁵⁵ xä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

ㄒㄧ ㄙㄚˇ ㄏㄚ ㄌㄚ

/ɕi⁵⁵ sä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ saːt̚³ haː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² sat̚³²⁻⁵ ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ la⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² sat̚³²⁻⁴ ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ la⁴⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ sä⁵⁵ xä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ sä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ saːt̚³ haː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² sat̚³²⁻⁵ ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ la⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² sat̚³²⁻⁴ ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ la⁴⁴/

Western Sahara
Western Sahara#English:_Q6250

Western Sahara (a territory and former Spanish colony in North Africa, now mostly occupied by Morocco, which claims ownership over the territory)


北苑

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn⁵¹/

(～街道) Beiyuan (a subdistrict of Xiling district, Yichang, Hubei, China)


阿比讓

/ˀä⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐɑŋ⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐɑŋ⁵¹/


順化

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/sɵn²² faː³³/

/suŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/sɵn²² faː³³/

/suŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/

(～市) Hue (a city in Thừa Thiên Huế province, central Vietnam)


北韓

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xän³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ hɔːn²¹/

/poʔ³³ ɦø⁴⁴/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xän³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ hɔːn²¹/

/poʔ³³ ɦø⁴⁴/

(especially Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore or South Korean context) North Korea (a country in East Asia)


南韓

/nän³⁵ xän³⁵/

/naːm²¹ hɔːn²¹/

/nän³⁵ xän³⁵/

/naːm²¹ hɔːn²¹/

(Taiwan, Hong Kong) South Korea (a country in East Asia, comprising the southern part of the Korean Peninsula)


南朝鮮

ㄋㄢˊ ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ

ㄋㄢˊ ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ

Нань Чаосянь

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Нань Чаосянь

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Нань Чжаосянь

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ siːn⁵⁵/

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ siːn⁵⁵/

South Korean Constabulary of Police Reserve (predecessor of Republic of Korea Army)

南朝鮮國防警備隊

南朝鲜国防警备队

The reason why the South Korean situation is increasingly turbulent is because South Korean authorities stubbornly pushes reactionary policies against the people.

1980 May 17, 吴德烈 (Wu Delie), 《南朝鲜政局危机四伏》, in People's Daily, →ISSN, page 6

Nán Cháoxiǎn dāngjú wángù dì tuīxíng yǔ rénmín wéi dí de fǎndòng zhèngcè, shì mùqián Nán Cháoxiǎn júshì yuèláiyuè dòngluàn bù'ān de zhíjiē yuányīn.

南朝鮮當局頑固地推行與人民為敵的反動政策，是目前南朝鮮局勢越來越動亂不安的直接原因。

南朝鲜当局顽固地推行与人民为敌的反动政策，是目前南朝鲜局势越来越动乱不安的直接原因。

(Mainland China, now uncommon) South Korea (a country in East Asia, comprising the southern part of the Korean Peninsula)


大韓民國

ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄢˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄢˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Дахань Миньго

/tä⁵¹ xän³⁵ min³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² hɔːn²¹ mɐn²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/tai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾aŋ⁵³ miŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ han²⁴⁻²² bin²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² han²⁴⁻²² bin²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ han¹³⁻²² bin¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ han²⁴⁻¹¹ bin²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻²¹ han²³⁻³³ bin²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/da²² ɦø³³ min²² koʔ⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ xän³⁵ min³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² hɔːn²¹ mɐn²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ han²⁴⁻²² bin²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² han²⁴⁻²² bin²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ han¹³⁻²² bin¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ han²⁴⁻¹¹ bin²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻²¹ han²³⁻³³ bin²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/da²² ɦø³³ min²² koʔ⁴⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 대한민국(大韓民國) (daehan-min'guk).

Republic of Korea
Republic of Korea#English:_Q884

Republic of Korea (official name of South Korea: a country in East Asia)

朝鮮民主主義人民共和國

Democratic People's Republic of Korea (official name of North Korea)


阿布賈

/ˀä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ pou̯³³ kaː³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ pou̯³³ kaː³⁵/

Abuja (a city, the capital city of Nigeria)


阿克拉

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵/


阿斯馬拉

/ˀä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/


安曼

/ˀän⁵⁵ män⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ maːn²²/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² ban²²/

/ˀän⁵⁵ män⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ maːn²²/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² ban²²/

Amman (a city, the capital city of Jordan)


巴馬科

/pä⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵/


班吉

/pän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/pän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English

Bangui (the capital of the Central African Republic)


班珠爾

/pän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Mainland China) Banjul (the capital of the Gambia)


貝爾莫潘

ㄅㄟˋ ㄦˇ ㄇㄛˋ ㄆㄢ

ㄅㄟˋ ㄦˇ ㄇㄛˋ ㄆㄢ

/peɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ⁵¹ pʰän⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ⁵¹ pʰän⁵⁵/


比紹

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/


布拉柴維爾

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄚ ㄔㄞˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄦˇ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄚ ㄔㄞˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄦˇ

Булачайвэйэр

/pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English

Brazzaville (the capital of the Republic of the Congo)


布瓊布拉

ㄅㄨˋ ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄚ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄚ

/pu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵/

/pou̯³³ kʰɪŋ²¹ pou̯³³ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ la³³/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ kʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ la⁴⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ kʰiɪŋ¹³⁻²² pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ la⁴⁴/

/pu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵/

/pou̯³³ kʰɪŋ²¹ pou̯³³ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ la³³/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ kʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ la⁴⁴/

/pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ kʰiɪŋ¹³⁻²² pɔ²¹⁻⁵³ la⁴⁴/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Bujumbura (a city, the capital city of Burundi)


達累斯薩拉姆

ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄟˋ ㄙ ㄙㄚˋ ㄌㄚ ㄇㄨˇ

ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄟˇ ㄙ ㄙㄚˋ ㄌㄚ ㄇㄨˇ

Далэйсысаламу

/tä³⁵ leɪ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ sä⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tä³⁵ leɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ sä⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Mainland China) Dar es Salaam (the former capital of Tanzania)


加拉加斯

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄙ

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄙ

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/


盧薩卡

/lu³⁵ sä⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lou̯²¹ saːt̚³ kʰaː⁵⁵/

/lu³⁵ sä⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lou̯²¹ saːt̚³ kʰaː⁵⁵/

Lusaka (a city, the capital city of Zambia)


羅安達

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ tä³⁵/

/lɔː²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵ taːt̚²/

/lo²⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴⁻²² tat̚⁴/

/lo²⁴⁻²² an³³ tat̚²⁴/

/lo¹³⁻²² an⁴⁴⁻²² tat̚¹²¹/

/lo²⁴⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴⁻³³ tat̚⁴/

/lɤ²³⁻³³ an⁴⁴⁻³³ tat̚⁴/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ tä³⁵/

/lɔː²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵ taːt̚²/

/lo²⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴⁻²² tat̚⁴/

/lo²⁴⁻²² an³³ tat̚²⁴/

/lo¹³⁻²² an⁴⁴⁻²² tat̚¹²¹/

/lo²⁴⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴⁻³³ tat̚⁴/

/lɤ²³⁻³³ an⁴⁴⁻³³ tat̚⁴/

Luanda (a city, the capital city of Angola)


亞的斯亞貝巴

ㄧㄚˋ ㄉㄧˊ ㄙ ㄧㄚˋ ㄅㄟˋ ㄅㄚ

ㄧㄚˋ ㄉㄧˊ ㄙ ㄧㄚˋ ㄅㄟˋ ㄅㄚ

/jä⁵¹ ti³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ peɪ̯⁵¹ pä⁵⁵/

/jä⁵¹ ti³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ peɪ̯⁵¹ pä⁵⁵/

(Mainland China) Addis Ababa (a city, the capital city of Ethiopia)


孟買

/mɤŋ⁵¹ maɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːŋ²² maːi̯¹³/

/mɛiŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ mɛ³³/

/biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ mãi⁵³/

/mɤŋ⁵¹ maɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːŋ²² maːi̯¹³/

/mɛiŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ mɛ³³/

/biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ mãi⁵³/

From some Indian language, cf. Marathi मुंबई (mumbaī). Compare 孟加拉 (Mèngjiālā, “Bengal”).

Mèngmǎi, zài Àngjīli běi shǎo xī, xiàngqù yuē shù shí lǐ, wéi Yīngjílì suǒ xiá dì, yǒu chéngguō.

孟買，在盎叽哩北少西，相去約數十里，為𠸄咭利所轄地，有城郭。

孟买，在盎叽哩北少西，相去约数十里，为𠸄咭利所辖地，有城郭。

Mumbai (a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India)


卡拉奇

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Karachi (The largest city in Pakistan situated along the Arabian Sea, as well as the provincial capital of Sindh Province.)


鄂木斯克

ㄜˋ ㄇㄨˋ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄜˋ ㄇㄨˋ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

/ˀɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/ŋɔːk̚² mʊk̚² siː⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/ˀɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/ŋɔːk̚² mʊk̚² siː⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

Omsk (a city, the administrative center of Omsk Oblast, Russia)


喀山

/kʰä⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kʰä⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Manchu ᡴᠠᠰᠠᠨ (kasan). First attested in Narrative of the Chinese Embassy to the Khan of the Tourgouth Tartars (異域錄), 1723.

Kazan (the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia)


頓河畔羅斯托夫

ㄉㄨㄣˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄢˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄈㄨ

ㄉㄨㄣˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄢˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄈㄨ

Дунь Хэ пань Лосытофу

/tu̯ən⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ pʰän⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/

/tɵn²² hɔː²¹ puːn²² lɔː²¹ siː⁵⁵ tʰɔːk̚³ fuː⁵⁵/

Calque of Russian Росто́в-на-Дону́ (Rostóv-na-Donú).

cal

Росто́в-на-Дону́

Rostov-on-Don, Rostov-na-Donu (a large city, the administrative center of Rostov Oblast, in southern Russia)


烏法

/u⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/u⁵⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Ufa (the capital and largest city of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia)


伏爾加格勒

ㄈㄨˊ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄜˋ

ㄈㄨˊ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄜˋ

/fu³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/fʊk̚² jiː¹³ kaː⁵⁵ kaːk̚³ laːk̚²/

/fu³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/fʊk̚² jiː¹³ kaː⁵⁵ kaːk̚³ laːk̚²/

(～州) Volgograd (an oblast in southwestern Russia)

Volgograd (a city, the administrative center of Volgograd Oblast, Russia)


彼爾姆

/pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Perm (a historical region of northeastern Russia)

Perm (a city, the administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia)


布拉戈維申斯克

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄚ ㄍㄜ ㄨㄟˊ ㄕㄣ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄚ ㄍㄜ ㄨㄟˊ ㄕㄣ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

Булагэвэйшэньсыкэ

/pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ ʂən⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

From Russian Благове́щенск (Blagovéščensk).

bor

Благове́щенск

Blagoveshchensk (a city, the administrative center of Amur Oblast in Siberia, Russia)


四國

/sz̩⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/sei̯³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/sz̩³³ koʔ⁴⁴/

/sz̩⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/sei̯³³ kʷɔːk̚³/

/sz̩³³ koʔ⁴⁴/

Shikoku (the fourth largest island of Japan)


紅河

/xʊŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

/xʊŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

Calqued from a Western language; compare French fleuve Rouge, English Red River. See Vietnamese Sông Hồng for more.

紅河三角洲

红河三角洲

Red River of Yunnan in southern China and of northern Vietnam

～哈尼族彝族自治州 紅河哈尼族彝族自治州#Chinese

(～哈尼族彝族自治州, ～州) Honghe (a Hani and Yi autonomous prefecture in Yunnan, China)

(～縣) Honghe (a county of Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China)


沅江

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Yuan River (The Yuan River of Hunan in China)

(～市) Yuanjiang (a county-level city of Yiyang, Hunan, China)


元江

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

The "Yuan River", the Chinese stretch of the Red River, prior to its crossing the Vietnamese border

哈尼族彝族傣族自治縣 哈尼族彝族傣族自治縣#Chinese

(～哈尼族彝族傣族自治縣, ～縣) Yuanjiang (an autonomous county of Yuxi, Yunnan, China)


互助

/xu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/

/wuː²² t͡sɔː²²/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔ²²/

/hɔ⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɔ⁴¹/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔ²²/

/hɔ³³⁻¹¹ t͡sɔ³³/

/hɔ³³⁻²¹ t͡sɔ³³/

/hu³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡so³⁵/

/xu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/

/wuː²² t͡sɔː²²/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔ²²/

/hɔ⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɔ⁴¹/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔ²²/

/hɔ³³⁻¹¹ t͡sɔ³³/

/hɔ³³⁻²¹ t͡sɔ³³/

/hu³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡so³⁵/

～土族自治縣 互助土族自治縣#Chinese

(～土族自治縣, ～縣) Huzhu Tu Autonomous County (county in Haidong, Qinghai province, China)


拱橋

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/kʊŋ³⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/ki̯uŋ³¹ kʰi̯eu̯¹¹/

/kiuŋ²⁴⁻³³ kʰiau⁵⁵/

/kiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kio²⁴/

/kiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kio²⁴/

/kiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kio¹³/

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/kʊŋ³⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/ki̯uŋ³¹ kʰi̯eu̯¹¹/

/kiuŋ²⁴⁻³³ kʰiau⁵⁵/

/kiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kio²⁴/

/kiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kio²⁴/

/kiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kio¹³/

(～村) Gongqiao (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


安陽

→ English: Anyang, An-yang

/ˀän⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/on²⁴ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/an³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ¹³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ iaŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/on²⁴ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/an³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ¹³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ iaŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Anyang (a county of Anyang City, Henan, China)

(～鎮) Anyang (a town in Yunyang district, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


吉爾吉斯

ㄐㄧˊ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄙ

ㄐㄧˊ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄙ

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ jiː¹³ kɐt̚⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/

/kit̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kit̚³²⁻⁵ su⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ jiː¹³ kɐt̚⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/

/kit̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kit̚³²⁻⁵ su⁴⁴/

Borrowed from Manchu ᡴᡳᡵᡤᡳᠰ (kirgis, “Yenisei Kirghiz”). The term was originally referring to the Yenisei Kirghiz people during the Qing period, whereas 布魯特 /布鲁特 (Bùlǔtè) was used to call the Tian Shan Kirghiz.


達喀爾

/tä³⁵ kʰä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːt̚² kʰaː³³ jiː¹³/

/tat̚²⁴⁻² kʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³/

/tat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³/

/tä³⁵ kʰä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːt̚² kʰaː³³ jiː¹³/

/tat̚²⁴⁻² kʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/tat̚⁴⁻³² kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ nĩ⁵³/

/tat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ d͡zĩ⁵³/

Dakar (a city, the capital city of Senegal)


哈博羅內

ㄏㄚ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄋㄟˋ

ㄏㄚ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄋㄟˋ

/xä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/xä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/


基加利

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Kigali (the capital of Rwanda)


蒙羅維亞

ㄇㄥˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄇㄥˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄧㄚˋ

/mɤŋ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/mɤŋ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ jä⁵¹/


特古西加爾巴

ㄊㄜˋ ㄍㄨˇ ㄒㄧ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄦˇ ㄅㄚ

ㄊㄜˋ ㄍㄨˇ ㄒㄧ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄦˇ ㄅㄚ

Тэгусицзяэрба

/tʰɤ⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚² kuː³⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ jiː¹³ paː⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚² kuː³⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ jiː¹³ paː⁵⁵/

(Mainland China) Tegucigalpa (a city, the capital city of Honduras)


摩加迪沙

ㄇㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄉㄧˊ ㄕㄚ

ㄇㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄉㄧˊ ㄕㄚ

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ti³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ti³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong, Singapore) Mogadishu (the capital of Somalia)


路易港

/lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


伏爾加河

ㄈㄨˊ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄏㄜˊ

ㄈㄨˊ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄏㄜˊ

/fu³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/fʊk̚² jiː¹³ kaː⁵⁵ hɔː³⁵/

/fu³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/fʊk̚² jiː¹³ kaː⁵⁵ hɔː³⁵/

Borrowed from Russian Во́лга (Vólga) + 河 (hé, “river”).


橫濱

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (橫濱):
* → Vietnamese: Hoành Tân (橫濱)

/xɤŋ³⁵ pin⁵⁵/

/waːŋ²¹ pɐn⁵⁵/

/huãi²⁴⁻²² pin⁴⁴/

/xɤŋ³⁵ pin⁵⁵/

/waːŋ²¹ pɐn⁵⁵/

/huãi²⁴⁻²² pin⁴⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 横浜(よこはま) (Yokohama).

Yokohama (the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


金澤

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 金沢(かなざわ) (Kanazawa, literally “golden marsh”).

ja-r

(～市) Kanazawa (the capital city of Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


神戶

/ʂən³⁵ xu⁵¹/

/sɐn²¹ wuː²²/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ³³/

/sin²³⁻³³ hɔ³³/

/ʂən³⁵ xu⁵¹/

/sɐn²¹ wuː²²/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ³³/

/sin²³⁻³³ hɔ³³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 神(こう)戸(べ) (Kōbe).

(～市) Kobe (the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


甲府

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～市) Kōfu (a city in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan)


松江

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/siɔŋ¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/soŋ⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/siɔŋ¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/soŋ⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Songjiang (a district and former county of Shanghai and Jiangsu, China)

(～府) (historical) Songjiang (a historical commandery of Jiangsu, China, whose capital was Huating (華亭／华亭) county, or present-day Songjiang district, Shanghai)

(historical) (～省) Songjiang (a former province of China, now incorporated into Heilongjiang)


松江

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 松(まつ)江(え) (Matsue).

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/siɔŋ¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/soŋ⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/siɔŋ¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/soŋ⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

(～市) Matsue (the capital city of Shimane Prefecture, Japan)


聯誼

/li̯ɛn³⁵ i⁵¹/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ i³⁵/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ ɡi³³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡi³³/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ i⁵¹/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ i³⁵/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ ɡi³³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡi³³/

(～村) Lianyi (a village in Zhashan, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


靜岡

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Shizuoka (the capital city of Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


綿陽

/mi̯ɛn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/mi̯ɛn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

(～市) Mianyang (a city in Sichuan, China)


法蘭西

→ Manchu: ᡶᠠ
ᠯᠠᠨ
ᠰᡳ (fa lan si)

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/fä⁵¹ län³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/faːt̚³ laːn²¹⁻⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/faːt̚³ laːn²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ l̃aŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ lan²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ lan²⁴⁻²² se³³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁵ lan¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ se⁴⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ lan²³⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/faʔ³³ le⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/fä⁵¹ län³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/faːt̚³ laːn²¹⁻⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/faːt̚³ laːn²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ l̃aŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ lan²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ lan²⁴⁻²² se³³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁵ lan¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ se⁴⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ lan²³⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/faʔ³³ le⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

2024, 實試雙飛人食譜 溝雪糕變薄荷朱古力味？ 溝咖啡飲竟然加強咖啡味？挑戰直接飲雙飛人 味道如何？醫生提醒飲得多會醉 可以替代酒精消毒 疫情時炒到100蚊 拆解成分之迷, Mill MILK:

Then add some distilled water, mix it through, and what you'd get is that "French peppermint oil".

zoi³ gaa¹ go³ zing¹ lau⁶ seoi², zing² wan⁴ keoi⁵, gam² zau⁶ hai⁶ go² go³ “faat³ laan¹ sai¹ ge³ bok⁶ ho⁴ jau⁴” laak³.

再加個蒸餾水，整勻佢，噉就係嗰個「法蘭西嘅薄荷油」嘞。

再加个蒸馏水，整匀佢，噉就系嗰个「法兰西嘅薄荷油」嘞。

And then slowly fight a naval battle, and at the very end perform a naval landing; let Burgundy take what it wants; if possible, let it all the French provinces.

2022, 欧陆风云4 1300小时萌新的主要国家玩法经验——卡斯蒂利亚篇

Ránhòu mànmàn dǎ hǎizhàn, zuìhòu shàng dǎo, ràng Dàbó suíbiàn chī, zuìhǎo gē zǒu quánbù Fǎlánxī de dìpí.

然後慢慢打海戰，最後上島，讓大勃隨便吃，最好割走全部法蘭西的地皮。

2022, 欧陆风云4 1300小时萌新的主要国家玩法经验——卡斯蒂利亚篇

然后慢慢打海战，最后上岛，让大勃随便吃，最好割走全部法兰西的地皮。

(attributive, dated or poetic) France (a country located primarily in Western Europe)


露西亞

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 露西亞(ロシア) (Roshia), from Russian Росси́я (Rossíja).

/lu⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/lu⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lou̯²² sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ se⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/lɔ⁴¹⁻²² se³³ a³³/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ se⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/lɔ³³⁻¹¹ se⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴⁴/

/lɔ³³⁻²¹ se⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴⁴/

/lu⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/lu⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lou̯²² sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ se⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/lɔ⁴¹⁻²² se³³ a³³/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ se⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/lɔ³³⁻¹¹ se⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴⁴/

/lɔ³³⁻²¹ se⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴⁴/

Isn't this clearly an officer of the Russian Red Army?

Zhè bùshì míngmíngbáibái de Lùxīyà Hóngjūn jūnguān ma?

這不是明明白白的露西亞紅軍軍官嗎？

这不是明明白白的露西亚红军军官吗？

(dated or Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka, Northeastern and Jiaoliao Mandarin or ACG) Russia (a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


德島

/tɤ³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɤ³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～市) Tokushima (a city in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan)


鹿兒島

/lu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊk̚² jiː²¹ tou̯³⁵/

/lu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊk̚² jiː²¹ tou̯³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 鹿児島 (Kagoshima).

obor

(～縣) Kagoshima (a prefecture in southwestern Japan)

(～市) Kagoshima (the capital city of Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


那霸

/nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pä⁵¹/

/naː¹³ paː³³/

/nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pä⁵¹/

/naː¹³ paː³³/

(～市) Naha (a city in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)


臺中

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰoi̯¹¹ t͡suŋ²⁴/

/tai²⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tai²⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ³³/

/tai¹³⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tai²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tai²³⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰoi̯¹¹ t͡suŋ²⁴/

/tai²⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tai²⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ³³/

/tai¹³⁻²² tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tai²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tai²³⁻³³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

Officially, with the creation of Japanese 臺(たい)中(ちゅう)縣(けん) (Taichū-ken) in March 1896.

(～市) (historical) Taichung City (former provincial city of Taiwan)

(～縣) (historical) Taichung County (a former county of Taiwan)


車里雅賓斯克

ㄔㄜ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˇ ㄅㄧㄣ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄔㄜ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˇ ㄅㄧㄣ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

Чэлиябиньсыкэ

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pin⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

(～州) Chelyabinsk (an oblast of Russia, near the Ural Mountains)

Chelyabinsk (a city, the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia)


基隆

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (基隆):
* → Vietnamese: Cơ Long (基隆)

→ English: Keelung, Jilong

→ Japanese: 基隆 (キールン, Kīrun)

→ Korean: 지룽(基隆) (jirung)

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kei̯⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/kie⁵⁵ l̃øyŋ⁵³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/kue⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/

/ki³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/ki⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/

/ki⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² liɔŋ¹³/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ loŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kei̯⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/kie⁵⁵ l̃øyŋ⁵³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/kue⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/

/ki³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/ki⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/

/ki⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/ki⁴⁴⁻²² liɔŋ¹³/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ loŋ²¹/

Homophonous replacement for 雞籠／鸡笼 (Ke-lâng, Koe-lâng) from 1875; intended to convey the meaning 基地昌隆 ('prosperous place').


淮河

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/waːi̯²¹ hɔː²¹/

/huai²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/waːi̯²¹ hɔː²¹/

/huai²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/

(～鎮) Huaihe (a town in Sui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)


南投

/nän³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/naːm²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nau⁵³/

/lam¹³⁻²² tɔ¹³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² tɔ²⁴/

/nän³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/naːm²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nau⁵³/

/lam¹³⁻²² tɔ¹³/

/lam²⁴⁻²² tɔ²⁴/

(～縣) Nantou (a county in central Taiwan)

(～市) Nantou (city in Nantou, central Taiwan)


花蓮

Sino-Xenic (花蓮 /花莲 (Huālián)):
* → Japanese: 花蓮(かれん) (Karen)
* → Vietnamese: Hoa Liên (花蓮)

→ English: Hualien, Hualian, Hua-lien

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/hua⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²³/

/hua⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²⁴/

/hua⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn⁴⁴/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn⁴⁴/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/hua⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²³/

/hua⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn²⁴/

/hua⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn⁴⁴/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ liɛn⁴⁴/

Shortened from Japanese 花(か)蓮(れん)港(こう) (Karenkō), from Hokkien 洄瀾／洄澜 (Hôe-liân) during Qing-era settlement in 1851. Formerly named 奇萊／奇莱 (Kî-lâi), referring to the Sakiraya Taiwanese aborigines and their settlement.

zh-m

奇萊／奇莱 (Kî-lâi)

(～縣) Hualien County (a county on the east coast of Taiwan)

(～市) Hualien City (city in Hualien County, Taiwan)


黃花

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ho⁴⁴/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ho⁴⁴/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Huanghua (a town in Yiling district, Yichang, Hubei, China, formerly a township)


勃牙利

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ jä³⁵ li⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ jä³⁵ li⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 勃牙利(ブルガリア) (Burugaria).

(obsolete) Bulgaria (a country in Europe)


民樂

(～縣) Minle (a county of Zhangye, Gansu, China)


亞細亞

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (亞細亞):
* → Japanese: 亜細亜(アジア) (ajia)
* → Korean: 아세아(亞細亞) (asea)
* → Vietnamese: Á Tế Á (亞細亞)

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ sɐi̯³³ aː³³/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ se⁵⁵ a²⁴/

/a³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ²¹³⁻⁵³ a³³/

/a³³ se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ a³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² se²¹⁻⁵³ a⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ se²¹⁻⁴¹ a⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ sue¹¹⁻⁵³ a⁴⁴/

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ sɐi̯³³ aː³³/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ se⁵⁵ a²⁴/

/a³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ²¹³⁻⁵³ a³³/

/a³³ se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ a³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² se²¹⁻⁵³ a⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ se²¹⁻⁴¹ a⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ sue¹¹⁻⁵³ a⁴⁴/

Borrowed from Latin Asia, from Ancient Greek Ἀσία (Asía); first attested in Kunyu Wanguo Quantu [1602] by Matteo Ricci.

And this continued by the space of two years; so that all they which dwelt in Asia heard the word of the Lord Jesus, both Jews and Greeks.

新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 使徒行傳 (Acts) 19:10

Zhèyàng yǒu liǎng nián zhī jiǔ, jiào yīqiè zhù zài Yàxìyà de, wúlùn shì yóutàirén, shì xīlàrén, dōu tīngjiàn Zhǔ de dào.

這樣有兩年之久，叫一切住在亞細亞的，無論是猶太人，是希臘人，都聽見主的道。

这样有两年之久，叫一切住在亚细亚的，无论是犹太人，是希腊人，都听见主的道。

(historical) Asia (an ancient province of the Roman Empire in modern western Turkey, existing between 133 BC (during the Roman Republic) and the 7th century AD)


嘉定

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ tɪŋ²²/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ tɪŋ²²/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Jiading (a district and former county of Shanghai, China)

(～鎮街道, formerly ～鎮) Jiading (a subdistrict and former town in Jiading district, Shanghai, China)


通道

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ tou̯²²/

/tʰɔŋ³³ to⁴¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² to²²/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ³³/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ to³³/

/tʰɔŋ³³ tɔ⁴¹/

/tʰoŋ³³⁻²³ tau³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ tou̯²²/

/tʰɔŋ³³ to⁴¹/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² to²²/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ³³/

/tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ to³³/

/tʰɔŋ³³ tɔ⁴¹/

/tʰoŋ³³⁻²³ tau³⁵/

侗族自治縣 侗族自治縣#Chinese

(～侗族自治縣, ～縣) Tongdao County (an autonomous county of Huaihua, Hunan, China)


阿德萊德

ㄚ ㄉㄜˊ ㄌㄞˊ ㄉㄜˊ

ㄚ ㄉㄜˊ ㄌㄞˊ ㄉㄜˊ

/ˀä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/aː³³ tɐk̚⁵ lɔːi̯²¹ tɐk̚⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/aː³³ tɐk̚⁵ lɔːi̯²¹ tɐk̚⁵/

Adelaide (a city in South Australia, Australia)


紹興

→ English: Shao-hsing, Shaoxing

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯²² hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sieu²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾iŋ⁵⁵/

/siau²²⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siau⁴¹⁻²² hiɪŋ³³/

/siau²²⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siau³³⁻¹¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siau³³⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/zɔ²² ɕin⁴⁴/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯²² hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sieu²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾iŋ⁵⁵/

/siau²²⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siau⁴¹⁻²² hiɪŋ³³/

/siau²²⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siau³³⁻¹¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siau³³⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/zɔ²² ɕin⁴⁴/

(～市) Shaoxing (a prefecture-level city in eastern Zhejiang, China)


上城

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sœːŋ²² sɪŋ²¹/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sœːŋ²² sɪŋ²¹/

Shangcheng District
w:Shangcheng District

Shangcheng District (a district of Hangzhou, which includes the sites of the imperial Chinese cities of Qiantang and Lin'an)


臨安

/lin³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/lɐm²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/lin³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/lɐm²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Lin'an (a district of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


綠島

→ English: Green Island

/ly⁵¹ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² tɤ⁴¹/

/ly⁵¹ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² tɤ⁴¹/

(～鄉) Lyudao (a township in Taitung County, Taiwan, administering the island)


田洋

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋieu¹³/

/t͡sʰɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋiu²⁴/

/t͡sʰan²⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/t͡sʰan¹³⁻²² iɔ̃¹³/

/t͡sʰɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋieu¹³/

/t͡sʰɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋiu²⁴/

/t͡sʰan²⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/t͡sʰan¹³⁻²² iɔ̃¹³/

Tianyang, a dormant volcano on southern China's Leizhou Peninsula.


鷹峰嶺

/iŋ⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/iŋ⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Yingfengling, a dormant volcano on southern China's Leizhou Peninsula.


南山

/nän³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/nän³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(Internet slang) an alternative name for Tencent, literally "the undefeatable one (in court) in the Nanshan District"

南山必勝客

南山必胜客

(～區) Nanshan (a district of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China)

(～區) Nanshan (a district of Hegang, Heilongjiang, China)

(～區) Nanshan (a county-controlled district in Zhuolu, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China)

Namsan (various hills and mountains of Korea)

(～洞) Namsan-dong (a neighbourhood of Jung district, Seoul, South Korea)

(～洞) Namsan-dong (a neighbourhood of Geumjeong district, Busan, South Korea)


孤山

/ku⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ku⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ku⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Gushan (a mountain in Jingjiang, Jiangsu, China)

Gushan (an island of West Lake, Hangzhou)


聖母峰

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ mou̯¹³ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ mou̯¹³ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

Calque of Tibetan ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ (jo mo glang ma, “Holy Mother”) + 峰 (fēng, “peak”).

calque

珠穆朗瑪峰 珠穆朗瑪峰#Chinese

珠穆朗玛峰 珠穆朗玛峰#Chinese

Alternative name for 珠穆朗瑪峰／珠穆朗玛峰 (Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng).


雁蕩

/jɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑŋ⁵¹/

/jɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑŋ⁵¹/

(～鎮) Yandang (a town in Yueqing, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


天臺山

Тяньтай Шань

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Mount Tiantai:
a mountain in Chengdu, Sichuan


莫干山

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ kän⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ kän⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Named after 莫邪 (Mòyé) and 干將 (Gānjiāng), two legendary southern swordsmiths during China's Spring and Autumn Period.


馬尾

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ma³³⁻³⁵ mui³³/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bue⁴¹/

/bɛ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ bue⁴⁴⁵/

/be⁵²⁻³⁵ bue⁵²⁻²¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ma³³⁻³⁵ mui³³/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bue⁴¹/

/bɛ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ bue⁴⁴⁵/

/be⁵²⁻³⁵ bue⁵²⁻²¹/

(～區) Mawei (a district of Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


前衛

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ wɐi̯²²/

/t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² ue²²/

/t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ ue³³/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ ue³³/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² ue⁴¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² ue²²/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ ui³³/

/t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ ui³³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ wɐi̯²²/

/t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² ue²²/

/t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ ue³³/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ ue³³/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² ue⁴¹/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² ue²²/

/t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ ui³³/

/t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ ui³³/

(～鎮) Qianwei (a town in Lantian, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China)


漢口

→ English: Hankou, Han-k'ou, Hankow

/xän⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːn³³ hɐu̯³⁵/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ kʰau⁵³/

/xän⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːn³³ hɐu̯³⁵/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ kʰau⁵³/

From its position at the Han River's confluence with the Yangtze.

(～市) (historical) Hankou (a former city in Hubei, China, now part of Wuhan)


巴厘

(Mainland China) (～島) Bali (an island of Indonesia)

(Mainland China) (～省) Bali (a province of Indonesia)


濟州

→ English: Chi-chou, Jizhou

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐi̯³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡siu³³/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi³³ t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐi̯³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡siu³³/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi³³ t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

(historical) Jizhou (an ancient prefecture in modern Henan and Shandong, China)

(historical) Jizhou (an ancient prefecture in modern Shandong, China)

(historical) Jizhou (an ancient prefecture in modern Jilin, China)

～特別自治道 濟州特別自治道#Chinese

(～道, ～特別自治道) Jeju (a province of South Korea; capital: Jeju)

(～市) Jeju (the capital city of Jeju Province, South Korea)


薩哈林

/sä⁵¹ xä⁵⁵ lin³⁵/

/sä⁵¹ xä⁵⁵ lin³⁵/

薩哈林州

萨哈林州

薩哈林島

萨哈林岛


剛果民主共和國

ㄍㄤ ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄍㄤ ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Ганго Миньчжу Гунхэго

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔː³⁵ mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English:_Q974

Democratic Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa, the larger of the two countries named Congo)


剛果共和國

ㄍㄤ ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄍㄤ ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Ганго Гунхэго

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔː³⁵ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔː³⁵ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English:_Q971

Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa, the smaller of the two countries named Congo)


栗原

/li⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/li⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 栗原 (Kurihara).

obor

(～市) Kurihara (a city in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan)


上高

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²² kou̯⁵⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²² kou̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Shanggao (a county of Yichun, Jiangxi, China)


捷克共和國

ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Цзекэ Гунхэго

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡siːt̚² hɐk̚⁵ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡sʰi̯ap̚⁵ kʰi̯et̚² kʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵ fo¹¹ ku̯et̚²/

/t͡sʰi̯ap̚⁵ kʰi̯at̚² kʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵ fo¹¹ ku̯et̚²/

/t͡sieʔ⁵⁻²¹ kʰaiʔ²⁴ kyŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuo⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uɔʔ²⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚⁴⁻³² kʰiɪk̚³² kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/t͡siɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰiɪk̚³² kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/t͡siɛt̚²⁴⁻² kʰiak̚⁵ kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² hɔ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/t͡siap̚⁴⁻³² kʰiɪk̚³² kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/t͡siap̚⁴⁻³² kʰiɪk̚³² kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/ʑiɪʔ¹¹ kʰəʔ²³ ɡoŋ²² ɦu⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡siːt̚² hɐk̚⁵ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/ʑiɪʔ¹¹ kʰəʔ²³ ɡoŋ²² ɦu⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/

Czech Republic
Czech Republic#English:_Q213

Czech Republic (a country in Central Europe)


馬來亞

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ lɔːi̯²¹ aː³³/

/mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lai²³⁻³³ a⁴⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ lɔːi̯²¹ aː³³/

/mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lai²³⁻³³ a⁴⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴/

(historical) Malaya (a peninsula and geographic region of Southeast Asia constituting the southern part of the Malay Peninsula and several nearby islands, currently forming the western part of Malaysia; now known as West Malaysia or Peninsular Malaysia)

(dialectal) Malaysia (a country in Asia)


汶萊

/wən⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵/

/wən³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/mɐn²² lɔːi̯²¹/

/mɐn²¹ lɔːi̯²¹/

/wən⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵/

/wən³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/mɐn²² lɔːi̯²¹/

/mɐn²¹ lɔːi̯²¹/

From Malay Brunei, borrowed through Hokkien (where 汶 is pronounced with a b- initial).

(chiefly Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei) Brunei (a country in Southeast Asia)


前蘇聯

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄙㄨ ㄌㄧㄢˊ

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄙㄨ ㄌㄧㄢˊ

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ su⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ su⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/


老撾人民民主共和國

ㄌㄠˇ ㄨㄛ ㄖㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

lou⁵ wo¹ jan⁴ man⁴ man⁴ zyu² gung⁶ wo⁴ gwok³

ㄌㄠˇ ㄨㄛ ㄖㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Lao³-wo¹ Jên²-min² Min²-chu³ Kung⁴-ho²-kuo²

Лаово Жэньминь Миньчжу Гунхэго

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɔ⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵ min³⁵ min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

lóuh wō yàhn màhn màhn jyú guhng wòh gwok

lou⁵ wo¹ jan⁴ man⁴ man⁴ dzy² gung⁶ wo⁴ gwok⁸

lou⁵ wo¹ yen⁴ men⁴ men⁴ ju² gung⁶ wo⁴ guog³

/lou̯¹³ wɔː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹ mɐn²¹ mɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

Lao People's Democratic Republic#English:_Q819

Lao People's Democratic Republic (official name of Laos: a country in Southeast Asia)


越南社會主義共和國

ㄩㄝˋ ㄋㄢˊ ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

jyut⁶ naam⁴ se⁵ wui⁶⁻² zyu² ji⁶ gung⁶ wo⁴ gwok³

ㄩㄝˋ ㄋㄢˊ ㄕㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Yüeh⁴-nan² Shê⁴-hui⁴ Chu³-i⁴ Kung⁴-ho²-kuo²

Юэнань Шэхуэй Чжуи Гунхэго

/ɥɛ⁵¹ nän³⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

yuht nàahm séh wúi jyú yih guhng wòh gwok

jyt⁹ naam⁴ se⁵ wui⁶⁻² dzy² ji⁶ gung⁶ wo⁴ gwok⁸

yud⁶ nam⁴ sé⁵ wui⁶⁻² ju² yi⁶ gung⁶ wo⁴ guog³

/jyːt̚² naːm²¹ sɛː¹³ wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²² kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

Socialist Republic of Vietnam#English:_Q881

Socialist Republic of Vietnam (official name of Vietnam: a country in Southeast Asia)


角田

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 角田 (Kakuda).

(～市) Kakuda (a city in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan)


飯塚

/fän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～市) Iizuka (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


安達

/ˀän⁵⁵ tä³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ taːt̚²/

/ˀän⁵⁵ tä³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ taːt̚²/

(～市) Anda (a city in Heilongjiang, China)


大竹

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʊk̚⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʊk̚⁵/

(～縣) Dazhu (a county of Dazhou, Sichuan, China)

(～村) Dazhu (a village in Xinshi, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


大竹

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大竹 (Ōtake).

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʊk̚⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʊk̚⁵/

(～市) Ōtake (a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


金華

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/kiŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/kiŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/

(～市) Jinhua (a prefecture-level city of Zhejiang, China)


涼水

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lœːŋ²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵³/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/liaŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sui⁵³/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/liaŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sui⁴¹/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lœːŋ²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵³/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/liaŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sui⁵³/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/liaŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sui⁴¹/

(～村) Liangshui (a village in Wudian, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


下田

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/haː²² tʰiːn²¹/

/ɦo²³¹ dɪ²²³/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/haː²² tʰiːn²¹/

/ɦo²³¹ dɪ²²³/

(～市) Shimoda (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


池上

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ sœːŋ²²/

/t͡sʰɨ¹¹ soŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ʃʰi⁵⁵ ʃoŋ³³/

/ti²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²/

/ti²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔŋ³³/

/ti²³⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/

/ti²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁴¹/

/ti¹³⁻²² siaŋ²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ sœːŋ²²/

/t͡sʰɨ¹¹ soŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ʃʰi⁵⁵ ʃoŋ³³/

/ti²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²/

/ti²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔŋ³³/

/ti²³⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/

/ti²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁴¹/

/ti¹³⁻²² siaŋ²²/

(～鄉) Chishang (a rural township in Taitung County, Taiwan)


大崎

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大崎 (Ōsaki).

(～市) Ōsaki (a city in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan)


突厥斯坦

ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄙ ㄊㄢˇ

ㄊㄨˊ ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄙ ㄊㄢˇ

туцзюэсытань

/tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɐt̚² kʰyːt̚³ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵/

/tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɐt̚² kʰyːt̚³ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵/

Turkestan (a city in Turkistan, Kazakhstan)


東突厥斯坦

ㄉㄨㄥ ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄙ ㄊㄢˇ

ㄉㄨㄥ ㄊㄨˊ ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄙ ㄊㄢˇ

Дун Туцзюэсытань

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tɐt̚² kʰyːt̚³ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tɐt̚² kʰyːt̚³ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵/

East Turkestan
East Turkestan#English:_Q840601

East Turkestan (a geographic region in northwestern China; in modern usage, a synonym of Xinjiang used by the East Turkestan independence movement)


越中

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːt̚² t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːt̚² t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

Etchū (a historical province of Japan, roughly corresponding to present-day Toyama Prefecture)


越前

/ɥɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 越前 (Echizen).

(～市) Echizen (a city in Fukui Prefecture, Japan)


能登

/nɤŋ³⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

/nɐŋ²¹ tɐŋ⁵⁵/

/nɤŋ³⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

/nɐŋ²¹ tɐŋ⁵⁵/

(～半島) Noto (a peninsula in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)

Noto (a town in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


長門

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ mən³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 長門 (Nagato).

(～市) Nagato (a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan)


阿波

/ˀä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 阿波 (Awa).

(～市) Awa (a city in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan)


筑後

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

(～市) Chikugo (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


出雲

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ yn³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ yn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 出雲 (Izumo).

(～市) Izumo (a city in Shimane Prefecture, Japan)


備前

/peɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/peɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 備前 (Bizen).

(～市) Bizen (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)


美作

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 美作 (Mimasaka).

(～市) Mimasaka (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)


志摩

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 志摩 (Shima).

(～市) Shima (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


伊豆

/i⁵⁵ toʊ̯⁵¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ tɐu̯²²/

/i⁵⁵ toʊ̯⁵¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ tɐu̯²²/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 伊豆 (Izu).

(～市) Izu (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


下野

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 下野 (Shimotsuke).

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː²² jɛː¹³/

/ha²²⁻²¹ ia⁵³/

/ha³³⁻²¹ ia⁴¹/

/ha³³⁻¹¹ ia⁵³/

/hɛ²²⁻²¹ ia⁵³/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː²² jɛː¹³/

/ha²²⁻²¹ ia⁵³/

/ha³³⁻²¹ ia⁴¹/

/ha³³⁻¹¹ ia⁵³/

/hɛ²²⁻²¹ ia⁵³/

(～市) Shimotsuke (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)


磐城

/pʰän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pʰän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 磐城 (Iwaki).

(～市) Iwaki (a city in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan)


馬鞍

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/ma²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ uã⁴⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uã⁴⁴/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ uã³³/

/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uã⁴⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/ma²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ uã⁴⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uã⁴⁴/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ uã³³/

/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uã⁴⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

(～鎮) (historical) Ma'an (a town in Yunxi, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

(～鄉) Ma'an (a township in Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～村) Ma'an (a village in Wanquan, Honghu, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


昌原

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/


城南

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ nän³⁵/

(～街道) Chengnan (a subdistrict of Jingzhou district, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)

(～村) Chengnan (a village in Tancheng, Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


京畿道

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ kei̯⁵⁵ tou̯²²/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ kei̯⁵⁵ tou̯²²/


江原道

Цзянъюань Дао

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ tou̯²²/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ tou̯²²/

Gangwon Province
w:Gangwon Province, South Korea

Gangwon Province (a province of South Korea)

Kangwon Province
w:Kangwon Province (North Korea)

Kangwon Province (a province of North Korea)


全羅北道

ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄠˋ

ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄠˋ

Цюаньлобэйдао

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/


全羅南道

ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄠˋ

ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄠˋ

Цюаньлонаньдао

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ nän³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ nän³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/


粵東

/ɥɛ⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːt̚² tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/uak̚⁴⁻² taŋ³³/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːt̚² tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/uak̚⁴⁻² taŋ³³/

粵東僑鄉

粤东侨乡

eastern Guangdong dialects of Southern Min

粵東閩南語

粤东闽南语

eastern Guangdong edition of Ram City Evening News

《羊城晚報》粵東版

《羊城晚报》粤东版

eastern Guangdong (a region of Guangdong, China), equivalent to the prefecture-level cities of Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, Shanwei, and Meizhou


粵西

/jyːt̚² sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/jyːt̚² sɐi̯⁵⁵/

western Guangdong (a region of Guangdong, China)


高村

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Gaocun (a town in Wuqing district, Tianjin, China)

(～鄉) (historical) Gaocun (a township in Wuqing district, Tianjin, China)

(～村) Gaocun (a village in Gaocun, Wuqing district, Tianjin, China)


玉井

/y⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jʊk̚² t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

/jʊk̚² t͡sɪŋ³⁵/

/ŋi̯uk̚⁵ t͡si̯aŋ³¹/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sẽ⁵³/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sĩ⁵³/

/ɡiɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡sẽ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡sĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sɛ̃⁵³/

/ɡiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sĩ⁵³/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sẽ⁵³/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sĩ⁵³/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sẽ⁴¹/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sĩ⁴¹/

/y⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jʊk̚² t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

/jʊk̚² t͡sɪŋ³⁵/

/ŋi̯uk̚⁵ t͡si̯aŋ³¹/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sẽ⁵³/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sĩ⁵³/

/ɡiɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡sẽ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡sĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sɛ̃⁵³/

/ɡiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sĩ⁵³/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sẽ⁵³/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sĩ⁵³/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sẽ⁴¹/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sĩ⁴¹/

From Japanese 玉井(たまい) (Tamai), a phono-semantic matching of the original name of 噍吧哖 (Ta-pa-nî).

(～區) Yujing (a district of Tainan, Taiwan)


神山

/ʂən³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ʂən³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Shenshan (a town in Chibi, Xianning, Hubei, China)


大江

English: Ta

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ai³² kɔŋ³³/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ koŋ²⁴/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ai³² kɔŋ³³/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ koŋ²⁴/

(～鎮) Dajiang (a town in Taishan, Jiangmen, Guangdong)

(～鎮) Dajiang (a town in Xinxing, Yunfu, Guangdong)


北山

→ English: Beishan

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～街道) Beishan (a subdistrict of Chuanying district, Jilin, Jilin, China)

(～街道) Beishan (a subdistrict of Yanji, Yanbian, Jilin, China)

(～街道) Beishan (a subdistrict of Xiangyang district, Hegang, Heilongjiang, China)

(～街道) Beishan (a subdistrict of Lingdong district, Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang, China)

(～街道) Beishan (a subdistrict of Xinxing district, Qitaihe, Heilongjiang, China)

(～街道) Beishan (a subdistrict of Aimin district, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China)

(～街道) Beishan (a subdistrict of Xihu district, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)

(～街道) Beishan (a subdistrict of Macun district, Jiaozuo, Henan, China)

(～鎮) Beishan (a town in Qingtian, Lishui, Zhejiang, China)

(～鎮) Beishan (a town in Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Beishan (a town in Longhui, Shaoyang, Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Beishan (a town in Yizhou district, Hechi, Guizhou, China)

(～鄉) Beishan (a township in Suibin, Hegang, Heilongjiang, China)

(～鄉) Beishan (a township in Duchang, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China)

(～鄉) Beishan (a township in Dazhou district, Dazhou, Sichuan, China)

(～鄉) Beishan (a township in Xide, Liangshan, Sichuan, China)

(～鄉) Beishan (a township in Minhe, Haidong, Qinghai, China)

(～鄉) Beishan (a township in Menyuan, Haibei, Qinghai, China)

(～村) Kitayama (a village in Higashimuro district, Wakayama Prefecture, Kansai, Japan)

(～村) Beishan (a village in Bo'ao, Qionghai, Hainan, China)

(～村) (historical) Beishan (a village in Lingshanwei, Huangdao district, Qingdao, Shandong, China)

(～村) Beishan (a village in Guoxing, Nantou County, Taiwan)

Purple Mountain
w:Purple Mountain (Nanjing)

alternate name for Purple Mountain (a mountain in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China)

Bagong Mountain
w:Bagong Mountain Scenic Spot

alternate name for Bagong Mountain (a mountain in Bagongshan district, Huainan, Anhui, China)


有田

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 有田 (Arida).

(～市) Arida (a city in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan)


沙嘴

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (沙嘴):
* → Japanese: 砂嘴(さし) (sashi)

/ʂä⁵⁵ t͡su̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂä⁵⁵ t͡su̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～街道) Shazui (a subdistrict of Xiantao, Hubei, China)


東土耳其斯坦

ㄉㄨㄥ ㄊㄨˇ ㄦˇ ㄑㄧˊ ㄙ ㄊㄢˇ

ㄉㄨㄥ ㄊㄨˇ ㄦˇ ㄑㄧˊ ㄙ ㄊㄢˇ

Дун Туэрцисытань

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

East Turkestan (a geographic region in northwestern China; in modern usage, a synonym of Xinjiang used by the East Turkestan independence movement)


大倉

/tä⁵¹ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～村) Dacang (a rural village in Baisha, Penghu County, Taiwan)


紅花

/xʊŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² hue³³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/

/aŋ¹³⁻²² hua⁴⁴/

/ɦoŋ²² ho⁴⁴/

/ɦoŋ²² ho³³/

/xʊŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/aŋ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/aŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² hue³³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/

/aŋ¹³⁻²² hua⁴⁴/

/ɦoŋ²² ho⁴⁴/

/ɦoŋ²² ho³³/

(～村) Honghua (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


永珍

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ t͡sɐn⁵⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ t͡sɐn⁵⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of Lao ວຽງຈັນ (wīang chan), via Cantonese.

psm

(Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore) Vientiane (a city, the capital city of Laos)


田川

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 田川 (Tagawa).

obor

(～市) Tagawa (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


諏訪

/t͡soʊ̯⁵⁵ fɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡soʊ̯⁵⁵ fɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 諏訪 (Suwa).

(～市) Suwa (a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


江川

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Jiangchuan (a district and former county of Yuxi, Yunnan, China)


山上

/ʂän⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/saːn⁵⁵ sœːŋ²²/

/san²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ⁵⁵/

/san⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²/

/san⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²/

/san⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/

/san⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/

/ʂän⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/saːn⁵⁵ sœːŋ²²/

/san²⁴⁻¹¹ soŋ⁵⁵/

/san⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²/

/san⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²/

/san⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/

/san⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/

(～區) Shanshang (a district of Tainan, Taiwan)


煙臺

→ English: Yantai, Yen-tai, Yen-t'ai

/jɛn⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/jiːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/ian⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰoɪ¹¹/

/ieŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nai⁵³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tai²⁴/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tai¹³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tai²⁴/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tai²³/

/iŋ³³⁻²³ tʰai⁵⁵/

/jɛn⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/jiːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/ian⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰoɪ¹¹/

/ieŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nai⁵³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tai²⁴/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tai¹³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tai²⁴/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tai²³/

/iŋ³³⁻²³ tʰai⁵⁵/

(～市) Yantai (a coastal prefecture-level city in northeastern Shandong, China)

(～村) Yantai (a village in the township of Haidao, Xiapu County, in the prefecture-level city of Ningde, Fujian, China)


聖路易斯

ㄕㄥˋ ㄌㄨˋ ㄧˋ ㄙ

ㄕㄥˋ ㄌㄨˋ ㄧˋ ㄙ

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ lou̯²² jɪk̚² siː⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ lou̯²² jɪk̚² siː⁵⁵/

St. Louis (a city in Missouri, United States)


中華街

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄐㄧㄝ

ㄓㄨㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄐㄧㄝ

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 中華街(ちゅうかがい) (Chūkagai).

Yokohama Chinatown (a neighborhood of Yokohama, Japan)

Nagasaki Shinchi Chinatown
w:Nagasaki Shinchi Chinatown

Nagasaki Shinchi Chinatown (a neighborhood of Nagasaki, Japan)


芒角

/mɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɔːŋ²¹ kɔːk̚³/

/mɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɔːŋ²¹ kɔːk̚³/

(historical) Mongkok (an area of Hong Kong)


旺角

/wɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²² kɔːk̚³/

/ɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kak̚³²/

/ɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² kak̚⁵/

/ɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kak̚³²/

/ɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kak̚³²/

/ɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kak̚³²/

/ɦuɑ̃²² koʔ⁴⁴/

/mɑ̃²² koʔ⁴⁴/

/wɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²² kɔːk̚³/

/ɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kak̚³²/

/ɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² kak̚⁵/

/ɔŋ²²⁻²¹ kak̚³²/

/ɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kak̚³²/

/ɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kak̚³²/

/ɦuɑ̃²² koʔ⁴⁴/

/mɑ̃²² koʔ⁴⁴/


圖瓦

/tʰu³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰou̯²¹ ŋaː¹³/

/tʰu³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰou̯²¹ ŋaː¹³/

～共和國 圖瓦共和國#Chinese


尼波羅

/ni³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/nei̯²¹ pɔː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/

/ni³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/nei̯²¹ pɔː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹/


不列顛

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄉㄧㄢ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄉㄧㄢ

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ li̯ɛ⁵¹ ti̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/puʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ l̃ieʔ⁵⁻³³ tieŋ⁵⁵/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ liɛt̚⁴⁻³² tiɛn⁴⁴/

/put̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɛt̚²⁴⁻² tiɛn³³/

/put̚³²⁻⁵ liɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tiɛn⁴⁴/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ liɛt̚⁴⁻³² tiɛn⁴⁴/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ liɛt̚⁴⁻³² tiɛn⁴⁴/

/pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ li̯ɛ⁵¹ ti̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/puʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ l̃ieʔ⁵⁻³³ tieŋ⁵⁵/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ liɛt̚⁴⁻³² tiɛn⁴⁴/

/put̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɛt̚²⁴⁻² tiɛn³³/

/put̚³²⁻⁵ liɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tiɛn⁴⁴/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ liɛt̚⁴⁻³² tiɛn⁴⁴/

/put̚³²⁻⁴ liɛt̚⁴⁻³² tiɛn⁴⁴/

(loosely) Britain (the United Kingdom, a kingdom and country in Northern Europe including the island of Great Britain as well as Northern Ireland on the northeastern portion of the island of Ireland)


加州

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (加州):
* → Japanese: 加州(かしゅう) (kashū)
* → Korean: 가주(加州) (Gaju)

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

加利福尼亞州 加利福尼亞州

加利福尼亚州 加利福尼亚州

short for 加利福尼亞州／加利福尼亚州 (Jiālìfúníyà Zhōu): California (the most populous state of the United States)


好望角

ㄏㄠˇ ㄨㄤˋ ㄐㄧㄠˇ

ㄏㄠˇ ㄨㄤˋ ㄐㄧㄠˇ

/xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hou̯³⁵ mɔːŋ²² kɔːk̚³/

/xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hou̯³⁵ mɔːŋ²² kɔːk̚³/