宜蘭

→ English: Yilan, Ilan

/ŋie⁵³⁻³³ l̃aŋ⁵³/

/ki¹³⁻¹¹ laŋ¹³/

/ki²⁴⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/

/ɡi²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/

/ɡi²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/

/ɡi¹³⁻²² lan¹³/

/ɡi²⁴⁻¹¹ lan²⁴/

/ɡi²³⁻³³ lan²³/

/ŋie⁵³⁻³³ l̃aŋ⁵³/

/ki¹³⁻¹¹ laŋ¹³/

/ki²⁴⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴/

/ɡi²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/

/ɡi²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/

/ɡi¹³⁻²² lan¹³/

/ɡi²⁴⁻¹¹ lan²⁴/

/ɡi²³⁻³³ lan²³/

With 1875 renaming from Komalan Subprefecture (噶瑪蘭廳), from Hokkien 噶瑪蘭 (Kat-má-lán), 蛤仔蘭 (Kap-á-lân) or 蛤仔難 (Kap-á-lān), names given to sites of the Kavalan tribe of Taiwanese aborigines.

(～市) Yilan (a city in Yilan County, Taiwan)


義大利

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/jiː²² taːi̯²² lei̯²²/

/i²¹⁻⁵³ tai²²⁻²¹ li²²/

/i⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tai⁴¹⁻²² li⁴¹/

/i²¹⁻⁵³ tai²²⁻²¹ li²²/

/i¹¹⁻⁵³ tai³³⁻¹¹ li³³/

/i²¹⁻⁴¹ tai³³⁻²¹ li³³/

/n̠ʲi²² da⁵⁵ li²¹/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/jiː²² taːi̯²² lei̯²²/

/i²¹⁻⁵³ tai²²⁻²¹ li²²/

/i⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tai⁴¹⁻²² li⁴¹/

/i²¹⁻⁵³ tai²²⁻²¹ li²²/

/i¹¹⁻⁵³ tai³³⁻¹¹ li³³/

/i²¹⁻⁴¹ tai³³⁻²¹ li³³/

/n̠ʲi²² da⁵⁵ li²¹/

Borrowed from English Italy. Attested as early as 1837, in the Eastern Western Monthly Magazine.

1837, “經書”, in Karl Gützlaff, editor, 東西洋考每月統紀傳 [Eastern Western Monthly Magazine], page 8:

Míngcháo zhī shí, Dàyīng, Fǎlánxī, Yìdàlì, Ālǐmàn, gèguó zhī rú xīng, zuǎn jīngshū hàofán.

明朝之時，大英、法蘭西、義大利、阿理曼，各國之儒興，纂經書浩繁。

明朝之时，大英、法兰西、义大利、阿理曼，各国之儒兴，纂经书浩繁。

(now chiefly Taiwan) Italy (a country in Southern Europe)


屏東

desc

→ English: Pingtung, P'ing-tung, Ping Tung, Pingdong

/pʰiŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/piŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nøyŋ⁵⁵/

/pin²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pin²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ³³/

/pin¹³⁻²² tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pin²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pin²³⁻³³ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/piŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nøyŋ⁵⁵/

/pin²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pin²⁴⁻²² tɔŋ³³/

/pin¹³⁻²² tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pin²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

/pin²³⁻³³ tɔŋ⁴⁴/

From Japanese 屏東(へいとう) (Heitō) in 1920, referring to its relative position to 半屏山 (Poàⁿ-pêng-soaⁿ, “Mount Banping”).

(～市) Pingtung (a city in Pingtung County, Taiwan)


侏儒

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ʐu³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ jyː²¹/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ zu²³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ lu²⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² lu²⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zi¹³/

/t͡su³³⁻²³ d͡zu⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ zz̩²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ʐu³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ jyː²¹/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ zu²³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ lu²⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² lu²⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zi¹³/

/t͡su³³⁻²³ d͡zu⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ zz̩²¹/

Possibly cognate with 蜘蛛 (OC *te to, “spider”), per the dialectal dictionary Fangyan (1st century CE):
:
Compare the derivation of English midget from midge.

“Te to”, spider; also called “to mo”. To the west of Hangu Pass, in the Qin and Jin regions, it is called “to mo”. To the east of the Pass, in the Zhao and Wei regions, it is called “te to”, or “to lo”. The latter is an alternation of the word “to no” (“dwarf”). In the Northern Yan, Korea, and Lie River regions, it is called “to la”.

Zhīzhū, zhūmáo yě. Zì Guān ér xī, Qín Jìn zhījiān wèi zhī zhūmáo. Zì Guān ér dōng, Zhào Wèi zhī jiāo wèi zhī zhīzhū, huò wèi zhī zhúyú, zhúyú zhě zhūrú yǔ zhī zhuǎn yě. Běiyàn Cháoxiān Lièshuǐ zhījiān, wèi zhī dúchú.

鼅鼄，鼄蝥也。自關而西，秦晉之間謂之鼄蝥。自關而東，趙魏之郊謂之鼅鼄，或謂之蠾蝓，蠾蝓者侏儒語之轉也。北燕朝鮮洌水之間，謂之蝳蜍。

𱌄𬹣，𬹣蝥也。自关而西，秦晋之间谓之𬹣蝥。自关而东，赵魏之郊谓之𱌄𬹣，或谓之𧑏蝓，𧑏蝓者侏儒语之转也。北燕朝鲜洌水之间，谓之蝳蜍。

(～街道) Zhuru (a subdistrict of Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


泰王國

ㄊㄞˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄊㄞˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ wɔːŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ wɔːŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

Kingdom of Thailand
Kingdom of Thailand#English:_Q869

Kingdom of Thailand (official name of Thailand: a country in Southeast Asia)


苦盞

/kʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Khujand, capital of the Sughd province in north of Tajikistan


公館

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kuːn³⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁵³/

/kɔŋ³³ kuan⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kuːn³⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁵³/

/kɔŋ³³ kuan⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴¹/

(～鎮) Gongguan (a town in Hepu, Beihai, Guangxi, China)

(～鎮) Gongguan (a town in Maonan district, Maoming, Guangdong, China)

(～鄉) Gongguan, Kungkuan (a rural township in Miaoli County, Taiwan)

(～鄉) Gongguan (a township in Xunyang, Ankang, Shaanxi, China)


富岡

/fu⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fu⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 富岡 (Tomioka).

obor

(～市) Tomioka (a city in Gunma Prefecture, Japan)

(～町) Tomioka (a town in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan)


龍門

/lʊŋ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/noŋ²¹ mən²¹/

/lʊŋ²¹ muːn²¹/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ bun²³/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ bun²⁴/

/loŋ²² mən⁴⁴/

/lʊŋ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/noŋ²¹ mən²¹/

/lʊŋ²¹ muːn²¹/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ bun²³/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ bun²⁴/

/loŋ²² mən⁴⁴/

(～縣) Longmen (a county of Huizhou, Guangdong, China)

(～街道) Longmen (a subdistrict of Wushan, Chongqing, China)


彰化

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ faː³³/

/t͡soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/

/t͡suoŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ faː³³/

/t͡soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/

/t͡suoŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑ²¹³/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/

/t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/

(～市) Changhua (a city in Changhua County, Taiwan)


光復

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ fʊk̚²/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fuk̚⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔk̚⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ hɔk̚²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔk̚¹²¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔk̚⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔk̚⁴/

/kuɑ̃⁵⁵ voʔ²¹/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ fʊk̚²/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fuk̚⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔk̚⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ hɔk̚²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hɔk̚¹²¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔk̚⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔk̚⁴/

/kuɑ̃⁵⁵ voʔ²¹/

(～鄉) Guangfu (a rural township in Hualien County, Taiwan)


星光

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (星光):
* → Korean: 성광(星光) (seonggwang)

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sen²⁴⁻¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ kuaŋ³³/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sen²⁴⁻¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ kuaŋ³³/

(～村) Xingguang (a village in Chengbei, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～村) Xingguang (a village in Zhashan, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


吉祥

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕiəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ ɕiɒ̃¹¹/

/kɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ ɬyɒŋ¹³/

/kɛʔ²⁻⁴ ɬyøŋ²⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ siɔŋ²³/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ siaŋ¹³/

/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ ʑiã⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕiəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ ɕiɒ̃¹¹/

/kɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ ɬyɒŋ¹³/

/kɛʔ²⁻⁴ ɬyøŋ²⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ siɔŋ²³/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ siaŋ¹³/

/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ ʑiã⁴⁴/

(～里) an urban village in Songshan district, Taipei, Taiwan


朝天

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Chaotian District (a district of Guangyuan, Sichuan, China)


國子監

Sino-Xenic (國子監):
* → Vietnamese: Quốc Tử Giám (國子監)

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄗˇ ㄐㄧㄢˋ

ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄗˇ ㄐㄧㄢˋ

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ t͡siː³⁵ kaːm³³/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ t͡siː³⁵ kaːm³³/

(～社區) Guozijian (a residential community in Andingmen, Dongcheng district, Beijing, China)


板橋

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pæ̃⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiɔː²⁴/

/paːn³⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kio²⁴/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kio¹³/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kio²⁴/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɤ²³/

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pæ̃⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiɔː²⁴/

/paːn³⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kio²⁴/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kio¹³/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kio²⁴/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɤ²³/

(～鎮) Banqiao Town (name of various towns in China)

(～鎮) Banqiao (a town in Nanzhang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Banqiao (a town in Enshi, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


板橋

desc

→ English: Banciao, Banqiao, Pan-ch'iao, Panchiao

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/paːn³⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/pi̯oŋ²⁴ kʰi̯eu̯¹¹/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kio²⁴/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kio¹³/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kio²⁴/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɤ²³/

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/paːn³⁵ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/pi̯oŋ²⁴ kʰi̯eu̯¹¹/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kio²⁴/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kio¹³/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kio²⁴/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɤ²³/

From Japanese 板橋(いたはし) (Itahashi), from the former name 枋橋／枋桥. The Min Nan and Hakka pronunciations are based on the former name.

(～區, formerly ～鎮, ～市) Banqiao, Banciao, Panchiao (a district of New Taipei City, Taiwan)


美索不達米亞

ㄇㄟˇ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄚˊ ㄇㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄇㄟˇ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄚˊ ㄇㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

Мэйсобудамия

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹ tä³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/mei̯¹³ sɔːk̚³ pɐt̚⁵ taːt̚² mɐi̯¹³ aː³³/

(historical) Mesopotamia (a geographic region in southwest Asia, spanning from the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, located in modern Iraq, eastern Syria, and southeast Turkey; the site of one of the most ancient civilizations in the history of man)

(historical) Mesopotamia (a former province of the Roman Empire, existing from 116 to 117 AD and again from 198 to 637 AD)


川西

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 川西 (Kawanishi).

obor

(～市) Kawanishi (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


羽生

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 羽生 (Hanyū).

(～市) Hanyū (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


竹原

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 竹原 (Takehara).

(～市) Takehara (a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


井原

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 井原 (Ibara).

(～市) Ibara (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)


西脇

/ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

(～市) Nishiwaki (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


撒馬爾罕

ㄙㄚˇ ㄇㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄏㄢˇ

ㄙㄚˇ ㄇㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄏㄢˇ

/sä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


新月沃土

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄩㄝˋ ㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄨˇ

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄩㄝˋ ㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄨˇ

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ wɔ⁵¹ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ wɔ⁵¹ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Fertile Crescent
Fertile Crescent#English:_Q170526

(historical) Fertile Crescent (a crescent-shaped geographic region of fertile land in the Middle East in Western Asia, stretching from present-day Iraq through eastern Turkey to Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and Palestine)


孟加拉

/mɤŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/maːŋ²² kaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/men⁵⁵ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ la²⁴/

/mɛiŋ²⁴²⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋa⁵⁵ l̃aʔ⁵/

/biɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁵³/

/biɪŋ³³⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴¹/

/biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴/

/biɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³ la³³/

/biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴/

/mã²² ka⁵⁵ la²¹/

/mɤŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/maːŋ²² kaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/men⁵⁵ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ la²⁴/

/mɛiŋ²⁴²⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋa⁵⁵ l̃aʔ⁵/

/biɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁵³/

/biɪŋ³³⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴¹/

/biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴/

/biɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³ la³³/

/biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴/

/mã²² ka⁵⁵ la²¹/

Ultimately from Bengali বাংলা (baṅla) via Hokkien.

(chiefly Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, Malaysia) Bangladesh (a country in South Asia)


川越

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 川越 (Kawagoe).

(～市) Kawagoe (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


大林

/taːi̯²² lɐm²¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ nã²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² nã²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ nã¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ nã²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ nã²³/

/taːi̯²² lɐm²¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ nã²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² nã²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ nã¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ nã²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ nã²³/

(～鎮) Dalin (an urban township in Chiayi County, Taiwan)


柏原

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 柏原 (Kashiwara).

(～市) Kashiwara (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)

(～村) Baiyuan (a village in Dongsong, Luoning, Luoyang, Henan, China)


江原

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/

Gangwon Province
w:Gangwon Province, South Korea

(～道) Gangwon Province (a province of South Korea)

Kangwon Province
w:Kangwon Province (North Korea)

(～道) Kangwon Province (a province of North Korea)


黃梅

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ meɪ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ muːi̯²¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ meɪ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ muːi̯²¹/

(～縣) Huangmei (a county of Huanggang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Huangmei (a town in Huangmei, Huanggang, Hubei, China)


坂東

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 坂東 (Bandō).

(～市) Bandō (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


蘇瓦

/su⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sou̯⁵⁵ ŋaː¹³/

/su⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sou̯⁵⁵ ŋaː¹³/


馬納瓜

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹ ku̯ä⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹ ku̯ä⁵⁵/

(Taiwan) Managua (a city, the capital city of Nicaragua)


聖薩爾瓦多

ㄕㄥˋ ㄙㄚˋ ㄦˇ ㄨㄚˇ ㄉㄨㄛ

ㄕㄥˋ ㄙㄚˋ ㄦˇ ㄨㄚˇ ㄉㄨㄛ

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ saːt̚³ jiː¹³ ŋaː¹³ tɔː⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ saːt̚³ jiː¹³ ŋaː¹³ tɔː⁵⁵/

San Salvador (a city, the capital city of El Salvador)


聖保羅

ㄕㄥˋ ㄅㄠˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ

ㄕㄥˋ ㄅㄠˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ pou̯³⁵ lɔː²¹/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ pou̯³⁵ lɔː²¹/

São Paulo (a municipality, the state capital of São Paulo, Brazil)

Southeast Region
Southeast Region#English

(～州) São Paulo (a state of the Southeast Region, Brazil)

Saint Paul (a city, the state capital of Minnesota, United States)


聖荷西

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ hɔː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ hɔː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

(Taiwan) San José (a city, the capital city of Costa Rica)

(Taiwan) San Jose (a city in California, United States)


波多諾伏

ㄅㄛ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄈㄨˊ

ㄅㄛ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄈㄨˊ

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ nu̯ɔ⁵¹ fu³⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ nu̯ɔ⁵¹ fu³⁵/

Porto-Novo (the official capital of Benin)


大空

/tä⁵¹ kʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² hʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ kʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² hʊŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大空(おおぞら) (Ōzora).

(～町) Ōzora (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


古山

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～村) Gushan (a village in Shijing, Nan'an, Quanzhou, Fujian, China)


齊齊哈爾

desc

→ English: Ch'i-ch'i-ha-erh, Chichihaerh, Qiqiha'er, Qiqihaer

ㄑㄧˊ ㄑㄧˊ ㄏㄚ ㄦˇ

ㄑㄧˊ ㄑㄧˊ ㄏㄚ ㄦˇ

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ xä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐi̯²¹ t͡sʰɐi̯²¹ haː⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/t͡sʰɐi̯²¹ t͡sʰɐi̯²¹ haːi̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ xä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐi̯²¹ t͡sʰɐi̯²¹ haː⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/t͡sʰɐi̯²¹ t͡sʰɐi̯²¹ haːi̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

(～市) Qiqihar (a prefecture-level city of Heilongjiang, China)


南昌

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/nam¹¹ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰyɒŋ⁵³³/

/naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔŋ³³/

/lam²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴/

/nam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiaŋ³³/

/nø²² t͡sʰɑ̃⁴⁴/

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/nam¹¹ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰyɒŋ⁵³³/

/naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔŋ³³/

/lam²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴/

/nam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiaŋ³³/

/nø²² t͡sʰɑ̃⁴⁴/

Attested in the Book of Han as the name of a county and the seat of Yuzhang Commandery (豫章郡, a commandery in present-day Jiangxi) since no later than 2 CE.

(～市) Nanchang (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Jiangxi, China)

(～縣) Nanchang (a county of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China)

(～村) Nanchang (a village in Wanquan, Honghu, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


無錫

→ English: Wuhsi, Wu-hsi, Wusih, Wuxi

/mou̯²¹ sɛːk̚³/

/u⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiʔ²⁴/

/bu²⁴⁻²² siaʔ³²/

/bo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siaʔ²/

/vu²² ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

/mou̯²¹ sɛːk̚³/

/u⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiʔ²⁴/

/bu²⁴⁻²² siaʔ³²/

/bo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siaʔ²/

/vu²² ɕiɪʔ⁴⁴/

(～市) Wuxi (a prefecture-level city of Jiangsu, in eastern China)


常州

→ English: Changzhou, Changchow, Ch'ang-chou

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/siɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/zã²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/siɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/zã²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

(～市) Changzhou (a prefecture-level city in southern Jiangsu, China)


台州

/tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tʰe⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tʰe⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

(～市) Taizhou (a prefecture-level city of Zhejiang, China)


南通

English: Nantong, Nan-t'ung, Nantung

/nän³⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lam²⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ³³/

/lam¹³⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/nam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰoŋ³³/

/nø²² tʰoŋ⁴⁴/

/nän³⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lam²⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ³³/

/lam¹³⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/nam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰoŋ³³/

/nø²² tʰoŋ⁴⁴/

(～市) Nantong (a prefecture-level city of Jiangsu, China)


貴陽

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (貴陽):
* → Japanese: 貴(き)陽(よう) (Kiyō)
* → Vietnamese: Quý Dương (貴陽)

→ English: Guiyang, Kweiyang, Kuei-yang

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ jœːŋ²¹/

/ku̯i⁵⁵ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/kui¹¹ ʒoŋ⁵⁵/

/kuɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ iɔŋ¹¹/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ yoŋ⁵³/

/kui⁴² yɒŋ¹³/

/kui⁴²⁻⁵⁵ yøŋ²⁴/

/kui²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ²³/

/kui¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/kui²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/kui²¹⁻⁵³ iaŋ¹³/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ jœːŋ²¹/

/ku̯i⁵⁵ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/kui¹¹ ʒoŋ⁵⁵/

/kuɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ iɔŋ¹¹/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ yoŋ⁵³/

/kui⁴² yɒŋ¹³/

/kui⁴²⁻⁵⁵ yøŋ²⁴/

/kui²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ²³/

/kui¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/kui²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ²⁴/

/kui²¹⁻⁵³ iaŋ¹³/

(～市) Guiyang (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Guizhou, in southwestern China)

(～府) (historical) Guiyang (a former commandery of late imperial China)


淮安

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/waːi̯²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/huai⁵³⁻⁵⁵ aŋ⁵⁵/

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/waːi̯²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/huai⁵³⁻⁵⁵ aŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Huai'an (a prefecture-level city of Jiangsu, China)


臨沂

/lɐm²¹ jiː²¹/

/l̃iŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi⁵³/

/lim²⁴⁻²² ɡi²⁴/

/lim²⁴⁻²² ɡi²⁴/

/lim¹³⁻²² ɡi¹³/

/lim²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡi²⁴/

/lim²³⁻³³ ɡi²³/

/lɐm²¹ jiː²¹/

/l̃iŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi⁵³/

/lim²⁴⁻²² ɡi²⁴/

/lim²⁴⁻²² ɡi²⁴/

/lim¹³⁻²² ɡi¹³/

/lim²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡi²⁴/

/lim²³⁻³³ ɡi²³/

(～市) Linyi (a prefecture-level city of Shandong, China)


惠州

→ English: Huizhou, Waichow

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Huizhou (a prefecture-level city in southeastern Guangdong, China)


淮北

→ English: Huaibei, Huai-pei

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waːi̯²¹ pɐk̚⁵/

/huai⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɔyʔ²⁴/

/ɦua²² poʔ⁴⁴/

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waːi̯²¹ pɐk̚⁵/

/huai⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɔyʔ²⁴/

/ɦua²² poʔ⁴⁴/

(～市) Huaibei (a prefecture-level city of Anhui, China)


色薩利

/sɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/sɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

administrative region
administrative region

Thessaly (a historical region and modern administrative region of north-central Greece)


俄勒岡

/ˀɤ³⁵ lɤ⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋɔː²¹ lɐk̚² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋɔː²¹ laːk̚² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀɤ³⁵ lɤ⁵¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋɔː²¹ lɐk̚² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋɔː²¹ laːk̚² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Pacific Northwest
Pacific Northwest#English

(～州) (Mainland China, Hong Kong) Oregon (a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States)


洋山

/jɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/jɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Either of two islands of Zhejiang Province, the site of the Yangshan Deepwater Port


禮拜寺

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ paɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹/

/li⁵¹ pɛ⁴⁴ sz̩⁴⁴/

/lɐi̯¹³ paːi̯³³ t͡siː²²⁻³⁵/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ paɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹/

/li⁵¹ pɛ⁴⁴ sz̩⁴⁴/

/lɐi̯¹³ paːi̯³³ t͡siː²²⁻³⁵/

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


小平

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 小平 (Kodaira).


相模原

ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄇㄛˊ ㄩㄢˊ

ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄇㄛˊ ㄩㄢˊ

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/sœːŋ³³ mou̯²¹ jyːn²¹/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/sœːŋ³³ mou̯²¹ jyːn²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 相模原 (Sagamihara).

(～市) Sagamihara (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


八王子

/pä⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːt̚³ wɔːŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːt̚³ wɔːŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 八王子 (Hachiōji).


尼崎

/ni³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ni³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 尼崎 (Amagasaki).

(～市) Amagasaki (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


枚方

/meɪ̯³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/meɪ̯³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 枚方 (Hirakata).

(～市) Hirakata (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


高槻

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Takatsuki (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


哥倫布

/kɤ⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ pu⁵¹/

/kɔː⁵⁵ lɵn²¹ pou̯³³/

/kɤ⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ pu⁵¹/

/kɔː⁵⁵ lɵn²¹ pou̯³³/

From English Columbus, ultimately from Latin.

Columbus (a city, the state capital of Ohio, United States)


渭河

/weɪ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/wɐi̯²² hɔː²¹/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/wɐi̯²² hɔː²¹/


赤城

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～縣) Chicheng (a county of Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China)


吳淞

→ English: Woosung, Wusong

District and town named such due to its location at the mouth of the Suzhou Creek.

(～街道) Wusong (a subdistrict of Baoshan district, Shanghai, China)

(historical) (～鎮) Wusong (a former town in the municipality of Shanghai, China)


曼哈頓

/män⁵¹ xä⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/maːn²² haː⁵⁵ tɵn²²/

/män⁵¹ xä⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/maːn²² haː⁵⁵ tɵn²²/

Manhattan (a borough and island of New York City, New York, United States)

Manhattan (a city, the county seat of Riley County, Kansas, United States)


萬里

/wän⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ban²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/

/ban³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/

/wän⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ban²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/

/ban³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/

From the idiomatic sense of 萬／万 (wàn) as any uncountable or unimaginably large number.

(～區) Wanli (a district of New Taipei City, Taiwan)

(～里) an urban village in Wanli district, New Taipei City, Taiwan


亞里桑那

ㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄙㄤ ㄋㄚˋ

ㄧㄚˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄙㄤ ㄋㄚˋ

/jä⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɑŋ⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɑŋ⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/aː³³ lei̯¹³ sɔːŋ⁵⁵ naː¹³/

/jä⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɑŋ⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɑŋ⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/aː³³ lei̯¹³ sɔːŋ⁵⁵ naː¹³/

亞利桑那 亞利桑那#Chinese

亚利桑那 亚利桑那#Chinese

(～州) Alternative name for 亞利桑那／亚利桑那 (Yàlìsāngnà): Arizona (a state of the United States)


山門

/ʂän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/ʂän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/


印第安納

ㄧㄣˋ ㄉㄧˋ ㄢ ㄋㄚˋ

ㄧㄣˋ ㄉㄧˋ ㄢ ㄋㄚˋ

/in⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/jɐn³³ tɐi̯²² ɔːn⁵⁵ naːp̚²/

/in⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/jɐn³³ tɐi̯²² ɔːn⁵⁵ naːp̚²/

(～州) Indiana (a state of the United States)


海永

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Haiyong (a town and former township in Haimen district, Nantong in Jiangsu, China; a pene-exclave of Haimen, Jiangsu, originally on the separate island of Yonglongsha but now merged with the northern shore of Chongming Island)


長興島

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Changxing Island
Changxing Island#English

Changxing Island (an island of the city of Dalian, China)

Changxing Island (an island of the city of Shanghai, China)


會堂

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/wuːi̯²² tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/hui²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾louŋ⁵³/

/hue⁴¹⁻²² tŋ̍²⁴/

/hue²²⁻²¹ tŋ̍²⁴/

/hue²²⁻²¹ tŋ̍¹³/

/hue³³⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴/

/hue³³⁻²¹ tŋ̍²³/

/hue²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ¹³/

/hue²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/hue³⁵⁻¹¹ tɯŋ⁵⁵/

/ɦue²² dɑ̃⁴⁴/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/wuːi̯²² tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/wuːi̯²²⁻³⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/hui²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾louŋ⁵³/

/hue⁴¹⁻²² tŋ̍²⁴/

/hue²²⁻²¹ tŋ̍²⁴/

/hue²²⁻²¹ tŋ̍¹³/

/hue³³⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴/

/hue³³⁻²¹ tŋ̍²³/

/hue²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ¹³/

/hue²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/hue³⁵⁻¹¹ tɯŋ⁵⁵/

/ɦue²² dɑ̃⁴⁴/

Alternative name for 教堂 (jiàotáng, “various religious or ecclesiastical buildings: shrine, temple, chapel, church, mosque, synagogue, etc.”).


義烏

→ English: I-wu, Yiwu

/jiː²² wuː⁵⁵/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ ɔ⁴⁴/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻²² ɔ³³/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ ɔ⁴⁴/

/ɡi³³⁻¹¹ ɔ⁴⁴/

/ɡi³³⁻²¹ ɔ⁴⁴/

/jiː²² wuː⁵⁵/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ ɔ⁴⁴/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻²² ɔ³³/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ ɔ⁴⁴/

/ɡi³³⁻¹¹ ɔ⁴⁴/

/ɡi³³⁻²¹ ɔ⁴⁴/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Yiwu (a county-level city and former county of Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)


阿勒泰

/ˀä⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/aː³³ lɐk̚² tʰaːi̯³³/

/ˀä⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/aː³³ lɐk̚² tʰaːi̯³³/

Borrowed from Kazakh التاي (Altay). Doublet of 阿爾泰 /阿尔泰 (Ā'ěrtài).

(～地區) Altay (a prefecture of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～市) Altay (a county-level city of Altay prefecture, Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


江門

→ English: Jiangmen, Kongmoon

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/kɔŋ³³ ᵐbᵘɔn²²/

/køyŋ⁵⁵ muoŋ⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/kaŋ³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/kɔŋ³³ ᵐbᵘɔn²²/

/køyŋ⁵⁵ muoŋ⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/kaŋ³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

(～市) Jiangmen (a city in Guangdong, China)


撫順

/fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/fuː³⁵ sɵn²²/

/fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/fuː³⁵ sɵn²²/

(～市) Fushun (a prefecture-level city of Liaoning, China)


咸陽

→ English: Hsien-yang, Xianyang

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/haːm²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/haːm²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

Xianyang is located at the south of the Jiuzong mountains and north or Wei River. This satisfied both meanings of the character 陽 /阳 (yáng, “south side of mountain or north side of river”) in toponymy.

(～市) Xianyang (a city in Shaanxi, China)


海門

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ muːn²¹/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/hai⁵²⁻³⁵ muŋ⁵⁵/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ muːn²¹/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/hai⁵²⁻³⁵ muŋ⁵⁵/

(～區, formerly ～市, ～縣) Haimen (a district of Nantong, Jiangsu, China; a former county-level city and former county of Nantong, Jiangsu, China)

(～鎮) Haimen (a town in Chaoyang district, Shantou, Guangdong, China)


楊樹浦

desc

→ English: Yangshupu, Yangtszepoo, Yangtsze-Poo

/jɑŋ³⁵ ʂu⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɑŋ³⁵ ʂu⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～河) Yangshupu Creek (a creek in Yangpu district, Shanghai, China)

(historical) (～區) Yangshupu District (former name of Yangpu District: a district of Shanghai, China)


楊浦

/jɑŋ³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ĩõ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰou⁵²/

/jɑŋ³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ĩõ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰou⁵²/

A contraction of the earlier 楊樹浦 /杨树浦 (Yángshùpǔ), named for the 楊樹浦 /杨树浦 (Yángshùpǔ)河 (hé, “Yangshupu Creek”) in the area.

(～區) Yangpu (a district of Shanghai, China)


啟隆

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

A compound of Qidong (its county) and Yonglongsha (the former island on which it was founded)

(～鄉) Qilong Township (a township in Qidong, Nantong in Jiangsu, China; a pene-exclave of Jiangsu province on Chongming Island)


番禺

/pʰän⁵⁵ y³⁵/

/pʰuːn⁵⁵ jyː²¹/

/pʰᵘɔn³³ ᵑɡui²²/

/pʰuan⁴⁴⁻²² ɡu²⁴/

/pʰũã³³⁻²³ ŋo⁵⁵/

/pʰuaŋ³³⁻²³ ŋo⁵⁵/

/pʰän⁵⁵ y³⁵/

/pʰuːn⁵⁵ jyː²¹/

/pʰᵘɔn³³ ᵑɡui²²/

/pʰuan⁴⁴⁻²² ɡu²⁴/

/pʰũã³³⁻²³ ŋo⁵⁵/

/pʰuaŋ³³⁻²³ ŋo⁵⁵/

Classic of Mountains and Seas
Records of the Grand Historian

Attested in the Records of the Grand Historian and the Classic of Mountains and Seas.
There are multiple theories attempting to explain the origin of the name:
* There were two mountains in the region, 番山 (“Pan Mountain”) and 禺山 (“Yu Mountain”). 番禺 was formed by combining the first characters of the names of the two mountains.
* From 番山之禺 (“corner of Pan mountain”), with 禺 (yú) being equivalent to 隅 (yú, “corner”).
* From 蕃禺 (“remote place of foreign tribes”), composed of 蕃 (fān, “foreign tribes”) and 禺 (yú) (equivalent to 隅 (yú, “corner; remote place”)).
* Composed of Proto-Tai *ɓaːnꟲ (“village”) and Proto-Tai *klwɯəᴬ (“salt”) (literally "salt village").

(～區, formerly ～縣, ～市) Panyu (a district, former county, and former county-level city of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)


淮揚

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

the prefecture-level cities of Huai'an and Yangzhou in Jiangsu province, China

Huaiyang (a cultural area between the Yangtze and Huai rivers, particularly near the Grand Canal connecting Huai'an and Yangzhou in Jiangsu province, China)


西沙

→ English: Hsisha, Xisha

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵/

(～區) Xisha (a district of Sansha, Hainan, China)


啟東

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰɐi̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰɐi̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Qidong (a county-level city of Nantong, Jiangsu, China)


三沙

→ English: Sansha

From its three component areas of 中沙 (Zhōngshā, literally “central sand (Zhongsha)”), 南沙 (Nánshā, literally “south sand (Nansha)”), and 西沙 (Xīshā, literally “west sand (Xisha)”).

zh-l

/sän⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

2007, 海南籌建三沙市 爭議海域設轄區 面積約全國1/4

Zhōngguó jiāng zài yǔ dōngméng guójiā yǒu zhǔquán zhēngyì de nánzhōngguóhǎi bùfēn dǎoyǔ jí hǎiyù kuòdà xíngzhèng guǎnxiá qūyù. Jù běn bào dédào de xiāoxī, guówùyuàn yǐ pīzhǔn Hǎinán Xǐng zhèngfǔ de tíyì, jiāng xiànyǒu de Xīshā Qúndǎo bànshìchù shēnggé, shèlì xiànjíshì “Sānshā Shì”, xiàxiá Xīshā, Zhōngshā, Nánshā zhū qúndǎo. Mùqián yǒuguān jiànshì chóubèi gōngzuò zhèngzài jìnxíng. Xiāoxī chēng, wèilái de sānshā shì de hǎiyù fànwéi jiāng yú 200 wàn píngfānggōnglǐ, jiējìn quánguó lùdì miànjī (960 wàn píngfānggōnglǐ) de sì fēn zhī yī.

中國將在與東盟國家有主權爭議的南中國海部分島嶼及海域擴大行政管轄區域。據本報得到的消息，國務院已批准海南省政府的提議，將現有的西沙群島辦事處升格，設立縣級市「三沙市」，下轄西沙、中沙、南沙諸群島。目前有關建市籌備工作正在進行。消息稱，未來的三沙市的海域範圍將逾200萬平方公里，接近全國陸地面積(960萬平方公里)的四分之一。

2007, 海南籌建三沙市 爭議海域設轄區 面積約全國1/4

中国将在与东盟国家有主权争议的南中国海部分岛屿及海域扩大行政管辖区域。据本报得到的消息，国务院已批准海南省政府的提议，将现有的西沙群岛办事处升格，设立县级市「三沙市」，下辖西沙、中沙、南沙诸群岛。目前有关建市筹备工作正在进行。消息称，未来的三沙市的海域范围将逾200万平方公里，接近全国陆地面积(960万平方公里)的四分之一。

(～市) Sansha (a prefecture-level city of Hainan, China, responsible for the administration of the PRC's claims south of Hainan Island in the South China Sea)


三沙

→ English: Sansha

/sän⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Sansha (a town in Xiapu, Ningde, Fujian, China)


濰坊

/weɪ̯³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯²¹ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/mi⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uoŋ⁵⁵/

/i²⁴⁻²² hŋ̍⁴⁴/

/i²⁴⁻²² hŋ̍³³/

/i¹³⁻²² hŋ̍⁴⁴/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ hŋ̍⁴⁴/

/i²³⁻³³ hŋ̍⁴⁴/

/weɪ̯³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯²¹ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/mi⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uoŋ⁵⁵/

/i²⁴⁻²² hŋ̍⁴⁴/

/i²⁴⁻²² hŋ̍³³/

/i¹³⁻²² hŋ̍⁴⁴/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ hŋ̍⁴⁴/

/i²³⁻³³ hŋ̍⁴⁴/

(～市) Weifang (a city in Shandong, China)


周口

→ English: Zhoukou

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁵³/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁴¹/

/t͡sɤ⁵⁵ kʰɤ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁵³/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁴¹/

/t͡sɤ⁵⁵ kʰɤ²¹/

(～市) Zhoukou (a prefecture-level city of Henan, China)


菏澤

/xɤ³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/ho⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛiʔ⁵/

/ha²⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚⁴/

/ha²⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚²⁴/

/ha¹³⁻²² tiɪk̚¹²¹/

/ha²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚⁴/

/ha²³⁻³³ tiɪk̚⁴/

/o⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sek̚⁴/

/xɤ³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/ho⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛiʔ⁵/

/ha²⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚⁴/

/ha²⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚²⁴/

/ha¹³⁻²² tiɪk̚¹²¹/

/ha²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚⁴/

/ha²³⁻³³ tiɪk̚⁴/

/o⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sek̚⁴/


濟寧

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɐi̯³³ nɪŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɐi̯³³ nɪŋ²¹/

(～市) Jining (a prefecture-level city of Shandong, China)


諸城

→ English: Chu-ch'eng, Zhucheng

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(～市) Zhucheng (a city in Shandong, China)


阜陽

/fu⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/fɐu̯²² jœːŋ²¹/

/fu⁵⁵ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/pʰɛu²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ yoŋ⁵³/

/hu²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/hu²²⁻²¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/hu³³⁻²¹ iɔŋ²³/

/hu³³⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/hu²²⁻²¹ iaŋ¹³/

/vɤ²² ɦiã⁴⁴/

/fu⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/fɐu̯²² jœːŋ²¹/

/fu⁵⁵ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/pʰɛu²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ yoŋ⁵³/

/hu²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/hu²²⁻²¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/hu³³⁻²¹ iɔŋ²³/

/hu³³⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/hu²²⁻²¹ iaŋ¹³/

/vɤ²² ɦiã⁴⁴/

(～市) Fuyang (a prefecture-level city of Anhui, China)


鹽城

/jɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jiːm²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/sieŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niaŋ⁵³/

/iam²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/iam²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/iam¹³⁻²² siã¹³/

/iam²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/iam²³⁻³³ siã²³/

/ɦi²² zən⁴⁴/

/jɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jiːm²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/sieŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niaŋ⁵³/

/iam²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/iam²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/iam¹³⁻²² siã¹³/

/iam²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/iam²³⁻³³ siã²³/

/ɦi²² zən⁴⁴/

(～市) Yancheng (a prefecture-level city of Jiangsu, China)


衡陽

/xɤŋ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/xɤŋ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

Yang (south) of Mount Heng; based on Yin and yang toponymy in which south is associated with yang. Hengyang is situated to the south of Mount Heng.

(～市) Hengyang (a prefecture-level city of Hunan, China)

(～縣) Hengyang (a county of Hengyang, Hunan, China)


滄州

/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Cangzhou (a prefecture-level city of Hebei, China)


邢臺

/ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/jɪŋ²¹ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/hĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰai⁵⁵/

/ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/jɪŋ²¹ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/hĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰai⁵⁵/

(～市) Xingtai (a prefecture-level city of Hebei, China)


邵陽

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/siːu̯²² jœːŋ²¹/

/siou³⁵⁻¹¹ iaŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/siːu̯²² jœːŋ²¹/

/siou³⁵⁻¹¹ iaŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Shaoyang (a county of Shaoyang, Hunan, China)


南充

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/nam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ³³/

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/nam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ³³/

(～市) Nanchong (a prefecture-level city of Sichuan, China)


曲靖

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sɪŋ²²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ³³/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ²²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siɪŋ²²/

/kʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ²²/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sɪŋ²²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ³³/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ²²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siɪŋ²²/

/kʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ²²/

(～市) Qujing (a prefecture-level city of Yunnan, China)


茂名

/mɑʊ̯⁵¹ miŋ³⁵/

/mɐu̯²² mɪŋ²¹/

/mou³⁵⁻¹¹ mĩã⁵⁵/

/mɑʊ̯⁵¹ miŋ³⁵/

/mɐu̯²² mɪŋ²¹/

/mou³⁵⁻¹¹ mĩã⁵⁵/

Named after Jin (晉) dynasty Taoist scholar and doctor 潘茂名 (Pān Màomíng).

named-after

(～市) Maoming (a prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China)

(～縣) Maoming (a former county of Guangdong, China)


聊城

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/liːu̯²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/l̃ieu⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liaŋ⁵³/

/liau²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/

/liau²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi⁴¹/

/liau¹³⁻²² siã¹³⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/

/liau²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi³³/

/liau²³⁻³³ siã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰi³³/

/liɔ²² zən⁴⁴/

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/liːu̯²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/l̃ieu⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liaŋ⁵³/

/liau²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/

/liau²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi⁴¹/

/liau¹³⁻²² siã¹³⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/

/liau²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi³³/

/liau²³⁻³³ siã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰi³³/

/liɔ²² zən⁴⁴/

(～市) Liaocheng (a prefecture-level city of Shandong, China)


常德

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/sœːŋ²¹ tɐk̚⁵/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/siɔŋ²³⁻³³ tiɪk̚³²/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tiak̚⁵/

/siaŋ¹³⁻²² tiɪk̚³²/

/zã²² təʔ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/sœːŋ²¹ tɐk̚⁵/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/siɔŋ²³⁻³³ tiɪk̚³²/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚³²/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tiak̚⁵/

/siaŋ¹³⁻²² tiɪk̚³²/

/zã²² təʔ⁴⁴/

(～市) Changde (a prefecture-level city of Hunan, China)


新鄉

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

/siŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋyoŋ⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hiaŋ⁴⁴/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕiã²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

/siŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋyoŋ⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hiaŋ⁴⁴/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕiã²¹/

(～市) Xinxiang (a prefecture-level city of Henan, China)

(～縣) Xinxiang (a county of Xinxiang City, Henan, China)


六安

→ English: Liu'an, Liu-an, Luan, Lu'an

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/lu⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/lʊk̚² ɔːn⁵⁵/

/l̃øyʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ aŋ⁵⁵/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² an⁴⁴/

/liɔk̚²⁴⁻² an³³/

/liɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² an⁴⁴/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² an⁴⁴/

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/lu⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/lʊk̚² ɔːn⁵⁵/

/l̃øyʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ aŋ⁵⁵/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² an⁴⁴/

/liɔk̚²⁴⁻² an³³/

/liɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² an⁴⁴/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² an⁴⁴/

(～市) Lu'an (a prefecture-level city of Anhui, China)


泰安

→ English: T'ai-an, Tai'an

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ an³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ an⁴⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ an³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ an⁴⁴/

(～鄉) Tai'an, Tai-an, Taian (a mountain indigenous township in Miaoli County, Taiwan)

(～村) Tai'an (a village in Beiwan, Jingyuan, Baiyin, Gansu, China)

(～郡) Taean County (a county of South Korea)


綏化

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ faː³³/

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ faː³³/

(～市) Suihua (a prefecture-level city of Heilongjiang, China)


宿州

/su⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sʊk̚⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/syʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sieu⁵⁵/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡siu³³/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/soʔ³³ t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/su⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sʊk̚⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/syʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sieu⁵⁵/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡siu³³/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/soʔ³³ t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

(～市) Suzhou (a prefecture-level city of Anhui, China)


平頂山

desc

→ English: P'ing-ting-shan, Pingdingshan

ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄧㄥˇ ㄕㄢ

ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄧㄥˇ ㄕㄢ

/pʰiŋ³⁵ tiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ tɪŋ³⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/piŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾niŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾naŋ⁵⁵/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ san⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ san³³/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ san⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ san⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ san⁴⁴/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ tiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ tɪŋ³⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/piŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾niŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾naŋ⁵⁵/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ san⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ san³³/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ san⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ san⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ san⁴⁴/

(～市) Pingdingshan (a prefecture-level city of Henan, China)


亳州

→ English: Bozhou, Po-chou

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pɔːk̚³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/pɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/pɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡siu³³/

/pɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/pɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/pɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/boʔ¹¹ t͡sɤ²³/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pɔːk̚³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/pɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/pɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡siu³³/

/pɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/pɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/pɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/boʔ¹¹ t͡sɤ²³/

(～市) Bozhou (a prefecture-level city of Anhui, China)


漳州

ja-r

漳州(しょうしゅう) (Shōshū)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (漳州):
* → Japanese: 漳州(しょうしゅう) (Shōshū)
* → Korean: 장주(漳州) (Jangju)
* → Vietnamese: Chương Châu (漳州)

desc

→ English: Zhangzhou, Chang-chou, Changchow, Chang-chow, Changchew, Chiangchew, Tsiang-tsiu

→ Dutch: Zhangzhou, Tsiang-tsiu

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/t͡syɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁵³³/

/t͡syøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ t͡siu⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡siu³³/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔ̃⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siu³³/

/t͡sɑ̃⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/t͡syɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁵³³/

/t͡syøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ t͡siu⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡siu³³/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡siɔ̃⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siu³³/

/t͡sɑ̃⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

(～市) Zhangzhou (a prefecture-level city of Fujian, China)

(historical) Zhang Prefecture (a former prefecture of Fujian, China)


桂林

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (桂林):
* → Japanese: 桂林(けいりん) (Keirin)
* → Korean: 계림(桂林) (Gyerim)
* → Vietnamese: Quế Lâm (桂林)

→ English: Guilin, Kuei-lin, Kweilin

→ Georgian: კუეილინი (ḳueilini)

→ Korean: 구이린 (Gu'irin)

→ Zhuang: Gveilinz

/kʷɐi̯³³ lɐm²¹/

/kuɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ lim¹¹/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lim²⁴/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ lim⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ lɐm²¹/

/kuɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ lim¹¹/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lim²⁴/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ lim⁵⁵/

(～市) Guilin (a city in the Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(historical) (～郡) Guilin (an ancient commandery in modern Guangxi autonomous region, China)


宿遷

→ English: Su-ch'ien, Suqian, Sutsien

/su⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/sʊk̚⁵ t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵/

/syʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰieŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/siɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiɛn³³/

/siɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/soʔ³³ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/

/su⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/sʊk̚⁵ t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵/

/syʔ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰieŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/siɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiɛn³³/

/siɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/siɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/soʔ³³ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/

(～市) Suqian (a prefecture-level city of Jiangsu, China)


泰州

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡siu³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tʰa³³ t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡siu³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tʰa³³ t͡sɤ⁴⁴/


宜賓

→ English: I-pin, Yibin, Yipin

/jiː²¹ pɐn⁵⁵/

/jiː²¹ pɐn⁵⁵/


連雲港

ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄩㄣˊ ㄍㄤˇ

ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄩㄣˊ ㄍㄤˇ

/li̯ɛn³⁵ yn³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/liːn²¹ wɐn²¹ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋøyŋ³³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² hun²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² hun²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² hun¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ hun²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁵³/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ hun²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴¹/

/li²² ɦyn⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ yn³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/liːn²¹ wɐn²¹ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋøyŋ³³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² hun²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² hun²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² hun¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ hun²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁵³/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ hun²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴¹/

/li²² ɦyn⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

(～市) Lianyungang (a prefecture-level city of Jiangsu, China)


三藩市

/sän⁵⁵ fän⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sän⁵⁵ fän³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ɬam³³ fan²² si²¹⁻²¹⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ fän⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sän⁵⁵ fän³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ɬam³³ fan²² si²¹⁻²¹⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of English San Francisco.

psm

(～, formerly ～埠) (especially Cantonese) San Francisco (a city in California, United States)


廊坊

/lɑŋ³⁵ fɑŋ³⁵/

/lɑŋ³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lɔːŋ²¹ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/lɑŋ³⁵ fɑŋ³⁵/

/lɑŋ³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lɔːŋ²¹ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Langfang (a prefecture-level city of Hebei, China)


赤峰

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

Calque of Mongolian ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ (ulaɣanqada).

calque

(～市) Chifeng (a prefecture-level city of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


臨汾

→ English: Linfen, Lin-fen

/lɐm²¹ fɐn²¹/

/lɐm²¹ fɐn²¹/

(～市) Linfen (a prefecture-level city of Shanxi, China)


滁州

→ English: Ch'u-chou, Chuzhou

/ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰyː²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tu²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tu²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/tu¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tu²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/zz̩²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰyː²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tu²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tu²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/tu¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tu²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/zz̩²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

(～市) Chuzhou (a prefecture-level city of Anhui, China)


肇慶

desc

→ English: Chaoching, Chao-ch'ing, Chaoking, Shiuhing, Zhaoqing

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/siːu̯²² hɪŋ³³/

/tiau²²⁻²¹ kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/tiau⁴¹⁻²² kʰiɪŋ⁴¹/

/tiau²²⁻²¹ kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/tiau³³⁻¹¹ kʰiɪŋ¹¹/

/tiau³³⁻²¹ kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/zɔ²² t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/siːu̯²² hɪŋ³³/

/tiau²²⁻²¹ kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/tiau⁴¹⁻²² kʰiɪŋ⁴¹/

/tiau²²⁻²¹ kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/tiau³³⁻¹¹ kʰiɪŋ¹¹/

/tiau³³⁻²¹ kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/zɔ²² t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴/

(～市) Zhaoqing (a prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China)


株洲

→ English: Chu-chou, Chuchow, Zhuzhou

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Zhuzhou (a prefecture-level city of Hunan, China)


柳州

→ English: Liuzhou, Liu-chou, Liuchow

→ Zhuang: Liujcouh

/li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lɐu̯¹³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/liu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siu³³/

/li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lɐu̯¹³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/liu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siu³³/

(～市) Liuzhou (a prefecture-level city in north-central Guangxi autonomous region, China)


濱州

/pin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/pin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Binzhou (a city in Shandong, China)


棗莊

→ English: Tsao-chuang, Zaozhuang

/t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sou̯³⁵ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡so⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sŋ̍³³/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sɔ³³ t͡sɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sou̯³⁵ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡so⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sŋ̍³³/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sɔ³³ t͡sɑ̃⁴⁴/

(～市) Zaozhuang (a prefecture-level city of Shandong, China)


內江

/neɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Neijiang (a prefecture-level city of Sichuan, China)


焦作

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ t͡sɔːk̚³/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚³²/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚³²/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵ t͡soʔ²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ t͡sɔːk̚³/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚³²/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚³²/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚³²/

/t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵ t͡soʔ²¹/

(～市) Jiaozuo (a prefecture-level city of Henan, China)


蕪湖

→ English: Wuhu

/u⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾u⁵³/

/bu²⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/u⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾u⁵³/

/bu²⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

(～市) Wuhu (a prefecture-level city of Anhui, China)


玉林

/jʊk̚² lɐm²¹/

/ŋyʔ⁵⁻³³ l̃iŋ⁵³/

/kœʔ⁴⁻²¹ liŋ¹³/

/kyøʔ⁴⁻² liŋ²⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² lim²⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚²⁴⁻² lim²⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lim¹³/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² lim²⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² lim²³/

/ɡek̚⁴⁻² lim⁵⁵/

/jʊk̚² lɐm²¹/

/ŋyʔ⁵⁻³³ l̃iŋ⁵³/

/kœʔ⁴⁻²¹ liŋ¹³/

/kyøʔ⁴⁻² liŋ²⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² lim²⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚²⁴⁻² lim²⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ lim¹³/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² lim²⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² lim²³/

/ɡek̚⁴⁻² lim⁵⁵/

From its original name 鬱林, which is homophonous with 玉林 in Mandarin but not in the local Yue dialect.
In numerous texts from the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China era, 鬱林 was written as 玉林, presumably because the character 鬱 is relatively more complex. The official name change from 鬱林 to 玉林 took place in April 1956.
Note a similar name change did not take place for Yunan (鬱南) county in Guangdong.

(～市) Yulin (a city in the Guangxi autonomous region, China)


巴中

→ English: Bazhong, Pa-chung

/pä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Bazhong (a prefecture-level city of Sichuan, China)


蚌埠

/pɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/pɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/pʰɔːŋ¹³ fɐu̯²²/

/pʰouŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muɔ²⁴²/

/paŋ²²⁻²¹ po²²/

/paŋ⁴¹⁻²² po⁴¹/

/paŋ²²⁻²¹ po²²/

/paŋ³³⁻¹¹ po³³/

/paŋ³³⁻²¹ pɤ³³/

/pɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/pɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/

/pʰɔːŋ¹³ fɐu̯²²/

/pʰouŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muɔ²⁴²/

/paŋ²²⁻²¹ po²²/

/paŋ⁴¹⁻²² po⁴¹/

/paŋ²²⁻²¹ po²²/

/paŋ³³⁻¹¹ po³³/

/paŋ³³⁻²¹ pɤ³³/

(～市) Bengbu (a prefecture-level city of Anhui, China)


錦州

/t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kɐm³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kɐm³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Jinzhou (a prefecture-level city of Liaoning, China)


鎮江

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tiŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋouŋ⁵⁵/

/tin²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/tin²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tin¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tin²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tiŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ³³/

/t͡sən³³ kɑ̃⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tiŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋouŋ⁵⁵/

/tin²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/tin²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tin¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tin²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tiŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ³³/

/t͡sən³³ kɑ̃⁴⁴/

(～市) Zhenjiang (a prefecture-level city of Jiangsu, China)


秦皇島

→ English: Qinhuangdao

ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄉㄠˇ

ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄉㄠˇ

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵn²¹ wɔːŋ²¹ tou̯³⁵/

/t͡sin²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/t͡sin²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² to⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sin¹³⁻²² hɔŋ¹³⁻²² to⁵³/

/t͡sin²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ to⁵³/

/t͡sin²³⁻³³ hɔŋ²³⁻³³ tɤ⁴¹/

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵn²¹ wɔːŋ²¹ tou̯³⁵/

/t͡sin²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/t͡sin²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² to⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sin¹³⁻²² hɔŋ¹³⁻²² to⁵³/

/t͡sin²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ to⁵³/

/t͡sin²³⁻³³ hɔŋ²³⁻³³ tɤ⁴¹/

(～市) Qinhuangdao (a prefecture-level city of Hebei, China)


威海

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/ui⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ai³³/

/ui⁴⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/ui⁴⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/ui⁴⁴⁻³³ hai⁵³/

/ui⁴⁴⁻³³ hai⁴¹/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/ui⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ai³³/

/ui⁴⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/ui⁴⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/ui⁴⁴⁻³³ hai⁵³/

/ui⁴⁴⁻³³ hai⁴¹/

(～市) Weihai (a prefecture-level city of Shandong, China)


日照

→ English: Jih-chao, Rizhao

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/jɐt̚² t͡siːu̯³³/

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/jɐt̚² t͡siːu̯³³/


牡丹江

→ English: Mudanjiang, Mu-tan-chiang

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mu²¹⁴ d̥än⁴ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/maːu̯¹³ taːn⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tan³³ kaŋ³³/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mu²¹⁴ d̥än⁴ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/maːu̯¹³ taːn⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tan³³ kaŋ³³/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

牡丹 (mǔdān) is a phono-semantic matching of Manchu ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠨ (mudan, “bend”), in the Manchu name for the river ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠨ
ᡠᠯᠠ (mudan ula, “river of bends”).

psm

(～市) Mudanjiang (a prefecture-level city of Heilongjiang, China)


莆田

→ English: Putian, Putien, P'u-t'ien

/pʰu³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/pʰou̯²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

/pʰu¹¹ tʰiɛn¹¹/

/puo⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lieŋ⁵³/

/pʰɔu¹³⁻¹¹ ^((t͡sʰ-))lɛŋ¹³/

/pʰɔu²⁴⁻²¹ ^((t͡sʰ-))lɛŋ²⁴/

/pʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/pʰɔ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰan²³/

/pʰɔ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰan¹³/

/pʰɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰan²⁴/

/pɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰan²⁴/

/pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰu³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/pʰou̯²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

/pʰu¹¹ tʰiɛn¹¹/

/puo⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lieŋ⁵³/

/pʰɔu¹³⁻¹¹ ^((t͡sʰ-))lɛŋ¹³/

/pʰɔu²⁴⁻²¹ ^((t͡sʰ-))lɛŋ²⁴/

/pʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/pʰɔ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰan²³/

/pʰɔ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰan¹³/

/pʰɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰan²⁴/

/pɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰan²⁴/

/pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Putian (a prefecture-level city of Fujian, China)

(～縣) (historical) Putian (a former county of Fujian, China)

(～地區) (historical) Putian (a former prefecture of Fujian, China)


湘潭

desc

→ English: Hsiang-t'an, Siangtan, Xiangtan

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰän³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ tʰaːm²¹/

/siaŋ³³⁻²³ tʰam⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰän³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ tʰaːm²¹/

/siaŋ³³⁻²³ tʰam⁵⁵/


鐵嶺

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Originally a Korean place name located in present-day Hamgyong and Gangwon provinces of North Korea. The city was moved from there to present-day Tieling to continue its function as a military fort after the territory was lost.

(～市) Tieling (a prefecture-level city of Liaoning, China)


自貢

→ English: Zigong

/t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² kʊŋ³³/

/t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ouŋ²¹³/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ kɔŋ²¹/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻²² kɔŋ⁴¹/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ kɔŋ²¹/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ kɔŋ¹¹/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ kɔŋ²¹/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² kʊŋ³³/

/t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ouŋ²¹³/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ kɔŋ²¹/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻²² kɔŋ⁴¹/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ kɔŋ²¹/

/t͡su³³⁻¹¹ kɔŋ¹¹/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ kɔŋ²¹/

(～市) Zigong (a prefecture-level city of Sichuan, China)


南平

/nän³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾miŋ⁵³/

/naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ piŋ¹³/

/naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ piŋ²⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ piɪŋ²⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

/nän³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾miŋ⁵³/

/naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ piŋ¹³/

/naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ piŋ²⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ piɪŋ²⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

(～市) Nanping (a prefecture-level city of Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Nanping (a town in Gong'an, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


葫蘆島

→ English: Huludao, Hulutao, Hu-lu-tao

/xu³⁵ lu³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xu³⁵ lu³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～市) Huludao (a prefecture-level city of Liaoning, China)


丹東

→ English: Dandong, Tantung, Tan-tung

/tän⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/taːn⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tän⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/taːn⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

Renamed 丹東 (literally "red east") from the similarly pronounced 安東／安东 (Āndōng, literally “to pacify the east”) in 1965 because it was considered “not friendly” to North Korea, which is on the east of China.

zh-l

(～市) Dandong (a prefecture-level city of Liaoning, China)


黃石

→ English: Huangshi, Hwangshih

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ sɛːk̚²/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nuoʔ⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))ŋieu¹³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))ŋieu²⁴/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sioʔ⁴/

/ŋ̍³³ t͡sioʔ²⁴/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sioʔ¹²¹/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sioʔ⁴/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/ɦuɑ̃²² zaʔ⁴⁴/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ sɛːk̚²/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nuoʔ⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))ŋieu¹³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))ŋieu²⁴/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sioʔ⁴/

/ŋ̍³³ t͡sioʔ²⁴/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sioʔ¹²¹/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sioʔ⁴/

/ŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/ɦuɑ̃²² zaʔ⁴⁴/

(～市) Huangshi (a prefecture-level city of Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Huangshi (a town in Licheng district, Putian, Fujian, China)


營口

→ English: Ying-k'ou, Yingkou, Yingkow

/iŋ³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɪŋ²¹ hɐu̯³⁵/

/iŋ³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɪŋ²¹ hɐu̯³⁵/

(～市) Yingkou (a prefecture-level city of Liaoning, China)

(～村) Yingkou (a village in Dongjin, Xiangzhou district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


薩哈共和國

ㄙㄚˋ ㄏㄚ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄙㄚˋ ㄏㄚ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Саха Гунхэго

/sä⁵¹ xä⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/saːt̚³ haː⁵⁵ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/sä⁵¹ xä⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/saːt̚³ haː⁵⁵ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

Sakha Republic
Sakha Republic#English:_Q6605

Sakha Republic (a republic and federal subject of eastern Russia)


印州

/in⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/in⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/


立山

/li⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/li⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/


南沙

→ English: Nansha

/nän³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/nän³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

(～區) Nansha (a district of Sansha, Hainan, China)

(～區) Nansha (a district and state-level new area in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)

(～街道) Nansha (a subdistrict of Nansha district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Nansha (a town in Yuanyang, Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China)


英吉利

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (英吉利):
* → Vietnamese: Anh Cát Lợi (英吉利)

Japanese: 英(イ)吉(ギ)利(リス) (Igirisu)

/iŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ li⁵¹/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ kɐt̚⁵ lei̯²²/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ li²²/

/iɪŋ³³ kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ li⁴¹/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ li²²/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ li³³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ li³³/

/in⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ li²¹/

/iŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ li⁵¹/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ kɐt̚⁵ lei̯²²/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ li²²/

/iɪŋ³³ kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ li⁴¹/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ li²²/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ li³³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ li³³/

/in⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ li²¹/

Phono-semantic matching from a word in a European language meaning English. Compare English English (adjective), Portuguese inglês (“English”, adjective), Japanese イギリス (Igirisu, “UK; Britain; England”).

cog

𠸄咭唎
𠸄咭㴝
𠸄咕唎
英圭黎
英機黎
𤠉狤猁

The Emperor, by the Grace of Heaven, issues the imperial edict to the King of England: […]

fèngtiānchéngyùn huángdì chìyù Yīngjílì guówáng zhīxī

奉天承運皇帝勅諭𠸄咭唎國王知悉

奉天承运皇帝勅谕𠸄咭唎国王知悉

(dated) Alternative name for 英格蘭／英格兰 (Yīnggélán).: England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


青天

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ tʰiɛn³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ tʰĩ³³/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ tʰiɛn³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ tʰĩ³³/

(～村) Qingtian (a village in Muyu, Shennongjia, Hubei, China)


德里

/tɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Delhi (a megacity and union territory of India, containing the national capital New Delhi)


阿比西尼亞

ㄚ ㄅㄧˇ ㄒㄧ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄚ ㄅㄧˇ ㄒㄧ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˇ

/ˀä⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ pei̯³⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/a³³ pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ si³³ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ si⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ²³⁻³³ a⁴⁴/

/ˀä⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ pei̯³⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/a³³ pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ si³³ nĩ²⁴⁻²² a³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si⁴⁴⁻²² nĩ¹³⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ si⁴⁴⁻³³ nĩ²³⁻³³ a⁴⁴/

(historical) Abyssinia (former name of Ethiopia: a country and former empire in East Africa; used as an exonym until the mid 20th century)


諾曼底

ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄇㄢˋ ㄉㄧˇ

ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄇㄢˋ ㄉㄧˇ

/nu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ män⁵¹ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ män⁵¹ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(Mainland China) Normandy (an administrative region, historical province, and medieval kingdom in northwest France, on the English Channel)


油車

/joʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/iu²³⁻³³ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/iu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/iu¹³⁻²² t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/iu²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/joʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/iu²³⁻³³ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/iu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/iu¹³⁻²² t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/iu²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

(～里) an urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei City, Taiwan


原宿

/ɥɛn³⁵ su⁵¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ su⁵¹/

1985, 許冠傑 [Sam Hui], “日本娃娃”performed by 許冠傑 [Sam Hui]:

I'll live in Harajuku and open up a sushi bar

sat⁶ hang⁴ zyu⁶ jyun⁴ suk¹ hoi¹ gaan¹ Sushi Bar

實行住原宿開間Sushi Bar

实行住原宿开间Sushi Bar

Harajuku (a neighborhood of Shibuya, Tokyo)


高石

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 高石 (Takaishi).

obor

(～市) Takaishi (a city in Ōsaka prefecture, Japan)


石獅

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² siː⁵⁵/

/suoʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lai⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² siː⁵⁵/

/suoʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lai⁵⁵/

(～市) Shishi (a county-level city of Quanzhou, Fujian, China)


妙高

/mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 妙高 (Myōkō).

(～市) Myōkō (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


青梅

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ meɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ meɪ̯³⁵/


摩加迪休

ㄇㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄉㄧˊ ㄒㄧㄡ

ㄇㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄉㄧˊ ㄒㄧㄡ

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ti³⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ti³⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

(Taiwan) Mogadishu (the capital city of Somalia)


羅盤

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pʰän³⁵/

/lɔː²¹ pʰuːn²¹/

/lo²⁴⁻²² puã²⁴/

/lo²⁴⁻²² puã²⁴/

/lo¹³⁻²² puã¹³/

/lo²⁴⁻¹¹ puã²⁴/

/lɤ²³⁻³³ puã²³/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pʰän³⁵/

/lɔː²¹ pʰuːn²¹/

/lo²⁴⁻²² puã²⁴/

/lo²⁴⁻²² puã²⁴/

/lo¹³⁻²² puã¹³/

/lo²⁴⁻¹¹ puã²⁴/

/lɤ²³⁻³³ puã²³/

(～村) Luopan (a village in Nanri, Xiuyu district, Putian, Fujian, China)


樓臺

/loʊ̯³⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/loʊ̯³⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

(～鄉) Loutai (a township in Zhushan, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


錫蘭

/ɕi⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/ɕi³⁵ län³⁵/

/sɛːk̚³ laːn²¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/ɕi³⁵ län³⁵/

/sɛːk̚³ laːn²¹/

(historical) Ceylon (former name of Sri Lanka: an island country in South Asia)


阿非利加

ㄚ ㄈㄟ ㄌㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄚ

ㄚ ㄈㄟ ㄌㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄚ

/ˀä⁵⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵ li⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/aː³³ fei̯⁵⁵ lei̯²² kaː⁵⁵/

/a³³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾i⁵⁵⁽⁻²¹⁾ l̃i²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾a⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴⁻²² li²²⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴/

/a³³ hui³³ li⁴¹⁻²² ka³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴⁻²² li²²⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴⁻³³ li³³⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴⁻³³ li³³⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴/

/ˀä⁵⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵ li⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/aː³³ fei̯⁵⁵ lei̯²² kaː⁵⁵/

/a³³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾i⁵⁵⁽⁻²¹⁾ l̃i²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾a⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴⁻²² li²²⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴/

/a³³ hui³³ li⁴¹⁻²² ka³³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴⁻²² li²²⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴⁻³³ li³³⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴⁻³³ li³³⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴/

(historical) Africa (a former province of the Roman Empire, containing what is now Tunisia and portions of coastal Algeria and Libya)


萬福

/ʋan⁵³⁻⁵⁵ fʊk̚¹/

/ban²²⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² hɔk̚⁵/

/ban²²⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ hɔk̚³²/

/ban³³⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

/ʋan⁵³⁻⁵⁵ fʊk̚¹/

/ban²²⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² hɔk̚⁵/

/ban²²⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ hɔk̚³²/

/ban³³⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

(～里) an urban village in Nangang district, Taipei, Taiwan


馬來

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵/

/maː¹³ lɔːi̯²¹/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lai²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai¹³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴/

/mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lai²³/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵/

/maː¹³ lɔːi̯²¹/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lai²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai¹³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴/

/mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lai²³/

(often attributive) Malaysia (a country in Southeast Asia)


孟加拉人民共和國

ㄇㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄖㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

maang⁶ gaa¹ laai¹ jan⁴ man⁴ gung⁶ wo⁴ gwok³

ㄇㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄖㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Мэнцзяла Жэньминь Гунхэго

/mɤŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵ min³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

maang⁶ gaa¹ laai¹ jan⁴ man⁴ gung⁶ wo⁴ gwok⁸

mang⁶ ga¹ lai¹ yen⁴ men⁴ gung⁶ wo⁴ guog³

/maːŋ²² kaː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ jɐn²¹ mɐn²¹ kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

People's Republic of Bangladesh#English:_Q902

People's Republic of Bangladesh (official name of Bangladesh: a country in South Asia)


內蒙古自治區

ㄋㄟˋ ㄇㄥˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄑㄩ

ㄋㄟˋ ㄇㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄑㄩ

Нэймэнгу Цзычжицюй

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² mʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵ t͡siː²² t͡siː²² kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/lai²² bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² ti²² kʰu³³/

/lai³³⁻²¹ bɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su³³⁻²¹ ti³³⁻²¹ kʰu⁴⁴/

/lai³³⁻¹¹ bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su³³⁻¹¹ ti³³⁻¹¹ kʰu⁴⁴/

/lai²²⁻²¹ bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su²²⁻²¹ ti²²⁻²¹ kʰu⁴⁴/

/lai²²⁻²¹ bɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su²²⁻²¹ ti²²⁻²¹ kʰi⁴⁴/

/lue²² bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² ti²² kʰu³³/

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
w:Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (an autonomous region of China; capital: Hohhot)


廣西壯族自治區

ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄒㄧ ㄓㄨㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄑㄩ

ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄒㄧ ㄓㄨㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄑㄩ

Гуанси Чжуанцзу Цзычжицюй

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

gwong² sai¹ dzong³ dzuk⁹ dzi⁶ dzi⁶ koey¹

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ³³ t͡sʊk̚² t͡siː²² t͡siː²² kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
w:Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (an autonomous region of China; capital: Nanning)


西藏自治區

desc

→ English: Tibet Autonomous Region, Xizang Zizhiqu

ㄒㄧ ㄗㄤˋ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄑㄩ

ㄒㄧ ㄗㄤˋ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄑㄩ

Сицзан Цзычжицюй

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ²² t͡siː²² t͡siː²² kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

Tibet Autonomous Region
Tibet Autonomous Region#English

Tibet Autonomous Region (an autonomous region of China; capital: Lhasa)


寧夏回族自治區

ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄑㄩ

ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄑㄩ

Нинся Хуэйцзу Цзычжицюй

/niŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/nɪŋ²¹ haː²² wuːi̯²¹ t͡sʊk̚² t͡siː²² t͡siː²² kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
w:Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (an autonomous region of China; capital: Yinchuan)


新疆維吾爾自治區

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄨㄟˊ ㄨˊ ㄦˇ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄑㄩ

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄨㄟˊ ㄨˊ ㄦˇ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄑㄩ

Синьцзян Вэйуэр Цзычжицюй

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ u³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

san¹ goeng¹ wai⁴ ng⁴ ji⁵ dzi⁶ dzi⁶ koey¹

/sɐn⁵⁵ kœːŋ⁵⁵ wɐi̯²¹ ŋ̍²¹ jiː¹³ t͡siː²² t͡siː²² kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
w:Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (an autonomous region of China; capital: Ürümqi)


香港特別行政區

ㄒㄧㄤ ㄍㄤˇ ㄊㄜˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄑㄩ

hoeng¹ gong² dak⁶ bit⁶ hang⁴ zing³ keoi¹

ㄒㄧㄤ ㄍㄤˇ ㄊㄜˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄑㄩ

Сянган Тэбе Синчжэнцюй

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

hoeng¹ gong² dak⁹ bit⁹ hang⁴ dzing³ koey¹

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵ tɐk̚² piːt̚² hɐŋ²¹ t͡sɪŋ³³ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/hi̯oŋ²⁴ koŋ³¹ tʰit̚⁵ pʰet̚⁵ haŋ¹¹ t͡sɨn⁵⁵ kʰi²⁴/

/hyoŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋøyŋ³³ tɛiʔ⁵ piɛʔ²⁴ hɛiŋ⁵³ ^((t͡s-))ʒiŋ²¹³ ^((kʰ-))ŋy⁵⁵/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² piɛt̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/hiɔŋ³³ kaŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiak̚²⁴⁻² piɛt̚²⁴⁻² hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰu³³/

/hiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ piɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi⁴⁴/

/ Hiong-káng Tia̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu /

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (the official name of Hong Kong)


澳門特別行政區

ㄠˋ ㄇㄣˊ ㄊㄜˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄑㄩ

ㄠˋ ㄇㄣˊ ㄊㄜˋ ㄅㄧㄝˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄑㄩ

Аомэнь Тэбе Синчжэнцюй

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ mən³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ pi̯ɛ³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/ou̯³³ muːn²¹⁻³⁵ tɐk̚² piːt̚² hɐŋ²¹ t͡sɪŋ³³ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/ou̯³³ muːn²¹ tɐk̚² piːt̚² hɐŋ²¹ t͡sɪŋ³³ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/au̯⁵⁵ mun¹¹ tʰit̚⁵ pʰet̚⁵ haŋ¹¹ t͡sɨn⁵⁵ kʰi²⁴/

/o²¹³ muoŋ⁵³ tɛiʔ⁵ piɛʔ²⁴ hɛiŋ⁵³ ^((t͡s-))ʒiŋ²¹³ ^((kʰ-))ŋy⁵⁵/

/o²¹⁻⁵³ mŋ̍²⁴⁻²² tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² piɛt̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/o¹¹⁻⁵³ mŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² piɛt̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/ɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ mŋ̍²³⁻³³ tiɪk̚⁴⁻³² piɛt̚⁴⁻³² hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰu⁴⁴/

/o²¹⁻⁵³ muĩ¹³⁻²² tiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ piɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi⁴⁴/

/o⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ mŋ̍²⁴⁻²² tiak̚²⁴⁻² piɛt̚²⁴⁻² hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰu³³/

/o⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bun²⁴⁻²² tiak̚²⁴⁻² piɛt̚²⁴⁻² hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰu³³/

Macao Special Administrative Region (the official name of Macau)


敦煌

→ English: Dunhuang, Tun-huang, Tunhuang, Tunhwang

/tu̯ən⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/tɵn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/tun⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/tun³³ hɔŋ²⁴/

/tun⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/

/tun⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²⁴/

/tun⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/

/tuŋ³³⁻²³ huaŋ⁵⁵/

/tən⁵⁵ uɑ̃²¹/

/tu̯ən⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/tɵn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/tun⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/tun³³ hɔŋ²⁴/

/tun⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/

/tun⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²⁴/

/tun⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/

/tuŋ³³⁻²³ huaŋ⁵⁵/

/tən⁵⁵ uɑ̃²¹/

Likely from a historical Iranian language, with first known records in Chinese in the 2nd century BCE; likely cognate to the later Sogdian 𐼌𐼘𐼇𐼀𐼀𐼏 (δrwʾʾn /*θurwān, θruwān/) – name of Dunhuang known to the Sogdians – attested in the "Sogdian Ancient Letters" [early 4th century] (Gharib, 1995); possibly related to the Θροάνα (Throána) in Greek (Ptolemy, Geographia, Book VI, chap. 16) and Bactrian sources (Pulleyblank, 1962, 1966; Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

cog

(～市) Dunhuang (a county-level city of Jiuquan, Gansu, China)

(historical) (～郡) Dunhuang (an ancient commandery in modern Gansu, China)

(～縣) (historical) Dunhuang (a county of Jiuquan, Gansu, China)


沙州

/ʂä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

A provincial name derived from its position within the Gobi Desert.

(～鎮) Shazhou (a town in Dunhuang, Jiuquan, Gansu, China)


滿月

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/muːn¹³ jyːt̚²⁻³⁵/

/man²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯et̚⁵/

/man²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯at̚⁵/

/mæ̃⁵³ yəʔ²/

/muã⁵³⁻²⁴ ɡəʔ⁵⁴/

/muã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡəʔ²⁴/

/mua⁴²⁻²⁴ ɡəʔ⁴³/

/muã⁵⁵⁻³⁵ ɡəʔ³⁵/

/muã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡeʔ⁴/

/mua⁴²⁻²⁴ ɡeʔ⁴³/

/muã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡueʔ¹²¹/

/muã⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ɡueʔ⁴/

/muã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡueʔ⁴/

/mua⁴²⁻²⁴ ɡueʔ⁴³/

/muã⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ɡue³³/

/mõ⁴¹ y̯e̞²⁴/

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/muːn¹³ jyːt̚²⁻³⁵/

/man²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯et̚⁵/

/man²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯at̚⁵/

/mæ̃⁵³ yəʔ²/

/muã⁵³⁻²⁴ ɡəʔ⁵⁴/

/muã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡəʔ²⁴/

/mua⁴²⁻²⁴ ɡəʔ⁴³/

/muã⁵⁵⁻³⁵ ɡəʔ³⁵/

/muã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡeʔ⁴/

/mua⁴²⁻²⁴ ɡeʔ⁴³/

/muã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡueʔ¹²¹/

/muã⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ɡueʔ⁴/

/muã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡueʔ⁴/

/mua⁴²⁻²⁴ ɡueʔ⁴³/

/muã⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ɡue³³/

/mõ⁴¹ y̯e̞²⁴/

(～鄉) Manyue (a township in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)


海東

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (海東):
* → Korean: 해동(海東) (haedong)

→ English: Haidong

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

Haidong, Qinghai is east of 青海湖 (Qīnghǎi Hú, “Qinghai Lake”, literally “Blue Sea”), and Korea is east of Bohai Bay and the Yellow Sea.

zh-l

(～市, formerly ～地區) Haidong (a prefecture-level city of Qinghai, China, formerly a prefecture)


新金山

Синьцзиньшань

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kɐm⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/ɬin³³ kim³³ san³³⁻³³⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kɐm⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/ɬin³³ kim³³ san³³⁻³³⁵/

The name refers to the gold rush around Melbourne and contrasts it with 舊金山／旧金山 (Jiùjīnshān, “Old Gold Mountain”): San Francisco, California, in the United States. (金山 being used loosely for any place of great chances for wealth, in a similar fashion to the English "gold mine".)

舊金山

San Francisco, California, United States

(dated) Melbourne (a city, the state capital of Victoria, Australia)


肯亞

/kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/kʰən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐŋ³⁵ aː³³/

/kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/kʰən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐŋ³⁵ aː³³/

(chiefly Taiwan) Kenya (a country in East Africa)


蘇格蘭

/su⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ län³⁵/

/su⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɛiʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃aŋ⁵³/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lan²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lan²³/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ ke(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ lan²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ ke(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ lan²³/

/su³³⁻²³ kak̚²⁻⁴ laŋ⁵⁵/

/su⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ län³⁵/

/su⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɛiʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃aŋ⁵³/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lan²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lan²³/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ ke(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ lan²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ ke(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ lan²³/

/su³³⁻²³ kak̚²⁻⁴ laŋ⁵⁵/

1848, 徐繼畬 [Xu Jiyu], editor, 瀛寰志略, volume 7, page 41:

Sūgélán zài Yīnglún zhī běi, nánběi yuē bā bǎi yú lǐ, dōngxī guǎngxiá bù qí.

蘇格蘭在英倫之北，南北約八百餘里，東西廣狹不齊。

苏格兰在英伦之北，南北约八百余里，东西广狭不齐。

Scotland (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


普魯士

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/pʰou̯³⁵ lou̯¹³ siː²²/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/pʰou̯³⁵ lou̯¹³ siː²²/

(historical) Prussia (a former duchy, kingdom and (after German unification in 1871) a province of Germany, existing from 1525 to 1947 in parts of modern Germany, Poland and Russia)


庫車

/kʰu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/fuː³³ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

/kʰu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/fuː³³ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Manchu ᡴᡠᠴᡝ (kuce), from Written Oirat ᡍᡉᡔᡄ (küce), from Chagatai کوجا.
Probably a doublet of 龜茲／龟兹 (Qiūcí).

龜茲／龟兹 (Qiūcí)

(～市, formerly ～縣) Kuqa, Kuche, Kuchar (a county-level city of Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang, China, formerly a county)


突尼西亞

ㄊㄨ ㄋㄧˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄊㄨˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄊㄨ ㄋㄧˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˇ

ㄊㄨˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˇ

/tʰu⁵⁵ ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/tʰu³⁵ ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/tʰu⁵⁵ ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰu³⁵ ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɐt̚² nei̯²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

/tʰu⁵⁵ ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/tʰu³⁵ ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/tʰu⁵⁵ ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰu³⁵ ni³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɐt̚² nei̯²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

(Taiwan) Tunisia (a country in North Africa)


果敢

Phono-semantic matching of Burmese ကိုးကန့် (kui:kan.).

psm

/ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔː³⁵ kɐm³⁵/

/ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔː³⁵ kɐm³⁵/

(～自治區) Kokang (a self-administered zone of Shan, Myanmar; capital: Laukkai)


永年

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ niːn²¹/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ niːn²¹/

(～區) Yongnian (a district of Handan, Hebei, China)


烏龍

; "unexpected mistake; muddled"
: Common folk etymologies attribute the word to English wrong, or own (as in own goal).

/wuː⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/

/ɔ³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² liɔŋ¹³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

/ou³³⁻²³ leŋ⁵⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/

/ɔ³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² liɔŋ¹³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

/ou³³⁻²³ leŋ⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Wulong (a township in Wuxi, Chongqing, China)


梅林

/muːi̯²¹ lɐm²¹/

/muːi̯²¹ lɐm²¹/

(～街道) Meilin (a subdistrict of Futian district, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China)

(～街道) Meilin (a subdistrict of Ninghai, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)

(～鎮) Meilin (a town in Ningguo, Xuancheng, Anhui, China)

(～鎮) Meilin (a town in Nanjing, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Meilin (a town in Ganxian district, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)

(～鎮) Meilin (a town in Fengcheng, Yichun, Jiangxi, China)

(～鎮) Meilin (a town in Wuhua, Meizhou, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Meilin (a town in Puning, Jieyang, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Meilin (a town in Mabian, Leshan, Sichuan, China)


龍州

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

(～縣) a county of Chongzuo, Guangxi autonomous region, China

(～鎮) a town in Longzhou County, Guangxi autonomous region, China


科隆

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/fɔː⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/fɔː⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Cologne (the largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in northwestern Germany)


綏寧

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Suining (a county of Shaoyang, Hunan, China)

(～省) (historical) Suining (a province in modern-day Heilongjiang)


羅城

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/lɔː²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/lɔː²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

仡佬族自治縣 仡佬族自治縣#Chinese

(～仡佬族自治縣, ～縣) Longsheng (an autonomous county of Hechi, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


明光

/miŋ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/miŋ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Mingguang (a county-level city of Chuzhou, Anhui, China)


溫得和克

ㄨㄣ ㄉㄜˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄨㄣ ㄉㄜˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄎㄜˋ

/wən⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ xɤ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/wən⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ xɤ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Afrikaans/Dutch Windhoek, from wind (“wind”) + hoek (“corner, angle”).


塔那那利佛

ㄊㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄈㄛˊ

ㄊㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄈㄛˊ

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ fu̯ɔ³⁵/

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ fu̯ɔ³⁵/

Antananarivo (a city, the capital city of Madagascar)

安塔那那利佛

Āntǎnànàlìfó


安塔那那利佛

Āntǎnànàlìfó

ㄢ ㄊㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄈㄛˊ

Āntǎnànàlìfó

ㄢ ㄊㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄈㄛˊ

Аньтананалифо

/ˀän⁵⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ fu̯ɔ³⁵/


布松布拉

ㄅㄨˋ ㄙㄨㄥ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄚ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄙㄨㄥ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄚ

/pu⁵¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵/

/pou̯³³ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ pou̯³³ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/pu⁵¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵/

/pou̯³³ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ pou̯³³ laːi̯⁵⁵/

(Taiwan) Bujumbura (a city, the capital city of Burundi)


科納克里

ㄎㄜ ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ

ㄎㄜ ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Conakry (a city, the capital city of Guinea)


夏爾迦

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Sharjah (an emirate of the United Arab Emirates)

Sharjah (the capital city of Sharjah emirate, United Arab Emirates)


多多馬

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Dodoma (a city, the capital city of Tanzania)


弗里敦

/fu³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

/fu³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

Freetown (a city, the capital city of Sierra Leone)


馬塞盧

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤ⁵¹ lu³⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹ lu³⁵/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔ²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ¹³/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sɤ⁵¹ lu³⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹ lu³⁵/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔ²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹⁻⁵³ lɔ¹³/

Maseru (a city, the capital city of Lesotho)


惠靈頓

ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ liŋ³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/wɐi̯²² lɪŋ²¹ tɵn²²/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ liŋ³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/wɐi̯²² lɪŋ²¹ tɵn²²/

(～市, formerly ～埠) (Mainland China, Hong Kong, possibly obsolete in Taiwan) Wellington (a city, the capital city of New Zealand)


姆巴巴納

ㄇㄨˇ ㄅㄚ ㄅㄚ ㄋㄚˋ

ㄇㄨˇ ㄅㄚ ㄅㄚ ㄋㄚˋ

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/mou̯¹³ paː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ naːp̚²/

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/mou̯¹³ paː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ naːp̚²/

Mbabane (a city, the capital city of Eswatini)


瓦加杜古

ㄨㄚˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄉㄨˋ ㄍㄨˇ

ㄨㄚˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄉㄨˋ ㄍㄨˇ

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tu⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tu⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Ouagadougou (a city, the capital city of Burkina Faso)


莫羅尼

ㄇㄛˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄋㄧˊ

ㄇㄛˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄋㄧˊ

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ni³⁵/

/mɔːk̚² lɔː²¹ nei̯²¹/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ni³⁵/

/mɔːk̚² lɔː²¹ nei̯²¹/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Moroni (a city, the capital city of the Comoros)


沙特

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/saː⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/saː⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/

沙特阿拉伯 沙特阿拉伯#Chinese

short for 沙特阿拉伯 (Shātè Ālābó): Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


利伯維爾

ㄌㄧˋ ㄅㄛˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄦˇ

ㄌㄧˋ ㄅㄛˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄦˇ

/li⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lei̯²² paːk̚³ wɐi̯²¹ jiː¹³/

/li⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lei̯²² paːk̚³ wɐi̯²¹ jiː¹³/

Libreville (a city, the capital city of Gabon)


聖多美

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ³³ tɔː⁵⁵ mei̯¹³/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tɔ³³ bi⁵⁵⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ to⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ³³ tɔː⁵⁵ mei̯¹³/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tɔ³³ bi⁵⁵⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ to⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁵³/

São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe#English

São Tomé (a city, the capital city of São Tomé and Príncipe)


馬拉博

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English

Malabo (a city, the capital city of Equatorial Guinea)


洛美

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


利隆圭

ㄌㄧˋ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄟ

ㄌㄧˋ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄟ

/li⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/li⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

Lilongwe (a city, the capital city of Malawi)


拉哥斯

/lä⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/lä⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

(Taiwan) Lagos (port former capital of Nigeria)


坎帕拉

/kʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰä⁵¹ lä⁵⁵/

/kʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰä⁵¹ lä⁵⁵/

Kampala (a city, the capital city of Uganda)


科托努

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ nu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ nu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


普拉亞

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/pʰou̯³⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/pʰou̯³⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

Praia (a city, the capital city of Cape Verde)


開雲

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ yn³⁵/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ yn³⁵/

(Taiwan) Cayenne (a city, the capital city of French Guiana department)


朱巴

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵/

Juba (a city, the capital city of South Sudan)


普里什蒂納

ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄕˊ ㄉㄧˋ ㄋㄚˋ

ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄕˊ ㄉㄧˋ ㄋㄚˋ

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹/

/pʰou̯³⁵ lei̯¹³ sɐp̚² tɐi̯³³ naːp̚²/

/pʰu³³ li⁵⁵ zəʔ³³ ti³³ naʔ²¹/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹/

/pʰou̯³⁵ lei̯¹³ sɐp̚² tɐi̯³³ naːp̚²/

/pʰu³³ li⁵⁵ zəʔ³³ ti³³ naʔ²¹/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Priština (a city, the capital city of Kosovo)


巴斯特爾

/pä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tɐk̚² jiː¹³/

/pä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tɐk̚² jiː¹³/

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis#English

Basseterre (a city, the capital city of Saint Kitts and Nevis)


興隆

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/

/heŋ³³⁻²³ loŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ loŋ²¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/

/heŋ³³⁻²³ loŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ loŋ²¹/

(～縣) Xinglong (a county of Chengde, Hebei, China)

(～街道) Xinglong (a subdistrict of Duodao district, Jingmen, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Xinglong (a town in Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Xinglong (a town in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)

(～村) Xinglong (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


浮屠

/fɐu̯²¹ tʰou̯²¹/

/fɐu̯²¹ tʰou̯²¹/

An early loanword into Middle Chinese. Possible sources include Bactrian Βοδδο (“the Buddha”) or Middle-Indic, cf. Gandhari 𐨦𐨂𐨢𐨂 (budhu) (Ji, 1998v7). For the conflation of words for Buddhist stupas and for the Buddha, see also English pagoda.

(～鎮) Futu (a town in Yangxin, Huangshi, Hubei, China)


京畿

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ kei̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ kei̯⁵⁵/

(～道) Gyeonggi (a province of South Korea)


櫻井

/iŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/iŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 桜井 (Sakurai).

obor

(～市) Sakurai (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


加利福尼亞

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧˋ ㄈㄨˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧˋ ㄈㄨˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˇ

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ fu³⁵ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ fu³⁵ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ lei̯²² fʊk̚⁵ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ fu³⁵ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ fu³⁵ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ lei̯²² fʊk̚⁵ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

～州 加利福尼亞州#Chinese

(～州) California (a state of the United States)


雲浮

→ English: Wanfow, Yunfu

/wɐn²¹ fɐu̯²¹/

/hun²⁴⁻²² pʰu²⁴/

/hun²⁴⁻²² pʰu²⁴/

/hun¹³⁻²² pʰu¹³/

/hun²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰu²⁴/

/hun²³⁻³³ pʰu²³/

/wɐn²¹ fɐu̯²¹/

/hun²⁴⁻²² pʰu²⁴/

/hun²⁴⁻²² pʰu²⁴/

/hun¹³⁻²² pʰu¹³/

/hun²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰu²⁴/

/hun²³⁻³³ pʰu²³/

The first syllable 雲／云 (yún) (pronounced wan4 in Cantonese) is possibly cognate with Zhuang vunz (“person”) (Shao, 2015). There are many toponyms in Guangdong with 雲／云 (yún) as their first character.
On the other hand, the second syllable 浮 (fú) is possibly cognate with Zhuang faexbaeuz (“Pleioblastus amarus”, a plant commonly found in the area, known as 苦竹 in Chinese) (Shao, 2015), so 雲浮／云浮 (Yúnfú) may mean "the people who plant Pleioblastus amarus", making the toponym possibly phono-semantic matching of Kra-Dai substrate words.

zh-l

雲浮／云浮 (Yúnfú)

(～市) Yunfu (a prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China)


土庫曼

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ män⁵¹/

/tʰou̯³⁵ fuː³³ maːn²²/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ²¹⁻⁵³ ban²²/

/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ban⁴¹/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ²¹⁻⁵³ ban²²/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ ban³³/

/tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ ban³³/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ män⁵¹/

/tʰou̯³⁵ fuː³³ maːn²²/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ²¹⁻⁵³ ban²²/

/tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ban⁴¹/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ²¹⁻⁵³ ban²²/

/tʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ ban³³/

/tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ ban³³/


哈薩克

/xä⁵⁵ sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/xä⁵⁵ sä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/haː⁵⁵ saːt̚³ hɐk̚⁵/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sat̚³²⁻⁵ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ sat̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sat̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/xä⁵⁵ sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/xä⁵⁵ sä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/haː⁵⁵ saːt̚³ hɐk̚⁵/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sat̚³²⁻⁵ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ sat̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/ha(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sat̚³²⁻⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

Transliteration of Manchu ᡥᠠᠰᠠᡴ (hasak), from Written Oirat ᡍᠠᠰᠠᡎ (xasag), from Kazakh قزاق (qazāq /qazaq/), from Kipchak [Term?], from Proto-Common Turkic [Term?], from Proto-Turkic [Term?].

(Qing-era, collectively) Kazakhs (people)


天后

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ hɐu̯²²/

/tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ hou³⁵/

/tʰi⁵⁵ hɤ²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ hɐu̯²²/

/tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ hou³⁵/

/tʰi⁵⁵ hɤ²¹/


打橫

Borrowed from Sundanese Tawang, from Tawang-Galunggung, the city and regency's (then-district's) former name.

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤŋ³⁵/

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ̃ɻ³⁵/

/taː³⁵ waːŋ²¹/

/ta³¹ ʋaŋ¹¹/

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤŋ³⁵/

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ̃ɻ³⁵/

/taː³⁵ waːŋ²¹/

/ta³¹ ʋaŋ¹¹/

(～市) Tasikmalaya (a city in West Java, Indonesia)

(～縣) Tasikmalaya (a regency of West Java, Indonesia)


布里奇敦

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄑㄧˊ ㄉㄨㄣ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄑㄧˊ ㄉㄨㄣ

/pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

/pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

Bridgetown (a city, the capital city of Barbados)


京斯敦

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

(chiefly Taiwan) Kingston (a city, the capital city of Jamaica)


太子港

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːi̯³³ t͡siː³⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːi̯³³ t͡siː³⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵/

Calque of French Port-au-Prince (literally “port of the prince”).

calque

Port-au-Prince (the capital city of Haiti)


西班牙港

ㄒㄧ ㄅㄢ ㄧㄚˊ ㄍㄤˇ

ㄒㄧ ㄅㄢ ㄧㄚˊ ㄍㄤˇ

/ɕi⁵⁵ pän⁵⁵ jä³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ paːn⁵⁵ ŋaː²¹ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ pän⁵⁵ jä³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ paːn⁵⁵ ŋaː²¹ kɔːŋ³⁵/

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English

Port of Spain (a city, the capital city of Trinidad and Tobago)


羅索

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Roseau (a city, the capital city of Dominica)


金斯敦

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tɵn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tɵn⁵⁵/

Borrowed from English Kingston or Kingstown.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines#English

Kingstown (a city, the capital city of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

金石城

capital of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines


聖多明哥

ㄕㄥˋ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄜ

ㄕㄥˋ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄜ

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

(Taiwan) Santo Domingo (a city, the capital city of the Dominican Republic)


石岡

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 石岡 (Ishioka).
; "Shigang district, Taichung, Taiwan"

obor

(～市) Ishioka (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)

(～區) Shigang (a district of Taichung, Taiwan)


玉田

/y⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/jʊk̚² tʰiːn²¹/

/y⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/jʊk̚² tʰiːn²¹/

(～縣) Yutian (a county of Tangshan, Hebei, China)

(～村) Yutian (a rural village in Jiaoxi, Yilan County, Taiwan)


小村

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Xiaocun (a township in Xianfeng, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


鴨綠江

/jä⁵⁵ lu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/aːp̚³ lʊk̚² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/jä⁵⁵ lu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/aːp̚³ lʊk̚² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

zh-l

鴨綠水／鸭绿水 (Yālùshuǐ)

Yalu River, Amnok River (a river on the China-North Korea border)


贊皇

/t͡sän⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sän⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

(～縣) Zanhuang (a county of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China)


安順

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ sɵn²²/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ sɵn²²/

(～市) Anshun (a prefecture-level city of Guizhou, China)


安順

From English Anson, from English Anson Bay (former name of Teluk Intan).

der

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ sɵn²²/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ sɵn²²/


四瀆

Refers to 長江／长江 (Cháng Jiāng), 黃河／黄河 (Huáng Hé), 淮河 (Huái Hé) and 濟水／济水 (Jǐ Shuǐ).

zh-l

黃河／黄河 (Huáng Hé)

濟水／济水 (Jǐ Shuǐ)

four large rivers that empty into an ocean

(archaic) the Yangtze, Huai River, Yellow River and Ji River


濟水

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


匹茲堡

/pʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰɐt̚⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵/

/pʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰɐt̚⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵/

Pittsburgh (a city in Pennsylvania, United States)


和蘭

/xɤ³⁵ län³⁵/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ lan²³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lan²⁴/

/xɤ³⁵ län³⁵/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ lan²³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lan²⁴/

Transcription of Dutch Holland. In Hokkien, possibly reinforced as an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 和蘭.

Holland, also known as the "red-haired barbarians", is close to the land of the Franks (France).

1739, 明史 (History of Ming), 卷三百二十五　列傳第二百一十三　外國六 (Volume 325, Biographies 213: Foreign States 6)

Hélán, yòu míng hóngmáo fān, dì jìn fólángjī.

和蘭，又名紅毛番，地近佛郎機。

和兰，又名红毛番，地近佛郎机。

Holland, written as "荷蘭" in the History of Ming, is a country in coastal Europe.

1928, 清史稿 (Draft History of Qing), 卷159　志一百三十四　邦交七 (Volume 159, Record 134: Diplomatic Relations 7)

Hélán, míngshǐ zuò “hélán”, ōuluóbā bīnhǎi zhī guó.

和蘭，明史作「荷蘭」，歐羅巴濱海之國。

和兰，明史作「荷兰」，欧罗巴滨海之国。

(historical, obsolete) the Netherlands, Holland


白耳義

/paɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/paːk̚² jiː¹³ jiː²²/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ nĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/paːk̚² jiː¹³ jiː²²/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ nĩ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 白耳義(ベルギー) (Berugī), from Dutch België.

(obsolete) Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


瑞西

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/sui²²⁻²¹ se⁴⁴/

/sui⁴¹⁻²² se³³/

/sui²²⁻²¹ se⁴⁴/

/sui³³⁻¹¹ se⁴⁴/

/sui³³⁻²¹ se⁴⁴/

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/sui²²⁻²¹ se⁴⁴/

/sui⁴¹⁻²² se³³/

/sui²²⁻²¹ se⁴⁴/

/sui³³⁻¹¹ se⁴⁴/

/sui³³⁻²¹ se⁴⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 瑞西(スイス) (Suisu), from French Suisse.

(obsolete) Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe)


丁抹

/tiŋ⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tiŋ⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 丁抹(デンマーク) (Denmāku).

(obsolete) Denmark (a country in Northern Europe)


奧斯汀

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/ou̯³³ siː⁵⁵ tʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/ou̯³³ siː⁵⁵ tʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

(Mainland China) Austin (a city, the state capital of Texas, United States)


新嘉坡

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰo⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɤ⁴⁴/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰo⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɤ⁴⁴/

1838, “推農務之會”, in Karl Gützlaff, editor, 東西洋考每月統紀傳 [Eastern Western Monthly Magazine], page 12:

Xiànglái yú Xīnjiāpō zhī tǔ zhǐ zhòng bōluómì, hújiāo éryǐ. Hòu zāi gāopī, gānzhè, lóuténg.

向來於新嘉坡之土止種波羅蜜、胡椒而已。後栽羔丕、甘蔗、蔞藤。

向来于新嘉坡之土止种波罗蜜、胡椒而已。后栽羔丕、甘蔗、蒌藤。

1891, 薛福成 [Xue Fucheng], 出使英法義比四國日記, volume 1, page 15:

Yīngguó guānzhì, zhù Xiānggǎng, Xīnjiāpō děng chù zhě, wèi zhī “géwùnà”, yóu zhōngguó xúnfǔ yě. Zhù Yìndù zhě, yuē “géwùnàcuìnǎilán”, yóu zhōngguó zǒngdū yě. Xúnfǔ guǎnlǐ Xīnjiāpō, Bīnlángyǔ, Máliùjiǎ quánjìng, qí xià yǒu ànchásī, fǔzhèngsī guǎnlǐ mínshì.

英國官制，駐香港、新嘉坡等處者，謂之「搿物納」，猶中國巡撫也。駐印度者，曰「搿物納萃乃蘭」，猶中國總督也。巡撫管理新嘉坡、檳榔嶼、麻六甲全境，其下有按察司、輔政司管理民事。

英国官制，驻香港、新嘉坡等处者，谓之「搿物纳」，犹中国巡抚也。驻印度者，曰「搿物纳萃乃兰」，犹中国总督也。巡抚管理新嘉坡、槟榔屿、麻六甲全境，其下有按察司、辅政司管理民事。

(dated) Alternative name for 新加坡 (Xīnjiāpō, “Singapore”).: Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony and state of Malaysia (1963-1965))


普洱

→ English: Pu'er, Puer

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰou̯³⁵ nei̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ nei̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ jiː¹³/

/pʰu³³ ɦəl⁴⁴/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰou̯³⁵ nei̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ nei̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ jiː¹³/

/pʰu³³ ɦəl⁴⁴/

(～市) Pu'er, Puer (a prefecture-level city of Yunnan, China)


小鎮

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sɐn³³/

/sio⁵²⁻³⁵ tiŋ²¹³/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sɐn³³/

/sio⁵²⁻³⁵ tiŋ²¹³/


比什凱克

ㄅㄧˇ ㄕˊ ㄎㄞˇ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄅㄧˇ ㄕˊ ㄎㄞˇ ㄎㄜˋ

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/pei̯³⁵ sɐp̚² hɔːi̯³⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sip̚⁴⁻³² kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sip̚²⁴⁻² kʰai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰiak̚⁵/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/pei̯³⁵ sɐp̚² hɔːi̯³⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sip̚⁴⁻³² kʰai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰiɪk̚³²/

/pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sip̚²⁴⁻² kʰai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰiak̚⁵/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Bishkek (a city, the capital city of Kyrgyzstan)


虎牙

/xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä³⁵/

/fuː³⁵ ŋaː²¹/

/xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä³⁵/

/fuː³⁵ ŋaː²¹/

(～街道) Huya (a subdistrict of Xiaoting district, Yichang, Hubei, China)


水城

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～縣) Shuicheng County (a county of Guizhou, China)


朝霞

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 朝(あさ)霞(か) (Asaka).

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ haː²¹/

/tiau⁴⁴⁻²² hɛ¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ haː²¹/

/tiau⁴⁴⁻²² hɛ¹³/

(～市) Asaka (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


銅鑼

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ lɔː²¹/

/tʰuŋ¹¹ lo¹¹/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴/

/taŋ¹³⁻²² lo¹³/

/taŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴/

/taŋ²³⁻³³ lɤ²³/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ lɔː²¹/

/tʰuŋ¹¹ lo¹¹/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴/

/taŋ¹³⁻²² lo¹³/

/taŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴/

/taŋ²³⁻³³ lɤ²³/

(～鄉) Tongluo (a rural township in Miaoli County, Taiwan)


木魚

/mu⁵¹ yə̯ɻ³⁵/

/mʊk̚² jyː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ᵐbɵk̚³² ᵑɡui²²/

/muk̚² ŋ̍¹¹/

/bɔk̚⁵⁻² hi²⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² hi²³/

/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hi¹³/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² hi²⁴/

/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² hɯ²⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² hu²⁴/

/moʔ¹¹ ɦy²³/

/mu⁵¹ yə̯ɻ³⁵/

/mʊk̚² jyː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ᵐbɵk̚³² ᵑɡui²²/

/muk̚² ŋ̍¹¹/

/bɔk̚⁵⁻² hi²⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² hi²³/

/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hi¹³/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² hi²⁴/

/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² hɯ²⁴/

/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² hu²⁴/

/moʔ¹¹ ɦy²³/

(～鎮) Muyu (a town in Shennongjia, Hubei, China)

(～村) Muyu (a village in Muyu, Shennongjia, Hubei, China)


澳大利亞聯邦

ㄠˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄅㄤ

ㄠˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄅㄤ

Аодалия Ляньбан

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɛn³⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ou̯³³ taːi̯²² lei̯²² aː³³ lyːn²¹ pɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Commonwealth of Australia
Commonwealth of Australia#English:_Q408

Commonwealth of Australia (official name of Australia: a country in Oceania)


郎君

/lɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/lɔːŋ²¹ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kun³³/

/lɔŋ¹³⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kun⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²³⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

/lɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/lɔːŋ²¹ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kun³³/

/lɔŋ¹³⁻²² kun⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kun⁴⁴/

/lɔŋ²³⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Langjun (a town in Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


青龍

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (青龍):
* → Japanese: 青(せい)竜(りゅう) (seiryū)
* → Korean: 청룡(青龍) (cheongnyong)
* → Vietnamese: Thanh Long (青龍)

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ lœŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ lyøŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ lœŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ lyøŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

～滿族自治縣 青龍滿族自治縣#Chinese

(～滿族自治縣) Qinglong (a Manchu autonomous county of Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China)

(～鎮) Qinglong (a town in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Qinglong (a former town in Jiangsu, China)

(～江) Qinglong (a river in Zhejiang, China), an alternative name of the lower Ao (鰲江/鳌江)


尼瑪

/ni³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ni³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཉི་མ (nyi ma, “sun”).

(～縣) Nyima (a county of Nagqu, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


和順

/xɤ³⁵ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/wɔː²¹ sɵn²²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² sun²²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² sun⁴¹/

/ho¹³⁻²² sun²²/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ sun³³/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ sun³³/

/xɤ³⁵ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/wɔː²¹ sɵn²²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² sun²²/

/ho²⁴⁻²² sun⁴¹/

/ho¹³⁻²² sun²²/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ sun³³/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ sun³³/

(～縣) Heshun (a county of Jinzhong, Shanxi, China)


西雙版納

desc

→ English: Hsishuangpanna, Hsi-shuang-pan-na, Xishuangbanna

ㄒㄧ ㄕㄨㄤ ㄅㄢˇ ㄋㄚˋ

ㄒㄧ ㄕㄨㄤ ㄅㄢˇ ㄋㄚˋ

Сишуанбаньна

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ sœːŋ⁵⁵ paːn³⁵ naːp̚²/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ sœːŋ⁵⁵ paːn³⁵ naːp̚²/

Borrowed from Lü ᧑᧒ᦗᧃᦓᦱ (12pannaa) or ᦉᦲᧇᦉᦸᧂᦗᧃᦓᦱ (ṡiibṡoangpannaa).

～傣族自治州 西雙版納傣族自治州#Chinese

autonomous prefecture
autonomous prefecture

(～傣族自治州, ～州) Xishuangbanna (an autonomous prefecture of Yunnan, China)


伯利恆

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹ xɤŋ³⁵/

/paːk̚³ lei̯²² hɐŋ²¹/

/pɛiʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃i²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hɛiŋ⁵³/

beh⁶ li⁵ heng² [Phonetic:beh⁴ li⁵ heng²]

/pɛʔ²¹⁻⁴² li¹¹ hɛŋ¹³/

beh⁶ li⁵ heng² [Phonetic:beh⁷ li⁵ heng²]

/pɛʔ²⁻⁴ li²¹ hɛŋ²⁴/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ li³³⁻²¹ hiɪŋ²³/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ li²²⁻²¹ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁵ li²²⁻²¹ hiɪŋ¹³/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ li³³⁻¹¹ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/piak̚⁵⁻²⁴ li⁴¹⁻²² hŋ̍²⁴/

/pek̚²⁻⁴ li³⁵⁻¹¹ heŋ⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹ xɤŋ³⁵/

/paːk̚³ lei̯²² hɐŋ²¹/

/pɛiʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃i²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hɛiŋ⁵³/

/pɛʔ²¹⁻⁴² li¹¹ hɛŋ¹³/

/pɛʔ²⁻⁴ li²¹ hɛŋ²⁴/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ li³³⁻²¹ hiɪŋ²³/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ li²²⁻²¹ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁵ li²²⁻²¹ hiɪŋ¹³/

/piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ li³³⁻¹¹ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/piak̚⁵⁻²⁴ li⁴¹⁻²² hŋ̍²⁴/

/pek̚²⁻⁴ li³⁵⁻¹¹ heŋ⁵⁵/

Ultimately from Hebrew בֵּית לֶחֶם (bēṯ léḥem).

der

Hebrew בֵּית לֶחֶם (bēṯ léḥem)

(Protestantism, Eastern Orthodoxy or secular) Bethlehem (a city in the West Bank, Palestine, believed to be the birthplace of Jesus)


蘇拉威西

/su⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/sou̯⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ wɐi̯⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/su⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/sou̯⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ wɐi̯⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

(～島) Sulawesi (an island of Indonesia, the world's eleventh-largest island)


法拉盛

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/faːt̚³ laːi̯⁵⁵ sɪŋ²²/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/faːt̚³ laːi̯⁵⁵ sɪŋ²²/

Flushing (a neighborhood of Queens, New York City, New York, United States)


自強

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡siː²² kʰœːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ kʰi̯oŋ¹¹/

/t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾yoŋ⁵³/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² kiɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ kiɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ kiaŋ¹³/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡siː²² kʰœːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ kʰi̯oŋ¹¹/

/t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾yoŋ⁵³/

/t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² kiɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ kiɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡su²²⁻²¹ kiaŋ¹³/

(～里) an urban village in Songshan district, Taipei, Taiwan


東江

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

From its location relative to the main course of the Pearl River.

The Dong or East River in Guangdong, China


大不列顛

ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄉㄧㄢ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄉㄧㄢ

/tä⁵¹ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ li̯ɛ⁵¹ ti̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² pɐt̚⁵ liːt̚² tiːn⁵⁵/

/tɑi²⁴² puʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ l̃ieʔ⁵⁻³³ tieŋ⁵⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ put̚³²⁻⁴ liɛt̚⁴⁻³² tiɛn⁴⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² put̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɛt̚²⁴⁻² tiɛn³³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ put̚³²⁻⁵ liɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tiɛn⁴⁴/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ put̚³²⁻⁴ liɛt̚⁴⁻³² tiɛn⁴⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ put̚³²⁻⁴ liɛt̚⁴⁻³² tiɛn⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ li̯ɛ⁵¹ ti̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² pɐt̚⁵ liːt̚² tiːn⁵⁵/

/tɑi²⁴² puʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ l̃ieʔ⁵⁻³³ tieŋ⁵⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ put̚³²⁻⁴ liɛt̚⁴⁻³² tiɛn⁴⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² put̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɛt̚²⁴⁻² tiɛn³³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ put̚³²⁻⁵ liɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tiɛn⁴⁴/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ put̚³²⁻⁴ liɛt̚⁴⁻³² tiɛn⁴⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ put̚³²⁻⁴ liɛt̚⁴⁻³² tiɛn⁴⁴/

大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王國

Dà-Bùlièdiān jí Běi-Ài'ěrlán Liánhé Wángguó

Great Britain
Great Britain#English:_Q145

(loosely) Great Britain (the United Kingdom, a kingdom and country in Northern Europe including the island of Great Britain as well as Northern Ireland on the northeastern portion of the island of Ireland)


沙特阿拉伯王國

ㄕㄚ ㄊㄜˋ ㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄛˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄕㄚ ㄊㄜˋ ㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄛˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Шатэ Алабо Ванго

/ʂä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ tɐk̚² aː³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ wɔːŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia#English:_Q851

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (official name of Saudi Arabia: a country in Western Asia, on the Arabian Peninsula)


燕窩

/jɛn⁵¹ wɔ⁵⁵/

/jɛn⁵¹ wɔɻ⁵⁵/

/jiːn³³ wɔː⁵⁵/

/ˈiɛn³⁵ uo⁴²/

/iɛn²¹⁻⁵³ o⁴⁴/

/iɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ o⁴⁴/

/iɛn²¹⁻⁴² o⁴⁴/

/iɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ o³³/

/iɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ ɤ⁴⁴/

/ĩ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ o³³/

/jɛn⁵¹ wɔ⁵⁵/

/jɛn⁵¹ wɔɻ⁵⁵/

/jiːn³³ wɔː⁵⁵/

/ˈiɛn³⁵ uo⁴²/

/iɛn²¹⁻⁵³ o⁴⁴/

/iɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ o⁴⁴/

/iɛn²¹⁻⁴² o⁴⁴/

/iɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ o³³/

/iɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ ɤ⁴⁴/

/ĩ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ o³³/

(～鎮) Yanwo (a town in Honghu, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


墨西哥城

ㄇㄛˋ ㄒㄧ ㄍㄜ ㄔㄥˊ

ㄇㄛˋ ㄒㄧ ㄍㄜ ㄔㄥˊ

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/mɐk̚² sɐi̯⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/mɐk̚² sɐi̯⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

Mexico City (a city, the capital city of Mexico)


瓦萊塔

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋaː¹³ lɔːi̯²¹ tʰaːp̚³/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai¹³⁻²² tʰaʔ³²/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴⁻²² tʰaʔ³²/

/ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lai²⁴⁻²² tʰaʔ⁵/

/ŋo²² le⁵⁵ tʰaʔ²¹/

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋaː¹³ lɔːi̯²¹ tʰaːp̚³/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai¹³⁻²² tʰaʔ³²/

/ua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴⁻²² tʰaʔ³²/

/ua⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lai²⁴⁻²² tʰaʔ⁵/

/ŋo²² le⁵⁵ tʰaʔ²¹/

Valletta (a city, the capital city of Malta)


亞穆蘇克羅

ㄧㄚˋ ㄇㄨˋ ㄙㄨ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ

ㄧㄚˇ ㄇㄨˋ ㄙㄨ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹ su⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹ su⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/aː³³ mʊk̚² sou̯⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵ lɔː²¹/

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹ su⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹ su⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/aː³³ mʊk̚² sou̯⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵ lɔː²¹/

(Mainland China) Yamoussoukro (the official and administrative capital of Ivory Coast)


梵宇

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (梵宇):
* → Korean: 범우(梵宇) (beomu)
* → Vietnamese: phạn vũ (梵宇)

/fän⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fän³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fän⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fän³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


佛寺

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

/fɐt̚² t͡siː²²⁻³⁵/

/put̚⁴⁻³² si²²/

/put̚²⁴⁻² si⁴¹/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² si³³/

/hut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ si²²/

/vəʔ¹¹ zz̩²³/

/vəʔ²² zz̩⁵²³/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

/fɐt̚² t͡siː²²⁻³⁵/

/put̚⁴⁻³² si²²/

/put̚²⁴⁻² si⁴¹/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² si³³/

/hut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ si²²/

/vəʔ¹¹ zz̩²³/

/vəʔ²² zz̩⁵²³/


石柱

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂuɻʷ⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂuɻʷ⁵¹/

～土家族自治縣 石柱土家族自治縣#Chinese

(～土家族自治縣) Shizhu (a Tujia autonomous county of Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Shizhu (a town in Yongkang, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)


香港島

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ⁴¹/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁵³/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ⁵³/

/hiɔŋ³³ kaŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/hiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁵³/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ⁴¹/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁵³/

/hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ⁵³/

/hiɔŋ³³ kaŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/hiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁵³/

Hong Kong Island
Hong Kong Island#English

Hong Kong Island (an island of Hong Kong)


禮拜堂

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ paɪ̯⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/lɐi̯¹³ paːi̯³³ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/lai²¹ pai³³ hɔŋ²²⁻²²⁵/

/le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pai²¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍²⁴/

/le⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tŋ̍²⁴/

/le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pai²¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍¹³/

/le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pai¹¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍²⁴/

/le⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pai²¹⁻⁴¹ tŋ̍²³/

/li⁵²⁻³⁵ pai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tɯŋ⁵⁵/

/loi⁵²⁻³⁵ pai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tɯŋ⁵⁵/

/li²² pa⁵⁵ dɑ̃²¹/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ paɪ̯⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/lɐi̯¹³ paːi̯³³ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/lai²¹ pai³³ hɔŋ²²⁻²²⁵/

/le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pai²¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍²⁴/

/le⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tŋ̍²⁴/

/le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pai²¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍¹³/

/le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pai¹¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍²⁴/

/le⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pai²¹⁻⁴¹ tŋ̍²³/

/li⁵²⁻³⁵ pai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tɯŋ⁵⁵/

/loi⁵²⁻³⁵ pai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tɯŋ⁵⁵/

/li²² pa⁵⁵ dɑ̃²¹/

(Christianity, chiefly Protestantism) church; chapel (place of worship)


富納富提

ㄈㄨˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄈㄨˋ ㄊㄧˊ

ㄈㄨˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄈㄨˋ ㄊㄧˊ

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹ tʰi³⁵/

/fuː³³ naːp̚² fuː³³ tʰɐi̯²¹/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹ tʰi³⁵/

/fuː³³ naːp̚² fuː³³ tʰɐi̯²¹/

Funafuti (a city, the capital city of Tuvalu)


阿皮亞

/ˀä⁵⁵ pʰi³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/aː³³ pʰei̯²¹ aː³³/

/ˀä⁵⁵ pʰi³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/aː³³ pʰei̯²¹ aː³³/

Apia (a city, the capital city of Samoa)


努庫阿洛法

ㄋㄨˇ ㄎㄨˋ ㄚ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄈㄚˇ

ㄋㄨˇ ㄎㄨˋ ㄚ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄈㄚˇ

/nu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰu⁵¹ ˀä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nou̯¹³ fuː³³ aː³³ lɔːk̚² faːt̚³/

/nou̯¹³ fuː³³ aː³³ lɔːk̚³ faːt̚³/

/nou̯¹³ fuː³³ aː³³ lɔːk̚² faːt̚³/

/nou̯¹³ fuː³³ aː³³ lɔːk̚³ faːt̚³/

From Tongan Nukuʻalofa, from nuku (“abode”) + alofa (“love”). Literally, “abode of love”.


班加羅爾

ㄅㄢ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄦˇ

ㄅㄢ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄦˇ

/pän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːn⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹ jiː¹³/

/pän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːn⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹ jiː¹³/

(Mainland China) Bangalore (a megacity, the state capital of Karnataka, India)


曼徹斯特

ㄇㄢˋ ㄔㄜˋ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄇㄢˋ ㄔㄜˋ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ

/män⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/maːn²² t͡sʰiːt̚³ siː⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/

/me²² t͡sʰəʔ⁵⁵ sz̩³³ dəʔ²¹/

/män⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/maːn²² t͡sʰiːt̚³ siː⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/

/me²² t͡sʰəʔ⁵⁵ sz̩³³ dəʔ²¹/

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester#English

Manchester (a major city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in northwestern England)


威斯康辛

Вэйсыкансинь

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ hɔːŋ⁵⁵ sɐn⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ hɔːŋ⁵⁵ sɐn⁵⁵/

(～州) (Hong Kong, Taiwan) Wisconsin (a state in the Upper Midwest region of the United States)


法屬剛果

ㄈㄚˇ ㄕㄨˇ ㄍㄤ ㄍㄨㄛˇ

ㄈㄚˋ ㄕㄨˇ ㄍㄤ ㄍㄨㄛˇ

/fä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fä⁵¹ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/faːt̚³ sʊk̚² kɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔː³⁵/

/fä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fä⁵¹ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/faːt̚³ sʊk̚² kɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔː³⁵/

French Equatorial Africa
French Equatorial Africa

French Congo (a former colony of France (1880 – 1910), later becoming French Equatorial Africa)


尖沙咀

→ English: Tsim Sha Tsui

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ t͡su̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡siːm⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵ t͡sɵy̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ so³³ t͡sz̩²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ t͡su̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡siːm⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵ t͡sɵy̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ so³³ t͡sz̩²¹/

Tsim Sha Tsui (an area of Yau Tsim Mong district, Kowloon, Hong Kong)


新界

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kaːi̯³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kaːi̯³³/

the New Territories (a region of Hong Kong)


大嶼山

/tä⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² jyː²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² jyː²¹ saːn⁵⁵/


離島

/li³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li¹³⁻¹¹ tɒ⁴⁵³/

/li²⁴⁻²¹ tɒ³³²/

/li³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li¹³⁻¹¹ tɒ⁴⁵³/

/li²⁴⁻²¹ tɒ³³²/


南丫島

/nän³⁵ jä⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːm²¹ aː⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/nän³⁵ jä⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːm²¹ aː⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵/

Lamma Island (an island of Islands district, Hong Kong)


長洲

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

Cheung Chau (an island of Hong Kong, China)

(～區) Changzhou (a prefecture-level city in southern Jiangsu, China)

Changzhou (a district of Wuzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～街道) Changzhou (an island of Huangpu district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)

(～縣) (historical) Changzhou (a former county of Suzhou prefecture, Jiangsu, China)

(～町) Nagasu (a town in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


城區

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/ɬia¹³⁻¹¹ kʰy⁵³³/

/ɬĩã²⁴⁻²¹ kʰy⁵⁴⁴/

/sĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰu³³/

/zən²² t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/ɬia¹³⁻¹¹ kʰy⁵³³/

/ɬĩã²⁴⁻²¹ kʰy⁵⁴⁴/

/sĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰu³³/

/zən²² t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/

Chengqu (a district of Shanwei, Guangdong, China)

Chengqu (a district of Jincheng, Shanxi, China)

Chengqu (a district of Yangquan, Shanxi, China)

(～街道) Chengqu (a subdistrict of Lop, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


雲霧

/hun²⁴⁻²² bu²²/

/hun²⁴⁻²² bu⁴¹/

/hun¹³⁻²² bu²²/

/hun²⁴⁻¹¹ bu³³/

/hun²³⁻³³ bu³³/

/hun²⁴⁻²² bu²²/

/hun²⁴⁻²² bu⁴¹/

/hun¹³⁻²² bu²²/

/hun²⁴⁻¹¹ bu³³/

/hun²³⁻³³ bu³³/

土家族鄉 土家族鄉#Chinese

(～鄉, ～土家族鄉) Yunwu (a township in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)


安城

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～市) Anjō (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


富源

/fu⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/fu⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～縣) Fuyuan (a county of Qujing, Yunnan, China)


道北

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～縣) Tumpat (a district of Kelantan, Malaysia)


碣石

→ English: Jieshi, Kitchioh

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

(～鎮) Jieshi (a town in Shanwei, Guangdong, China)


印度共和國

ㄧㄣˋ ㄉㄨˋ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄧㄣˋ ㄉㄨˋ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Иньду гунхэго

/in⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/jɐn³³ tou̯²² kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/in⁵⁵ tʰu⁵⁵ kʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵ fo¹¹ ku̯et̚²/

/in²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²⁻²¹ kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/in⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tɔ⁴¹⁻²² kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² ho²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/in²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²⁻²¹ kiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/in¹¹⁻⁵³ tɔ³³⁻¹¹ kiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ho²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/in²¹⁻⁴¹ tɔ³³⁻²¹ kiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɤ²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/in³³ du³³ ɡoŋ²² ɦu⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/

/in⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/jɐn³³ tou̯²² kʊŋ²² wɔː²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/in⁵⁵ tʰu⁵⁵ kʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵ fo¹¹ ku̯et̚²/

/in³³ du³³ ɡoŋ²² ɦu⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/

Republic of India
Republic of India#English:_Q668

Republic of India (official name of India: a country in South Asia)


博愛

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

/pɔːk̚³ ɔːi̯³³/

/pʰɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ai¹¹/

/pʰɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ai⁴¹/

/pʰɔk̚³²⁻⁵ ai²¹/

/pʰɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ai²¹/

/pɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ai⁴¹/

/pɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ai²¹/

/pʰak̚²⁻⁴ ãĩ²¹³/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

/pɔːk̚³ ɔːi̯³³/

/pʰɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ai¹¹/

/pʰɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ai⁴¹/

/pʰɔk̚³²⁻⁵ ai²¹/

/pʰɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ai²¹/

/pɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ai⁴¹/

/pɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ai²¹/

/pʰak̚²⁻⁴ ãĩ²¹³/

(～縣) Bo'ai (a county of Jiaozuo, Henan, China)


湖西

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 湖西 (Kosai).

obor

/wuː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² sai⁴⁴/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² sai³³/

/ɔ¹³⁻²² sai⁴⁴/

/ɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sai⁴⁴/

/ɔ²³⁻³³ sai⁴⁴/

/wuː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² sai⁴⁴/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² sai³³/

/ɔ¹³⁻²² sai⁴⁴/

/ɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sai⁴⁴/

/ɔ²³⁻³³ sai⁴⁴/

(～市) Kosai (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


湖西

→ English: Huhsi, Husi, Huxi

/wuː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² sai⁴⁴/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² sai³³/

/ɔ¹³⁻²² sai⁴⁴/

/ɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sai⁴⁴/

/ɔ²³⁻³³ sai⁴⁴/

/wuː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² sai⁴⁴/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² sai³³/

/ɔ¹³⁻²² sai⁴⁴/

/ɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sai⁴⁴/

/ɔ²³⁻³³ sai⁴⁴/

(～鄉) Huxi, Husi, Huhsi (a rural township in Penghu County, Taiwan)

(～村) Huxi (a rural village in Huxi, Penghu County, Taiwan)


絳州

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Jiangzhou (a city in Shanxi, China)


梨樹

(～區) Lishu District, Jixi, Heilongjiang, China


圖森

/tʰu³⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/tʰou̯²¹ sɐm⁵⁵/

/tʰu³⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/tʰou̯²¹ sɐm⁵⁵/

(Mainland China) Tucson (a city in Arizona, United States)


瑞穗

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/sɵy̯²² sɵy̯²²/

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/sɵy̯²² sɵy̯²²/

(～市) Mizuho (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)

(～鄉) Ruisui (a rural township in Hualien County, Taiwan)


文京

/wən³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/wən³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Bunkyō (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


根室

/kən⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kən⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kən⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kən⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 根室 (Nemuro).

(～市) Nemuro (a city in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


芝加哥

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

From a spelling pronunciation of English Chicago.

Chicago (a large city in Illinois, United States)


北區

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kʰu⁴⁴/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ kʰu³³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ kʰu⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kʰu⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kʰu⁴⁴/

/pak̚²⁻⁴ kʰu³³/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kʰu⁴⁴/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ kʰu³³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ kʰu⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kʰu⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ kʰu⁴⁴/

/pak̚²⁻⁴ kʰu³³/

North District
w:North District (Hong Kong)

North District (a district of Hong Kong)


東區

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰi²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰu⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³ kʰu³³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰu⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ kʰu³³/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰi²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰu⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³ kʰu³³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰu⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ kʰu³³/

Eastern District
w:Eastern District (Hong Kong)

Eastern District (a district of Hong Kong)