加爾各答

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄦˇ ㄍㄜˋ ㄉㄚˊ

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄦˇ ㄍㄜˋ ㄉㄚˊ

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ⁵¹ tä³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ jiː¹³ kɔːk̚³ taːp̚³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ⁵¹ tä³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ jiː¹³ kɔːk̚³ taːp̚³/

Kolkata, Calcutta (the capital city of West Bengal, India)


蘇拉特

/su⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/su⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/


吉薩

/t͡ɕi³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ sä⁵¹/

Great Sphinx of Giza
Great Sphinx of Giza

Great Pyramid of Giza
Great Pyramid of Giza

Giza (a city on the west bank of the Nile river, Egypt, famous for its ancient monuments including the Great Sphinx of Giza and the Great Pyramid of Giza)


吉達

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tä³⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tä³⁵/

Jeddah (a port city in Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia)


德班

/tɤ³⁵ pän⁵⁵/

/tɤ³⁵ pän⁵⁵/

Durban (a city and seaport in KwaZulu-Natal, Republic of South Africa)


卡薩布蘭卡

ㄎㄚˇ ㄙㄚˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄢˊ ㄎㄚˇ

ㄎㄚˇ ㄙㄚˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄢˊ ㄎㄚˇ

Касабуланька

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹ län³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


白沙瓦

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Phono-semantic matching of English Peshawar.

psm

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#English

Peshawar (a city, the capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)


浦那

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

Pune (a major city and district of Maharashtra, India)


齋浦爾

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Jaipur (the state capital of Rajasthan, India)


勒克瑙

/lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ nɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐk̚² hɐk̚⁵ nou̯¹³/

/lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ nɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐk̚² hɐk̚⁵ nou̯¹³/

Lucknow (the state capital of Uttar Pradesh, India)


休斯敦

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

/jɐu̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tɵn⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

/jɐu̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tɵn⁵⁵/

(chiefly Mainland China) Houston (a large city in Texas, United States)


菲尼克斯

ㄈㄟ ㄋㄧˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙ

ㄈㄟ ㄋㄧˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙ

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ ni³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/fei̯⁵⁵ nei̯²¹ hɐk̚⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ ni³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/fei̯⁵⁵ nei̯²¹ hɐk̚⁵ siː⁵⁵/

(Mainland China) Phoenix (a city, the state capital of Arizona, United States)


印第安納波利斯

ㄧㄣˋ ㄉㄧˋ ㄢ ㄋㄚˋ ㄅㄛ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙ

ㄧㄣˋ ㄉㄧˋ ㄢ ㄋㄚˋ ㄅㄛ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙ

Иньдианьнаболисы

/in⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵ nä⁵¹ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/jɐn³³ tɐi̯²² ɔːn⁵⁵ naːp̚² pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²² siː⁵⁵/

Indianapolis (a city, the state capital of Indiana, United States)


丹佛

/tän⁵⁵ fu̯ɔ³⁵/

/tän⁵⁵ fu̯ɔ³⁵/

Denver (a city, the state capital and largest city Colorado, United States)


納什維爾

ㄋㄚˋ ㄕˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄦˇ

ㄋㄚˋ ㄕˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄦˇ

/nä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːp̚² sɐm²² wɐi̯²¹ jiː¹³/

/nä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːp̚² sɐm²² wɐi̯²¹ jiː¹³/

(Mainland China) Nashville (a city, the state capital of Tennessee, United States)


波特蘭

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ län³⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ tɐk̚² laːn²¹/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ län³⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ tɐk̚² laːn²¹/

Portland (a city in Oregon, United States)


阿布奎基

ㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄎㄨㄟˊ ㄐㄧ

ㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄎㄨㄟˊ ㄐㄧ

/ˀä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

Bernalillo County
Bernalillo County#English

(Taiwan) Albuquerque (the largest city in New Mexico, United States and the county seat of Bernalillo County)


阿爾伯克基

ㄚ ㄦˇ ㄅㄛˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄐㄧ

ㄚ ㄦˇ ㄅㄛˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄐㄧ

/ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

(Mainland China) Albuquerque (the largest city in New Mexico, United States and the county seat of Bernalillo County)


亞特蘭大

ㄧㄚˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄢˊ ㄉㄚˋ

ㄧㄚˇ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄢˊ ㄉㄚˋ

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹ län³⁵ tä⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹ län³⁵ tä⁵¹/

/aː³³ tɐk̚² laːn²¹ taːi̯²²/

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹ län³⁵ tä⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹ län³⁵ tä⁵¹/

/aː³³ tɐk̚² laːn²¹ taːi̯²²/

Atlanta (a city, the state capital of Georgia, United States)


長灘

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tʰän⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tʰän⁵⁵/

Long Beach (a city in California, United States)

(～鎮) Changtan (a town in Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)

(～社區) Changtan (a residential community in Changtan, Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


弗雷斯諾

ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄟˊ ㄙ ㄋㄨㄛˋ

ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄟˊ ㄙ ㄋㄨㄛˋ

/fu³⁵ leɪ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ nu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/fu³⁵ leɪ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ nu̯ɔ⁵¹/

(Mainland China) Fresno (a city in California, United States)


薩克拉門托

ㄙㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄚ ㄇㄣˊ ㄊㄨㄛ

ㄙㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄚ ㄇㄣˊ ㄊㄨㄛ

Сакэламэньто

/sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ mən³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/saːt̚³ hɐk̚⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ muːn²¹ tʰɔːk̚³/

/sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ mən³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/saːt̚³ hɐk̚⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ muːn²¹ tʰɔːk̚³/

(Mainland China) Sacramento (a city, the state capital of California, United States)


奧馬哈

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xä⁵⁵/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xä⁵⁵/

Omaha (a city in Nebraska, United States)


邁阿密

/maɪ̯⁵¹ ˀä⁵⁵ mi⁵¹/

/maːi̯²² aː³³ mɐt̚²/

/mãi²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴⁻²² bit̚⁴/

/mãi⁴¹⁻²² a³³ bit̚²⁴/

/mãi²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴⁻²² bit̚¹²¹/

/mãi³³⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴⁻³³ bit̚⁴/

/mãi³³⁻²¹ a⁴⁴⁻³³ bit̚⁴/

/maɪ̯⁵¹ ˀä⁵⁵ mi⁵¹/

/maːi̯²² aː³³ mɐt̚²/

/mãi²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴⁻²² bit̚⁴/

/mãi⁴¹⁻²² a³³ bit̚²⁴/

/mãi²²⁻²¹ a⁴⁴⁻²² bit̚¹²¹/

/mãi³³⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴⁻³³ bit̚⁴/

/mãi³³⁻²¹ a⁴⁴⁻³³ bit̚⁴/

(Mainland China, Taiwan) Miami (a city in Florida, United States)


圖爾薩

/tʰu³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sä⁵¹/

/tʰou̯²¹ jiː¹³ saːt̚³/

/tʰu³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sä⁵¹/

/tʰou̯²¹ jiː¹³ saːt̚³/

Tulsa (a city in Tulsa County, Oklahoma, United States)


檀香山

Таньсян Шань

/tʰän³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːn²¹ hœːŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/tʰän³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːn²¹ hœːŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

Honolulu (a city, the state capital of Hawaii, United States)


火奴魯魯

ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄋㄨˊ ㄌㄨˇ ㄌㄨˇ

ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄋㄨˊ ㄌㄨˇ ㄌㄨˇ

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nu³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɔː³⁵ nou̯²¹ lou̯¹³ lou̯¹³/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nu³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɔː³⁵ nou̯²¹ lou̯¹³ lou̯¹³/


明尼阿波利斯

ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄚ ㄅㄛ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙ

ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄚ ㄅㄛ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙ

Минниаболисы

/miŋ³⁵ ni³⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ nei̯²¹ aː³³ pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²² siː⁵⁵/

/miŋ³⁵ ni³⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ nei̯²¹ aː³³ pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²² siː⁵⁵/

From English Minneapolis, from Dakota mini (“water”) + Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “city”).

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Minneapolis (the largest city in Minnesota, United States, and the county seat of Hennepin County)


愛麗斯泉

ㄞˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙ ㄑㄩㄢˊ

ㄞˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙ ㄑㄩㄢˊ

Айлисы Цюань

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

Northern Territory
Northern Territory#English

(Hong Kong, Taiwan) Alice Springs (a town in the Northern Territory, Australia)


鬱林

/wɐt̚⁵ lɐm²¹/

/wɐt̚⁵ lɐm²¹/

Officially, with the establishment of 鬱林郡 (“Yulin commandery”) in 111 BCE.

(historical, now dated) (～縣) Yulin (a city in the Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(historical) (～郡) Yulin (an ancient commandery of China)


連江

desc

→ English: Lianjiang, Lienchiang, Lien-chiang, Lienkiang, Lienkong

/li̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/liːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋouŋ⁵⁵/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/liːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋouŋ⁵⁵/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

(～縣) Lianjiang (a county of Fuzhou, Fujian, China)

The accumulating, gathering, examining and investigating of medicinal plant specimens in the Lien-chiang and others Islets, and at the individual villages and towns of Lien-chiang County will be carried out:

2000, Investigation and Study on The Resources of Chinese Crude Drugs in Taiwan (8) – (Investigation and Study on The Medicinal Plants in Lien-chiang County) 台灣產中藥材資源之調查研究（八）-連江縣藥用植物資源之調查報告, Hsieh, Wen-Chiuan 謝文全

Liánjiāng Xiàn yánhǎi jí gè xiāngzhèn yào yòng zhíwù biāoběn zhī sōují, cǎijí, jiàndìng jí diàochá.

連江縣沿海及各鄉鎮藥用植物標本之蒐集、採集、鑑定及調查。

连江县沿海及各乡镇药用植物标本之搜集、采集、鉴定及调查。

(～縣) Lienchiang (a county of Taiwan (Republic of China); de jure part of its Fujian Province; administrative name for the Matsu Islands)

(～鎮) Lianjiang (a town in Dingyuan, Chuzhou, Anhui, China)

Lian River (the largest tributary of the Bei River in Guangdong)


綏遠

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ jyːn¹³/

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ jyːn¹³/

(～城) Suiyuan (one of the two towns that merged to form modern Guisui, or modern Hohhot in Inner Mongolia autonomous region)

(～省) Suiyuan (a former province of China)


察哈爾

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ xä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ haː⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ xä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ haː⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

Qing-era Mandarin transcription of Manchu ᠴᠠᡥᠠᡵ (cahar), from Classical Mongolian ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ (čaqar).

(historical) (～省, formerly ～特別區) Chahar (a former province of China)

(～盟) Chahar (a former league in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


熱河

→ English: Rehe

zh-l

熱河兒／热河儿 (Rèhér)

→ English: Jehol (from 熱河兒／热河儿 (Rèhér))

/jiːt̚² hɔː²¹/

/jiːt̚² hɔː²¹/

ncog

ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ

Classical Mongolian ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ
ᠭᠣᠣᠯ (qalaɣun ɣool)

(～省) Rehe (a former province in northeastern China)


加利福尼亞州

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧˋ ㄈㄨˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧˋ ㄈㄨˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˇ ㄓㄡ

Цзялифуния Чжоу

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ fu³⁵ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ fu³⁵ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ fu³⁵ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

California (the most populous state of the United States)


恩施土家族苗族自治州

ㄣ ㄕ ㄊㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄗㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

jan¹ si¹ tou² gaa¹ zuk⁶ miu⁴ zuk⁶ zi⁶ zi⁶ zau¹

ㄣ ㄕ ㄊㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄗㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Ên¹-shih¹ Tʻu³-chia¹-tsu² Miao²-tsu² Tzŭ⁴-chih⁴-chou¹

Эньши Туцзяцзу Мяоцзу Цзычжичжоу

/ˀən⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

yān sī tóu gā juhk mìuh juhk jih jih jāu

jan¹ si¹ tou² gaa¹ dzuk⁹ miu⁴ dzuk⁹ dzi⁶ dzi⁶ dzau¹

yen¹ xi¹ tou² ga¹ zug⁶ miu⁴ zug⁶ ji⁶ ji⁶ zeo¹

/jɐn⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tʰou̯³⁵ kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚² miːu̯²¹ t͡sʊk̚² t͡siː²² t͡siː²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture#English

autonomous prefecture
autonomous prefecture

Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (an autonomous prefecture of Hubei, China)


恩施

→ English: Enshi, Enshih, En-shih

/ˀən⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/jɐn⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/ˀən⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/jɐn⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

～土家族苗族自治州 恩施土家族苗族自治州#Chinese

w:Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture

(～土家族苗族自治州, ～州) Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (an autonomous prefecture of Hubei, China)

(～市) Enshi (a county-level city of Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


湘西土家族苗族自治州

ㄒㄧㄤ ㄒㄧ ㄊㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄗㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄒㄧㄤ ㄒㄧ ㄊㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄗㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Hsiang¹-hsi¹ Tʻu³-chia¹-tsu² Miao²-tsu² Tzŭ⁴-chih⁴-chou¹

Syāng-syī Tǔ-jyā-dzú Myáu-dzú Dz̀-jr̀-jōu

Shiangshi Tuujiatzwu Miautzwu Tzyhjyhjou

Сянси Туцзяцзу Мяоцзу Цзычжичжоу

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture


湘西

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

～土家族苗族自治州 湘西土家族苗族自治州#Chinese

w:Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture

(～土家族苗族自治州, ～州) Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (an autonomous prefecture of Hunan, China)


阿壩藏族羌族自治州

ㄚ ㄅㄚˋ ㄗㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄑㄧㄤ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄚ ㄅㄚˋ ㄗㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄑㄧㄤ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

A¹-pa⁴ Tsang⁴-tsu² Chʻiang¹-tsu² Tzŭ⁴-chih⁴-chou¹

Аба Цзанцзу Цянцзу Цзычжичжоу

/ˀä⁵⁵ pä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture


阿壩

→ English: Aba

/aː³³ paː³³/

/a³³⁻²³ pa²¹³/

/aː³³ paː³³/

/a³³⁻²³ pa²¹³/

～藏族羌族自治州 阿壩藏族羌族自治州#Chinese

(～藏族羌族自治州, ～州) Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Aba (an autonomous prefecture of Sichuan, China)

(～縣) Ngawa (a county of Ngawa prefecture, Sichuan, China)


甘孜藏族自治州

ㄍㄢ ㄗ ㄗㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄍㄢ ㄗ ㄗㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Ганьцзы Цзанцзу Цзычжичжоу

/kän⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
Garzê#English

Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (an autonomous prefecture of Sichuan, China)


甘孜

/kän⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/kän⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan དཀར་མཛེས (dkar mdzes).

～藏族自治州 甘孜藏族自治州#Chinese

(～藏族自治州, ～州) Garzê (an autonomous prefecture of Sichuan, China)

(～縣) Garzê (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


涼山彝族自治州

ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄕㄢ ㄧˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄕㄢ ㄧˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Ляншань Ицзу Цзычжичжоу

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ i³⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵ jiː²¹ t͡sʊk̚² t͡siː²² t͡siː²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture
w:Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture

Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (a Yi autonomous prefecture in Sichuan, China)


涼山

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

～彝族自治州 涼山彝族自治州#Chinese

(～彝族自治州, ～州) Liangshan (a Yi autonomous prefecture in Sichuan, China)


黔西南布依族苗族自治州

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄧ ㄋㄢˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄧ ㄗㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄧ ㄋㄢˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄧ ㄗㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Chʻien²-hsi¹-nan² Pu⁴-i¹-tsu² Miao²-tsu² Tzŭ⁴-chih⁴-chou¹

Chyán-syī-nán Bù-yī-dzú Myáu-dzú Dz̀-jr̀-jōu

Chyanshinan Buhitzwu Miautzwu Tzyhjyhjou

Цяньсинань Буицзу Мяоцзу Цзычжичжоу

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ nän³⁵ pu⁵¹ i⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture


黔西南

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

～布依族苗族自治州 黔西南布依族苗族自治州#Chinese

w:Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture

(～布依族苗族自治州, ～州) Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (an autonomous prefecture of Guizhou, China)


黔東南苗族侗族自治州

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄋㄢˊ ㄇㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄋㄢˊ ㄇㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Chʻien²-tung¹-nan² Miao²-tsu² Tung⁴-tsu² Tzŭ⁴-chih⁴-chou¹

Chyán-dūng-nán Myáu-dzú Dùng-dzú Dz̀-jr̀-jōu

Chyandongnan Miautzwu Donqtzwu Tzyhjyhjou

Цяньдуннань Мяоцзу Дунцзу Цзычжичжоу

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture


黔東南

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄋㄢˊ

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄋㄢˊ

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

～苗族侗族自治州 黔東南苗族侗族自治州#Chinese

(～苗族侗族自治州, ～州) Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture


黔南布依族苗族自治州

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄋㄢˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄧ ㄗㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄋㄢˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄧ ㄗㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Chʻien²-nan² Pu⁴-i¹-tsu² Miao²-tsu² Tzŭ⁴-chih⁴-chou¹

Chyán-nán Bù-yī-dzú Myáu-dzú Dz̀-jr̀-jōu

Цяньнань Буицзу Мяоцзу Цзычжичжоу

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ nän³⁵ pu⁵¹ i⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture


黔南

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ nän³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ nän³⁵/

～布依族苗族自治州 黔南布依族苗族自治州#Chinese

(～布依族苗族自治州, ～州) Qiannan (an autonomous prefecture of Guizhou, China)


楚雄彝族自治州

ㄔㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄧˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄔㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄧˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Чусюн Ицзу Цзычжичжоу

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵ i³⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/


楚雄

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔː³⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔː³⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

～彝族自治州 楚雄彝族自治州#Chinese

(～彝族自治州, ～州) Chuxiong (a Yi autonomous prefecture of Yunnan, China)

(～市) Chuxiong (a city in Chuxiong Prefecture, Yunnan, China)


紅河哈尼族彝族自治州

ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄏㄚ ㄋㄧˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄧˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄏㄚ ㄋㄧˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄧˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Hung²-ho² Ha¹-ni²-tsu² I²-tsu² Tzŭ⁴-chih⁴-chou¹

Хунхэ Ханицзу Ицзу Цзычжичжоу

/xʊŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵ xä⁵⁵ ni³⁵ t͡su³⁵ i³⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture


文山壯族苗族自治州

ㄨㄣˊ ㄕㄢ ㄓㄨㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄨㄣˊ ㄕㄢ ㄓㄨㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Wên²-shan¹ Chuang⁴-tsu² Miao²-tsu² Tzŭ⁴-chih⁴-chou¹

Вэньшань Чжуанцзу Мяоцзу Цзычжичжоу

/wən³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture


文山

/wən³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/wən³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

～壯族苗族自治州 文山壯族苗族自治州#Chinese

(～壯族苗族自治州, ～州) Wenshan (an autonomous prefecture of Yunnan, China)

(～市, formerly ～縣) Wenshan (a county-level city of Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan, China, formerly a county)

(～區) Wenshan (a district of Taipei, Taiwan)


西雙版納傣族自治州

ㄒㄧ ㄕㄨㄤ ㄅㄢˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄉㄞˇ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄒㄧ ㄕㄨㄤ ㄅㄢˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄉㄞˇ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Сишуанбаньна Дайцзу Цзычжичжоу

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹ taɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/


大理白族自治州

ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄅㄞˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄅㄞˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Дали Байцзу Цзычжичжоу

/tä⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ paɪ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/


德宏傣族景頗族自治州

ㄉㄜˊ ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄉㄞˇ ㄗㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄆㄛ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄉㄜˊ ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄉㄞˇ ㄗㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄆㄛ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Tê²-hung² Tai³-tsu² Ching³-pʻo¹-tsu² Tzŭ⁴-chih⁴-chou¹

Dé-húng Dǎi-dzú Jǐng-pwō-dzú Dz̀-jr̀-jōu

Дэхун Дайцзу Цзинпоцзу Цзычжичжоу

/tɤ³⁵ xʊŋ³⁵ taɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture


德宏

/tɤ³⁵ xʊŋ³⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ wɐŋ²¹/

/tɤ³⁵ xʊŋ³⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ wɐŋ²¹/

Borrowed from Tai Nüa ᥖᥬᥳᥑᥨᥒᥰ (tȧuexöng) or Lü ᦺᦎᧉᦆᦳᧂ (ṫay²xung), meaning “the lower reaches of the Nu River”.

bor

Lü ᦺᦎᧉᦆᦳᧂ (ṫay²xung)

～傣族景頗族自治州 德宏傣族景頗族自治州#Chinese

(～傣族景頗族自治州, ～州) Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture


怒江傈僳族自治州

ㄋㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙㄨˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄋㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙㄨˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Нуцзян Лисуцзу Цзычжичжоу

/nu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ su⁵¹ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/


怒江

→ English: Nujiang

/nu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/nou̯²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/nu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/nou̯²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Nu River, or the upper reaches of the Salween River in China

～傈僳族自治州 怒江傈僳族自治州#Chinese

(～傈僳族自治州, ～州) Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture (an autonomous prefecture of Yunnan, China)


迪慶藏族自治州

ㄉㄧˊ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄗㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄉㄧˊ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄗㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Дицин Цзанцзу Цзычжичжоу

/ti³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/


迪慶

/ti³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/tɪk̚² hɪŋ³³/

/ti³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/tɪk̚² hɪŋ³³/

Borrowed from Tibetan བདེ་ཆེན (bde chen, “great bliss”). Doublet of 德欽／德钦 (Déqīn).

zh-l

德欽／德钦 (Déqīn)

～藏族自治州 迪慶藏族自治州#Chinese

Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
w:Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

(～藏族自治州, ～州) Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (an autonomous prefecture of Yunnan, China)


那曲

/nä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/naː¹³ kʰʊk̚⁵/

/nä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/naː¹³ kʰʊk̚⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan ནག་ཆུ (nag chu, “black river”).

Black River (a river in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China; the name for the upper reaches of the Salween)

(～市, formerly ～地區) Nagqu (a prefecture-level city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)

(historical) (～縣) Nagqu (a former county of Nagqu prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China; now Seni district, Nagqu)

(～鎮) Nagqu (a town in Seni district, Nagqu, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


臨夏回族自治州

ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Линься Хуэйцзу Цзычжичжоу

/lin³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture
w:Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture

Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture (an autonomous prefecture of Gansu, China)


臨夏

/lin³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/lɐm²¹ haː²²/

/lin³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/lɐm²¹ haː²²/

～回族自治州 臨夏回族自治州#Chinese

(～回族自治州) Linxia (a Hui autonomous prefecture of Gansu, China)

(～市) Linxia (a county-level city of Linxia prefecture, Gansu, China)

(～縣) Linxia (a county of Linxia prefecture, Gansu, China)


甘南藏族自治州

ㄍㄢ ㄋㄢˊ ㄗㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄍㄢ ㄋㄢˊ ㄗㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Ганьнань Цзанцзу Цзычжичжоу

/kän⁵⁵ nän³⁵ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ naːm²¹ t͡sʰɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʊk̚² t͡siː²² t͡siː²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
w:Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (an autonomous prefecture of Gansu, China)


甘南

/kän⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/kän⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

～藏族自治州 甘南藏族自治州#Chinese

(～藏族自治州) Gannan (a Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Gansu, China)

(～縣) Gannan (a county of Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China)


海北藏族自治州

ㄏㄞˇ ㄅㄟˇ ㄗㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Hǎiběi Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu [Phonetic:háiběizàngzúzìzhìzhōu]

ㄏㄞˇ ㄅㄟˇ ㄗㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Хайбэй Цзанцзу Цзычжичжоу

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/


海北

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

～藏族自治州 海北藏族自治州#Chinese

(～藏族自治州, ～州) Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture


黃南藏族自治州

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄋㄢˊ ㄗㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄋㄢˊ ㄗㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Хуаннань Цзанцзу Цзычжичжоу

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ nän³⁵ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/


黃南

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ nän³⁵/

～藏族自治州 黃南藏族自治州#Chinese

(～藏族自治州, ～州) Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture


海南藏族自治州

ㄏㄞˇ ㄋㄢˊ ㄗㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄏㄞˇ ㄋㄢˊ ㄗㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Хайнань Цзанцзу Цзычжичжоу

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/


果洛藏族自治州

ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄗㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄗㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Голо Цзанцзу Цзычжичжоу

/ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/


果洛

/ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/kʷɔː³⁵ lɔːk̚²/

/ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/kʷɔː³⁵ lɔːk̚²/

Borrowed from Tibetan མགོ་ལོག (mgo log).

～藏族自治州 果洛藏族自治州#Chinese

(～藏族自治州, ～州) Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture


玉樹藏族自治州

ㄩˋ ㄕㄨˋ ㄗㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄩˋ ㄕㄨˋ ㄗㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Юйшу Цзанцзу Цзычжичжоу

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/


玉樹

Phono-semantic matching of Tibetan ཡུལ་ཤུལ (yul shul).

psm

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/jʊk̚² syː²²/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰiu²²/

/ɡiɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/ɡiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu²²/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰiu³³/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰiu³³/

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/jʊk̚² syː²²/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰiu²²/

/ɡiɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/ɡiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu²²/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰiu³³/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰiu³³/

～藏族自治州 玉樹藏族自治州#Chinese

Yushu
w:Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

(～藏族自治州, ～州) Yushu (an autonomous prefecture of Qinghai, China)

(～市) Yushu (a county-level city of Yushu Prefecture, Qinghai, China)


海西蒙古族藏族自治州

ㄏㄞˇ ㄒㄧ ㄇㄥˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄏㄞˇ ㄒㄧ ㄇㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗㄤˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Hǎixī Měnggǔzú Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu [Phonetic:hǎixīménggǔzúzàngzúzìzhìzhōu]

Hai³-hsi¹ Mêng³-ku³-tsu² Tsang⁴-tsu² Tzŭ⁴-chih⁴-chou¹

Hǎi-syī Měng-gǔ-dzú Dzàng-dzú Dz̀-jr̀-jōu

Haeshi Meengguutzwu Tzanqtzwu Tzyhjyhjou

Хайси Мэнгуцзу Цзанцзу Цзычжичжоу

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Hai³-hsi¹ Mêng²-ku³-tsu² Tsang⁴-tsu² Tzŭ⁴-chih⁴-chou¹

Hǎi-syī Méng-gǔ-dzú Dzàng-dzú Dz̀-jr̀-jōu

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

w:Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (an autonomous prefecture of Qinghai, China)


海西

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

West (西 (xī)) of the Qinghai Lake (青海湖 (Qīnghǎi Hú)).

～蒙古族藏族自治州 海西蒙古族藏族自治州#Chinese

(～蒙古族藏族自治州, ～州) Haixi (an autonomous prefecture of Qinghai, China)


昌吉回族自治州

ㄔㄤ ㄐㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄔㄤ ㄐㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Чанцзи Хуэйцзу Цзычжичжоу

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ kɐt̚⁵ wuːi̯²¹ t͡sʊk̚² t͡siː²² t͡siː²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/


博爾塔拉蒙古自治州

ㄅㄛˊ ㄦˇ ㄊㄚˇ ㄌㄚ ㄇㄥˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄅㄛˊ ㄦˇ ㄊㄚˇ ㄌㄚ ㄇㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Bó'ěrtǎlā Měnggǔ Zìzhìzhōu [Phonetic:bóértǎlāménggǔzìzhìzhōu]

Боэртала Мэнгу Цзычжичжоу

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Bó'ěrtǎlā Ménggǔ Zìzhìzhōu [Phonetic:bóértǎlāménggǔzìzhìzhōu]

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/


博爾塔拉

ㄅㄛˊ ㄦˇ ㄊㄚˇ ㄌㄚ

ㄅㄛˊ ㄦˇ ㄊㄚˇ ㄌㄚ

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠ (borotal-a).

～蒙古自治州 博爾塔拉蒙古自治州#Chinese

(～蒙古自治州, ～州) Bortala (a Mongol autonomous prefecture in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


巴音郭楞蒙古自治州

ㄅㄚ ㄧㄣ ㄍㄨㄛ ㄌㄥˋ ㄇㄥˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄅㄚ ㄧㄣ ㄍㄨㄛ ㄌㄥˋ ㄇㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

baa¹ jam¹ gwok³ ling⁴ mung⁴ gu² zi⁶ zi⁶ zau¹

Bāyīnguōlèng Měnggǔ Zìzhìzhōu [Phonetic:bāyīnguōlèngménggǔzìzhìzhōu]

Баиньголэн Мэнгу Цзычжичжоу

/pä⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵⁵ lɤŋ⁵¹ mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵⁵ lɤŋ⁵¹ mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

baa¹ jam¹ gwok⁸ ling⁴ mung⁴ gu² dzi⁶ dzi⁶ dzau¹

ba¹ yem¹ guog³ ling⁴ mung⁴ gu² ji⁶ ji⁶ zeo¹

/paː⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ lɪŋ²¹ mʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵ t͡siː²² t͡siː²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/


巴音郭楞

desc

→ English: Bayinguoleng, Pa-yin-kuo-leng

ㄅㄚ ㄧㄣ ㄍㄨㄛ ㄌㄥˊ

ㄅㄚ ㄧㄣ ㄍㄨㄛ ㄌㄥˊ

/pä⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵⁵ lɤŋ³⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵⁵ lɤŋ³⁵/

Borrowed from Uyghur بايىنغولىن (bayin'gholin), from Mongolian ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠭᠣᠣᠯ (bayanɣool).

～蒙古自治州 巴音郭楞蒙古自治州#Chinese

(～蒙古自治州, ～州) Bayingolin, Bayinguoleng (a Mongol autonomous prefecture in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


克孜勒蘇柯爾克孜自治州

ㄎㄜˋ ㄗ ㄌㄜˋ ㄙㄨ ㄎㄜ ㄦˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄗ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄎㄜˋ ㄗ ㄌㄜˋ ㄙㄨ ㄎㄜ ㄦˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄗ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Кэцзылэсу Кээркэцзы Цзычжичжоу

/kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹ su⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/


克孜勒蘇

→ English: Kezilesu, K'o-tzu-le-su, K'o-tzu-lo-su

ㄎㄜˋ ㄗ ㄌㄜˋ ㄙㄨ

ㄎㄜˋ ㄗ ㄌㄜˋ ㄙㄨ

/kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹ su⁵⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹ su⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Kyrgyz قىزىلسۋ / Кызылсуу (Kızılsuu, “red water”).

bor

Kyrgyz قىزىلسۋ

～柯爾克孜自治州 克孜勒蘇柯爾克孜自治州#Chinese

(～柯爾克孜自治州, ～州) Kizilsu (a Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鄉) Kizilsu (a township in Payzawat, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


伊犁哈薩克自治州

ㄧ ㄌㄧˊ ㄏㄚ ㄙㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

ㄧ ㄌㄧˊ ㄏㄚ ㄙㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄓㄡ

Или Хасакэ Цзычжичжоу

/i⁵⁵ li³⁵ xä⁵⁵ sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

ji¹ lai⁴ haa¹ saat⁸ hak⁷ dzi⁶ dzi⁶ dzau¹

/jiː⁵⁵ lɐi̯²¹ haː⁵⁵ saːt̚³ hɐk̚⁵ t͡siː²² t͡siː²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/


伊犁

/jiː⁵⁵ lɐi̯²¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ lɐi̯²¹/

Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
Old Book of Tang
Tongdian

Borrowed from Manchu ᡳᠯᡳ (ili), from Written Oirat ᡅᠯᡅ (ili).
Further etymology is not clear. In the Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk, compiled in the 11th century, the toponym is recorded as اِلا and glossed as the name of a river. 伊麗 (MC 'jij lje|lejH) and 伊列 (MC 'jij ljet), older Chinese translations of the name of the river, are attested in the Tongdian [801 CE] and the Old Book of Tang [945 CE].

(～地區) (historical) Ili (a former prefecture of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

～哈薩克自治州 伊犁哈薩克自治州#Chinese

(～哈薩克自治州, ～州) Ili (a Kazakh autonomous prefecture in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


法拉

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

the capital city of Farah Province, Afghanistan


魔都

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ tu⁵⁵/

Originated from Shōfu Muramatsu's novel Mato (“魔都”, 1924). Its title was a reference to Shanghai, which was then prosperous but plagued by vices and crimes. This term was repopularized in China circa 2000.

(neologism, slang) derogatory name for Shanghai: a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China


北上廣

ㄅㄟˇ ㄕㄤˋ ㄍㄨㄤˇ

ㄅㄟˇ ㄕㄤˋ ㄍㄨㄤˇ

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐk̚⁵ sœːŋ²² kʷɔːŋ³⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐk̚⁵ sœːŋ²² kʷɔːŋ³⁵/

Blend of 北京 (Běijīng) + 上海 (Shànghǎi) + 廣州／广州 (Guǎngzhōu).


英德

→ English: Yingde, Ying-te

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

英德紅茶

英德红茶

(～市) Yingde (a county-level city of Guangdong, China)


姆巴巴內

ㄇㄨˇ ㄅㄚ ㄅㄚ ㄋㄟˋ

ㄇㄨˇ ㄅㄚ ㄅㄚ ㄋㄟˋ

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/mou̯¹³ paː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ nɔːi̯²²/

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/mou̯¹³ paː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ nɔːi̯²²/

Mbabane (a city, the capital city of Eswatini)


比利亞雷阿爾

ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄟˊ ㄚ ㄦˇ

ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ ㄌㄟˊ ㄚ ㄦˇ

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹ leɪ̯³⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ leɪ̯³⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


維拉利爾

ㄨㄟˊ ㄌㄚ ㄌㄧˋ ㄦˇ

ㄨㄟˊ ㄌㄚ ㄌㄧˋ ㄦˇ

/weɪ̯³⁵ lä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/weɪ̯³⁵ lä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


比利亞雷亞爾

ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄟˊ ㄧㄚˋ ㄦˇ

ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ ㄌㄟˊ ㄧㄚˇ ㄦˇ

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹ leɪ̯³⁵ jä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ leɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


塞維利亞

ㄙㄞˋ ㄨㄟˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄙㄞˋ ㄨㄟˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ

/saɪ̯⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Seville (the capital city of Andalusia, Spain)

Seville (a province of Andalusia, Spain)


塞維爾

/saɪ̯⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


維戈

/weɪ̯³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯³⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/


拉科魯尼亞

ㄌㄚ ㄎㄜ ㄌㄨˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄌㄚ ㄎㄜ ㄌㄨˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˇ

/lä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/lä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ fɔː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/lä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/lä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ fɔː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

A Coruña (a city in A Coruña, Galicia, Spain)


埃瓦爾

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


格拉納達

ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄚ ㄋㄚˋ ㄉㄚˊ

ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄚ ㄋㄚˋ ㄉㄚˊ

/kɤ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ nä⁵¹ tä³⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ nä⁵¹ tä³⁵/


拉斯帕爾馬斯

ㄌㄚ ㄙ ㄆㄚˋ ㄦˇ ㄇㄚˇ ㄙ

ㄌㄚ ㄙ ㄆㄚˋ ㄦˇ ㄇㄚˇ ㄙ

Ласы Паэрмасы

/lä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pʰä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/


萊加內斯

ㄌㄞˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄋㄟˋ ㄙ

ㄌㄞˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄋㄟˋ ㄙ

/laɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/laɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/


馬拉加

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ laːi̯⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ laːi̯⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/


希洪

/ɕi⁵⁵ xʊŋ³⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ xʊŋ³⁵/

From Spanish Gijón, from Asturian Xixón.


巴倫西亞

ㄅㄚ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄅㄚ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˇ

/pä⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/pä⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ lɵn²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

/pä⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/pä⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ lɵn²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

Borrowed from Spanish Valencia. Doublet of 華倫西亞／华伦西亚 (Huálúnxīyà) or 瓦倫西亞／瓦伦西亚 (Wǎlúnxīyà).

zh-l

華倫西亞／华伦西亚 (Huálúnxīyà)

瓦倫西亞／瓦伦西亚 (Wǎlúnxīyà)

Valencia (the capital city of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain)

Valencian Community
Valencian Community#English

autonomous community
autonomous community

Valencia, Valencian Community (an autonomous community of Spain; in full, Valencian Community)

Valencia (a province of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain)


瓦倫西亞

ㄨㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄨㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˇ

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Borrowed from English Valencia or Catalan València.


華倫西亞

ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˇ

/xu̯ä³⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/xu̯ä³⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waː²¹ lɵn²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/

/xu̯ä³⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/xu̯ä³⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waː²¹ lɵn²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵ aː³³/


畢爾巴鄂

ㄅㄧˋ ㄦˇ ㄅㄚ ㄜˋ

ㄅㄧˋ ㄦˇ ㄅㄚ ㄜˋ

/pi⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ ˀɤ⁵¹/

/pi⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ ˀɤ⁵¹/

(Mainland China) Bilbao (the largest city in the Basque Country, in northern Spain, and capital city of the province of Biscay, Spain)


畢爾包

/pi⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pi⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

(Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan) Bilbao (the largest city in the Basque Country, in northern Spain, and capital city of the province of Biscay, Spain)


安達魯西亞

ㄢ ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄨˇ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄢ ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄨˇ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˇ

/ˀän⁵⁵ tä³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ tä³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀän⁵⁵ tä³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ tä³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


安達盧西亞

ㄢ ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄨˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄢ ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄨˊ ㄒㄧ ㄧㄚˇ

/ˀän⁵⁵ tä³⁵ lu³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ tä³⁵ lu³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀän⁵⁵ tä³⁵ lu³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ tä³⁵ lu³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Andalusia (a historical region and autonomous community in southern Spain, the most populated and second largest of the seventeen autonomous communities that constitute Spain)


巴斯克

/pä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵/


帕爾馬

/pʰä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰaːk̚³ jiː¹³ maː¹³/

/pʰä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰaːk̚³ jiː¹³ maː¹³/


博洛尼亞

ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˇ

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɔːk̚³ lɔːk̚² nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɔːk̚³ lɔːk̚² nei̯²¹ aː³³/


卡利亞里

ㄎㄚˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄧˇ

ㄎㄚˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ ㄌㄧˇ

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ lei̯²² aː³³ lei̯¹³/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ lei̯²² aː³³ lei̯¹³/


克羅托內

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄋㄟˋ

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄋㄟˋ

/kʰɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/


熱那亞

/ʐɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/ʐɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiːt̚² naː²¹ aː³³/

/ziɛt̚⁴⁻³² nã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/

/ʐɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/ʐɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiːt̚² naː²¹ aː³³/

/ziɛt̚⁴⁻³² nã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ a⁴⁴/


拉齊奧

/lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐi̯²¹ ou̯³³/

/lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐi̯²¹ ou̯³³/

administrative region
administrative region

(Mainland China) Lazio (an administrative region of Italy, situated in the central peninsular section of the country with Rome as its capital)


那不勒斯

ㄋㄚˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄜˋ ㄙ

ㄋㄚˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄜˋ ㄙ

/nä⁵¹ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ lɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/naː¹³ pɐt̚⁵ lɐk̚² siː⁵⁵/

/nä⁵¹ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ lɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/naː¹³ pɐt̚⁵ lɐk̚² siː⁵⁵/


巴勒莫

/pä⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ lɐk̚² mɔːk̚²/

/paː⁵⁵ laːk̚² mɔːk̚²/

/pä⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ lɐk̚² mɔːk̚²/

/paː⁵⁵ laːk̚² mɔːk̚²/


佩斯卡拉

ㄆㄟˋ ㄙ ㄎㄚˇ ㄌㄚ

ㄆㄟˋ ㄙ ㄎㄚˇ ㄌㄚ

/pʰeɪ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/pʰeɪ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/


都靈

/tou̯⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹/

/tou̯⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹/


烏迪內

/u⁵⁵ ti³⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/

/u⁵⁵ ti³⁵ neɪ̯⁵¹/


托斯卡納

ㄊㄨㄛ ㄙ ㄎㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ

ㄊㄨㄛ ㄙ ㄎㄚˇ ㄋㄚˋ

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/tʰɔːk̚³ siː⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ naːp̚²/

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/tʰɔːk̚³ siː⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ naːp̚²/

(Mainland China) Tuscany (an administrative region of Italy, located north of Lazio and south of Emilia-Romagna)


撒丁

/sä⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/saːt̚³ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sä⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/saːt̚³ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

(Mainland China) Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


科西嘉

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/fɔː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/fɔː⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

Corsica (an island, department, and administrative region of France, in the Mediterranean to the north of Sardinia)


西西里

/ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi³³ li²¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi³³ li²¹/

Sicily (the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, an autonomous region of Italy, close to Africa and separated from Tunisia and Libya by the Strait of Sicily)


卡塔尼亞

ㄎㄚˇ ㄊㄚˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄎㄚˇ ㄊㄚˇ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˇ

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ tʰaːp̚³ nei̯²¹ aː³³/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ tʰaːp̚³ nei̯²¹ aː³³/


維羅納

ㄨㄟˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄋㄚˋ

ㄨㄟˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄋㄚˋ

/weɪ̯³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ nä⁵¹/

/weɪ̯³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ nä⁵¹/


墨西拿

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ nä³⁵/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵ nä³⁵/


帕多瓦

/pʰä⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰä⁵¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


的里雅斯特

ㄉㄧˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˇ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄉㄧˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˇ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ

/ti³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/ti³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/


拜仁

/paɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/paːi̯³³ jɐn²¹/

/paɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/paːi̯³³ jɐn²¹/

Borrowed from German Bayern, via Cantonese.

(～州) Bavaria (a historic region, former duchy, former kingdom, and modern state of Germany; the modern state includes parts of historical Swabia and Franconia as well as historical Bavaria)


奧格斯堡

ㄠˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄙ ㄅㄠˇ

ㄠˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄙ ㄅㄠˇ

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ kɤ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ kɤ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


勒沃庫森

ㄌㄜˋ ㄨㄛˋ ㄎㄨˋ ㄙㄣ

ㄌㄜˋ ㄨㄛˋ ㄎㄨˋ ㄙㄣ

/lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ wɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰu⁵¹ sən⁵⁵/

/lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ wɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰu⁵¹ sən⁵⁵/


多特蒙德

ㄉㄨㄛ ㄊㄜˋ ㄇㄥˊ ㄉㄜˊ

ㄉㄨㄛ ㄊㄜˋ ㄇㄥˊ ㄉㄜˊ

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ mɤŋ³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ mɤŋ³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Dortmund (a major city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany)


門興格拉德巴赫

ㄇㄣˊ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄜˊ ㄅㄚ ㄏㄜˋ

ㄇㄣˊ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄜˊ ㄅㄚ ㄏㄜˋ

Мэньсингэладэбахэ

/mən³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ pä⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹/

/mən³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ pä⁵⁵ xɤ⁵¹/


達姆施塔特

ㄉㄚˊ ㄇㄨˇ ㄕ ㄊㄚˇ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄉㄚˊ ㄇㄨˇ ㄕ ㄊㄚˇ ㄊㄜˋ

/tä³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/tä³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/

Darmstadt (an independent city in Hesse, Germany; the administrative seat of Darmstadt-Dieburg district)


法蘭克福

ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄈㄨˊ

ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄈㄨˊ

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ fu³⁵/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ fu³⁵/

Frankfurt, Frankfurt-am-Main (the largest city in Hesse, in central Germany)

Frankfurt, Frankfurt-an-der-Oder (a sizable town in Brandenburg, in eastern Germany)

Frankfort (a city, the state capital of Kentucky, United States)


弗賴堡

/fu³⁵ laɪ̯⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fu³⁵ laɪ̯⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


因戈爾施塔特

ㄧㄣ ㄍㄜ ㄦˇ ㄕ ㄊㄚˇ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄧㄣ ㄍㄜ ㄦˇ ㄕ ㄊㄚˇ ㄊㄜˋ

Иньгээршитатэ

/in⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/


萊比錫

/laɪ̯³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/laɪ̯³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi³⁵/

/lɔːi̯²¹ pei̯³⁵ sɛːk̚³/

/laɪ̯³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/laɪ̯³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi³⁵/

/lɔːi̯²¹ pei̯³⁵ sɛːk̚³/


美因茨

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

Mainz (a city, the state capital of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the River Rhine)


不來梅

/pu⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ meɪ̯³⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ lɔːi̯²¹ muːi̯²¹/

/pu⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ meɪ̯³⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ lɔːi̯²¹ muːi̯²¹/

(Mainland China) Bremen (the capital city of the state of Bremen, Germany)

(～州) (Mainland China) Bremen (a state of Germany)


沃爾夫斯堡

ㄨㄛˋ ㄦˇ ㄈㄨ ㄙ ㄅㄠˇ

ㄨㄛˋ ㄦˇ ㄈㄨ ㄙ ㄅㄠˇ

/wɔ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


杜塞爾多夫

ㄉㄨˋ ㄙㄞˋ ㄦˇ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄈㄨ

ㄉㄨˋ ㄙㄞˋ ㄦˇ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄈㄨ

/tu⁵¹⁻⁵³ saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/

/tu⁵¹⁻⁵³ saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/


卡爾斯魯厄

ㄎㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄙ ㄌㄨˇ ㄜˋ

ㄎㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄙ ㄌㄨˇ ㄜˋ

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤ⁵¹/


紐倫堡

ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄅㄠˇ

ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄅㄠˇ

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɐu̯³⁵ lɵn²¹ pou̯³⁵/

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɐu̯³⁵ lɵn²¹ pou̯³⁵/

Nuremberg (a major city in Bavaria, Germany)


斯圖加特

ㄙ ㄊㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄙ ㄊㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄊㄜˋ

/sz̩⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

Stuttgart (the capital and largest city of Baden-Württemberg, Germany)


波鴻

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ xʊŋ³⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ xʊŋ³⁵/

Bochum (a city in Ruhrgebiet, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


漢諾威

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ nu̯ɔ⁵¹ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/hɔːn³³ nɔːk̚² wɐi̯⁵⁵/

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ nu̯ɔ⁵¹ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/hɔːn³³ nɔːk̚² wɐi̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Hanover (the capital city of Lower Saxony, Germany)


不倫瑞克

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄖㄨㄟˋ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄖㄨㄟˋ ㄎㄜˋ

/pu⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵ ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/pu⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵ ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/


德累斯頓

ㄉㄜˊ ㄌㄟˇ ㄙ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

ㄉㄜˊ ㄌㄟˇ ㄙ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

/tɤ³⁵ leɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/tɤ³⁵ leɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/


美因河畔法蘭克福

ㄇㄟˇ ㄧㄣ ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄢˋ ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄈㄨˊ

ㄇㄟˇ ㄧㄣ ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄢˋ ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄈㄨˊ

Мэйиньхэпань Фаланькэфу

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ pʰän⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ fu³⁵/


美茵河畔法蘭克福

ㄇㄟˇ ㄧㄣ ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄢˋ ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄈㄨˊ

ㄇㄟˇ ㄧㄣ ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄢˋ ㄈㄚˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄈㄨˊ

Мэйиньхэпань Фаланькэфу


埃森

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ sən⁵⁵/

Essen (a major industrial city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany)


杜伊斯堡

/tu⁵¹ i⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tu⁵¹ i⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Duisburg (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


伍珀塔爾

ㄨˇ ㄆㄛˋ ㄊㄚˇ ㄦˇ

ㄨˇ ㄆㄛˋ ㄊㄚˇ ㄦˇ

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ tʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


波恩

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ˀən⁵⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ jɐn⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ˀən⁵⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ jɐn⁵⁵/

Bonn (an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the Rhine River; the former capital of West Germany and (until 1999) seat of government of unified Germany)


里昂

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɑŋ³⁵/

/lei̯¹³ ŋɔːŋ²¹/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɑŋ³⁵/

/lei̯¹³ ŋɔːŋ²¹/

Lyon, Lyons (the capital city of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


里爾

/li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Lille (the capital city of Nord department, France; the capital city of the region of Hauts-de-France)


里爾

/li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Rhyl (a seaside resort town and community in Denbighshire, Wales)


聖艾蒂安

ㄕㄥˋ ㄞˋ ㄉㄧˋ ㄢ

ㄕㄥˋ ㄞˋ ㄉㄧˋ ㄢ

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/


卡昂

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɑŋ³⁵/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɑŋ³⁵/

Caen (a city in Calvados department, Normandy, France)


雷恩

/leɪ̯³⁵ ˀən⁵⁵/

/lɵy̯²¹ jɐn⁵⁵/

/leɪ̯³⁵ ˀən⁵⁵/

/lɵy̯²¹ jɐn⁵⁵/


安格斯

/ˀän⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kaːk̚³ siː⁵⁵/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ keʔ²⁻⁴ su³³/

/ˀän⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kaːk̚³ siː⁵⁵/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ keʔ²⁻⁴ su³³/


巴斯蒂亞

ㄅㄚ ㄙ ㄉㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄅㄚ ㄙ ㄉㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ

/pä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/pä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ ti⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/pä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ ti⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


波爾多

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ jiː¹³ tɔː⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ jiː¹³ tɔː⁵⁵/

Bordeaux (the capital city of Gironde department, France; the capital city of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine)


蒙彼利埃

ㄇㄥˊ ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄞ

ㄇㄥˊ ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄞ

/mɤŋ³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵/

/mɤŋ³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵/

Montpellier (a large city, the prefecture of Hérault department, Occitania, France)

(Mainland China) Montpelier (a city, the state capital of Vermont, United States)


南特

/nän³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/


洛里昂

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɑŋ³⁵/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɑŋ³⁵/


圖盧茲

/tʰu³⁵ lu³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/tʰou̯²¹ lou̯²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/tʰu³⁵ lu³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/tʰou̯²¹ lou̯²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Toulouse (the capital city of Haute-Garonne department and of the larger Occitania region, France)


南錫

/nän³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/nän³⁵ ɕi³⁵/

/nän³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/nän³⁵ ɕi³⁵/


梅斯

/meɪ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/meɪ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/

Metz (the capital city of Moselle department, France)


斯特拉斯堡

ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄚ ㄙ ㄅㄠˇ

ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄚ ㄙ ㄅㄠˇ

/sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ tɐk̚² laːi̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵/

/sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː⁵⁵ tɐk̚² laːi̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Strasbourg (the capital city of Bas-Rhin department, France; the capital city of the region of Grand Est)


勒阿弗爾

ㄌㄜˋ ㄚ ㄈㄨˊ ㄦˇ

ㄌㄜˋ ㄚ ㄈㄨˊ ㄦˇ

/lɤ⁵¹ ˀä⁵⁵ fu³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɤ⁵¹ ˀä⁵⁵ fu³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


蘭斯

/län³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/län³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/


土倫

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵/


格勒諾布爾

ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄜˋ ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄦˇ

ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄜˋ ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄦˇ

/kɤ³⁵ lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ nu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Grenoble (a commune in the French Alps in Isère department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


昂熱

/ˀɑŋ³⁵ ʐɤ⁵¹/

/ˀɑŋ³⁵ ʐɤ⁵¹/

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English

Angers (a city, the capital of Maine-et-Loire department, Pays de la Loire, France)


布雷斯特

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄟˊ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄟˊ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ

/pu⁵¹ leɪ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/pu⁵¹ leɪ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/


勒芒

/lɤ⁵¹ mɑŋ³⁵/

/lɤ⁵¹ mɑŋ³⁵/


克萊蒙費朗

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄞˊ ㄇㄥˊ ㄈㄟˋ ㄌㄤˇ

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄞˊ ㄇㄥˊ ㄈㄟˋ ㄌㄤˇ

Кэлаймэнфэйлан

/kʰɤ⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵ feɪ̯⁵¹ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


亞眠

/jä⁵¹ mi̯ɛn³⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi̯ɛn³⁵/

/jä⁵¹ mi̯ɛn³⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi̯ɛn³⁵/

Amiens (the capital city of Somme department, Hauts-de-France region, France)


伯恩茅斯

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀən⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀən⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/


伯恩利

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀən⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀən⁵⁵ li⁵¹/


水晶宮

ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄍㄨㄥ

ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄍㄨㄥ

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sɵy̯³⁵ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sɵy̯³⁵ t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/


赫爾

/xɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


赫爾

/xɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


赫爾

/xɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


赫爾

/xɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


赫爾河畔金斯頓

ㄏㄜˋ ㄦˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄙ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

ㄏㄜˋ ㄦˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄙ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

Хээр Хэпань Цзиньсыдунь

/xɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵ pʰän⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/


侯城

/xoʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/hɐu̯²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/xoʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/hɐu̯²¹ sɪŋ²¹/


赫爾河畔京斯頓

ㄏㄜˋ ㄦˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄙ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

ㄏㄜˋ ㄦˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄙ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

Хээрхэпань Цзинсыдунь

/xɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵ pʰän⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

Kingston upon Hull
Kingston upon Hull#English


萊斯特

/laɪ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/laɪ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/


利物浦

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lei̯²² mɐt̚² pʰou̯³⁵/

/li²² vəʔ⁵⁵ pu²¹/

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lei̯²² mɐt̚² pʰou̯³⁵/

/li²² vəʔ⁵⁵ pu²¹/

From English Liverpool, possibly via Shanghainese.
浦 (pǔ) may be a phono-semantic matching of English -pool.

psm

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

Liverpool (a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England)


米德爾斯堡

ㄇㄧˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄦˇ ㄙ ㄅㄠˇ

ㄇㄧˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄦˇ ㄙ ㄅㄠˇ

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐi̯¹³ tɐk̚⁵ jiː¹³ siː⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ tɐk̚⁵ jiː¹³ siː⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵/


南安普頓

ㄋㄢˊ ㄢ ㄆㄨˇ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

ㄋㄢˊ ㄢ ㄆㄨˇ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

Наньаньпудунь

/nän³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ən⁵¹/


斯托克城

ㄙ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄎㄜˋ ㄔㄥˊ

ㄙ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄎㄜˋ ㄔㄥˊ

/sz̩⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sz̩⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

特伦特河畔斯托克 特伦特河畔斯托克#Chinese

Alternative name for 特伦特河畔斯托克 (“Stoke”).


特倫特河畔斯托克

ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄊㄜˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄢˋ ㄙ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄊㄜˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄢˋ ㄙ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄎㄜˋ

Тэлуньтэхэпань Сытокэ

/tʰɤ⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵ pʰän⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/


桑德蘭

/sɑŋ⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ län³⁵/

/sɔːŋ⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ laːn²¹/

/sɑŋ⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ län³⁵/

/sɔːŋ⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ laːn²¹/


斯旺西

/sz̩⁵⁵ wɑŋ⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²² sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/sz̩⁵⁵ wɑŋ⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²² sɐi̯⁵⁵/


沃特福德

ㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄈㄨˊ ㄉㄜˊ

ㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄈㄨˊ ㄉㄜˊ

/wɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹ fu³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/wɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹ fu³⁵ tɤ³⁵/


西布羅米奇

ㄒㄧ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄧˇ ㄑㄧˊ

ㄒㄧ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄧˇ ㄑㄧˊ

/ɕi⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ pou̯³³ lɔː²¹ mɐi̯¹³ kʰei̯²¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ pou̯³³ lɔː²¹ mɐi̯¹³ kʰei̯²¹/


西布羅姆維奇

ㄒㄧ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄨˇ ㄨㄟˊ ㄑㄧˊ

ㄒㄧ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄨˇ ㄨㄟˊ ㄑㄧˊ

Сибуломувэйци

/ɕi⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ pou̯³³ lɔː²¹ mou̯¹³ wɐi̯²¹ kʰei̯²¹/


布里斯托

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄙ ㄊㄨㄛ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄙ ㄊㄨㄛ

/pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/pou̯³³ lei̯¹³ siː⁵⁵ tʰɔːk̚³/

/pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/pou̯³³ lei̯¹³ siː⁵⁵ tʰɔːk̚³/

(Taiwan, Hong Kong) Bristol (a city, county, and unitary authority in southwest England)


切斯特

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/


考文垂

ㄎㄠˇ ㄨㄣˊ ㄔㄨㄟˊ

ㄎㄠˇ ㄨㄣˊ ㄔㄨㄟˊ

/kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

Coventry (an industrial city and metropolitan borough of the West Midlands, in central England)


奇切斯特

ㄑㄧˊ ㄑㄧㄝˋ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄑㄧˊ ㄑㄧㄝˋ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/


達勒姆

/tä³⁵ lɤ⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tä³⁵ lɤ⁵¹ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


埃克塞特

ㄞ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙㄞˋ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄞ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙㄞˋ ㄊㄜˋ

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/


赫爾河畔京士頓

ㄏㄜˋ ㄦˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕˋ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

ㄏㄜˋ ㄦˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄕˋ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

Хээр Хэпань Цзиншидунь

/xɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵ pʰän⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu̯ən⁵¹/


蘭卡斯特

ㄌㄢˊ ㄎㄚˇ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄌㄢˊ ㄎㄚˇ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ

/län³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/laːn²¹ kʰaː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/

/län³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/laːn²¹ kʰaː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/


利奇菲爾德

ㄌㄧˋ ㄑㄧˊ ㄈㄟ ㄦˇ ㄉㄜˊ

ㄌㄧˋ ㄑㄧˊ ㄈㄟ ㄦˇ ㄉㄜˊ

/li⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵/

/lei̯²² kʰei̯²¹ fei̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³ tɐk̚⁵/

/li⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵/

/lei̯²² kʰei̯²¹ fei̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³ tɐk̚⁵/


泰恩河畔紐卡素

ㄊㄞˋ ㄣ ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄢˋ ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄎㄚˇ ㄙㄨˋ

Tài'ēn Hépàn Niǔkǎsù [Phonetic:tàiēnhépànniúkǎsù]

ㄊㄞˋ ㄣ ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄢˋ ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄎㄚˇ ㄙㄨˋ

Тайэнь Хэпань Нюкасу

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ˀən⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ pʰän⁵¹ ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ su⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ jɐn⁵⁵ hɔː²¹ puːn²² nɐu̯¹³ kʰaː⁵⁵ sou̯³³/

Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne#English:_Q1425428

(Hong Kong, Macau) Newcastle upon Tyne (a large city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in northeastern England)


紐卡素

ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄎㄚˇ ㄙㄨˋ

ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄎㄚˇ ㄙㄨˋ

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ su⁵¹/

/nɐu̯¹³ kʰaː⁵⁵ sou̯³³/

/nɐu̯³⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ sou̯³³/

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ su⁵¹/

/nɐu̯¹³ kʰaː⁵⁵ sou̯³³/

/nɐu̯³⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ sou̯³³/

Newcastle (a large city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in northeastern England)

Newcastle (a large city in New South Wales, Australia, situated at the mouth of the Hunter River)

Newcastle (a large city in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa)

Newcastle (a large market town in Staffordshire, England)


諾里奇

ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄑㄧˊ

ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄑㄧˊ

/nu̯ɔ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/nɔːk̚² lei̯¹³ kʰei̯²¹/

/nu̯ɔ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/nɔːk̚² lei̯¹³ kʰei̯²¹/


普利茅斯

ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄇㄠˊ ㄙ

ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄇㄠˊ ㄙ

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ mɑʊ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ lei̯²² maːu̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ mɑʊ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ lei̯²² maːu̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/


里彭

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵/

/lei̯¹³ pʰaːŋ²¹/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵/

/lei̯¹³ pʰaːŋ²¹/


謝菲爾德

ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄈㄟ ㄦˇ ㄉㄜˊ

ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄈㄟ ㄦˇ ㄉㄜˊ

/ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ feɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵/

/t͡sɛː²² fei̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³ tɐk̚⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ feɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵/

/t͡sɛː²² fei̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³ tɐk̚⁵/

(Mainland China) Sheffield (a city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom)


南安普敦

ㄋㄢˊ ㄢ ㄆㄨˇ ㄉㄨㄣ

ㄋㄢˊ ㄢ ㄆㄨˇ ㄉㄨㄣ

Наньаньпудунь

/nän³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵ pʰou̯³⁵ tɵn²²/

/nän³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵ pʰou̯³⁵ tɵn²²/

Southampton (a city in England, United Kingdom)


伍斯特

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ siː⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ siː⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/


阿馬

/ˀä⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ maː¹³/

/ˀä⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ maː¹³/


貝爾法斯特

ㄅㄟˋ ㄦˇ ㄈㄚˇ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄅㄟˋ ㄦˇ ㄈㄚˇ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ

/peɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/puːi̯³³ jiː¹³ faːt̚³ siː⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/

/peɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/puːi̯³³ jiː¹³ faːt̚³ siː⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/


倫敦德里

ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄉㄨㄣ ㄉㄜˊ ㄌㄧˇ

ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄉㄨㄣ ㄉㄜˊ ㄌㄧˇ

Луньдуньдэли

/lu̯ən³⁵ tu̯ən⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵn²¹ tɵn⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ lei̯¹³/

/lu̯ən³⁵ tu̯ən⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵn²¹ tɵn⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ lei̯¹³/


利斯本

/li⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


紐里

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɐu̯¹³ lei̯¹³/

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɐu̯¹³ lei̯¹³/


鴨巴甸

/jä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/aːp̚³ paː⁵⁵ tiːn⁵⁵/

/jä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/aːp̚³ paː⁵⁵ tiːn⁵⁵/

(chiefly Cantonese) Transliteration of Aberdeen:

(Hong Kong, Macau) Aberdeen (a city in Scotland)

Transliteration of Aberdeen:
Aberdeen (a city in Scotland)

Hong Kong Island
Hong Kong Island#English

(Hong Kong) Aberdeen (a town and harbour in Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong), now known as 香港仔 (hoeng¹ gong² zai²)


阿伯丁

/ˀä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/aː³³ paːk̚³ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/aː³³ paːk̚³ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

(Mainland China) Aberdeen (a city in Scotland)


愛丁堡

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ tiŋ⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɔːi̯³³ tɪŋ⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵/

/ai²¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾liŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mo³³/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tiɪŋ³³ po⁵⁵⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/ai¹¹⁻⁵³ tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ po⁵³/

/ai²¹⁻⁴¹ tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pɤ⁴¹/

/e³³ tin⁵⁵ pɔ²¹/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ tiŋ⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɔːi̯³³ tɪŋ⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵/

/ai²¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾liŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mo³³/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tiɪŋ³³ po⁵⁵⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/ai¹¹⁻⁵³ tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ po⁵³/

/ai²¹⁻⁴¹ tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pɤ⁴¹/

/e³³ tin⁵⁵ pɔ²¹/

Partial phono-semantic matching of English Edinburgh.


格拉斯哥

/kɤ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/kaːk̚³ laːi̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kɤ⁵⁵/

/kaːk̚³ laːi̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ kɔː⁵⁵/

Glasgow (a major city and council area of Scotland, largest city in Scotland)


卡迪夫

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti³⁵ fu⁵⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ tɪk̚² fuː²¹/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti³⁵ fu⁵⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ tɪk̚² fuː²¹/


紐波特

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/nɐu̯¹³ pɔː⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/nɐu̯¹³ pɔː⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/


威斯敏斯特

ㄨㄟ ㄙ ㄇㄧㄣˇ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄨㄟ ㄙ ㄇㄧㄣˇ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ

Вэйсыминьсытэ

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ min²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ mɐn¹³ siː⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ min²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ mɐn¹³ siː⁵⁵ tɐk̚²/


阿里山

/ˀä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/aː³³ lei̯¹³ saːn⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ san⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ san⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ san⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/ˀä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/aː³³ lei̯¹³ saːn⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ san⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ san⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ san⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

(～鄉) Alishan (a mountain indigenous township in Chiayi County, Taiwan)


玉山

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² san⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚²⁴⁻² san³³/

/ɡiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ san⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² san⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² san⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² san⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚²⁴⁻² san³³/

/ɡiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ san⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² san⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² san⁴⁴/

(～縣) Yushan (a county of Jiangxi, China)

(～鎮) Yushan (a town in Lantian, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China)


巴伐利亞

ㄅㄚ ㄈㄚˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄅㄚ ㄈㄚˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ

ㄅㄚ ㄈㄚ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄅㄚ ㄈㄚ ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄚˇ

/pä⁵⁵ fä³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/pä⁵⁵ fä³⁵ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pä⁵⁵ fä⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/pä⁵⁵ fä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ fɐt̚² lei̯²² aː³³/

/pä⁵⁵ fä³⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/pä⁵⁵ fä³⁵ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pä⁵⁵ fä⁵⁵ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/pä⁵⁵ fä⁵⁵ li⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ fɐt̚² lei̯²² aː³³/


紐卡斯爾

ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄎㄚˇ ㄙ ㄦˇ

ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄎㄚˇ ㄙ ㄦˇ

/ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɐu̯¹³ kʰaː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/nɐu̯¹³ kʰaː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ jiː¹³/


不丹王國

ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

Будань Ванго

/pu⁵¹ tän⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ taːn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/pu⁵¹ tän⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/pɐt̚⁵ taːn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

Kingdom of Bhutan
Kingdom of Bhutan#English:_Q917

Kingdom of Bhutan (official name of Bhutan: a country in South Asia)


亞東

/jä⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/aː³³ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/jä⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/aː³³ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

(～縣) Yadong (a county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


雪城

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/syːt̚³ sɪŋ²¹/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/syːt̚³ sɪŋ²¹/

Syracuse (a city, the county seat of Onondaga County, New York)


香港仔

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/


安山

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/


安養

/ˀän⁵⁵ jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ¹³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ⁴¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ⁵³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ iaŋ⁴¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ iaŋ⁵³/

/ˀän⁵⁵ jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ¹³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ⁴¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ⁵³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ iaŋ⁴¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ iaŋ⁵³/

(～市) Anyang (a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea)


高陽

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Gaoyang (a county of Baoding, Hebei, China)

(～鎮) Gaoyang (a town in Shayang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


九里

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐu̯³⁵ lei̯¹³/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐu̯³⁵ lei̯¹³/

(～鄉) Jiuli (a township in Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China)

(～村) Jiuli (a village in Maoping, Zigui, Yichang, Hubei, China)


華城

/xu̯ä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/waː²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/xu̯ä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/waː²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

(～市) Hwaseong (a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea)


坡州

/pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Paju (a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea)


龍仁

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/

(～市) Yongin (a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea)


春川

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 춘천 (春川, Chuncheon).

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

春川雞

春川鸡


全州

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Jeonju (the capital city of North Jeolla Province, South Korea)

(～縣) Quanzhou County (a county of Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


南原

/nän³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/nän³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/


木浦

/mu⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mʊk̚² pʰou̯³⁵/

/mu⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mʊk̚² pʰou̯³⁵/

(～市) Mokpo (a city in South Jeolla Province, South Korea)


羅州

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lɔː²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lɔː²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/


光陽

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 광양(光陽) (Gwang'yang).


慶州

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/hɪŋ³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/hɪŋ³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/


金泉

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹/


龜尾

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ mei̯¹³/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ mei̯¹³/

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 구미(龜尾) (Gumi).


安東

→ English: Antung

/ˀän⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/ˀän⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

(～省) (historical) Andong (a former province of China)


馬山

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

South Gyeongsang
South Gyeongsang#English

(～市) Masan (an administrative region of Changwon, South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)

(～縣) Mashan County (a county of the Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Mashan (a town in Jingzhou district, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


金海

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐm⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐm⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/


公州

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/


西歸浦

/ɕi⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ pʰou̯³⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ pʰou̯³⁵/

(～市) Seogwipo (a city in Jeju Province, South Korea)


清州

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/


浦項

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/pʰou̯³⁵ hɔːŋ²²/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/pʰou̯³⁵ hɔːŋ²²/

North Gyeongsang
North Gyeongsang#English

(～市) Pohang (a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)


花剌子模

ㄏㄨㄚ ㄌㄚˋ ㄗˇ ㄇㄛˊ

ㄏㄨㄚ ㄌㄚˋ ㄗˇ ㄇㄛˊ

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ laːt̚² t͡siː³⁵ mou̯²¹/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ³⁵/

/faː⁵⁵ laːt̚² t͡siː³⁵ mou̯²¹/

Possibly from Persian خوارزم (xwârazm, “Chorasmia”).

Chorasmia, Khwarazm (a large oasis geographical region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia; currently split politically between Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan)


格但斯克

ㄍㄜˊ ㄉㄢˋ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄍㄜˊ ㄉㄢˋ ㄙ ㄎㄜˋ

/kɤ³⁵ tän⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/kaːk̚³ taːn²² siː⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ tän⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/kaːk̚³ taːn²² siː⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵/

Pomeranian Voivodeship
Pomeranian Voivodeship#English

Gdańsk (the capital city of Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)


加里寧格勒

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧˇ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄜˋ

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧˇ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄜˋ

Цзялинингэлэ

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵ kɤ³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ nɪŋ²¹ kaːk̚³ lɐk̚²/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵ kɤ³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ nɪŋ²¹ kaːk̚³ lɐk̚²/

Kaliningrad (a city, the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)


大不里士

ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄕˋ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄕˋ

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² pɐt̚⁵ lei̯¹³ siː²²/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² pɐt̚⁵ lei̯¹³ siː²²/

(chiefly Mainland China) Tabriz (a city in Iran)


海參崴

desc

→ English: Haishenwai, Haishenwei, Hai-shen-wei

→ Russian: Хайшэньвэй (Xajšɛnʹvɛj)

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən⁵⁵ waɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ sɐm⁵⁵ wɐi̯⁵⁵/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən⁵⁵ waɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ sɐm⁵⁵ wɐi̯⁵⁵/

Russian Far East
Russian Far East#English

Vladivostok (a city and seaport, the administrative centre of the Russian Far East, on the Sea of Japan, near North Korea; the administrative centre of Primorsky Krai)


沙加緬度

ㄕㄚ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄉㄨㄛˊ

ㄕㄚ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄉㄨㄛˊ

/ʂä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ miːn¹³ tou̯²²/

/ʂä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ miːn¹³ tou̯²²/

(US, Cantonese, Taiwan) Sacramento (a city, the state capital of California, United States)


伯力

→ English: Boli

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹/

Borrowed from Manchu ᠪᠣᡥᠣᡵᡳ (bohori). Doublet of 勃利 (Bólì)

Khabarovsk (a city, the administrative center of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia)


海蘭泡

→ English: Hailanpao

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ pʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ pʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Manchu ᡥᠠᡳᠯᠠᠨ
ᠪᠣᠣ (hailan boo, “house (under the) elm tree”).

bor

Blagoveshchensk (a city, the administrative center of Amur Oblast in Siberia, Russia)


廟街

/mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

Calque of Manchu ᠮᡳᡟᠣᠣ
ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ (miyoo gašan), literally “temple village”.

calque

廟街事件／庙街事件

Nikolayevsk-on-Amur (a town in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, on the Amur River)

尼古拉耶夫斯克

Nígǔlāyēfūsīkè


廟街

/mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/miːu̯²² kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/miːu̯²²⁻³⁵ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/miːu̯²² kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/miːu̯²²⁻³⁵ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

Named for the Tin Hau Temple Complex nearby.

Temple Street
w:Temple Street, Hong Kong

Temple Street (a street in Yau Ma Tei district, Hong Kong known for its night market)


暹粒

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːm³³ nɐp̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiːm³³ lɐp̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiːm¹³ nɐp̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiːm¹³ lɐp̚⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːm³³ nɐp̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiːm³³ lɐp̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiːm¹³ nɐp̚⁵/

/t͡sʰiːm¹³ lɐp̚⁵/

(～市) Siem Reap (a city, the capital city of Siem Reap, Cambodia)


巨港

/t͡ɕy⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɵy̯²² kɔːŋ³⁵/

/ki³³⁻²¹ kaŋ⁴¹/

/ku³³⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁵³/

/t͡ɕy⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɵy̯²² kɔːŋ³⁵/

/ki³³⁻²¹ kaŋ⁴¹/

/ku³³⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁵³/

From earlier 舊港／旧港 (Jiùgǎng, “old harbour”).

Palembang (a city, the provincial capital of South Sumatra, Indonesia)


湄南河

/meɪ̯³⁵ nän³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/mei̯²¹ naːm²¹ hɔː²¹/

/meɪ̯³⁵ nän³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/mei̯²¹ naːm²¹ hɔː²¹/

湄南 is from Thai แม่น้ำ (mɛ̂ɛ-náam, “river”).


琅勃拉邦

ㄌㄤˊ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄤ

ㄌㄤˊ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄤ

/lɑŋ³⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lɑŋ³⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Lao ຫຼວງພຣະບາງ (lūang phra bāng).

Luang Prabang (the capital of Luang Prabang Province, Laos)


瀾滄江

Ланьцан Цзян

/län³⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/laːn²¹ t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/län³⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/laːn²¹ t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Possibly named after the Lao kingdom of Lan Xang (瀾滄 /澜沧 (Láncāng)); see 瀾滄／澜沧 (Láncāng) for more.

zh-l

瀾滄／澜沧 (Láncāng)


新斯科舍

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄙ ㄎㄜ ㄕㄜˋ

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄙ ㄎㄜ ㄕㄜˋ

/ɕin⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/

(～省) (Mainland China) Nova Scotia (a province in eastern Canada)


奉天

/fɤŋ⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/fʊŋ²² tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/fʊŋ²² tʰiːn⁵⁵/

(～省) (historical) Fengtian (a former province of China, covering present-day Liaoning)


斯普林菲爾德

ㄙ ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄈㄟ ㄦˇ ㄉㄜˊ

ㄙ ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄈㄟ ㄦˇ ㄉㄜˊ

Сыпулиньфэйэрдэ

/sz̩⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ pʰou̯³⁵ lɐm²¹ fei̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³ tɐk̚⁵/


多瑙河

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ nɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ nou̯¹³ hɔː²¹/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ nɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ nou̯¹³ hɔː²¹/


香格里拉

ㄒㄧㄤ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄚ

ㄒㄧㄤ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄚ

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ kaːk̚³ lei̯¹³ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ kaːk̚³ lei̯¹³ laːi̯⁵⁵/

Borrowed from English Shangri-La; compare 香巴拉 (Xiāngbālā, “Shambala”).

(～市) Shangri-La City (a county-level city of Diqing prefecture, Yunnan, China)

(～鎮) Xianggelila (a town in Daocheng, Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


戛納

/t͡ɕi̯ä³⁵ nä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä³⁵ nä⁵¹/


林雪平

ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ

ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ

/lin³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/lin³⁵ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

Linköping (a city in Östergötland, Sweden)


琉森

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ sɐm⁵⁵/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ sɐm⁵⁵/


大英

/taːi̯²² jɪŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² jɪŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Daying County (a county of Sichuan, China)


加沙走廊

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄕㄚ ㄗㄡˇ ㄌㄤˊ

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄕㄚ ㄗㄡˇ ㄌㄤˊ

Цзяша Цзоулан

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑŋ³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯³⁵ lɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑŋ³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯³⁵ lɔːŋ²¹/

(chiefly Hong Kong) Gaza Strip (a region in Palestine between Egypt and Israel)


巴比倫

/pä⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ pei̯³⁵ lɵn²¹/

/pa⁵⁵⁻²¹ pi³³⁻²¹ l̃uŋ⁵³/

/pa⁵³³⁻¹¹ pi⁴⁵³⁻¹³ lɔŋ¹³/

ba¹ bi³ luong² [Phonetic:ba⁵ bi¹ luong²]

/pa⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ pi³³²⁻⁵⁵ luoŋ²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²⁴/

/pa³³ pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun¹³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun²³/

/pa³³⁻²³ pi⁵²⁻³⁵ luŋ⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ pei̯³⁵ lɵn²¹/

/pa⁵⁵⁻²¹ pi³³⁻²¹ l̃uŋ⁵³/

/pa⁵³³⁻¹¹ pi⁴⁵³⁻¹³ lɔŋ¹³/

/pa⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ pi³³²⁻⁵⁵ luoŋ²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²⁴/

/pa³³ pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun¹³/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun²³/

/pa³³⁻²³ pi⁵²⁻³⁵ luŋ⁵⁵/

(historical) Babylon (an ancient city, the ancient capital of Babylonia in modern Iraq, built on the banks of the Euphrates)


兩河流域

ㄌㄧㄤˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄩˋ

ㄌㄧㄤˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄩˋ

/li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵ y⁵¹/

/lœːŋ¹³ hɔː²¹ lɐu̯²¹ wɪk̚²/

/li̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵ y⁵¹/

/lœːŋ¹³ hɔː²¹ lɐu̯²¹ wɪk̚²/

(historical) Mesopotamia (a geographic region in southwest Asia, spanning from the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, located in modern Iraq, eastern Syria, and southeast Turkey; the site of one of the most ancient civilizations in the history of man)

(historical) Mesopotamia (a former province of the Roman Empire, existing from 116 to 117 AD and again from 198 to 637 AD)


蘇美爾

/su⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/su⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Sumer (a historical region occupied by the earliest known ancient civilization of the ancient Near East (4th to 3rd millennia BC), located in lower Mesopotamia in modern southern Iraq)


亞述

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵¹/

/aː³³ sɵt̚²/

/a³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾luʔ⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² sut̚⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² sut̚¹²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ sut̚⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ sut̚⁴/

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵¹/

/aː³³ sɵt̚²/

/a³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾luʔ⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² sut̚⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² sut̚¹²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ sut̚⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ sut̚⁴/

(historical) Assyria (an ancient Semitic Akkadian kingdom and at times an empire, extant from the mid-23rd century BCE to 608 BCE and centred on the Upper Tigris river in northern Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq, but at its maximum extent including parts of modern Iran, Syria, Israel, Palestine and Egypt))


加里曼丹

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧˇ ㄇㄢˋ ㄉㄢ

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧˇ ㄇㄢˋ ㄉㄢ

Цзялиманьдань

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ män⁵¹ tän⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ män⁵¹ tän⁵⁵/


瀾滄拉祜族自治縣

ㄌㄢˊ ㄘㄤ ㄌㄚ ㄏㄨˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

ㄌㄢˊ ㄘㄤ ㄌㄚ ㄏㄨˋ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

Ланьцан Лахуцзу Цзычжисянь

/län³⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ xu⁵¹ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/


瀾滄

/län³⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/laːn²¹ t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/län³⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/laːn²¹ t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Lao ລ້ານຊ້າງ (lān sāng, “Lan Xang”, literally “million elephants”). Compare Thai ล้านช้าง (láan-cháang).

bor

～拉祜族自治縣 瀾滄拉祜族自治縣#Chinese

Lancang Lahu Autonomous County
w:Lancang Lahu Autonomous County

(～拉祜族自治縣, ～縣) Lancang Lahu Autonomous County (an autonomous county of Pu'er, Yunnan, China)


呵叻

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/hɔː⁵⁵ lɪk̚⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/hɔː⁵⁵ lɪk̚⁵/

Borrowed from Thai โคราช (koo-râat), via Teochew.

Nakhon Ratchasima
Nakhon Ratchasima#English

Nakhon Ratchasima, Khorat (a city in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand)

(～府) Nakhon Ratchasima, Khorat (a province of Thailand)


芭達亞

/pä⁵⁵ tä³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/pä⁵⁵ tä³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pä⁵⁵ tä³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/pä⁵⁵ tä³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


芭堤雅

/pä⁵⁵ ti⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pä⁵⁵ tʰi³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ tʰɐi̯²¹ ŋaː¹³/

/pä⁵⁵ ti⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pä⁵⁵ tʰi³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ tʰɐi̯²¹ ŋaː¹³/


普吉

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ kɐt̚⁵/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ kɐt̚⁵/

(～市) Phuket (the capital of Phuket Province, Thailand)


布吉

/pu⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/pu⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

First appeared in the name of the Buji train station, opened in 1911; from 布隔, the name of a village, in turn from 莆隔, the earlier name.

(～街道) Buji (a subdistrict of Longgang district, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China)


素可泰

/su⁵¹ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/sou̯³³ hɔː³⁵ tʰaːi̯³³/

/su⁵¹ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/sou̯³³ hɔː³⁵ tʰaːi̯³³/

Borrowed from Thai สุโขทัย (sù-kǒo-tai), via Teochew.

(～市) Sukhothai, Sukhothai Thani (a city, the capital of Sukhothai Province, Thailand)


合艾

/xɤ³⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

/hɐp̚² ŋaːi̯²²/

/xɤ³⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

/hɐp̚² ŋaːi̯²²/

Hat Yai (a city in Songkhla Province, Thailand)


瑞麗

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/sɵy̯²² lɐi̯²²/

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/sɵy̯²² lɐi̯²²/

(～市) Ruili (a county-level city of Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan, China)


藏南

/t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡sɔːŋ²² naːm²¹/

/t͡sɑŋ⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡sɔːŋ²² naːm²¹/

Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh#English

(by extension) Arunachal Pradesh (a state of India, claimed by China)


蘭嶼

→ English: Lanyu

→ English: Orchid Island (calque)

/län³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laːn²¹ t͡sɵy̯²²/

/lan²³⁻³³ su³³/

/lan²⁴⁻¹¹ su³³/

/lan²⁴⁻³³ si³³/

/län³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laːn²¹ t͡sɵy̯²²/

/lan²³⁻³³ su³³/

/lan²⁴⁻¹¹ su³³/

/lan²⁴⁻³³ si³³/

(～鄉) Lanyu (a township in Taitung County, Taiwan)


海南島

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ naːm²¹ tou̯³⁵/

/hai³³⁻³⁵ nˡaŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾no³³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴⁻²² to⁵⁵⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam¹³⁻²² to⁵³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴⁻¹¹ to⁵³/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lam²³⁻³³ tɤ⁴¹/

/hai⁵²⁻³⁵ lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tau⁵²/

/he³³ nø⁵⁵ tɔ²¹/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ naːm²¹ tou̯³⁵/

/hai³³⁻³⁵ nˡaŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾no³³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴⁻²² to⁵⁵⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam¹³⁻²² to⁵³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴⁻¹¹ to⁵³/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lam²³⁻³³ tɤ⁴¹/

/hai⁵²⁻³⁵ lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tau⁵²/

/he³³ nø⁵⁵ tɔ²¹/

Hainan Island (an island of Hainan, China)


長龍

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ lʊŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ lʊŋ²¹/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Changlong (a town in Lianjiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, formerly a township)


富蘭克林

ㄈㄨˋ ㄌㄢˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ

ㄈㄨˋ ㄌㄢˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ

Фуланькэлинь

/fu⁵¹ län³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ lin³⁵/

/fuː³³ laːn²¹ hɐk̚⁵ lɐm²¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ lan²³⁻³³ kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lim²³/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lim²⁴/

/fu⁵¹ län³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ lin³⁵/

/fuː³³ laːn²¹ hɐk̚⁵ lɐm²¹/

/hu²¹⁻⁴¹ lan²³⁻³³ kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lim²³/

/hu¹¹⁻⁵³ lan²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ lim²⁴/


俾斯麥

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ maɪ̯⁵¹/

/pei̯³⁵ siː⁵⁵ mɐk̚²/

/pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ maɪ̯⁵¹/

/pei̯³⁵ siː⁵⁵ mɐk̚²/

Bismarck (a city, the state capital of North Dakota, United States)


帝國大廈

ㄉㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄚˋ ㄕㄚˋ

ㄉㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄚˋ ㄕㄚˋ

/ti⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂä⁵¹/

/tɐi̯³³ kʷɔːk̚³ taːi̯²² haː²²/

/ti⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵ tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂä⁵¹/

/tɐi̯³³ kʷɔːk̚³ taːi̯²² haː²²/

Empire State Building
Empire State Building


伊斯坦堡

/i⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵ pou̯³⁵/

/i⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ tʰaːn³⁵ pou̯³⁵/

(Taiwan) Istanbul (a city and province of Turkey)


金夏沙

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ haː²² saː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ haː²² saː⁵⁵/

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

(Taiwan) Kinshasa (a city, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


波羅的海

ㄅㄛ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄧˋ ㄏㄞˇ

ㄅㄛ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄧˋ ㄏㄞˇ

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ti⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɔː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹ tɪk̚⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hai⁵³/

/pʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hai⁴¹/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ti⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɔː⁵⁵ lɔː²¹ tɪk̚⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻³³ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hai⁵³/

/pʰɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hai⁴¹/

1848, 徐繼畬 [Xu Jiyu], editor, 瀛寰志略, volume 4, page 3:

Bōluóde Hǎi zhī dōng'àn yǒu dà chéng yuē Bǐdéluóbǎo, Éluósī zhī dūchéng yě.

波羅的海之東岸有大城曰彼德羅堡，峩羅斯之都城也。

波罗的海之东岸有大城曰彼德罗堡，峩罗斯之都城也。

Baltic Sea (a sea in Northern Europe, an arm of the Atlantic enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia and Sweden)


剛果河

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔː³⁵ hɔː²¹/

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔː³⁵ hɔː²¹/

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English

Congo River, Congo (a major river in Central Africa which flows for about 4,380 km (2,720 miles) to the Atlantic Ocean in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, at times forming the border with the Republic of the Congo and Angola)


乞力馬扎羅山

ㄑㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄓㄚ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄕㄢ

ㄑㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄓㄚˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄕㄢ

ㄑㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄓㄚ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄕㄢ

Цилимачжало Шань

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

ㄑㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄓㄚˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄕㄢ

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂä³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(Mainland China, Hong Kong) Kilimanjaro (a volcano in Tanzania)


寮王國

ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/liːu̯²¹ wɔːŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/liːu̯²¹ wɔːŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

(chiefly Taiwan, historical) Kingdom of Laos


回車

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤɻ⁵⁵/

/wuːi̯²¹ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤɻ⁵⁵/

/wuːi̯²¹ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Huiche (a town in Xixia, Henan, China)


烏桓

/u⁵⁵ xu̯än³⁵/

/u⁵⁵ xu̯än³⁵/

north of Ar Horqin Banner
north of Ar Horqin Banner#English

(～山), Mount Wuhuan (a mountain in north of Ar Horqin Banner, Inner Mongolia, China)


高車

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Gaoche (a township in Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)

(～村) Gaoche (a village in Gaoche, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)


遼河

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/liːu̯²¹ hɔː²¹/

/liau²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/liːu̯²¹ hɔː²¹/

/liau²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/


海河

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ hɔː²¹/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ hɔː²¹/


永定河

ㄩㄥˇ ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ

ㄩㄥˇ ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

Renamed, by the Kangxi Emperor, from the earlier antonymous name of 無定河／无定河 (“River of Instability”).


圖們江

/tʰu³⁵ mən³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰou̯²¹ muːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰu³⁵ mən³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰou̯²¹ muːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

zh-l

圖們／图们 (Túmén)


塔里木河

ㄊㄚˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄇㄨˋ ㄏㄜˊ

ㄊㄚˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄇㄨˋ ㄏㄜˊ

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/tʰaːp̚³ lei̯¹³ mʊk̚² hɔː²¹/

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/tʰaːp̚³ lei̯¹³ mʊk̚² hɔː²¹/

塔里木 (Tǎlǐmù)

Tarim River (a river in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


雅魯藏布江

ㄧㄚˇ ㄌㄨˇ ㄗㄤˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄤ

ㄧㄚˇ ㄌㄨˇ ㄗㄤˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄤ

Ялуцзанбу Цзян

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ lou̯¹³ t͡sɔːŋ²² pou̯³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ lou̯¹³ t͡sɔːŋ²² pou̯³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

See 雅魯藏布／雅鲁藏布 (Yǎlǔzàngbù).

雅魯藏布／雅鲁藏布 (Yǎlǔzàngbù)

Yarlung Tsangpo (a river in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


靈渠

/liŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy³⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ kʰɵy̯²¹/

/liŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy³⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ kʰɵy̯²¹/

Lingqu Canal (a canal in Xina'an, Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


伊犁河

/i⁵⁵ li³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/jiː⁵⁵ lɐi̯²¹ hɔː²¹/

/i⁵⁵ li³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/jiː⁵⁵ lɐi̯²¹ hɔː²¹/


嘉陵江

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄤ

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄤ

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ka³³ liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ka³³ liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/


岷江

/min³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/min³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Min River (a river in Sichuan Province, China)


湘江

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ³³ kaŋ³³/

/siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ³³ kaŋ³³/

/siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/


烏江

/u⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/u⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Wu River (a river in Guizhou, China), a tributary of the Yangtze

(～縣) Wujiang County (an ancient county in modern-day Anhui, China)


鄱陽

/pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/pʰɔː²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/pɔː³³ jœːŋ²¹/

/pʰueŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iaŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/pʰɔː²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/pɔː³³ jœːŋ²¹/

/pʰueŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iaŋ⁵⁵/

(～湖) Poyang Lake (a lake in the prefecture-level city of Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China)

(～縣) Poyang County (a county of the prefecture-level city of Shangrao, Jiangxi, China; formerly, 波陽 /波阳 (Bōyáng) (between 1957 and 2003))


洪澤湖

ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄗㄜˊ ㄏㄨˊ

ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄗㄜˊ ㄏㄨˊ

/xʊŋ³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡saːk̚² wuː²¹/

/xʊŋ³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡saːk̚² wuː²¹/

Hongze Lake (a lake in Jiangsu, China), since the Tang.


洪澤

/xʊŋ³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡saːk̚²/

/xʊŋ³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡saːk̚²/

(～區) Hongze (a district of Huai'an, Jiangsu, China)

(～湖) Hongze (a lake in Jiangsu, China), since the Tang

(historical) (～塘) Hongze (a lake in Jiangsu, China), under the Sui and early Tang


納木錯

ㄋㄚˋ ㄇㄨˋ ㄘㄨㄛˋ

ㄋㄚˋ ㄇㄨˋ ㄘㄨㄛˋ

/nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/naːp̚² mʊk̚² t͡sʰɔː³³/

/nä⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/naːp̚² mʊk̚² t͡sʰɔː³³/

Borrowed from Tibetan གནམ་མཚོ (gnam mtsho).

Namtso (a lake in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


色林錯

ㄙㄜˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄘㄨㄛˋ

ㄙㄜˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄘㄨㄛˋ

/sɤ⁵¹ lin³⁵ t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/sɤ⁵¹ lin³⁵ t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan སེར་གླིང་མཚོ (ser gling mtsho) or ཟེ་ལིང་མཚོ (ze ling mtsho).

bor

སེར་གླིང་མཚོ

Siling Lake (a lake in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


羅布泊

ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄅㄛˊ

ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄆㄛˋ

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pu⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pu⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/lɔː²¹ pou̯³³ pɔːk̚²/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pu⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pu⁵¹ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/lɔː²¹ pou̯³³ pɔːk̚²/

Partial calque of Written Oirat ᠯᠣ᠊ᠫ
ᠨᡇᡇᠷ (Lob nuur), from ᠯᠣ᠊ᠫ (Lob) + ᠨᡇᡇᠷ (nuur, “lake”), where the former is itself of unknown origin from older times.
A detailed discussion on the etymology of this word can be found in Notes on Marco Polo, by French Sinologist Paul Pelliot. Compare English Lop Nur.

partial calque

(～鎮) Luobupo (a town in Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


贛江

/kän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐm³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/kam²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kam⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/kam²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kam¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kam²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐm³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/kam²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kam⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/kam²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kam¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kam²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/


祁連

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/

Qilian is said to be as a Xiongnu word meaning "sky" according to Yan Shigu, a Tang Dynasty commentator on the Hanshu.
Further etymology uncertain:
* Chen (1998) proposes cognation with 天 (OC *hlin) and 赫連 (OC *khak-lian), transcriptions of a Xiongnu word for "sky", which he also relates to 昊天 (OC *g'ôg-hlin);
* Schuessler (2014) objects to Yan Shigu's statement that 祁連 was a Xiongnu word; he reconstructs 祁連's pronunciation around 121 BCE as *gɨ-lian and thinks that 乾 (OC *gran) (> QYS *gjän) "looks like the same etymon".

Qilian Mountain means 'Sky Mountain', the Xiongnu called the sky 'qilian'

Qílián Shān jí tiānshān yě, Xiōngnú hū tiān wèi qílián

祁連山即天山也，匈奴呼天為祁連

祁连山即天山也，匈奴呼天为祁连

(～縣) Qilian (a county of Haibei, Qinghai, China)


本地治里

ㄅㄣˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄓˋ ㄌㄧˇ

ㄅㄣˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄓˋ ㄌㄧˇ

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Puducherry (a union territory in southern India, consisting of four geographically separated exclaves of former French India, namely its capital, Karaikal, Yanam, and Mahe)

Puducherry, Pondicherry (the capital city of the union territory of Puducherry, India)


吉大港

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tä⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ taːi̯²² kɔːŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tä⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ taːi̯²² kɔːŋ³⁵/

Chittagong District
Chittagong District#English

Chittagong (a city in the Chittagong District, Bangladesh)


泗水

/sz̩⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː³³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː³³ sɵy̯³⁵/

(～縣) Sishui (a county of Jining, Shandong, China)

(～市) Surabaya (a city, the provincial capital of East Java, Indonesia)


棉蘭

/mi̯ɛn³⁵ län³⁵/

/mi̯ɛn³⁵ län³⁵/

(～市) Medan (a city in North Sumatra, Indonesia)


萬隆

/wän⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/maːn²² lʊŋ²¹/

/wän⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/maːn²² lʊŋ²¹/

Borrowed from Indonesian Bandung, likely via Hakka.

Bandung (a city, the provincial capital of West Java, Indonesia)


民禮

/min³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐn²¹ lɐi̯¹³/

/min³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐn²¹ lɐi̯¹³/

Binjai (a city in North Sumatra, Indonesia)


雙溪大年

ㄕㄨㄤ ㄒㄧ ㄉㄚˋ ㄋㄧㄢˊ

ㄕㄨㄤ ㄒㄧ ㄉㄚˋ ㄋㄧㄢˊ

Шуанси Данянь

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ tä⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵ taːi̯²² niːn²¹/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ tä⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵ taːi̯²² niːn²¹/


外南夢

/waɪ̯⁵¹ nän³⁵ mɤŋ⁵¹/

/waɪ̯⁵¹ nän³⁵ mɤŋ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Malay Blambangan, the city's former name.

Banyuwangi (a regency of East Java, Indonesia)

Banyuwangi (a town, the administrative capital of Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia)


巴東

→ English: Badong, Pa-tung

/pä⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Badong (a county of Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)

(～市) Padang (a city, the capital city of West Sumatra, Indonesia)


北大年

ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄚˋ ㄋㄧㄢˊ

ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄚˋ ㄋㄧㄢˊ

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ taːi̯²² niːn²¹/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ taːi̯²² niːn²¹/

Borrowed from Thai ปัตตานี (bpàt-dtaa-nii), via Teochew.


柔佛

/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ fu̯ɔ³⁵/

/jɐu̯²¹ fɐt̚²/

/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ fu̯ɔ³⁵/

/jɐu̯²¹ fɐt̚²/


吉蘭丹

/t͡ɕi³⁵ län³⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ län³⁵ tän⁵⁵/


森美蘭

/sən⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/sən⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

(～州) Negeri Sembilan (a state of Malaysia)


彭亨

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ xɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ hɐŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ xɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ hɐŋ⁵⁵/


玻璃市

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

Phono-semantic matching of Malay Perlis.


登嘉樓

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

Phono-semantic matching of Malay Terengganu, replacing the unsavory connotations of the characters used in 丁加奴 (Dīngjiānú).


納閩

/nä⁵¹ min²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nä⁵¹ min²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

1891, 薛福成 [Xue Fucheng], 出使英法義比四國日記, volume 4, page 34:

Nányáng Yīng shǔ gè dì, chú Xiānggǎng, Yǎngguāng, Sàlāwǎ, Běimùniáng, Nàmǐn, Wénlái jì Àodàlìyà gè bù, zàn zhì bù lùn wài, qí guī Xīnjiāpō xúnfǔ tǒngxiá zhě, ruò Bīnlángyǔ, Máliùjiǎ, jiē quán shǔ Yīng zhě yě; ruò Báilà, Shílán'é, Fúróng, Pénghēng, jiē guī Yīng bǎohù zhě yě.

南洋英屬各地，除香港、仰光、薩拉瓦、北慕娘、納閩、文萊暨澳大利亞各埠，暫置不論外，其歸新嘉坡巡撫統轄者，若檳榔嶼、麻六甲，皆全屬英者也；若白蠟、石蘭莪、芙蓉、彭亨，皆歸英保護者也。

南洋英属各地，除香港、仰光、萨拉瓦、北慕娘、纳闽、文莱暨澳大利亚各埠，暂置不论外，其归新嘉坡巡抚统辖者，若槟榔屿、麻六甲，皆全属英者也；若白蜡、石兰莪、芙蓉、彭亨，皆归英保护者也。

(～島) Labuan (an island and federal territory of Malaysia)


布城

/pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Putrajaya (federal territory and administrative capital of Malaysia)

(obsolete or slang, Australia) Brisbane (a city, the state capital of Queensland, Australia)


怡保

/i³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/i³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～市) Ipoh (the capital city of the state of Perak, Malaysia)


新山

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ sũã³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ sũã³³/


亞庇

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi⁵¹/

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi⁵¹/

Borrowed from Malay Api, Api-Api, the former names of the city. Api in the name may refer to mangroves. Compare Thai พีพี (pii-pii), name for the Phi Phi Islands which may be etymologically related.

(～市) Kota Kinabalu (a city, the state capital of Sabah, Malaysia)


莎阿南

/ʂä⁵⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

(～市) Shah Alam (a city, the state capital of Selangor, Malaysia)


亞羅士打

ㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄕˋ ㄉㄚˇ

ㄧㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄕˋ ㄉㄚˇ

/jä⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ lɔː²¹ siː²² taː³⁵/

/jä⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ lɔː²¹ siː²² taː³⁵/


八打靈再也

ㄅㄚ ㄉㄚˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄗㄞˋ ㄧㄝˇ

ㄅㄚ ㄉㄚˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄗㄞˋ ㄧㄝˇ

Бадалин Цзайе

/pä⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


瓜拉登嘉樓

ㄍㄨㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄥ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄡˊ

ㄍㄨㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄥ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄡˊ

Гуала Дэнцзялоу

/ku̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

/ku̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

Kuala Terengganu
Kuala Terengganu#English

(～市) Kuala Terengganu (the capital city of Terengganu, Malaysia)


三寶顏

/sän⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵ ŋaːn²¹/

/sam³³ po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡan²⁴/

/sän⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵ ŋaːn²¹/

/sam³³ po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡan²⁴/

From Central Sama Samboangan (“mooring place”) from samboang (“mooring pole”) + -an (“place marker suffix”), as attested in the Velarde Map (1734). A popular folk etymology may also attribute it to either Indonesian jambangan (“flower garden”) or Malay jambangan (“flower garden”) or Tausug jambangan (“flower garden”) from jambang (“flower pot”) + -an (“place marker suffix”), but this name has never been attested in any historical records prior to the 1960s with the place being attested usually instead as "Samboangan".

suffix

(～市) Zamboanga City (a city in the Philippines)

Zamboanga Peninsula
w:Zamboanga Peninsula

(～半島) Zamboanga Peninsula (a peninsula in the Philippines)

Province of Zamboanga
w:Zamboanga (province)

(historical) Province of Zamboanga (a former province of the Philippines)


檳榔嶼

/piŋ⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pin⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐn⁵⁵ lɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɵy̯²²/

/pin³³⁻²¹ naŋ²³⁻²¹ su²¹/

/pin⁴⁴⁻³³ nŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ su³³/

/pin⁴⁴⁻³³ nŋ̍²³⁻³³ su³³/

/pin³³⁻²¹ nŋ̍²³⁻²¹ su²¹/

/piŋ⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pin⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐn⁵⁵ lɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɵy̯²²/

/pin³³⁻²¹ naŋ²³⁻²¹ su²¹/

/pin⁴⁴⁻³³ nŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ su³³/

/pin⁴⁴⁻³³ nŋ̍²³⁻³³ su³³/

/pin³³⁻²¹ nŋ̍²³⁻²¹ su²¹/

c. 1840, Karl Gützlaff, 貿易通志; quoted in 魏源 [Wei Yuan], 海國圖志 [Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms], volume 6, 1849, page 16:

Cǐwài Málàjiǎ, Bīnlángyǔ děng chù, yì Yīngjílì gōngsī suǒ jù, ér màoyì yǒuxiàn, bùjí Xīnjiāpō sān fēn zhī yī.

此外麻剌甲、檳榔嶼等處，亦英吉利公司所據，而貿易有限，不及新嘉坡三分之一。

此外麻剌甲、槟榔屿等处，亦英吉利公司所据，而贸易有限，不及新嘉坡三分之一。

Binlang Islet (an islet of Lieyu, Kinmen County, Taiwan)


喬治市

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ t͡siː²² siː¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ t͡siː²² siː¹³/

George Town (a city, the state capital of Penang, Malaysia)


坤甸

→ Indonesian: Khuntien, Kun Tian

→ English: Khuntien, Kun Tian

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kʰuŋ³³⁻²³ tiaŋ³⁵/

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kʰuŋ³³⁻²³ tiaŋ³⁵/

From Malay kuntilanak, a female vampiric ghost in Malaysian and Indonesian mythology, also the former name of the city.

(～市) Pontianak (a city, the provincial capital of West Kalimantan, Indonesia)


馬辰

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/maː¹³ sɐn²¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/maː¹³ sɐn²¹/

South Kalimantan
South Kalimantan#English

(～市) Banjarmasin (a city, the provincial capital of South Kalimantan, Indonesia)


望加錫

/wɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/wɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕi³⁵/

/mɔːŋ²² kaː⁵⁵ sɛːk̚³/

/wɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/wɑŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕi³⁵/

/mɔːŋ²² kaː⁵⁵ sɛːk̚³/

From Makasar Mangkasaraʼ or Malay Mengkasar.

(～市) Makassar (a city, the provincial capital of South Sulawesi, Indonesia)


萬鴉老

/wän⁵¹ jä⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːn²² aː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³/

/wän⁵¹ jä⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːn²² aː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³/

(～市) Manado (a city, the provincial capital of North Sulawesi, Indonesia)


二連

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

二連浩特 二連浩特#Chinese

二连浩特 二连浩特#Chinese

short for 二連浩特／二连浩特 (Èrliánhàotè): Erenhot (a county-level city of Xilingol, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


大吉嶺

ㄉㄚˋ ㄐㄧˊ ㄌㄧㄥˇ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄐㄧˊ ㄌㄧㄥˇ

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² kɐt̚⁵ lɪŋ¹³/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² kɐt̚⁵ lɪŋ¹³/

Phono-semantic matching of English Darjeeling, from Tibetan རྡོ་རྗེ་གླིང (rdo rje gling).

der

རྡོ་རྗེ་གླིང


康定

/kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/hɔːŋ⁵⁵ tɪŋ²²/

/kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/hɔːŋ⁵⁵ tɪŋ²²/

(～市) Kangding (a county-level city of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


麻坡

/mä³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/maː²¹ pɔː⁵⁵/

/mũã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ po³³/

/mä³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/maː²¹ pɔː⁵⁵/

/mũã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ po³³/


居鑾

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ lu̯än³⁵/

/kɵy̯⁵⁵ lyːn²¹/

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ lu̯än³⁵/

/kɵy̯⁵⁵ lyːn²¹/

Kluang (a town in Kluang district, Johor, Malaysia)


豐盛港

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²² kɔːŋ³⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²² kɔːŋ³⁵/

Changed from the former name 茂盛港 (“Mersing”), which is a phono-semantic matching of Malay Mersing (using 茂盛) + 港 (“port”).


斗湖

/toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/tɐu̯³⁵ wuː²¹/

/toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/tɐu̯³⁵ wuː²¹/

Tawau (the district capital of Tawau district, Sabah, Malaysia)


加影

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ iŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ jɪŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ iŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ jɪŋ³⁵/


羅勇

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔː²¹ jʊŋ¹³/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔː²¹ jʊŋ¹³/


清萊

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/

Borrowed from Thai เชียงราย (chiiang-raai), via Teochew.

(～府) Chiang Rai (a province of Thailand)


日惹

/ʐ̩⁵¹ ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐt̚² jɛː¹³/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐt̚² jɛː¹³/

(～市) Yogyakarta (a city, the provincial capital of Yogyakarta, Indonesia)


康保

/kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːŋ⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵/

/kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːŋ⁵⁵ pou̯³⁵/

From 康巴諾爾／康巴诺尔 (Kāngbā Nuò'ěr), the name of a lake in the county's south, which is in turn from Mongolian [script needed] (kang-ba, “beautiful”) + ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ (naɣur, “lake”).

zh-l

康巴諾爾／康巴诺尔 (Kāngbā Nuò'ěr)

der

(～縣) Kangbao (a county of Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China)


商都

/ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Manchu [script needed] (šang-du?, “whirlpool”), describing the appearance of the Budong River as it joins the lake 察汗淖爾／察汗淖尔.

bor

(～縣) Shangdu County (a county of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


昌圖

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

From Mongolian [script needed] (chang-tu e-r-ke / 常突額爾克, “frost-covered cliff”); compare Mongolian ᠴᠠᠩᠲᠤᠬᠤ (čangtuqu, “covered with frost”) and ᠡᠷᠭᠢ (ergi, “shore, brink, precipice”).

cog

(～縣) Changtu (a county of Tieling, Liaoning, China)


舒蘭

/ʂu⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/ʂu⁵⁵ län³⁵/

Borrowed from Manchu ᡧᡠᠯᡥᡝ (šulhe, “pear; fruit”).

(～市) Shulan (a county-level city of Jilin City, Jilin, China)


雙陽

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

Borrowed from Manchu ᠰᡠᠸᠠᠨ (suwan), from ᠰᡠᠸᠠᠶᠠᠨ (suwayan, “yellow”), in reference to the yellowish appearance of the Shuangyang River flowing in the area.

(～鄉) Shuangyang (a township in Wuxi, Chongqing, China)


寶清

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

Took its name from the Baoqing River to the south of the town, which was a loanword from Mongolian ᠪᠡᠴᠢᠨ (bečin, “monkey”) or Manchu ᠪᠣᠴᡳᡥᡝ (bocihe, “ugly”).

(～縣) Baoqing County (a county of Heilongjiang, China)

(～鎮) Baoqing Town (a town in Baoqing County, Heilongjiang, China)


集賢

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

(～縣) Jixian County (a county of Heilongjiang, China)

(～鎮) Jixian Town (a town in Shaanxi, China)

(～鄉) Jixian Township (a township in Sichuan, China)


綏稜

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ lɤŋ³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ lɤŋ³⁵/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹/

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ lɤŋ³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ lɤŋ³⁵/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹/

Named after the Suileng Mountain (綏楞山／绥楞山) in its north, derived from Manchu ᠰᡠᡳᠯᠠᠨ (suilan, “hornet”).

(～縣) Suileng County (a county of Heilongjiang, China)


江孜

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan རྒྱལ་རྩེ (rgyal rtse).

(～縣) Gyantse (a county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)

(～鎮) Gyantse (a town in Gyantse County, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


江達

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tä³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ taːt̚²/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tä³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ taːt̚²/

Borrowed from Tibetan འཇོ་མདའ ('jo mda').

(～縣) Jomda (a county of Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


萬榮

/wän⁵¹ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/maːn²² wɪŋ²¹/

/maŋ¹¹ yŋ¹³/

/maŋ²¹ yŋ²⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ iɪŋ¹³/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban³³⁻²¹ iɪŋ²³/

/wän⁵¹ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/maːn²² wɪŋ²¹/

/maŋ¹¹ yŋ¹³/

/maŋ²¹ yŋ²⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ iɪŋ¹³/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban³³⁻²¹ iɪŋ²³/


萬榮

/wän⁵¹ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/maːn²² wɪŋ²¹/

/maŋ¹¹ yŋ¹³/

/maŋ²¹ yŋ²⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ iɪŋ¹³/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban³³⁻²¹ iɪŋ²³/

/wän⁵¹ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/maːn²² wɪŋ²¹/

/maŋ¹¹ yŋ¹³/

/maŋ²¹ yŋ²⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ iɪŋ¹³/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ iɪŋ²⁴/

/ban³³⁻²¹ iɪŋ²³/

(～縣) Wanrong (a county of Yuncheng, Shanxi, China)

(～鄉) Wanrong (a mountain indigenous township in Hualien County, Taiwan)


豐沙里

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Borrowed from Lao ຜົ້ງສາລີ (phong sā lī).

Phongsali (a town, the capital of Phongsali province, Laos)


豐沙灣

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Lao ໂພນສະຫວັນ (phōn sa huan).


華富里

ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄈㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ

ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄈㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ

/xu̯ä³⁵ fu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waː²¹ fuː³³ lei̯¹³/

/xu̯ä³⁵ fu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waː²¹ fuː³³ lei̯¹³/


佛統

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɐt̚² tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/fu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɐt̚² tʰʊŋ³⁵/

(～府) Nakhon Pathom (a province of Thailand)

(～市) Nakhon Pathom (a city in Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand)


春蓬

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ pʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ pʰɤŋ³⁵/


春武里

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ mou̯¹³ lei̯¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ mou̯¹³ lei̯¹³/

Borrowed from Thai ชลบุรี (chon-bù-rii).


洛浦

→ English: Lo-p'u, Luopu

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～縣) Lop, Luopu (a county of Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Lop, Luopu (a town in Lop, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


安集延

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

(～州) Andijan Region (a region of Uzbekistan)


延吉

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (延吉):
* → Korean: 연길(延吉) (Yeon'gil)

→ Korean: 옌지 (Yenji)

/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

From earlier 煙集崗／烟集岗 (Yānjígǎng), further etymology unknown.

zh-l

煙集崗／烟集岗 (Yānjígǎng)

(～市) Yanji (a county-level city of Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China)


凱里

/kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ lei̯¹³/

/kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ lei̯¹³/

(～市) Kaili (a county-level city of Qiandongnan prefecture, Guizhou, China)


滿地寶

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Phono-semantic matching of English Port Moody.

psm

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

Port Moody (a city in British Columbia, Canada)


高貴林

ㄍㄠ ㄍㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ

ㄍㄠ ㄍㄨㄟˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ lin³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ kʷɐi̯³³ lɐm²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ lin³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ kʷɐi̯³³ lɐm²¹/

Phono-semantic matching of English Coquitlam.

Coquitlam (a city in British Columbia, Canada)


景洪

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xʊŋ³⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³/

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xʊŋ³⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³/

(～市) Jinghong (a county-level city of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China)


畹町

/wän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn³⁵ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

/wän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn³⁵ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tai Nüa ᥝᥢᥰ ᥖᥥᥒ (wän teng, “the sun shining overhead”).

bor

(～鎮) Wanding (a town in Ruili, Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)

(～市) (historical) Wanding (a former county-level city of Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China, now part of Ruili City)


思茅

/sz̩⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ maːu̯²¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ maːu̯²¹/

(～區) Simao (a district of Pu'er, Yunnan, China)

(～街道) Simao (a subdistrict of Simao district, Pu'er, Yunnan, China)


騰衝

→ English: T'eng-ch'ung, Tengchong

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɐŋ²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɐŋ²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Tengchong (a county-level city of Baoshan, Yunnan, China)


洱源

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/


漠河

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/mɔːk̚² hɔː²¹/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/mɔːk̚² hɔː²¹/

Partial calque of Manchu ᠮᠣ
ᠪᡳᡵᠠ (mo bira).

pcal

(～市, formerly ～縣) Mohe (a county-level city and former county of Heilongjiang, China)


左權

→ English: Tsochuan, Zuoquan

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ kʰyːn²¹/

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ kʰyːn²¹/

Named after Chinese Red Army general 左權 (Zuo Quan) (1905-1942) in 1942.

(～縣) Zuoquan (a county of Jinzhong, Shanxi, China)


黃驊

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ waː²¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ waː²¹/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Huanghua (a county-level city and former county of Cangzhou, Hebei, China)


靖宇

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɪŋ²² jyː¹³/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɪŋ²² jyː¹³/

Named after Chinese Communist Party military leader 楊靖宇.


徐匯

/ɕy³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ wuːi̯²²/

/t͡sʰi²⁴⁻²² hue²²/

/t͡sʰi²⁴⁻²² hue⁴¹/

/t͡sʰi¹³⁻²² hue²²/

/t͡sʰi²⁴⁻¹¹ hue³³/

/t͡sʰi²³⁻³³ hue³³/

/ʑi²² ɦue⁴⁴/

/ɕy³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵy̯²¹ wuːi̯²²/

/t͡sʰi²⁴⁻²² hue²²/

/t͡sʰi²⁴⁻²² hue⁴¹/

/t͡sʰi¹³⁻²² hue²²/

/t͡sʰi²⁴⁻¹¹ hue³³/

/t͡sʰi²³⁻³³ hue³³/

/ʑi²² ɦue⁴⁴/

After 徐家匯／徐家汇 (Xújiāhuì); a locality within the district.

zh-l

徐家匯／徐家汇 (Xújiāhuì)

(～區) Xuhui (a district of Shanghai, China)


太康

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Taikang (a county of Zhoukou, Henan, China)


志丹

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tän⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tän⁵⁵/

Named after Chinese military commander 劉志丹 (Liu Zhidan) in 1936.

named-after

(～縣) Zhidan (a county of Yan'an, Shaanxi, China)


吳起

/u³⁵ t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋ̍²¹ hei̯³⁵/

/u³⁵ t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋ̍²¹ hei̯³⁵/

Named after Chinese military leader, philosopher, and politician 吳起 (Wu Qi) (440-381 BC).

named-after

(～縣) Wuqi (a county of Yan'an, Shaanxi, China)


山景城

/ʂän⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ kɪŋ³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/ʂän⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ kɪŋ³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

Calque of English Mountain View + 城 (chéng, “city”).

(～市) Mountain View (a city in California, United States)


鹿特丹

/lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹ tän⁵⁵/

/lʊk̚² tɐk̚² taːn⁵⁵/

/lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹ tän⁵⁵/

/lʊk̚² tɐk̚² taːn⁵⁵/

Rotterdam (a city and municipality of South Holland, Netherlands)


斯海爾托亨博斯

ㄙ ㄏㄞˇ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄏㄥ ㄅㄛˊ ㄙ

ㄙ ㄏㄞˇ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄏㄥ ㄅㄛˊ ㄙ

Сыхайэртохэнбосы

/sz̩⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ xɤŋ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵ jiː¹³ tʰɔːk̚³ hɐŋ⁵⁵ pɔːk̚³ siː⁵⁵/


烏特勒支

/u⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/u⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

Utrecht (a city and municipality, the capital of Utrecht province, Netherlands)


奈梅亨

/naɪ̯⁵¹ meɪ̯³⁵ xɤŋ⁵⁵/

/naɪ̯⁵¹ meɪ̯³⁵ xɤŋ⁵⁵/


馬斯特里赫特

Mǎsītèlǐhètè

ㄇㄚˇ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄏㄜˋ ㄊㄜˋ

Mǎsītèlǐhètè

ㄇㄚˇ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄏㄜˋ ㄊㄜˋ

Масытэлихэтэ

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/


茲沃勒

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ wɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ wɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/


阿默斯福特

ㄚ ㄇㄛˋ ㄙ ㄈㄨˊ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄚ ㄇㄛˋ ㄙ ㄈㄨˊ ㄊㄜˋ

/ˀä⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ fu³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ fu³⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/


布雷達

/pu⁵¹ leɪ̯³⁵ tä³⁵/

/pu⁵¹ leɪ̯³⁵ tä³⁵/


戴芬特

/taɪ̯⁵¹ fən⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/taɪ̯⁵¹ fən⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹/


埃因霍芬

ㄞ ㄧㄣ ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄈㄣ

ㄞ ㄧㄣ ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄈㄣ

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ xu̯ɔ⁵¹ fən⁵⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ xu̯ɔ⁵¹ fən⁵⁵/


馬格德堡

ㄇㄚˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄅㄠˇ

ㄇㄚˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄅㄠˇ

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ tɤ³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵ tɤ³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Magdeburg (the capital city of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany)


卡塞爾

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


科布倫茨

ㄎㄜ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄘˊ

ㄎㄜ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄘˊ

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/


巴登巴登

/pä⁵⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵/


維爾茨堡

ㄨㄟˊ ㄦˇ ㄘˊ ㄅㄠˇ

ㄨㄟˊ ㄦˇ ㄘˊ ㄅㄠˇ

/weɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


呂貝克

/ly²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/ly²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/


曼海姆

/män⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/män⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


海德堡

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tɐk̚⁵ pou̯³⁵/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ tɐk̚⁵ pou̯³⁵/


卡爾卡松

ㄎㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄎㄚˇ ㄙㄨㄥ

ㄎㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄎㄚˇ ㄙㄨㄥ

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵/


奧爾良

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire#English

Orléans (a city, the capital of Loiret department, France; the regional capital of Centre-Val de Loire)


巴塞爾

/pä⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pä⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


因斯布魯克

ㄧㄣ ㄙ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄧㄣ ㄙ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄎㄜˋ

/in⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/in⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/


格拉茨

/kɤ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

Graz (the capital city of Styria, Austria)


克賴斯特徹奇

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄞˋ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ ㄔㄜˋ ㄑㄧˊ

ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄞˋ ㄙ ㄊㄜˋ ㄔㄜˋ ㄑㄧˊ

Кэлайсытэчэци

/kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ laɪ̯⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

Alternative name for 基督城 (Jīdūchéng, “Christchurch”).


雷丁

/leɪ̯³⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/leɪ̯³⁵ tiŋ⁵⁵/


普林斯頓

ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄙ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄙ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

Пулиньсыдунь

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/pʰou̯³⁵ lɐm²¹ siː⁵⁵ tɵn²²/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/pʰou̯³⁵ lɐm²¹ siː⁵⁵ tɵn²²/


布萊克浦

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄞˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄆㄨˇ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄞˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄆㄨˇ

/pu⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pu⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


繁峙

/fän³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/fän³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

(～縣) Fanshi (a county of Xinzhou, Shanxi, China)


筠連

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/

(～縣) Junlian County (a county of Sichuan, China)


穆稜

/mʊk̚² lɪŋ²¹/

/mʊk̚² lɪŋ²¹/

Named after the nearby Muling River (穆稜河), from Manchu ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ (morin, “horse”) + 河 (hé, “river”).

(～市) Muling (a county-level city of Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China)


鉛山

/jɛn³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Yanshan County
w:Yanshan County, Jiangxi

(～縣) Yanshan County (a county of Jiangxi, China)


樂清

/ɥɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Yueqing (a county-level city of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


任丘

/ʐən³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʐən⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jɐm²² jɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ʐən³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʐən⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jɐm²² jɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Renqiu (a county-level city of Cangzhou, Hebei, China)


任縣

/ʐən³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ʐən³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Ren County (a former county of Hebei, China; now Renze district, Xingtai, Hebei)


莘縣

/ʂən⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ʂən⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Shen County (a county of Shandong, China)


犍為

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵/

/kʰiːn²¹ wɐi̯²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ weɪ̯³⁵/

/kʰiːn²¹ wɐi̯²¹/

(～縣) Qianwei County (a county of Leshan, Sichuan, China)


樅陽

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Zongyang (a county of Tongling, Anhui, China)

(～鎮) Zongyang (a town in Zongyang, Tongling, Anhui, China)


歙縣

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

She County (a county of Huangshan, Anhui, China)


蔚縣

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Yu County (a county of Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China)


黃陂

→ English: Huangpi, Huang-pei

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ pʰi³⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ pʰi³⁵/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Huangpi (a district and former county of Wuhan, Hubei, China)


吳堡

/u³⁵ pu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋ̍²¹ pou̯³⁵/

/u³⁵ pu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋ̍²¹ pou̯³⁵/

(～縣) Wubu (a county of Yulin, Shaanxi, China)


監利

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

(～縣) Jianli (a county of Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


泌陽

/pi⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/pɐt̚² jœːŋ²¹/

/pi⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/pɐt̚² jœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Biyang (a county of Zhumadian, Henan, China)


滎經

/iŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/iŋ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yingjing County (a county of Sichuan, China)


濬縣

/ɕyn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ɕyn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/


渦陽

/ku̯ɔ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔː⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/ku̯ɔ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔː⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Guoyang (a county of Bozhou, Anhui, China)


黃鶴樓

ja-r

黄鶴楼(こうかくろう) (Kōkakurō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (黃鶴樓):
* → Japanese: 黄鶴楼(こうかくろう) (Kōkakurō)
* → Korean: 황학루(黃鶴樓) (Hwanghangnu)
* → Vietnamese: Hoàng Hạc Lâu (黃鶴樓)

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄜˋ ㄌㄡˊ

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄜˋ ㄌㄡˊ

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xɤ⁵¹ loʊ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ hɔːk̚² lɐu̯²¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xɤ⁵¹ loʊ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ hɔːk̚² lɐu̯²¹/

(～街道) Huanghelou (a subdistrict of Wuchang district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


干邑

/kɔːn⁵⁵ jɐp̚⁵/

/kɔːn⁵⁵ jɐp̚⁵/

Borrowed from English cognac, via Cantonese.


西冷

/ɕi⁵⁵ lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi⁵⁵ lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Serang (a city, the provincial capital of Banten, Indonesia)


金鐘

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡soŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡soŋ²¹/

Named after the gold-coloured bell used for timekeeping at Wellington Barracks in the area.

Admiralty (an Admiralty place Hong Kong)


藍田

→ English: Lam Tin, Lantian, Lantien

/län³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/län³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

; "Lantian, Shaanxi"
; "Lam Tin, Kwun Tong district, Hong Kong"

(～縣) Lantian (a county of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China)

(～街道) Lantian (a subdistrict of Lianyuan, Loudi, Hunan, China)

Lam Tin (an area of Kwun Tong district, Hong Kong)

(～村) Lam Tin Tsuen (a village in Kwai Tsing district, New Territories, Hong Kong, on Tsing Yi Island)


觀塘

/ku̯än⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/kuːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/kuːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

From the homophonous 官塘 (“Mandarin ponds”); previously known as 官璫／官珰.

(～區) Kwun Tong District (a district of Hong Kong)


油麻地

desc

→ English: Yau Ma Tei, Yaumatei, Yaumati

/joʊ̯³⁵ mä³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²¹ maː²¹ tei̯²²⁻³⁵/

/ɦiɤ²² mo⁵⁵ di²¹/

/joʊ̯³⁵ mä³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²¹ maː²¹ tei̯²²⁻³⁵/

/ɦiɤ²² mo⁵⁵ di²¹/

Yau Ma Tei (an area of Kowloon, Hong Kong)


荃灣

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

From 淺灣／浅湾 (literally “shallow bay”), which is attested in 粵大記 [1595].

(～區) Tsuen Wan District (a district of Hong Kong)


中環

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯än³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ waːn²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huan¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ huan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ huan²³/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɡue²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯än³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ waːn²¹/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² huan¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ huan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ huan²³/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɡue²¹/


柴灣

/ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰaːi̯²¹ waːn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰaːi̯²¹ waːn⁵⁵/

Chai Wan (an area of Eastern district, Hong Kong)


銅鑼灣

ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄨㄢ

ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄨㄢ

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ lɔː²¹ waːn⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ lɔː²¹ waːn²¹/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² uan⁴⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² uan³³/

/taŋ¹³⁻²² lo¹³⁻²² uan⁴⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ uan⁴⁴/

/taŋ²³⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ uan⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ³³/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ lɔː²¹ waːn⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ lɔː²¹ waːn²¹/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² uan⁴⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² lo²⁴⁻²² uan³³/

/taŋ¹³⁻²² lo¹³⁻²² uan⁴⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lo²⁴⁻¹¹ uan⁴⁴/

/taŋ²³⁻³³ lɤ²³⁻³³ uan⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ³³/

Causeway Bay (an area of Wan Chai district, Hong Kong)


灣仔

/wän⁵⁵ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waːn⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/wän⁵⁵ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waːn⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

Wan Chai (an area of Wan Chai district, Hong Kong)

Wan Tsai (a place in Sai Kung district, Hong Kong)

(～街道) Wanzai (a subdistrict of Xiangzhou district, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China)


東涌

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Dongchong (a town in Nansha district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Dongchong (a town in Chengqu district, Shanwei, Guangdong, China)


將軍澳

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵ ou̯³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵ ou̯³³/


屯門

/tʰu̯ən³⁵ mən³⁵/

/dən²² mən⁴⁴/

/tʰu̯ən³⁵ mən³⁵/

/dən²² mən⁴⁴/

(～區) Tuen Mun District (a district of Hong Kong)


天水圍

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄨㄟˊ

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄨㄟˊ

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵ wɐi̯²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵ wɐi̯²¹/


元朗

/ɥɛn³⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyːn²¹ lɔːŋ¹³/

/ɥɛn³⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyːn²¹ lɔːŋ¹³/

Originally written as 圓蓢, then as 元塱 and finally as 元朗.

(～區) Yuen Long District (a district of Hong Kong)