飲

In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 酉 (“bottle (of alcoholic beverages)”) + 人 (“person”) + 口 (“mouth (occasionally with the tongue protruding)”) – a person bending over a bottle to drink the alcoholic beverage. The droplets represented drops of the drink or saliva.
In the bronze script, the mouth separated from the body and corrupted into 今 (OC *krɯm), while the rest of the body became 欠 (OC *kʰoms). These two components also acted as phonetic components. These changes were inherited in the seal script, leading Shuowen to interpret this character (㱃) as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms): phonetic 酓 (OC *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms) + semantic 欠 (“yawn”).
In the clerical script, 酓 has been modified to 食 (“to eat”), which is inherited in the current form.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔam (“to eat; to drink”).

inh

饮
㱃
酓
飮
𣲎
𩚜
饮
㱃
酓
飮
𣲎
𩚜
饮

(dialectal Cantonese, including Taishanese, Yangjiang Yue; dialectal Gan; dialectal Hakka; Min) rice water


鹹

→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɡemᴬ

→ Zhuang: hamz

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡrɯːm): semantic 鹵 (“salt”) + phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hjam (“salty”) or *g-rjum (“salt”); compare Chepang ल्हाम्सा (hlam‑, “salty (not excessively)”), Jingpho jum (“salt”) (STEDT).


姑娘

→ Japanese: 姑娘 (kūnyan)

→ Korean: 꾸냥 (kkunyang), 쿠냥 (kunyang)

→ Russian: ку́ня (kúnja)

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ²/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑ̃ɻ²/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/ku²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹/

/kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/ku⁴² n̠ʲiɔŋ²/

/ku²⁴ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/ku¹¹ niɒ̃⁴⁵/

/kɔ³³ niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²³/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niɔ̃²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/ku⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ²/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑ̃ɻ²/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/ku²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹/

/kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/ku⁴² n̠ʲiɔŋ²/

/ku²⁴ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/ku¹¹ niɒ̃⁴⁵/

/kɔ³³ niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²³/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niɔ̃²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/ku⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

(Jianghuai Mandarin, Yangjiang Yue, Wu) sister-in-law (husband's sister)


小妹

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ muːi̯²²/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ be⁴¹/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be²²/

/sio⁴²⁻²⁴ be²²/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be³³/

/sio⁴²⁻²⁴ bə²²/

/sio⁵³⁻²⁴ bə²²/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bə⁴¹/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mãi²²/

/siɤ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ muãi³³/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ muãi²²/

/sio⁵³⁻⁵⁵ muẽ³³/

/siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ muẽ³³/

/sio⁵⁵⁻³⁵ bə³³/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ muːi̯²²/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ be⁴¹/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be²²/

/sio⁴²⁻²⁴ be²²/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be³³/

/sio⁴²⁻²⁴ bə²²/

/sio⁵³⁻²⁴ bə²²/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bə⁴¹/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mãi²²/

/siɤ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ muãi³³/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ muãi²²/

/sio⁵³⁻⁵⁵ muẽ³³/

/siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ muẽ³³/

/sio⁵⁵⁻³⁵ bə³³/

(Yangjiang Yue, Hokkien, Xianyou Puxian Min, dialectal Wu) younger sister


鼠賊

/ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡seɪ̯³⁵/

/syː³⁵ t͡sʰaːk̚²/

/t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰat̚²⁴/

/t͡sʰu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰat̚⁴/

/t͡sʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰat̚¹²¹/

/t͡sʰi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰat̚⁴/

/t͡sʰɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰakʰ⁴/

/ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡seɪ̯³⁵/

/syː³⁵ t͡sʰaːk̚²/

/t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰat̚²⁴/

/t͡sʰu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰat̚⁴/

/t͡sʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰat̚¹²¹/

/t͡sʰi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰat̚⁴/

/t͡sʰɯ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰakʰ⁴/


鹹濕

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/ham⁴² ʃɐp̚²⁴/

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/ham⁴² ʃɐp̚²⁴/

2018, 黄伯荣, 广东阳江方言研究 [A Study of the Yangjiang Dialect], Sun Yat-Sen University Press, page 333:

果件衫好咸湿

果件衫好鹹濕


家下

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä²/

/t͡ɕia²⁴ ɕia⁴⁴/

/kaː⁵⁵ haː²²/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä²/

/t͡ɕia²⁴ ɕia⁴⁴/

/kaː⁵⁵ haː²²/


魚眼

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (魚眼):
* → Japanese: 魚眼(ぎょがん) (gyogan)
* → Korean: 어안(魚眼) (eoan)

/y³⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/y³⁵ jɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyː²¹ ŋaːn¹³/

/y³⁵ jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/y³⁵ jɑɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyː²¹ ŋaːn¹³/


妹仔

→ English: mooi-jai

→ Macanese: amuichai

/muːi̯²²⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/mui³²⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɔi³⁵/

/ᵐbᵘɔi²¹ tᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/mui⁵⁵ t͡ʃɐi²¹/

/moɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ e³¹/

/mɛ⁵⁵ t͡siɛ²¹/

/muːi̯²²⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/mui³²⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɔi³⁵/

/ᵐbᵘɔi²¹ tᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/mui⁵⁵ t͡ʃɐi²¹/

/moɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ e³¹/

/mɛ⁵⁵ t͡siɛ²¹/


淋水

/lin⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐm²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/lam²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/lin⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐm²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/lam²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/


大貓

/tä⁵¹ mɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tai̯²¹⁻¹¹ mɒu̯³³/

/tä⁵¹ mɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tai̯²¹⁻¹¹ mɒu̯³³/

(Jiahe Southwestern Mandarin; Yangjiang Yue; Changsha Xiang; dialectal Wu, including Wenzhounese) tiger

Jiahe Southwestern Mandarin; including Wenzhounese; Jiahe Southwestern Mandarin; including Wenzhounese


粟仔

/ɕiʊk̚¹ e³¹/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ a⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵⁴ a⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ a⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ a⁵³/

/t͡sʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ a⁵⁵⁴/

/ɕiʊk̚¹ e³¹/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ a⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵⁴ a⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ a⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ a⁵³/

/t͡sʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ a⁵⁵⁴/

Setaria italica
Setaria italica#Translingual

(Yangjiang Yue, Meixian Hakka) foxtail millet (Setaria italica)


無該

† - when someone does you a favour; § - when someone gives you a gift

(Yangjiang Yue, Hainanese, Leizhou Min) thank you


阿姪

/aʔ³³ zəʔ⁴⁴/

/aʔ³³ zəʔ⁴⁴/

(Yangjiang Yue, Hakka, Puxian Min, Wu) fraternal nephew (brother's son)


過輩

/kʰuɛ²¹⁻⁵⁵ puɛ²¹/

/kʰuɛ²¹⁻⁵⁵ puɛ²¹/

(Yangjiang Yue, Huizhou, Leizhou Min, dialectal Wu) to die; to pass away

† - euphemistic; ‡ - usually of the elderly; ¤ - humorous; § - derogatory/disrespectful

被難

to be killed in a disaster, political incident