呾

呾話

呾话

(Southern Min, chiefly Teochew, Zhao'an Hokkien) to say; to speak

2015, Li Wei, Multilingualism in the Chinese Diaspora Worldwide: Transnational Connections and Local Social Realities, Routledge, →ISBN, page 209:

Do you think Teochew language should be preserved in Singapore or is Mandarin good enough?

汝覺得呾潮州話在新加坡應唔應該流傳下去？啊是華人呾華語就夠了？

汝觉得呾潮州话在新加坡应唔应该流传下去？啊是华人呾华语就够了？

(Teochew, Zhao'an Hokkien) to speak a certain language


孬

好抑是孬

孬人

孬食死

(Teochew, Zhao'an Hokkien) not good; bad; poor


林檎

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (林檎):
* → Korean: 임금(林檎) (imgeum)

ja-r

林(りゅう)檎(ごう) (ryūgō)

→ Japanese: 林(りん)檎(ご) (ringo), (obsolete) 林(りゅう)檎(ごう) (ryūgō), (obsolete) 林(りん)檎(き) (rinki)

→ Ainu: リンゴ

→ Amis: lingko

→ Hakka: 林檎 (lin-kó / lin-ngò) → 林檎 (lìm-khìm)

→ Hokkien: 林檎 (lìn-gò͘) → 林檎 (lîm-khîm)

→ Marshallese: diin̄ko

→ Korean: 능금 (neunggeum)

/lɐm²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

/lim²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/leŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kʰim²⁴/

/lim⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰim⁵⁵/

/lɐm²¹ kʰɐm²¹/

/lim²⁴⁻²² kʰim²⁴/

/leŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kʰim²⁴/

/lim⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰim⁵⁵/

Cao Wei
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Western Regions

First attested during the Wei–Jin era.
Likely a loanword from a language in the Western Regions, apples also being a common produce of Central Asia.

(Teochew, Zhao'an and Singapore Hokkien) sugar apple


二弦

→ Zhuang: ngeihyienz

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

/jiː²² jiːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/zi³³⁻²¹ hiɛn²³/

/d͡zi³⁵⁻¹¹ hĩ⁵⁵/

/ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹ ɕi̯ẽ²⁴/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

/jiː²² jiːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/zi³³⁻²¹ hiɛn²³/

/d͡zi³⁵⁻¹¹ hĩ⁵⁵/

/ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹ ɕi̯ẽ²⁴/

(Cantonese, Hakka, Zhao'an Hokkien, specifically) erhu


䆀

(Zhao'an Hokkien) difficult; hard (to do something)


火油

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ joʊ̯³⁵/

/fɔː³⁵ jɐu̯²¹/

/huei⁴⁵³⁻¹³ iu¹³/

/huei³³²⁻⁵⁵ iu²⁴/

/hə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iu²⁴/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu²⁴/

/hue⁵³⁻⁵⁵ iu²⁴/

/hue⁵²⁻³⁵ iu⁵⁵/

/hu³³ ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/hu⁴² ʔiɵ⁵⁵/

/həu⁵² ɦʏ¹¹/

/həu³³ ɦiʏ³⁵/

/ho⁵⁵ ɦiø²¹/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ joʊ̯³⁵/

/fɔː³⁵ jɐu̯²¹/

/huei⁴⁵³⁻¹³ iu¹³/

/huei³³²⁻⁵⁵ iu²⁴/

/hə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iu²⁴/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu²⁴/

/hue⁵³⁻⁵⁵ iu²⁴/

/hue⁵²⁻³⁵ iu⁵⁵/

/hu³³ ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/hu⁴² ʔiɵ⁵⁵/

/həu⁵² ɦʏ¹¹/

/həu³³ ɦiʏ³⁵/

/ho⁵⁵ ɦiø²¹/

(Taiwanese Hakka, Quanzhou, Zhao'an and Taiwanese Hokkien, Haifeng Min) peanut oil


影相

/jɪŋ³⁵ sœːŋ³³⁻³⁵/

/jen⁵⁵ ɬiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

/iaŋ³¹ ɕiɔŋ⁵³/

/iɔŋ²¹ siɔŋ³³/

/jɪŋ³⁵ sœːŋ³³⁻³⁵/

/jen⁵⁵ ɬiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

/iaŋ³¹ ɕiɔŋ⁵³/

/iɔŋ²¹ siɔŋ³³/


目汁

/mʊk̚¹ t͡səp̚¹/

/mʊk̚¹ t͡səp̚¹/

(Can we date this quote?), “耶穌係主”performed by 客家聖樂團:

He will come to wipe away our tears and remove our sorrows.

Kì oi lòi chhu̍t-thet ên ke muk-chṳp, sêu-thet ên ke pî-ôi.

𥘹愛來捽忒𫣆个目汁，消忒𫣆个悲哀。

𥘹爱来捽忒𫣆个目汁，消忒𫣆个悲哀。

2020, “南下列車 [Train to the South]”performed by 羅文裕 [Wing Lo]:

fa kóng yit-pan muk-chṳp tiet-lo̍k lióng sâm hòng

話講一半目汁滴落兩三行

话讲一半目汁滴落两三行

Late Qing/Early Republic, 《古板白蓮花全歌》, volume 1, 潮州 [Chaozhou]: 李萬利, page 12v:

Madam Gim1 listened with tears flowing / The words she wanted to say pressed in her throat

gim¹ si⁶ tian¹ suêh⁴ mag⁸ zab⁴ lao⁵ / u⁶ uê⁷ ain³ dan³ dou¹ ngê⁶ ao⁵

金氏听說目汁流/有話欲呾都硬喉

金氏听说目汁流/有话欲呾都硬喉

(Hakka, Eastern Min, Zhao'an and Dongshan Hokkien, Longyan Min, Datian Min, Teochew, Leizhou Min, Hainanese, Sanxiang Min, Central Min, Shaojiang Min) tears


火焰蛄

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iam²²⁻²¹ kɔ⁴⁴/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iam²²⁻²¹ kɔ⁴⁴/

(Xiamen, Zhao'an and Dongshan Hokkien; Raoping Teochew) firefly; lightning bug; glowworm


荔果

/li⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kuo³¹/

/noi¹¹ kũẽ⁵²/

/noi¹¹ kũãĩ⁵²/

/nai¹¹ kũãĩ⁵²/

/li⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kuo³¹/

/noi¹¹ kũẽ⁵²/

/noi¹¹ kũãĩ⁵²/

/nai¹¹ kũãĩ⁵²/

(Hakka, Teochew, Zhao'an Hokkien) lychee


頷垂仔

/am³³⁻²¹ se²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/am³³⁻²¹ se²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

(Zhao'an and Taiwanese Hokkien) bib (an item of clothing for babies)


呾話

/tã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ue¹¹/

/tã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ue¹¹/

(Teochew, Zhao'an Hokkien) to speak; to talk


紅花女

/xʊŋ¹³ ɸa̠³³ n̠ʲy⁴¹/

/xən¹³ ɸa̠³³ n̠ʲy⁴¹/

/xʊŋ¹³ ɸa̠³³ n̠ʲy⁴¹/

/xən¹³ ɸa̠³³ n̠ʲy⁴¹/

(Teochew, Zhao'an Hokkien, Changsha Xiang) virgin (female); maiden


半暝三更

/puiŋ³³ maŋ³³ saŋ⁵⁴ kaŋ⁵⁴/

/puaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ maŋ⁵³⁽⁻²¹⁾ saŋ⁵⁵ kaŋ⁵⁵/

/pũã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ me⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sã³³⁻²³ kẽ³³/

/puiŋ³³ maŋ³³ saŋ⁵⁴ kaŋ⁵⁴/

/puaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ maŋ⁵³⁽⁻²¹⁾ saŋ⁵⁵ kaŋ⁵⁵/

/pũã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ me⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sã³³⁻²³ kẽ³³/

(Northern Min, Eastern Min, Zhao'an Hokkien, Teochew) in the middle of the night; late at night


豉汁

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/siː²² t͡sɐp̚⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/siː²² t͡sɐp̚⁵/


豹仔

/pau⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ʋe³¹/

/pau⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ʋe³¹/

(dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, Zhao'an Hokkien) leopard


錢蔥

/t͡sĩ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰaŋ³³/

/t͡sĩ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰaŋ³³/

Chinese water chestnut
Chinese water chestnut

(Teochew, Yunxiao, Zhao'an and Singapore Hokkien) Chinese water chestnut


蛤婆

(Zhao'an Hokkien, euphemistic) female genitalia; vulva


位處

/ui²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒøy²¹³/

/ui¹¹⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰy⁴²/

/ui²¹⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰy⁴²/

/ui²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒøy²¹³/

/ui¹¹⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰy⁴²/

/ui²¹⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰy⁴²/

(Eastern Min, Puxian Min, Zhao'an Hokkien) place; location


卵糕

/l̃ouŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋo⁵⁵/

/nø¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾o⁵³³/

/ny²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾o⁵⁴⁴/

/l̃ouŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋo⁵⁵/

/nø¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾o⁵³³/

/ny²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾o⁵⁴⁴/

(Hainanese, Sixian Hakka, Zhao'an Hokkien, Leizhou Min, Eastern Min, Puxian Min) cake


只次

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰɯ²¹³/

/t͡si⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰɯ²¹³/


四散講

/si²¹⁻³³ suã²¹⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁵/

/si²¹⁻⁴² suã²¹⁻⁴² kɔŋ⁴²/

/si²¹⁻³³ suã²¹⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁵/

/si²¹⁻⁴² suã²¹⁻⁴² kɔŋ⁴²/

(Zhao'an, Singapore and Penang Hokkien, Haifeng Min) to talk nonsense


跋獅

/pua⁵³⁻¹¹ sai³³⁴/

/pua⁵³⁻¹¹ sai³³⁴/

(Longyan Min and Zhao'an Hokkien) to perform a lion dance (traditional Chinese dance where performers mimic a lion's movements in a lion costume)


花缽

/fa⁴⁴⁻³⁵ pat̚¹/

/fa⁴⁴⁻³⁵ pat̚¹/

(Gan, Hakka, Northern Min, Zhao'an Hokkien, Teochew, Hainanese) flowerpot


底落

/tit̚⁵⁻²⁴ loʔ⁵/

/tit̚⁵⁻²⁴ loʔ⁵/

(Jinjiang and Zhao'an Hokkien, Xianyou Puxian Min) where


中鞦

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/

幌中鞦／幌中秋 [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― hàiⁿ tong-chhiu [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to play on a swing

(Zhao'an, Yilan, Taichung and Yongjing Hokkien) swing (hanging seat)


卵包仔

(Zhao'an Hokkien) poached egg; fried egg (without breaking yolk)