亮

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *raŋs): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 京 (OC *kraŋ, “building; tower”). In the variant 𠅙, the body of the tower is more recognizable.
Part of an Austroasiatic word family; compare Khmer [script needed] (-rāṃṅa, “to be light; to be bright”) (Schuessler, 2007), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *raaŋʔ (“light; to shine”); as well as:
:* ស្រាំង (srang, “to be pale; to be colourless”) with 爽 (OC *sraŋʔ),
:* [script needed] (brāṅa, “to grow light (after dark)”) with 炳 (OC *praŋʔ).
:* បំព្រាង (bɑmpriəng, “to shed a pale light”) with 明 (OC *mraŋ).
Alternatively, STEDT compares it to Proto-Kuki-Chin *klaaŋ-I, *klaan-II (“to shine; light; bright”).

cog

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Wu, Xiang) lamp; light


乖

According to Xu Shen, 𦫳 together with 𠔁.


傫

(Xiang) to labour; to toil; to work hard


凼

(dialectal Mandarin, Hakka, Gan, Xiang) puddle; pool; pit


凊

/t͡sʰɛiŋ²¹³/

/t͡sʰɛiŋ²¹³/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰleŋs): semantic 仌 (“ice”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ)

Han compound

Having what is warm and light in winter and what is light and cool in summer, they would yet heavily tax the people, robbing them of their means of livelihood.

Dōng zé qīng nuǎn, xià zé qīng qìng, jiē yǐ jù yǐ. Bì hòu zuò liǎn yú bǎixìng, bào duó mín yīshí zhī cái.

冬則輕煗，夏則輕凊，皆已具矣。必厚作斂於百姓，暴奪民衣食之財。

冬则轻暖，夏则轻凊，皆已具矣。必厚作敛于百姓，暴夺民衣食之财。

(Classical, dialectal Mandarin, Xiang, Min, Chuqu Wu) cool, cold


他

Wutunhua: ta (“he; she; it”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l̥ʰaːl): semantic 亻 (“man”) + phonetic 也 (OC *laːlʔ).
Corrupted form of 佗 (OC *l̥ʰaːl, *l'aːl), which is found in Zuozhuan.
Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007). Perhaps cognate with 誃 (OC *l'al, *l̥ʰjalʔ, “to separate”).
The modern sense of "he, she, it" only emerged after the Han period in colloquial passages, and displaced classical 其 (OC *ɡɯ) and 之 (OC *tjɯ) in mandarin dialects. (Pulleyblank, 1995)
The phonological development from Middle Chinese was irregular. The expected reflex is tuō, which is sometimes used in literary contexts for the classical "other" sense, but in most Mandarin dialects it is read like tā.

Han compound

while 渠 is more common in other varieties

Chinese varieties in general do not distinguish gender

distinctions are only sometimes made in writing.佢 is commonly used in Yue

他去了。

我認識他。

我认识他。

All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made.

新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 約翰福音 (John) 1:3

Wànwù shì jièzhe tā zào de; fán bèi zào de, méiyǒu yī yàng bùshì jièzhe tā zào de.

萬物是藉著他造的；凡被造的，沒有一樣不是藉著他造的。

万物是借着他造的；凡被造的，没有一样不是借着他造的。

Since he was afraid neither of wolves and lizards nor of tigers and leopards, [he] went straight to the mountaintop to look around.

Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16ᵗʰ century CE, translation from The Journey to the West (2012), by Anthony C. Yu

Tā yě bù pà lángchóng, bù jù hǔbào, dēng shàng shāndǐng shàng guānkàn.

他也不怕狼蟲，不懼虎豹，登上山頂上觀看。

他也不怕狼虫，不惧虎豹，登上山顶上观看。

My current girl-pupil – named Daiyu, whenever she reads, she pronounces every character mǐn (敏 "hasty") as mì (密 "honey"); whenever [she] writes, [she] lessens every character 敏's number of strokes by one or two.

Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18ᵗʰ century CE

Wǒ zhè nǚxuéshēng míng jiào Dàiyù. Tā dú shū, fán ‘mǐn’ zì, tā jiē niàn zuò ‘mì’ zì; xiě zì, yù zhù ‘mǐn’ zì yì jiǎn yī'èr bǐ.

我這女學生名叫黛玉。他讀書，凡『敏』字，他皆念作『密』字；寫字，遇著『敏』字亦減一二筆。

我这女学生名叫黛玉。他读书，凡『敏』字，他皆念作『密』字；写字，遇着『敏』字亦减一二笔。

(chiefly Mandarin, Jin, Xiang, dialectal Wu, originally gender-neutral; nowadays usually referring to males) he; him; she; her


個

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (個):
* → Japanese: 個(こ) (ko)
* → Korean: 개(個) (gae)
* → Vietnamese: cá (個)

Wutunhua: -ge

→? Baba Malay: punya (semantic loan)

→? Vietnamese: cái

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːls): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 固 (OC *kaːs).
The semantics may have developed along the grammaticalisation process "bamboo stalk" (箇) > "piece, item" > "classifier for every category of noun" > "possessive particle, generic particle". If so, it would then possibly be cognate with 竿 (OC *kaːn, “bamboo, rod”). Compare Tibetan མཁར་བ (mkhar ba), འཁར་བ ('khar ba, “walking stick, staff”) and Thai ก้าน (gâan, “stem, stalk”).
; Southern Min classifier and possessive particle
; Wu classifier and possessive particle

Han compound

个
箇
个
的
亓
ㄟ
兮
ケ
亇

may use corresponding classifier in certain contexts

揀啊揀，揀著一個賣龍眼 / 揀啊揀，揀著一个賣龍眼 / 拣啊拣，拣着一个卖龙眼

kéng--ah kéng, kéng-tio̍h chi̍t ê bē lêng-géng

個個人

个个人

This duck hasn't been cooked long enough for it to become tender.

個隻鴨子勿大酥

个只鸭子勿大酥

(literary or Wu, Xiang, Gan, dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Min) (= 搿 (Northern Wu)) this; that


下

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (下):
* → Japanese: 下(か) (ka); 下(げ) (ge)
* → Korean: 하(下) (ha)
* → Vietnamese: hạ (下)

Characters in the same phonetic series (下) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
In oracle bone script, it is an ideogram (指事) that shows the concept of "down" by showing one line below another (contrast 上). This form evolved into 下 in later scripts, the character used today.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(k/g)la-k/j/t (“to fall”) (STEDT):
* inside Sinitic, cognate with 落 (OC *ɡ·raːɡ, “to fall, to drop”), 露 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs, “dew”), 陊 (OC *l'aːlʔ, *l'alʔ, “to collapse”) and 阤 (OC *l'alʔ, *hljalʔ, “hillside, slope”);
* outside Sinitic, cognate with Mizo tla ~ tlâk (“to fall”), thla ~ thlâk (“to drop”), Burmese ကျ (kya., “to fall”) and ချ (hkya., “to drop”).
Schuessler (2007) instead proposed an Austroasiatic origin by comparing 下 (OC *ɡraːʔ, “to descend, down, below”) to Khmer [script needed] (gra'ka, “be low, debased”); additionally, he suggested that Sino-Tibetan influence had possibly caused the weakening of foreign final *-k to OC final *-ʔ. He derives the departing tone (去聲) pronunciation via two derivations:
* 下 (OC *ɡraːs, “to be put down”) is an exopassive derivation (ibid.);
* 下 (OC *ɡraːs, “to descend, to fall”) is a later, general departing tone derivative (ibid.).

cog

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

alt. forms: 低 (Min Nan)

(Eastern Min, Southern Min, Xiang) low (quantity or absolute position)


圞

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *b·roːn): semantic 囗 + phonetic 欒 (OC *b·roːn).

Han compound

(dialectal, including Liuzhou Mandarin, Pingxiang Gan, Xiang) round


冇

From the removal of the two inner strokes from 有 (“to have”).
Attested at least since 1672, in 《星餘筆記》 by 王鉞:
From 無 (MC mju, “to not have”). In some varieties, such as Cantonese and Xiang, there seems to be fusion or analogy with 有 (MC hjuwX, “to have”) (Chan, 1998; Schuessler, 2007).

When filing pleas, peasants in the Ning county (西寧縣, modern 鬱南縣) often use the local popular writing, it is peculiar when first seen, but when accustomed, each has its meaning, for example: … 冇, sounds like 茂, means "to not have".

Níng sú pǔbǐ suǒ chén diésù duō yòng tǔsú shū, chūjiàn hài'è, xíxián yì gè yǒu yìyì, lìng lüèjì shùzì:...... 冇, yīn mào, wèi wúyǒu yě.

寧俗樸鄙所陳牒訴多用土俗書，初見駭愕，習閒亦各有義意，令略記數字：……冇，音茂，謂無有也。

宁俗朴鄙所陈牒诉多用土俗书，初见骇愕，习闲亦各有义意，令略记数字：……冇，音茂，谓无有也。

You don't have a girlfriend? Of course I don't believe you! ... Maybe you do have one, but you just don't know it.

nei⁵ mou⁵ neoi⁵ pang⁴ jau⁵? gang² hai⁶ m⁴ seon³ laa¹!...... waak⁶ ze² jau⁵. nei⁵ m⁴ zi¹ ze¹.

你冇女朋友？梗係唔信啦！……或者有。你唔知啫。

你冇女朋友？梗系唔信啦！……或者有。你唔知啫。

冇理由㗎。

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, dialectal Gan, Hakka, dialectal Wu, Xiang) to not have; to not exist

我冇同佢講。

我冇同佢讲。

佢幾個月都冇嚟。

佢几个月都冇嚟。

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Xiang) have not; did not (do something) (indicating non-completion of a verb)


奓

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔr'aːl, *ʔr'aːls) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): semantic 大 (“person; big”) + phonetic 多 (OC *ʔl'aːl, “many”).

Han compound

(dialectal Mandarin, Jin, dialectal Wu, dialectal Xiang) to open; to spread; to splay


哈

(Southwestern Mandarin, Xiang) silly; stupid


崽

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔslɯːʔ, *srɯː, *srɯː): semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 思 (OC *snɯ, *snɯs).
Cognate with 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ) and 仔 (OC *ʔslɯʔ).

Han compound

(Guangxi Mandarin, Gan, Pinghua, Xiang) son; child


日

Essentially a substitute character for 入 (MC nyip, “to enter”) that preserves the expected modern pronunciation of 入; see the etymology there for more.

囸
𡆠
𡇁
𡆸
𡇗
𡈎
入
㒲
肏

狗日

Screw their ancestors to the eighteenth generation!

1944, 老舍 (Lao She), 《惶惑》 (Bewilderment), in 《四世同堂》 (Four Generations Under One Roof)

我日他們十八輩兒的祖宗！

我日他们十八辈儿的祖宗！

In one sentence ― Yu the Lame fucked mum's youngest sister.

一句話，于瘸子把小姨日了。

一句话，于瘸子把小姨日了。

At others' instigation, (he would) even say to Su Jie's face that “I want to fuck you”.

Shènzhì zài biérén de sǒngyǒng xià, duì zhe Sū Jié shuō, wǒ xiǎng rì nǐ

甚至在別人的慫恿下，對着蘇婕說，我想日你。

甚至在别人的怂恿下，对着苏婕说，我想日你。

2005, CCTV-1, Drawing Sword, episode qe, spoken by Li Yunlong (Li Youbin):

Yamamoto — fuck your ancestors! Give me a quick response: surrender or not?

Shānběn, wǒ rì nǐ xiānrén! Gěi jù tòngkuài huà, tóujiàng bù tóujiàng?

山本，我日你先人！給句痛快話，投降不投降？

山本，我日你先人！给句痛快话，投降不投降？

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Jin, dialectal Wu, dialectal Xiang, vulgar, often in abuses) to fuck; to have sexual intercourse with


左

Originally written 𠂇 and 䶹 in the oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – a left hand. Compare 又 (“right hand”).
Late bronze inscription forms show an added 工 (“work; to assist?”) component, making the current form a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls) and ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): phonetic 𠂇 (, “left hand”) + semantic 工 (“work”), representing the original form of 佐 (OC *ʔsaːls, “to assist”).
Cognate with 佐 (OC *ʔsaːls, “to assist”) (< be on one's left side); mirror of the semantic relationship between 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “right”) and 佑 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to assist”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Unrelated to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b(w)aj (“left (hand)”) (STEDT).
; “(politics) left-wing”


幾

→ Thai: กี่ (gìi, “how many; how much”)

→ Northern Thai: ᨠᩦ᩵

→ Khün: ᨠᩦ᩵

desc

→ Lü: ᦂᦲᧈ (k̇ii¹)

→ Lü: ᦂᦲᧈ (k̇ii¹)

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 𢆶 (“silk threads; little things”) + 戍 (“to guard against”) – watching over the fine details.
Note that the simplified form 几 (OC *krilʔ, “small table”) is also a traditional character on its own.

Han compound

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Pinghua, Xiang) how; so; such


好

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (好):
* → Japanese: 好(こう) (kō)
* → Korean: 호(好) (ho)
* → Vietnamese: hảo (好)

desc

→ Vietnamese: hẩu (“kind, good, delicious”)

Characters in the same phonetic series (好) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 女 (“woman”) + 子 (“child”).
The widely accepted meaning of this character is that the characters for “female” (女) and “child” (子) were put together to form a compound because it was good for a woman to have a child. Similarly, it has been proposed that the compound originally refers to the mutual affection between the mother and child, which then extended to mean “good”. These theories are supported by the smaller 子 found in some oracle bones and bronze inscriptions. See also 保 and the original version of 乳.
However, broader interpretations of the second character 子 could lead to other theories. 子 could also mean “son”, so it may have meant two children, a boy and a girl next to each other, which is a good fortune to have a boy and a girl. 子 could also mean “man”, so it may have referred to the love between a man and a woman, which is good. Duan Yucai, in his annotated version of Shuowen, interpreted it as originally referring to the beauty of woman. Lastly, it could mean that the “attitude” of a girl was considered good.
The two pronunciations are cognate – pronunciation 2 is the *-s suffixed form, or exoactive/putative of pronunciation 1, literally “to consider good”. Compare 惡 (OC *qaːɡ, “bad; evil”) > 惡 (OC *qaːɡs, “to consider bad; to hate”).
This word has been compared with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hu (“to raise; to rear; to nourish”): Proto-Lolo-Burmese *hu³, Abor-Miri (Tani) u, Mawo Northern Qiang χu, which is only attested in a limited number of languages. If this is correct, it may be related to 畜 (OC *l̥ʰuɡs, *l̥ʰuɡ, *hluɡ, “to raise; to rear; domesticated animal”). Alternatively, compare Tibetan མཁོ (mkho, “necessary, important”).
Cognate with Central Bai hux (“good”), which may be a loanword from Chinese.

cog

⿰女人
㚥
⿱女子
𡥃
𰠗
㝀
𡚽
𡥆
𢑒
𤫧
𩐔

(Southwestern Mandarin, Xiang) how (to what degree)


把

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *praːʔ): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː).

Han compound

to give money (to children) during the Chinese New Year

把壓歲錢

把压岁钱

2002, 李榮 (Li Rong), chief editor, 《現代漢語方言大詞典》 [Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects], Nanjing: Jiangsu Education Publishing House, →ISBN, page 1675

把本書你

把本书你

2002, 李榮 (Li Rong), chief editor, 《現代漢語方言大詞典》 [Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects], Nanjing: Jiangsu Education Publishing House, →ISBN, page 1672

把我一本書

把我一本书

Yú jiā xiǎosī yòu qiāoqiāo de cóng hòumén jiào le yī ge mài cǎo de, bǎ tā sì ge qián.

虞家小廝又悄悄的從後門叫了一個賣草的，把他四個錢。

虞家小厮又悄悄的从后门叫了一个卖草的，把他四个钱。

(archaic or dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Xiang) to give

借把他十塊錢

借把他十块钱

(Xiang) to; with (following verbs to indicate the handing over or passing of something)


滮

(Cantonese, Southwestern Mandarin, Xiang) to ooze, spurt


湓

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pʰɯːns, *bɯːn, *pʰɯns): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 盆 (OC *bɯːn).

Han compound

(Southwestern Mandarin, dialectal Gan, Hakka, dialectal Jin, Xiang, of water, etc.) to overflow


煠

煠菜 [Cantonese] ― saap⁶ coi³ [Jyutping] ― to blanch vegetables

Be patient when having hot pot. You must keep the food in the boiling water a little longer before eating.

daa² bin¹ lou⁴ m⁴ hou² sam¹ gap¹, di¹ sung³ jiu³ saap⁶ noi⁶ di¹ sin¹ hou² sik⁶.

打邊爐唔好心急，啲餸要煠耐啲先好食。

打边炉唔好心急，啲𩠌要煠耐啲先好食。

(dialectal, including Cantonese, Hakka, Eastern Min, Southern Min, Wu, Xiang, cooking) to boil; to blanch (cook by immersing in boiling water)


清

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (265–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

→ English: Ching, Cing, Qing

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰleŋ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)s(j)aŋ (“clear; pure; clean”); cognate with Tibetan གཙང (gtsang, “clean; pure”), Mizo thiang (“to be clear; to be clean; to be pure”), Southern Qiang ɕó, Drung cangma (“clean”), Burmese စင် (cang, “clean, pure”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).
Within Chinese, cognate with 淨 (OC *zeŋs, “clean”), 醒 (OC *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs, “to wake up; to become sober”), and allofamic with 星 (OC *sleːŋ, “star”), 晴 (OC *zleŋ, “(of weather) clear; fine”); possibly also related to 靜 (OC *zleŋʔ, “quiet”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Perhaps an areal word; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *caŋ (“to glitter”) (Schuessler, 2007).

och-l

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, Xiang, Eastern Min, of liquids) dilute, thin


癆

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *raːw, *raːw, *raːws): semantic 疒 (“sickness”) + phonetic 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws).
From 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws, “to toil”) (Wang, 1982).

Han compound

(Xiang, of plants) to wither (in the sun)

(Xiang, of a person) to be dispirited; depressed


癆

Possibly related to 療 (OC *rews, “to cure”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare ancient Chu dialect 瘌 (OC *raːd, “to be poisoned by medication”). Cognate to Mizo ru (“bark, roots, leaves or fruit which can be used to poison fish”), Jingpho mə-rau (“fishing by stupefying fish by poisonous vines”), Burmese ရိုး (rui:, “fish poison”) (Starostin).

cog

(Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Xiang, transitive) to poison


球

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (球):
* → Japanese: 球(きゅう) (kyū)
* → Korean: 구(球) (gu)
* → Vietnamese: cầu (球)

→ Zhuang: giuz

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡu): semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 求 (OC *ɡu).
"Ball", earlier some "kind of jade". Bodman (1980) relates this to Wuming Zhuang klauᴬ² (“ball”), and relates 俅 (qiú, “gem-adorned”) to Tibetan གྲུ (gru, “lustre of gems”). This character had a softened initial in Proto-Min.
Originally written as 毬 (since Tang dynasty). The form 球 (since Qing dynasty) is now more common.

Han compound

一球毛線

一球毛线

(Teochew, Xiang) Classifier for spherical objects, such as balls of string


瓜

1954, 朱頂鶴, 陳雲, directed by 譚伯葉, 鄧轟, and 陳中堅, 好女十八嫁 [Eighteen Marriages of a Smart Girl], spoken by 阮母 (梁淑卿 [Leung Suk Hing]):

Say you "ward off" their son to death with your dejected face. If they don't keep you in the future, you don't stand a chance of coming back here!

nei⁵ waa⁶ nei⁵ seoi¹ hau² seoi¹ min⁶ cung¹ gwaa¹ jan⁴ dei⁶ go³ zai² aa⁴, zoeng¹ loi⁴ jan⁴ dei⁶ m⁴ jung⁴ heoi² nei⁵, ni¹ syu³ nei⁵ dou¹ mai⁵ sai² zi² ji³ faan¹ lei⁴ aa³!

你話你衰口衰面沖瓜人哋個仔呀，將來人哋唔容許你，呢處你都咪使旨意返嚟啊！

你话你衰口衰面冲瓜人哋个仔呀，将来人哋唔容许你，呢处你都咪使旨意返嚟啊！

(Wuhan Mandarin, Cantonese, Xiang, humorous) to die

被難

to be killed in a disaster, political incident


箍

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʷaː): semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 㧜 ()

Han compound

(Wuhan Mandarin, Gan, Xiang) to hug; to embrace


繃

Some compounds are attested at least since Ming dynasty. May be related to 綁／绑 (bǎng) (in 緊綁綁／紧绑绑) used in Yuan era plays.
Mandarin dialects generally use reduplicated 邦 (bāng) instead (e.g. in 硬邦邦 (yìngbāngbāng)), also spelled 梆 (bāng) or 幫／帮 (bāng). See also Hokkien 迸 (piàng) (in 硬迸迸 (ngē-piàng-piàng), 緊迸迸／紧迸迸 (kín-piàng-piàng), etc.).
;very; terribly

绷
綳
䙖
絣
䙀:sling
绷
綳
掹
绷
綳
迸
绷
綳
崩
嘣

(Wu, Xiang, dialectal Mandarin) very; terribly


等

A medieval word, probably related to 待 (OC *dɯːʔ, “to wait”) (Wang, 1982).

等我諗下先。

等我谂下先。

(Cantonese, Xiang) to let; to allow; to permit


腿

/tʰu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴/

/tʰu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *n̥ʰuːlʔ): semantic 肉 (“flesh”) + phonetic 退 (OC *n̥ʰuːbs).
Originally 骽 (OC *n̥ʰuːlʔ).

Han compound

你莫腿囉。

你莫腿啰。


苕

Unclear. It may be a contraction of 山藥 /山药 (shānyao) (Sun, 2014) or a variant of 薯 (shǔ) (Ni and Xiang, 2014).


莫

Pictogram (象形) – the sun (日) sinking into the bushes (屮); dusk. Original form of 暮 (OC *maːɡs, “dusk”).
The bottom was later distorted into 大.
From 無 (OC *ma, “there is no”) + distributive suffix *-k (Schuessler, 2007). For the same type of derivation, see the relationship of 有 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “there is”) and 或 (OC *ɡʷɯːɡ, “some”).

𦶛
𦱤
䒬
勿
嘜
麥
賣
甭
⿰勿愛*

莫做聲！

莫做声！

moʔ⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɛi²⁴²

Don't be too polite. / Make yourself at home.

mŏ̤h-sá̤-nê / [moʔ⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɛi²⁴²]

莫細膩。

moʔ⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛ²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɛi²⁴²

莫细腻。

你莫腿囉。

你莫腿啰。

Don't be panicked when conflagration happens

發生火災莫驚慌

发生火灾莫惊慌

莫為盜！莫為殺人！

莫为盗！莫为杀人！

In life, fully enjoy yourself when you are delighted; do not allow an empty goblet to face the moon.

Rénshēng déyì xū jìn huān, mò shǐ jīnzūn kōng duì yuè.

人生得意須盡歡，莫使金樽空對月。

人生得意须尽欢，莫使金樽空对月。

(literary or dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Eastern Min, Xiang) do not; don't; must not


蠚

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *hnaːɡ, *n̥ʰaɡ): phonetic 若 (OC *nja, *njaʔ, *njaɡ) + semantic 虫 (“insect”).


贏

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *leŋ): phonetic 𣎆 () + semantic 貝 (“cowry; money”).
Despite STEDT, probably not related to 盈 (OC *leŋ, “to fill; full, surplus”), in light of Baxter and Sagart's reconstruction of the Old Chinese pronunciation. Instead, note similarities to Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔoŋ¹ (“to win, complete”), whence Burmese အောင် (aung, “to be victorious”).

cog

赢
𦢼
⿱夃𠀃
⿱亡⿵𠘨贝

(Gan, Xiang) Used with 不 or 得 to express capability.


跍

(Jilu, Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin, Hakka, Gan, Min, Wu, Xiang) to squat

(Southwestern Mandarin, Xiang) to stay (somewhere)


茶

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (茶):
* → Japanese: 茶(ちゃ) (cha) (see there for further descendants)
* → Okinawan: 茶(ちゃー) (chā)
* → Korean: 차(茶) (cha)
* → Vietnamese: trà (茶)

desc

→ Cantonese: 嗲 (de¹, “to chat”) (via Teochew)

→? Cebuano: tsa (via Cantonese)

→ Classical Persian: چَا (čā) (via Mandarin), چَای (čāy) (via Mandarin, with Persian suffix -y(i) added) (see there for further descendants)

→ Drung: cha

→ Dutch: thee (via Hokkien) (see there for further descendants)

→ English: cha, char (via Cantonese)

→ Hlai: dhe (via Hainanese)

→ Khmer: តែ (tae)

→ Malay: ca (via Cantonese)

desctree

→ Malay: teh (via Hokkien)
Indonesian: teh

desc

→ Mongolian: цай (caj), ᠴᠠᠢ (čai) (via Mandarin)

desctree

→ Portuguese: chá (via Cantonese)
→ Apalaí: xa
→ Gujarati: ચા (cā)
→ Hunsrik: Scha
→ Nheengatu: xaa
→ Spanish: cha / chá (Philippine Spanish)
→? Tagalog: tsa, sa — obsolete, cha, saa, tsaa, chaa
→? Cebuano: tsa
→ Tetum: xá

→ Punjabi: (via Mandarin)

Gurmukhi script: ਚਾਹ (cāh)

Shahmukhi script: چاہ (cāh)

→ Spanish: té (via Hokkien)
→ Asturian: té
→ Basque: te
→ Catalan: te
→ Galician: té
→ Navajo: dééh
→ Occitan: tè

→ Proto-Tai: *ɟaːᴬ

Bouyei: xaz

Lao: ຊາ (sā)

Thai: ชา (chaa)

Zhuang: caz

→? Tagalog: tsa (via Cantonese)

→ Tibetan: ཇ (ja)

→ Vietnamese: chè (茶, 𦷨)

→ Yonaguni: さー

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *rlaː): semantic 艹 + phonetic 余 (OC *la).
茶, then slightly modified into a more conservative 茶, originates as a graphical modification of archaic 荼 (*rlaː, “bitter plant”), used for “tea” in classical sources. The modern version is unrelated to the bottom component of 條.
As tea may have originated from Sichuan, where the native Yi people speak Loloish languages, Sagart (1999) suggests that the Old Chinese item was possibly originally borrowed from Proto-Loloish *la¹ (“tea”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-la (“leaf; tea”). Schuessler (2007) traces its ultimate origin to Proto-Austroasiatic *slaʔ (“leaf”) (in Sidwell's 2024 reconstruction).
Alternatively, Qiu (1988) suggests that it might be a semantic extension of 荼 (*rlaː, “bitter plant”).

茶滷

tea left out overnight, stain on teaware

吃茶

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Xiang, Wu) boiled or boiling water


落

→ Ai-Cham: lau⁵

→ Thai: โละ (ló) (via Teochew loh⁸)

→ Vietnamese: lạc

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡ·raːɡ): semantic 艹 + phonetic 洛 (OC *ɡ·raːɡ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(k/g)la-k/y/t (“to fall”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007):
:within Sinitic, cognate to 露 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs) "dew", 下 (OC *ɡraːʔ, *ɡraːs, “down, below, to descend, to fall down”) , 陊 (OC *l'aːlʔ, *l'alʔ) "to collapse" and 阤 (OC *l'alʔ, *hljalʔ) "hillside, slope";
:outsides Sinitic, cognate to Mizo tla ~ tlâk (“to fall”) and thla ~ thlâk (“to drop”), Burmese ကျ (kya., “to fall”) and ချ (hkya., “to drop”).
Schuessler attributes OC *r-, instead of expected **l-, to possible Austroasiatic influence: compare Khmer [script needed] (gra'ka, “be low, debased”) < [script needed] (-ra'ka, “to fall, below, cover from above”). However, Matisoff (2003) identifies several ST etyma which display TB *(C‑)l- vs. OC *(C‑)r‑ correspondence (e.g. *l(j)a(k/ŋ) (“good, beautiful”) → 良 (OC *raŋ), *g/m-liŋ (“neck”) → 領 (OC *reŋʔ), etc.) and TB *(C‑)r- vs. OC *(C‑)l‑ (e.g. *g-rjum (“salt”) → 鹽 (OC *ɡ·lam)); so irregularities in correspondence do not necessarily indicate foreign influences.
Contemporary southern usage possibly reinforced by a Kra-Dai term. The term has been associated with Zhuang loengx (“to fall”).
Zhengzhang suggested that Pronunciation 2 was a result of loss of final consonant of the retained Old Chinese Pronunciation 1.

cog

He had already started to carry an umbrella before the rain even began to fall.

di¹ jyu⁵ jat¹ dik¹ dou¹ mei⁶ lok⁶ keoi⁵ ji⁵ ging¹ hai² dou⁶ lo² zyu⁶ baa² ze¹ haang⁴.

啲雨一滴都未落佢已經喺度攞住把遮行。

啲雨一滴都未落佢已经喺度𫽋住把遮行。

(transitive) (to move something to a lower place)

(Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Huizhou, Min, Southern Pinghua, Wu, Xiang) to fall down; to rain or snow

(to move something to a lower place)
to fall down; to rain or snow


著

→ English: tio

/ʈ͡ʂaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ): semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ta-t (“to put; to place”). Cognate with Tibetan སྟད (stad, “to put on; to lay on”), སྟ་གོན (sta gon, “preparation; arrangement”), Burmese ထား (hta:, “to put; to place”). See also 署 (OC *djas, “to put, place”) (STEDT).

cog

着
着
𣋐
𣥧
囉
就
着
着

(dialectal Mandarin, Xiang) all right; OK; that's exactly what I was thinking


起

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʰɯʔ): semantic 走 + phonetic 巳 (OC *ljɯʔ, *lɯs).
Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kyi (“to lift, raise, awake”); cognate with Burmese ချီ (hkyi, “to lift”) (STEDT).

inh

起緊嘅線路

起紧嘅线路

呢棟樓係新起嘅。

呢栋楼系新起嘅。

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Min, Pinghua, Wu, Xiang) to construct; to build


郎

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (郎):
* → Japanese: 郎(ろう) (rō)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *raːŋ): phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ) + semantic 邑 (“county; town”).
STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/m-laŋ (“penis; male; husband”), including Burmese လင် (lang, “husband”) as a descendant.
However, Zev Handel considers comparison to this root to be improbable since the meaning of "husband; young man" is not attested in early texts. These senses seem to develop from "an official's title", which was a metonymic extension of "veranda or corridor (of a palace or mansion)" (later written as 廊) (Schuessler, 2007). Schuessler (2007) suggests that the Burmese word is a loan from Chinese.

inh

(literary or dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Gan, Xiang, Northern Min) son-in-law (daughter's husband)


那

For pronunciation and definitions of 那 – see 㑚 (“(Wu) you”).
(This character is a variant form of 㑚).
Contraction of 那麼／那么


里

(Xiang) Particle indicating the word preceding it is used as an adverb.


餐

/tʰan³³⁻³³⁵/

/tʰan³³⁻³³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰaːn): phonetic 𣦼 () + semantic 食 (“to eat; meal; food”). Its original meaning was "to swallow".
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dz(j)a-k/n/t/s (“to eat; food; to feed; rice”), whence Tibetan ཟ (za, “to eat”); probably also related to 咀 (OC *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ, “to chew”) (STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Schuessler, 2007).
Alternatively, it may be compared to Tibetan འཚལ ('tshal, “to eat”), ཚལ་མ (tshal ma, “breakfast”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019).

inh

打人一餐 [Cantonese] ― daa² jan⁴ jat¹ caan¹ [Jyutping] ― to give someone a beating

做餐懵 [Cantonese] ― zou⁶ caan¹ mung² [Jyutping] ― to do a lot for litter in return

(Cantonese, Gan, Xiang) Classifier for beatings, scoldings, etc.


齒

Pictogram (象形) – a mouth full of teeth. 之 (zhī) or 止 (zhǐ) was later added on top as a phonetic component.
Unclear. Not related to Tibetan མཆེ་བ (mche ba, “fang, tusk”), which is cognate with 齻 /𱌺 (diān, “eyetooth”), but may be the same word as Proto-Min *kʰiᴮ (“tooth”). Another possibility is a derivation from an Austroasiatic etymon; Schuessler, 2007 (p.188) suggests a possible relationship to Khmer ខ្នាយ (khnaay, “tusk, spur”), as Austroasiatic medial /n/ is often deleted in loans.

齿
歯
𠔒
𠚒
𠚕
𡽔
𣥫
𣦋
𣦗
𦥒
𦦂
𦥪

It would be better to not pay attention to him.

你莫齒他就是的。

你莫齿他就是的。

我才懶齒得。

我才懒齿得。

(Xiang) pay attention, to be concerned with


鼻子

→? English: beezer

/piəʔ⁵⁴ t͡səʔ¹/

/piəʔ⁵⁴ t͡səʔ¹/

/pi³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pi³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(dialectal Mandarin, Jin, Xiang) nasal mucus; snot


愛人

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən¹/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ʐəɻ³⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ jɐn²¹/

/oi̯⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/

/ai¹¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/

/ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lin²⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zin¹³/

/ai²¹⁻⁴¹ zin²³/

/ãĩ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/

/e³³ n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ʐən¹/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ ʐəɻ³⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ jɐn²¹/

/oi̯⁵⁵ ŋin¹¹/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/

/ai¹¹⁻⁵³ lin²⁴/

/ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lin²⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zin¹³/

/ai²¹⁻⁴¹ zin²³/

/ãĩ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡ziŋ⁵⁵/

/e³³ n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

Various senses attestable in Classical and Literary Chinese. The senses "spouse" and "lover" are from Japanese 愛人

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Jin, Xiang or literary) lovable; adorable; cute; endearing


公子

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/kɔŋ³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/koŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/kɔŋ³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/koŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/kʊŋ³³ t͡si³/

/kən³³ t͡ɕi³/

/kʊŋ³³ t͡si³/

/kən³³ t͡ɕi³/


東西

→ White Hmong: toobxib

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/toŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴ ɕi²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁴⁴ si⁴⁴/

/tuŋ¹¹ ɕi¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/tɔŋ³³ si³³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/toŋ⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

/toŋ³³ ɕi⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/toŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴ ɕi²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁴⁴ si⁴⁴/

/tuŋ¹¹ ɕi¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/tɔŋ³³ si³³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/toŋ⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

/toŋ³³ ɕi⁵¹/

; "thing; stuff"
Unknown. Many theories exist.

我有東西要給你。

我有东西要给你。

把我的東西還給我。

把我的东西还给我。

我還有很多東西要學。

我还有很多东西要学。

How can I see that which does not exist?

Bù cúnzài de dōngxi, wǒ zěnme nénggòu kàn de dào?

不存在的東西，我怎麼能夠看得到？

不存在的东西，我怎么能够看得到？

(chiefly Mandarin, Gan, Hakka, Jin, Xiang) thing; stuff; something (Classifier: 個／个; 件; 樣／样)


親像

亲像
親象
田像
田象
參像

/t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi̯oŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiũ²²/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiũ³³/

/t͡sʰin³³ t͡sʰiũ³³/

/t͡sʰin³³ t͡sʰiũ²²/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/

/t͡sʰan⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiũ³³/

/t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰĩõ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰĩẽ³⁵/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰĩõ³⁵/

/t͡sʰin³³ t͡si̯æn²¹⁻¹¹/

/t͡ɕʰin³³ t͡ɕi̯æn²¹⁻¹¹/

/t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi̯oŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiũ²²/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiũ³³/

/t͡sʰin³³ t͡sʰiũ³³/

/t͡sʰin³³ t͡sʰiũ²²/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/

/t͡sʰan⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiũ³³/

/t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰĩõ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰĩẽ³⁵/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰĩõ³⁵/

/t͡sʰin³³ t͡si̯æn²¹⁻¹¹/

/t͡ɕʰin³³ t͡ɕi̯æn²¹⁻¹¹/

隨

of a parent in appearance or disposition


石油

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (石油):
* → Japanese: 石(せき)油(ゆ) (sekiyu)
* → Korean: 석유(石油) (seogyu)

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ joʊ̯³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²⁴ iou²⁴/

/sɛːk̚² jɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ iu¹³/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ iu²³/

/zaʔ¹¹ ɦiɤ²³/

/ʂʐ̩²⁴ i̯əu̯¹³/

/sz̩²⁴ i̯əu̯¹³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ joʊ̯³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²⁴ iou²⁴/

/sɛːk̚² jɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ iu¹³/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ iu²³/

/zaʔ¹¹ ɦiɤ²³/

/ʂʐ̩²⁴ i̯əu̯¹³/

/sz̩²⁴ i̯əu̯¹³/

Recorded in the writings of Shen Kuo in the 11th century. Compare petroleum with a nearly identical word-formation.


分子

/ɸən³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɸən²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ɸən³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɸən²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/


頭前

/tʰəu¹¹ t͡ɕʰie¹¹/

/tʰe³³ t͡siŋ³³/

/tʰau²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ²³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰau²³⁻²¹ t͡seŋ²³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²¹ t͡seŋ²⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰau¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ¹³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² t͡suĩ²⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sãi²⁴/

/tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sõĩ⁵⁵/

/tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sãĩ⁵⁵/

/təu̯¹³ t͡si̯ẽ¹³/

/təu̯¹³ t͡ɕi̯ẽ¹³/

/d̥ɘu̯¹¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn¹¹/

/tʰəu¹¹ t͡ɕʰie¹¹/

/tʰe³³ t͡siŋ³³/

/tʰau²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ²³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰau²³⁻²¹ t͡seŋ²³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²¹ t͡seŋ²⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰau¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ¹³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² t͡suĩ²⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sãi²⁴/

/tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sõĩ⁵⁵/

/tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sãĩ⁵⁵/

/təu̯¹³ t͡si̯ẽ¹³/

/təu̯¹³ t͡ɕi̯ẽ¹³/

/d̥ɘu̯¹¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn¹¹/

(Hakka, Jin, Northern Min, Southern Min, Xiang) in front; ahead


哪個

/nä²¹⁴ g̊ə⁴/

/neɪ̯²¹⁴ g̊ə⁴/

/naː¹³ kɔː³³/

/la²¹³⁻¹³ ˈko³⁵/

/la²¹³⁻²¹ ko¹/

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko²¹/

/nã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ko⁴¹/

/nä²¹⁴ g̊ə⁴/

/neɪ̯²¹⁴ g̊ə⁴/

/naː¹³ kɔː³³/

/la²¹³⁻¹³ ˈko³⁵/

/la²¹³⁻²¹ ko¹/

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko²¹/

/nã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ko⁴¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Hakka, Gan, dialectal Jin, Xiang) who


耗子

/xɑʊ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/xɑʊ̯³²⁴⁻³¹ t͡sz̩³/

/xɑʊ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/xɑʊ̯³²⁴⁻³¹ t͡sz̩³/

c. 1906, Li Baojia, Officialdom Unmasked

Zhídào jiālǐ yǎng le ge māo, měitiān zhǐ gěi tā yī dùn fàn chī, dàole wǎnshàng jiù bù gěi tā chī le, děng tā è zhe dùpí, tā yào zhǎo shí chī, jiù děi zhuō hàozi.

職道家裡養了個貓，每天只給他一頓飯吃，到了晚上就不給他吃了，等他餓著肚皮，他要找食吃，就得捉耗子。

职道家里养了个猫，每天只给他一顿饭吃，到了晚上就不给他吃了，等他饿着肚皮，他要找食吃，就得捉耗子。

(chiefly dialectal Mandarin, Jin, dialectal Xiang, countable) mouse; rat (Classifier: 隻／只 m)


聽講

/tʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/tʰɪŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/tʰɪŋ³³ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/tʰiã³³ kaŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁵³/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴¹/

/tʰin⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

/tʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/tʰɪŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/tʰɪŋ³³ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/tʰiã³³ kaŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁵³/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴¹/

/tʰin⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

/hiaŋ³³ kɔŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaŋ²⁴ koŋ³¹/

/tʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kɔŋ³¹/

/tʰiã³³ kɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴¹/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴²/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁵³/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁵³/

/tʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/hiaŋ³³ kɔŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaŋ²⁴ koŋ³¹/

/tʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kɔŋ³¹/

/tʰiã³³ kɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴¹/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴²/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁵³/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁵³/

/tʰin⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Hakka, Leizhou Min, Hainanese, Huizhou, Pinghua, Zhejiang Wu, Xiang) to be obedient


鑌鐵

/pin⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐn⁵⁵ tʰiːt̚³/

/pin⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐn⁵⁵ tʰiːt̚³/


接應

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ iŋ⁵¹/

/t͡siːp̚³ jɪŋ³³/

/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ²¹/

/t͡siap̚⁵⁻²⁴ iɪŋ⁴¹/

/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁵ iɪŋ²¹/

/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ¹¹/

/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯e̞²⁴ in⁴⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ iŋ⁵¹/

/t͡siːp̚³ jɪŋ³³/

/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ²¹/

/t͡siap̚⁵⁻²⁴ iɪŋ⁴¹/

/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁵ iɪŋ²¹/

/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ¹¹/

/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ iɪŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯e̞²⁴ in⁴⁵/


行路

/ɕiŋ³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/hɐŋ²¹ lou̯²²/

/ɕiŋ³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/hɐŋ²¹ lou̯²²/

/haːŋ²¹ lou̯²²/

/kiã¹³⁻²² lɔ²²/

/kiã²³⁻³³ lɔ³³/

/kiã²⁴⁻²² lɔ⁴¹/

/kiã²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔ³³/

/kiã²⁴⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/kiã²⁴⁻²² lɔ²²/

/kĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lou¹¹/

/ɕiŋ³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/haːŋ²¹ lou̯²²/

/kiã¹³⁻²² lɔ²²/

/kiã²³⁻³³ lɔ³³/

/kiã²⁴⁻²² lɔ⁴¹/

/kiã²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔ³³/

/kiã²⁴⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/kiã²⁴⁻²² lɔ²²/

/kĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lou¹¹/

to not pay attention where one is walking

行路唔睇路

to go to the wrong place; to become lost

行錯路

行错路

(chiefly Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Huizhou, Southern Min, Xiang) to walk; to get somewhere by foot


何得

How can your condition get better if you don't take your medicine?

1998, 鮑厚星 et al. (editors), 長沙方言詞典, page 90

nyi³ bu⁶ qia⁶ io⁶, bin⁴ iou⁵ o² de hau³ lo

你不喫藥，病又何得好囉

你不吃药，病又何得好啰

(literary or Xiang) how can one (rhetorical)


亂彈

/lu̯än⁵¹ tʰän³⁵/

/lan²²⁻²¹ tʰan²⁴/

/lan⁴¹⁻²² tʰan²⁴/

/lan²²⁻²¹ tʰan¹³/

/lan³³⁻¹¹ tʰan²⁴/

/lan³³⁻²¹ tʰan²³/

/lõ²¹⁻¹¹ tan¹³/

/lu̯än⁵¹ tʰän³⁵/

/lan²²⁻²¹ tʰan²⁴/

/lan⁴¹⁻²² tʰan²⁴/

/lan²²⁻²¹ tʰan¹³/

/lan³³⁻¹¹ tʰan²⁴/

/lan³³⁻²¹ tʰan²³/

/lõ²¹⁻¹¹ tan¹³/

An originally derogatory term referring to the tuning system of seven equal divisions of the octave used by local Chinese opera/theater forms during the Qing Dynasty; this system was regarded by some as inferior to the Pythagorean system of tuning, with its twelve divisions of the octave, which had been used during the Ming Dynasty.

(Xiang, music) one of the two major types of vocal music in Hunanese opera


東頭

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/toŋ⁵⁵ dɤ²¹/

/tʊŋ³³ təu̯³/

/tən³³ təu̯³/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/toŋ⁵⁵ dɤ²¹/

/tʊŋ³³ təu̯³/

/tən³³ təu̯³/


婆婆

/pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³/

/pʰo²¹ pʰo²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/pʰo²¹ pʰo²¹/

/pʰɔː²¹ pʰɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰɔː²¹ pʰɔː²¹/

/pᵘɔ²² pᵘɔ²²/

/pʰɤ¹¹ pʰɤ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/po¹³⁻²² po¹³/

/po²⁴⁻²² po²⁴/

/pʰua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰua⁵⁵/

/pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³/

/pʰo²¹ pʰo²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/pʰo²¹ pʰo²¹/

/pʰɔː²¹ pʰɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰɔː²¹ pʰɔː²¹/

/pᵘɔ²² pᵘɔ²²/

/pʰɤ¹¹ pʰɤ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/po¹³⁻²² po¹³/

/po²⁴⁻²² po²⁴/

/pʰua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰua⁵⁵/

paternal grandmother
paternal grandmother

(Gan, dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Xiang, dialectal Wu) paternal grandmother


鞭子

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/piɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/piɛn³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/pi̯ẽ³³ t͡sz̩³/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/piɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/piɛn³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/pi̯ẽ³³ t͡sz̩³/


零碎

/liŋ³⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/lɪŋ²¹ sɵy̯³³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰui⁴¹/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰui²¹/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰui²¹/

/lan²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰui¹¹/

/lan²³⁻³³ t͡sʰui²¹/

/liŋ³⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/lɪŋ²¹ sɵy̯³³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰui⁴¹/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰui²¹/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰui²¹/

/lan²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰui¹¹/

/lan²³⁻³³ t͡sʰui²¹/

(Sichuanese, Gan, Xiang, Suzhounese) snack, between-meal nibbles (a light meal)


下堂

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/haː²² tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ha⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰɔŋ¹¹/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/haː²² tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ha⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰɔŋ¹¹/

/ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ tan¹³/

/ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ tan¹³/

(Xiang) to go with a remarried mother (of a small child)


公公

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ g̊ʊŋ²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kuŋ¹¹ kuŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ kɔŋ³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/koŋ⁵⁵ koŋ²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ g̊ʊŋ²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kuŋ¹¹ kuŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ kɔŋ³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/koŋ⁵⁵ koŋ²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ³³ kʊŋ³/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ g̊ʊŋ²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ kɔŋ³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʊŋ³³ kʊŋ³/

GT - General Taiwanese (no particular region identified)

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, dialectal Hakka, Huizhou, Handan Jin, Northern Min, Xiang, dialectal Wu) paternal grandfather


㞎㞎

/pä²¹⁴ b̥ä⁴/

/pa⁵³ pa⁵³⁻²¹/

/pa²¹³⁻²¹ pa¹/

/pa⁵³ pa⁵³⁻¹¹/

/pä²¹⁴ b̥ä⁴/

/pa⁵³ pa⁵³⁻²¹/

/pa²¹³⁻²¹ pa¹/

/pa⁵³ pa⁵³⁻¹¹/


夜貓子

/jɛ⁵¹ mɑʊ̯⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/iɛ²¹³ mau⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/jɛː²² maːu̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/i̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ mɒu̯³³ t͡sz̩³/

/jɛ⁵¹ mɑʊ̯⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/iɛ²¹³ mau⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/jɛː²² maːu̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/i̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ mɒu̯³³ t͡sz̩³/

你是個夜貓子，還是早起者？

你是个夜猫子，还是早起者？

(chiefly Mandarin, Xiang, colloquial, figurative) night owl (Classifier: 個／个 m; 隻／只 m)

(Xiang, figurative) someone who does bad things at night


豌豆

/wän⁵⁵ toʊ̯⁵¹/

/wuːn³⁵ tɐu̯²²⁻³⁵/

/ˈuɵn⁴² tʰɛu¹¹/

/van²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰeu̯⁵⁵/

/væ̃¹¹ təu⁴⁵/

/uaŋ³³⁻²³ tau¹¹/

/u̯an³³ təu̯²¹⁻¹¹/

/wän⁵⁵ toʊ̯⁵¹/

/wuːn³⁵ tɐu̯²²⁻³⁵/

/ˈuɵn⁴² tʰɛu¹¹/

/van²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰeu̯⁵⁵/

/væ̃¹¹ təu⁴⁵/

/uaŋ³³⁻²³ tau¹¹/

/u̯an³³ təu̯²¹⁻¹¹/

(Xiang) broad bean; fava bean (Vicia faba)


打住

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/

/taː³⁵ t͡syː²²/

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/

/taː³⁵ t͡syː²²/

/ta̠⁴¹ t͡ɕy²¹⁻¹¹/

/ta̠⁴¹ t͡ɕy²¹⁻¹¹/


黃芽白

→ English: wombok

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄧㄚˊ ㄅㄞˊ

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ jä³⁵ paɪ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ ŋaː²¹ paːk̚²/

/ʋɔŋ¹¹ ŋa¹¹ pʰak̚⁵/

/u̯an¹³ i̯a̠¹³ pɤ̞²⁴/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ jä³⁵ paɪ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ ŋaː²¹ paːk̚²/

/ʋɔŋ¹¹ ŋa¹¹ pʰak̚⁵/

/u̯an¹³ i̯a̠¹³ pɤ̞²⁴/

(chiefly Wuhan Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Xiang) napa cabbage


筆法

Sino-Xenic (筆法):
* → Japanese: 筆法(ひっぽう) (hippō)
* → Korean: 필법(筆法) (pilbeop)
* → Vietnamese: bút pháp (筆法)

/pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/piʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ huɑʔ²⁴/

/piɪʔ³³ faʔ⁴⁴/

/pi²⁴ ɸa̠²⁴/

/pi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/piʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ huɑʔ²⁴/

/piɪʔ³³ faʔ⁴⁴/

/pi²⁴ ɸa̠²⁴/

(Xiang) stroke order in which Chinese characters are written


專門

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/t͡sᵘɔn³³ ᵐbᵘɔn²²/

/t͡sɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ mun¹¹/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻²² muĩ¹³/

/t͡sø⁵⁵ mən²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/t͡sᵘɔn³³ ᵐbᵘɔn²²/

/t͡sɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ mun¹¹/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻²² muĩ¹³/

/t͡sø⁵⁵ mən²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ məɻ³⁵/

/t͡syːn⁵⁵ muːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡ɕy̯ẽ³³ mən¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ məɻ³⁵/

/t͡syːn⁵⁵ muːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sᵘɔn³³ ᵐbᵘɔn²²/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻²² muĩ¹³/

/t͡sø⁵⁵ mən²¹/

/t͡ɕy̯ẽ³³ mən¹³/


唧唧

/t͡ɕi⁴⁵ t͡ɕi⁴⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁴⁵ t͡ɕi⁴⁵/


娘老子

/ni̯ɑŋ³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/n̠ʲiæ̃²² lɔ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/n̠ʲi̯æn¹³ lɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ni̯ɔŋ¹³ lɤ⁴²⁻¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ni̯ɑŋ³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/n̠ʲiæ̃²² lɔ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/n̠ʲi̯æn¹³ lɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ni̯ɔŋ¹³ lɤ⁴²⁻¹ t͡sz̩³/


阿娘

/ˀä⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/a²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/aː³³ nœːŋ²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niã²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²³/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nie⁵⁵/

/a³³⁻²³ nio⁵⁵/

/a⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/aʔ³³ n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/a²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/aː³³ nœːŋ²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niã²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²³/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nie⁵⁵/

/a³³⁻²³ nio⁵⁵/

/a⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/aʔ³³ n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nia⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nia⁵⁵/

† - father's elder sister; ‡ - father's younger sister; § - married; ≠ - unmarried; ¶ - face-to-face; ∅ - non-face-to-face

After eating all sorts of exotic delicacies, Mom’s food is still more tasty.

Chia̍h phiàn liáu san-tin-hái-bī, iá-sī a-niâ chú ê khah ū chu-bī

吃遍了山珍海味 也是阿娘煮的卡有滋味

吃遍了山珍海味 也是阿娘煮的卡有滋味

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Huaining Gan, Xiayang Northern Min, Southern Min, Jinxiang Wu, Chenxi Xiang) mother

Xiayang Northern Min; Chenxi Xiang; Xiayang Northern Min; Chenxi Xiang


油炸鬼

desc

→ Vietnamese: dầu cháo quẩy, giò cháo quẩy

ㄧㄡˊ ㄓㄚˊ ㄍㄨㄟˇ

ㄧㄡˊ ㄓㄚˋ ㄍㄨㄟˇ

/joʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂä³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/joʊ̯³⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ä³ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/joʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐu̯²¹ t͡saː³³ kʷɐi̯³⁵/

/iu¹¹ t͡sa⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kuɪ³¹/

/iu²⁴⁻²² t͡sa(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kui⁵⁵⁴/

/i̯əu̯¹³ t͡sa̠²⁴ ku̯e̞i̯⁴¹/

/joʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂä³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/joʊ̯³⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ä³ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/joʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐu̯²¹ t͡saː³³ kʷɐi̯³⁵/

/iu¹¹ t͡sa⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kuɪ³¹/

/iu²⁴⁻²² t͡sa(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kui⁵⁵⁴/

/i̯əu̯¹³ t͡sa̠²⁴ ku̯e̞i̯⁴¹/


爺娘

/jɛ³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/jɛː²¹ nœːŋ²¹/

/ia³⁵ n̠ʲiɔŋ²/

/i̯a¹¹ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/ʒa⁵⁵ ŋioŋ⁵⁵/

/ɦia²² n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/ɦia²² n̠ʲiã²²/

/i̯a̠¹³ n̠ʲi̯æn¹³/

/jɛ³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/jɛː²¹ nœːŋ²¹/

/ia³⁵ n̠ʲiɔŋ²/

/i̯a¹¹ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/ʒa⁵⁵ ŋioŋ⁵⁵/

/ɦia²² n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/ɦia²² n̠ʲiã²²/

/i̯a̠¹³ n̠ʲi̯æn¹³/

No sound of her parents hailing their girl, just the rumbling waters of the Yellow River.

bù wén yéniáng huàn nǚ shēng, dàn wén Huánghé liúshuǐ míng jiànjiàn

不聞爺娘喚女聲，但聞黃河流水鳴濺濺

不闻爷娘唤女声，但闻黄河流水鸣溅溅

(literary or Gan, Hakka, Xiang, Wu) parents

毋識字怨爺娘，毋會賺錢怨屋場 / 毋识字怨爷娘，毋会赚钱怨屋场

m̀ sṳt-sṳ yen yà-ngiòng, m̀-voi chhon-chhièn yen vuk-chhòng

爺娘想子長江水，子想爺娘擔竿長 / 爷娘想子长江水，子想爷娘担竿长

yà-ngiòng sióng chṳ́ chhòng-kông súi, chṳ́ sióng yà-ngiòng tam-kôn chhòng


妹子

/meɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/muːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

/moi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/mɛ⁵⁵ t͡siɛ²¹/

/me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/mai̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/meɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/muːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

/moi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/mɛ⁵⁵ t͡siɛ²¹/

/me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/mai̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/meɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/muːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, Jin, Northern Min, Wu, Xiang) younger sister

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Hakka, Xiang) young lady; miss


妹子

/meɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/muːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

/moi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/mɛ⁵⁵ t͡siɛ²¹/

/me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/mai̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/meɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/muːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

/moi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/mɛ⁵⁵ t͡siɛ²¹/

/me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/mai̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/meɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/muːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

(Xiang, Zhao'an Hakka, endearing) little girl


後背

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/hɐu̯²² puːi̯³³/

/heu³² pᵘɔi³³⁻²¹/

/heu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ poɪ⁵³/

/xəu̯²¹⁻¹¹ pe̞i̯⁴⁵/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/hɐu̯²² puːi̯³³/

/heu³² pᵘɔi³³⁻²¹/

/heu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ poɪ⁵³/

/xəu̯²¹⁻¹¹ pe̞i̯⁴⁵/

And, behold, a woman, which was diseased with an issue of blood twelve years, came behind him, and touched the hem of his garment.

現代臺灣客語譯本 (Today's Taiwan Hakka Version), 馬太福音 (Matthew) 9:20

Yû yit-ke fu-ngìn-kâ, pot hiet-leu-phiang sṳ̍p-ngi ngièn; kì hàng-to Yâ-sû ke heu-poi, miâ kì ke sâm-mî.

有一個婦人家，發血漏病十二年；姖行到耶穌个後背，摸佢个衫尾。

有一个妇人家，发血漏病十二年；姖行到耶稣个后背，摸佢个衫尾。

(Lichuan Gan, Hakka, Pinghua, Taishanese, Xiang, Ningbonese) behind; rear; back


夾肢窩

/kä⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ʐ̩² wɔ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ wɔ⁵⁵/

/kaːp̚³ t͡siː⁵⁵ wɔː⁵⁵/

/ka̠²⁴ t͡ɕi³³ o³³/

/kä⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ʐ̩² wɔ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ wɔ⁵⁵/

/kaːp̚³ t͡siː⁵⁵ wɔː⁵⁵/

/ka̠²⁴ t͡ɕi³³ o³³/

(chiefly Mandarin, Xiang, Wu, colloquial) armpit


斗篷

/toʊ̯²¹⁴ pʰɤŋ⁴/

/toʊ̯²¹⁴ pʰɤ̃ɻ⁴/

/təu⁵³ pʰoŋ²¹/

/tɐu̯³⁵ pʰʊŋ²¹/

/tɛu²¹³⁻²¹ pʰuŋ¹/

/teu³¹ pʰʊŋ¹¹/

/təu̯⁴¹ pʊŋ¹³/

/təu̯⁴¹ pən¹³/

/toʊ̯²¹⁴ pʰɤŋ⁴/

/toʊ̯²¹⁴ pʰɤ̃ɻ⁴/

/təu⁵³ pʰoŋ²¹/

/tɐu̯³⁵ pʰʊŋ²¹/

/tɛu²¹³⁻²¹ pʰuŋ¹/

/teu³¹ pʰʊŋ¹¹/

/təu̯⁴¹ pʊŋ¹³/

/təu̯⁴¹ pən¹³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Xiang) Asian conical hat


㔶

㔶被

𱑉被


頸筋

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ kən⁵³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɔ̃⁴² t͡ɕin⁴⁴⁻³³/

/t͡ɕi̯an³³ t͡ɕin⁴⁴⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ kən⁵³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɔ̃⁴² t͡ɕin⁴⁴⁻³³/

/t͡ɕi̯an³³ t͡ɕin⁴⁴⁵/


㖸

For pronunciation and definitions of 㖸 – see 噱.
(This character is a variant form of 噱).


包頭

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/paːu̯⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/pau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/pau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴/

/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³/

/pau³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵/

/pɒu̯³³ təu̯¹³/

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/paːu̯⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/pau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/pau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴/

/pau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³/

/pau³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵/

/pɒu̯³³ təu̯¹³/

(Xiang) foreman contracted for a project


㿸

(Hakka, Xiang, Pingxiang Gan) grime or dirt on one's body (especially the skin)


端子

/tu̯än⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/tu̯än⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/tõ³³ t͡sz̩³/

/tõ³³ t͡sz̩³/

(Xiang) water ladle made of thick bamboo tube (with a long handle)


額外

/ˀɤ³⁵ waɪ̯⁵¹/

/ŋaːk̚² ŋɔːi̯²²/

/ɡia(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡua²²/

/ɡia(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ɡua⁴¹/

/ɡia(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡua²²/

/ɡia(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ɡua³³/

/ɡia(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡua³³/

/ˀɤ³⁵ waɪ̯⁵¹/

/ŋaːk̚² ŋɔːi̯²²/

/ɡia(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡua²²/

/ɡia(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ɡua⁴¹/

/ɡia(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡua²²/

/ɡia(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ɡua³³/

/ɡia(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ɡua³³/

/ŋɤ̞²⁴ u̯ai̯²¹⁻¹¹/

/ŋɤ̞²⁴ u̯ai̯²¹⁻¹¹/

(Xiang) especially; particularly; specially

(Xiang) additionally; another; otherwise; different


造孽

/t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ni̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sau²¹³ nʲiɛ²¹/

/t͡so²²⁻²¹ ɡiɛt̚⁴/

/t͡so³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɛt̚⁴/

/t͡sɤ³³⁻²¹ ɡiɛt̚⁴/

/t͡so²²⁻²¹ ɡiɛt̚¹²¹/

/t͡so²² ɡiɛt̚²⁴/

/t͡sʰɒu̯⁴⁵ n̠ʲi̯e̞²⁴/

/t͡sɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ n̠ʲi̯e̞²⁴/

/t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ni̯ɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sau²¹³ nʲiɛ²¹/

/t͡so²²⁻²¹ ɡiɛt̚⁴/

/t͡so³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɛt̚⁴/

/t͡sɤ³³⁻²¹ ɡiɛt̚⁴/

/t͡so²²⁻²¹ ɡiɛt̚¹²¹/

/t͡so²² ɡiɛt̚²⁴/

/t͡sʰɒu̯⁴⁵ n̠ʲi̯e̞²⁴/

/t͡sɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ n̠ʲi̯e̞²⁴/


姆媽

/m̩⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³/

/m̩³³ ma̠³³/

/m̩³³ mä⁴⁴⁵/

/m̩⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³/

/m̩³³ ma̠³³/

/m̩³³ mä⁴⁴⁵/

(dialectal, chiefly Gan, Wu, Xiang) mother


還價

/xu̯än³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/huan¹³⁻²² kɛ²¹/

/ɸan¹³ t͡ɕi̯a̠⁴⁵/

/xu̯än³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/huan¹³⁻²² kɛ²¹/

/ɸan¹³ t͡ɕi̯a̠⁴⁵/

(Xiang) to answer back (to one's parents or superiors); to talk back


小菜

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɑɻ⁵¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/ɕiɔ³³ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/siæ⁵² t͡sʰe³³/

/si̯ɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sʰai̯⁴⁵/

/ɕi̯ɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sʰai̯⁴⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰɑɻ⁵¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/ɕiɔ³³ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/siæ⁵² t͡sʰe³³/

/si̯ɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sʰai̯⁴⁵/

/ɕi̯ɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sʰai̯⁴⁵/

(Southwestern Mandarin, Xiang) vegetable; greens


吃酒

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰz̩²¹ t͡ɕiəu⁵³/

/t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁵ t͡ɕiu²¹³/

/t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁴⁴ t͡ɕiɤ³⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴ t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ä²² t͡ɕi̯u³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰz̩²¹ t͡ɕiəu⁵³/

/t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁵ t͡ɕiu²¹³/

/t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁴⁴ t͡ɕiɤ³⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴ t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ä²² t͡ɕi̯u³³/

(Xiang, specifically) to have a wedding feast (where one celebrates by drinking alcohol)


老兄

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (老兄):
* → Japanese: 老兄(ろうけい) (rōkei)
* → Korean: 노형(老兄) (nohyeong), 로형(老兄) (rohyeong)

→ Cantonese: 撈鬆 /捞松 (laau¹ sung¹)

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lou̯¹³ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/lau³³⁻²¹ hiã⁴⁴/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ hiã⁴⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiã⁴⁴/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hiã⁴⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lɑʊ̯³³ ɕi̯an⁴⁴⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lou̯¹³ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/lau³³⁻²¹ hiã⁴⁴/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ hiã⁴⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiã⁴⁴/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hiã⁴⁴/

/lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/lɑʊ̯³³ ɕi̯an⁴⁴⁵/

>< - face-to-face; <> - non-face-to-face

(Ruijin Hakka, Xiang) elder brother; big brother


順手

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹ ʂɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵn²² sɐu̯³⁵/

/sun²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/sun⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴/

/sun²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/sun³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/sun³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/zən²² sɤ⁴⁴/

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹ ʂɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵn²² sɐu̯³⁵/

/sun²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/sun⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴/

/sun²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/sun³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/sun³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/zən²² sɤ⁴⁴/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Gan, Huizhou, Northern Min, Wu, dialectal Xiang) right hand


衫袖

/ʂän⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯²²/

/ˈsan⁴² t͡ɕʰiu¹¹/

/sam²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi̯u⁵⁵/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/ʂän⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯²²/

/ˈsan⁴² t͡ɕʰiu¹¹/

/sam²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi̯u⁵⁵/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

(Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Huizhou, dialectal Min, dialectal Wu, Xiang) sleeve


巴巴

(Xiang) round seal for stamping or a round stamp from a seal


睏覺

/kʰu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/fɐn³³ kaːu̯³³/

/kʷʰɐn³³ kaːu̯³³/

/kʰun²¹³⁻¹³ ˈkau³⁵/

/kʰuən⁴⁴ kɔ³⁴/

/kʰuən⁵⁵ kɔ²¹/

/kʰuən³³ kɔ⁴⁴/

/kʰuən³³ kɔ⁵³/

/kʰuən⁵² kæ¹¹/

/kʰun³⁴ t͡ɕiɔ⁵³/

/kʰu̯ən⁴⁵ kɒu̯⁴⁵/

/kʰu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/fɐn³³ kaːu̯³³/

/kʷʰɐn³³ kaːu̯³³/

/kʰun²¹³⁻¹³ ˈkau³⁵/

/kʰuən⁴⁴ kɔ³⁴/

/kʰuən⁵⁵ kɔ²¹/

/kʰuən³³ kɔ⁴⁴/

/kʰuən³³ kɔ⁵³/

/kʰuən⁵² kæ¹¹/

/kʰun³⁴ t͡ɕiɔ⁵³/

/kʰu̯ən⁴⁵ kɒu̯⁴⁵/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Wu, Xiang, intransitive) to sleep; to go to sleep


夾鉗

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kaːp̚² kʰiːm²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kaːp̚² kʰiːm²¹⁻³⁵/

/ka̠²⁴ t͡ɕʰi̯ẽ¹³/

/ka̠²⁴ t͡ɕʰi̯ẽ¹³/


家私

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/ka⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾li⁵⁵/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/kɛ³³⁻²¹ si³³/

/ke³³⁻²³ si³³/

/kɛ³⁵⁻³³ sai³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/ka⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾li⁵⁵/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/kɛ³³⁻²¹ si³³/

/ke³³⁻²³ si³³/

/kɛ³⁵⁻³³ sai³⁵/

傢俬店

家私店

(Cantonese, Hakka, Min, Xiang, Liuzhou Mandarin) furniture (Classifier: 房 mn)


高頭

/kɒu̯³³ təu̯³/

/kɑʊ̯⁴⁴⁵ d̥ɘu̯¹¹/

/kɒu̯³³ təu̯³/

/kɑʊ̯⁴⁴⁵ d̥ɘu̯¹¹/

我睏辣牀高頭。

我困辣牀高头。

(dialectal Mandarin, Wu, Xiang) above; on


幾多

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/kei̯³⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/

/kɐi³⁵ tɔ²¹³/

/ki⁵⁵ ᵘɔ³³⁻³³⁵/

/kei⁵⁵ ᵘɔ³³⁻³³⁵/

/ki³³⁻²³ to³³/

/t͡ɕi⁴¹ to³³/

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/kei̯³⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/

/kɐi³⁵ tɔ²¹³/

/ki⁵⁵ ᵘɔ³³⁻³³⁵/

/kei⁵⁵ ᵘɔ³³⁻³³⁵/

/ki³³⁻²³ to³³/

/t͡ɕi⁴¹ to³³/

(Northern Min, Xiang) how; what; so; such


雞公

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ koŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ki̯e²⁴⁻¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/

/ke⁴⁴ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

/kie⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾øyŋ³³/

/kue⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kie³³⁴ kaŋ³³⁴/

/kue⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi³³ kʊŋ³³/

/t͡ɕi³³ kən³³/

/t͡ɕi⁴⁴⁵ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ koŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ki̯e²⁴⁻¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/

/ke⁴⁴ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

/kie⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾øyŋ³³/

/kue⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kie³³⁴ kaŋ³³⁴/

/kue⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi³³ kʊŋ³³/

/t͡ɕi³³ kən³³/

/t͡ɕi⁴⁴⁵ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵/

/kue⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kue⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

(Cantonese, Hakka, Min, Xiang, dialectal Mandarin) rooster; cock


耳珠

/jiː¹³ t͡syː⁵⁵/

/ᵑɡi⁵⁵ t͡si²¹⁻²¹⁵/

/hĩ³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴⁴/

/hi³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁴⁴/

/hi²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁴⁴/

/ə³³ t͡ɕy⁴⁴⁵/

/jiː¹³ t͡syː⁵⁵/

/ᵑɡi⁵⁵ t͡si²¹⁻²¹⁵/

/hĩ³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴⁴/

/hi³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁴⁴/

/hi²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁴⁴/

/ə³³ t͡ɕy⁴⁴⁵/

(Central Plains and Southwestern Mandarin, Cantonese, Northern and Southern Min, Xiang) earlobe


號子

/xɑʊ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/xɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/xɑʊ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/xɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

蹲號子

蹲号子

(Mainland China Mandarin, Xiang, regional) prison cell; jail cell; prison; jail


作田

/t͡so(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/t͡so(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sʰan¹³/

/t͡so(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/t͡sɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰan²³/

/t͡soʔ²⁻⁴ t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡so²⁴ ti̯ẽ¹³/

/t͡so(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/t͡so(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sʰan¹³/

/t͡so(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/t͡sɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰan²³/

/t͡soʔ²⁻⁴ t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡so²⁴ ti̯ẽ¹³/

(Southern Min, Xiang) to farm; to work the land


眼珠

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂuɻʷ⁵⁵/

/ŋaːn¹³ t͡syː⁵⁵/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/ɡan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡su³³/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/ɡan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/ŋe²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/ŋã̠⁴² t͡ɕy⁴⁴⁻³³/

/ŋan³³ t͡ɕy⁴⁴⁵/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

/jɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂuɻʷ⁵⁵/

/ŋaːn¹³ t͡syː⁵⁵/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/ɡan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡su³³/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/ɡan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/ɡan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/

/ŋe²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/ŋã̠⁴² t͡ɕy⁴⁴⁻³³/

/ŋan³³ t͡ɕy⁴⁴⁵/

(dialectal, including Gan, Hakka, Huizhou, Waxiang, Xiang) eye


洋鹼

/jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/iaŋ²¹ t͡ɕiɛn⁵³/

/iɔŋ³⁵ ˈkan²¹³/

/jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/iaŋ²¹ t͡ɕiɛn⁵³/

/iɔŋ³⁵ ˈkan²¹³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, dialectal Hakka, Pinghua, Xiang, Dexing Huizhou, Shaxian Central Min, Danyang Wu) soap


明日子

/min¹³ ʐ̩²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/min¹³ ʐ̩²⁴ t͡sz̩³/


胰子油

/i¹³ t͡sz̩³ i̯əu̯¹³/

/i¹¹ t͡sz̩³ i̯u¹¹/

/i¹³ t͡sz̩³ i̯əu̯¹³/

/i¹¹ t͡sz̩³ i̯u¹¹/


今日子

/t͡ɕin³³ ʐ̩²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕin³³ n̠ʲi²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕin³³ ʐ̩²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕin³³ n̠ʲi²⁴ t͡sz̩³/


昨日子

/zoʔ¹¹ n̠ʲiɪʔ²² t͡sz̩²³/

/zo²² n̠ʲiɪʔ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/t͡so¹³ ʐ̩²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/zoʔ¹¹ n̠ʲiɪʔ²² t͡sz̩²³/

/zo²² n̠ʲiɪʔ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/t͡so¹³ ʐ̩²⁴ t͡sz̩³/


明朝子

/min²² t͡sɔ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/mən²² t͡sɔ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/min¹³ ʈ͡ʂɒu̯³³ t͡sz̩³/

/min²² t͡sɔ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/mən²² t͡sɔ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/min¹³ ʈ͡ʂɒu̯³³ t͡sz̩³/


今朝子

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɔ³³ t͡sz̩²¹/

/t͡ɕin³³ ʈ͡ʂɒu̯³³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕin³³ t͡sɒu̯³³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɔ³³ t͡sz̩²¹/

/t͡ɕin³³ ʈ͡ʂɒu̯³³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕin³³ t͡sɒu̯³³ t͡sz̩³/


口乾

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kän⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯³⁵ kɔːn⁵⁵/

/kʰəu̯⁴¹ kan³³/

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kän⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯³⁵ kɔːn⁵⁵/

/kʰəu̯⁴¹ kan³³/


贏利

/jɪŋ²¹ lei̯²²/

/jɪŋ²¹ lei̯²²/

(Gan, Xiang) Used with 不 or 得 to express capability.


上好

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ²² hou̯³⁵/

/suoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋo³³/

/siaŋ²²⁻²¹ ho⁵³/

/siaŋ³³⁻¹¹ ho⁵³/

/siaŋ³³⁻²¹ hɤ⁴¹/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ho⁵³/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho⁵³/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɤ⁴¹/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² ho⁵⁵⁴/

/san²¹⁻¹¹ xɒu̯⁴¹/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ²² hou̯³⁵/

/suoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋo³³/

/siaŋ²²⁻²¹ ho⁵³/

/siaŋ³³⁻¹¹ ho⁵³/

/siaŋ³³⁻²¹ hɤ⁴¹/

/siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ho⁵³/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ ho⁵³/

/siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɤ⁴¹/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² ho⁵⁵⁴/

/san²¹⁻¹¹ xɒu̯⁴¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Hakka, Min, Xiang) best; very good


機子

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/t͡ɕi¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/t͡ɕi¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

(Jilu Mandarin, Jin, Xiang, specifically) sewing machine


鼻頭

/pi³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/pi³⁵ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/pei̯²² tʰɐu̯²¹/

/pʰĩ³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/pʰĩ²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/pʰĩ³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³/

/pʰĩ²²⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/pʰi⁴¹⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/pʰĩ¹¹ tʰau⁵⁵/

/bəʔ¹¹ dɤ²³/

/biɪʔ¹¹ dɤ²³/

/pi³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/pi³⁵ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/pei̯²² tʰɐu̯²¹/

/pʰĩ³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/pʰĩ²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/pʰĩ³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³/

/pʰĩ²²⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/pʰi⁴¹⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/pʰĩ¹¹ tʰau⁵⁵/

/bəʔ¹¹ dɤ²³/

/biɪʔ¹¹ dɤ²³/

(colloquial, chiefly Mandarin, Wu, Xiang) nose


田塍

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ˈtʰiɛn²⁴ sɨn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɛiŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ⁵³/

/ti̯ẽ¹³ sən¹³/

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ˈtʰiɛn²⁴ sɨn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɛiŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ⁵³/

/ti̯ẽ¹³ sən¹³/

(literary or Gan, dialectal Hakka, Eastern Min, Xiang) dyke


家婆

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡ɕia⁵⁵ pʰo²¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ pʰɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ka³³ pʰᵘɔ²²⁻²²⁵/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ pɤ²³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² po²⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ po²⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² po¹³/

/kʰe³³⁻²³ po⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡ɕia⁵⁵ pʰo²¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ pʰɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ka³³ pʰᵘɔ²²⁻²²⁵/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ pɤ²³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² po²⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ po²⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² po¹³/

/kʰe³³⁻²³ po⁵⁵/

maternal grandmother
maternal grandmother

(Southwestern Mandarin, including Sichuanese; Jianghuai Mandarin; dialectal Gan; Wu; Xiang) maternal grandmother


屙尿

/ˀɤ⁵⁵ ni̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ɔː⁵⁵ niːu̯²²/

/ᵘɔ³³ ⁿdiau³²/

/ŋo⁴² n̠ʲiɛu¹¹/

/o²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯au̯⁵⁵/

/o⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋiau⁵³/

/o³³ n̠ʲi̯ɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹/

/ˀɤ⁵⁵ ni̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ɔː⁵⁵ niːu̯²²/

/ᵘɔ³³ ⁿdiau³²/

/ŋo⁴² n̠ʲiɛu¹¹/

/o²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯au̯⁵⁵/

/o⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋiau⁵³/

/o³³ n̠ʲi̯ɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹/

(chiefly Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, dialectal Mandarin, Xiang) to urinate


拖板

/tʰɔː⁵⁵ paːn³⁵/

/tʰɔː⁵⁵ paːn³⁵/


包穀

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːu̯⁵⁵ kʊk̚⁵/

/pɒu̯³³ ku²⁴/

/pɑʊ̯⁴⁴⁵ ku²²/

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːu̯⁵⁵ kʊk̚⁵/

/pɒu̯³³ ku²⁴/

/pɑʊ̯⁴⁴⁵ ku²²/

(dialectal Mandarin, Xiang, Teochew, Pingle Min) corn; maize


爹爹

/ti̯ɛ⁵⁵ d̥i̯ɛ²/

/tɛː⁵⁵ tɛː⁵⁵/

/ti̯e̞⁴⁴⁵ ti̯e̞⁴⁴⁵/

/ti̯ɛ⁵⁵ d̥i̯ɛ²/

/tɛː⁵⁵ tɛː⁵⁵/

/ti̯e̞⁴⁴⁵ ti̯e̞⁴⁴⁵/

/tiɛ⁵⁴ tiɛ⁵⁴/

/ti̯ɛ⁵⁵ d̥i̯ɛ²/

/tiɛ⁵⁴ tiɛ⁵⁴/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Gan, dialectal Hakka, dialectal Jin, Wu, Xiang, colloquial) daddy


爹爹

/ti̯ɛ⁵⁵ d̥i̯ɛ²/

/tɛː⁵⁵ tɛː⁵⁵/

/ti̯e̞⁴⁴⁵ ti̯e̞⁴⁴⁵/

/ti̯ɛ⁵⁵ d̥i̯ɛ²/

/tɛː⁵⁵ tɛː⁵⁵/

/ti̯e̞⁴⁴⁵ ti̯e̞⁴⁴⁵/

/tiɛ⁵⁴ tiɛ⁵⁴/

/ti̯ɛ⁵⁵ d̥i̯ɛ²/

/tiɛ⁵⁴ tiɛ⁵⁴/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Gan, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min, dialectal Wu, Xiang) paternal grandfather

(dialectal Mandarin, Xiang, polite) Term of address for an older male.


阿公

→ Amis: akong

→ English: Ah Kong

→ Yilan Creole: akong

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/aː³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ koŋ³³/

/aʔ³³ koŋ⁴⁴/

/ä⁴⁴⁵ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/aː³³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ koŋ³³/

/aʔ³³ koŋ⁴⁴/

/ä⁴⁴⁵ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, Min, dialectal Wu, dialectal Xiang) paternal grandfather

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Hakka, Wu, dialectal Xiang) father-in-law (husband's father)


發毛

發⫽毛 (canonical)
发毛
发毛
发毛
發霉

/fä⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵/

/faʔ²⁻⁵⁴ mau¹¹/

/faʔ⁴⁴ mɔ²³/

/fä⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵/

/faʔ²⁻⁵⁴ mau¹¹/

/faʔ⁴⁴ mɔ²³/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Hakka, Jin, Wu, Xiang) to get angry; to lose one's temper


胳肢窩

/kä⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ʐ̩² wɔ⁵⁵/

/kɤ⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ʐ̩² wɔ⁵⁵/

/kaːk̚³ t͡siː⁵⁵ wɔː⁵⁵/

/kəʔ³³ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ u²¹/

/ka̠²⁴ t͡ɕi³³ o³³/

/kä⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ʐ̩² wɔ⁵⁵/

/kɤ⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ʐ̩² wɔ⁵⁵/

/kaːk̚³ t͡siː⁵⁵ wɔː⁵⁵/

/kəʔ³³ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ u²¹/

/ka̠²⁴ t͡ɕi³³ o³³/

胳肢窝
肐肢窩
夾肢窩
膈肢窩

(chiefly Mandarin, Wu, Xiang, colloquial) armpit


老弟

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/lou̯¹³ tɐi̯²²/

/lau²¹³⁻²¹ tʰi¹/

/lo²⁴⁻³³ tʰai⁵³/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ ti²¹⁻¹¹/

/lɑʊ̯³³ ti³²⁴⁻³¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/lou̯¹³ tɐi̯²²/

/lau²¹³⁻²¹ tʰi¹/

/lo²⁴⁻³³ tʰai⁵³/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ ti²¹⁻¹¹/

/lɑʊ̯³³ ti³²⁴⁻³¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Hakka, Hainanese, Leizhou Min, Pinghua, Xiang) younger brother


𨃅

From 跛 (OC *paːlʔ). The Mandarin pronunciation are borrowings from Southern Min.

(Southwestern Mandarin, Xiang) lame; crippled


二回

/ɚ²¹³ xuei²¹/

/ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹ ɸe̞i̯²⁴/

/ɚ²¹³ xuei²¹/

/ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹ ɸe̞i̯²⁴/

Next time bring me some fresh vegetables.

Er⁴ hui² ge¹ ngo³ dai⁴ dianr³ xin¹ xian¹ xiao³ cai⁴ nai² ha³

二回給我帶點兒新鮮小菜來哈

二回给我带点儿新鲜小菜来哈


側邊

/t͡sʰɤ⁵¹ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛ²¹ piɛn⁵⁵/

/ˈt͡sɛt̚⁵ piɛn⁴²/

/t͡sɤ̞²⁴ pi̯ẽ³³/

/t͡sʰɤ⁵¹ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛ²¹ piɛn⁵⁵/

/ˈt͡sɛt̚⁵ piɛn⁴²/

/t͡sɤ̞²⁴ pi̯ẽ³³/

佢側邊有隻狗仔。

佢侧边有只狗仔。

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Zhongshan Min, Xiang, Hunan Tuhua) side


瓢羹

/pʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ kɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ kɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/ˈpʰiɛu²⁴ kiɛn⁴²/

/pʰieu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɛiŋ⁵⁵/

/pi̯ɒu̯¹³ kən³³/

/pʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ kɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ kɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/ˈpʰiɛu²⁴ kiɛn⁴²/

/pʰieu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɛiŋ⁵⁵/

/pi̯ɒu̯¹³ kən³³/

(Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Hui, Eastern Min, dialectal Wu, Xiang) spoon


巴壁虎

/pa̠³³ pi²⁴ ɸu⁴¹/

/pa̠³³ pi²⁴ ɸu⁴¹/


灶屋

/t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ u⁵⁵/

/t͡sɒu̯⁴⁵ u²⁴/

/t͡sɑʊ̯³²⁴ u²²/

/t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ u⁵⁵/

/t͡sɒu̯⁴⁵ u²⁴/

/t͡sɑʊ̯³²⁴ u²²/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Xiang, Shadi Wu, Northern Pinghua) kitchen


磕膝頭

/kʰɛ²¹ ɕi²¹⁻⁵⁵ tʰəu²¹/

/kʰɛ²¹ ɕi²¹⁻⁵⁵ tʰəu²¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Xiang, Boyang Gan, Xichang Mandarin Hakka) knee


還債

/xu̯än³⁵ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡se²¹/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡se⁴¹/

/hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² t͡se²¹/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡se¹¹/

/hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡se²¹/

/xu̯än³⁵ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡se²¹/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡se⁴¹/

/hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² t͡se²¹/

/hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡se¹¹/

/hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡se²¹/

(Xiang) to obey; to behave (of children)


雷公

/leɪ̯³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lɵy̯²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lui²² kɵŋ³³/

/lui⁴² kʊŋ³³/

/luɪ¹¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

/so³³ kɔŋ⁵⁴/

/l̃ai⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uŋ⁵⁵/

/lui²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/lui¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui⁵⁵⁻¹¹ koŋ³³/

/leɪ̯³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lɵy̯²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lui²² kɵŋ³³/

/lui⁴² kʊŋ³³/

/luɪ¹¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

/so³³ kɔŋ⁵⁴/

/l̃ai⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uŋ⁵⁵/

/lui²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/lui¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lui⁵⁵⁻¹¹ koŋ³³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Southern Min, Pinghua, Shehua, dialectal Wu, dialectal Xiang) thunder


橫直

/xɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/uaŋ³⁵ t͡sʰɨt̚²/

/huaŋ⁵³⁻³³ tiʔ⁵/

/huãi²⁴⁻³³ tit̚⁴/

/huãi²⁴⁻²¹ tit̚⁴³/

/huãi²³⁻³³ tit̚⁴/

/huãi²⁴⁻²² tit̚⁴/

/huĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ tit̚⁴/

/huĩ²⁴⁻²¹ tit̚⁴³/

/huĩ²⁴⁻²² tit̚²⁴/

/huã¹³⁻²² tit̚¹²¹/

/ɸən¹³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/

/ɸən¹³ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/xɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/uaŋ³⁵ t͡sʰɨt̚²/

/huaŋ⁵³⁻³³ tiʔ⁵/

/huãi²⁴⁻³³ tit̚⁴/

/huãi²⁴⁻²¹ tit̚⁴³/

/huãi²³⁻³³ tit̚⁴/

/huãi²⁴⁻²² tit̚⁴/

/huĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ tit̚⁴/

/huĩ²⁴⁻²¹ tit̚⁴³/

/huĩ²⁴⁻²² tit̚²⁴/

/huã¹³⁻²² tit̚¹²¹/

/ɸən¹³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/

/ɸən¹³ t͡sz̩²⁴/

If you are not afraid of death, then go all out, since you have one life regardless of whether you win or lose.

M̄ kiaⁿ-sí, tiō kah i piàⁿ, hûiⁿ-ti̍t su-iâⁿ chi̍t tiâu miā

不怕死，就甲伊拼，橫直輸贏一條命

不怕死，就甲伊拼，横直输赢一条命

(dialectal Mandarin, including Beijing and Wuhan Mandarin; Gan; Hakka; Min; Hunan Tuhua; Xiang; Wenzhounese) anyway; in any case; regardless

(dialectal Mandarin, Xiang) always; all the time


要得

/jɑʊ̯⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/

/jɑʊ̯⁵¹ d̥ə¹/

/iau²¹³ tɛ²¹/

/jiːu̯³³ tɐk̚⁵/

/iɛu³⁵ tɛt̚²/

/i̯ɒu̯⁴⁵ tɤ̞²⁴/

/jɑʊ̯⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/

/jɑʊ̯⁵¹ d̥ə¹/

/iau²¹³ tɛ²¹/

/jiːu̯³³ tɐk̚⁵/

/iɛu³⁵ tɛt̚²/

/i̯ɒu̯⁴⁵ tɤ̞²⁴/

(dialectal, including Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Xiang) good; okay; fine; not bad


環子

/xu̯än³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/xu̯än³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, dialectal Wu, Xiang) earring


扯霍閃

/t͡sʰɛ⁵³ xo²¹ san⁵³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ̞⁴¹ xo²⁴ ʂə̃⁴¹/

/t͡sʰɤ̞⁴¹ xo²⁴ sə̃⁴¹/

/t͡sʰɛ⁵³ xo²¹ san⁵³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ̞⁴¹ xo²⁴ ʂə̃⁴¹/

/t͡sʰɤ̞⁴¹ xo²⁴ sə̃⁴¹/

(Central Plains and Southwestern Mandarin, dialectal Gan, dialectal Hakka, Xiang) to have lightning


雞婆

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ pʰo²¹/

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ pʰɔː²¹/

/t͡ɕi⁴² ˈpʰo²⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ pɤ²³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ po²⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² po²⁴/

/kue⁴⁴⁻³³ po²⁴/

/t͡ɕi³³ po¹³/

/t͡ɕi⁴⁴⁵ b̥o¹¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ pʰo²¹/

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ pʰɔː²¹/

/t͡ɕi⁴² ˈpʰo²⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ pɤ²³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ po²⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² po²⁴/

/kue⁴⁴⁻³³ po²⁴/

/t͡ɕi³³ po¹³/

/t͡ɕi⁴⁴⁵ b̥o¹¹/

(Central Plains, Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, dialectal Hakka, Hui, dialectal Wu, Xiang) hen

Central Plains; Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin; Central Plains; Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin


馬公

/maː¹³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ma̠⁴¹ kʊŋ³³/

/ma̠⁴¹ kən³³/

/maː¹³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ma̠⁴¹ kʊŋ³³/

/ma̠⁴¹ kən³³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Dongguan Cantonese Hakka, Eastern Min, Hokkien, Xiang) male horse; stallion


單邊

/tän⁵⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tän⁵⁵ pi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/tän⁵⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tän⁵⁵ pi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

(Xiang) one way; single trip (as opposed to a return trip)


手腕子

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wän⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/sɐu̯³⁵ wuːn³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/ʂəu̯⁴¹ õ⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/səu̯⁴¹ õ⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ wän⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/sɐu̯³⁵ wuːn³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/ʂəu̯⁴¹ õ⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/səu̯⁴¹ õ⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

(Xiang) illegitimate methods that people use to treat others


下架

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑɻ⁵¹/

/haː²² kaː³³/

/ha²²⁻²¹ ke²¹/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑɻ⁵¹/

/haː²² kaː³³/

/ha²²⁻²¹ ke²¹/

/ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ t͡ɕi̯a̠⁴⁵/

/ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ t͡ɕi̯a̠⁴⁵/


水筆

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂu̯əɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵy̯³⁵ pɐt̚⁵/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pit̚³²/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pit̚⁵/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pit̚³²/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pit̚³²/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pit̚³²/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂu̯əɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵy̯³⁵ pɐt̚⁵/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pit̚³²/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pit̚⁵/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pit̚³²/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pit̚³²/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pit̚³²/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, dialectal Hakka, Jin, Pinghua, Quanzhou Hokkien, Hainanese, Leizhou Min, Xiang) fountain pen


滿滿

/män²¹⁴⁻³⁵ män²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/muã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ muã⁵³/

/muã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ muã⁵⁵⁴/

/muã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ muã⁵³/

/muã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ muã⁵³/

/muã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ muã⁴¹/

/män²¹⁴⁻³⁵ män²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/muã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ muã⁵³/

/muã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ muã⁵⁵⁴/

/muã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ muã⁵³/

/muã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ muã⁵³/

/muã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ muã⁴¹/

(Xiang) paternal uncle (father's younger brother)


紅毛泥

/hʊŋ²¹ mou̯²¹ nɐi̯²¹/

/hɵŋ²² ᵐbau²² ⁿdai²²/

/fuŋ¹¹ moŋ¹¹ nai̯¹¹/

/fʊŋ¹¹ mau⁴⁴⁻³⁵ naɪ¹¹/

/hʊŋ²¹ mou̯²¹ nɐi̯²¹/

/hɵŋ²² ᵐbau²² ⁿdai²²/

/fuŋ¹¹ moŋ¹¹ nai̯¹¹/

/fʊŋ¹¹ mau⁴⁴⁻³⁵ naɪ¹¹/

(Cantonese, Hakka, Liuzhou Mandarin, Guangxi Xiang) cement


偷油婆

/tʰoʊ̯⁵⁵ joʊ̯³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/tʰəu⁵⁵ iəu²¹ pʰo²¹/

/tʰəu̯³³ i̯əu̯¹³ po¹³/

/tʰoʊ̯⁵⁵ joʊ̯³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/tʰəu⁵⁵ iəu²¹ pʰo²¹/

/tʰəu̯³³ i̯əu̯¹³ po¹³/

So named because of the shininess of its wings, which was thought to be from oil stolen from the kitchen, a common place where cockroaches are found.

They have roasted cockroaches to eat before.

偷油婆他們燒來吃過的。

偷油婆他们烧来吃过的。

The cockroaches crawl all over the place, and there are germs on their legs. Also, things that they have crawled over have a stench, and if you eat them, you will feel like vomiting.

1958 April 7, 許川 and 白丁, 毛主席使紅光社大方紅光, in 四川日報

Tōuyóupó dàochù pá, jiǎo shàng yě yǒu xìjūn, tā pá guò de dōngxī háiyǒu chòuqì, chī le yào fā'ǒu.

偷油婆到處爬，腳上也有細菌，它爬過的東西還有臭氣，吃了要發嘔。

偷油婆到处爬，脚上也有细菌，它爬过的东西还有臭气，吃了要发呕。

When the fridge was opened, in crawled a cockroach, which was especially fat and cunning.

Kāi bīngxiāng shí zuān jìn le yī zhī tōuyóupó, tèbié féidà, tèbié jiǎohuá.

開冰箱時鑽進了一隻偷油婆，特別肥大，特別狡猾。

开冰箱时钻进了一只偷油婆，特别肥大，特别狡猾。

(chiefly Southwestern Mandarin, Xiang, Dong'an Tuhua) cockroach (Classifier: 隻／只 m)


伯娘

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/pɛ²¹ nʲiaŋ²¹/

/paːk̚³ nœːŋ²¹/

/paʔ⁵ ˈn̠ʲiɔŋ³⁵/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/pɛ²¹ nʲiaŋ²¹/

/paːk̚³ nœːŋ²¹/

/paʔ⁵ ˈn̠ʲiɔŋ³⁵/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, dialectal Hakka, dialectal Jin, Pinghua, dialectal Xiang) paternal aunt (wife of father's elder brother)


尾子

/weɪ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/uei⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³⁻²¹/

/u̯e̞i̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/weɪ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/uei⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³⁻²¹/

/u̯e̞i̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

(Northeastern and Southwestern Mandarin, dialectal Hakka, dialectal Jin, Xiang) end; last part


壓條

/jä⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/jä⁵⁵ tʰi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/aːt̚³ tʰiːu̯²¹/

/jä⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/jä⁵⁵ tʰi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/aːt̚³ tʰiːu̯²¹/

/i̯a̠²⁴ ti̯ɒu̯¹³/

/i̯a̠²⁴ ti̯ɒu̯¹³/


毫子

/xɑʊ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/hau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵²/

/xɒu̯¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/xɑʊ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/hau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵²/

/xɒu̯¹³ t͡sz̩³/

(Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Hakka, Teochew, Xiang) coin (of small value)


怕醜

/pʰa²¹³ t͡sʰəu⁵³/

/pʰaː³³ t͡sʰɐu̯³⁵/

/pʰa̠⁴⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰəu̯⁴¹/

/pʰa̠⁴⁵ t͡sʰəu̯⁴¹/

/pʰa²¹³ t͡sʰəu⁵³/

/pʰaː³³ t͡sʰɐu̯³⁵/

/pʰa̠⁴⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰəu̯⁴¹/

/pʰa̠⁴⁵ t͡sʰəu̯⁴¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Xiang) to be shy; to be bashful


下頦

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ xaɪ̯³⁵/

/a²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ai⁵³/

/e³³⁻²¹ hai²⁴/

/e²²⁻¹² hai²⁴/

/e²²⁻²¹ hai²⁴/

/e³³⁻²² hai²⁴/

/ɛ²²⁻²¹ huai¹³/

/e³³⁻¹¹ huai²⁴/

/e²²⁻¹¹ huai²⁴/

/e³⁵⁻¹¹ hai⁵⁵/

/xa̠²¹⁻¹¹ kʰo²⁴/

/ɣ̊ä²¹³ kʰo²²/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ xaɪ̯³⁵/

/a²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ai⁵³/

/e³³⁻²¹ hai²⁴/

/e²²⁻¹² hai²⁴/

/e²²⁻²¹ hai²⁴/

/e³³⁻²² hai²⁴/

/ɛ²²⁻²¹ huai¹³/

/e³³⁻¹¹ huai²⁴/

/e²²⁻¹¹ huai²⁴/

/e³⁵⁻¹¹ hai⁵⁵/

/xa̠²¹⁻¹¹ kʰo²⁴/

/ɣ̊ä²¹³ kʰo²²/


雙徛人

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʰei̯¹³ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʰei̯¹³ jɐn²¹/

/sʊŋ⁴⁴ kʰi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋin¹¹/

/sʊŋ⁵³ ki²⁴ ɲən²¹/

/ɕyɑŋ³³ kɛ⁵⁵ n̠ʲiŋ³¹³/

/ɕy̯æn³³ t͡ɕi²¹⁻¹¹ ʐən¹³/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʰei̯¹³ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʰei̯¹³ jɐn²¹/

/sʊŋ⁴⁴ kʰi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋin¹¹/

/sʊŋ⁵³ ki²⁴ ɲən²¹/

/ɕyɑŋ³³ kɛ⁵⁵ n̠ʲiŋ³¹³/

/ɕy̯æn³³ t͡ɕi²¹⁻¹¹ ʐən¹³/

双徛人
雙企人
双徛人
雙徛儂

(Cantonese, Hakka, Jinhua Wu, Xiang) The Chinese character component 彳 (chì).


婆子

/pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/pʰɔː²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/pʰɔː²¹ t͡siː³⁵/


貓頭鳥

/mɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴⁻³³ t͡siau⁵³/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³⁻³³ t͡siau⁴¹/

/ŋiau³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siau⁵²/

/mɒu̯³³ təu̯¹³ ti̯ɒu̯⁴¹/

/mɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴⁻³³ t͡siau⁵³/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³⁻³³ t͡siau⁴¹/

/ŋiau³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siau⁵²/

/mɒu̯³³ təu̯¹³ ti̯ɒu̯⁴¹/

(dialectal, including Hakka, Shehua, Hokkien, Teochew, Xiang, Lechang Tuhua) owl


手圈

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰuan³³/

/ʂəu̯⁴¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ẽ³³/

/səu̯⁴¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ẽ³³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰuan³³/

/ʂəu̯⁴¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ẽ³³/

/səu̯⁴¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ẽ³³/

(Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiang) bracelet; bangle


手面

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sɐu̯³⁵ miːn²²/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin²²/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bin⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin²²/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/

/ʂəu̯⁴¹ mi̯ẽ²¹⁻¹¹/

/səu̯⁴¹ mi̯ẽ²¹⁻¹¹/

/ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sɐu̯³⁵ miːn²²/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin²²/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bin⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin²²/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/

/ʂəu̯⁴¹ mi̯ẽ²¹⁻¹¹/

/səu̯⁴¹ mi̯ẽ²¹⁻¹¹/

(Xiang) workmanship; craftsmanship; trade; handicraft


封皮

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ pʰi³⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ pʰiə̯ɻ³⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰei̯²¹/

/xʊŋ³³ pi¹³/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ pʰi³⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ pʰiə̯ɻ³⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰei̯²¹/

/xʊŋ³³ pi¹³/

(Northeastern, Beijing and Southwestern Mandarin, dated in Xiang) envelope


蜈蚣蟲

/vu²¹ koŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰoŋ²¹/

/u³⁵ kuŋ⁴² t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/

/ŋ̍³¹ kuŋ²⁴ t͡sʰuŋ¹¹/

/ŋ⁵⁵ kuŋ⁵³ t͡ʃʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/n̩¹¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ¹¹/

/u¹³ kʊŋ³³ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ¹³/

/u¹³ kən³³ t͡sʰən¹³/

/vu²¹ koŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰoŋ²¹/

/u³⁵ kuŋ⁴² t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/

/ŋ̍³¹ kuŋ²⁴ t͡sʰuŋ¹¹/

/ŋ⁵⁵ kuŋ⁵³ t͡ʃʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/n̩¹¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ¹¹/

/u¹³ kʊŋ³³ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ¹³/

/u¹³ kən³³ t͡sʰən¹³/

(Southwestern Mandarin, Hakka, Gan, Xiang) centipede


腳下

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/kœːk̚³ haː²²/

/t͡ɕi̯o²⁴ xa̠²¹⁻¹¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/kœːk̚³ haː²²/

/t͡ɕi̯o²⁴ xa̠²¹⁻¹¹/

(Huiyang Hakka, Xiang) underside; below; beneath


水痘子

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ toʊ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/ɕy̯e̞i̯⁴¹ təu̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ toʊ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/ɕy̯e̞i̯⁴¹ təu̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Yudu Hakka, Xiang) chicken pox


開邊

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/kʰai̯³³ pi̯ẽ³³/

/kʰai̯³³ pi̯ẽ³³/


伢子

/jä³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/ŋaː²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/ŋa̠¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/jä³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/ŋaː²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/ŋa̠¹³ t͡sz̩³/

(Central Plains and Jianghuai Mandarin, Xiang, colloquial) kid; child (especially a boy)


姪兒子

/t͡sz̩²¹ ɚ²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ ɛɻ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/t͡səʔ⁵⁴ əɻ¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ ɤ̞¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sz̩²⁴ ɤ̞¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sz̩²¹ ɚ²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ ɛɻ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/t͡səʔ⁵⁴ əɻ¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ ɤ̞¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sz̩²⁴ ɤ̞¹³ t͡sz̩³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Jin, Xiang) nephew (brother's son)


打水

/tä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taː³⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/ta²¹³⁻²⁴ sui²¹³/

/ta̠⁴¹ ɕy̯e̞i̯⁴¹/

/tä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taː³⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/ta²¹³⁻²⁴ sui²¹³/

/ta̠⁴¹ ɕy̯e̞i̯⁴¹/


老哇

→ Bonan: lova

→ Dongxiang: laowa

→ Mangghuer: laowa

/lɒu̯⁴¹ u̯a̠³³/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ u̯a̠³³/


親娘

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

(Southwestern Mandarin, dialectal Wu, dialectal Xiang) mother-in-law


貓公

/maːu̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ᵐbiu⁵⁵ kɵŋ³³⁻²¹/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/niãu³³ kɔŋ³³/

/mɑʊ̯⁴⁴⁵ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵/

/maːu̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ᵐbiu⁵⁵ kɵŋ³³⁻²¹/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/niãu³³ kɔŋ³³/

/mɑʊ̯⁴⁴⁵ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵/

(Southwestern Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Min, Xiang) male cat; tomcat


尿泡

/n̠ʲi̯ɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ pʰɒu̯³³/

/n̠ʲi̯ɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ pʰɒu̯³³/


冇大冇細

/mou̯¹³ taːi̯²² mou̯¹³ sɐi̯³³/

/ᵐbau³³ ai³² ᵐbau³³ ɬai³³⁻³³⁵/

/mɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ tai̯²¹⁻¹¹ mɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ si⁴⁵/

/mɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ tai̯²¹⁻¹¹ mɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ ɕi⁴⁵/

/mou̯¹³ taːi̯²² mou̯¹³ sɐi̯³³/

/ᵐbau³³ ai³² ᵐbau³³ ɬai³³⁻³³⁵/

/mɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ tai̯²¹⁻¹¹ mɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ si⁴⁵/

/mɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ tai̯²¹⁻¹¹ mɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ ɕi⁴⁵/

(Cantonese, Xiang) to have no sense of who is senior and who is junior; to show no respect to elders


當陽

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

(Xiang) to be exposed to the sun; to face the sun; to have a sunny exposure


中間子

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ³³ ka̠³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ³³ ka̠³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sən³³ ka̠³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ³³ ka̠³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ³³ ka̠³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sən³³ ka̠³³ t͡sz̩³/


打哈啾

/ta̠⁴¹ xa̠⁴⁵ t͡sʰi̯əu̯³/

/ta̠⁴¹ xa̠⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯³/

/ta̠⁴¹ xa̠⁴⁵ t͡sʰi̯əu̯³/

/ta̠⁴¹ xa̠⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯³/

(dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, Xiang) to sneeze


新郎公

/sin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ lɔŋ¹¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

/sin³³ l̃an¹³ kʊŋ³³/

/ɕin³³ l̃an¹³ kən³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ lɔŋ¹¹ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

/sin³³ l̃an¹³ kʊŋ³³/

/ɕin³³ l̃an¹³ kən³³/

(Southwestern Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Pingxiang Gan, Hakka, Zhongshan Min, Xiang) bridegroom


起屋

/hei̯³⁵ ʊk̚⁵/

/hei⁵⁵ ɵk̚³³/

/t͡ɕʰi⁴¹ u²⁴/

/hei̯³⁵ ʊk̚⁵/

/hei⁵⁵ ɵk̚³³/

/t͡ɕʰi⁴¹ u²⁴/

(Cantonese, Hakka, Xiang) to construct a house; to build a house


高子

/kɒu̯³³ t͡sz̩³/

/kɒu̯³³ t͡sz̩³/


疾病頭

/t͡sɐt̚² pɛːŋ²² tʰɐu̯²¹/

/t͡si²⁴ pin²¹⁻¹¹ təu̯¹³/

/t͡ɕi²⁴ pin²¹⁻¹¹ təu̯¹³/

/t͡sɐt̚² pɛːŋ²² tʰɐu̯²¹/

/t͡si²⁴ pin²¹⁻¹¹ təu̯¹³/

/t͡ɕi²⁴ pin²¹⁻¹¹ təu̯¹³/

(Cantonese, Xiang) The Chinese character component 疒.


單徛人

/taːn⁵⁵ kʰei̯¹³ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/taːn⁵⁵ kʰei̯¹³ jɐn²¹/

/tan⁴⁴ kʰi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋin¹¹/

/tan⁵³ ki²⁴ ɲən²¹/

/tɑ³³ kɛ⁵⁵ n̠ʲiŋ³¹³/

/tan³³ t͡ɕʰi²¹⁻¹¹ ʐən¹³/

/taːn⁵⁵ kʰei̯¹³ jɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

/taːn⁵⁵ kʰei̯¹³ jɐn²¹/

/tan⁴⁴ kʰi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋin¹¹/

/tan⁵³ ki²⁴ ɲən²¹/

/tɑ³³ kɛ⁵⁵ n̠ʲiŋ³¹³/

/tan³³ t͡ɕʰi²¹⁻¹¹ ʐən¹³/

单徛人
單企人
单徛人
單徛儂

(Cantonese, Pingxiang Gan, Hakka, Southern Pinghua, Jinhua Wu, Xiang) The Chinese character component 亻.


電影戲

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ iã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hi²¹/

/ti̯ẽ⁴⁵ in⁴¹ ɕi⁴⁵/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ iã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hi²¹/

/ti̯ẽ⁴⁵ in⁴¹ ɕi⁴⁵/

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, Xiang, dated) film; movie


風燈

/ˈfuŋ⁴² tɛn⁴²/

/ˈfuŋ⁴² tɛn⁴²/

(Wuhan Mandarin, Gan, Shangyou Hakka, dialectal Xiang) kite (toy)


哈氣

/xä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/xa¹¹ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/

/ha⁴⁴⁻²² kʰui²¹/

/ha⁴⁴⁻²² kʰui²¹/

/ha⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰui¹¹/

/ha⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰui²¹/

/xä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/xa¹¹ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/

/ha⁴⁴⁻²² kʰui²¹/

/ha⁴⁴⁻²² kʰui²¹/

/ha⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰui¹¹/

/ha⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰui²¹/

/xa̠⁴¹ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/

/xa̠⁴¹ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/


頸根

/kiaŋ²⁴⁻³³ kin⁵³/

/t͡ɕin⁴¹ kən³³/

/kiaŋ²⁴⁻³³ kin⁵³/

/t͡ɕin⁴¹ kən³³/


拉場子

/lä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/lä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/lä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/lä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/la̠³³ ʈ͡ʂan¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/la̠³³ ʈ͡ʂan¹³ t͡sz̩³/

(Xiang) to cheer somebody on; to root for somebody


推剪

/tʰɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡siːn³⁵/

/tʰui⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɛn⁵³/

/tʰui³³⁻²³ t͡siaŋ⁵²/

/tʰe̞i̯³³ t͡ɕi̯ẽ⁴¹/

/tʰɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡siːn³⁵/

/tʰui⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɛn⁵³/

/tʰui³³⁻²³ t͡siaŋ⁵²/

/tʰe̞i̯³³ t͡ɕi̯ẽ⁴¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Huizhou, Suide Jin, Hokkien, Teochew, Xiang) hair clippers


家娘

/ka²⁴ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/ka⁵³ ŋioŋ⁵⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋiɔŋ¹¹/

/kä⁴⁴⁵ n̠ʲi̯an¹¹/

/ka²⁴ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/ka⁵³ ŋioŋ⁵⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋiɔŋ¹¹/

/kä⁴⁴⁵ n̠ʲi̯an¹¹/

(Hakka, Xiang) mother-in-law (husband's mother)


老妹

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/lo²⁴⁻³³ moi¹¹/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/lo²⁴⁻³³ moi¹¹/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹/

(Can we date this quote?), “佬妹阿花”, 张少林 (lyrics)performed by 张少林:

雅佬妹喊做阿花

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Gan, Hakka, Datian Min, Central Min, Jiangle Min, Xiang) younger sister


大姑子

/tä⁵¹ ku⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/tä⁵¹ g̊u¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/taːi̯²² kuː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/ta⁴⁵ ku¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

/tai̯²¹⁻¹¹ ku³³ t͡sz̩³/

/tä⁵¹ ku⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/tä⁵¹ g̊u¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/taːi̯²² kuː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/ta⁴⁵ ku¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

/tai̯²¹⁻¹¹ ku³³ t͡sz̩³/

† - husband's elder sister; ‡ - husband's younger sister


叔子

/ʂu⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/ʂu³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/sʊk̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/ʂəu̯²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/səu̯²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ʂu⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/ʂu³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/sʊk̚⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/ʂəu̯²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/səu̯²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Gan, Xiang) brother-in-law (husband's younger brother)


店子

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/ti̯ẽ⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/ti̯ẽ⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

(Xiang) shop; store (usually a smaller scale)


擺格

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵/

/pai̯⁴¹ kɤ̞²⁴/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵/

/pai̯⁴¹ kɤ̞²⁴/

When somebody who looks like one of the gentry encounters a peasant and stands on his dignity, refusing to make way along a pathway, the peasant will say angrily, “Hey, you local tyrant, don't you know the Three People's Principles?”

1927, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《湖南農民運動考察報告》 (Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

Yīge shēnshì múyàng de rén zài lùshàng pèng le yīge nóngmín, nà shēnshì bǎigé bùkěn rànglù, nà nóngmín biàn fènrán shuō: “Tǔháolièshēn! Xiǎode sānmínzhǔyì ma?”

一個紳士模樣的人在路上碰了一個農民，那紳士擺格不肯讓路，那農民便憤然說：「土豪劣紳！曉得三民主義嗎？」

一个绅士模样的人在路上碰了一个农民，那绅士摆格不肯让路，那农民便愤然说：「土豪劣绅！晓得三民主义吗？」

(chiefly Xiang) to put on airs; to give oneself airs


叫雞

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiau²¹³ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɒu̯⁴⁵ t͡ɕi³³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiau²¹³ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɒu̯⁴⁵ t͡ɕi³³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Xiang) rooster (especially one that crows in the morning)

(Xiang, figurative) someone who likes to yell

(Xiang, figurative) lecherous man; lecher; pervert


發狠

/fä⁵⁵ xən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fä⁵⁵ xən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɸa̠⁴¹ xən²⁴/

/ɸa̠⁴¹ xən²⁴/

(Xiang) diligent; hardworking; industrious


舌子

/ʂɤ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/sɛ²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/ʂɤ̞²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/sɤ̞²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi̯e̞²² t͡sz̩³/

/ʂɤ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/sɛ²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/ʂɤ̞²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/sɤ̞²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi̯e̞²² t͡sz̩³/

(literary or Xiang, dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Gan, Yongding Hakka, Ningyuan dialect) tongue

Yongding Hakka; Ningyuan dialect; Yongding Hakka; Ningyuan dialect

(Sichuanese and Guilin Mandarin, Jishou Xiang, specifically) animal's tongue (as food)


照講

/t͡siau²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡siau²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴¹/

/t͡siau¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁵³/

/ʈ͡ʂɒu̯⁴⁵ kan⁴¹/

/t͡siau²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁵³/

/t͡siau²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴¹/

/t͡siau¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁵³/

/ʈ͡ʂɒu̯⁴⁵ kan⁴¹/

(Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, Xiang) ordinarily; as a rule


發酒癲

/faːt̚³ t͡sɐu̯³⁵ tiːn⁵⁵/

/ɸa̠²⁴ t͡si̯əu̯⁴¹ ti̯ẽ³³/

/ɸa̠²⁴ t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹ ti̯ẽ³³/

/faːt̚³ t͡sɐu̯³⁵ tiːn⁵⁵/

/ɸa̠²⁴ t͡si̯əu̯⁴¹ ti̯ẽ³³/

/ɸa̠²⁴ t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹ ti̯ẽ³³/

(Cantonese, Pingxiang Gan, Northern Min, Xiang) to act crazy from drinking too much alcohol; to be in a drunken fit


翼胛

翼甲
翼翮
翼膈
翼隔
翼𦑜

/sɛt̚³⁻³² kaʔ³²/

/i̯e̞⁴⁵ ka̠³/

/sɛt̚³⁻³² kaʔ³²/

/i̯e̞⁴⁵ ka̠³/

But they that wait upon the Lord shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles; they shall run, and not be weary; and they shall walk, and not faint.

現代臺灣客語譯本 (Today's Taiwan Hakka Version), 以賽亞書 (Isaiah) 40:31

Chúng-he yí-kho Song-chú ke ngìn, voi chhùng-sîn tet-tó li̍t-liong. Kì-têu voi chhiong ên-tiâu tá-khôi yi̍t-kap pî-to kô-kô; kì-têu chéu m̀-voi khioi, hàng ya m̀-voi thiám.

總係倚靠上主个人，會重新得到力量。佢等會像鷹鳥打開翼胛飛到高高；佢等走毋會𤸁，行也毋會痶。

总系倚靠上主个人，会重新得到力量。佢等会像鹰鸟打开翼胛飞到高高；佢等走毋会𤸁，行也毋会痶。

(Gan, Hakka, Changtai Hokkien, Yongtai Eastern Min, Xiang) wing (of a bird or insect)


拿脈

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(Southwestern Mandarin, Conghua Hakka, Central Min, Guangxi Xiang, traditional Chinese medicine) to take someone's pulse


牛公

/ŋɐu̯²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ kʊŋ³³/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ kən³³/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ kʊŋ³³/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ kən³³/

(Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Southern Min, Puxian Min, Xiang) bull


圍裙子

/weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/vi²⁴ t͡ɕʰyŋ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/u̯e̞i̯¹³ t͡ɕyn¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/u̯i¹¹ t͡ɕyn¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/weɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰyn³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/vi²⁴ t͡ɕʰyŋ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/u̯e̞i̯¹³ t͡ɕyn¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/u̯i¹¹ t͡ɕyn¹¹ t͡sz̩³/


亮火蟲

/niaŋ²¹³ xo⁵³ t͡sʰoŋ²¹/

/li̯æn²¹⁻¹¹ xo⁴¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ¹³/

/li̯æn²¹⁻¹¹ xo⁴¹ t͡sən¹³/

/niaŋ²¹³ xo⁵³ t͡sʰoŋ²¹/

/li̯æn²¹⁻¹¹ xo⁴¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ¹³/

/li̯æn²¹⁻¹¹ xo⁴¹ t͡sən¹³/

(Southwestern Mandarin, Xiang, Southern Pinghua) firefly


日頭雨

/ŋit̚² tʰeu̯¹¹ i³¹/

/ni³⁵ di̯ɤ¹³⁻³³ y⁴²⁻¹/

/ni³⁵ di̯ɤ³ y⁴²⁻¹/

/ŋit̚² tʰeu̯¹¹ i³¹/

/ni³⁵ di̯ɤ¹³⁻³³ y⁴²⁻¹/

/ni³⁵ di̯ɤ³ y⁴²⁻¹/

(Hakka, Northern Min, Pinghua, Xiang) sun shower


姑子

/kuː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/kuː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/


八開

/pä⁵⁵ kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/

/paːt̚³ hɔːi̯⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/

/paːt̚³ hɔːi̯⁵⁵/

/pa̠²⁴ kʰai̯³³/

/pa̠²⁴ kʰai̯³³/


猛子

/mɤŋ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/maːŋ¹³ t͡siː³⁵/

/maŋ²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/mʊŋ⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/

/maːŋ¹³ t͡siː³⁵/

/maŋ²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/mʊŋ⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/


觀音菩薩

ㄍㄨㄢ ㄧㄣ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

ㄍㄨㄢ ㄧㄣ ㄆㄨˊ ㄙㄚˋ

ㄍㄨㄢ ㄧㄣ ㄆㄨˊ ˙ㄙㄚ

Гуаньинь Пуса

/ku̯än⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ pʰu³⁵ sä³/

guan¹ yin⁰ pu² saq⁵ [Phonetic:guan¹ yin⁰ pu³ saq⁵]

/kuã³¹ ĩ pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ saʔ⁵/

/kuːn⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵ pʰou̯²¹ saːt̚³/

/kon²⁴⁻¹¹ im²⁴ pʰu¹¹ sat̚²/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sat̚³²/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɔ²³⁻³³ sat̚³²/

/kuø⁵⁵ in³³ bu³³ saʔ²¹/

/kʰõ³³ in³³ pu¹³ sa̠²⁴/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ pʰu³⁵ sä⁵¹/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ in⁵⁵ pʰu³⁵ sä³/

/kuã³¹ ĩ pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ saʔ⁵/

/kuːn⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵ pʰou̯²¹ saːt̚³/

/kon²⁴⁻¹¹ im²⁴ pʰu¹¹ sat̚²/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sat̚³²/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɔ²³⁻³³ sat̚³²/

/kuø⁵⁵ in³³ bu³³ saʔ²¹/

/kʰõ³³ in³³ pu¹³ sa̠²⁴/


貼本

/tʰiap̚⁵⁻²⁴ pŋ̍⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰi̯e̞²⁴ pən⁴¹/

/tʰiap̚⁵⁻²⁴ pŋ̍⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰi̯e̞²⁴ pən⁴¹/

(Southern Min, Xiang) to lose one's capital; to lose money


喊做

/hem²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡so⁵⁵/

/ham⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡so⁵³/

/hem²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡so⁵⁵/

/ham⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡so⁵³/

(dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, Xiang) to be called; to be known as


港子

(Xiang) small tributary river (flowing from a larger river)


崽女

/t͡sai²¹³⁻²⁴ n̠ʲy²¹³/

/t͡sai̯⁴¹ n̠ʲy⁴¹/

/t͡sai²¹³⁻²⁴ n̠ʲy²¹³/

/t͡sai̯⁴¹ n̠ʲy⁴¹/

(Guangxi Mandarin, Gan, Pinghua, Xiang) sons and daughters; children


洋芋頭

/iɔŋ³⁵ y¹¹ tʰɛu¹/

/i̯æn¹³ y²¹⁻¹¹ təu̯³/

/iɔŋ³⁵ y¹¹ tʰɛu¹/

/i̯æn¹³ y²¹⁻¹¹ təu̯³/


洋泥巴

/i̯æn¹³ n̠ʲi¹³ pa̠³/

/i̯æn¹³ n̠ʲi¹³ pa̠³/


洋泥

/iɔŋ³⁵ ˈn̠ʲi³⁵/

/i̯æn¹³ n̠ʲi¹³/

/iɔŋ³⁵ ˈn̠ʲi³⁵/

/i̯æn¹³ n̠ʲi¹³/

(Jianghuai Mandarin, Jiangxi Hakka, Gan, Xiang) cement


扯卵談

ㄔㄜˇ ㄌㄨㄢˇ ㄊㄢˊ

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰän³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ̞⁴¹ lõ⁴¹ tan¹³/

/t͡sʰɤ̞⁴¹ lõ⁴¹ tan¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰän³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ̞⁴¹ lõ⁴¹ tan¹³/

/t͡sʰɤ̞⁴¹ lõ⁴¹ tan¹³/

(Southwestern Mandarin, Xiang, vulgar) to talk nonsense; to bullshit


禾老蟲

/o¹³ lɒu̯⁴¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ¹³/

/o¹³ lɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sən¹³/

/o¹³ lɒu̯⁴¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ¹³/

/o¹³ lɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sən¹³/


老蟲

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ tʰaŋ⁵⁵/

/lɔ²² zoŋ⁴⁴/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ¹³/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sən¹³/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ tʰaŋ⁵⁵/

/lɔ²² zoŋ⁴⁴/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ¹³/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sən¹³/


地羊肉

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ i̯æn¹³ ʐəu̯²⁴/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ i̯æn¹³ ʐəu̯²⁴/


姪郎子

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ l̃an¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ l̃an¹³ t͡sz̩³/

(Xiang) nephew-in-law (husband of brother's daughter)


息錢

/si²⁴ t͡si̯ẽ¹³/

/ɕi²⁴ t͡ɕi̯ẽ¹³/

/si²⁴ t͡si̯ẽ¹³/

/ɕi²⁴ t͡ɕi̯ẽ¹³/

(Xiang, finance) interest (on mortgages or savings)


蜘蛛蒙子

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ t͡ɕy³³ man³³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sz̩²⁴ t͡ɕy³³ man³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ t͡ɕy³³ man³³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sz̩²⁴ t͡ɕy³³ man³³ t͡sz̩³/

(Xiang) spiderweb (net-like construct of a spider)


細媳婦

/ɕi⁴⁵ ɕi²⁴ ɸu³/

/ɕi⁴⁵ ɕi²⁴ ɸu³/

(Xiang) tongyangxi; girl adopted into a family as future daughter-in-law; child bride


姪女子

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ ny⁵¹ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/t͡səʔ⁵⁴⁻² ny⁵³ t͡səʔ¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ n̠ʲy⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sz̩²⁴ n̠ʲy⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ ny⁵¹ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/t͡səʔ⁵⁴⁻² ny⁵³ t͡səʔ¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ n̠ʲy⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sz̩²⁴ n̠ʲy⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

(Ürümqi Mandarin, Dungan, Jin, Xiang) fraternal niece (brother's daughter)


鼻尖子

/pi²⁴ t͡si̯ẽ³³ t͡sz̩³/

/pi²⁴ t͡ɕi̯ẽ³³ t͡sz̩³/

/pi²⁴ t͡si̯ẽ³³ t͡sz̩³/

/pi²⁴ t͡ɕi̯ẽ³³ t͡sz̩³/


指甲子

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ ka̠²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sz̩²⁴ ka̠²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ ka̠²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sz̩²⁴ ka̠²⁴ t͡sz̩³/


指甲子花

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ ka̠²⁴ t͡sz̩³ ɸa̠³³/

/t͡sz̩²⁴ ka̠²⁴ t͡sz̩³ ɸa̠³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ ka̠²⁴ t͡sz̩³ ɸa̠³³/

/t͡sz̩²⁴ ka̠²⁴ t͡sz̩³ ɸa̠³³/

Impatiens balsamina
Impatiens balsamina#Translingual

(Gan, Xiang) garden balsam (Impatiens balsamina)


細崽

/ˈɕi³⁵ t͡sai²¹³/

/se⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡saɪ³¹/

/ɕi⁴⁵ t͡sai̯⁴¹/

/ˈɕi³⁵ t͡sai²¹³/

/se⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡saɪ³¹/

/ɕi⁴⁵ t͡sai̯⁴¹/


鼻竇膿

/pi²⁴ təu̯⁴⁵ l̃ʊŋ¹³/

/pi²⁴ təu̯⁴⁵ lən¹³/

/pi²⁴ təu̯⁴⁵ l̃ʊŋ¹³/

/pi²⁴ təu̯⁴⁵ lən¹³/


蜘蛛子

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ t͡ɕy³³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sz̩²⁴ t͡ɕy³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ t͡ɕy³³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sz̩²⁴ t͡ɕy³³ t͡sz̩³/

QJ - between ancient Qin and JinZW - in the vicinity of ancient Zhao and WeiNY - between Northern Yan


書殼子

/ɕy³³ kʰo²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕy³³ kʰo²⁴ t͡sz̩³/


漁划子

/y¹³ ɸa̠¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/y¹³ ɸa̠¹³ t͡sz̩³/


書頁子

/ɕy³³ y̯e̞²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕy³³ y̯e̞²⁴ t͡sz̩³/


梭梭板

(Sichuanese, Xiang) slide (play equipment)


蚱蜢子

/t͡sa̠²⁴ mʊŋ⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sa̠²⁴ mən⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sa̠²⁴ mʊŋ⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sa̠²⁴ mən⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/


發風

/pɔt̚¹ fʊŋ⁴⁴/

/faʔ⁴⁴ foŋ⁵³/

/ɸa̠²⁴ xʊŋ³³/

/ɸa̠²⁴ xən³³/

/fä²² xɤŋ⁴⁴⁵/

/pɔt̚¹ fʊŋ⁴⁴/

/faʔ⁴⁴ foŋ⁵³/

/ɸa̠²⁴ xʊŋ³³/

/ɸa̠²⁴ xən³³/

/fä²² xɤŋ⁴⁴⁵/

儂看，開始發西風了

侬看，开始发西风了

(Hakka, Shanghainese, Xiang) to be windy; the wind blows


書憨寶

/ɕy³³ xan³³ pɒu̯⁴¹/

/ɕy³³ xan³³ pɒu̯⁴¹/


花瓣子

/ɸa̠³³ pan²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩¹³/

/ɸa̠³³ pan²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩¹³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Xiang, botany) petal


魚秧子

/y¹³ i̯æn³³ t͡sz̩³/

/y¹³ i̯ɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sz̩³/

/y¹³ i̯æn³³ t͡sz̩³/

/y¹³ i̯ɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sz̩³/

(Jinan, Wuhan and Nanjing Mandarin, Xiang) fish fry; newly hatched fish


花缽子

/ɸa̠³³ po²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ɸa̠³³ po²⁴ t͡sz̩³/


如勢

(Xiang) just right; just in time; just at the right moment; as it happens


罷是

/pa̠²¹⁻¹¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁻¹¹/

/pa̠²¹⁻¹¹ sz̩²¹⁻¹¹/

/pa̠²¹⁻¹¹ ʂʐ̩²¹⁻¹¹/

/pa̠²¹⁻¹¹ sz̩²¹⁻¹¹/

(Xiang) intentionally; deliberately; purposely


打霜

/ta²¹³⁻¹³ sɔŋ⁴²/

/tã³³ sɑ̃⁴⁴/

/ta̠⁴¹ ɕy̯æn³³/

/ta²¹³⁻¹³ sɔŋ⁴²/

/tã³³ sɑ̃⁴⁴/

/ta̠⁴¹ ɕy̯æn³³/

(Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Yudu Hakka, Wu, Xiang) to have frost appear


花苞子

/ɸa̠³³ pɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ɸa̠³³ pɒu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/


打哄

/ta̠⁴¹ xʊŋ⁴¹/

/ta̠⁴¹ xən⁴¹/

/ta̠⁴¹ xʊŋ⁴¹/

/ta̠⁴¹ xən⁴¹/

(Xiang) to dupe; to hoodwink; to take someone for a ride


芋子

/y²¹³ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/y²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/y²¹³ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/y²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/


八面子

/pa̠²⁴ mi̯ẽ²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/pa̠²⁴ mi̯ẽ²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

From 八面威風 /八面威风, where 風 /风 is a homophone of 瘋 /疯 (“crazy”).


細人子

/ɕi³⁵ n̠ʲin² t͡sz̩¹/

/si⁴⁵ ʐən¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi⁴⁵ ʐən¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi³⁵ n̠ʲin² t͡sz̩¹/

/si⁴⁵ ʐən¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi⁴⁵ ʐən¹³ t͡sz̩³/

(Gan, Xiang, dialectal Hakka) child; kid (person who has not yet reached adulthood)


打呵信

/ta̠⁴¹ xa̠³³ ɕin⁴⁵/

/ta̠⁴¹ xa̠³³ ɕin⁴⁵/


蜜蜂子

/mi²⁴ fəŋ²⁴ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/mi²⁴ xʊŋ³³ t͡sz̩³/

/mi²⁴ fəŋ²⁴ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/mi²⁴ xʊŋ³³ t͡sz̩³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Xiang) bee; honeybee


架事

/ka̠⁴⁵ sz̩²¹⁻¹¹/

/ka̠⁴⁵ sz̩²¹⁻¹¹/

(Xiang) to be in the way; to be a hindrance


牙巴骨

/ŋa̠¹³ pa̠³ ku²⁴/

/ŋa̠¹³ pa̠³ ku²⁴/


牙巴

/ŋa̠¹³ pa̠³/

/ŋa̠¹³ pa̠³/


架路

/ka̠⁴⁵ ləu̯²¹⁻¹¹/

/ka̠⁴⁵ ləu̯²¹⁻¹¹/


細伢子

/si⁴⁵ ŋa̠¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi⁴⁵ ŋa̠¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/si⁴⁵ ŋa̠¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi⁴⁵ ŋa̠¹³ t͡sz̩³/

(Xiang) child; kid (person who has not yet reached adulthood)


扯草

/ʈ͡ʂʰa̠⁴¹ t͡sʰɒu̯⁴¹/

/t͡sʰa̠⁴¹ t͡sʰɒu̯⁴¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰa̠⁴¹ t͡sʰɒu̯⁴¹/

/t͡sʰa̠⁴¹ t͡sʰɒu̯⁴¹/

(Xiang) to weed; to pull up weeds; to remove weeds


魚脬

/y¹³ pʰɒu̯³³/

/y¹³ pʰɒu̯³³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Xiang) swim bladder


伢崽子

/ŋa̠¹³ ʈ͡ʂai̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ŋa̠¹³ t͡sai̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ŋa̠¹³ ʈ͡ʂai̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ŋa̠¹³ t͡sai̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/


馬婆子

/ma̠⁴¹ pʰo¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/mä³³ b̥o¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ma̠⁴¹ pʰo¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/mä³³ b̥o¹¹ t͡sz̩³/


花心子

/xua¹¹ ɕiŋ¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

/ɸa̠³³ sin³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɸa̠³³ ɕin³³ t͡sz̩³/

/xua¹¹ ɕiŋ¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

/ɸa̠³³ sin³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɸa̠³³ ɕin³³ t͡sz̩³/

(dialectal, including Mandarin, Jin, Wu, Xiang, botany) stamen and gynoecium


八哥子

(Jianghuai Mandarin, Gan, Xiang) myna bird


馬公子

/ma̠⁴¹ kʊŋ³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ma̠⁴¹ kən³³ t͡sz̩³/

/mä³³ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/ma̠⁴¹ kʊŋ³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ma̠⁴¹ kən³³ t͡sz̩³/

/mä³³ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/


射鼻子

/ʂa̠⁴⁵ pi²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ʂa̠⁴⁵ pi²⁴ t͡sz̩³/


馬婆

/ma̠⁴¹ pʰo¹³/

/ma̠⁴¹ pʰo¹³/


差點咖子

/t͡sʰa̠³³ ti̯ẽ⁴¹ ka̠³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sʰa̠³³ ti̯ẽ⁴¹ ka̠³ t͡sz̩³/


姑爹爹

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather#English

(Xiang) granduncle (husband of paternal grandfather's sister)


啄木官

/ʈ͡ʂa̠²⁴ mo²⁴ kõ³³/

/t͡sa̠²⁴ mo²⁴ kõ³³/

/ʈ͡ʂa̠²⁴ mo²⁴ kõ³³/

/t͡sa̠²⁴ mo²⁴ kõ³³/


穀酒

/ku²⁴ t͡si̯əu̯⁴¹/

/ku²⁴ t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/

/ku²⁴ t͡si̯əu̯⁴¹/

/ku²⁴ t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/


葫蘆瓜

/wuː²¹ lou̯²¹⁻³⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵/

/ɸu¹³ ləu̯¹³ ku̯a̠³³/

/wuː²¹ lou̯²¹⁻³⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵/

/ɸu¹³ ləu̯¹³ ku̯a̠³³/

(Cantonese, Xiang) bottle gourd; calabash


牛山皮

/n̠ʲəu̯¹³ san³³ pʰi¹³/

/n̠ʲəu̯¹³ san³³ pʰi¹³/


細雨子

/ɕi⁴⁵ y⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi⁴⁵ y⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/


牛郎中

/n̠ʲəu̯¹³ l̃an¹³ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ³³/

/n̠ʲəu̯¹³ l̃an¹³ t͡sən³³/

/n̠ʲəu̯¹³ l̃an¹³ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ³³/

/n̠ʲəu̯¹³ l̃an¹³ t͡sən³³/

(Xiang) veterinarian; veterinary surgeon; vet


苦流碼子

/kʰu⁴¹ li̯əu̯¹³ ma̠⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/kʰu⁴¹ li̯əu̯¹³ ma̠⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/


沙蟲子

/sa⁵⁵ t͡sʰoŋ²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/sa̠³³ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/sa̠³³ t͡sən¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/sa⁵⁵ t͡sʰoŋ²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/sa̠³³ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/sa̠³³ t͡sən¹³ t͡sz̩³/

(Sichuanese, Xiang, Yudu Hakka) wiggler; wriggler; mosquito larva


褲帶子

/kʰu²¹³⁻¹³ tai³⁵ t͡sz̩²/

/kʰu²¹³⁻¹³ tai³⁵ t͡sz̩²/

(Gan, Xiang) waist belt; waistband; girdle


八角茴

/pat̚⁵ kɔʔ⁵ fɨi³⁵/

/pa̠²⁴ ko²⁴ ɸe̞i̯¹³/

/pat̚⁵ kɔʔ⁵ fɨi³⁵/

/pa̠²⁴ ko²⁴ ɸe̞i̯¹³/

Illicium verum
Illicium verum#Translingual

(Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Xiang) star anise (Illicium verum)


無時八晏

/u¹³ ʂʐ̩¹³ pa̠³ ŋan⁴⁵/

/u¹³ sz̩¹³ pa̠³ ŋan⁴⁵/

/u¹³ ʂʐ̩¹³ pa̠³ ŋan⁴⁵/

/u¹³ sz̩¹³ pa̠³ ŋan⁴⁵/


無晏十晏

/u¹³ ŋan⁴⁵ ʂʐ̩²⁴ ŋan⁴⁵/

/u¹³ ŋan⁴⁵ sz̩²⁴ ŋan⁴⁵/

/u¹³ ŋan⁴⁵ ʂʐ̩²⁴ ŋan⁴⁵/

/u¹³ ŋan⁴⁵ sz̩²⁴ ŋan⁴⁵/


富菜

/ɸu⁴⁵ t͡sʰai̯⁴⁵/

/ɸu⁴⁵ t͡sʰai̯⁴⁵/

Taboo of mentioning 芹菜 (“celery”) in Changsha, as 芹 (qin2) is closely homophonic with 窮／穷 (qiong2, “poor”).

(Xiang) celery, especially the Chinese celery


螞蟻子

ma³ yi²⁻¹ zi³⁻²

/ma⁵³ i²¹⁻⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³⁻²¹/

/ma̠⁴¹ n̠ʲi²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ma̠⁴¹ n̠ʲi⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/mɔ¹³ ni¹¹⁻¹ t͡sz̩³/

/mä³³ mi³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ma⁵³ i²¹⁻⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³⁻²¹/

/ma̠⁴¹ n̠ʲi²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ma̠⁴¹ n̠ʲi⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/mɔ¹³ ni¹¹⁻¹ t͡sz̩³/

/mä³³ mi³³ t͡sz̩³/


誤犯

/ŋu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ fam⁵³/

/u⁴⁵ ɸan²¹⁻¹¹/

/ŋu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ fam⁵³/

/u⁴⁵ ɸan²¹⁻¹¹/

(Sichuanese, Hakka, Wu, Xiang) to unintentionally violate (a rule, etc.)


無情冇事

/u¹³ t͡sin³ mɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ sz̩²¹⁻¹¹/

/u¹³ t͡ɕin³ mɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ sz̩²¹⁻¹¹/

/u¹³ t͡sin³ mɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ sz̩²¹⁻¹¹/

/u¹³ t͡ɕin³ mɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ sz̩²¹⁻¹¹/

(Xiang) without cause or reason; for no reason at all


牛唧唧

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ t͡si³³ t͡si³/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ t͡ɕi³³ t͡ɕi³/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ t͡si³³ t͡si³/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ t͡ɕi³³ t͡ɕi³/


不看見

/pu²⁴ kʰan⁴⁵ t͡ɕi̯ẽ⁴⁵/

/pu²⁴ kʰan⁴⁵ t͡ɕi̯ẽ⁴⁵/

(Xiang) to be unable to see; to be unseen; to be invisible


補巴

(Xiang) patch (material used to mend a weak point in a garment)


蒲墩

/pʰu¹³ tən³³/

/pʰu¹³ tən³³/


糊糊麵

/ɸu¹³ ɸu³ mi̯ẽ²¹⁻¹¹/

/ɸu¹³ ɸu³ mi̯ẽ²¹⁻¹¹/

(Xiang) panada cooked flour paste (as food)


鴨崽子

/ŋat̚⁵ t͡sai²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/ŋa̠²⁴ t͡sai̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ŋat̚⁵ t͡sai²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/ŋa̠²⁴ t͡sai̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/


一臉

/i²⁴ li̯ẽ⁴¹/

/i²⁴ li̯ẽ⁴¹/

(Xiang) one's whole face (being covered with)


牛舌子

/n̠ʲəu̯¹³ ʂɤ̞²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/n̠ʲəu̯¹³ sɤ̞²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/n̠ʲəu̯¹³ ʂɤ̞²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/n̠ʲəu̯¹³ sɤ̞²⁴ t͡sz̩³/


一門心

/i²⁴ mən¹³ ɕin³³/

/i²⁴ mən¹³ ɕin³³/


無治皮

/u¹³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵ pʰi¹³/

/u¹³ t͡sz̩⁴⁵ pʰi¹³/

/u¹³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵ pʰi¹³/

/u¹³ t͡sz̩⁴⁵ pʰi¹³/

(Xiang) rascal (a person who is dishonest, shameless and unreliable)


衣毛子

/i³³ mɒu̯¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/i³³ mɒu̯¹³ t͡sz̩³/

(Xiang) cotton fiber that falls out from one's clothes


一哈哈子

/i²⁴ xa̠⁴⁵ xa̠³ t͡sz̩³/

/i²⁴ xa̠⁴⁵ xa̠³ t͡sz̩³/


牛賺子

/n̠ʲəu̯¹³ t͡san²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/n̠ʲəu̯¹³ t͡san²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

Taboo of mentioning 牛舌子 (nyou² she⁶ zr, “ox tongue”), as 舌 (she⁶, “tongue”) is homophonous with 折 (she⁶, “to lose (money)”).


牛枷

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ ka̠³³/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ ka̠³³/


如至今

/y¹³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵ t͡ɕin³³/

/y¹³ t͡sz̩⁴⁵ t͡ɕin³³/

/y¹³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵ t͡ɕin³³/

/y¹³ t͡sz̩⁴⁵ t͡ɕin³³/


哭臉巴

/kʰu²⁴ li̯ẽ⁴¹ pa̠³³/

/kʰu²⁴ li̯ẽ⁴¹ pa̠³³/

(Xiang) child that is fond of crying; crybaby


胡琴子

/ɸu¹³ t͡ɕʰin¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɸu¹³ t͡ɕʰin¹³ t͡sz̩³/

(Xiang) huqin (any of a family of vertical bowed lutes used in Chinese music)


一坦平洋

/i²⁴ tʰan⁴¹ pin¹³ i̯æn¹³/

/i²⁴ tʰan⁴¹ pin¹³ i̯æn¹³/

(Xiang) wide expanse of flat land; wide stretch of flat country


鋸木屑

/kɤ̞⁴⁵ mo²⁴ si̯e̞²⁴/

/kɤ̞⁴⁵ mo²⁴ ɕi̯e̞²⁴/

/kɤ̞⁴⁵ mo²⁴ si̯e̞²⁴/

/kɤ̞⁴⁵ mo²⁴ ɕi̯e̞²⁴/


姨爹爹

/i¹³ ti̯a̠³³ ti̯a̠³/

/i¹³ ti̯a̠³³ ti̯a̠³/

(Xiang) great-uncle (husband of father's mother's sister)


喜飽噠

/ɕi⁴¹ pɒu̯⁴¹ ta̠³/

/ɕi⁴¹ pɒu̯⁴¹ ta̠³/


哭喪棍

(Xiang) staff in former times used by the son of the deceased in a funeral procession to show filial piety


開山子

Taboo of mentioning 斧 (fu3, “axe”), since it is homophonic with 虎 (fu3, “tiger”).


姨外婆

/i¹³ u̯ai̯²¹⁻¹¹ po¹³/

/i¹³ u̯ai̯²¹⁻¹¹ po¹³/

(Xiang) great-aunt (paternal grandmother's sister)


烏黢麻黑

/u³³ t͡sʰi³³ ma̠³³ xɤ̞²⁴/

/u³³ t͡ɕʰi³³ ma̠³³ xɤ̞²⁴/

/u³³ t͡sʰi³³ ma̠³³ xɤ̞²⁴/

/u³³ t͡ɕʰi³³ ma̠³³ xɤ̞²⁴/


汽划子

/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵ ɸa̠¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵ ɸa̠¹³ t͡sz̩³/


姨娭毑

/i¹³ ŋai̯³³ t͡ɕi̯e̞⁴¹/

/i¹³ ŋai̯³³ t͡ɕi̯e̞⁴¹/


牙齦子

/ŋa̠¹³ in¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/ŋa̠¹³ in¹³ t͡sz̩³/


蟻子

/n̠ʲi⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/n̠ʲi⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/


吸人

/ɕi²⁴ ʐən¹³/

/ɕi²⁴ ʐən¹³/


鴨婆

/ŋat̚⁵ pʰo²⁴/

/ŋa̠²⁴ po¹³/

/ŋat̚⁵ pʰo²⁴/

/ŋa̠²⁴ po¹³/

(Sichuanese, dialectal Cantonese, Jiangxi Hakka, Gan, Xiang) female duck


鴨公子

/ŋa̠²⁴ kʊŋ³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ŋa̠²⁴ kən³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ŋa̠²⁴ kʊŋ³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ŋa̠²⁴ kən³³ t͡sz̩³/


烏同黑暗

/u³³ tʊŋ¹³ xɤ̞²⁴ ŋan⁴⁵/

/u³³ tən¹³ xɤ̞²⁴ ŋan⁴⁵/

/u³³ tʊŋ¹³ xɤ̞²⁴ ŋan⁴⁵/

/u³³ tən¹³ xɤ̞²⁴ ŋan⁴⁵/


一般子

(Xiang) ordinary; plain; average; nothing special


巡經

/sən¹³ t͡ɕin³³/

/sən¹³ t͡ɕin³³/


鴨婆子

/ŋa̠²⁴ po¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/ŋa̠²⁴ po¹³ t͡sz̩³/


基腳

/t͡ɕi³³ t͡ɕi̯o²⁴/

/t͡ɕi³³ t͡ɕi̯o²⁴/


母驢子

(dialectal Mandarin, Xiang) female donkey


湖殼子

/ɸu¹³ kʰo²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ɸu¹³ kʰo²⁴ t͡sz̩³/


一路來

/i²⁴ ləu̯⁴¹ lai̯²⁴/

/i²⁴ ləu̯⁴⁵ lai̯²⁴/

/i²⁴ ləu̯²⁴ lai̯²⁴/

/i²⁴ ləu̯⁴¹ lai̯²⁴/

/i²⁴ ləu̯⁴⁵ lai̯²⁴/

/i²⁴ ləu̯²⁴ lai̯²⁴/


雞咯咯

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ko²¹ ko²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi³³ ko²¹⁻¹¹ ko²¹⁻¹¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ko²¹ ko²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi³³ ko²¹⁻¹¹ ko²¹⁻¹¹/


一黑早

/i²⁴ xɤ̞²⁴ t͡sɒu̯⁴¹/

/i²⁴ xɤ̞²⁴ t͡sɒu̯⁴¹/


喜菜子

/ɕi⁴¹ t͡sʰai̯⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi⁴¹ t͡sʰai̯⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

Taboo of mentioning 肉 (ròu) in the suburbs of Changsha, as 喫肉去／吃肉去 (“to go eat meat”) is often said during funerals.


地蛇婆

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ ʂɤ̞¹³ po¹³/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ sɤ̞¹³ po¹³/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ ʂɤ̞¹³ po¹³/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ sɤ̞¹³ po¹³/


地盤子

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ põ¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ põ¹³ t͡sz̩³/

(Xiang) one's base or turf; territory under one's control


提火

(Wu, Xiang, traditional Chinese medicine) to suffer from excessive internal heat; to become inflamed; to have inflammation


蒂蒂子

(Xiang) a stalk (peduncle or pedicel) of a flower, flower head, or fruit


地菜子

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sʰai̯⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sʰai̯⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/


髂膝骨

/kʰɤ̞²⁴ si²⁴ ku³/

/kʰɤ̞²⁴ ɕi²⁴ ku³/

/kʰɤ̞²⁴ si²⁴ ku³/

/kʰɤ̞²⁴ ɕi²⁴ ku³/


易得

/i²¹⁻¹¹ tɤ̞³/

/i²¹⁻¹¹ tɤ̞³/


地腳

/di²² t͡ɕiaʔ⁴⁴/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ t͡ɕi̯o²⁴/

/di²² t͡ɕiaʔ⁴⁴/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ t͡ɕi̯o²⁴/


膝頭骨

/ɕi²⁴ tʰəu̯³ ku³/

/ɕi²⁴ tʰəu̯³ ku³/


力索

(Xiang) coarse rope (for dragging large objects, usually made or palm fiber or hemp, around 1 inch in diameter)


姨妹子

/i¹³ me̞i̯⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/i¹¹ mei̯²¹³⁻³¹ t͡sz̩³/

/i¹³ me̞i̯⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/i¹¹ mei̯²¹³⁻³¹ t͡sz̩³/

(Xiang) sister-in-law (wife's younger sister)


地蠶子

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ t͡san¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ t͡san¹³ t͡sz̩³/


苦楝子樹

/kʰu²¹³⁻²¹ liɛn¹ t͡sz̩² ɕy¹¹/

/kʰu⁴¹ li̯ẽ⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³ ɕy²¹⁻¹¹/

/kʰu²¹³⁻²¹ liɛn¹ t͡sz̩² ɕy¹¹/

/kʰu⁴¹ li̯ẽ⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³ ɕy²¹⁻¹¹/

Melia azedarach
Melia azedarach#Translingual

(Xi'an Mandarin, Gan, Xiang) bead tree (Melia azedarach)


擦板

/t͡sʰaʔ³³ pe⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰaʔ³³ pe⁴⁴/


雞毛眼

/t͡ɕi³³ mɒu̯¹³ ŋan⁴¹/

/t͡ɕi³³ mɒu̯¹³ ŋan⁴¹/

(Pingxiang Gan, Yudu Hakka, Xiang) night blindness


雞欛子

/t͡ɕi³³ pa̠⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕi³³ pa̠⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

(Xiang) a kind of sweet grass shaped like a chicken leg


姨爺子

/i¹³ i̯e̞¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/i¹³ i̯e̞¹³ t͡sz̩³/

(Xiang) maternal uncle (husband of mother's sister)

> - husband of mother's elder sister; < - husband of mother's younger sister


姑娭毑

/ku³³ ŋai̯³³ t͡si̯e̞⁴¹/

/ku³³ ŋai̯³³ t͡ɕi̯e̞⁴¹/

/ku³³ ŋai̯³³ t͡si̯e̞⁴¹/

/ku³³ ŋai̯³³ t͡ɕi̯e̞⁴¹/

(Xiang) paternal grandaunt (paternal grandfather's sister)

> - older than paternal grandfather; < - younger than paternal grandfather


一下下子

/i²⁴ xa̠²¹⁻¹¹ xa̠³ t͡sz̩³/

/i²⁴ xa̠²¹⁻¹¹ xa̠³ t͡sz̩³/


齋貓子

/t͡sai̯³³ mɒu̯³³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sai̯³³ mɒu̯³³ t͡sz̩³/


抵錢

/tɐi̯³⁵ t͡sʰiːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/ti⁴¹ t͡si̯ẽ¹³/

/ti⁴¹ t͡ɕi̯ẽ¹³/

/tɐi̯³⁵ t͡sʰiːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/ti⁴¹ t͡si̯ẽ¹³/

/ti⁴¹ t͡ɕi̯ẽ¹³/

(Guangzhou Cantonese, Hakka, Xiang) valuable; costly


來尿

/lai̯¹³ n̠ʲi̯ɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹/

/lai̯¹³ n̠ʲi̯ɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹/


篩茶

/saɪ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰa¹¹/

/saɪ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰa¹¹/


撣帚子

/tan⁵³ t͡səu⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³⁻²¹/

/tan⁴¹ ʈ͡ʂəu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/tan⁵³ t͡səu⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³⁻²¹/

/tan⁴¹ ʈ͡ʂəu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/


篩酒

/saɪ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡siu³¹/

/sai̯³³ t͡si̯əu̯⁴¹/

/sai̯³³ t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/

/saɪ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡siu³¹/

/sai̯³³ t͡si̯əu̯⁴¹/

/sai̯³³ t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/

(Gan, Hakka, Xiang) to pour an alcoholic beverage


煞黑

/ʃat̚²¹ hɐk̚²⁴/

/sa̠²⁴ xɤ̞²⁴/

/ʃat̚²¹ hɐk̚²⁴/

/sa̠²⁴ xɤ̞²⁴/

(Wuhan Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Waxiang, Xiang) nightfall; toward evening; dusk


提調

/ti¹³ ti̯ɒu̯⁴⁵/

/ti¹³ ti̯ɒu̯⁴⁵/

(Xiang) to arrange; to plan; to make arrangements


提調

/ti¹³ ti̯ɒu̯⁴⁵/

/ti¹³ ti̯ɒu̯⁴⁵/


烏風黑暗

/u³³ xʊŋ³³ xɤ̞²⁴ ŋan⁴⁵/

/u³³ xən³³ xɤ̞²⁴ ŋan⁴⁵/

/u³³ xʊŋ³³ xɤ̞²⁴ ŋan⁴⁵/

/u³³ xən³³ xɤ̞²⁴ ŋan⁴⁵/


愛俏

/ŋai̯⁴⁵ t͡sʰi̯ɒu̯⁴⁵/

/ŋai̯⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɒu̯⁴⁵/

/ŋai̯⁴⁵ t͡sʰi̯ɒu̯⁴⁵/

/ŋai̯⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɒu̯⁴⁵/

(Xiang) to set store by one's appearance; to like to be well-groomed; to wish to appear beautiful


艾葉子

/ŋai̯²¹⁻¹¹ i̯e̞²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ŋai̯²¹⁻¹¹ i̯e̞²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

(Xiang) Chinese mugwort (Artemisia argyi)


奶唧唧

/lai̯⁴¹ t͡ɕi⁴⁵ t͡ɕi⁴⁵/

/lai̯⁴¹ t͡ɕi⁴⁵ t͡ɕi⁴⁵/


來塌

/lai̯¹³ tʰa̠²⁴/

/lai̯¹³ tʰa̠²⁴/


利霸

/li̯e̞⁴⁵ pa̠⁴⁵/

/li̯e̞⁴⁵ pa̠⁴⁵/


地神先生

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ ʂən¹³ si̯ẽ³³ sən³/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ sən¹³ ɕi̯ẽ³³ sən³/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ ʂən¹³ si̯ẽ³³ sən³/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ sən¹³ ɕi̯ẽ³³ sən³/


鋸木灰

/kɤ̞⁴⁵ mo²⁴ ɸe̞i̯³³/

/kɤ̞⁴⁵ mo²⁴ ɸe̞i̯³³/


狐皮朥

/ɸu¹³ pʰi¹³ lɒu̯³³/

/ɸu¹³ pʰi¹³ lɒu̯³³/

(Xiang, Pingxiang Gan) body odour (especially in the armpit region)


茶葉子

/t͡sa̠¹³ y̯e̞²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sa̠¹³ y̯e̞²⁴ t͡sz̩³/


地理先生

/tʰi⁵³⁻⁵⁵ li³¹ sin⁴⁴ saŋ⁴⁴/

/ti²⁴²⁻⁵³ l̃i³³⁽⁻²¹⁾ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liŋ⁵⁵ nˡaŋ⁵⁵/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ li⁴¹ si̯ẽ³³ sən³/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ li⁴¹ ɕi̯ẽ³³ sən³/

/tʰi⁵³⁻⁵⁵ li³¹ sin⁴⁴ saŋ⁴⁴/

/ti²⁴²⁻⁵³ l̃i³³⁽⁻²¹⁾ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liŋ⁵⁵ nˡaŋ⁵⁵/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ li⁴¹ si̯ẽ³³ sən³/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ li⁴¹ ɕi̯ẽ³³ sən³/

(Pingxiang Gan, Hakka, Huizhou, Eastern Min, Southern Pinghua, Xiang) fengshui master; geomancer


舅娘子

/t͡ɕi̯əu̯²¹⁻¹¹ n̠ʲi̯æn¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕi̯əu̯²¹⁻¹¹ n̠ʲi̯æn¹³ t͡sz̩³/

(Xiang) maternal aunt (wife of mother's brother)

> - wife of mother's elder brother; < - wife of mother's younger brother; >< - face-to-face; <> - non-face-to-face


牛蚊子

/nʲiəu²¹ uən²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ mən³³ t͡sz̩³/

/nʲiəu²¹ uən²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ mən³³ t͡sz̩³/

(Southwestern Mandarin, Pingxiang Gan, Southern Pinghua, Xiang) gadfly


點咖子

/ti̯ẽ⁴¹ ka̠³ t͡sz̩³/

/ti̯ẽ⁴¹ ŋa̠³ t͡sz̩³/

/ti̯ẽ⁴¹ ka̠³ t͡sz̩³/

/ti̯ẽ⁴¹ ŋa̠³ t͡sz̩³/

GT: General Taiwan (no particular region identified)


猜謎子

/t͡sʰai̯³³ me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡sʰai̯³³ me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/


九尺五

/t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴ u⁴¹/

/t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹ t͡sʰz̩²⁴ u⁴¹/

/t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴ u⁴¹/

/t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹ t͡sʰz̩²⁴ u⁴¹/

(Xiang, non-face-to-face) father-in-law (wife's father)


一點咖子

/i²⁴ ti̯ẽ⁴¹ ka̠³ t͡sz̩³/

/i²⁴ ti̯ẽ⁴¹ ŋa̠³ t͡sz̩³/

/i²⁴ ti̯ẽ⁴¹ ka̠³ t͡sz̩³/

/i²⁴ ti̯ẽ⁴¹ ŋa̠³ t͡sz̩³/


洗把

/ɕi⁴¹ pa̠⁴¹/

/ɕi⁴¹ pa̠⁴¹/


那氣子

/lai̯⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/la̠⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/lai̯⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/la̠⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

(Xiang) at that time; in those days; back then


快迅

/kʰu̯ai̯⁴⁵ ɕin⁴⁵/

/kʰu̯ai̯⁴⁵ ɕin⁴⁵/


牛婆子

/n̠ʲəu̯¹³ po¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/n̠ʲi̯u¹¹ b̥o¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/n̠ʲəu̯¹³ po¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/n̠ʲi̯u¹¹ b̥o¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

(Xiang) female cow (especially those that have given birth)


該賬

/kai̯³³ ʈ͡ʂan⁴⁵/

/kai̯³³ ʈ͡ʂan⁴⁵/


再後年

/t͡sai̯⁴⁵ xəu̯²¹⁻¹¹ n̠ʲə̃¹³/

/t͡sai̯⁴⁵ xəu̯²¹⁻¹¹ n̠ʲə̃¹³/


在得

/t͡sai̯⁴⁵ tɤ̞²⁴/

/t͡sai̯⁴⁵ tɤ̞²⁴/

(Xiang) ought to; should (used as an auxiliary verb)

(Xiang) to be worth; to merit; to deserve; to be worthy of


一滴咖子

/i²⁴ ti̯a̠²⁴ ka̠³ t͡sz̩³/

/i²⁴ ti̯a̠²⁴ ŋa̠³ t͡sz̩³/

/i²⁴ ti̯æn⁴⁵ ka̠³ t͡sz̩³/

/i²⁴ ti̯æn⁴⁵ ŋa̠³ t͡sz̩³/

/i²⁴ ti̯a̠²⁴ ka̠³ t͡sz̩³/

/i²⁴ ti̯a̠²⁴ ŋa̠³ t͡sz̩³/

/i²⁴ ti̯æn⁴⁵ ka̠³ t͡sz̩³/

/i²⁴ ti̯æn⁴⁵ ŋa̠³ t͡sz̩³/


滴咖子

/ti̯a̠²⁴ ŋa̠³ t͡sz̩³/

/ti̯æn⁴⁵ ŋa̠³ t͡sz̩³/

/ti̯a̠²⁴ ŋa̠³ t͡sz̩³/

/ti̯æn⁴⁵ ŋa̠³ t͡sz̩³/


蓋頭

/kaɪ̯⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯¹/

/kɔːi̯³³ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/kaɪ̯⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯¹/

/kɔːi̯³³ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/kai̯⁴⁵ tʰəu̯¹³/

/kai̯⁴⁵ tʰəu̯¹³/

(Xiang) The Chinese character component 冖.


腮巴子

/su̯e̞⁴⁴ pɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sz̩³/

/su̯e̞⁴⁴ pɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sz̩³/


雞崽子

/t͡ɕi³³ t͡sai̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕi⁴⁴⁵ t͡sai̯³³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕi³³ t͡sai̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕi⁴⁴⁵ t͡sai̯³³ t͡sz̩³/


矮路子

/ŋai̯⁴¹ ləu̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ŋai̯⁴¹ ləu̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/


雞公子

/t͡ɕi³³ kʊŋ³³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕi³³ kən³³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕi³³ kʊŋ³³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕi³³ kən³³ t͡sz̩³/


外後天

/ŋai̯²¹⁻¹¹ xəu̯²¹⁻¹¹ tʰi̯ẽ³³/

/ŋai̯²¹⁻¹¹ xəu̯²¹⁻¹¹ tʰi̯ẽ³³/

two days after tomorrow
two days after tomorrow

(Wuhan and Ürümqi Mandarin, Jin, Xiang) three days from now; two days after tomorrow


紅花妹子

/xʊŋ¹³ ɸa̠³³ me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/xən¹³ ɸa̠³³ me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/xʊŋ¹³ ɸa̠³³ me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/xən¹³ ɸa̠³³ me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/


鰍魚

/t͡sʰi̯əu̯³³ y¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯³³ y¹³/

/t͡sʰi̯əu̯³³ y¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯³³ y¹³/


開先

/kʰai̯³³ si̯ẽ³³/

/kʰai̯³³ ɕi̯ẽ³³/

/kʰai̯³³ si̯ẽ³³/

/kʰai̯³³ ɕi̯ẽ³³/

(Xiang) at first; initially; in the beginning; originally; at the outset


氣門

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ mən³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ mən³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵ mən¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵ mən¹³/


雞喌喌

/t͡ɕi³³ t͡ɕi̯o⁴⁵ t͡ɕi̯o⁴⁵/

/t͡ɕi³³ t͡ɕi̯o⁴⁵ t͡ɕi̯o⁴⁵/


西狗吃月

/si³³ kəu̯⁴¹ t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴ y̯e̞²⁴/

/ɕi³³ kəu̯⁴¹ t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴ y̯e̞²⁴/

/si³³ kəu̯⁴¹ t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴ y̯e̞²⁴/

/ɕi³³ kəu̯⁴¹ t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴ y̯e̞²⁴/


痧痱子

/sa̠³³ ɸe̞i̯⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/sa̠³³ ɸe̞i̯⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

(Xiang, dialectal Gan, Sandu Hakka, Waxiang, medicine) prickly heat; miliaria


喜鵲子

/ɕi⁵³ t͡ɕʰiaʔ² t͡səʔ³/

/ɕi⁴¹ t͡sʰi̯o²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi⁴¹ t͡ɕʰi̯o²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi⁵³ t͡ɕʰiaʔ² t͡səʔ³/

/ɕi⁴¹ t͡sʰi̯o²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi⁴¹ t͡ɕʰi̯o²⁴ t͡sz̩³/


姨子

(Xiang) (unmarried) maternal aunt (one's mother's sister)

§ - married; > - mother's elder sister; < - mother's younger sister


菩薩子戲

/pu¹³ sa̠²⁴ t͡sz̩³ ɕi⁴⁵/

/pu¹³ sa̠²⁴ t͡sz̩³ ɕi⁴⁵/

(Xiang, dated) film; motion picture; movie


咯些

/kai̯²⁴ ɕi̯e̞³/

/ko²⁴ ɕi̯e̞³/

/kai̯²⁴ ɕi̯e̞³/

/ko²⁴ ɕi̯e̞³/


衣袖子

/i³³ si̯əu̯⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/i³³ ɕi̯əu̯⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/i³³ si̯əu̯⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/i³³ ɕi̯əu̯⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/


雞毛撣帚

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ mɔ³³ tø³³ t͡sɤ²¹/

/t͡ɕi³³ mɒu̯¹³ tan⁴¹ ʈ͡ʂəu̯⁴¹/

/t͡ɕi³³ mɒu̯¹³ tan⁴¹ t͡səu̯⁴¹/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ mɔ³³ tø³³ t͡sɤ²¹/

/t͡ɕi³³ mɒu̯¹³ tan⁴¹ ʈ͡ʂəu̯⁴¹/

/t͡ɕi³³ mɒu̯¹³ tan⁴¹ t͡səu̯⁴¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Wu, Xiang) feather duster


解手紙

/kai̯⁴¹ ʂəu̯⁴¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴¹/

/kai̯⁴¹ səu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩⁴¹/

/kai̯⁴¹ ʂəu̯⁴¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴¹/

/kai̯⁴¹ səu̯⁴¹ t͡sz̩⁴¹/

(Xiang, Southwestern and Luoyang Mandarin) toilet paper


天狗吃月

/tʰiɛn⁵⁵ kəu⁵³ t͡sʰz̩²¹ ye²¹/

/ˈtʰiɛn⁴² kiɛu²¹³⁻¹³ t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁵ n̠ʲɵt̚⁵/

/tʰi̯ẽ³³ kəu̯⁴¹ t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴ y̯e̞²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁵⁵ kəu⁵³ t͡sʰz̩²¹ ye²¹/

/ˈtʰiɛn⁴² kiɛu²¹³⁻¹³ t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁵ n̠ʲɵt̚⁵/

/tʰi̯ẽ³³ kəu̯⁴¹ t͡ɕʰi̯a̠²⁴ y̯e̞²⁴/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, Huizhou, Pinghua, Jinhua Wu, Xiang) lunar eclipse


鞋面子

/xai̯¹³ mi̯ẽ²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ɣa̠¹³ mi¹¹⁻¹ t͡sz̩³/

/xai̯¹³ mi̯ẽ²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ɣa̠¹³ mi¹¹⁻¹ t͡sz̩³/


射火星

/ʂa̠²¹⁻¹¹ xo⁴¹ sin³³/

/sa̠²¹⁻¹¹ xo⁴¹ ɕin³³/

/ʂa̠²¹⁻¹¹ xo⁴¹ sin³³/

/sa̠²¹⁻¹¹ xo⁴¹ ɕin³³/

(Xiang, astronomy) meteor; shooting star


蝦公子

/xa̠³³ kʊŋ³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi̯a̠³³ kʊŋ³³ t͡sz̩³/

/xa̠³³ kən³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi̯a̠³³ kən³³ t͡sz̩³/

/xa̠³³ kʊŋ³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi̯a̠³³ kʊŋ³³ t͡sz̩³/

/xa̠³³ kən³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi̯a̠³³ kən³³ t͡sz̩³/


鞋帶子

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Yudu Hakka, Guilin Pinghua, Xiang) shoelace


射火子星

/ʂa̠²¹⁻¹¹ xo⁴¹ t͡sz̩³ sin³³/

/sa̠²¹⁻¹¹ xo⁴¹ t͡sz̩³ ɕin³³/

/ʂa̠²¹⁻¹¹ xo⁴¹ t͡sz̩³ sin³³/

/sa̠²¹⁻¹¹ xo⁴¹ t͡sz̩³ ɕin³³/