甩

This is a late character, and the divergent readings in various topolects may or may not be cognate.
The Mandarin reading came from 摔 (shuāi, “to fling, to throw, to fall down”), which can be traced to *srut in Old Chinese. It can be compared with Tibetan རུད (rud, “slip, that which has slipped down, falling mass, landslides”), རུད་རུད་པོ (rud rud po, “loosened, disintegrated, rough”).
The Cantonese reading is probably unrelated, though it may reflect a descendant of the archaic pronunciation *rut and hence be cognate with Mandarin. Either way, it is evidently from the same source as Min Nan 甪 (lut, “to come off, to slip loose”), Zhuang lot (“to come loose and drop off (due to loose tying)”), and Vietnamese lột (“to peel, to strip off”). May be compared with Tibetan ལོད་པོ (lod po, “relaxed, careless”), ལྷོད་པོ (lhod po, “relaxed, loose, lax”), and the Chinese word family of 兌 (*lot, > 脫 (“to come off”), 蛻 (“exuviae”)). Unlikely to be related to 落 (luò, “to fall, to drop off”).

cog

甩一碗米線／甩一碗米线


帽子

/mɑʊ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/mɔ⁴⁴ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/mou̯²²⁻³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/bo¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/mɔ²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/ɦmɔ³¹ t͡sz̩³³/

/mɔ²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/mæ²² t͡sz̩³³/

/mɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/mɤ¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/mɑʊ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/mɔ⁴⁴ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/mou̯²²⁻³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/bo¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/mɔ²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/ɦmɔ³¹ t͡sz̩³³/

/mɔ²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/mæ²² t͡sz̩³³/

/mɒu̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/mɤ¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

米線帽子／米线帽子

(Yunnan Mandarin, colloquial) toppings on a culinary dish


蓮根

/li̯ɛn³⁵ kən⁵⁵/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ kən⁵⁵/

妾身如蓮根，沉埋淤泥底。

妾身如莲根，沉埋淤泥底。

Wényuán jìnrì zhēn xiāokě, mò zhǒng liángēn yǐn hèn cháng.

文園近日真消渴，莫種蓮根引恨長。

文园近日真消渴，莫种莲根引恨长。

蓮根抱溪石，蓮子生石壁。

莲根抱溪石，莲子生石壁。

Lánxīn shǒusǐ xīn bù gǎi, liángēn zhéduàn sī yóu qiān.

蘭心守死心不改，蓮根折斷絲猶牽。

兰心守死心不改，莲根折断丝犹牵。


芋頭

/y⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯¹/

/y²¹³ tʰəu²¹/

/wuː²² tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/ʋu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ tʰeu¹¹/

/y⁴⁵ tʰəu¹¹/

/ɔ²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/ɔ³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³/

/ɔ²²⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/ɔ²²⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/ɔ³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/ɔ⁴¹⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/y²¹⁻¹¹ təu̯³/

/y⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯¹/

/y²¹³ tʰəu²¹/

/wuː²² tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/ʋu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ tʰeu¹¹/

/y⁴⁵ tʰəu¹¹/

/ɔ²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/ɔ³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³/

/ɔ²²⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/ɔ²²⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/ɔ³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/ɔ⁴¹⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/y²¹⁻¹¹ təu̯³/

(dialectal Mandarin, including Henan Mandarin, Yunnan Mandarin, Tong'an Hokkien) potato


阿娘

/ˀä⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/a²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/aː³³ nœːŋ²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niã²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²³/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nie⁵⁵/

/a³³⁻²³ nio⁵⁵/

/a⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/aʔ³³ n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/a²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/aː³³ nœːŋ²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niã²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²³/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nie⁵⁵/

/a³³⁻²³ nio⁵⁵/

/a⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/aʔ³³ n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nia⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nia⁵⁵/

† - father's elder sister; ‡ - father's younger sister; § - married; ≠ - unmarried; ¶ - face-to-face; ∅ - non-face-to-face

§ - married; > - mother's elder sister; < - mother's younger sister

(Yunnan Mandarin, Wenzhounese) maternal aunt (mother's sister)


大頭魚

/tä⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ y³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰɐu̯²¹ jyː²²⁻³⁵/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² tʰau²⁴⁻²² hɯ²⁴/

/tä⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ y³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰɐu̯²¹ jyː²²⁻³⁵/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² tʰau²⁴⁻²² hɯ²⁴/

(Yunnan Mandarin, Guangxi Yue, Quanzhou Hokkien) tadpole (toad or frog larva)