喳

Misinterpreted from Manchu ᠵᡝ (je). Compare Mongolian ᠵᠠ (ǰa) (Cyrillic spelling за (za)).

(chiefly in historical novels, movies or dramas, proscribed) yes (when responding to the emperor or a Manchu official in the Qing dynasty)


朕

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (朕):
* → Japanese: 朕(ちん) (chin)
* → Korean: 짐(朕) (jim)
* → Vietnamese: trẫm (朕)

Characters in the same phonetic series (朕) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Simplified from 𦩎 (舟 → 月 and 灷 → 关), corruption of an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 舟 (“boat”) + 丨 (“item”) + 廾 (“two hands”), seen in the oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions, originally meaning “to mend a boat”. It was later borrowed phonetically to be used as an honorific first-person pronoun.

Han compound

used without 的; GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

On no account disbelieve me - I will not go back on my word.

The Book of Documents, circa 4ᵗʰ – 3ʳᵈ century BCE

爾無不信，朕不食言。

尔无不信，朕不食言。

We ourselves shall be called First Emperor, and successive generations shall be numbered consecutively: Second, Third, and so on until for 1,000 or 10,000 generations, the succession passing down without end.

The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

Zhèn wèi Shǐhuángdì. Hòushì yǐ jìshù, èrshì sānshì zhìyú wànshì, chuán zhī wúqióng.

朕為始皇帝。後世以計數，二世三世至于萬世，傳之無窮。

朕为始皇帝。后世以计数，二世三世至于万世，传之无穷。

Qin Er Shi discussed with Zhao Gao, "I am young and just ascended the throne. The mass has not submitted to my rule."

Èrshì yǔ Zhào Gāo móu yuē: “Zhèn niánshào, chū jíwèi, qiánshǒu wèi jífù.”

二世與趙高謀曰：「朕年少，初即位，黔首未集附。」

二世与赵高谋曰：「朕年少，初即位，黔首未集附。」

King Wen of Wei asked,"I conform to the wish of Heaven and become the emperor. Why are you unhappy?"

Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE

Dì wèn yuē: “Zhèn yìngtiānshòumìng, qīng héyǐ bù yuè?”

帝問曰：「朕應天受命，卿何以不樂？」

帝问曰：「朕应天受命，卿何以不乐？」

(imperial) I; my (similar to the royal we; reserved for use by the emperor since the Qin Dynasty)


王

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (王):
* → Japanese: 王(おう) (ō)
* → Okinawan: 王(をー) (wō)
* → Korean: 왕(王) (wang)
* → Vietnamese: vương (王)

desc

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠸᠠᠩ (wang) (via Mandarin)

Mongolian:

Mongolian script: ᠸᠠᠩ (wang)

Cyrillic script: ван (van)

→ Buryat: ван (van)

→ English: Wang (via Mandarin), Wong (via Cantonese), Ong (via Hokkien), Heng (via Teochew)

→ Iu Mien: hungh

→ Manchu: ᠸᠠᠩ (wang) (via Mandarin)

→ Middle Mongol: (via Early Mandarin)

Uigurjin script: ᠣᠩ (ʾwnk /oŋ/)

→ Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽺𐽷 (oŋ) (via Early Mandarin), 𐽳𐽰𐽺𐽷 (wʾnk /waŋ/) (via Early Mandarin)

→ Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (öŋ)

→ Tagalog: Ong (via Hokkien), Wong (via Cantonese), Wang (via Mandarin)

→ Thai: อ๋อง (ɔ̌ng) (via Hokkien)

→ Zhuang: vuengz

Chinese bronze inscriptions
Konyak languages
Zhou dynasty

Characters in the same phonetic series (王) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) of a ritual axe made perhaps of jade, symbols of the king's power. A ceremonial axe was kept near the throne, and was used for performing rituals in ancient China.
The traditional interpretation (most likely a folk etymology given the original appearance of the character) is that the character metaphorically indicates the king or emperor according to the ancient Chinese thought: three horizontal strokes represent Heaven, Man and Earth, and the vertical stroke is the king or emperor, the one who connects them together. However, compare 天 (tiān) (a man with a horizontal stroke above his head to indicate the sky).
Unrelated to 玉 (yù, “a string with three pieces of jade”) and 主 (“master”); partly related to 士 (a war axe and, perhaps, sometimes a variant of 王), to 戉 (an axe drawn vertically), to the inner component of 匡 (kuāng, “square‑shaped bamboo basket”), and to the right component of 往 (< 𢓸).
Uncertain. There are many proposed etymologies:
* Sagart and Baxter (2009) compare it to Tibetan གོང་མ (gong ma, “superior one”).
* Schuessler (2007) compares it to Tibetan དབང (dbang, “strength, power”) and Burmese အန် (an, “strength, power”), which derive from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-baŋ (“strength, power”). However, reconstructing the Old Chinese as *waŋ, he notes the mismatch between Old Chinese *w- vs. Tibetan *b- (unless *dw- can become db-; for possible *b- ~ * w- variation, see 花). He also compares it to Proto-Northern Naga *waŋ (“chief”).
* Schuessler (2007) alternatively proposes a connection to Old Khmer vāṅ, vaṅ (modern Khmer វាំង (veăng), “royal palace”), which he considers to be cognate with Khmer ហ្លួង (hluŏng, “king”). This is perhaps supported by a bronze inscription where 王 refers to a place, not the Zhou king (Shaughnessy, 1991). The semantic shift from "palace" to "king" parallels Egyptian pr-ꜥꜣ (“pharaoh”, literally “palace”), from pr (“house”) + ꜥꜣ (“great, big”). The connection to the Old Khmer word would thus relate it to Proto-Mon-Khmer *waŋ ~ *waaŋ (“enclosure; to go round”), which is part of a larger Austroasiatic word family, including 營 (OC *ɢʷeŋ) and 環 (OC *ɡʷraːn). Bodman (1980) connects 王 with 皇 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “sovereign”), which Schuessler (2007) connects to this word family.
* Speculations exist about its connection to 尪 (OC *qʷaːŋ, “lame, crippled”) and 狂 (OC *ɡʷaŋ, “mad”), based on theories about the connection between ancient Chinese kingship and shamanism (Keightley, 1995).

cog

國王

国王

周成王

這位男孩被擁立為王。

这位男孩被拥立为王。


詔

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (詔):
* → Japanese: 詔(しょう) (shō)
* → Korean: 조(詔) (jo)
* → Vietnamese: chiếu (詔)

→ Manchu: ᠵᠣᠣ (joo)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *tjews): semantic 言 (“word; speech”) + phonetic 召 (OC *dews, *djews)
Perhaps related to 召 (OC *dews, *djews, “to call; to summon”) (Schuessler, 2007).


龍

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (龍):
* → Japanese: 竜(りゅう) (ryū)
* → Korean: 룡>용(龍) (ryong>yong)
* → Vietnamese: long (龍)

→ Indonesian: liong

desctree

→ Proto-Vietic: *-roːŋ
Tho:
Cuoi Cham: ʐoŋ²
Lang Lo: ʐoŋ²
Viet-Muong:
Muong: rồng
Middle Vietnamese: 蠬 (ròu᷄), 𧏵 (ròu᷄)
Vietnamese: rồng

→ Old Turkic: 𐰠𐰇 (lü)

→ Middle Mongol: ᠯᠤᠤ (luu)

Classical Mongolian: ᠯᠤᠤ (luu)

Mongolian: ᠯᠤᠤ /луу (luu)

→ Zhuang: lungz

Old Turkic language
Proto-Hmong-Mien language
Proto-Vietic language
Turkish language
Vietnamese language
White Hmong language

Characters in the same phonetic series (龍) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – originally a serpent with prominent whiskered mouth and eyes.
Current form developed in large seal script, with serpent’s body on right (tail at upper right, legs on right), whiskered/fanged mouth at lower left, and eyes/crown at upper left. Left side was subsequently simplified and abstracted, with some influence of 立 and ⺼/月. Note that 竜 existed as a traditional variant dating back to large seal script, and figures a dragon seen face-on, rather than curled around.
Compare 𦝠 (luó), which represents a particular kind of dragon.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-bru(ŋ/k) (“dragon; thunder”). Cognate with Tibetan འབྲུག ('brug, “dragon; thunder”). The STEDT database also lists 隆 (OC *ɡ·ruːŋ, “thunder; sound of thunder”) and 雹 (OC *bruːɡ, “hail”) as cognates. Also compare 靐 (OC *brɯŋs, “sound of thunder”) and 霹靂 (OC *pʰeːɡ reːɡ, “thunder”).
This word is found in many languages of the region. Compare Proto-Hmong-Mien *-roŋ (“dragon”) (White Hmong zaj), Proto-Vietic *-roːŋ (“dragon”) (Vietnamese rồng), Vietnamese thuồng luồng (“serpent-like monster”), Khmer រោង (roong, “year of the dragon”), Thai มะโรง (má-roong, “dragon; year of the dragon”), Lao ມະໂລງ (ma lōng, “year of the dragon”), perhaps also Old Turkic [script needed]|[Term?] (*-lan, suffix denoting a wild, predatory animal) (Turkish aslan (“lion”), kaplan (“tiger”), yılan (“snake”)).

cog-lite

龙
㡣
䮾
䰱
竜
龒
𠉒
𠊋
𢀀
𢄫
𢅛
𥪐
𥪑
𥪖
𥪢
𥫆
𥫈
𦱉
𦱸

排長龍

排长龙

(figurative) queue; line (Classifier: 條／条 c)


中央

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ oŋ²⁴/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯oŋ²⁴/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ oŋ²⁴/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯oŋ²⁴/

/tuŋ⁵³ oŋ⁵³/

/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ ʒoŋ⁵³/

/tɔŋ³³ ɔŋ⁵⁴/

doeng¹ yorng¹ [Phonetic:doeng⁵ ngyorng¹]

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋyɒŋ⁵³³/

dyoeng¹ yoeng¹ [Phonetic:dyoeng⁵ ngyoeng¹]

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ŋ̍³³/

/tiɔŋ³³ ŋ̍³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ŋ̍⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋ̍⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ iɔŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iaŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪŋ⁴⁴/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ iaŋ³³/

/tã³³⁻²³ ŋ³³/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ iã²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ oŋ²⁴/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯oŋ²⁴/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ oŋ²⁴/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯oŋ²⁴/

/tuŋ⁵³ oŋ⁵³/

/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ ʒoŋ⁵³/

/tɔŋ³³ ɔŋ⁵⁴/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋyɒŋ⁵³³/

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ŋ̍³³/

/tiɔŋ³³ ŋ̍³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ŋ̍⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋ̍⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ iɔŋ³³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iaŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɪŋ⁴⁴/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ iaŋ³³/

/tã³³⁻²³ ŋ³³/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ iã²¹/

to make irresponsible remarks about the imperial or central government

妄議中央

妄议中央


早朝

/t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sou̯³⁵ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sou̯³⁵ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

They lamented that the spring nights were all too short, and did not rise until long after the sun had come out; From this point on, His Majesty did not attend the morning court.

806 CE, Bai Juyi, Song of Everlasting Regret

Chūn xiāo kǔ duǎn rì gāo qǐ, cóngcǐ jūnwáng bù zǎocháo.

春宵苦短日高起，從此君王不早朝。

春宵苦短日高起，从此君王不早朝。

(archaic) morning court (when the emperor meets with his subjects)


王國

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (王國):
* → Japanese: 王国(おうこく) (ōkoku)
* → Korean: 왕국(王國) (wangguk)
* → Vietnamese: vương quốc (王國)

→ Zhuang: vangzgoz, vuengzguek

/wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/uaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kok̚²/

/ɦuɑ̃²² koʔ⁴⁴/

/*ɢʷaŋ kʷɯːɡ/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/uaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kok̚²/

/ɦuɑ̃²² koʔ⁴⁴/

/*ɢʷaŋ kʷɯːɡ/


國家

Sino-Xenic (國家):
* → Japanese: 国(こっ)家(か) (kokka)
* → Korean: 국가(國家) (gukga)
* → Vietnamese: quốc gia (國家)

→ Vietnamese: nhà nước (calque)

→ Zhuang: guekgya

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ kaː⁵⁵/

/kɔk̚⁵⁵ ka³³/

/kuoʔ²⁴⁻²¹ ka⁵⁵/

/kɒʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ ka⁵³³/

/kɒʔ²⁻⁴ ka⁵⁴⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ka³³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kɛ⁴⁴/

/koʔ³³ t͡ɕia⁴⁴/

/koʔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕia⁴⁴/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ kaː⁵⁵/

/kɔk̚⁵⁵ ka³³/

/kuoʔ²⁴⁻²¹ ka⁵⁵/

/kɒʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ ka⁵³³/

/kɒʔ²⁻⁴ ka⁵⁴⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ ka³³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kɛ⁴⁴/

/koʔ³³ t͡ɕia⁴⁴/

/koʔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕia⁴⁴/

In ancient China, the fief of a 諸侯／诸侯 (zhūhóu) was known as a 國／国 (guó), while the fief of a 大夫 (dàfū) was known as a 家 (jiā). The two characters are also attestable in pre-Qin texts when used together with the meaning of "country; nation; state".

zh-l

諸侯／诸侯 (zhūhóu)

(Classical) royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government


天命

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/

/tʰiæ̃²⁴ miŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²²/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ min⁵⁵/

/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ miŋ¹¹/

/tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ miŋ²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/

/tʰiɛn³³ biɪŋ⁴¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ miŋ⁵¹/

/tʰiæ̃²⁴ miŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²²/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ min⁵⁵/

/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ miŋ¹¹/

/tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ miŋ²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/

/tʰiɛn³³ biɪŋ⁴¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²²/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ³³/

Attested earliest on Zhou dynasty's bronze inscriptions, though during the Western Zhou period, the concept was not exactly worded as 天命 (tiānmìng) but 大令 (dàlìng), 大命 (dàmìng), 魯令 (lǔlìng) & 天令 (tiānlìng) (however, 令 (lìng) and 命 (mìng) were indeed used interchangeably). Goldin (2017) links Zhou's concept 天命 (tiānmìng) to Shang's concept 帝令 (dìlìng) "the Deity's command" attested in the Shang's oracle bones.
For the era name, see also Manchu ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ
ᡶᡠᠯᡳᠩᡤᠠ (abkai fulingga).

m+

ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᡶᡠᠯᡳᠩᡤᠠ

(historical) the Tianming era (a Chinese era name; the era of Nurhaci as khan of the Later Jin, from the proclamation of the dynasty in 1616 until 1627)


聖誕

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tän⁵¹/

/sɪŋ³³ taːn³³/

/siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɑŋ²¹³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tan²¹/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tan¹¹/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tan⁴¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tan²¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tan²²/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tän⁵¹/

/sɪŋ³³ taːn³³/

/siŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɑŋ²¹³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ tan²¹/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ tan¹¹/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tan⁴¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tan²¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ tan²²/


王子

ja-r

王子(おうじ) (ōji)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (王子):
* → Japanese: 王子(おうじ) (ōji)
* → Korean: 왕자(王子) (wangja)
* → Vietnamese: vương tử (王子)

/wɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/vɔŋ²² tu⁵⁵/

/voŋ¹¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/wɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/vɔŋ²² tu⁵⁵/

/voŋ¹¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/


太子

Sino-Xenic (太子):
* → Japanese: 太(たい)子(し) (taishi)
* → Korean: 태자(太子) (taeja)
* → Vietnamese: thái tử (太子)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ (tayiǰi)

→ Buryat: тайжа (tajža)

→ Manchu: ᡨᠠᡳᠵᡳ (taiji)

→ Chinese: 台吉 (táijí)

Mongolian: тайж (tajž)

→ Written Oirat: ᡐᠠᡕᡅᠴᡅ (tayiji)

→ Chagatai:

Kalmyk: тәәҗ (tääj)

→ Classical Tibetan: ཐའི་ཇི (tha'i ji)

Tibetan: ཐའི་ཇི (tha'i ji)

→ Tuvan: тайжы (tayjı)

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːi̯³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɯ⁵²⁻²¹/

/tʰa³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰaːi̯³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɯ⁵²⁻²¹/

/tʰa³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/


王冠

/wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kuːn⁵⁵/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kuan³³/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kuan⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kuːn⁵⁵/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kuan³³/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kuan⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/

crown (the headdress of a king or queen)


元年

/ɥɛn³⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴/

/ɡuan¹³⁻²² nĩ¹³/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴/

/ɡuan²³⁻³³ nĩ²³/

/ɥɛn³⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴/

/ɡuan¹³⁻²² nĩ¹³/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴/

/ɡuan²³⁻³³ nĩ²³/


大臣

Sino-Xenic (大臣):
* → Japanese: 大臣(だいじん) (daijin); 大臣(たいしん) (taishin)
* → Vietnamese: đại thần (大臣)

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɐn²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ sɨn¹¹/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɐn²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ sɨn¹¹/

(for non-monarchies)

minister (of an imperial regime, cabinet, etc.); high-level official (of a monarchy); secretary; chancellor


皇帝

Sino-Xenic (皇帝):
* → Japanese: 皇(こう)帝(てい) (kōtei)
* → Korean: 황제(皇帝) (hwangje)
* → Vietnamese: hoàng đế (皇帝)

→ Amis: hongti (via Hokkien)

desc

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠩᠳᠢ (quwangdi), ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠩᠳᠠᠢ (quwangdai) (via Mandarin)

Mongolian:

Mongolian script: ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠩᠳᠢ (quwangdi)

Cyrillic script: хуанди (xuandi)

→ Buryat: хуандии (xuandii)

→ Khitan: 皇帝 (via Middle Chinese)

→ Manchu: ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ (hūwangdi) (via Mandarin)

→ Sakizaya: hungti (via Hokkien)

→ Thai: ฮ่องเต้ (hɔ̂ng-dtêe) (via Hokkien)

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/xuɑŋ²⁴ ti²⁴/

/wɔːŋ²¹ tɐi̯³³/

/vɔŋ²² ai³³/

/foŋ¹¹ tʰi⁵⁵/

/huoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɑ²¹³/

/hɒŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾ne⁴²/

/hɒŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾ne⁴²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² te²¹/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² te⁴¹/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² te²¹/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ te¹¹/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ te²¹/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ti²¹³/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ti⁴⁴/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/xuɑŋ²⁴ ti²⁴/

/wɔːŋ²¹ tɐi̯³³/

/vɔŋ²² ai³³/

/foŋ¹¹ tʰi⁵⁵/

/huoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɑ²¹³/

/hɒŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾ne⁴²/

/hɒŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾ne⁴²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² te²¹/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² te⁴¹/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² te²¹/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ te¹¹/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ te²¹/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ti²¹³/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ti⁴⁴/

Qin Shi Huang
Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors

After a series of conquests ending in 221 BCE, created as a title for King Zheng of Qin, who was styled Qin Shi Huangdi (literally “the First Emperor of the Qin dynasty”). The two component characters were originally the titles of the mythological rulers or deities known as the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors (三皇五帝 (Sānhuáng Wǔdì)).

輔佐皇帝／辅佐皇帝

emperor (any monarch ruling an empire, irrespective of gender)


帝王

/ti⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/tɐi̯³³ wɔːŋ²¹/

/tʰi⁵⁵ voŋ¹¹/

/te⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɒŋ²⁴/

/te²¹⁻⁵³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/te⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɔŋ²⁴/

/te²¹⁻⁵³ ɔŋ¹³/

/te¹¹⁻⁵³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/te²¹⁻⁴¹ ɔŋ²³/

/ti³³ ɦuɑ̃⁴⁴/

/ti⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/tɐi̯³³ wɔːŋ²¹/

/tʰi⁵⁵ voŋ¹¹/

/te⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɒŋ²⁴/

/te²¹⁻⁵³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/te⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɔŋ²⁴/

/te²¹⁻⁵³ ɔŋ¹³/

/te¹¹⁻⁵³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/te²¹⁻⁴¹ ɔŋ²³/

/ti³³ ɦuɑ̃⁴⁴/


帝位

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/tɐi̯³³ wɐi̯²²/

/te²¹⁻⁵³ ui²²/

/te⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ui⁴¹/

/te²¹⁻⁵³ ui²²/

/te¹¹⁻⁵³ ui³³/

/te²¹⁻⁴¹ ui³³/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/tɐi̯³³ wɐi̯²²/

/te²¹⁻⁵³ ui²²/

/te⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ui⁴¹/

/te²¹⁻⁵³ ui²²/

/te¹¹⁻⁵³ ui³³/

/te²¹⁻⁴¹ ui³³/


大王

ja-r

大王(だいおう) (daiō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (大王):
* → Japanese: 大王(だいおう) (daiō)
* → Korean: 대왕(大王) (daewang)

/tä⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² wɔːŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ voŋ¹¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ɔŋ²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ɔŋ¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ ɔŋ²³/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² wɔːŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ voŋ¹¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ɔŋ²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ɔŋ¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ ɔŋ²³/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ⁵⁵/

/taɪ̯⁵¹ wɑŋ¹/

/taɪ̯⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/taɪ̯⁵¹ wɑŋ¹/

/taɪ̯⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² wɔːŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ voŋ¹¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ɔŋ²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ ɔŋ¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ ɔŋ²³/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ uaŋ⁵⁵/

Yue said, 'It was not through any crime of mine that the king lost his kingdom, and therefore I did not dare to submit to the death (which would have been mine if I had remained in the capital). And it was not through any service of mine that he recovered his kingdom, and therefore I do not dare to count myself worthy of any reward from him.'

Tú yáng Yuè yuē: “Dàiwang shī guó, fēi chén zhī zuì, gù bùgǎn fú qí zhū; dàiwang fǎn guó, fēi chén zhī gōng, gù bùgǎn dāng qí shǎng.”

屠羊說曰：「大王失國，非臣之罪，故不敢伏其誅；大王反國，非臣之功，故不敢當其賞。」

屠羊说曰：「大王失国，非臣之罪，故不敢伏其诛；大王反国，非臣之功，故不敢当其赏。」


君王

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/kun⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/kun³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/kun⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/kun⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/kun⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/kun⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/kun³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/kun⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/kun⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/kun⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

O ruler and king, ye came and punished the offences of our poor state. If the result of the campaign be that ye now pity and forgive it, will the campaign be without its (proper) name?

The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE

Jūnwáng tǎo bìyì zhī zuì, yòu jīn ér shè zhī, shī yǔ, yǒuwú míng hū?

君王討敝邑之罪，又矜而赦之，師與，有無名乎？

君王讨敝邑之罪，又矜而赦之，师与，有无名乎？

His Majesty covered his face, for he could not save her.

君王掩面救不得

king; emperor; monarch; sovereign; His Majesty


六宮

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lʊk̚² kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lʊk̚² kʊŋ⁵⁵/

All of the powdered faces of the ladies in waiting from the six palaces paled in comparison.

六宮粉黛無顏色。

六宫粉黛无颜色。

(archaic) the buildings of the palace complex where the empress and all of the female consorts lived


即位

Sino-Xenic (即位):
* → Japanese: 即(そく)位(い) (sokui)
* → Korean: 즉위(卽位) (jeugwi)
* → Vietnamese: tức vị (即位)

/t͡ɕi³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sɪk̚⁵ wɐi̯²²/

/t͡siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ui²²/

/t͡siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ui²²/

/t͡siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ui³³/

/t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ ui⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ ui²²/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sɪk̚⁵ wɐi̯²²/

/t͡siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ui²²/

/t͡siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ui²²/

/t͡siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ui³³/

/t͡sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ ui⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ ui²²/

to take up a new post; to assume a new position


上疏

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

(historical) to submit a report to the emperor; to submit a memorial to the throne


天意

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ i⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ jiː³³/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ i⁵⁵/

/tʰĩ³³⁴ i²¹³/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ i²¹/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ i¹¹/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² i²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ i²¹/

/tʰiɛn³³ i⁴¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² i²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ i¹¹/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ i²¹³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ i⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ jiː³³/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ i⁵⁵/

/tʰĩ³³⁴ i²¹³/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ i²¹/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ i¹¹/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² i²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ i²¹/

/tʰiɛn³³ i⁴¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² i²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ i¹¹/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ i²¹³/


閣下

Sino-Xenic (閣下):
* → Japanese: 閣下(かっか) (kakka)
* → Korean: 각하(閣下) (gakha)
* → Vietnamese: các hạ (閣下)

/kɤ³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/kɔːk̚³ haː²²/

/kɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ha³³/

/ko(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ha³³/

/ko(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ha²²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ hɛ²²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ha³³/

/koʔ²⁻⁴ e³⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/kɔːk̚³ haː²²/

/kɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ha³³/

/ko(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ha³³/

/ko(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ha²²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ hɛ²²/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ ha³³/

/koʔ²⁻⁴ e³⁵/

The Book of the Later Han, circa 5ᵗʰ century CE

Shí hànshū shǐ chū, duō wèinéng tōng zhě, tóng jùn mǎ róng fú yú géxià, cóng zhāo yán 嶊.

時漢書始出，多未能通者，同郡馬融伏於閣下，從昭言嶊。

时汉书始出，多未能通者，同郡马融伏于阁下，从昭言嶊。

(archaic) at the foot of a tower or pavilion


天子

Sino-Xenic (天子):
* → Japanese: 天(てん)子(し) (tenshi)
* → Korean: 천자(天子) (cheonja)
* → Vietnamese: thiên tử (天子)

→ Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰤𐰾𐰃 (Tensi)

desc

اسمان نینک اوغلی

→ Chagatai: اسمان نینک اوغلی (calque)

ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ
ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ (tngri-yin köbegün) (calque)

→ English: Son of Heaven (calque)

→ Manchu: ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ
ᠵᡠᡳ (abkai jui) (calque)

→ Tibetan: གནམ་གྱི་བུ (gnam gyi bu) (calque)

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/tʰi̯en²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/tʰiɛn³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/tʰi̯en²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/tʰiɛn³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/tʰi⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

Attested earliest in the bronze inscriptions dated to King Kang of Zhou's reign.

He in return makes an offering to Heaven's Son

Inscription on {⿹戈冬}方鼎 Dong fangding II (Can we date this quote?), transcribed and translated by Tharsen (2015).

氒（厥）復亯（享）于天子

氒（厥）复亯（享）于天子

[They] return to see the Son of Heaven, who sits in the Hall of Brilliance.

Guī lái jiàn tiānzǐ, tiānzǐ zuò míng táng.

歸來見天子，天子坐明堂。

归来见天子，天子坐明堂。

Chinese bronze inscriptions
King Kang of Zhou


參見

/t͡sʰän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sʰam²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯en⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰam²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯an⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/

/t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/

/t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn¹¹/

/t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn²¹/

/t͡sʰän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sʰam²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯en⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰam²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯an⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/

/t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/

/t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn¹¹/

/t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn²¹/

(literary) to pay a formal visit (to a superior)


朝廷

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (朝廷):
* → Japanese: 朝廷(ちょうてい) (chōtei)
* → Korean: 조정(朝廷) (jojeong)
* → Vietnamese: triều đình (朝廷)

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ tʰɪŋ²¹/

/tiau²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ²⁴/

/tiau²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ²⁴/

/tiau¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ¹³/

/tiau²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ²⁴/

/tiau²³⁻³³ tiɪŋ²³/

/t͡sʰiou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰeŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ tʰɪŋ²¹/

/tiau²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ²⁴/

/tiau²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ²⁴/

/tiau¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ¹³/

/tiau²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ²⁴/

/tiau²³⁻³³ tiɪŋ²³/

/t͡sʰiou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰeŋ⁵⁵/

背叛朝廷


美人

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐəɻ³⁵/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lin²⁴/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lin²⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zin¹³/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zin²³/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐəɻ³⁵/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lin²⁴/

/bi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lin²⁴/

/bi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zin¹³/

/bi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zin²³/


國舅

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ kʰɐu̯¹³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵⁴ ku²²/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/kʷɔːk̚³ kʰɐu̯¹³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵⁴ ku²²/


陛下

Sino-Xenic (陛下):
* → Japanese: 陛(へい)下(か) (heika)
* → Korean: 폐하(陛下) (pyeha)
* → Vietnamese: bệ hạ (陛下)

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/pɐi̯²² haː²²/

/pi²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɑ²⁴²/

/pe³³⁻¹¹ ha³³/

/pe²²⁻²¹ ha²²/

/pe³³⁻²¹ ha³³/

/pi³⁵⁻¹¹ e³⁵/

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/pɐi̯²² haː²²/

/pi²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɑ²⁴²/

/pe³³⁻¹¹ ha³³/

/pe²²⁻²¹ ha²²/

/pe³³⁻²¹ ha³³/

/pi³⁵⁻¹¹ e³⁵/

(honorific) Your Majesty; His Majesty; Her Majesty


皇子

Sino-Xenic (皇子):
* → Japanese: 皇(おう)子(じ) (ōji); 皇(こう)子(し) (kōshi)
* → Korean: 황자(皇子) (hwangja)
* → Vietnamese: hoàng tử (皇子)

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/


太后

Sino-Xenic (太后):
* → Japanese: 太后(たいこう) (taikō)
* → Korean: 태후(太后) (taehu)
* → Vietnamese: thái hậu (太后)

→ Thai: ไทเฮา (tai-hao)

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ hɐu̯²²/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɑu²⁴²/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hio²²/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔ³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔ³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ hɔ²²/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hio³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɤ³³/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ hɐu̯²²/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɑu²⁴²/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hio²²/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔ³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔ³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ hɔ²²/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hio³³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɤ³³/

Attested earliest in Stratagems of the Warring States

The Lord of Zhou was going to Qin, and someone spoke to Zhou Zui, saying: "You could do no better than to praise the filial piety of the King of Qin, and take the opportunity to provide land to support the Queen Dowager. The King of Qin and the Queen Dowager will certainly be pleased, and this being so you will gain Qin's support. If relations improve, the Lord of Zhou will attribute the success to you. If they decline, whoever prompted him to go to Qin will certainly be blamed."

Zhanguo Ce, circa 5ᵗʰ – 3ʳᵈ centuries BCE

Zhōujūn zhī qín. Wèi Zhōu Zuì yuē: “Bùrú yù Qínwáng zhī xiào yě, yīn yǐ yìng wèi tàihòu yǎngdì. Qínwáng, tàihòu bì xǐ, shì gōng yǒu Qín yě. Jiāo shàn, Zhōujūn bì yǐwèi gōng gōng; jiāo è, quàn Zhōujūn rù Qín zhě, bì yǒuzuì yǐ.”

周君之秦。謂周最曰：「不如譽秦王之孝也，因以應為太后養地。秦王、太后必喜，是公有秦也。交善，周君必以為公功；交惡，勸周君入秦者，必有罪矣。」

周君之秦。谓周最曰：「不如誉秦王之孝也，因以应为太后养地。秦王、太后必喜，是公有秦也。交善，周君必以为公功；交恶，劝周君入秦者，必有罪矣。」

After the empress dowager of Yongle palace suddenly died, people talked about it with suspicion

Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14ᵗʰ century CE

永樂太后暴崩，眾論惑焉

永乐太后暴崩，众论惑焉

King Zhaoxiang of Qin
Queen Dowager Xuan
Stratagems of the Warring States


大統

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² tʰʊŋ³⁵/


娘娘

/ni̯ɑŋ³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³/

/nœːŋ²¹ nœːŋ²¹/

/niɒ̃¹¹ niɒ̃¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/niũ²⁴⁻¹¹ niũ²⁴/

/niũ²⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/niũ²³⁻³³ niũ²³/

/niɔ̃²⁴⁻³³ niɔ̃²⁴/

/n̠ʲiã⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/ni̯ɑŋ³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³/

/nœːŋ²¹ nœːŋ²¹/

/niɒ̃¹¹ niɒ̃¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/niũ²⁴⁻¹¹ niũ²⁴/

/niũ²⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/niũ²³⁻³³ niũ²³/

/niɔ̃²⁴⁻³³ niɔ̃²⁴/

/n̠ʲiã⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/niɒ̃⁴⁵ niɒ̃⁴⁵⁻¹¹/

/niɒ̃⁴⁵ niɒ̃⁴⁵⁻¹¹/

† - father's elder sister; ‡ - father's younger sister; § - married; ≠ - unmarried; ¶ - face-to-face; ∅ - non-face-to-face

(dialectal) father's sister; paternal aunt


傳旨

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(archaic) to deliver a decree from the emperor


降旨

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


先帝

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/

/siːn⁵⁵ tɐi̯³³/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/

/siːn⁵⁵ tɐi̯³³/


宗廟

ja-r

宗(そう)廟(びょう) (sōbyō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (宗廟):
* → Japanese: 宗(そう)廟(びょう) (sōbyō)
* → Korean: 종묘(宗廟) (jongmyo)
* → Vietnamese: tông miếu (宗廟)

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ miːu̯²²/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ miːu̯²²/

ancestral hall; family temple (for royal or noble families)


君臣

Sino-Xenic (君臣):
* → Japanese: 君臣(くんしん) (kunshin)
* → Korean: 군신(君臣) (gunsin)
* → Vietnamese: quân thần (君臣)

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ sɐn²¹/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ sɐn²¹/

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(traditional Chinese medicine) main medicine and complementary medicine


皇太后

ja-r

皇太后(こうたいごう) (kōtaigō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (皇太后):
* → Japanese: 皇太后(こうたいごう) (kōtaigō)
* → Korean: 황태후(皇太后) (hwangtaehu)
* → Vietnamese: hoàng thái hậu (皇太后)

→ Khitan: 𘭝𘲈𘰬 (*hoŋ tai heu)

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄊㄞˋ ㄏㄡˋ

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄊㄞˋ ㄏㄡˋ

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ tʰaːi̯³³ hɐu̯²²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔ³³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔ³³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɤ³³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hio³³/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hou³⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ tʰaːi̯³³ hɐu̯²²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔ³³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔ³³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɤ³³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ hio³³/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hou³⁵/

I, on behalf of the people throughout the world, [hereby] express my gratitude for the kindness of the empress dowager!

Núcái tì tiānxià bǎixìng gǎnjī huángtàihòu ēndiǎn!

奴才替天下百姓感激皇太后恩典！


登基

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ kei̯⁵⁵/

/ten²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴/

/tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁴⁴/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ kei̯⁵⁵/

/ten²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴/

/tiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁴⁴/

(intransitive) to ascend the throne; to be enthroned


萬乘

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/maːn²² sɪŋ²²/

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/maːn²² sɪŋ²²/

In the Zhou Dynasty, a system was enacted whereby the emperor would be allotted a 1,000 li plot of land, along with a fleet of 10,000 chariots (萬乘／万乘). Later on, the term 萬乘／万乘 came to refer to the emperor.


王室

Sino-Xenic (王室):
* → Japanese: 王室(おうしつ) (ōshitsu)
* → Korean: 왕실(王室) (wangsil)

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ sɐt̚⁵/

/voŋ¹¹ sɨt̚²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪk̚³²/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ sɐt̚⁵/

/voŋ¹¹ sɨt̚²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪk̚³²/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/


滅國弒君

ㄇㄧㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄕˋ ㄐㄩㄣ

ㄇㄧㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄕˋ ㄐㄩㄣ

/mi̯ɛ⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/miːt̚² kʷɔːk̚³ siː³³ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/mi̯ɛ⁵¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/miːt̚² kʷɔːk̚³ siː³³ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

(archaic) to destroy the nation and kill the ruler (emperor)


弒君

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/siː³³ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/ɬi⁴²⁻⁵⁵ kɔŋ⁵³³/

/ɬi⁴²⁻⁵⁵ kuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/si²¹⁻⁴¹ kun⁴⁴/

/si¹¹⁻⁵³ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ kun⁴⁴/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/siː³³ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/ɬi⁴²⁻⁵⁵ kɔŋ⁵³³/

/ɬi⁴²⁻⁵⁵ kuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/si²¹⁻⁴¹ kun⁴⁴/

/si¹¹⁻⁵³ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ kun⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ kun⁴⁴/

In the Spring and Autumn there were thirty-six records of regicide, fifty-two of conquered states, and countless of feudal lords who failed to prevent the loss of throne despite every effort.

“Chūnqiū” zhī zhōng, shìjūn sānshíliù, wángguó wǔshí'èr, zhūhóu bēnzǒu bùdé bǎo qí shèjì zhě bùkěshēngshù.

《春秋》之中，弒君三十六，亡國五十二，諸侯奔走不得保其社稷者不可勝數。

《春秋》之中，弑君三十六，亡国五十二，诸侯奔走不得保其社稷者不可胜数。


王座

/wɑŋ³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɔː²²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡so²²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡so⁴¹/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡so²²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡so³³/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sɤ³³/

/wɑŋ³⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɔː²²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡so²²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡so⁴¹/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡so²²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡so³³/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sɤ³³/


王女

/wɑŋ³⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


天皇誕生日

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄉㄢˋ ㄕㄥ ㄖˋ

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄉㄢˋ ㄕㄥ ㄖˋ

тяньхуан даньшэнжи

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tän⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹ taːn³³ sɐŋ⁵⁵ jɐt̚²/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tän⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹ taːn³³ sɐŋ⁵⁵ jɐt̚²/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 天皇誕生日.

obor

The Emperor's Birthday, the birthday of a Japanese emperor


傳位

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ wɐi̯²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ wɐi̯²²/

to pass on the throne to the next generation (of ruler)


九五

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐu̯³⁵ ŋ̍¹³/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐu̯³⁵ ŋ̍¹³/

The first hexagram of the I Ching (䷀) is six solid bars from bottom to top. In I Ching divination, a value of nine corresponds to a solid bar (old yang: i.e. yang changing into yin). In the I Ching commentary for the first hexagram, it notes that a value of nine in the fifth position (the second bar from the top) has the following meaning:
:
As a result of the symbolism of the wording in the commentary, this term eventually came to be associated with the emperor.

The flying dragon is in the heavens, which helps it to see a great man

飛龍在天，利見大人

飞龙在天，利见大人


傳國

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

(archaic) to pass down a national heirloom from ruler to ruler


王城

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/voŋ¹¹ saŋ¹¹/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² siã¹³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ siã²³/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/voŋ¹¹ saŋ¹¹/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² siã¹³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ siã²³/

(historical) Wangcheng (a town in Henan, China; modern Luoyang)

(～鎮) Wangcheng (a town in Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～區) Intramuros (a district of Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines)


篡位

/t͡sʰu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/saːn³³ wɐi̯²²/

/t͡sʰuan²¹⁻⁵³ ui²²/

/t͡sʰuan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ui⁴¹/

/t͡sʰuan²¹⁻⁵³ ui²²/

/t͡sʰuan¹¹⁻⁵³ ui³³/

/t͡sʰuan²¹⁻⁴¹ ui³³/

/t͡sʰu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/saːn³³ wɐi̯²²/

/t͡sʰuan²¹⁻⁵³ ui²²/

/t͡sʰuan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ui⁴¹/

/t͡sʰuan²¹⁻⁵³ ui²²/

/t͡sʰuan¹¹⁻⁵³ ui³³/

/t͡sʰuan²¹⁻⁴¹ ui³³/


元首

/ɥɛn³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyːn²¹ sɐu̯³⁵/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² siu⁵³/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² siu⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡuan¹³⁻²² siu⁵³/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ siu⁵³/

/ɡuan²³⁻³³ siu⁴¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyːn²¹ sɐu̯³⁵/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² siu⁵³/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻²² siu⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡuan¹³⁻²² siu⁵³/

/ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ siu⁵³/

/ɡuan²³⁻³³ siu⁴¹/

Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Yang di-Pertuan Agong


主上

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (主上):
* → Japanese: 主(しゅ)上(じょう) (shujō)
* → Korean: 주상(主上) (jusang)

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡syː³⁵ sœːŋ²²/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/t͡syː³⁵ sœːŋ²²/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ³³/

(archaic) Your Highness; His Majesty (the emperor or monarch)


玉輦

/y⁵¹ ni̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/y⁵¹ ni̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

玉 (yù) (jade) + 輦／辇 (niǎn) (imperial carriage)
: The emperor's carriage was supposedly inlaid with jade.


王者

ja-r

王者(おうじゃ) (ōja)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (王者):
* → Japanese: 王者(おうじゃ) (ōja)
* → Korean: 왕자(王者) (wangja)
* → Vietnamese: vương giả (王者)

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sia⁵³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sia⁵³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sia⁵³/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sia⁴¹/

/uaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sia⁵²/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɛː³⁵/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sia⁵³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sia⁵³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sia⁵³/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sia⁴¹/

/uaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sia⁵²/

Mind/Brain King (a popular gaming application)

頭腦王者

头脑王者


聖旨

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/sɨn⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡si⁴¹/

/sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡si⁵²⁻²¹/

/sən³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/sɨn⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡si⁴¹/

/sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡si⁵²⁻²¹/

/sən³³ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

(historical) imperial edict (Classifier: 道)


恩澤

/ˀən⁵⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/ˀən⁵⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

(archaic) favors bestowed by a monarch or high official to his subjects;


王朝

ja-r

王朝(おうちょう) (ōchō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (王朝):
* → Japanese: 王朝(おうちょう) (ōchō)
* → Korean: 왕조(王朝) (wangjo)
* → Vietnamese: vương triều (王朝)

→ Zhuang: vuengzciuz

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/voŋ¹¹ t͡sʰeu̯¹¹/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tiau²⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tiau²⁴/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² tiau¹³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiau²⁴/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ tiau²³/

/uaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiau⁵⁵/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/voŋ¹¹ t͡sʰeu̯¹¹/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tiau²⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tiau²⁴/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² tiau¹³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiau²⁴/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ tiau²³/

/uaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiau⁵⁵/

royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government


女王

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/nɵy̯¹³ wɔːŋ²¹/

/ŋ̍³¹ voŋ¹¹/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ²³/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ¹³/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɔŋ²⁴/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ²⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ²³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ²⁴/

/nɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ uaŋ⁵⁵/

/n̠ʲy²² ɦuɑ̃⁴⁴/

/ny²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/nɵy̯¹³ wɔːŋ²¹/

/ŋ̍³¹ voŋ¹¹/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ²³/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ¹³/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɔŋ²⁴/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ²⁴/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ²³/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔŋ²⁴/

/nɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ uaŋ⁵⁵/

/n̠ʲy²² ɦuɑ̃⁴⁴/

上帝保佑女王

Then going toward the south, one arrives at the country of Yamatai, where a Queen holds her court. [This journey] takes ten days by water and one month by land.

Chen Shou, Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 3ʳᵈ century CE

Nán zhì Yémǎyī guó, nǚwáng zhī suǒdōu, shuǐxíng shírì, lùxíng yīyuè.

南至邪馬壹國，女王之所都，水行十日，陸行一月。

南至邪马壹国，女王之所都，水行十日，陆行一月。


蘇丹

Borrowed from English Sudan, from Arabic سُودَان (sūdān).

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ tan²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ tan²⁴/

/sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/

Sudan (a country in North Africa and East Africa)


人君

/ʐən³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/jɐn²¹ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/ʐən³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/jɐn²¹ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

(literary) monarch; sovereign; king; ruler


匡君救主

ㄎㄨㄤ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄓㄨˇ

ㄎㄨㄤ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄓㄨˇ

куанцзюньцзючжу

/kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵ kɐu̯³³ t͡syː³⁵/

/hɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵ kɐu̯³³ t͡syː³⁵/

(archaic) to rescue the emperor; to save the king


鑾輿

/lu̯än³⁵ y³⁵/

/lu̯än³⁵ y³⁵/


聖駕

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/


鑾駕

/lu̯än³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/lu̯än³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/


世子

Sino-Xenic (世子):
* → Japanese: 世子(せいし) (seishi)
* → Korean: 세자(世子) (seja)
* → Vietnamese: thế tử (世子)

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯³³ t͡siː³⁵/


禪讓

Sino-Xenic (禪讓):
* → Japanese: 禅(ぜん)譲(じょう) (zenjō)
* → Korean: 선양(禪讓) (seonyang)

/ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐɑŋ⁵¹/

/siːn²² jœːŋ²²/

/siɛn⁴¹⁻²² niũ⁴¹/

/siɛn²²⁻²¹ liɔŋ²²/

/ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐɑŋ⁵¹/

/siːn²² jœːŋ²²/

/siɛn⁴¹⁻²² niũ⁴¹/

/siɛn²²⁻²¹ liɔŋ²²/

堯帝禪讓

尧帝禅让

to abdicate and hand over the crown to another person


在位

Sino-Xenic (在位):
* → Japanese: 在(ざい)位(い) (zaī)
* → Korean: 재위(在位) (jaewi)

/t͡saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sɔːi̯²² wɐi̯²²/

/t͡sʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ʋi⁵³/

/t͡sai²²⁻²¹ ui²²/

/t͡sai³³⁻²¹ ui³³/

/t͡sai³³⁻¹¹ ui³³/

/to³⁵⁻¹¹ ui¹¹/

/t͡saɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sɔːi̯²² wɐi̯²²/

/t͡sʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ʋi⁵³/

/t͡sai²²⁻²¹ ui²²/

/t͡sai³³⁻²¹ ui³³/

/t͡sai³³⁻¹¹ ui³³/

/to³⁵⁻¹¹ ui¹¹/


御札

/y⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂä³⁵/

/y⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂä³⁵/

(literary, archaic) imperial instruction; imperial order


王位

/wɑŋ³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ wɐi̯²²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ui²²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ui⁴¹/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² ui²²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ui³³/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ ui³³/

/wɑŋ³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ wɐi̯²²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ui²²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ui⁴¹/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² ui²²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ui³³/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ ui³³/


上賓

Sino-Xenic (上賓):
* → Korean: 상빈(上賓) (sangbin)

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ pin⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²² pɐn⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ pin⁴⁴/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ pin⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²² pɐn⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ pin⁴⁴/

distinguished guest; the guest of honour


君主制

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ t͡sɐi̯³³/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ t͡sɐi̯³³/

monarchy (form of government with a hereditary head of state)


皇辟

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ pi⁵¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ pi⁵¹/


皇室

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ sɐt̚⁵/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚⁵/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪk̚³²/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ sɐt̚⁵/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚⁵/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪk̚³²/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/


公家

Sino-Xenic (公家):
* → Japanese: 公家(くげ) (kuge); 公家(こうか) (kōka)

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯ä²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ka²⁴/

/kɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋa⁵³³/

/kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋa⁵⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ ka³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ ke³³/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯ä²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/

/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ka²⁴/

/kɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋa⁵³³/

/kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋa⁵⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ ka³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ ke³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/


親王

Sino-Xenic (親王):
* → Japanese: 親(しん)王(のう) (shinnō)
* → Korean: 친왕(親王) (chinwang)
* → Vietnamese: thân vương (親王)

→ Mongolian: чин ван (čin van)

→ Manchu: ᠴᡳᠨ
ᠸᠠᠩ (cin wang)

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰin³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰin³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/


君主

Sino-Xenic (君主):
* → Japanese: 君(くん)主(しゅ) (kunshu)
* → Korean: 군주(君主) (gunju)
* → Vietnamese: quân chủ (君主)

→ Zhuang: ginhcuj

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵/

/kuŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ t͡suo³³/

/kɔŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ t͡sy⁴⁵³/

/kuoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ t͡sy³³²/

/kun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/kun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/kun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/kun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/kuŋ³³⁻²³ t͡su⁵²/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵/

/kuŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ t͡suo³³/

/kɔŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ t͡sy⁴⁵³/

/kuoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ t͡sy³³²/

/kun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/kun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/

/kun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/

/kun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/

/kuŋ³³⁻²³ t͡su⁵²/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

The Prince (a political treatise by Niccolò Machiavelli)

《君主論》

《君主论》

The extraordinary wealth of ministers leads to the downfall of the ruler.

Han Feizi, circa 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on W. K. Liao's version

群臣之太富，君主之敗也。

群臣之太富，君主之败也。

The heart is the official [/ organ] that acts as ruler and monarch; spirit brilliance originates in it.

Huangdi Neijing, 4ᵗʰ century BCE to 3ʳᵈ century CE

Xīn zhě, jūnzhǔ zhī guān yě, shénmíng chū yān.

心者，君主之官也，神明出焉。


王妃

/wɑŋ³⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ fei̯⁵⁵/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hui³³/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hui⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/

/wɑŋ³⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ fei̯⁵⁵/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hui³³/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hui⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/


皇太子

Sino-Xenic (皇太子):
* → Japanese: 皇太子(こうたいし) (kōtaishi)
* → Korean: 황태자(皇太子) (hwangtaeja)
* → Vietnamese: hoàng thái tử (皇太子)

→ Mongolian: хунтайж (xuntajž)

→ Kalmyk: хунтәҗ (xuntäj)

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ tʰaːi̯³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/foŋ¹¹ tʰai̯⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɯ⁵²⁻²¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ tʰaːi̯³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/foŋ¹¹ tʰai̯⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ t͡su⁵³/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɯ⁵²⁻²¹/


皇族

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sɔk̚⁴/


王家

/wɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/wɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

王家風範

王家风范


王族

Sino-Xenic (王族):
* → Japanese: 王族(おうぞく) (ōzoku)
* → Korean: 왕족(王族) (wangjok)

/wɑŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/

/wɑŋ³⁵ t͡su³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʊk̚²/


皇儲

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʰyː¹³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰu²⁴/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰu²⁴/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² tʰu¹³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰu²⁴/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ tʰu²³/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʰyː¹³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰu²⁴/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰu²⁴/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² tʰu¹³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰu²⁴/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ tʰu²³/


明王

ja-r

明王(みょうおう) (myōō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (明王):
* → Japanese: 明王(みょうおう) (myōō)
* → Korean: 명왕(明王) (myeong'wang)

/miŋ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/biɪŋ¹³⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴/

/biɪŋ²³⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/miŋ³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/biɪŋ¹³⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ɔŋ²⁴/

/biɪŋ²³⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

From a calque of Sanskrit विद्याराज (vidyārāja, “knowledge king”).

calque

(literary, honorific) enlightened sage (referring to the monarch)


宗室

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (宗室):
* → Japanese: 宗室(そうしつ) (sōshitsu)
* → Korean: 종실(宗室) (jongsil)
* → Vietnamese: tông thất (宗室)

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐt̚⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐt̚⁵/

(historical) member of the imperial clan; clansman


法老

/fä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ l̃o³³/

/haʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ lɒ⁴⁵³/

/haʔ²⁻⁴ lɒ³³²/

/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ lo⁵⁵⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ lɤ⁴¹/

/faʔ³³ lɔ⁴⁴/

/fä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/huaʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ l̃o³³/

/haʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ lɒ⁴⁵³/

/haʔ²⁻⁴ lɒ³³²/

/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ lo⁵⁵⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ lɤ⁴¹/

/faʔ³³ lɔ⁴⁴/

Phono-semantic matching of Ancient Greek Φαραώ (Pharaṓ), from Biblical Hebrew פַּרְעֹה (parʿōh), from Egyptian pr:aA (pr-ꜥꜣ, “palace, pharaoh”).

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">pr-ꜥꜣ</i>

pharaoh (supreme ruler of ancient Egypt)


年號

/ni̯ɛn³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/nˡieŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋɔ²⁴²/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² ho²²/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² ho⁴¹/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² ho²²/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ ho³³/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ hɤ³³/

/ni⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ho¹¹/

/ni̯ɛn³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/nˡieŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋɔ²⁴²/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² ho²²/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² ho⁴¹/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² ho²²/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ ho³³/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ hɤ³³/

/ni⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ho¹¹/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ kɤ³³/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² ko²²/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² ko²²/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko³³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² ko²²/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁴⁴/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ kɤ³³/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² ko²²/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² ko²²/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko³³/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² ko²²/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁴⁴/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

era name (subdivision in the reign of an emperor); regnal period; regnal year


奏章

/t͡soʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯³³ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡so⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡siɔŋ³³/

/t͡sau²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sau²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡soʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯³³ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡so⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡siɔŋ³³/

/t͡sau²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sau²¹⁻⁵³ t͡siaŋ⁴⁴/

(historical) report to the Emperor; memorial to the throne


皇家

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵/


太皇太后

ㄊㄞˋ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄊㄞˋ ㄏㄡˋ

ㄊㄞˋ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄊㄞˋ ㄏㄡˋ

тай хуан тайхоу

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/


朝代

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (朝代):
* → Vietnamese: triều đại (朝代)

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ tɔːi̯²²/

/t͡sʰeu̯¹¹ tʰoi̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ʃʰau⁵⁵ tʰoi³³/

/tiau²⁴⁻²² tə⁴¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ tɔːi̯²²/

/t͡sʰeu̯¹¹ tʰoi̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ʃʰau⁵⁵ tʰoi³³/

/tiau²⁴⁻²² tə⁴¹/


稱帝

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐi̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐi̯³³/


皇上

Sino-Xenic (皇上):
* → Korean: 황상(皇上) (hwangsang)
* → Vietnamese: hoàng thượng (皇上)

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂɑŋ³/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/xuɑŋ²⁴ ʂɑŋ⁴⁴/

/wɔːŋ²¹ sœːŋ²²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔŋ³³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁴¹/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² siaŋ²²/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂɑŋ³/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/xuɑŋ²⁴ ʂɑŋ⁴⁴/

/wɔːŋ²¹ sœːŋ²²/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔŋ³³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁴¹/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² siaŋ²²/


帝制

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tɐi̯³³ t͡sɐi̯³³/

/te²¹⁻⁵³ t͡se²¹/

/te⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡se⁴¹/

/te²¹⁻⁵³ t͡se²¹/

/te¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡se¹¹/

/te²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡se²¹/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/tɐi̯³³ t͡sɐi̯³³/

/te²¹⁻⁵³ t͡se²¹/

/te⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡se⁴¹/

/te²¹⁻⁵³ t͡se²¹/

/te¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡se¹¹/

/te²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡se²¹/


寶座

Sino-Xenic (寶座):
* → Korean: 보좌(寶座) (bojwa)
* → Vietnamese: bảo toà (寶座)

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/pou̯³⁵ t͡sɔː²²/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡so³³/

/pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɤ³³/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡so²²/

/po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡so²²/

/po⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡so¹¹/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/pou̯³⁵ t͡sɔː²²/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡so³³/

/pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɤ³³/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡so²²/

/po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡so²²/

/po⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡so¹¹/

2001, “讚美耶和華 [Praise the Lord]”, in 游智婷 [Sandy Yu], transl., 陳世恒 [Sean Chen] (lyrics), 陳世恒 [Sean Chen] (music), 祢是信實的上帝:

You are my King, the Lord of all, I bow down, worship at Your throne. [official translation]
The Lord of lords, the King of kings, I bow down before Your throne. [literal translation]

Bān Kun ê Kun Bān Ông ê Ông, góa phak--lo̍h tī Lí pó-chō chêng.

萬君的君萬王的王，我俯落在祢寶座前。

万君的君万王的王，我俯落在祢宝座前。

(literally) throne (of a monarch or deity)


御座

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/


皇位

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ wɐi̯²²/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ wɐi̯²²/


王后

/wɑŋ³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ hɐu̯²²/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔ³³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ³³/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔ²²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hio²²/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ hiɤ³³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hio³³/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ɦɤ⁴⁴/

/wɑŋ³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ hɐu̯²²/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔ³³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ³³/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔ²²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hio²²/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ hiɤ³³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hio³³/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ɦɤ⁴⁴/


大聖

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² sɪŋ³³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ²¹/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ⁴¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ²¹/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ¹¹/

/tai³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ²¹/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² sɪŋ³³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ²¹/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² siɪŋ⁴¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siɪŋ²¹/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ siɪŋ¹¹/

/tai³³⁻²¹ siɪŋ²¹/


權杖

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/kʰyːn²¹ t͡sœːŋ²²/

/kʰi̯en¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ³¹/

/kʰi̯an¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ³¹/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/kʰyːn²¹ t͡sœːŋ²²/

/kʰi̯en¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ³¹/

/kʰi̯an¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ³¹/


王權

/wɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kʰyːn²¹/

/wɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kʰyːn²¹/


君主立憲制

ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄨˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ

ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄨˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄓˋ

цзюньчжу лисяньчжи

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ laːp̚² hiːn³³ t͡sɐi̯³³/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ laːp̚² hiːn³³ t͡sɐi̯³³/

constitutional monarchy
constitutional monarchy


駕崩

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹ pɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kaː³³ pɐŋ⁵⁵/

/ka²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹ pɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kaː³³ pɐŋ⁵⁵/

/ka²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ⁴⁴/

(euphemistic) to die (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)

被難

to be killed in a disaster, political incident


朝見

Sino-Xenic (朝見):
* → Vietnamese: triều kiến (朝見)

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ kiːn³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ kiːn³³/

(literary, politics) to have an audience (with a monarch, head of state, etc.)


繼位

/t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/kɐi̯³³ wɐi̯²²/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/kɐi̯³³ wɐi̯²²/

(by extension) to succeed somebody in a post


列王

/li̯ɛ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/liːt̚² wɔːŋ²¹/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ɔŋ²⁴/

/liɛt̚²⁴⁻² ɔŋ²⁴/

/liɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɔŋ¹³/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ɔŋ²⁴/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ɔŋ²³/

/li̯ɛ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/liːt̚² wɔːŋ²¹/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ɔŋ²⁴/

/liɛt̚²⁴⁻² ɔŋ²⁴/

/liɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɔŋ¹³/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ɔŋ²⁴/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² ɔŋ²³/

And I have also given thee that which thou hast not asked, both riches, and honour: so that there shall not be any among the kings like unto thee all thy days.

新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 列王紀上 (1 Kings) 3:13

Nǐ suǒ méiyǒu qiú de, wǒ yě cì gěi nǐ, jiùshì fùzú, zūnróng, shǐ nǐ zàishì de rìzǐ, lièwáng zhōng méiyǒu yīge néng bǐ nǐ de.

你所沒有求的，我也賜給你，就是富足、尊榮，使你在世的日子，列王中沒有一個能比你的。

你所没有求的，我也赐给你，就是富足、尊荣，使你在世的日子，列王中没有一个能比你的。


國君

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kun⁴⁴/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ kun³³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kun⁴⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kun⁴⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kun⁴⁴/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kun⁴⁴/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ kun³³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kun⁴⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kun⁴⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kun⁴⁴/

The people treat as exemplary even a commoner who does something excellent. How much more so the ruler of a domain?

Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translation from Zuozhuan: Commentary on the "Spring and Autumn Annals" (2017), by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li and David Schaberg

Pǐfū wèi shàn, mín yóu zé zhī, kuàng guójūn hū?

匹夫為善，民猶則之，況國君乎？

匹夫为善，民犹则之，况国君乎？

No one has ever yet fulfilled his ambitions while lacking the people’s support. That is why the ruler of a domain settles and comforts his people.

Wú mín ér néng chěng qí zhì zhě, wèi zhī yǒu yě; guójūn shìyǐ zhènfǔ qí mín.

無民而能逞其志者，未之有也；國君是以鎮撫其民。

无民而能逞其志者，未之有也；国君是以镇抚其民。


太上皇

ㄊㄞˋ ㄕㄤˋ ㄏㄨㄤˊ

ㄊㄞˋ ㄕㄤˋ ㄏㄨㄤˊ

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ sœːŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ¹³/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɔŋ²³/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ sœːŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ¹³/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ siɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hɔŋ²³/

(historical) reigning emperor's father, especially one who abdicated in favour of his son, retired emperor


國本

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːk̚³ puːn³⁵/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pun⁵³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ pun⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ pun⁵³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pun⁵³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pun⁴¹/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːk̚³ puːn³⁵/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pun⁵³/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ pun⁵⁵⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ pun⁵³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pun⁵³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pun⁴¹/


篡奪

/t͡sʰu̯än⁵¹ tu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sʰuan²¹⁻⁵³ tuat̚¹²¹/

/t͡sʰuan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tuat̚²⁴/

/t͡sʰu̯än⁵¹ tu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡sʰuan²¹⁻⁵³ tuat̚¹²¹/

/t͡sʰuan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tuat̚²⁴/


龍袞

/lʊŋ³⁵ ku̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ²¹ kʷɐn³⁵/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ku̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ²¹ kʷɐn³⁵/


龍馭上賓

ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄩˋ ㄕㄤˋ ㄅㄧㄣ

ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄩˋ ㄕㄤˋ ㄅㄧㄣ

лунъюйшанбинь

/lʊŋ³⁵ y⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ pin⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ jyː²² sœːŋ²² pɐn⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ³⁵ y⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹ pin⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ jyː²² sœːŋ²² pɐn⁵⁵/

(euphemistic) The emperor has passed away.


人主

/ʐən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵/

/ʐən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐn²¹ t͡syː³⁵/


上皇

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/sœːŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/sœːŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹/

(archaic, religion) God of heaven; Lord of Heaven; celestial emperor


上皇

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/sœːŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/sœːŋ²² wɔːŋ²¹/


大不敬

ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄥˋ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄥˋ

/tä⁵¹ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² pɐt̚⁵ kɪŋ³³/

/tä⁵¹ pu⁵¹⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² pɐt̚⁵ kɪŋ³³/

Earlier, when your elder brother was in charge of the imperial carriage, he accompanied the emperor to the Yuyang Palace at Yong. He was helping to carry the emperor's hand-drawn cart down the portico steps when the cart struck a column and broke its axle. Thus impeached for lese-majesty, he had no choice but to fall upon his sword and take his own life.

Qián zhǎngjūn wéi fèngchē, cóng zhì Yōng Yùyánggōng, fú niǎn xià chú, chù zhù zhé yuán, hé dàbùjìng, fújiàn zìwěn.

前長君爲奉車，從至雍棫陽宮，扶輦下除，觸柱折轅，劾大不敬，伏劍自刎。

前长君为奉车，从至雍棫阳宫，扶辇下除，触柱折辕，劾大不敬，伏剑自刎。

(historical or in reference to other countries) lèse majesté

(by extension, to seniors or deities) disrespect; discourtesy; blasphemy


王儲

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʰyː¹³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰu⁵³/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ tʰu²³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰu²⁴/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʰyː¹³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰu⁵³/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ tʰu²³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰu²⁴/


王法

/wɑŋ³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ faːt̚³/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑʔ²⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² huat̚⁵/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² huat̚³²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ huat̚³²/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ huat̚³²/

/ɦuɑ̃²² faʔ⁴⁴/

/wɑŋ³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɔːŋ²¹ faːt̚³/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuɑʔ²⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² huat̚³²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² huat̚⁵/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² huat̚³²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ huat̚³²/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ huat̚³²/

/ɦuɑ̃²² faʔ⁴⁴/


聖明

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ mɪŋ²¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ biɪŋ¹³/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵/

/sɪŋ³³ mɪŋ²¹/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ biɪŋ¹³/

/siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/

august wisdom (formerly used in adulation of the emperor)


攝政

Sino-Xenic (攝政):
* → Japanese: 摂政(せっしょう) (sesshō)
* → Korean: 섭정(攝政) (seopjeong)
* → Vietnamese: nhiếp chính (攝政)

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/siːp̚³ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/liap̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/liap̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/liap̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/siap̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/siːp̚³ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/liap̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/liap̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/liap̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/siap̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹/


昏君

/xu̯ən⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/fɐn⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/xu̯ən⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/fɐn⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/


皇權

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kʰyːn²¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kʰyːn²¹/


元妃

/ɥɛn³⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵/

/ɥɛn³⁵ feɪ̯⁵⁵/


冢子

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


冠冕

/ku̯än⁵⁵ mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


英皇

/iŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/iŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

(Hong Kong, usually used in compounds) king of the United Kingdom


車輦

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(literary, historical) carriage of the emperor


千歲

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

honorific title given to members of a royal family, especially in Chinese novels and opera


千歲

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 千(ち)歳(とせ) (Chitose).

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

(～市) Chitose (a city in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


贊普

/t͡sän⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sän⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Phonetic loaning into Middle Chinese from Classical Tibetan བཙན་པོ (btsan po), literally "mighty one".

(historical) Tsenpo (title of ancient Tibetan kings)


東宮

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯uŋ²⁴/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯uŋ²⁴/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/


賓天

/pɐn⁵⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/pɐn⁵⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

Referring to the monarch's soul ascending as a guest to Heaven.


晏駕

/jɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/aːn³³ kaː³³/

/jɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/aːn³³ kaː³³/

(archaic, euphemistic, of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.) to die


王太后

/wɑŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/wɑŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/


皇額娘

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄜˊ ㄋㄧㄤˊ

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄜˊ ㄋㄧㄤˊ

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ˀɤ³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ ŋaːk̚² nœːŋ²¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ˀɤ³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ ŋaːk̚² nœːŋ²¹/

(Qing dynasty, honorific) empress mother; queen mother


攝政王

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/siːp̚³ t͡sɪŋ³³ wɔːŋ²¹/

/ⁿdiap̚⁵⁵ t͡sen³³ vɔŋ²²/

/liap̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/siap̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/ʂɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/siːp̚³ t͡sɪŋ³³ wɔːŋ²¹/

/ⁿdiap̚⁵⁵ t͡sen³³ vɔŋ²²/

/liap̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/siap̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ɔŋ²⁴/


尊號

/t͡su̯ən⁵⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡su̯ən⁵⁵ xaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/t͡sun⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ³³/

/t͡sun⁴⁴⁻³³ ho³³/

/t͡su̯ən⁵⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡su̯ən⁵⁵ xaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/t͡sun⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ³³/

/t͡sun⁴⁴⁻³³ ho³³/


公庭

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/


王公

/wɑŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/wɑŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/


葉護

/jɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu⁵¹/

/jɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu⁵¹/

Then (Gudulu) proclaimed himself khagan, and appointed his younger brothers: Mochuo as shad and Duoxifu as yabghu.

Nǎi zìlì wèi kěhàn, yǐ qí dì mòchuò wèi shè, duōxīfú wèi yèhù.

乃自立為可汗，以其弟默啜為設，咄悉匐為葉護。

乃自立为可汗，以其弟默啜为设，咄悉匐为叶护。


菊花王朝

ㄐㄩˊ ㄏㄨㄚ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ

ㄐㄩˊ ㄏㄨㄚ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ

Цзюйхуа Ванчао

/t͡ɕy³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕy³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

Chrysanthemum Throne
Chrysanthemum Throne


明主

/miŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɪŋ²¹ t͡syː³⁵/

/miŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɪŋ²¹ t͡syː³⁵/


外戚

/waɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/ŋɔːi̯²² t͡sʰɪk̚⁵/

/waɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/ŋɔːi̯²² t͡sʰɪk̚⁵/

relatives of a king or emperor on his mother's or wife's side


稱王

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/


儲君

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰyː¹³ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/tʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kuŋ³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰyː¹³ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/tʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kuŋ³³/


王太子

/wɑŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɑŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


禪讓制

/ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/


立朝

/li⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/li⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/


自立為王

ㄗˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄨㄟˊ ㄨㄤˊ

ㄗˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄨㄟˊ ㄨㄤˊ

/t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡siː²² lɐp̚² wɐi̯²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡siː²² laːp̚² wɐi̯²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡siː²² lɐp̚² wɐi̯²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/t͡siː²² laːp̚² wɐi̯²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/


天可汗

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ xän³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵ hɔːn²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ xän³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ hɐk̚⁵ hɔːn²¹/


親王國

Sino-Xenic (親王國):
* → Vietnamese: thân vương quốc (親王國)

ㄑㄧㄣ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄑㄧㄣ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/


日王

/ʐ̩⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

(non-honorific) mikado (emperor of Japan)


人王

/ʐən³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/jɐn²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/zin²³⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/ʐən³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/jɐn²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/zin²³⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/


始年

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

(calendar, literary) first year (of any period)


保皇黨

ㄅㄠˇ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄉㄤˇ

ㄅㄠˇ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄉㄤˇ

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pou̯³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹ tɔːŋ³⁵/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pou̯³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹ tɔːŋ³⁵/

(Hong Kong, politics, derogatory) pro-establishment camp; pro-Beijing camp


保皇黨人

ㄅㄠˇ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄉㄤˇ ㄖㄣˊ

ㄅㄠˇ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄉㄤˇ ㄖㄣˊ

баохуанданжэнь

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/


崩殂

/pɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰu³⁵/

/pɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰou̯²¹/

/pɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰu³⁵/

/pɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰou̯²¹/

The late Emperor laid the foundation of our state, but had not accomplished the half when he died in the middle of his task.

227, 諸葛亮 (Zhūgě Liàng) (Zhuge Liang), 出師表

Xiāndì chuàngyè wèi bàn, ér zhōngdào bēngcú.

先帝創業未半，而中道崩殂。

先帝创业未半，而中道崩殂。

(Classical, of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.) to die


明君

Sino-Xenic (明君):
* → Japanese: 明君(めいくん) (meikun)
* → Korean: 명군(明君) (myeonggun)
* → Vietnamese: minh quân (明君)

/miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

(literary) wise ruler; enlightened monarch; benevolent lord


享國

/ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/hœːŋ³⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/hœːŋ³⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

(literary) to reign; to be on the throne


享國

/ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/hœːŋ³⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/hœːŋ³⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/


君主專制

ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄨˇ ㄓㄨㄢ ㄓˋ

ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄨˇ ㄓㄨㄢ ㄓˋ

цзюньчжу чжуаньчжи

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ t͡syːn⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³³/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ t͡syːn⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³³/


君主主義

ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄨˇ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄨˇ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

цзюньчжучжуи

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/


諸王

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

(historical) various dukes or princes under an emperor


諸王

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

(archaic) name of a star or constellation


勸進

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

(literary) to make an appeal to ascend the throne


王某

/ɔŋ²³⁻²¹ bɔ⁴⁴⁵/

/ɔŋ²³⁻²¹ bɔ⁴⁴⁵/


立嗣

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹/

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹/


嗣位

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² wɐi̯²²/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡siː²² wɐi̯²²/

(monarchy) to ascend the throne; to succeed to the throne


奏疏

/t͡soʊ̯⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

/t͡soʊ̯⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

(historical) report to the Emperor; memorial to the throne


九五之尊

the honor of nine-five [to which only the emperor is entitled]

ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄨˇ ㄓ ㄗㄨㄣ

ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄨˇ ㄓ ㄗㄨㄣ

цзюучжицзунь

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ t͡su̯ən⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ ŋ̍¹³ t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡syːn⁵⁵/

/kiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁴⁴/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁴⁴/

/kɐu̯³⁵ ŋ̍¹³ t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡syːn⁵⁵/

/kiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁴⁴/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun⁴⁴/


攝位

/siːp̚³ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/siːp̚³ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese) to squeeze into a queue, seat, place, etc.


王政

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²¹/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

(literary) monarchy (form of government with a hereditary head of state)


王政復古

ㄨㄤˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˋ ㄍㄨˇ

ㄨㄤˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄈㄨˋ ㄍㄨˇ

ванчжэн фугу

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(politics) Japanese restoration of monarchy


皇朝

ja-r

皇朝(こうちょう) (kōchō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (皇朝):
* → Japanese: 皇朝(こうちょう) (kōchō)
* → Korean: 황조(皇朝) (hwangjo)
* → Vietnamese: hoàng triều (皇朝)

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/

(historical) imperial court; imperial government


沖齡

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹/

(literary, chiefly of a monarch) childhood; infancy


諭旨

/y⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/y⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


敕旨

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


保皇

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

Possibly named after 保皇會 /保皇会 (bǎohuánghuì, “Chinese Empire Reform Association”), short for 保救大清皇帝會 /保救大清皇帝会 (bǎojiù Dàqīng huángdì huì, literally “Society to Protect the Emperor of the Great Qing”), which was the political organization set up by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao in Guangxu era to promote reforms in order to save the Qing imperial regime.

Chinese Empire Reform Association
Guangxu
Kang Youwei
Liang Qichao


君權

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ kʰyːn²¹/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ kʰyːn²¹/


天長節

→ Japanese: 天長節

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄔㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄔㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡siːt̚³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡siːt̚³/

天長 /天长 is short for 天長地久／天长地久 (tiānchángdìjiǔ).

(historical) a festival which was originally Emperor Xuanzong of Tang's birthday and was later merged with Mid-Autumn Festival.


宸翰

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ xän⁵¹/

/sɐn²¹ hɔːn²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ xän⁵¹/

/sɐn²¹ hɔːn²²/


萬歲爺

ㄨㄢˋ ㄙㄨㄟˋ ㄧㄝˊ

ㄨㄢˋ ㄙㄨㄟˋ ㄧㄝˊ

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ jɛ³⁵/

/maːn²² sɵy̯³³ jɛː²¹/

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ jɛ³⁵/

/maːn²² sɵy̯³³ jɛː²¹/


帝皇

/ti⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/ti⁵¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/


拉惹

/lä⁵⁵ ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ jɛː¹³/

/lä⁵⁵ ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ jɛː¹³/

(Malaysia) rajah; raja (especially the Raja of Perlis)


嚴端

/jɛn³⁵ tu̯än⁵⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ tu̯än⁵⁵/

(Malaysia) Yamtuan Besar (the elective monarch of the Malay state of Negeri Sembilan)


皇嗣

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡siː²²/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡siː²²/


卿家

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

(archaic, honorific) a term of address by the emperor for his officials


最高元首

ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄍㄠ ㄩㄢˊ ㄕㄡˇ

ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄍㄠ ㄩㄢˊ ㄕㄡˇ

Цзуйгао Юаньшоу

/t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɵy̯³³ kou̯⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ sɐu̯³⁵/

/t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɵy̯³³ kou̯⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ sɐu̯³⁵/


弒君者

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

regicide; regicider; kingslayer (one who commits regicide; one who kills a monarch)


萬壽節

ㄨㄢˋ ㄕㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

ㄨㄢˋ ㄕㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄝˊ

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/maːn²² sɐu̯²² t͡siːt̚³/

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/maːn²² sɐu̯²² t͡siːt̚³/


坐天

/t͡se³³⁻²¹ tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡se³³⁻¹¹ tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡se²²⁻²¹ tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡se³³⁻²¹ tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡se³³⁻¹¹ tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡se²²⁻²¹ tʰĩ⁴⁴/

(Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien, intransitive) to ascend the throne; to be enthroned


坐天位

/t͡se²²⁻²¹ tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² ui²²/

/t͡se²²⁻²¹ tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² ui²²/

(Xiamen Hokkien, intransitive) to ascend the throne; to be enthroned


朝代循環

ㄔㄠˊ ㄉㄞˋ ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄢˊ

ㄔㄠˊ ㄉㄞˋ ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄢˊ

чаодайсюньхуань

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹ ɕyn³⁵ xu̯än³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹ ɕyn³⁵ xu̯än³⁵/

天命

Mandate of Heaven, which determines if a dynasty is legitimate