雁

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (雁):
* → Japanese: 雁(がん) (gan)
* → Vietnamese: nhạn (雁)

→ Vietnamese: ngan (鴳)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋraːns): phonetic 厂 (OC *hŋaːnʔ, *hŋaːns) + semantic 人 + semantic 隹.
Ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa-n (“goose”) (tentatively reconstructed); cognate with Tibetan ངང་པ (ngang pa), Burmese ငန်း (ngan:).
Related to 鵝 (OC *ŋaːl, “domestic goose”); both 鵝 and 雁 likely reflect an earlier liquid final (Schuessler, 2007; cf. Baxter and Sagart's reconstruction). Alternatively, it may derive from 鵝 with nominalizing suffix *-n, but this Chinese-internal derivation is problematic in light of the cognates in Tibeto-Burman (Schuessler, 2007; Alves, 2015b); but see Hill (2019) also, as noted in the etymology of 鵝.
Possible relationship with Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (“goose”) has been noted by some (Mayrhofer, 1976; Alves, 2015b).

Han compound

domesticated goose
w:en:domesticated goose

wild goose (as opposed to a domesticated goose – 鵝／鹅 (é)) (Classifier: 隻／只 m c)


鴻

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ): phonetic 江 (OC *kroːŋ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).

liushu

OC *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ

Han compound

鸿
𨾊
䲨/𬷾
𩾯/⿰氵鸟
𪀤
𪅯


鵝

→ Guiqiong: wo

/ᵑɡᵘɔ²²⁻²²⁵/

/ᵑɡᵘɔ²²⁻²²⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋaːl): phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ) + semantic 鳥.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa-n (“goose”); cognate with Tibetan ངང་པ (ngang pa), Burmese ငန်း (ngan:). However, the final consonants of the proposed cognates are possibly irreconcilable; they could instead be independently coined through onomatopoeia (Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019).
Related to 雁 (OC *ŋraːns, “wild goose”); see there for more.

Han compound

domestic goose (as opposed to a wild goose – 雁 (yàn)) (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn)


驚鴻

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ xʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ xʊŋ³⁵/

(archaic) a wild goose that is flying away after having been startled (a metaphor for a graceful and elegant woman)

(archaic) a beautiful and graceful woman

(archaic) an elegant and graceful dancer


大雁

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛn⁵¹/

/ta²¹³ iɛn²¹³/

/taːi̯²² ŋaːn²²/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛn⁵¹/

/ta²¹³ iɛn²¹³/

/taːi̯²² ŋaːn²²/


鴻雁

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (鴻雁):
* → Japanese: 鴻雁(こうがん) (kōgan)
* → Korean: 홍안(鴻雁) (hong'an)

/xʊŋ³⁵ jɛn⁵¹/

/hʊŋ²¹ ŋaːn²²/

/xʊŋ³⁵ jɛn⁵¹/

/hʊŋ²¹ ŋaːn²²/

The wild geese are flying about; and they settle in the midst of the marsh.

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

鴻雁于飛，集于中澤。

鸿雁于飞，集于中泽。


雁鵝

/jɛn⁵¹ ˀɤ³⁵/

/ŋan²¹³ o²¹/

/ˈŋaŋ¹¹ ŋo³⁵/

/ŋian⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋo¹¹/

/ŋan⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋo¹¹/

/ŋaŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ŋo⁵³/

/ŋaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ ɡo⁵⁵/

/ŋai̯²¹⁻¹¹ o¹³/

/ŋai̯²¹³ ŋo¹¹/

/jɛn⁵¹ ˀɤ³⁵/

/ŋan²¹³ o²¹/

/ˈŋaŋ¹¹ ŋo³⁵/

/ŋian⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋo¹¹/

/ŋan⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋo¹¹/

/ŋaŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ŋo⁵³/

/ŋaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ ɡo⁵⁵/

/ŋai̯²¹⁻¹¹ o¹³/

/ŋai̯²¹³ ŋo¹¹/