煙

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qiːn): semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 垔 (OC *qin).

Han compound

烟
菸
𠖣
𤎟
𡨾
𠖜
𤏯
烟
烟
菸

這是一種味淡的煙。

这是一种味淡的烟。

虎門銷煙

虎门销烟


煙

烟
菸
𠖣
𤎟
𡨾
𠖜
𤏯
烟
烟
菸

2003, “醉英雄”, 李岩修 (lyrics), 徐嘉良 [Galon Hsu] (music)performed by 蔡秋鳳 [Kerris Tsai]:

煙一支 檳榔一嘴

烟一支 槟榔一嘴

(Southern Min, Puxian Min) Alternative form of 薰 (“tobacco; cigarette”)


煙草

/jɛn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰau⁵³/

/iɛn³³ t͡sʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰau⁵³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰau⁵³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰau⁴¹/

/i⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔ²¹/

/jɛn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰau⁵³/

/iɛn³³ t͡sʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰau⁵³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰau⁵³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰau⁴¹/

/i⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔ²¹/

煙草製品

烟草制品


雪茄

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/syːt̚³ kʰaː⁵⁵/

/ɕiɪʔ³³ ɡa⁴⁴/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/syːt̚³ kʰaː⁵⁵/

/ɕiɪʔ³³ ɡa⁴⁴/

Borrowed from English cigar via a Southern variety of Chinese.
Folk etymology commonly describes poet Xu Zhimo (1897–1931) as coining this translation in 1924, in a casual conversation with Rabindranath Tagore, on the grounds that the cigar is similar to lotus stem (茄) and the ash is similar to snow (雪). However, this term had already been used in 《出使英法義比四國日記續》, a late 19ᵗʰ century text, and Officialdom Unmasked, a 1903 Northern Wu novel.

lang

《出使英法義比四國日記續》

《出使英法義比四國日記續》

Officialdom Unmasked
Rabindranath Tagore
Xu Zhimo


茄子

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/kʰɛː²¹⁻³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰia²⁴ t͡sz̩²/

/t͡ɕʰie¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

/ɡa²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/d͡ʑia²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯e̞¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕi̯a̠¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/kʰɛː²¹⁻³⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰia²⁴ t͡sz̩²/

/t͡ɕʰie¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

/ɡa²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/d͡ʑia²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯e̞¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕi̯a̠¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

eggplant; aubergine (Classifier: 根 m; 條／条 m c; 個／个 m c; 隻／只 m c)


土豆

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ toʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/tʰou̯³⁵ tɐu̯²²/

/tʰou̯³⁵ tɐu̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tʰəu̯⁴¹ təu̯²¹⁻¹¹/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ toʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/tʰou̯³⁵ tɐu̯²²/

/tʰou̯³⁵ tɐu̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tʰəu̯⁴¹ təu̯²¹⁻¹¹/

(Internet slang, sometimes offensive) often part of the term 南方小土豆 (Nánfāng xiǎo tǔdòu), a nickname for tourists from southern China, especially when visiting northeastern China, often used in a lighthearted or affectionate way due to perceived smaller stature.


土豆

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ toʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ toʊ̯⁵¹/

zh-l

塗豆／涂豆 (thô͘-tāu)


土豆

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ toʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ toʊ̯⁵¹/

Phono-semantic matching of French Trudeau.


馬鈴薯

→ Lingao: ma⁴ liŋ¹ su⁴

→ Zhuang: majlingzsuz

ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄕㄨˇ

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ lɪŋ²¹ syː²¹/

/ma⁵³ laŋ⁵⁵ ʃu⁵⁵/

/ma⁴⁴⁻³⁵ laŋ¹¹ su¹¹/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁵⁵ liɪŋ²⁴⁻³³ t͡su²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡su²⁴/

/mã⁵⁵⁻³⁵ liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɨ²⁴/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ¹³⁻²² t͡si¹³/

/mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡si²³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁵⁵ liɪŋ²⁴⁻³³ t͡si²⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/be⁵⁵⁻³⁵ liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɨ²⁴/

/be⁵²⁻³⁵ leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵⁵/

/be⁵²⁻³⁵ leŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ lɪŋ²¹ syː²¹/

/ma⁵³ laŋ⁵⁵ ʃu⁵⁵/

/ma⁴⁴⁻³⁵ laŋ¹¹ su¹¹/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁵⁵ liɪŋ²⁴⁻³³ t͡su²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡su²⁴/

/mã⁵⁵⁻³⁵ liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɨ²⁴/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ²⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ¹³⁻²² t͡si¹³/

/mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡si²³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁵⁵ liɪŋ²⁴⁻³³ t͡si²⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/be⁵⁵⁻³⁵ liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sɨ²⁴/

/be⁵²⁻³⁵ leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵⁵/

/be⁵²⁻³⁵ leŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵/

Suzuki (2013) suggests that 馬鈴／马铃 (mǎlíng) may be a corruption of 馬來／马来 (Mǎlái, “Malay”), but the form 馬來薯／马来薯 has never been attested, and as Xiang (2018) points out, potato is a a temperate crop rarely cultivated in hot and humid tropical Asia.
The earliest known attestation in Chinese is found in the Kangxi edition of the Gazetteer of Songxi County (松溪縣志, 1700), but it is desribed as a tree climber with blackish tubers tasting bitterish and therefore should refer to air potato (Dioscorea bulbifera) instead of potato. The name is probably an allusion to the way the bulbils of air potato look like bells used in the tack for horses. The Japanese herbalist Ono Ranzan (小野蘭山) misapplied the name to potato in Tetsuen Shōtoku (耋筵小牘, 1808), and this altered denotation was first borrowed into Chinese by Huang Zunxian (黃遵憲) in the late 19th century (Xiang, 2018).

zh-l

馬鈴／马铃 (mǎlíng)

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum#Translingual

Dioscorea bulbifera
Dioscorea bulbifera#Translingual

(archaic) air potato (Dioscorea bulbifera)


枸杞

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (枸杞):
* → Japanese: 枸杞(くこ) (kuko)
* → Korean: 구기(枸杞) (gugi)

→ English: goji

→ Malay: kauki, koki

→ Thai: เก๋ากี้ (gǎo-gîi)

/koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐu̯³⁵ kei̯³⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki⁵³/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴¹/

/kio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ki⁵⁵⁴/

/kɤ³³ t͡ɕi⁴⁴/

/koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐu̯³⁵ kei̯³⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki⁵³/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴¹/

/kio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ki⁵⁵⁴/

/kɤ³³ t͡ɕi⁴⁴/

Lycium barbarum
Lycium barbarum#Translingual


山藥

/ʂän⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯²/

/saːn⁵⁵ jœːk̚²/

/san²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯ok̚⁵/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² ioʔ⁴/

/suã³³ ioʔ²⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² ioʔ¹²¹/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ ioʔ⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ iɤʔ⁴/

/se⁵⁵ ɦiaʔ²¹/

/ʂän⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯²/

/saːn⁵⁵ jœːk̚²/

/san²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯ok̚⁵/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² ioʔ⁴/

/suã³³ ioʔ²⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² ioʔ¹²¹/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ ioʔ⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ iɤʔ⁴/

/se⁵⁵ ɦiaʔ²¹/

Emperor Daizong of Tang
Emperor Yingzong of Song
Jin dynasty (265–420)

So named as it is produced in mountains and can be used as a medicine.
Folk etymology claims that 山藥 was renamed from 薯蕷／薯蓣 (shǔyù), to avoid the naming taboo of Emperor Daizong of Tang and Emperor Yingzong of Song; however, 山藥 has been in use since the Jin dynasty (265–420).

zh-l

薯蕷／薯蓣 (shǔyù)

Dioscorea polystachya
Dioscorea polystachya#Translingual


西紅柿

/ɕi⁵⁵ xʊŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ xoŋ²¹ sz̩²¹³/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰiː¹³/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰiː¹³⁻³⁵/

/ɕi¹¹ xuŋ¹¹ sz̩⁴⁵/

/sai³³⁻²³ aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sai³⁵/

/si³³ xʊŋ¹³ ʂʐ̩²¹⁻¹¹/

/ɕi³³ xən¹³ sz̩²¹⁻¹¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ xʊŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ xoŋ²¹ sz̩²¹³/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰiː¹³/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰiː¹³⁻³⁵/

/ɕi¹¹ xuŋ¹¹ sz̩⁴⁵/

/sai³³⁻²³ aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sai³⁵/

/si³³ xʊŋ¹³ ʂʐ̩²¹⁻¹¹/

/ɕi³³ xən¹³ sz̩²¹⁻¹¹/

(chiefly Mainland China, especially Mandarin) tomato


辣油

/lä⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵/

/laːt̚² jɐu̯²¹/

/laʔ¹¹ ɦiɤ²³/

/lä⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵/

/laːt̚² jɐu̯²¹/

/laʔ¹¹ ɦiɤ²³/


番茄

→ Zhuang: fanhgez

/fän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ³⁵/

/fan⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiɛ²¹/

/fã³¹ t͡ɕʰye²⁴/

/faːn⁵⁵ kʰɛː²¹⁻³⁵/

/fɛŋ²¹³ kʰø²¹⁻³⁵/

/fan³³ kʰiɛ²¹⁻²¹⁵/

/fan⁴² ˈt͡ɕʰia²⁴/

/fan⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kʰio¹¹/

/huaŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ kieu¹³/

/huoŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ kieu¹³/

/huan⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɤ²³/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ kie⁵⁵/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ kio⁵⁵/

/fẽ̞³³ ɡɑ³⁴/

/fɑ³³ t͡ɕiɑ⁵⁵/

/ɸan³³ t͡ɕi̯e̞¹³/

/fan⁴⁴⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä¹¹/

/fän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ³⁵/

/fan⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiɛ²¹/

/fã³¹ t͡ɕʰye²⁴/

/faːn⁵⁵ kʰɛː²¹⁻³⁵/

/fɛŋ²¹³ kʰø²¹⁻³⁵/

/fan³³ kʰiɛ²¹⁻²¹⁵/

/fan⁴² ˈt͡ɕʰia²⁴/

/fan⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kʰio¹¹/

/huaŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ kieu¹³/

/huoŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ kieu¹³/

/huan⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɤ²³/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ kie⁵⁵/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ kio⁵⁵/

/fẽ̞³³ ɡɑ³⁴/

/fɑ³³ t͡ɕiɑ⁵⁵/

/ɸan³³ t͡ɕi̯e̞¹³/

/fan⁴⁴⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä¹¹/

Compare Thai มะเขือเทศ (má-kʉ̌ʉa-têet, “tomato”) ( < มะเขือ (má-kʉ̌ʉa, “eggplant”) + เทศ (têet, “foreign”)).

cog

(Xianyou Puxian Min, Luoyuan Shehua) chilli pepper


柿子

→ Uyghur: شىزا (shiza)

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/sz̩²¹³ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/sz̩⁴⁴ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/t͡sʰiː¹³ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩¹¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/sz̩⁴⁵ t͡səʔ⁴/

/zz̩²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/sz̩²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/sz̩²¹³ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/sz̩⁴⁴ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/t͡sʰiː¹³ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩¹¹ t͡sz̩¹/

/sz̩⁴⁵ t͡səʔ⁴/

/zz̩²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/sz̩²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Jin) tomato


香煙

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛn⁵⁵/

/ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ iɛn⁵⁵/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ jiːn⁵⁵/

/ɕiɔŋ⁴² iɛn⁴²/

/ɕiæ̃³³ iẽ̞³⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ jɛn⁵⁵/

/ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ iɛn⁵⁵/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ jiːn⁵⁵/

/ɕiɔŋ⁴² iɛn⁴²/

/ɕiæ̃³³ iẽ̞³⁴/


紙煙

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵³ iɛn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵³ iɛn⁵⁵/


捲煙

/t͡ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn⁵⁵/

/kuan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɛn⁴⁴/

/kuan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɛn³³/

/t͡ɕy̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn⁵⁵/

/kuan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɛn⁴⁴/

/kuan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɛn³³/


洋山芋

/jɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ y⁵¹/

/ɦiã²² se⁵⁵ ɦy²¹/

/jɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ y⁵¹/

/ɦiã²² se⁵⁵ ɦy²¹/


甜椒

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰiːm²¹ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/tĩ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/tĩ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/tĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/tĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤ⁴⁴/

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰiːm²¹ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/tĩ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/tĩ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/tĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/tĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤ⁴⁴/


辣椒

/lä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ŋɛk̚²² t͡siu²¹³⁻⁵⁵/

/l̃aʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ t͡sieu⁵⁵/

/laʔ¹¹ t͡ɕiɔ²³/

/laʔ¹¹ t͡siɔ²⁴/

/læʔ²² t͡siɔ⁵³/

/ɦlæʔ²² t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵/

/la̠²⁴ t͡si̯ɒu̯³³/

/la̠²⁴ t͡ɕi̯ɒu̯³³/

/la̠³⁵ t͡si̯ɤ⁴⁴⁻³³/

/lä¹¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁴⁴⁵/

/lä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ŋɛk̚²² t͡siu²¹³⁻⁵⁵/

/l̃aʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ t͡sieu⁵⁵/

/laʔ¹¹ t͡ɕiɔ²³/

/laʔ¹¹ t͡siɔ²⁴/

/læʔ²² t͡siɔ⁵³/

/ɦlæʔ²² t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵/

/la̠²⁴ t͡si̯ɒu̯³³/

/la̠²⁴ t͡ɕi̯ɒu̯³³/

/la̠³⁵ t͡si̯ɤ⁴⁴⁻³³/

/lä¹¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁴⁴⁵/


青椒

→ Mongolian: чинжүү (činžüü)

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰĩ³¹⁻³³ t͡siɔ³¹/

/t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ¹¹ t͡ɕiau¹¹/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰĩ³¹⁻³³ t͡siɔ³¹/

/t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ¹¹ t͡ɕiau¹¹/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual


菜椒

/t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰai¹²⁻⁴⁴ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰai¹²⁻⁴⁴ t͡sio⁴⁴/


鼻煙

/pi³⁵ jɑɻ⁵⁵/

/pi³⁵ jɑɻ⁵⁵/


鼻煙盒

/pi³⁵ jɛn⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/pi³⁵ jɛn⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/


辣椒粉

/lä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laʔ⁵ t͡siɔ³¹ fə̃¹¹/

/laːt̚² t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ fɐn³⁵/

/ŋɛk̚²² t͡siu²¹³ fɐn³⁵/

/l̃aʔ⁵⁻²¹ t͡sieu⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uŋ³³/

/laʔ¹¹ t͡ɕiɔ²² fən²³/

/læʔ²² t͡siɔ⁵⁵ ɸəŋ⁵³/

/ɦlæʔ²² t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵ fən/

/lɐʔ²² t͡ɕiɔ³⁴ fəŋ⁵¹/

/la̠³⁵ t͡si̯ɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ xun⁴²⁻¹/

/lä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/laʔ⁵ t͡siɔ³¹ fə̃¹¹/

/laːt̚² t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ fɐn³⁵/

/ŋɛk̚²² t͡siu²¹³ fɐn³⁵/

/l̃aʔ⁵⁻²¹ t͡sieu⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uŋ³³/

/laʔ¹¹ t͡ɕiɔ²² fən²³/

/læʔ²² t͡siɔ⁵⁵ ɸəŋ⁵³/

/ɦlæʔ²² t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵ fən/

/lɐʔ²² t͡ɕiɔ³⁴ fəŋ⁵¹/

/la̠³⁵ t͡si̯ɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ xun⁴²⁻¹/


柿子椒

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/zz̩²² t͡sz̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/zz̩²² t͡sz̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/


燈籠椒

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ² t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ² t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

(dialectal) bell pepper; sweet pepper; capsicum


朝天椒

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

facing heaven pepper (Capsicum annuum var. conoides) (Classifier: 根 m)


酸漿

/su̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/syːn⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/su̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/syːn⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

Alkekengi officinarum
Alkekengi officinarum#Translingual

Physalis alkekengi
Physalis alkekengi#Translingual

bladder cherry (Alkekengi officinarum, syn. Physalis alkekengi)


鼻煙壺

/pei̯²² jiːn⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

/pei̯²² jiːn⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/


薯仔

/syː²¹ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/si²² tᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/syː²¹ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/si²² tᵘɔi⁵⁵/


洋芋

→ Lü: ᦍᧂᦊᦲᧈ (yangẏii¹)

→ Uyghur: ياڭيۇ (yangyu)

→ Salar: yañyu

/iaŋ²¹ y²¹³/

/jœːŋ²¹ wuː²²/

/i̯æn¹³ y²¹⁻¹¹/

/iaŋ²¹ y²¹³/

/jœːŋ²¹ wuː²²/

/i̯æn¹³ y²¹⁻¹¹/


洋柿子

/jɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/iã²⁴ ʂʐ̩⁴⁴ t͡sz̩/

/iɑŋ²⁴ sz̩⁴⁴ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/jɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/iã²⁴ ʂʐ̩⁴⁴ t͡sz̩/

/iɑŋ²⁴ sz̩⁴⁴ t͡sz̩²⁴/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Jin, Loudi Xiang) tomato


西番柿

/ɕi⁵⁵ fän⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ɕi¹¹ fæ̃¹¹ sz̩⁴⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ fän⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ɕi¹¹ fæ̃¹¹ sz̩⁴⁵/

又有西畨柿亦萬曆間自西方來蔓生高四五尺結實宛如柿然不堪食其蔓與葉臭不可近比之向日菊尤甚今亦無種者矣


地豆

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ toʊ̯⁵¹/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɤʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ toʊ̯⁵¹/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɤʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

(dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) peanut


番囝薯

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiaŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ny⁵³/

/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiaŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ny⁵³/


煙仔

/jiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/ian⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡saɪ³¹/

/jiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/ian⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡saɪ³¹/


顛茄

/ti̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ³⁵/

/tiːn⁵⁵ kʰɛː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ti̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ³⁵/

/tiːn⁵⁵ kʰɛː²¹⁻³⁵/

Atropa belladonna
Atropa belladonna#Translingual


煙癮

/jɛn⁵⁵ in²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɛn⁵⁵ in²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

urge to smoke cigarettes; one's cigarette habit; tobacco addiction (Classifier: 鋪／铺 c)


莨菪

/lɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑŋ⁵¹/

/lɔːŋ²² tɔːŋ²²/

/lɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑŋ⁵¹/

/lɔːŋ²² tɔːŋ²²/

Perhaps transcription of a foreign term; compare Tibetan ལང་ཐང་རྩེ (lang thang rtse, “Hyoscyamus niger”).
In what is possibly a folk etymology, herbalist Li Shizhen explained the name as

Its seeds, when ingested, will make one deranged (kuanglang) and unrestrained (fangdang), hence the name.

The Compendium of Materia Medica [Bencao Gangmu], by Li Shizhen, 1578 CE

Qí zǐ fú zhī, lìng rén kuángláng fàngdàng, gù míng.

其子服之，令人狂狼放宕，故名。

莨𦳝
莨蓎
莨𦿆
莨蕩
蒗蓎
蒗蕩
䕞薚
䕞𦿆

Hyoscyamus niger
Hyoscyamus niger#Translingual


淡巴菰

/tän⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ ku⁵⁵/

/tän⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ ku⁵⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of Spanish tabaco (“tobacco”). For the -m in 淡, compare Korean 담배 (dambae).


龍葵

/lʊŋ³⁵ kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ kʷʰɐi̯²¹/

/lʊŋ³⁵ kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ kʷʰɐi̯²¹/

Solanum nigrum
Solanum nigrum#Translingual

GT - General Taiwanese (no particular region identified)


聖女果

ㄕㄥˋ ㄋㄩˇ ㄍㄨㄛˇ

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


天仙子

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


小米辣

ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄇㄧˇ ㄌㄚˋ

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵¹/

Capsicum frutescens
Capsicum frutescens#Translingual

xiaomila, a cultivar of Capsicum frutescens from Yunnan province, China (Classifier: 根 m)


押不蘆

/jä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lu³⁵/

/jä⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lu³⁵/

Borrowed from Arabic يَبْرُوح (yabrūḥ, “mandrake”).


山藥蛋

/ʂän⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯² tän⁵¹/

/sæ̃¹¹ iəʔ² tæ̃⁴⁵/

/ʂän⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯² tän⁵¹/

/sæ̃¹¹ iəʔ² tæ̃⁴⁵/

(Beijing Mandarin, dated, derogatory) someone from northeastern China


烏點規

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kui⁴⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kui⁴⁴/

(Xiamen Hokkien) black nightshade (Solanum nigrum)


薰枝

/hɔŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi⁵³³/

/huoŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi⁵³³/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁴⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴/

/huŋ³³⁻²³ ki³³/

/hɔŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi⁵³³/

/huoŋ⁵³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋi⁵³³/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁴⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ ki⁴⁴/

/huŋ³³⁻²³ ki³³/


五提茄

/ɡɔ²²⁻²¹ tʰe²⁴⁻²² kio²⁴/

/ɡɔ²²⁻²¹ tʰe²⁴⁻²² kio²⁴/


七粒紐

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ liap̚⁴⁻³² liu⁵³/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ liap̚⁴⁻³² liu⁵³/


烏甜仔菜

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai¹¹/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai¹¹/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/

(Taiwanese Hokkien) black nightshade (Solanum nigrum)


珠律

/t͡suː³³ lɵt̚⁵/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² lut̚¹²¹/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² lut̚⁵³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² lut̚⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² lut̚⁴³/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ ɹut̚⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²³ luk̚⁴/

/t͡suː³³ lɵt̚⁵/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² lut̚¹²¹/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² lut̚⁵³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² lut̚⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² lut̚⁴³/

/t͡su³³⁻²¹ ɹut̚⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²³ luk̚⁴/

Borrowed from Malay cerutu, from Tamil சுருட்டு (curuṭṭu).

(Hokkien, Teochew, Malaysian Cantonese, Malaysian Hakka) cigar

Malaysian Cantonese; Malaysian Hakka; Malaysian Cantonese; Malaysian Hakka


大同仔

/tai³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/tai³¹⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/tai³¹⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵/

Uncertain. Possibly from 大筒 (“big barrel”), which the shape of green peppers resemble.

(Taiwanese Hokkien) green pepper (Capsicum annuum)


青番薑

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ huan⁴⁴⁻³³ kiũ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ huan⁴⁴⁻³³ kiũ⁴⁴/

(Taipei, Hsinchu and Sanxia Hokkien) green pepper (Capsicum annuum)


山藥豆

/ʂän⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯² toʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʂän⁵⁵ jɑʊ̯² toʊ̯⁵¹/


火柿子

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/


烏子仔菜

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai¹¹/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ zi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai¹¹/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ zi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/


辣椒仔

/laːt̚² t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/laːt̚² t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/


夜來香

Japanese: 夜来香 (ieraishan)

/jɛ⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jɛː²² lɔːi̯²¹ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

/ia²²⁻²¹ lai²⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ia⁴¹⁻²² lai²⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ³³/

/ia²²⁻²¹ lai¹³⁻²² hiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ia³³⁻¹¹ lai²⁴⁻¹¹ hiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ia³³⁻²¹ lai²³⁻³³ hiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɦia²² le⁵⁵ ɕiã²¹/

/jɛ⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jɛː²² lɔːi̯²¹ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

/ia²²⁻²¹ lai²⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ia⁴¹⁻²² lai²⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ³³/

/ia²²⁻²¹ lai¹³⁻²² hiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ia³³⁻¹¹ lai²⁴⁻¹¹ hiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ia³³⁻²¹ lai²³⁻³³ hiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɦia²² le⁵⁵ ɕiã²¹/

night-blooming cestrum, Cestrum nocturnum


紅姑娘

ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄍㄨ ˙ㄋㄧㄤ

/xʊŋ³⁵ ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ²/

/hʊŋ²¹ kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ²/

/hʊŋ²¹ kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹/


車厘茄

cé¹ léi⁴ ké⁴⁻²

/t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵ lei̯²¹ kʰɛː²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵ lei̯²¹ kʰɛː²¹⁻³⁵/


黑星星

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ²/

ㄏㄟ ㄒㄧㄥ ˙ㄒㄧㄥㄦ

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ²/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ²/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ²/

(dialectal) black nightshade (Solanum nigrum)


洋旱煙

/iɒ̃¹¹ xæ̃⁴⁵ ie¹¹/

/iɒ̃¹¹ xæ̃⁴⁵ ie¹¹/


鼻薰

/pʰi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ houŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰĩ³³⁻²¹ hun⁴⁴/

/pʰĩ³³⁻¹¹ hun⁴⁴/

/pʰĩ¹¹ huŋ³³/

/pʰi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ houŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰĩ³³⁻²¹ hun⁴⁴/

/pʰĩ³³⁻¹¹ hun⁴⁴/

/pʰĩ¹¹ huŋ³³/

(Eastern Min, Southern Min) snuff (fine-ground tobacco)


鼻煙膏

/pi³⁵ jɛn⁵⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pi³⁵ jɛn⁵⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/


烏鈕草

(Hakka) black nightshade (Solanum nigrum)


薰條

/ɕioŋ⁵⁵ diɔ²¹/

/ɕioŋ⁵⁵ diɔ²¹/


杭椒

/xɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/xɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/


毛秀才

ㄇㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄡˋ ㄘㄞˊ

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/mɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/


煙葉子

/iɛn⁵⁵ iɛ²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/iɛn⁴² iɛt̚⁵/

/ie¹¹ iəʔ² t͡səʔ³/

/i̯ẽ³³ i̯e̞²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/iɛn⁵⁵ iɛ²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/iɛn⁴² iɛt̚⁵/

/ie¹¹ iəʔ² t͡səʔ³/

/i̯ẽ³³ i̯e̞²⁴ t͡sz̩³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Jin, Xiang) tobacco leaf

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


煙箬

/iŋ⁵⁴ niɔ⁴²/

/iŋ⁵⁴ niɔ⁴²/


葉子煙

/jɛ⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹ jɛn⁵⁵/

/jɛ⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹ jɛn⁵⁵/


呂宋煙

/ly²¹⁴⁻²¹ sʊŋ⁵¹ jɛn⁵⁵/

/lɵy̯¹³ sʊŋ³³ jiːn⁵⁵/

/ly²¹⁴⁻²¹ sʊŋ⁵¹ jɛn⁵⁵/

/lɵy̯¹³ sʊŋ³³ jiːn⁵⁵/

1947, 楊工良, director, 新白金龍 [The New White Golden Dragon], spoken by 白金龍 (薛覺先):

ai¹ jaa¹, nei⁵ go³ sei² je⁵ aa¹, tau¹ ngo⁵ di¹ leoi⁵ sung³ jin¹ sik⁶?

哎吔，你個死嘢吖，偷我啲呂宋煙食？

哎吔，你个死嘢吖，偷我啲吕宋烟食？

(dated or dialectal) cigar (Classifier: 支 m c)


煙棒棒子

/iæ̃²⁴ pɑŋ⁴⁴ pɑŋ²⁴ t͡sz̩²⁴/

/iæ̃²⁴ pɑŋ⁴⁴ pɑŋ²⁴ t͡sz̩²⁴/


煙棒棒兒

/iæ̃²⁴ pɑŋ⁴⁴ pɔ²⁴/

/iæ̃²⁴ pɑŋ⁴⁴ pɔ²⁴/


烏𪐞子

/vu²⁴⁻¹¹ tu⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/vu²⁴⁻¹¹ tu⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

(Taiwanese Hakka) black nightshade (fruit)


卡宴辣椒

ㄎㄚˇ ㄧㄢˋ ㄌㄚˋ ㄐㄧㄠ

каянь лацзяо

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ lä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ jiːn³³ laːt̚² t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ lä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ jiːn³³ laːt̚² t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/


過濾嘴

ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄌㄩˋ ㄗㄨㄟˇ

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ly⁵¹ t͡su̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

ㄍㄨㄛˋ ㄌㄩˋ ㄗㄨㄟˇㄦ

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ly⁵¹ t͡su̯əɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ly⁵¹ t͡su̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ly⁵¹ t͡su̯əɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


樹番茄

/ʂu⁵¹ fän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ³⁵/

/ʂu⁵¹ fän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ³⁵/


大海椒

/tä⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

(chiefly Southwestern Mandarin) bell pepper; sweet pepper; capsicum


五代同堂

ㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄤˊ

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ tɔːi̯²² tʰʊŋ²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ tɔːi̯²² tʰʊŋ²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

The plant gained its name because its fruit has usually five tips.


色牙

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡa²⁴/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ɡa²⁴/


吊菜

/tiau⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰoɪ⁵³/

/tiau⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰoɪ⁵³/

Named for how the fruit grows on the plant. The term arose as avoidance of 茄 (“eggplant”), which is homophonous to 瘸 (“crippled”) (Chang, 2022).


西莨

/ɬe⁵³³⁻¹³ lɒŋ²¹/

/ɬe⁵³³⁻¹³ lɒŋ²¹/


洋班椒

/i̯an¹¹ pan⁴⁴⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁴⁴⁵/

/i̯an¹¹ pan⁴⁴⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁴⁴⁵/


班椒

/pan⁴⁴⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁴⁴⁵/

/pan⁴⁴⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁴⁴⁵/

(Hengyang Xiang) chili pepper; red pepper