梟

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)u (“owl”), which is also compared to 鴞 (OC *ɦraw, “owl”), 鵂 (OC *qʰu, “owl”), 舊 (OC *ɡʷɯs, “owl”) (STEDT). Compare Japhug pɣɤkhɯ (“owl”) (Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).


隼

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴/

The upper component is a reference to a bird with a short tail, in this case a falcon, and is used both as a semantic and phonetic component. Originally, it was written as 鵻. Then it became 隼 and eventually 鶽.

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

鴥彼飛隼

𫛣彼飞隼


鳶

Sino-Xenic (鳶):
* → Korean: 연(鳶) (yeon)

Possibly phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɢʷen): semantic 鳥 (“bird”) + phonetic 戈 (OC *koːl).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzwan (“hawk; kite”). Cognate with Burmese စွန် (cwan, “kite”) (STEDT).

inh

鸢
𩾢
𩾷
䳒
𪃘
𪀝
𩾭
鵈
䳣
䲻

Milvus migrans
Milvus migrans#Translingual

hawk; kite, especially the black kite (Milvus migrans)


鴞

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɦraw): phonetic 号 (OC *ɦlaːws) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).


鷲

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

鷲鳥

鹫鸟


鷹

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qɯŋ): phonetic 䧹 (OC *qɯŋ, “eagle; hawk”) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).
This word is possibly related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-la(ŋ/k) (“bird of prey”), which is likely a loan from Proto-Mon-Khmer *laŋ ~ *laaŋ ~ *laiŋ (“large raptor”) > Proto-Bahnaric *klaːŋ (“hawk”), Proto-Palaungic *klaːŋ (“kite”), Mon လနေၚ် (“kite”), Khmer ខ្លែង (khlaeng, “kite”); within Tibeto-Burman, compare Tibetan གླག (glag, “eagle; vulture”), Burmese လင်းတ (lang:ta., “vulture”), Jingpho lang (“bird of the falcon family”) (Benedict, 1972; STEDT).
This word agrees better with Tibetan སྐྱིང་སེར (skying ser, “eagle; vulture”) if the Old Chinese is reconstructed as *s-ki̯əŋ (Benedict, 1990; Schuessler, 2007); Benedict (1976) reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kiŋ for this, which Benedict (1990) suggests is the native Sino-Tibetan root.

cog

禿鷹／秃鹰

雀鷹／雀鹰 ― quèyīng ― sparrowhawk

貓頭鷹／猫头鹰

1919, 《新舊約全書：官話和合譯本》 [Mandarin Bible, Union Version], Shanghai: American Bible Society, 以賽亞書 [Isaiah] 40:31:

but those who wait for Yahweh will renew their strength. They will mount up with wings like eagles. They will run, and not be weary. They will walk, and not faint. [World English Bible]

Dàn nà děnghòu yēhéhuá de, bì zhòngxīn délì, tāmen bì rú yīng zhǎnchì shàngténg, tāmen bēnpǎo què bù kùnjuàn, xíngzǒu què bù pífá.

但那等候耶和華的、必重新得力、他們必如鷹展翅上騰、他們奔跑卻不困倦、行走卻不疲乏。

但那等候耶和华的、必重新得力、他们必如鹰展翅上腾、他们奔跑却不困倦、行走却不疲乏。

bird of prey of Accipitriformes (eagles, hawks, kites, vultures), Falconiformes (falcons), or Strigiformes (owls)


夜貓子

/jɛ⁵¹ mɑʊ̯⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/iɛ²¹³ mau⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/jɛː²² maːu̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/i̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ mɒu̯³³ t͡sz̩³/

/jɛ⁵¹ mɑʊ̯⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/iɛ²¹³ mau⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/jɛː²² maːu̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/i̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ mɒu̯³³ t͡sz̩³/

你是個夜貓子，還是早起者？

你是个夜猫子，还是早起者？

(chiefly Mandarin, Xiang, colloquial, figurative) night owl (Classifier: 個／个 m; 隻／只 m)


金雕

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ tiːu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ tiːu̯⁵⁵/


猛禽

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/maːŋ¹³ kʰɐm²¹/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/maːŋ¹³ kʰɐm²¹/


角鴟

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/

/kok̚² t͡sʰɨ²⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/

/kok̚² t͡sʰɨ²⁴/


鴟鵂

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiː⁵⁵ jɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiː⁵⁵ jɐu̯⁵⁵/


貓頭鷹

/mɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ iŋ⁵⁵/

/maːu̯⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹ jɪŋ⁵⁵/

/mau¹¹ tʰəu¹¹ iŋ¹¹/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴⁻²² iɪŋ⁴⁴/

/niãu³³ tʰau²⁴⁻²² iɪŋ³³/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau¹³⁻²² iɪŋ⁴⁴/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ iɪŋ⁴⁴/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³⁻³³ iɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ŋiou³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ eŋ³³/

/ŋiau³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ eŋ³³/

/mɔ²² dɤ⁵⁵ in²¹/

/mɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ iŋ⁵⁵/

/maːu̯⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹ jɪŋ⁵⁵/

/mau¹¹ tʰəu¹¹ iŋ¹¹/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴⁻²² iɪŋ⁴⁴/

/niãu³³ tʰau²⁴⁻²² iɪŋ³³/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau¹³⁻²² iɪŋ⁴⁴/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ iɪŋ⁴⁴/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³⁻³³ iɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ŋiou³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ eŋ³³/

/ŋiau³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ eŋ³³/

/mɔ²² dɤ⁵⁵ in²¹/


禿鷹

/tʰu⁵⁵ iŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊk̚⁵ jɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰu⁵⁵ iŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊk̚⁵ jɪŋ⁵⁵/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 禿(はげ)鷹(たか) (hagetaka)


禿鷲

/tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sɐu̯²²/

/tʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/tʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sɐu̯²²/


海鷲

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/


倉鴞

/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ hiːu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ hiːu̯⁵⁵/


大雕鴞

/tä⁵¹ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² tiːu̯⁵⁵ hiːu̯⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² tiːu̯⁵⁵ hiːu̯⁵⁵/


鷹鳥

/en²⁴⁻¹¹ ti̯au̯²⁴/

/in²⁴⁻¹¹ ti̯au̯²⁴/

/en²⁴⁻¹¹ ti̯au̯²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siau⁵³/

/iɪŋ³³ t͡siau⁵⁵⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siau⁵³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siau⁵³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siau⁴¹/

/en²⁴⁻¹¹ ti̯au̯²⁴/

/in²⁴⁻¹¹ ti̯au̯²⁴/

/en²⁴⁻¹¹ ti̯au̯²⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siau⁵³/

/iɪŋ³³ t͡siau⁵⁵⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siau⁵³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siau⁵³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siau⁴¹/


鷂婆

/i̯eu̯⁵⁵ pʰo¹¹/

/ʒau³³ pʰo⁵⁵/

/iau⁵³⁻⁵⁵ pʰo¹¹/

/i̯eu̯⁵⁵ pʰo¹¹/

/ʒau³³ pʰo⁵⁵/

/iau⁵³⁻⁵⁵ pʰo¹¹/


鷹仔

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/iɪŋ³³ a⁵⁵⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/iɪŋ³³ a⁵⁵⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹/


暗光鳥

/am²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siau⁴¹/

/am¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siau⁵³/

/am²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siau⁵³/

/am³¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ³³ t͡siau⁵⁵/

/am²¹⁻³³ kɔŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡siau⁴⁴⁵/

/am¹²⁻⁴⁴ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siau⁵³/

/am⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔŋ³³ t͡siau⁵⁵⁴/

/am²¹⁻⁴² kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siau⁴²/

/am²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siau⁵³/

/am²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siau⁴¹/

/am¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siau⁵³/

/am²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siau⁵³/

/am³¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ³³ t͡siau⁵⁵/

/am²¹⁻³³ kɔŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡siau⁴⁴⁵/

/am¹²⁻⁴⁴ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siau⁵³/

/am⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔŋ³³ t͡siau⁵⁵⁴/

/am²¹⁻⁴² kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siau⁴²/

/am²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siau⁵³/

It's gradually brightening, gradually brightening; the night owls still don't want to sleep

2013, 陳子鴻 (lyrics and music), 暗光鳥, performed by 江蕙 (Jody Chiang)

thiⁿ-sek chiām-chiām kng, chiām-chiām kng, àm-kong-chiáu iá-bē ài khùn

天色漸漸光 漸漸光 暗光鳥還袂愛睏

天色渐渐光 渐渐光 暗光鸟还袂爱困

It's already so late, go sleep at once; do you want to be a night owl?

2020, 陳信宇 (lyrics and music), 罵, performed by 兔子先生

í-keng chin àm kín khùn, kám-kóng beh chò àm-kong-chiáu

已經真暗緊睏 敢講欲做暗光鳥

已经真暗紧困 敢讲欲做暗光鸟

(Hokkien) night owl; someone who goes to bed late (Classifier: 隻／只 mn)


游隼

/joʊ̯³⁵ su̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/joʊ̯³⁵ su̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


鳴角鴞

ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄠ

ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄠ

/miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

screech owl (North American owl belonging to the Megascops genus)


鳴角梟

ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄠ

ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄠ

/miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/miŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/


夜梟

/jɛ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jɛː²² hiːu̯⁵⁵/

/jɛ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jɛː²² hiːu̯⁵⁵/


兀鷹

/ŋɐt̚² jɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋɐt̚² jɪŋ⁵⁵/


鷲鳥

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐu̯²² niːu̯¹³/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐu̯²² niːu̯¹³/


兀鷲

/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/ŋɐt̚² t͡sɐu̯²²/

/u⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/ŋɐt̚² t͡sɐu̯²²/


鴣黃

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² ŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋ̍²³/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² uĩ¹³/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² ŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ ŋ̍²³/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² uĩ¹³/

And the little owl, and the cormorant, and the great owl, And the swan, and the pelican, and the gier eagle, And the stork, the heron after her kind, and the lapwing, and the bat.

1933, 巴克禮譯本 (Barclay Amoy Romanized Bible), 利未記 (Leviticus) 11:17–19; Chinese characters from 1996, 台語漢字本聖經

Àm-kong-chiáu, lô͘-chî, ko͘-n̂g, niau-thâu-eng, thê-ô͘, chhàu-thâu-eng, ho̍h, pe̍h-lēng-si kap i ê lūi, tì-kè-chiáu, kap pián-hok.

暗光鳥、鸕鶿、鴣黃、貓頭鷹、鵜鶘、臭頭鷹、鶴、白鷺鷥及伊的類，戴鵀鳥，及蝙蝠。

暗光鸟、鸬鹚、鸪黄、猫头鹰、鹈鹕、臭头鹰、鹤、白鹭鸶及伊的类，戴𬸊鸟，及蝙蝠。


貓頭鳥

/mɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴⁻³³ t͡siau⁵³/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³⁻³³ t͡siau⁴¹/

/ŋiau³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siau⁵²/

/mɒu̯³³ təu̯¹³ ti̯ɒu̯⁴¹/

/mɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ ni̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴⁻³³ t͡siau⁵³/

/niãu⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³⁻³³ t͡siau⁴¹/

/ŋiau³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siau⁵²/

/mɒu̯³³ təu̯¹³ ti̯ɒu̯⁴¹/

(dialectal, including Hakka, Shehua, Hokkien, Teochew, Xiang, Lechang Tuhua) owl


麻鷹

/maː²¹ jɪŋ⁵⁵/

/maː²¹ jɪŋ⁵⁵/

(chiefly Cantonese) black kite; (loosely) eagle (Classifier: 隻／只)


貓王鳥

猫王鸟
麥黃鳥
貓魂鳥:mà

/ma⁵³⁻³³ uoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((t͡s-))ʒɛu³³/

/ma⁵³⁻³³ uoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((t͡s-))ʒɛu³³/


鵂鶹

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/jɐu̯⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/jɐu̯⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/


鵋䳢

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


夜哇子

(Changsha Xiang) crow that often calls at night (traditionally used to predict weather)


蒼鷹

/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ iŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ jɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ iŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ jɪŋ⁵⁵/


雪鴞

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Bubo scandiacus
Bubo scandiacus#Translingual


崖鷹

/ŋaːi̯²¹ jɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋai̯¹¹ in⁴⁴⁵/

/ŋaːi̯²¹ jɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋai̯¹¹ in⁴⁴⁵/

(Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Xiang) eagle


貓哭鳥

/mɒu̯³³ kʰu²⁴ ti̯ɒu̯⁴¹/

/mɒu̯³³ kʰu²⁴ ti̯ɒu̯⁴¹/


雕鴞

/ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tiːu̯⁵⁵ hiːu̯⁵⁵/

/ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tiːu̯⁵⁵ hiːu̯⁵⁵/


坐山雕

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵ ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/


鴣黃貓

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² m̩²⁴⁻²² niãu⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² m̩²⁴⁻²² niãu⁴⁴/


紅隼

/xʊŋ³⁵ su̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡sɵn³⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ su̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ²¹ t͡sɵn³⁵/

Falco tinnunculus
Falco tinnunculus#Translingual


新禿鷹

/ɕin⁵⁵ tʰu⁵⁵ iŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ tʰu⁵⁵ iŋ⁵⁵/


鵰鴞

/ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/


哭鳥

/kʰu¹¹ ti̯ɑʊ̯³³/

/kʰu¹¹ ti̯ɑʊ̯³³/