蒜

→ Lisu: ꓢꓪꓮꓠꓸ (swɑ́n)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sloːns): semantic 艸 + phonetic 祘 (OC *sloːns).
Matisoff considers this to be derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *swa-n (“garlic”), but more likely this may be a plant imported from the Western Regions in the Qin–Han era. The relatively late attestation and the earlier form of 卵蒜 (luǎnsuàn) attest to the latter theory.
Compare Sanskrit लशुन (laśuna), Pali lasuṇa, lasuna. The Old Chinese reconstruction was revised to a *-or rhyme in the Baxter–Sagart system, akin to its homophone 算 (“to calculate”). Hence compare Persian سیر (sir, “garlic”), Khotanese sārmā- (“the plant Basella cordifolia or B. lucida or B. rubra”), Hungarian sárma (“Ornithogalum sp.”), as well as Turkish sarımsak, Mongolian саримс (sarims).
Either way this word is cognate with the second syllable of Burmese ကြက်သွန် (krakswan, “onion”), ကြက်သွန်ဖြူ (krakswanhpru, “garlic”).


洋蔥

→ Bouyei: yangfcungy

→ Zhuang: yangzcoeng

/jɑŋ³⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jiaŋ²² tʰɵŋ³³⁻²¹/

/i̯oŋ¹¹ t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/

/iɔŋ¹¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁴⁴/

/iɒ̃¹¹ t͡sʰuŋ¹¹/

/iũ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰaŋ³³/

/iũ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/iũ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/iũ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/iɔ̃¹³⁻²² t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/ɦiã²² t͡sʰoŋ⁴⁴/

/i̯æn¹³ t͡sʰʊŋ³³/

/i̯æn¹³ t͡sʰən³³/

/i̯an¹¹ t͡sʰɤŋ⁴⁴⁵/

/jɑŋ³⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jiaŋ²² tʰɵŋ³³⁻²¹/

/i̯oŋ¹¹ t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/

/iɔŋ¹¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁴⁴/

/iɒ̃¹¹ t͡sʰuŋ¹¹/

/iũ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰaŋ³³/

/iũ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/iũ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/iũ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/iɔ̃¹³⁻²² t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/ɦiã²² t͡sʰoŋ⁴⁴/

/i̯æn¹³ t͡sʰʊŋ³³/

/i̯æn¹³ t͡sʰən³³/

/i̯an¹¹ t͡sʰɤŋ⁴⁴⁵/

There is a sad story behind [this incident]

內有洋蔥

内有洋葱

(neologism, figurative) sad story; tearjerker


韭菜

desc

→ English: kuchay, kuchai, kutchay, koo chye

desctree

→ Malay: kucai
Indonesian: kucai
→ Pattani Malay: کوچا / กูจา

→ Mongolian: жууцай (žuucaj)

→ Kazakh: жұсай (jūsai)

→ Khmer: គូឆាយ (kuuchaay)

→ Russian: джусай (džusaj)

→ Tagalog: kutsay

→ Thai: กุยช่าย (gui-châai)

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕiəu⁵³ t͡sʰai²¹³/

/t͡ɕiɤu⁵³ t͡sʰæ/

/t͡ɕiəɯ¹¹ t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/

/kɐu̯³⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/kiu⁵⁵ tʰᵘɔi³³⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕiu²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sʰai¹/

/kiu²⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰoi¹¹/

/t͡ɕiəu⁵³ t͡sʰai⁴⁵/

/ku⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai¹¹/

/ku⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰai⁴¹/

/ku⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/

/ku⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/

/ku⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/

/ku⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰai²¹³/

/t͡ɕiɤ³³ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕy⁴⁴ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕiɵ⁴² t͡sʰɛ³³/

/ciɯ⁴⁴ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʏ⁵² t͡sʰe¹¹/

/t͡ɕiø⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛ²¹/

/t͡ɕiʏ³³ t͡sʰe³⁵/

/t͡ɕiəu⁴⁴ t͡sʰɛ²¹/

/t͡ɕiu⁵³ t͡sʰɛ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹ t͡sʰai̯⁴⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕiəu⁵³ t͡sʰai²¹³/

/t͡ɕiɤu⁵³ t͡sʰæ/

/t͡ɕiəɯ¹¹ t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/

/kɐu̯³⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/kiu⁵⁵ tʰᵘɔi³³⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕiu²¹³⁻²¹ t͡sʰai¹/

/kiu²⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰoi¹¹/

/t͡ɕiəu⁵³ t͡sʰai⁴⁵/

/ku⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai¹¹/

/ku⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰai⁴¹/

/ku⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/

/ku⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/

/ku⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/

/ku⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰai²¹³/

/t͡ɕiɤ³³ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕy⁴⁴ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕiɵ⁴² t͡sʰɛ³³/

/ciɯ⁴⁴ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʏ⁵² t͡sʰe¹¹/

/t͡ɕiø⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛ²¹/

/t͡ɕiʏ³³ t͡sʰe³⁵/

/t͡ɕiəu⁴⁴ t͡sʰɛ²¹/

/t͡ɕiu⁵³ t͡sʰɛ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹ t͡sʰai̯⁴⁵/

The neologism sense comes from the fact that garlic chives are able to regrow after their part above the ground is cut off.

Allium tuberosum
Allium tuberosum#Translingual

garlic chive; Chinese chive; Chinese leek (Allium tuberosum)


玉蔥

/y⁵¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jʊk̚² t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/y⁵¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jʊk̚² t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

Alternative name for 洋蔥／洋葱 (yángcōng, “onion”).


火蔥

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/xo⁵³ t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/

/fɔː³⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/xo⁵³ t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/

/fɔː³⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

Allium ascalonicum
Allium ascalonicum#Translingual


細香蔥

/ɕi⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯³³ hœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯³³ hœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

Allium schoenoprasum
Allium schoenoprasum#Translingual


蝦夷蔥

/ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ i³⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/haː⁵⁵ jiː²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ i³⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/haː⁵⁵ jiː²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/


大蔥

/tä⁵¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/da²² t͡sʰoŋ⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/da²² t͡sʰoŋ⁴⁴/

Allium fistulosum
Allium fistulosum#Translingual

(Singapore Hokkien and Teochew) onion (Allium cepa)


青蔥

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/


北蔥

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰaŋ³³/

/pak̚³²⁻³ t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰaŋ³³/

/pak̚³²⁻³ t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/


大蔥頭

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰuŋ²⁴ tʰeu̯¹¹/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰuŋ²⁴ tʰeu̯¹¹/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴/


風蔥

/huaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/huaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/


望蓋仔蔥

/baŋ²²⁻¹² kai¹²⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³⁻²⁴ t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/baŋ²²⁻¹² kai¹²⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³⁻²⁴ t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/


蔥仔

/t͡sʰuŋ²⁴ e³¹/

/t͡sʰuŋ⁵³ ə⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/t͡sʰaŋ³³ a⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/t͡sʰuŋ²⁴ e³¹/

/t͡sʰuŋ⁵³ ə⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/t͡sʰaŋ³³ a⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

(Hakka, Hokkien, dialectal Cantonese) green onion; spring onion; scallion


韭仔

(Northern Min) garlic chives; Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum)


荷蘭蔥

/ho¹¹ lan¹¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁴⁴/

/ho¹¹ lan¹¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁴⁴/


野蒜

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (野蒜):
* → Japanese: 野蒜(のびる) (nobiru)
* → Korean: 야산(野蒜) (yasan)

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ su̯än⁵¹/

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ su̯än⁵¹/


番仔蔥

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² a³¹⁻²² t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² a³¹⁻²² t͡sʰaŋ⁴⁴/