馬

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (馬):
* → Japanese: 馬(ば) (ba)
* → Korean: 마(馬) (ma)
* → Vietnamese: mã (馬, “(xiangqi) horse; (chess) knight”)

desctree

→ Proto-Tai: *maːꟲ (“horse”)
Northern Tai
Bouyei: max
Zhuang: max
Central Tai
Tày: mạ
Nùng: mạ
Nong Zhuang: max
Proto-Southwestern Tai:
Ahom: 𑜉𑜠 (ma), 𑜉𑜡 (mā), 𑜉𑜡𑜠 (māa)
Thai: ม้า (máa)
Northern Thai: ᨾ᩶ᩣ
Lao: ມ້າ (mā)
Lü: ᦙᦱᧉ (maa²)
Tai Dam: ꪣ꫁ꪱ
Shan: မႃႉ (mâ̰a)
Tai Nüa: ᥛᥣᥳ (mȧa)

desc

→ Thai: เบ๊ (bée, “horse”) (via Teochew)

Cursive script (East Asia)
Semi-cursive script

Pictogram (象形) – a horse with its head facing the left, showing a flowing mane in the wind. In the bronze inscriptions, the head was often simplified into an eye (目 (mù)). The legs eventually evolved into four dots (灬 (huǒ), unrelated to 火 (huǒ)).
Contrast with 鹿 (lù, “deer”), which saw a very different development, and 𢊁 (as in 薦 /荐 (jiàn)), which is a hybrid: it has the legs of 馬 (灬 (huǒ)) but the head of 鹿 (lù).
“Horse” – from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-m-raŋ ~ s-raŋ. The sense of “big” is derived from “horse”; compare the English uses of horse.
For the insect prefix sense, see 螞 /蚂. It has converged with the sense of “big”.
The surname is popularly known to be prevalent among Hui Muslims, where it is likely derived from Arabic مُحَمَّد (muḥammad, “Muhammad”), although the surname 馬 itself predates Islam.

马
𫠉
傌
𢒗
𢒠
𢒧
𩡬
𩡮
抹
碼

阿胡拉·馬茲達

Āhúlā Mǎzīdá

阿胡拉·马兹达

Āhúlā Mǎzīdá

馬斯特里赫特

Mǎsītèlǐhètè


翰

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns): phonetic 倝 (OC *kaːns) + semantic 羽 (“feather”).


駤

Alternative form of 騺 /𱅊 (zhì, “unable to move because of being weighed down”)


驖

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l̥ʰiːɡ, *l'iːɡ): semantic 馬 + phonetic 𢧜 ().
Perhaps related to 鐵 (OC *l̥ʰiːɡ, “iron”) as both may be derived from the etymon "black".

Han compound

His four iron-black horses are burly; The six reins are in the hand (of the charioteer).

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

駟驖孔阜、六轡在手。

驷𬴋孔阜、六辔在手。


驍

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋkeːw): semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).


駢

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *beːn): semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs)


驥

骥
蘎
龭
𩦸
𩥉
𧁳
𲎎
𱄮

(literary) horse that can travel 1000 li in a day; fine steed


驨

a mythical beast like a horse with a deer's antler


駒

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ko): semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo).
Ultimately from Sanskrit घोट (ghoṭa), घोड (ghoḍa) (see घोटक (ghoṭaka) for Indo-Aryan descendants), which has been borrowed into many Sino-Tibetan languages; cognate with Proto-Tani *kɯ, Mizo sa-kawr (STEDT 6023).
Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this to 狗 (OC *koːʔ, “dog; puppy”), 羔 (OC *kluː, “lamb”), 𤘽 (“calf”).


騾

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *roːl): semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 累 (OC *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols). Written as 驘 in Shuowen.

Han compound

骡
*驘
*臝
䯁
𩦻
𩧣

Viscount Jian of Zhao had two white mules which he liked very much.

Lü Buwei, Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE

Zhào Jiǎnzǐ yǒu liǎng bái luó ér shèn ài zhī.

趙簡子有兩白騾而甚愛之。

赵简子有两白骡而甚爱之。

mule (offspring of a donkey and a horse, sometimes specifically the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse) (Classifier: 匹 m; 頭／头 m; 隻／只 mn)


驢

→ Vietnamese: lừa

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *b·ra): semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː).

Han compound

donkey; ass (Classifier: 頭／头 m; 條／条 m; 匹 m; 隻／只 c mn)


斑馬

/pän⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pan²⁴⁻¹¹ ma²⁴/

/pan⁴⁴⁻²² be⁴²/

/pan⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁴¹/

/pan⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁵³/

/pan⁴⁴⁻²² be⁵³/

/pan⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/pan⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/

/paŋ³³⁻²³ be⁵²/

/pän⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pan²⁴⁻¹¹ ma²⁴/

/pan⁴⁴⁻²² be⁴²/

/pan⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁴¹/

/pan⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁵³/

/pan⁴⁴⁻²² be⁵³/

/pan⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/pan⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/

/paŋ³³⁻²³ be⁵²/


馬鹿

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu⁵¹/

/maː¹³ lʊk̚²⁻³⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu⁵¹/

/maː¹³ lʊk̚²⁻³⁵/


駿馬

/t͡ɕyn⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɵn³³ maː¹³/

/t͡sun¹¹⁻⁵³ mã⁵³/

/t͡sun²¹⁻⁵³ mã⁵³/

/t͡sun²¹⁻⁴¹ mã⁴¹/

/t͡sun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ mã⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sun²¹⁻⁵³ be⁵³/

/t͡sun²¹⁻⁵³ bɛ⁵³/

/t͡ɕyn⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɵn³³ maː¹³/

/t͡sun¹¹⁻⁵³ mã⁵³/

/t͡sun²¹⁻⁵³ mã⁵³/

/t͡sun²¹⁻⁴¹ mã⁴¹/

/t͡sun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ mã⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sun²¹⁻⁵³ be⁵³/

/t͡sun²¹⁻⁵³ bɛ⁵³/


龍馬

/lʊŋ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ²¹ maː¹³/

/lʊŋ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ²¹ maː¹³/

(astronomy) Alternative name for 房 (Fáng, “Room (constellation)”).


鞍轡

/ˀän⁵⁵ pʰeɪ̯⁵¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ pʰeɪ̯⁵¹/


騾子

→ Guiqiong: lhuotsi

→ Mongolian: ᠯᠠᠭᠤᠰᠠ (laɣusa)

Khalkha Mongolian: луус (luus)

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/lɵy̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/lɔː²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/lɵy̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/lɔː²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

mule (offspring of a donkey and a horse) (Classifier: 匹 m; 頭／头 m)


馬場

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/maː¹³ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiũ²³/

/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɔ̃¹³/

/bɛ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ tiãu²³/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/maː¹³ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiũ²³/

/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɔ̃¹³/

/bɛ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ tiãu²³/

horse racing venue; horse racing course; horse racing tracks

(literary) pastureland for raising horses


馬場

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/maː¹³ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiũ²³/

/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɔ̃¹³/

/bɛ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ tiãu²³/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/maː¹³ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiũ²³/

/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɔ̃¹³/

/bɛ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ tiãu²³/

(～鎮) Machang (name of various towns in China)

(～村) Machang (name of various villages in China)

(～村) Machang (a village in Mawan, Tianmen, Hubei, China)


設得蘭矮種馬

设得兰矮种马
設德蘭矮種馬

ㄕㄜˋ ㄉㄜˊ ㄌㄢˊ ㄞˇ ㄓㄨㄥˇ ㄇㄚˇ

Шэдэлань айчжунма

/ʂɤ⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ län³⁵ ˀaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


設德蘭矮種馬

设德兰矮种马
設得蘭矮種馬

ㄕㄜˋ ˙ㄉㄜ ㄌㄢˊ ㄞˇ ㄓㄨㄥˇ ㄇㄚˇ

Шэдэлань айчжунма

/ʂɤ⁵¹ d̥ə¹ län³⁵ ˀaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


牝馬

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (牝馬):
* → Japanese: 牝(ひん)馬(ば) (hinba)
* → Korean: 빈마(牝馬) (binma)

/pʰin⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰɐn¹³ maː¹³/

/pin²²⁻²¹ mã⁵³/

/pʰin⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰɐn¹³ maː¹³/

/pin²²⁻²¹ mã⁵³/


驊騮

/xu̯ä³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/xu̯ä³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

Hualiu, Qiji, Xianli, and Lü'er; those are the fine steeds of yore.

Huáliú, Qíjì, Xiānlí, Lǜ'ěr, cǐ jiē gǔ zhī liángmǎ yě.

驊騮、騹驥、纖離、綠耳，此皆古之良馬也。

骅骝、𬴆骥、纤离、绿耳，此皆古之良马也。

(historical) Hualiu (one of eight horses owned by King Mu of Zhou)


韁繩

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ²/

/kœːŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ²/

/kœːŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹⁻³⁵/


驢馬

(Wenzhounese) mule (offspring of a donkey and a horse)


馬廄

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/maː¹³ kɐu̯³³/

/ma⁵³ t͡ɕiəu⁴⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/maː¹³ kɐu̯³³/

/ma⁵³ t͡ɕiəu⁴⁵/

stable (building for lodging and feeding horses) (Classifier: 座)


馬棚

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵/

/maː¹³ pʰaːŋ²¹/

/ma̠⁴¹ pʰʊŋ¹³/

/ma̠⁴¹ pʰən¹³/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰɤŋ³⁵/

/maː¹³ pʰaːŋ²¹/

/ma̠⁴¹ pʰʊŋ¹³/

/ma̠⁴¹ pʰən¹³/


騎手

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɛː²¹ sɐu̯³⁵/

/kʰia⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu⁵²/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɛː²¹ sɐu̯³⁵/

/kʰia⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu⁵²/


馬蹬

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤŋ⁵¹/

/maː¹³ tɐŋ⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤŋ⁵¹/

/maː¹³ tɐŋ⁵⁵/


馬銜

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/


駃騠

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (駃騠):
* → Japanese: 駃騠(けってい) (kettei)
* → Korean: 결제(駃騠) (gyeolje), 쾌제(駃騠) (kwaeje)

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ tʰi³⁵/

/kʰyːt̚³ tʰɐi̯²¹/

/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ tʰi³⁵/

/kʰyːt̚³ tʰɐi̯²¹/

Pulleyblank (1962) proposes a Yeniseian origin; he compares it to Ket [script needed] (kus), Kott [Term?] (huś), Pumpokol [Term?] (kut) ~ kus, all descending from Proto-Yeniseian *kuʔs (“horse”).
Schuessler (2007) notes similarity to Tocharian B yakwe (“horse”).


騾馬

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔː²¹ maː¹³/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔː²¹ maː¹³/

(Wuming Mandarin, Guangxi Yue) mule (offspring of a donkey and a horse, especially a male donkey and a female horse)


福祿

Phono-semantic matching
Zheng He
treasure voyages

According to the Stele of Record of Tianfei Showing Her Presence and Power (天妃靈應之記碑) in Fujian detailing the Ming-era, Zheng He-led treasure voyages, the zebra, or the “speckled fu-lu” (花福祿), along with the lion (獅子 /狮子 (shīzi)), were exotic tributes by the “State of Mu-gu-du-shu” (木骨都束國), i.e. modern-day Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia. This word is thus a phono-semantic matching, making use of the semantics of Etymology 1 to adapt a foreign name, likely Somali farow (“zebra”); compare Arabic فَرَأ (faraʔ), فَراء (farāʔ, “onager; wild ass”).

/fʊk̚⁵ lʊk̚²/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ lɔk̚⁴/

/hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ lɔk̚²⁴/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ lɔk̚¹²¹/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ lɔk̚⁴/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ lɔk̚⁴/

/fʊk̚⁵ lʊk̚²/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ lɔk̚⁴/

/hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ lɔk̚²⁴/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ lɔk̚¹²¹/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ lɔk̚⁴/

/hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ lɔk̚⁴/


鐵馬

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːt̚³ maː¹³/

/tʰi(ʔ)²⁻⁵³ be⁵³/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ be⁵³/

/tʰi(ʔ)⁵⁻⁵³ be⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ mã⁵³/

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːt̚³ maː¹³/

/tʰi(ʔ)²⁻⁵³ be⁵³/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ be⁵³/

/tʰi(ʔ)⁵⁻⁵³ be⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ mã⁵³/

Later, the riot police used mills barriers and water cannon anti-riot vehicles to separate the demonstrators into smaller groups, forcing the demonstration to end.

2007 May 2, 安琦, 澳門反貪遊行 警方武力鎮壓, in 大紀元時報 (Epoch Times)

hau⁶ loi⁴ fong⁴ bou⁶ ging² deoi⁶⁻² jung⁶ tit³ maa⁵ kap⁶ fong⁴ bou⁶ seoi² ce¹ zoeng¹ jau⁴ hang⁴ deoi⁶ ng⁵ gaak³ hoi¹ jat¹ kwan⁴ jat¹ kwan⁴, koeng⁵ hang⁴ zung¹ zi² jau⁴ hang⁴.

後來防暴警隊用鐵馬及防暴水車將遊行隊伍隔開一群一群，強行終止遊行。

后来防暴警队用铁马及防暴水车将游行队伍隔开一群一群，强行终止游行。

In an attempt to force their way into the Complex, the protesters damaged the security facilities of the Complex, forcibly pulled away the mills barriers placed in the demonstration area outside the Complex, and tried to pry open the doors with bamboo poles.

2014 June 18, 立法會急切質詢二題：協助立法會應對嚴重保安問題或緊急情況 (LC Urgent Q2: Render assistance to LegCo in its response to serious security problems or emergencies)

si⁶ wai¹ ze² wai⁶ cong² jap⁶ daai⁶ lau⁴, po³ waai⁶ daai⁶ lau⁴ dik¹ bou² on¹ cit³ si¹, koeng⁵ hang⁴ laai¹ zau² gaa³ jyu¹ daai⁶ lau⁴ ngoi⁶ si⁶ wai¹ keoi¹ dik¹ tit³ maa⁵, jau⁶ ji⁵ zuk¹ gon¹ si³ tou⁴ giu⁶ hoi¹ daai⁶ mun⁴.

示威者為闖入大樓，破壞大樓的保安設施，強行拉走架於大樓外示威區的鐵馬，又以竹竿試圖撬開大門。

示威者为闯入大楼，破坏大楼的保安设施，强行拉走架于大楼外示威区的铁马，又以竹竿试图撬开大门。

crowd control barrier
crowd control barrier

(chiefly Cantonese) mills barrier; crowd control barrier (made of metal) (Classifier: 個／个 c)


花斑馬

/hue⁴⁴⁻²² pan⁴⁴⁻²² be⁵³/

/hue⁴⁴⁻²² pan⁴⁴⁻²² be⁴²/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ pan⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁵³/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ pan⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁴¹/

/hue⁴⁴⁻²² pan⁴⁴⁻²² be⁵³/

/hue⁴⁴⁻²² pan⁴⁴⁻²² be⁴²/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ pan⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁵³/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ pan⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁴¹/

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


花條馬

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ tiau²⁴⁻¹¹ be⁵³/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ tiau²³⁻³³ be⁴¹/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ tiau²⁴⁻¹¹ be⁵³/

/hue⁴⁴⁻³³ tiau²³⁻³³ be⁴¹/

(Taiwanese Hokkien) zebra (Classifier: 隻／只 mn)


騏驎

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ lin³⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ lɵn²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ lin³⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ lɵn²¹/

Fenghuang and qilin are omens of universal peace. In time of universal peace one will see them arrive.

Wang Chong, Lun Heng (Discussive Weighing), 80 CE, translated based on Alfred Forke's version

Fènghuáng, qílín, tàipíng zhī ruì yě. Tàipíng zhī jì, jiàn láizhì yě.

鳳皇、騏驎，太平之瑞也。太平之際，見來至也。

凤皇、骐𬴊，太平之瑞也。太平之际，见来至也。


阿拉伯馬

ㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄛˊ ㄇㄚˇ

/ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ maː¹³/

/ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ paːk̚³ maː¹³/


騸馬

Sino-Xenic (騸馬):
* → Japanese: 騸(せん)馬(ば) (senba)
* → Korean: 선마(騸馬) (seonma)

/ʂän⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂän⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

gelding (castrated male horse) (Classifier: 匹 m)


馬鐙

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤŋ⁵¹/

/maː¹³ tɐŋ³³/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ²¹/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiɪŋ⁴¹/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ²¹/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ¹¹/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ²¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤŋ⁵¹/

/maː¹³ tɐŋ³³/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ²¹/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiɪŋ⁴¹/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ²¹/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ¹¹/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɪŋ²¹/


駒子

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/kʰɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/kʰɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/


平頭

/pʰiŋ³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/


騏驥

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ kʰei̯³³/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/kʰei̯²¹ kʰei̯³³/

The (horses) Qi-ji and Hua-liu could in one day gallop 1000 li, but for catching rats they were not equal to a wild dog or a weasel - the gifts of creatures are different.

Qíjì huáliú, yīrì ér chí qiānlǐ, bǔ shǔ bùrú lílíshēng, yán shūjì yě.

騏驥驊騮，一日而馳千里，捕鼠不如狸狌，言殊技也。

骐骥骅骝，一日而驰千里，捕鼠不如狸狌，言殊技也。

Qíjì yī yuè, bùnéng shí bù; númǎ shí jià, gōng zài bù shè.

騏驥一躍，不能十步；駑馬十駕，功在不舍。

骐骥一跃，不能十步；驽马十驾，功在不舍。

The Verses of Chu, 4ᵗʰ century BCE – 2ⁿᵈ century CE

Chéng qíjì yǐ chíchěng xī, lái wú dào fū xiān lù.

乘騏驥以馳騁兮，來吾道夫先路。

乘骐骥以驰骋兮，来吾道夫先路。


馬騾

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/maː¹³ lɔː²¹/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo²⁴/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/maː¹³ lɔː²¹/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo²⁴/

mule (offspring of a male donkey and female horse) (Classifier: 匹 m; 頭／头 m)


馬錶

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ piːu̯³⁵⁻⁵⁵/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pio⁵⁵⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pio⁵³/

/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pio⁵³/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ piːu̯³⁵⁻⁵⁵/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pio⁵⁵⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pio⁵³/

/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pio⁵³/

Originally used in horse racing, thus its name.


賽馬

/saɪ̯⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ maː¹³/

/sai¹¹⁻⁵³ be⁵³/

/sai²¹⁻⁴¹ be⁴¹/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ be⁵³/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ mã⁵³/

/sai²¹⁻⁴¹ mã⁴¹/

/sai¹¹⁻⁵³ mã⁵³/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ maː¹³/

/sai¹¹⁻⁵³ be⁵³/

/sai²¹⁻⁴¹ be⁴¹/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ be⁵³/

/sai²¹⁻⁵³ mã⁵³/

/sai²¹⁻⁴¹ mã⁴¹/

/sai¹¹⁻⁵³ mã⁵³/


野馬

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɛː¹³ maː¹³/

/i̯a²⁴⁻¹¹ ma²⁴/

/ia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/

/ia⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ be⁵⁵⁴/

/ia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/

/ia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/

/ia⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ be⁴¹/

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɛː¹³ maː¹³/

/i̯a²⁴⁻¹¹ ma²⁴/

/ia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/

/ia⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ be⁵⁵⁴/

/ia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/

/ia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/

/ia⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ be⁴¹/

We have in it these words: 'When the peng is removing to the Southern Ocean it flaps (its wings) on the water for 3000 li. Then it ascends on a whirlwind 90,000 li, and it rests only at the end of six months.' (But similar to this is the movement of the breezes which we call) the horses of the fields, of the dust (which quivers in the sunbeams), and of living things as they are blown against one another by the air.'

Xié zhī yán yuē: “Péng zhī xǐ yú nánmíng yě, shuǐ jī sānqiān lǐ, tuán fú yáo ér shàng zhě jiǔwàn lǐ, qù yǐ liùyuè xī zhě yě.” Yěmǎ yě, chén'āi yě, shēngwù zhī yǐ xī xiāng chuī yě.

諧之言曰：「鵬之徙於南冥也，水擊三千里，摶扶搖而上者九萬里，去以六月息者也。」野馬也，塵埃也，生物之以息相吹也。

谐之言曰：「鹏之徙于南冥也，水击三千里，抟扶摇而上者九万里，去以六月息者也。」野马也，尘埃也，生物之以息相吹也。

(archaic) water vapour, floating clouds or dust in the fields


馬公

/maː¹³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ma̠⁴¹ kʊŋ³³/

/ma̠⁴¹ kən³³/

/maː¹³ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ma̠⁴¹ kʊŋ³³/

/ma̠⁴¹ kən³³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Dongguan Cantonese Hakka, Eastern Min, Hokkien, Xiang) male horse; stallion


種馬

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʊŋ³⁵ maː¹³/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ be⁴¹/

/t͡siɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʊŋ³⁵ maː¹³/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ be⁴¹/

/t͡siɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/


駑駘

/nu³⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/nu³⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

(literary) mediocre person; mediocrity; incompetency


驢騾

/ly³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ly³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/


馬仔

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/ᵐba²¹ tᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ a⁴¹/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a⁵⁵⁴/

/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/ᵐba²¹ tᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ a⁴¹/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ a⁵⁵⁴/

/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ a⁵³/

(Southwestern Mandarin, Cantonese, Northern Min, Southern Min, Hunan Tuhua) foal (Classifier: 隻／只 c)

(Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka) horse

1975, “《小販》” (11:25 from the start), in 《靜默的革命》 [The Quiet Revolution], episode 1:

I will introduction you to them and tell them that you, Cheung, is Big Brother Wah's most competent underling.

ngo⁵ wui⁵ gaai³ siu⁶ keoi⁵ dei⁶ sik¹, nei⁵ aa³ coeng¹ go¹ hai⁶ daai⁶ go¹ waa⁴ zeoi³ dak¹ lik⁶ ge³ maa⁵ zai².

我會介紹佢哋識，你阿昌哥係大哥華最得力嘅馬仔。

我会介绍佢哋识，你阿昌哥系大哥华最得力嘅马仔。

(originally Cantonese) gang follower; gang member (Classifier: 個／个 c)


大宛

/tä⁵¹ ɥɛn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ɥɛn⁵⁵/

Pulleyblank (1966, pp. 22, 27) notices that the "old" suggestion based on the name of Greeks – cf. Ancient Greek Ἴων (Íōn, “Ionian”), Sanskrit यवन (yavana) – had been unsatisfactory, an observation also acknowledged by Yu (1998, p. 68); see references therein. Possible Indo-Iranian origin and cognacy with the Ancient Greek word-forms Τόχαροι (Tókharoi) or Τάχοροι (Tákhoroi) have been suggested; see etymologies thereof.

(historical) Dayuan (an ancient country in Central Asia)


大宛

/tä⁵¹ ɥɛn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ɥɛn⁵⁵/


汗血馬

ㄏㄢˋ ㄒㄩㄝˋ ㄇㄚˇ

ㄏㄢˋ ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄇㄚˇ

ㄏㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄝˇ ㄇㄚˇ

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xän⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xän⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːn²² hyːt̚³ maː¹³/

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xän⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xän⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːn²² hyːt̚³ maː¹³/


騍馬

/kʰɤ⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰuə⁴⁴ ma²⁴/

/fɔː³³ maː¹³/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰuə⁴⁴ ma²⁴/

/fɔː³³ maː¹³/


千里馬

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ maː¹³/

/t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ be⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mã⁴¹/

/t͡sʰõĩ³³⁻²³ li⁵²⁻³⁵ be⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ maː¹³/

/t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ be⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mã⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mã⁴¹/

/t͡sʰõĩ³³⁻²³ li⁵²⁻³⁵ be⁵²⁻²¹/

Chollima (a mythical Korean winged horse)


騊駼

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/tʰou̯²¹ tʰou̯²¹/

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/tʰou̯²¹ tʰou̯²¹/

Loanword of uncertain origin. Schuessler (2014) reconstructed its pronunciation as *lû-lâ > *dou-dɑ

Their (the Xiongnu's) livestock are mainly horses, oxen, and sheep; their peculiar livestock are camels, donkeys, mules, jueti, taotu, and tuoxi.

The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

Qí xù zhī suǒ duō zé mǎ, niú, yáng, qí qí xù zé luòtuó, lǘ, luó, juétí, táotú, tuóxí.

其畜之所多則馬、牛、羊，其奇畜則橐駞、驢、驘、駃騠、騊駼、騨騱。

其畜之所多则马、牛、羊，其奇畜则橐驼、驴、骡、𫘝𫘨、𫘦𬳿、騨𫘬。

a kind of good horses from the northern steppe


馬圈

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛn⁵¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛn⁵¹/


馬房

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ³⁵/

/maː¹³ fɔːŋ²¹/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ paŋ²⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ paŋ²³/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ paŋ²⁴/

/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ paŋ¹³/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ³⁵/

/maː¹³ fɔːŋ²¹/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ paŋ²⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ paŋ²³/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ paŋ²⁴/

/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ paŋ¹³/


馬乸

/maː¹³ naː³⁵/

/maː¹³ naː³⁵/

(Cantonese) female horse; mare (Classifier: 隻／只 c)


車馬

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/kɵy̯⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/kɵy̯⁵⁵ maː¹³/


驌驦

/su⁵¹ ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sʊk̚⁵ sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/su⁵¹ ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sʊk̚⁵ sœːŋ⁵⁵/


馬母

/ma³³⁻³⁵ mo³³/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bu⁵³/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bu⁵⁵⁴/

/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bo⁵³/

/bɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ bo⁵²/

/ma³³⁻³⁵ mo³³/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bu⁵³/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bu⁵⁵⁴/

/bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bo⁵³/

/bɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ bo⁵²/

(Eastern Min, Southern Min) female horse; mare


母馬

/mu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


賽馬場

/saɪ̯⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ maː¹³ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ maː¹³ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

racecourse; racetrack (for horse racing)


馬駒

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/


馬牯

/ma⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ku³¹/

/ma⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ku³¹/

(dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, Northern Min) male horse; stallion


兒馬

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²¹ maː¹³/

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²¹ maː¹³/


騷馬

/sɑʊ̯⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɑʊ̯⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


雄馬

/ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ²¹ maː¹³/

/ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ²¹ maː¹³/


雌馬

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiː⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiː⁵⁵ maː¹³/


公馬

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ maː¹³/


跑馬地

/pʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/pʰaːu̯³⁵ maː¹³ tei̯²²⁻³⁵/

/pʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹/

/pʰaːu̯³⁵ maː¹³ tei̯²²⁻³⁵/

Happy Valley (a residential area in Hong Kong)


馬鼻

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi³⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi³⁵/

贏個馬鼻

赢个马鼻


馬婆

/ma̠⁴¹ pʰo¹³/

/ma̠⁴¹ pʰo¹³/


馬婆子

/ma̠⁴¹ pʰo¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/mä³³ b̥o¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/ma̠⁴¹ pʰo¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/mä³³ b̥o¹¹ t͡sz̩³/


馬公子

/ma̠⁴¹ kʊŋ³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ma̠⁴¹ kən³³ t͡sz̩³/

/mä³³ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/ma̠⁴¹ kʊŋ³³ t͡sz̩³/

/ma̠⁴¹ kən³³ t͡sz̩³/

/mä³³ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/


母驢子

(dialectal Mandarin, Xiang) female donkey


母驢

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ly³⁵/

/mou̯¹³ lɵy̯²¹/

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ly³⁵/

/mou̯¹³ lɵy̯²¹/


叫驢子

/t͡ɕi̯ɒu̯⁴⁵ li¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɒu̯⁴⁵ li¹³ t͡sz̩³/

(dialectal Mandarin) male donkey; male ass


驢兒

(Jin, Wenzhounese) donkey; ass (a domestic animal)


公驢

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ly³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ lɵy̯²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ly³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ lɵy̯²¹/


公驢子

/koŋ⁵⁵ nu²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/kʊŋ³³ li¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/koŋ⁵⁵ nu²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/kʊŋ³³ li¹³ t͡sz̩³/


驢牯

/lɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kou⁵²/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kou⁵²/

(Lichuan Gan, Hakka, Northern Min, Teochew) jack; male donkey


馬嫲

/ma⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ma¹¹/

/ma⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ma¹¹/

(Hakka, Northern Min) female horse; mare


騾仔

/lɵy̯²¹ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/lɔː²¹ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/lɔ³³ t͡siɛ²¹/

/lo²⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/le²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/lɵy̯²¹ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/lɔː²¹ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/lɔ³³ t͡siɛ²¹/

/lo²⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/le²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/

(Cantonese, Hakka, Northern Min, Hokkien) mule (offspring of a donkey and a horse)


騄駬

/lu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

The steeds of the Son of Heaven are: Chiji, Daoli, Baiyi, Yulun, Shanzi, Quhuang, Hualiu, and Lü'er.

The Tale of King Mu, Son of Heaven, c. 370 – 330 BCE

Tiānzǐ zhī jùn: Chìjì, Dàolí, Báiyì, Yúlún, Shānzǐ, Qúhuáng, Huáliú, Lǜ'ěr.

天子之駿：赤驥、盜驪、白義、踰輪、山子、渠黃、華騮、綠耳。

天子之骏：赤骥、盗骊、白义、逾轮、山子、渠黄、华骝、绿耳。


驢港

/l̃œ⁵³⁻³³ køyŋ³³/

/l̃œ⁵³⁻³³ køyŋ³³/


草驢

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ly³⁵/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ly³⁵/

(chiefly Mandarin, Jin, colloquial) female donkey


驢母

/l̃œ⁵³⁻³³ mo³³/

/lu²⁴⁻²² bu⁵³/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ bo⁵²/

/l̃œ⁵³⁻³³ mo³³/

/lu²⁴⁻²² bu⁵³/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ bo⁵²/

(Southern Min, Eastern Min) female donkey


馬票

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/maː¹³ piːu̯⁵⁵/

/bɛ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ pio³³/

/be⁴²⁻²⁴ pio⁴⁴/

/be⁵²⁻³⁵ pʰio³³/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/maː¹³ piːu̯⁵⁵/

/bɛ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ pio³³/

/be⁴²⁻²⁴ pio⁴⁴/

/be⁵²⁻³⁵ pʰio³³/


烏騅馬

Sino-Xenic (烏騅馬):
* → Japanese: 烏騅馬(うすいば) (usuiba)
* → Korean: 오추마(烏騅馬) (ochuma)

/u⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wuː⁵⁵ t͡sɵy̯⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/ou³³⁻²³ t͡sui³³⁻²³ be⁵²/

/u⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wuː⁵⁵ t͡sɵy̯⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/ou³³⁻²³ t͡sui³³⁻²³ be⁵²/

(historical, literary) black piebald steed, famously ridden by Xiang Yu


讓賽

/ʐɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ saɪ̯⁵¹/

/jœːŋ²² t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/ʐɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ saɪ̯⁵¹/

/jœːŋ²² t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/


好至黏地

(Hong Kong, horse racing) good to soft ground


好至快地

/hou̯³⁵ t͡siː³³ faːi̯³³ tei̯²²/

/hou̯³⁵ t͡siː³³ faːi̯³³ tei̯²²/

(Hong Kong, horse racing) good to firm ground


檔位

/tɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/tɔːŋ³³ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/tɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯⁵¹/

/tɔːŋ³³ wɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/


搶口

/t͡sʰœːŋ³⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ³⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

(Cantonese, horse racing, of a horse) to root (tug or pull at the reins aggressively by driving the head downwards while wearing a bit)


科卡士

/fɔː⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ siː²²⁻³⁵/

/fɔː⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵ siː²²⁻³⁵/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, horse racing, gambling, dated) forecast


披士

/pʰei̯⁵⁵ siː²²⁻³⁵/

/pʰei̯⁵⁵ siː²²⁻³⁵/

(Hong Kong Cantonese, horse racing, gambling) place (position)


驢乸

/lɵy̯²¹ naː³⁵/

/lɵy̯²¹ naː³⁵/


母騾

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/


公騾

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/


驢駒子

/ly³⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/lɵy̯²¹ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/lou̯²¹ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰu³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ⁵²/

/ly³⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/lɵy̯²¹ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/lou̯²¹ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰu³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ⁵²/


驢公

/lɵy̯²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lu²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/lɵy̯²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lu²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

(Cantonese, Hokkien) male donkey; male ass


騍驢

/kʰɤ⁵¹ ly³⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ ly³⁵/

(chiefly Northeastern Mandarin) female donkey


小驢

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ly³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lyə̯ɻ³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ly³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lyə̯ɻ³⁵/


驢駒

/ly³⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/ly³⁵ t͡ɕyə̯ɻ⁵⁵/

/lɵy̯²¹ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/lou̯²¹ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰu³³/

/ly³⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/ly³⁵ t͡ɕyə̯ɻ⁵⁵/

/lɵy̯²¹ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/lou̯²¹ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰu³³/


驢子公子

/ly¹¹ t͡sz̩³ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/ly¹¹ t͡sz̩³ kɤŋ⁴⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/