鱉

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ped): phonetic 敝 (OC *beds, *bed) + semantic 魚.

Han compound

Pelodiscus sinensis
Wikispecies:Pelodiscus sinensis

soft-shell turtle (any turtle in the family Trionychidae, especially Pelodiscus sinensis)


草龜

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/


烏龜

→ Lisu: ꓪꓴꓺ ꓗꓴꓲꓺ (wu̱ ku̱j)

/u⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ kʷɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ʋu⁴⁴ kuɪ⁴⁴/

/u⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ui⁵⁵/

/ɔu⁵³³⁻²¹ ku⁵³³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² ku⁴⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ ku⁴⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ kui⁴⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² kui⁴⁴/

/u⁵⁵ t͡ɕy²¹/

/u³³ ku̯e̞i̯³³/

/u⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ kʷɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ʋu⁴⁴ kuɪ⁴⁴/

/u⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ui⁵⁵/

/ɔu⁵³³⁻²¹ ku⁵³³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² ku⁴⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ ku⁴⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ kui⁴⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² kui⁴⁴/

/u⁵⁵ t͡ɕy²¹/

/u³³ ku̯e̞i̯³³/


玳瑁

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (玳瑁):
* → Japanese: 玳瑁(タイマイ) (taimai)
* → Korean: 대모(玳瑁) (daemo)

→ Vietnamese: đồi mồi

/taɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ mɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/taɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ maʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/taɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/tɔːi̯²² muːi̯²²/

/tɔːi̯²² mou̯²²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ mɔ̃²²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ pe³³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ pe²²/

/tai³³⁻²¹ pe³³/

/taɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ mɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/taɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ maʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/

/taɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/tɔːi̯²² muːi̯²²/

/tɔːi̯²² mou̯²²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ mɔ̃²²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ pe³³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ pe²²/

/tai³³⁻²¹ pe³³/

Attested as early as in Lu Jia (陸賈)'s New Discourses (新語 (xīnyǔ)):
*

Donkeys, mules, camels, rhinoceroses, elephants, hawksbill sea turtles, ambers, corals, kingfishers' feathers, pearls, and jades; they are generated on mountains or stored in the seas; each chooses a place to dwell.

Lu Jia, Xinyu (A New Discourse), c. 197 BCE

Fú lǘ luó luòtuó, xī xiàng dàimèi, hǔpò shānhú, cuìyǔ zhūyù, shān shēng shuǐ cáng, zé dì ér jū.

夫驢騾駱駞，犀象瑇瑁，琥珀珊瑚，翠羽珠玉，山生水藏，擇地而居。

夫驴骡骆驼，犀象瑇瑁，琥珀珊瑚，翠羽珠玉，山生水藏，择地而居。

The Compendium of Materia Medica [Bencao Gangmu], by Li Shizhen, 1578 CE

Shízhēn yuē: àn Fànchéngdà “Yú héng zhì” yún: dàimào shēng hǎiyáng shēnchù. Zhuàng rú guī yuán ér ké shāo cháng, bèi yǒu jiǎ shísān piàn, hēibái bānwén, xiàngcuò ér chéng.

時珍曰：按范成大《虞衡志》云：玳瑁生海洋深處。狀如龜黿而殼稍長，背有甲十三片，黑白斑文，相錯而成。

时珍曰：按范成大《虞衡志》云：玳瑁生海洋深处。状如龟鼋而壳稍长，背有甲十三片，黑白斑文，相错而成。

hawksbill sea turtle
hawksbill sea turtle

Eretmochelys imbricata
Eretmochelys imbricata#Translingual

hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)

[…] three jars filled with seedlings of the bodhi tree, twenty stalks of the blue lotus flower, eight dishes made from the shell of the hawksbill sea turtle, two pairs of leather shoes from India […]

... pútízǐ sān dǒu, qīnglián huá niàn jīng, dàimào diézǐ bā miàn, tiānzhú gélǚ èr liǎng...

…菩提子三斗、青蓮華廿莖、玳瑁疊子八面、天竺革履二緉…

…菩提子三斗、青莲华廿茎、玳瑁叠子八面、天竺革履二𮉧…


王八

/wɑŋ³⁵ b̥ä³/

/wɑŋ³⁵ pä⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ paːt̚³/

/vɒ̃¹¹ paʔ²/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² pat̚³²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² pat̚³²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² pat̚⁵/

/ɦuɑ̃²² paʔ⁴⁴/

/wɑŋ³⁵ b̥ä³/

/wɑŋ³⁵ pä⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ paːt̚³/

/vɒ̃¹¹ paʔ²/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² pat̚³²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² pat̚³²/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² pat̚⁵/

/ɦuɑ̃²² paʔ⁴⁴/

廟小妖風大，池淺王八多／庙小妖风大，池浅王八多

miào xiǎo yāofēng dà, chí qiǎn wángbā duō


甲魚

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ y³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹ y³⁵/

/t͡ɕiaʔ²⁻⁵⁴ y¹¹/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ hi²⁴/

/t͡ɕiaʔ³³ ŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯a̠²⁴ y¹³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ y³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹ y³⁵/

/t͡ɕiaʔ²⁻⁵⁴ y¹¹/

/ka(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ hi²⁴/

/t͡ɕiaʔ³³ ŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯a̠²⁴ y¹³/


水魚

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ y³⁵/

/sɵy̯³⁵ jyː²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sui⁵²⁻³⁵ hɯ⁵⁵/

/ɕy̯e̞i̯⁴¹ y¹³/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ y³⁵/

/sɵy̯³⁵ jyː²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sui⁵²⁻³⁵ hɯ⁵⁵/

/ɕy̯e̞i̯⁴¹ y¹³/

(chiefly Cantonese, Southern Pinghua, Hakka, Zhongshan Min, Teochew, Southwestern Mandarin, Changsha Xiang) soft-shell turtle (Classifier: 條／条 c; 隻／只 c)


鱷龜

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/ˀɤ⁵¹ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

alligator snapping turtle
alligator snapping turtle

common snapping turtle
common snapping turtle

any animal in the family Chelydridae of snapping turtles, such as an alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) and a common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina)


蠵龜

/ɕi⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷʰɐi̯²¹ kʷɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷʰɐi̯²¹ kʷɐi̯⁵⁵/

loggerhead sea turtle
loggerhead sea turtle

Caretta caretta
Caretta caretta#Translingual


山瑞鱉

/ʂän⁵⁵ ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ pi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ sɵy̯²² piːt̚³/

/ʂän⁵⁵ ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ pi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ sɵy̯²² piːt̚³/

Palea steindachneri
Wikispecies:Palea steindachneri

wattle-necked softshell turtle (Palea steindachneri)


腳魚

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ y³⁵/

/kœːk̚³ jyː²¹/

/ˈt͡ɕiɔʔ⁵ n̠ʲie³⁵/

/kiɔk̚¹ n̩¹¹/

/kʰa³³⁻²³ hɯ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯o²⁴ y¹³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ y³⁵/

/kœːk̚³ jyː²¹/

/ˈt͡ɕiɔʔ⁵ n̠ʲie³⁵/

/kiɔk̚¹ n̩¹¹/

/kʰa³³⁻²³ hɯ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯o²⁴ y¹³/


團魚

/tʰu̯än³⁵ y³⁵/

/tʰon¹¹ ŋ̍¹¹/

/tʰon⁵⁵ ŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɔn¹¹ n̩¹¹/

/tʰu̯än³⁵ y³⁵/

/tʰon¹¹ ŋ̍¹¹/

/tʰon⁵⁵ ŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɔn¹¹ n̩¹¹/


𪚮

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): phonetic 冄 (OC *njam, *njamʔ) + semantic 龜 (“tortoise”)

Han compound

𱍄
䶲
𦫉
𪓘
𪓚
𪚳
𪚫
𤱋
𤱣

tortoise with protruding part similar to a toe at the back portion of its legs


龜仔

/kuɪ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ e³¹/

/ku⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/ku⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/ku⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/ku⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/kuɪ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ e³¹/

/ku⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/ku⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/ku⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/ku⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹/


跤魚

/kʰa³³⁻²³ hɯ⁵⁵/

/kʰa³³⁻²³ hɯ⁵⁵/


黿魚

/yiŋ³³ ŋy³³/

/yiŋ³³ ŋy³³/

(chiefly dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Northern Min, dialectal Eastern Min) soft-shell turtle


癩頭黿

/laɪ̯⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/la²² dɤ⁵⁵ n̠ʲyø²¹/

/laɪ̯⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/la²² dɤ⁵⁵ n̠ʲyø²¹/


腳魚仔

/ki̯ok̚² ŋ̍¹¹ e³¹/

/ki̯ok̚² ŋ̍¹¹ e³¹/

(Southern Sixian Hakka) soft-shell turtle


巴西龜

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/


紅耳龜

/xʊŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/


地圖龜

/ti⁵¹ tʰu³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/ti⁵¹ tʰu³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

map turtle, Graptemys (Classifier: 隻／只 c)