牛

Wutunhua: nek

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³/

Pictogram (象形) of a bull's head.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋwa.
;"awesome"

傲人

nowadays especially of breasts, body curve

細漢偷挽匏，大漢偷牽牛 / 细汉偷挽匏，大汉偷牵牛

sè-hàn thau bán pû, tōa-hàn thau khan gû

bovine, e.g. cow, bull, ox, buffalo, bison, yak (Classifier: 頭／头 m c mb md; 條／条 m g h x; 隻／只 m c g mn w x)

牛屄

牛人

(Mainland China, Mandarin, slang) awesome; powerful

Twenty-Eight Mansions
w:Twenty-Eight Mansions

(～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Ox (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)

(physics) Short for 牛頓／牛顿 (niúdùn, “newton”).

(Hong Kong Cantonese, computing) Short for 火牛 (“transformer”). (Classifier: 隻／只 c)


犏

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 牛 (“cow”) + phonetic 扁 (OC *pʰen, *benʔ, *peːnʔ, *beːnʔ).

Han compound

When a yak cow mates with a yellow bull, they shall give birth to a dzo.

15th century CE, 葉盛 (Yèshèng), 水東日記 Diary from East of the River

Máoniú yǔ huángniú hé, zé shēng piānniú.

牦牛與黃牛合，則生犏牛。

牦牛与黄牛合，则生犏牛。


犢

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *l'oːɡ): semantic 牛 (“ox”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ).
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *luk (“sheep”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with 羭 (OC *lo, “sheep”), Tibetan ལུག (lug, “sheep”).
Other etymologies have been proposed:
* Boodberg (1937) relates it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “calf”), which Schuessler (2007) deems unlikely.
* Norman (1988) suggests that it may be a loan from Mongolic or Tungusic; compare Mongolian ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ (tuɣul, “calf”), Manchu ᡨᡠᡴᡧᠠᠨ (tukšan, “calf”). This is an unlikely etymology due to recent developments in the reconstruction of Old Chinese, where *l- (rather than older reconstructions with *d-) would be a poor match for Mongolic/Tungusic t-, as well as new archaeological evidence suggesting that the word is likely older than previously assumed (Miyake, 2017; Cao, 2021).
* It could also be related to 畜 (OC *l̥ʰuɡs, *l̥ʰuɡ, *hluɡ, “to nourish; domestic animal”) (Schuessler, 2007).

och-l

When the Son of Heaven visits a feudal lord, the lord offers him a calf for food.

The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE

天子適諸侯，諸侯膳以犢。

天子适诸侯，诸侯膳以犊。

1919, 《新舊約全書：官話和合譯本》 [Mandarin Bible, Union Version], Shanghai: American Bible Society, 約伯記 [Job] 21:10:

Their bulls never fail to breed. Their cows bear calves and never miscarry. [New Living Translation]

Tāmen de gōngniú zīshēng ér bù duànjué. Mǔniú xià dú ér bù diàotāi.

他們的公牛孳生而不斷絕．母牛下犢而不掉胎。

他们的公牛孳生而不断绝．母牛下犊而不掉胎。


母牛

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/mu⁵³ nʲəu²¹/

/mou̯¹³ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/mu⁵³ nʲəu²¹/

/mou̯¹³ ŋɐu̯²¹/


雄牛

/ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/ɦioŋ²² n̠ʲiɤ⁴⁴/

/ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/ɦioŋ²² n̠ʲiɤ⁴⁴/


雌牛

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰiː⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵ n̠ʲiɤ²¹/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰiː⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰz̩⁵⁵ n̠ʲiɤ²¹/


公牛

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/kuŋ²⁴ ŋi̯u¹¹/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡu²⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡu¹³/

/kaŋ³³ ɡu²⁴/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/kuŋ²⁴ ŋi̯u¹¹/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡu²⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡu¹³/

/kaŋ³³ ɡu²⁴/


黃牛

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/ˈuɔŋ³⁵ n̠ʲiu³⁵/

/voŋ¹¹ ŋi̯u¹¹/

/ʋɔŋ¹¹ ŋiu¹¹/

/xuɒ̃¹¹ niəu¹¹/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ŋu⁵³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ɡu²⁴/

/ŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵⁵/

/ɦuɑ̃²² n̠ʲiɤ⁴⁴/

/u̯an¹³ n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/ˈuɔŋ³⁵ n̠ʲiu³⁵/

/voŋ¹¹ ŋi̯u¹¹/

/ʋɔŋ¹¹ ŋiu¹¹/

/xuɒ̃¹¹ niəu¹¹/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ŋu⁵³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ɡu²⁴/

/ŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵⁵/

/ɦuɑ̃²² n̠ʲiɤ⁴⁴/

/u̯an¹³ n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³/

Sense 5 most likely derived by analogy of 黑牛. Compare 白牛, formed similarly.

(Hong Kong Cantonese, Macau Cantonese) cream soda float


黃牛

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/ˈuɔŋ³⁵ n̠ʲiu³⁵/

/voŋ¹¹ ŋi̯u¹¹/

/ʋɔŋ¹¹ ŋiu¹¹/

/xuɒ̃¹¹ niəu¹¹/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ŋu⁵³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ɡu²⁴/

/ŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵⁵/

/ɦuɑ̃²² n̠ʲiɤ⁴⁴/

/u̯an¹³ n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/ˈuɔŋ³⁵ n̠ʲiu³⁵/

/voŋ¹¹ ŋi̯u¹¹/

/ʋɔŋ¹¹ ŋiu¹¹/

/xuɒ̃¹¹ niəu¹¹/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ŋu⁵³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ɡu²⁴/

/ŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵⁵/

/ɦuɑ̃²² n̠ʲiɤ⁴⁴/

/u̯an¹³ n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³/

(Taiwan) to break a promise; to fail to assume responsibility; to fail to show up


牡牛

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/maːu̯¹³ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/maːu̯¹³ ŋɐu̯²¹/


牛乸

/ŋɐu̯²¹ naː³⁵/

/ᵑɡeu²² ⁿda⁵⁵/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ naː³⁵/

/ᵑɡeu²² ⁿda⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) cow (female)


牛母

/ŋu⁵³⁻³³ mo³³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² bu⁵³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² bu⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² bu⁵⁵/

/ɡu²⁴⁻³³ bɤ⁵³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻¹² bo⁵³/

/ɡu¹³⁻²² bo⁵³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻³³ bo⁵³/

/ɡu²³⁻³³ bɤ⁴¹/

/ɡu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ bo⁵²/

/ŋu⁵³⁻³³ mo³³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² bu⁵³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ bu⁵³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² bu⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² bu⁵⁵/

/ɡu²⁴⁻³³ bɤ⁵³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻¹² bo⁵³/

/ɡu¹³⁻²² bo⁵³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻³³ bo⁵³/

/ɡu²³⁻³³ bɤ⁴¹/

/ɡu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ bo⁵²/


牛嫲

/ŋi̯u¹¹ ma¹¹/

/ŋi̯u¹¹ ma¹¹/


乳牛

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (乳牛):
* → Korean: 우유(乳牛) (uyu)

/ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/jyː¹³ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/jyː¹³ ŋɐu̯²¹/


牝牛

/pʰin⁵¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/pʰɐn¹³ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/pin²²⁻²¹ ɡiu²⁴/

/pʰin⁵¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/pʰɐn¹³ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/pin²²⁻²¹ ɡiu²⁴/


家牛

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹/


犏牛

/pʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/pʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

牦牛與黄牛合，則生犏牛。

牦牛与黄牛合，则生犏牛。

hybrid of a bull and a female yak; dzo or dzomo


犁牛

/li³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/lɐi̯²¹ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/li³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/lɐi̯²¹ ŋɐu̯²¹/


牛囝

/ŋu⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iaŋ³³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² kiã⁵³/

/ɡu²³⁻²¹ kiã⁴⁴⁵/

/ɡu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kĩã⁵²/

/ŋu⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iaŋ³³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² kiã⁵³/

/ɡu²³⁻²¹ kiã⁴⁴⁵/

/ɡu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kĩã⁵²/

(Eastern Min, Puxian Min, Yongchun and Penang Hokkien, Teochew, Hainanese, Leizhou Min) calf (young cow or bull) (Classifier: 隻／只 mn)


牛仔囝

/ɡu¹³⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiã⁵³/

/ɡu²³⁻³³ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiã⁴¹/

/ɡu²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kiã⁵³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiã⁵³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiã⁵³/

/ɡu¹³⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiã⁵³/

/ɡu²³⁻³³ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiã⁴¹/

/ɡu²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kiã⁵³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiã⁵³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² a⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiã⁵³/

(Hokkien) calf (young cow or bull) (Classifier: 隻／只 mn)


牛犢子

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ tu³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ tʊk̚² t͡siː³⁵/

/niəu¹¹ tuəʔ⁵⁴ t͡səʔ¹/

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ tu³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ tʊk̚² t͡siː³⁵/

/niəu¹¹ tuəʔ⁵⁴ t͡səʔ¹/


牛犅

→ Kavalan: hukang

牛牨
牛𪺱
牛公
牛港
牛雄
牛𰠫

/ŋu⁵³⁻³³ køyŋ³³/

/ku¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾aŋ⁴⁵³/

/ku¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾aŋ³³²/

/ɡu¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁵³/

/ɡu²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴¹/

/ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ³¹/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/ŋu⁵³⁻³³ køyŋ³³/

/ku¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾aŋ⁴⁵³/

/ku¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾aŋ³³²/

/ɡu¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁵³/

/ɡu²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴¹/

/ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ³¹/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵⁵⁴/

(Puxian Min) bovine, e.g. cow, bull, ox, buffalo, bison, yak


閹牛

/jɛn⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/jiːm⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/jɛn⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/jiːm⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹/


牛雄

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²⁴/


牛軛

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ ˀɤ⁵¹/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ aːk̚⁵/

/ŋi̯u¹¹ ak̚²/

/ku¹³⁻⁴² ɛʔ¹/

/ku¹³⁻⁴² ɛʔ²/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ ŋa̠³³/

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ ˀɤ⁵¹/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ aːk̚⁵/

/ŋi̯u¹¹ ak̚²/

/ku¹³⁻⁴² ɛʔ¹/

/ku¹³⁻⁴² ɛʔ²/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ ŋa̠³³/


牛擔

/ku¹³⁻²¹ tɒ⁵³³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² tã⁴⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² tã³³/

/ɡu¹³⁻²² tã⁴⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ tã⁴⁴/

/ɡu²³⁻³³ tã⁴⁴/

/ku¹³⁻²¹ tɒ⁵³³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² tã⁴⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² tã³³/

/ɡu¹³⁻²² tã⁴⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ tã⁴⁴/

/ɡu²³⁻³³ tã⁴⁴/

(Southern Min, Putian Puxian Min) yoke; oxbow


牛椵

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² ke²⁴/

/ɡu¹³⁻²² ke¹³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² ke²⁴/

/ɡu¹³⁻²² ke¹³/

(Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) yoke; oxbow


牛椵仔

/ɡu¹³⁻²² ke¹³⁻²² a⁵³/

/ɡu¹³⁻²² ke¹³⁻²² a⁵³/

(Zhangzhou Hokkien) wooden cangue placed on the mouth of a calf (to prevent it from sucking milk while the cow is being milked)


牛枷車

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² ka³³ t͡sʰia³³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² ka³³ t͡sʰia³³/


枷擔

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² tã⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ tã⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² tã⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ tã⁴⁴/


牛扁擔

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² pin³³ tã³³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² pin³³ tã³³/

(Quanzhou Hokkien, Suzhounese) yoke; oxbow


蹺擔

/kʰiau⁴⁴⁻²² tã⁴⁴/

/kʰiau⁴⁴⁻²² tã⁴⁴/


牛蹺擔

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² kʰiau³³ tã³³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² kʰiau³³ tã³³/


牯牛

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/ku⁴¹ n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³/

/ku³³ n̠ʲi̯u¹¹/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/ku⁴¹ n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³/

/ku³³ n̠ʲi̯u¹¹/


牤牛

/mɑŋ⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/mɔːŋ⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/mɑŋ⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/mɔːŋ⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹/


牤子

/mɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/mɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/


牛牯

/ŋɐu̯²¹ kuː³⁵/

/n̠ʲiu³⁵ ku²¹³/

/ŋi̯u¹¹ ku³¹/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/ɡu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kou⁵²/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ ku⁴¹/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ kuː³⁵/

/n̠ʲiu³⁵ ku²¹³/

/ŋi̯u¹¹ ku³¹/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/ɡu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kou⁵²/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ ku⁴¹/


牛公

/ŋɐu̯²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ kʊŋ³³/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ kən³³/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ kʊŋ³³/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ kən³³/

(Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Southern Min, Puxian Min, Xiang) bull


牛犅仔

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵⁵⁻³⁵ a⁵⁵/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵⁵⁻³⁵ a⁵⁵/


牛牯子

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ ku⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ ku⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/


牛枷

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ ka̠³³/

/n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ ka̠³³/


牛婆

/n̠ʲəu̯¹³ po¹³/

/n̠ʲəu̯¹³ po¹³/

(dialectal) female cow (in Changsha, especially those that have given birth)


牛婆子

/n̠ʲəu̯¹³ po¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/n̠ʲi̯u¹¹ b̥o¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/n̠ʲəu̯¹³ po¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/n̠ʲi̯u¹¹ b̥o¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

(Xiang) female cow (especially those that have given birth)


騷牯子

/sɒu̯³³ ku⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/

/sɒu̯³³ ku⁴¹ t͡sz̩³/


牸牛

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡siː²² ŋɐu̯²¹/

/t͡si²¹⁻¹¹ n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³/

/t͡ɕi²¹⁻¹¹ n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³/

/t͡sz̩⁵¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡siː²² ŋɐu̯²¹/

/t͡si²¹⁻¹¹ n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³/

/t͡ɕi²¹⁻¹¹ n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³/


牸牛子

/t͡si²¹⁻¹¹ n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕi²¹⁻¹¹ n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡si²¹⁻¹¹ n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/t͡ɕi²¹⁻¹¹ n̠ʲi̯əu̯¹³ t͡sz̩³/


犍牛

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/kiːn⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/kiːn⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹/


和牛

/xɤ³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/wɔː²¹ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/xɤ³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/wɔː²¹ ŋɐu̯²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 和牛 (wagyū).


赤牛

/t͡sʰak̚² ŋi̯u¹¹/

/t͡ʃʰak⁵⁻² ŋiu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)⁵⁻⁵³ ɡu²⁴/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ɡu²⁴/

/t͡sʰak̚² ŋi̯u¹¹/

/t͡ʃʰak⁵⁻² ŋiu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)⁵⁻⁵³ ɡu²⁴/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ɡu²⁴/

(Taiwanese Hokkien and Hakka) ox; cattle


赤牛仔

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ɡu²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)²⁻⁵³ ɡu²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ɡu²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)²⁻⁵³ ɡu²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

(Taiwanese Hokkien, Southern Sixian Hakka) ox; cattle


赤媽仔

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)²⁻⁵³ mã⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/t͡sʰia(ʔ)²⁻⁵³ mã⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/


黃牯

(Changsha Xiang, Huizhou) bull (male of domesticated cattle)


黃牯子

(Changsha Xiang) bull (male of domesticated cattle)


肉牛

/ʐoʊ̯⁵¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/ba(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ɡu²⁴/

/ba(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ɡu¹³/

/ba(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ɡu²⁴/

/ba(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ɡu²³/

/ʐoʊ̯⁵¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/ba(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ɡu²⁴/

/ba(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ɡu¹³/

/ba(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ɡu²⁴/

/ba(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ɡu²³/


菜牛

/t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ ŋɐu̯²¹/


草飼牛

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/


黃牛猴

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ɡu²⁴⁻²² kau²⁴/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ɡu²⁴⁻²² kau²⁴/


種牛

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ³⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ³⁵ ŋɐu̯²¹/


牛哥

/ku¹³⁻²¹ ko⁵³³/

/ku¹³⁻²¹ kɵ⁵³³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻¹² ko⁴⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/ɡu²³⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/ku¹³⁻²¹ ko⁵³³/

/ku¹³⁻²¹ kɵ⁵³³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻¹² ko⁴⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/ɡu²³⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

(Taiwanese Hokkien) cow kept for breeding


牛種

/ɡu²⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ɡu²⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ⁵³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁵⁵/


牛種仔

/ɡu²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ a⁴¹/

/ɡu²⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ a⁵³/

/ɡu²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ a⁴¹/

/ɡu²⁴⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ a⁵³/

(Kaohsiung and Tainan Hokkien) cow kept for breeding


牛牸

/ŋiu¹¹ t͡sʰz̩⁵³/

/ŋiu¹¹ t͡sʰz̩⁵³/


黃牛牯

/ʋɔŋ¹¹ ŋiu¹¹ ku³¹/

/ʋɔŋ¹¹ ŋiu¹¹ ku³¹/


牛犁擔

/ku¹³⁻²¹ le¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒ⁵³³/

/ku¹³⁻²¹ le¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɒ⁵³³/

/ku¹³⁻²¹ le¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒ⁵³³/

/ku¹³⁻²¹ le¹³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɒ⁵³³/


牛犁

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ li³⁵/

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ li³⁵/

plough, plow (tool used by cattle to plow the land)