zwei

Hunsrik: zweu

Luxembourgish: zwéin m, zwou f, zwee n

From Middle High German zwēne, from Old High German zwēne, from Proto-West Germanic *twai-, from Proto-Germanic *twai, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.


een

Hunsrik: een

Luxembourgish: een

From Middle High German ein, from Old High German ein, from Proto-West Germanic *ain, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos, possibly from *éy + *-nós.

Loß mich der nur een Frooch stelle.

Wanns de keene Steff häs, kann ich der eener jevve.

If you don't have a pencil, I can give you one.

(Ripuarian, western Moselle Franconian) one


Haus

head

Haus n (plural Haiser, diminutive Haische)

Hunsrik: Haus

Luxembourgish: Haus

From Middle High German hūs, from Old High German hūs, from Proto-West Germanic *hūs, from Proto-Germanic *hūsą.


Uhr

Wann de schlääch hürs, wäsch der de Föß, datt der Dreck us de Uhre nohrötsch.

Wash your feet if you can’t hear well, so that the dirt from your ears can slide down.

(Ripuarian, northern Moselle Franconian) ear


A

* /a/ is from Middle High German a in most closed syllables.
* /aː/ is from a before certain clusters, in most dialects also in open syllables; in southern Moselle Franconian from ou.

A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.

A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.


on

The native form in most dialects was Old High German indi, whence the variant en. In parts of the Eifel, this indi regularly becomes on (compare Luxembourgish an). In southern and eastern dialects, on the other hand, on may have been inherited from the Old High German variant unde (unti). From these two groups of dialects, the form will have spread, without doubt under influence of German und.

Salz on Päfer


wall

From Middle High German wal(e), from Old High German wala. Cognate with Middle Dutch wale, whence Limburgish waal. Also cognate with the German, Dutch and English words below, though these have a different vocalism.

Du bes wall jeck!

A modal particle, generally equivalent to German wohl, Dutch wel, sometimes also to English well, but often not literally translatable.


de

(most dialects) feminine nominative and accusative

(most dialects) plural nominative and accusative

the
(some dialects) masculine nominative

the
(some dialects) masculine accusative


en

(most dialects) neuter nominative and accusative, used before vowels and alternatively before h and dental consonants

(some dialects) masculine nominative, used before vowels and alternatively before h and dental consonants

(some dialects) masculine accusative, used before vowels and alternatively before h and dental consonants


en

(most dialects) him; masculine accusative

(some dialects) he; masculine nominative


mi

head

mi (masculine menge or minge, feminine and plural meng or ming)

menge (masculine)
minge (masculine)
meng (feminine plural)
ming (feminine plural)

Wo hann ich dann mi Jlas henjestallt?

(Ripuarian) my (first-person singular possessive)


bei

Jank bei der Wage on waat do op mich!

(most dialects) at; with; by; near; (close) to

bem

with the masculine and neuter dative of the definite article


om

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

(most dialects) Contraction of op/of däm (“on the”).


om

(parts of Eifel) Contraction of on däm (“in the”).


us

From Middle High German ūz, from Proto-Germanic *ūt.

He steiht ferm wie en Zeller us dem Hamm.

1936, Inscription on the Schwarze Katz well in Zell:

He stands firm as a Zell man from the Hamm [i.e. the Moselle bow around Zell with its steeply sloped vineyards].

(Ripuarian, parts of Moselle Franconian) out of, from


us

From Middle High German uns, from Proto-Germanic *uns, *unsiz. Loss of the nasal is due to a sporadic development (analogous to the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant-law, but later and not systematic); compare Luxembourgish eis, Limburgish ós.

(most of Ripuarian, parts of Moselle Franconian) Dative/accusative first-person plural personal pronoun: us

ons

also younger byform in many other dialects


met

mem

with the masculine and neuter definite article


blond

head

blond (masculine blonne, feminine and plural blonn, comparative blonner, superlative et blondste)

blonne (masculine)
blonn (feminine plural)
blonner (comparative)
et blondste (superlative)

From Middle High German blint, from Old High German blind, northern variant of blint.


blond

blond (masculine blonde, feminine and plural blond or blonde, comparative blonder, superlative et blondste)

blonde (masculine)
blond (feminine plural)
blonde (feminine plural)
blonder (comparative)
et blondste (superlative)


do

From Old High German duo (“then”), variant of do, dō. Compare German da, Dutch toen.

(Ripuarian, northern Moselle Franconian) then; back then (at a certain time in the past)


do

(few dialects, including Kölsch) thou; you (singular)


fünf

(Kölsch) Rare spelling of fünnef (“five”).


deep

deep (masculine deepe, feminine and plural deepe or deep, comparativer deeper, superlative et deepste)

deepe (masculine)
deepe (feminine plural)
deep (feminine plural)
et deepste (superlative)

Ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *deup. One of several Ripuarian relict words with an unshifted post-vocalic plosive. Compare Aap (“ape”), söke (“to seek”).

(Ripuarian, archaic in many dialects) deep


mole

mole (third-person singular present molt, past participle jemolt)

molt (present singular third-person)
jemolt (participle past)

From Old High German mālōn, mālēn, denominative of māl (“spot, stain”), from Proto-West Germanic *mālijan, from Proto-Germanic *mēlijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“dark color”).


han

head

han (irregular, third-person singular present hat, past tense hauw, past participle jehad, past subjunctive häu)

hat (present singular third-person)
hauw (past)
jehad (participle past)
häu (past subjunctive)
han (infinitive)
jehad (participle past)
han (auxiliary)
han (indicative present singular)
has (indicative present singular)
hat (indicative present singular)
hant (indicative plural present)
hat (indicative plural present)
hauwt (indicative plural present)
hauw (indicative preterite singular)
hauwts (indicative preterite singular)
hauwe (indicative plural preterite)
häut (indicative plural preterite)
hait (indicative plural preterite)
han jehad (indicative perfect present singular)
has jehad (indicative perfect present singular)
hat jehad (indicative perfect present singular)
hant jehad (indicative perfect plural present)
hat jehad (indicative perfect plural present)
hauwt jehad (indicative perfect plural present)
hauw jehad (indicative past perfect singular)
hauwts jehad (indicative past perfect singular)
hauwe jehad (indicative past perfect plural)
häut jehad (indicative past perfect plural)
hait jehad (indicative past perfect plural)
weëd han (future indicative singular)
weëds han (future indicative singular)
weëde han (future indicative plural)
weëd han (future indicative plural)
weëd jehad han (future indicative perfect singular)
weëds jehad han (future indicative perfect singular)
weëde jehad han (future indicative perfect plural)
weëd jehad han (future indicative perfect plural)
häu (conditional singular)
hai (conditional singular)
häuts (conditional singular)
haits (conditional singular)
häue (conditional plural)
haie (conditional plural)
jeuf han (conditional present singular)
jeufs han (conditional present singular)
jeuve han (conditional plural present)
jeuft han (conditional plural present)
häu jehad (conditional perfect singular)
hai jehad (conditional perfect singular)
häuts jehad (conditional perfect singular)
haits jehad (conditional perfect singular)
häue jehad (conditional perfect plural)
haie jehad (conditional perfect plural)
han (imperative singular)
hat (imperative plural)

From Middle High German hān, from Old High German havēn, northern variant of habēn, from Proto-West Germanic *habbjan.

(Ripuarian and Kölsch, auxiliary, with a past participle) to have (forms the perfect and past perfect tense)

(same dialects, transitive) to have; to own (to possess, have ownership of; to possess a certain characteristic)

Uur hat doa Floep va.

(same dialects, transitive) to have; to hold (to contain within itself/oneself)

(same dialects, transitive) to have, get (to obtain, acquire)

(same dialects, transitive) to get (to receive)

(same dialects, transitive) to have (to be afflicted with, suffer from)

Ing Menuut hat 60 Sekonde.

(literally, “One minute has 60 seconds.”)

(same dialects, transitive, of units of measure) to contain, be composed of, equal

(same dialects, impersonal, with het or 't) there be, there is, there are

Iech han't nit zoeë mit Höng.

(literally, “I don't have it that much with dogs.”)

(same dialects, with 't and mit) to be occupied with, to like, to be into

Vier hauwe't juus uvver dienge Vrunk.

(literally, “We just had it about your friend.”)

(same dialects, with 't and uvver) to talk about


ich

From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
The expected form is ech; the variant ich is from a form *īh with expressive lengthening (compare the corresponding diphthong in Moselle Franconian).

Dat senn ich op däm Fotto.

(some dialects of Ripuarian, including Kölsch) I; nominative of the first-person singular personal pronoun


Buch

Buch m (plural Büch, diminutive Büchelche)

From Middle High German būch, from Old High German būh.

Wa’ mer nühs em Buch hät, ka’ mer net ärbeede, on wa’ mer jrad jäße hät, moss mer sich iersch ens henläje.

When you’ve nothing in your stomach, you can’t work, and when you’ve just eaten, you must first lie down a bit.


Buch

Buch n (plural Biecher, diminutive Biechelche)

Biecher (plural)
Biechelche (diminutive)

From Middle High German buoch, from Old High German buoh.


better

better (masculine bettere, feminine better, comparative betterer, superlative et betterste)

bettere (masculine)
better (feminine)
betterer (comparative)
et betterste (superlative)

Proverb: Mösse es e better Krock.


huh

huh (masculine huhe, feminine huh, comparative hüher or hühter or hieher, superlative et hühste or hüchste or hühtste or hiehtste)

huhe (masculine)
huh (feminine)
hüher (comparative)
hühter (comparative)
hieher (comparative)
et hühste (superlative)
hüchste (superlative)
hühtste (superlative)
hiehtste (superlative)
huh (positive)
strong (positive)
huhe (masculine positive)
huh (feminine neuter positive)
weak (positive)
partitive (positive)
huhes (masculine neuter positive)
initial (positive)
huhem (masculine neuter positive)
huher (feminine positive)
huhe (plural positive)
non-initial (positive)
huhe (positive)
hüher (comparative)
strong (comparative)
hühere (comparative masculine)
hüher (comparative feminine neuter)
weak (comparative)
partitive (comparative)
hüheres (comparative masculine neuter)
initial (comparative)
hüherem (comparative masculine neuter)
hüherer (comparative feminine)
hühere (comparative plural)
non-initial (comparative)
hühere (comparative)
et hüchste (superlative)
strong (superlative)
hüchste (superlative)
weak (superlative)
initial (superlative)
hüchstem (masculine neuter superlative)
hüchster (feminine superlative)
hüchste (plural superlative)
non-initial (superlative)
In this declension type (superlative)
not. (superlative)

From Old High German hōh, from Proto-West Germanic *hauh, from Proto-Germanic *hauhaz.

(Ripuarian, eastern Moselle Franconian) high, tall


em

(most dialects) Reduced form of im (“to him”).


em

(most dialects) Reduced form of däm (“to the”).


em

(most dialects) Contraction of en däm (“in the”).


vier

From Middle High German vier, from Old High German fior, from Proto-West Germanic *feuwar, from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.


gut

gut (masculine gude, feminine gut, comparative besser, superlative et beste)

gude (masculine)
gut (feminine)
besser (comparative)
et beste (superlative)

From Old High German guod, northern variant of guot.


jet

From Old High German iowiht, from io (“always”) + wiht (“thing”) << Proto-West Germanic *wihti.
Cognate with Middle Dutch iewet, iet (whence Limburgish get, contemporary Dutch iets), English aught.

Luur ens, ich hann der jet metjebraht.

(Ripuarian, northernmost Moselle Franconian) something; anything


Schaf

Schaf m or n (plural Schäf or Schafer, diminutive Schäfje or Schäfche)

Schäf (plural)
Schafer (plural)
Schäfje (diminutive)
Schäfche (diminutive)

From Middle High German schaf, from Proto-Germanic *skapą.

(Ripuarian, western Moselle Franconian) cupboard


Hamburg

[...]
doch eines es jewess

2007, das kölsche liedbuch 2, (Lund Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Köln), p. 26, song Kölsche Junge bütze joot

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


Berlin

1909, Heinrich Koch, Kölsche Verzällcher. II. Bändchen, Köln, p. 38

Der ganze Dag hat se mem Annche gesprov, un dat Vüggelche hatt esu staats gesunge, dat ald Mutter un Doochter üvverlaht hatte, ov de Huhzicksreis no Berlin ov no Italie gemaht sollt wähde.

2007, das kölsche liedbuch, (Lund Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Köln), p. 32, song Hey Kölle! Do bes e Jeföhl

ich wor in Rio, in New York un Berlin!
(please add an English translation of this quotation)


ohne

From Middle High German āne, from Proto-Germanic *ēnu. The (partial) retention of the final schwa is irregular; the word must be inherited, however, because of the /ɔː/-vocalism, which is the regular outcome of Middle High German ā. Only the southernmost dialects show a raised vowel in line with Standard German ohne, but it is surely inherited there as well.

(western Ripuarian, archaic)


ach

From Middle High German ahte, from Old High German ahto, from Proto-West Germanic *ahtō, from Proto-Germanic *ahtōu, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.

(Limburgan Ripuarian) eight (numerical value represented by the Arabic numeral 8; or describing a set with eight elements)


Kuh

Hunsrik: Kuh

Luxembourgish: Kou

From Middle High German kuo, from Old High German kuo, from Proto-West Germanic *kō, from Proto-Germanic *kōz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws.

etymon

(southern Moselle Franconian) cow (female bovine animal)


schön

head

schön (masculine schöne, feminine schön, comparative schöner, superlative et schönste)

schöne (masculine)
schön (feminine)
schöner (comparative)
et schönste (superlative)

Inherited from Middle High German schœne, from Old High German scōni, from Proto-West Germanic *skaunī, from Proto-Germanic *skauniz.

inh+

Nä, wat es dat schön!

(many dialects of Ripuarian) beautiful; pretty; nice

schün

native Ripuarian form; dated in many dialects


kalt

head

kalt (masculine kaale, feminine kaal, comparative kaaler or kääler or kälder, superlative et kaalste or käälste or kältste)

kaale (masculine)
kaal (feminine)
kaaler (comparative)
kääler (comparative)
kälder (comparative)
et kaalste (superlative)
käälste (superlative)
kältste (superlative)
kalt (positive)
strong (positive)
kaale (masculine positive)
kalt (neuter positive)
kaal (feminine positive)
kaal (positive)
weak (positive)
kaal (neuter positive)
partitive (positive)
kaales (masculine neuter positive)
initial (positive)
kaalem (masculine neuter positive)
kaaler (feminine positive)
kaale (plural positive)
non-initial (positive)
kaale (positive)
kääler (comparative)
strong (comparative)
käälere (comparative masculine)
kääler (comparative feminine neuter)
weak (comparative)
partitive (comparative)
kääleres (comparative masculine neuter)
initial (comparative)
käälerem (comparative masculine neuter)
käälerer (comparative feminine)
käälere (comparative plural)
non-initial (comparative)
käälere (comparative)
et käälste (superlative)
strong (superlative)
käälste (superlative)
weak (superlative)
initial (superlative)
käälstem (masculine neuter superlative)
käälster (feminine superlative)
käälste (plural superlative)
non-initial (superlative)
not. (superlative)

From Old High German *kald, northern variant of kalt, chalt. The variation between the stems kalt and kaal is due to the development -ald- → -āl-, which occurred only in open syllables.

Loß’ mer heem john, ich hann kaal Föß.


Zahn

Zahn m (plural Zäng, diminutive Zähnche)

From German Zahn, from Middle High German zan, zant, from Old High German zan, zand, from Proto-West Germanic *tanþ.
The velarised form Zank, which is native in most of Ripuarian, has widely been replaced in eastern dialects; some of them have adopted the southern form Zand, others the standard German form Zahn. As can be seen below, the native plural Zäng remains intact. Compare Hand for more.


net

Dat es jar net wohr!


nix

From German nix. Compare Central Franconian nüüx and nühs, also Bavarian nix.


si

si (masculine senge or singe, feminine and plural seng or sing)

senge (masculine)
singe (masculine)
seng (feminine plural)
sing (feminine plural)

Wo hät e dann si Jlas henjestallt?

(Ripuarian) his, its (third-person masculine and neuter possessive)


drei

Hunsrik: drei

Luxembourgish: dräi

Inherited from Middle High German drī, from Old High German dri, from Proto-West Germanic *þrīʀ, from Proto-Germanic *þrīz, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.


neu

head

neu (masculine neue, feminine neu, comparative neuer, superlative et neuste)

neue (masculine)
neu (feminine)
neuer (comparative)
et neuste (superlative)
neu (positive)
strong (positive)
neue (masculine positive)
neu (feminine neuter positive)
weak (positive)
partitive (positive)
neues (masculine neuter positive)
initial (positive)
neuem (masculine neuter positive)
neuer (feminine positive)
neue (plural positive)
non-initial (positive)
neue (positive)
neuer (comparative)
strong (comparative)
neuere (comparative masculine)
neuer (comparative feminine neuter)
weak (comparative)
partitive (comparative)
neueres (comparative masculine neuter)
initial (comparative)
neuerem (comparative masculine neuter)
neuerer (comparative feminine)
neuere (comparative plural)
non-initial (comparative)
neuere (comparative)
et neuste (superlative)
strong (superlative)
neuste (superlative)
weak (superlative)
initial (superlative)
neustem (masculine neuter superlative)
neuster (feminine superlative)
neuste (plural superlative)
non-initial (superlative)
In this declension type (superlative)
not. (superlative)

From Middle High German niuwe, from Old High German niuwi.


keen

From Middle High German (en) kein, from nechein, from Old High German nehhein. Cognate with German kein, Dutch geen.

Ich hann keen Belder. / Belder hann ich er keen.

(most of Ripuarian, western Moselle Franconian) no, not a, not any


esse

esse (third-person singular present iss or itt, preterite oß, past participle jesse or jejesse)

iss (present singular third-person)
itt (present singular third-person)
oß (preterite)
jesse (participle past)
jejesse (participle past)

From Middle High German ezzen, from Old High German ezzan.


op

From Old High German *up, northern variant of ūf.

(Ripuarian, north-western Moselle Franconian) on; upon


di

di (masculine denge or dinge, feminine and plural deng or ding)

denge (masculine)
dinge (masculine)
deng (feminine plural)
ding (feminine plural)

Wo häs de dann di Jlas henjestallt?

(Ripuarian) your, thy (second-person singular possessive)


Wasser

Wasser n (plural Wasser, diminutive Wässerche)

From Middle High German wazzer, from Old High German wazzar. The use of -a- instead of the expected -ā- is influenced by standard German.

O leeve Jott, jevv uns Wasser,
 Denn janz Kölle hät Doosch!
 O leeve Jott, jevv uns Wasser
 Un helf uns en der Nut!

1990, “Dat Wasser vun Kölle”performed by Bläck Fööss:

O dear God, give us water,
 For all of Cologne is thirsty!
 O dear God, give us water
 And help us in our misery!

Waßer

native in most dialects; now archaic in many


off

off (comparative öfter, superlative et öffste)

öfter (comparative)
et öffste (superlative)

Chiefly through German oft, from Middle High German ofte, from Old High German ofta, from Proto-Germanic *ufta.


wade

wade (third-person singular present waad, past tense wadet, present participle wadend or wadens, past participle jewaad)

waad (present singular third-person)
wadet (past)
wadend (participle present)
wadens (participle present)
jewaad (participle past)

From Middle High German warden, northern variant of warten, from Old High German wartēn, from Proto-West Germanic *wardēn, from Proto-Germanic *wardāną. Compare Luxembourgish waarden, German warten, English ward, Yiddish וואַרטן (vartn).

(Kirchröadsj, intransitive) to wait (for) [with óp (+ accusative)]


blend

blend (masculine blenne or blende, feminine blenn or blend or blende, comparative blenner or blender, superlative et blendste)

blenne (masculine)
blende (masculine)
blenn (feminine)
blend (feminine)
blende (feminine)
blenner (comparative)
blender (comparative)
et blendste (superlative)

From Old High German blind, northern variant of blint.

(Moselle Franconian, some dialects of Ripuarian) blind, unable to see


med

med (masculine mede, feminine med, comparative meder, superlative et medste)

mede (masculine)
med (feminine)
meder (comparative)
et medste (superlative)

From Middle High German muode, from Old High German muodi.


Eis

From Middle High German and Old High German īs, from Proto-West Germanic *īs, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.


Italie

(Kölsch) Italy (a country in Southern Europe)


lank

lank (masculine lange, feminine lang, comparative länger, superlative et längste)

lange (masculine)
lang (feminine)
länger (comparative)
et längste (superlative)
lank (positive)
strong (positive)
lange (masculine positive)
lank (neuter positive)
lang (feminine positive)
lang (positive)
weak (positive)
lang (neuter positive)
partitive (positive)
langes (masculine neuter positive)
initial (positive)
langem (masculine neuter positive)
langer (feminine positive)
lange (plural positive)
non-initial (positive)
lange (positive)
länger (comparative)
strong (comparative)
längere (comparative masculine)
länger (comparative feminine neuter)
weak (comparative)
partitive (comparative)
längeres (comparative masculine neuter)
initial (comparative)
längerem (comparative masculine neuter)
längerer (comparative feminine)
längere (comparative plural)
non-initial (comparative)
längere (comparative)
et längste (superlative)
strong (superlative)
längste (superlative)
weak (superlative)
initial (superlative)
längstem (masculine neuter superlative)
längster (feminine superlative)
längste (plural superlative)
non-initial (superlative)
not. (superlative)

Ich hann lang Johr drop jewaat.


sechs

From Middle High German sehs, ses, from Old High German sehs, from Proto-West Germanic *sehs, from Proto-Germanic *sehs, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱs. The now marginal variant sähs is the native form, since Old High German -hs- regularly develops into [s] (see Lahs, Ohs, wahße). Compare also fönnef (“five”) and sibbe (“seven”), which are non-native forms, too.


rich

rich (masculine riche, feminine and plural riche or rich, comparative richer, superlative et richste)

riche (masculine)
riche (feminine plural)
rich (feminine plural)
richer (comparative)
et richste (superlative)
rich (positive)
strong (positive)
riche (masculine positive)
rich (neuter positive)
riche (feminine positive)
riche (positive)
weak (positive)
riche (neuter positive)
partitive (positive)
riches (masculine neuter positive)
initial (positive)
richem (masculine neuter positive)
richer (feminine positive)
riche (plural positive)
non-initial (positive)
richer (comparative)
strong (comparative)
richere (comparative masculine)
richer (comparative feminine neuter)
weak (comparative)
partitive (comparative)
richeres (comparative masculine neuter)
initial (comparative)
richerem (comparative masculine neuter)
richerer (comparative feminine)
richere (comparative plural)
non-initial (comparative)
richere (comparative)
et richste (superlative)
strong (superlative)
richste (superlative)
weak (superlative)
initial (superlative)
richstem (masculine neuter superlative)
richster (feminine superlative)
richste (plural superlative)
non-initial (superlative)
not. (superlative)

From Middle High German rīche, from Proto-Germanic *rīkijaz.

Hee wunnt ne riche Mann, dä us vill avjevve kann.
 Vill soll hä jevve, lang soll hä levve!
 Sielig soll hä sterve, der Himmel soll hä erve!

(Can we date this quote?), Traditional (lyrics and music), “Dä hellije Zint Määtes”, a popular song for St. Martin's Day when the children go round singing for sweets:

Here lives a rich man, who can give us a lot.
 A lot he shall give, long he shall live!
 Blessed he shall die, heaven he shall inherit!


john

john (third-person singular present jeht, past tense jeng, past participle jejange)

jeht (present singular third-person)
jeng (past)
jejange (participle past)

From Old High German gān, from Proto-Germanic *gāną.


jot

jot (masculine jode, feminine and plural jot or jode, comparative besser, superlative et beste)

jode (masculine)
jot (feminine plural)
jode (feminine plural)
besser (comparative)
et beste (superlative)

From Old High German guod, northern variant of guot, from Proto-Germanic *gōdaz.


rut

rut (masculine rude or ruhe, feminine and plural rut or ruh or rude, comparative ruder or ruher, superlative et rutste)

rude (masculine)
ruhe (masculine)
rut (feminine plural)
ruh (feminine plural)
rude (feminine plural)
ruder (comparative)
ruher (comparative)
et rutste (superlative)

(Ripuarian, northern Moselle Franconian) red

rot

southern Moselle Franconian and Siegerland


deck

deck (masculine decke, feminine and plural decke or deck, comparative decker, superlative et deckste)

decke (masculine)
decke (feminine plural)
deck (feminine plural)
decker (comparative)
et deckste (superlative)

From Middle High German dicke, from Proto-Germanic *þekuz.


deck

deck (comparative decker, superlative et decks)

decker (comparative)
et decks (superlative)

(archaic in some dialects) often, frequently


deck

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

inflection of decke:
third-person singular present

inflection of decke:
singular imperative


sage

head

sage (third-person singular present tense sät, past tense sat or sät, past participle jesat or jesät)

sät (present singular third-person)
sat (past)
sät (past)
jesat (participle past)
jesät (participle past)

From Middle High German sagen, from Old High German sagēn.


hale

hale (third-person singular present hält, past tense heelt or hielt, past participle jehale or gehale or gehal)

hält (present singular third-person)
heelt (past)
hielt (past)
jehale (participle past)
gehale (participle past)
gehal (participle past)


leech

leech (masculine leechte, feminine and plural leechte or leech, comparative leechter, superlative et leechste)

leechte (masculine)
leechte (feminine plural)
leech (feminine plural)
leechter (comparative)
et leechste (superlative)
leech (positive)
strong (positive)
leechte (masculine positive)
leech (neuter positive)
leechte (feminine positive)
leechte (positive)
weak (positive)
leechte (neuter positive)
partitive (positive)
leechtes (masculine neuter positive)
initial (positive)
leechtem (masculine neuter positive)
leechter (feminine positive)
leechte (plural positive)
non-initial (positive)
leechter (comparative)
strong (comparative)
leechtere (comparative masculine)
leechter (comparative feminine neuter)
weak (comparative)
partitive (comparative)
leechteres (comparative masculine neuter)
initial (comparative)
leechterem (comparative masculine neuter)
leechterer (comparative feminine)
leechtere (comparative plural)
non-initial (comparative)
leechtere (comparative)
et leechste (superlative)
strong (superlative)
leechste (superlative)
weak (superlative)
initial (superlative)
leechstem (masculine neuter superlative)
leechster (feminine superlative)
leechste (plural superlative)
non-initial (superlative)
not. (superlative)

From Middle High German līht, from Proto-Germanic *linhtaz. The form shows shortening before -ht followed by later lengthening in the same position (cf. the same in Luxembourgish liicht). The Colognian form leich is probably influenced by Standard German (reinforced by analogy with words where Colognian has -ei- for other Ripuarian -ee-, from Middle High German -ei-).


Frau

Frau f (plural Fraulöck, Fraulück, Fraulüü or Fraue, diminutive Fräuche)

Fraulöck (plural)
Fraulück (plural)
Fräuche (diminutive)

En der Weetschaff op der Eck stonn die Männer an der Thek.
 Die Fraulückcher setze beim Schwätzje zesamme – es dat vorbei?

1973, “En unserm Veedel”performed by Bläck Fööss:

In the pub on the corner the men are standing at the bar.
 The women (pl. dim.) are sitting together chatting – is all of that over?


fried

fried (masculine friede, feminine fried, comparative frieder, superlative et friedste)

friede (masculine)
fried (feminine)
frieder (comparative)
et friedste (superlative)

From Old High German wrēd(e), northwestern form of reid, from Proto-Germanic *wraiþaz (originally “twisted, bent”, figuratively “hostile, angry”). Cognate with Dutch wreed, English wroth. The attested wrēde could stand for *wreid, but the modern form seems to confirm an irregular early monophthong in this word.
The initial fr- < wr- is regular. Modern dialects usually have r-, but this is a fairly recent development as evidenced by the Middle High German records as well as the fact that fr- remains where there is no Standard German cognate. Compare rieve, but frequentative fribbele, both from the root of Proto-Germanic *wrībaną.

(of food and drink) tart, sharp to the taste, bitter or sour

(of persons) standoffish, aloof, unkind, callous


Frankreich

Se dhun en aller Il inn exerzeere lehre,
 Un dann 'mem ezte Schubb noh Frankreich hinspideere.

1875, Fritz Hönig, „Geschräppels.“ Humoresken. Erster Band, page 20:

(Kölsch) France (a country in Western Europe)


Schwein

Schwein n (plural Schwein or Schweine, diminutive Schweinche)

Schwein (plural)
Schweine (plural)
Schweinche (diminutive)

From Middle High German and Old High German swīn, from Proto-West Germanic *swīn. Native only in western Moselle Franconian, otherwise borrowed from standard German.

(western Moselle Franconian) pig; swine (animal)


Sau

Sau f (plural Säu or Sei, diminutive Säuche or Seiche)

Säu (plural)
Sei (plural)
Säuche (diminutive)
Seiche (diminutive)

From Middle High German sū, from Old High German sū, from Proto-West Germanic *sū.

Sou

spelling variant, chiefly used for Moselle Franconian dialects

(Ripuarian, western Moselle Franconian) sow; female pig

(eastern Moselle Franconian) pig (male or female)


Kanada

Ich wor in Hongkong, USA, op Ibiza, Kanada

2007, das kölsche liedbuch, (Lund Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Köln), p. 12, song Dat Hätz vun dr Welt

doch dä Dom, dä es dat Schönste op dr Welt.


alt

alt (masculine aale, feminine aal, comparative aaler or ääler or älder, superlative aalste or äälste or ältste)

aale (masculine)
aal (feminine)
aaler (comparative)
ääler (comparative)
älder (comparative)
aalste (superlative)
äälste (superlative)
ältste (superlative)
alt (positive)
strong (positive)
aale (masculine positive)
alt (neuter positive)
aal (feminine positive)
aal (positive)
weak (positive)
aal (neuter positive)
partitive (positive)
aales (masculine neuter positive)
initial (positive)
aalem (masculine neuter positive)
aaler (feminine positive)
aale (plural positive)
non-initial (positive)
aale (positive)
ääler (comparative)
strong (comparative)
äälere (comparative masculine)
ääler (comparative feminine neuter)
weak (comparative)
partitive (comparative)
ääleres (comparative masculine neuter)
initial (comparative)
äälerem (comparative masculine neuter)
äälerer (comparative feminine)
äälere (comparative plural)
non-initial (comparative)
äälere (comparative)
et äälste (superlative)
strong (superlative)
äälste (superlative)
weak (superlative)
initial (superlative)
äälstem (masculine neuter superlative)
äälster (feminine superlative)
äälste (plural superlative)
non-initial (superlative)
not. (superlative)

From Middle High German alt, fromOld High German ald, northern variant of alt. The variation between the stems alt and aal is due to the development -ald- → -āl-, which occurred only in open syllables.

Von aale Löck ka’ mer noch jet liehre.

There’s something to be learnt from old people.

Dat aal Huus möt mer ens renoviere.

That old house should be renovated sometime.


-e

From Middle High German -en, from a merger of various Old High German suffixes. The use for the masculine nominative of the adjective (except in south-eastern dialects) goes back to generalisation of the accusative form. The use for the first-person singular goes back to generalisation of Old High German -ōm, -ēm in weak classes II and III, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-mi.

A common noun plural ending, especially in feminines.

A common adjectival declension ending, especially in the masculine nominative/accusative and the weak dative of all genders.

A common conjugation ending, especially in the infinitive, first-person singular and plural, and third-person plural.


Fuß

Inherited from Old High German fuoz, from Proto-West Germanic *fōt, from Proto-Germanic *fōts, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds.

(southern Moselle Franconian) foot (the lower part of the leg)


Blatt

Blatt n (plural Bläder or Blader, diminutive Blättche)

Bläder (plural)
Blader (plural)
Blättche (diminutive)

From Old High German blad, northern variant of blat.


aan

From Middle High German an, from Old High German ana.


donn

donn (third-person singular present deet or deit, preterite dät, past participle jedon or jedonn)

deet (present singular third-person)
deit (present singular third-person)
dät (preterite)
jedon (participle past)
jedonn (participle past)

From Middle High German duon, from Old High German *duon, northern variant of tuon, from Proto-Germanic *dōną.

(many dialects of Ripuarian, including Kölsch) to do

Ich dät us der Finster luure.

(same dialects) Used in the preterite with a following infinitive to form the paraphrastic preterite.

Ich dät jo noch jet blieve, ävver meng Frau well heem.

I would stay some more, but my wife wants to go home.

(same dialects) Used in the subjunctive with a following infinitive to form the conditional tense.


wick

wick (masculine wigge, feminine and plural wick or wigge, comparative wigger, superlative et wickste)

wigge (masculine)
wick (feminine plural)
wigge (feminine plural)
wigger (comparative)
et wickste (superlative)

From Middle High German wīt, from Old High German (*)wīd, northern variant of wīt, from Proto-Germanic *wīdaz.
The word underwent the regular Ripuarian velarisation -īd- → -igd- → -ig-.

Nemm et Auto, der Wääch es ze wick für ze laufe.

Take the car, the distance is too far to walk.


Sprooch

From Middle High German sprāche, from Old High German sprāhha, from Proto-West Germanic *sprākkijā.

We’ mer se sprääche, dann läv se noch lang,
 Dann jeiht se och niemols kapott.
 Uns Spro(o)ch es e Jeschenk vum leeve Jott.

2013, “Kölsche Jung”performed by Brings, song without written lyrics:

If we speak it, it will live on for long,
 And it will never be broken.
 Our language is a gift of God.


dit

dit (masculine disse, feminine and plural diss)

disse (masculine)
diss (feminine plural)

From Middle High German diser m, whose neuter was dit in Central Franconian (other Middle High German diz). The regular outcome would be disse vs. det. The vocalic variation was levelled one way or the other in all dialects. Levelling of the consonantism remained optional and probably occurred only after the determiner had been chiefly restricted to periods of time.

disse Mond

diss Woch

dit Johr


Ness

Ness n (plural Nester, diminutive Nessje)

From Middle High German nist, byform of nest, from Proto-Germanic *nestą, *nistą. Virtually all Central Franconian dialects (as well as some bordering ones in Rhine and Low Franconian) show the underlying vowel i (hence /nes/, not /nɛs/).


Ab

From Middle High German abbāt, ultimately from Latin abbās, from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אבא, from Proto-Semitic *ʾab-.

(westernmost Ripuarian) An abbot, monastic superior of an abbey


Appel

Appel m (plural Äppel, diminutive Äppelche)

Hunsrik: Eppel

Luxembourgish: Apel

From Middle High German apfel, from Old High German apful, from Proto-West Germanic *applu, from Proto-Germanic *aplaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl.
Compare German Apfel.


Bild

head

Bild n (plural Bilder or Biller, diminutive Bildche)

Bilder (plural)
Biller (plural)
Bildche (diminutive)

From Old High German bilidi, from Proto-West Germanic *biliþī. The vocalism -i- is regular due to the originally open syllable. The variant Beld may be from an early contraction or due to analogy with words with original -ld, such as weld (“wild”).

(most dialects) image; picture; painting; photo


Boom

Boom m (plural Bööm or Beem or Bääm, diminutive Böömche or Beemche or Bäämche)

Bööm (plural)
Beem (plural)
Bääm (plural)
Böömche (diminutive)
Beemche (diminutive)
Bäämche (diminutive)

From Middle High German and Old High German boum.

Met sengem neue Kleedche mot it och op dä Boom klemme!

But she simply had to climb on that tree in her new dress!


Ball

Ball m (plural Balle or Bäll, diminutive Bällche)

Balle (plural)
Bäll (plural)
Bällche (diminutive)

From Middle High German and Old High German bal, from Proto-Germanic *balluz.

(most dialects) ball (round or roundish object, most commonly used in games)


Ball

(most dialects, dance) ball (social gathering for dancing), prom (US)


Bier

From Middle High German bier, from Old High German bior, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą.


Bier

From Middle High German bēr, from Old High German bēr, from Proto-West Germanic *bair.

Buur, Bär un Bier sinn drei kodde Dier.

Farmer, bear and boar are three evil animals. (Old Colognian proverb expressing city-dwellers’ snobbery)

(most dialects) a male uncastrated pig; a boar


Fuss

Fuss m (plural Fusse or Füss or Fiss, diminutive Füssje or Fissche)

Fusse (plural)
Füss (plural)
Fiss (plural)
Füssje (diminutive)
Fissche (diminutive)

(Ripuarian, dated in northern Moselle Franconian) fox

(same dialects) red-haired person, redhead


Januar

Et wor der eezte Januar, un [...]

1974, Wilhelm Schneider-Clauss (posthumous), Willi Reisdorf (foreword), Et Kölsche Hätz: Novellen von Wilhelm Schneider-Clauss. Band III der Gesamtausgabe der Werke in kölnischer Mundart, p. 67


Kies

e Röggelche met Kies

a rye roll with cheese (common snack in pubs)

(Ripuarian, western Moselle Franconian) cheese


Himmel

Wenn am Himmel de Stääne danze
 Un dä Dom sing Jlocke spillt,
Jo, dann weiß ich, datt ich derheim ben,
 Jo, derheim ben hee am Rhing.

2011, “Stääne”, performed by Klüngelköpp:

When the stars are dancing in the sky
 And the Cologne Cathedral plays its bells,
 Yeah, then I know that I am home,
 Yeah, I am home here on the Rhine.

Verdammp lang her, datt ich bei dir am Jrav wor.
 Verdammp lang her, datt mir jesprochen hann,
 Un datt vum eine och jet beim andre aankom –
 Su lang, datt ich mich kaum erinnere kann.
 Häs fess jejläuv, datt wä em Himmel op dich waat.
 „Ich jünne ’t dir“, hann ich jesat.

1981, “Verdamp lang her”performed by BAP:

Damn long ago that I came to your grave.
 Damn long ago that we talked,
 And that something really came across from one to the other –
 So long that I can hardly remember.
 You firmly believed someone would be waiting for you in heaven.
 “I hope there will be”, I said.


Hand

Hand f (plural Hänn or Häng, diminutive Händche)

Hänn (plural)
Häng (plural)
Händche (diminutive)

From Middle High German and Old High German *hand, northern variant of hant. The regular form in Moselle Franconian and some southern dialects of Ripuarian is Hand with a plural Hänn (< *hende) through the development: intervocalic -nd- → -nn-. The regular form in most of Ripuarian is Hank with a plural Häng (< *henge) through velarization and subsequently a corresponding development: intervocalic -ŋg- → -ŋŋ-.
These regular systems are preserved in Moselle Franconian and western Ripuarian. In many eastern and central Ripuarian dialects, the native velarization has to a large degree been reverted under the influence of standard German and surrounding varieties. This reversion, which has emanated from Cologne, is irregular, affecting -nk more than it does -ng-, and hence it has led to occasional variation between velarized and de-velarized forms within the inflectional paradigm of one word (compare Wand, Zand, schänge).


Mond

From a conflation of Old High German māno (from Proto-Germanic *mēnô) and mānōd (from Proto-Germanic *mēnōþs), both from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s.

Wa’ mer naachs em Bösch es, süht mer, wie hell der Mond schengk.

When you’re in the forest at night, you see how bright the moon shines.

Ich hann ald drei Mond nur der halve Luhn jekräje.

I’ve been paid just half my salary for three months now.


Plan

Plan m (plural Pläne, diminutive Plänche)

Borrowed from French plan, possibly derived from Latin planus. Compare Hunsrik Plaan.

map (schematic maps of streets, subways, etc., often detailed)


Rad

Rad n (plural Räder or Rader or Rädder or Radder, diminutive Rädche)

Räder (plural)
Rader (plural)
Rädder (plural)
Radder (plural)
Rädche (diminutive)

From Middle High German rat, from Old High German, from Proto-West Germanic *raþ, from Proto-Germanic *raþą.

Raad

optionally for the respective pronunciations


Same

From Middle High German sām, sāme, from Old High German sāmo.


Sie

From Old High German *sīda, northern variant of sīta, from Proto-Germanic *sīdǭ.

Jank op Sie!


Steen

Steen m (plural Steen, diminutive Steenche)

(Ripuarian, western Moselle Franconian) stone


Stock

Stock m (plural Stöck or Stäck, diminutive Stöckelche or Stäckelche)

Stöck (plural)
Stäck (plural)
Stöckelche (diminutive)
Stäckelche (diminutive)

From Middle High German stoc, from Old High German stoc, from Proto-West Germanic *stokk.


Wand

Wand f (plural Wänn or Wäng, diminutive Wändche)

Wänn (plural)
Wäng (plural)
Wändche (diminutive)

From Middle High German and Old High German *wand, northern variant of want. For the phonetic development compare Hand.


F

* /f/ is from West Germanic post-vocalic *p; from *p in lp, rp in Moselle Franconian; from *ff; from stem-initial *f except around Aachen and in the Netherlands.

A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.

A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.


kurt

kurt (masculine kurte, feminine and plural kurte or kurt, comparative kürter, superlative et kürzte or kürtste)

kurte (masculine)
kurte (feminine plural)
kurt (feminine plural)
kürter (comparative)
et kürzte (superlative)
kürtste (superlative)

From Old High German kurt, from Proto-West Germanic *kurt, from Latin curtus. The word was borrowed around the time when the High German consonant shift ceased to be active, which explains the Old High German doublets kurt and kurz. The fact that within Central Franconian the t-form is northern, may imply that it has been reinforced by Low Franconian and Low German influence.

Och, fröhter hätte mer us jeschammp, met su nem kurte Kleedche op de Stroß ze john!

Oh, in my day we would have been ashamed to go outside in such a short dress!

(Ripuarian, north-western Moselle Franconian) short; not long


B

* /b/ is from West Germanic stem-initial *b, in Ripuarian and northernmost Moselle Franconian also from geminated *bb.


D

* /d/ is from West Germanic *d and *þ, in Ripuarian and northernmost Moselle Franconian also from geminated *dd (but not *þþ).


E

* /ɛ/ is from Middle High German e (both ë and ẹ) in most closed syllables, in some dialects also in open syllables; in Moselle Franconian from ö in the same positions.
* /e/ is from i in most closed syllables; in Moselle Franconian from ü in the same positions.
* /eː/ is from ei in Ripuarian and western Moselle Franconian (latter also öu); from ie in Ripuarian and northern Moselle Franconian (latter also üe); from ē, œ in southern Moselle Franconian; in some Moselle Franconian dialects from e, ö in open syllables.


aod

't Aods (partitive)
heë is aod (masculine predicative singular)
zie is aod (feminine predicative singular)
't is aod (neuter predicative singular)
zie zunt aod (plural predicative)
aode (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
aode (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
aod (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
aode (nominative plural strong without-article)
aodes (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
aoder (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
aodes (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
aoder (genitive plural strong without-article)
aodem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
aoder (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
aodem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
aoden (dative plural strong without-article)
aoden (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
aode (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
aod (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
aode (accusative plural strong without-article)
d'r aode (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
de aode (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
't aode (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
de aode (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
g'r aode (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
ge aode (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
ge aode (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
ge aode (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
dès aode (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
dèr aode (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
dès aode (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
dèr aode (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
gès aode (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
gèr aode (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
gès aode (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
gèr aode (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
d'm aode (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
d'r aode (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
d'm aode (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
d'n aode (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
g'm aode (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
g'r aode (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
g'm aode (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
g'n aode (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
d'n aode (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
de aode (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
't aode (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
de aode (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
g'n aode (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
ge aode (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
ge aode (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
ge aode (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
inne aode (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
ing aode (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ee aode (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
jet aode (includes-article indefinite mixed nominative plural)
innes aode (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
inger aode (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eens aode (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
jetter aode (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed plural)
innem aode (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
inger aode (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ee aode (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
jet aode (dative includes-article indefinite mixed plural)
innen aode (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
ing aode (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ee aode (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
jet aode (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed plural)
heë is auwer (comparative masculine predicative singular)
zie is auwer (comparative feminine predicative singular)
't is auwer (comparative neuter predicative singular)
zie zunt auwer (comparative plural predicative)
auwere (comparative masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
auwere (comparative feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
auwer (comparative neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
auwere (comparative nominative plural strong without-article)
auweres (comparative genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
auwerer (comparative feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
auweres (comparative genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
auwerer (comparative genitive plural strong without-article)
auwerem (comparative dative masculine singular strong without-article)
auwerer (comparative dative feminine singular strong without-article)
auwerem (comparative dative neuter singular strong without-article)
auweren (comparative dative plural strong without-article)
auweren (accusative comparative masculine singular strong without-article)
auwere (accusative comparative feminine singular strong without-article)
auweres (accusative comparative neuter singular strong without-article)
auwere (accusative comparative plural strong without-article)
d'r auwere (comparative definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
de auwer (comparative definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
't auwere (comparative definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
de auwer (comparative definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
g'r auwere (comparative definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
ge auwer (comparative definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
ge auwere (comparative definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
ge auwer (comparative definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
dès auwere (comparative definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
dèr auwer (comparative definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
dès auwere (comparative definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
dèr auwer (comparative definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
gès auwere (comparative definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
gèr auwer (comparative definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
gès auwere (comparative definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
gèr auwer (comparative definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
d'm auwere (comparative dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
d'r auwer (comparative dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
d'm auwere (comparative dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
d'n auwer (comparative dative definite includes-article plural weak)
g'm auwere (comparative dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
g'r auwer (comparative dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
g'm auwere (comparative dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
g'n auwer (comparative dative definite includes-article plural weak)
d'n auwere (accusative comparative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
de auwer (accusative comparative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
't auwere (accusative comparative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
de auwer (accusative comparative definite includes-article plural weak)
g'n auwere (accusative comparative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
ge auwer (accusative comparative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
ge auwere (accusative comparative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
ge auwer (accusative comparative definite includes-article plural weak)
inne auwere (comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
ing auwer (comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ee auwere (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
jet auwer (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed nominative plural)
innes auwere (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
inger auwer (comparative feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eens auwere (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
jetter auwer (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed plural)
innem auwere (comparative dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
inger auwer (comparative dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ee auwere (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
jet auwer (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed plural)
innen auwere (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
ing auwer (accusative comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ee auwere (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
jet auwer (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed plural)
heë is 't äudste (masculine predicative singular superlative)
zie is 't äudste (feminine predicative singular superlative)
't is 't äudste (neuter predicative singular superlative)
zie zunt 't äudste (plural predicative superlative)
äudste (masculine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
äudste (feminine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
äudste (neuter nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
äudste (nominative plural strong superlative without-article)
äudstes (genitive masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
äudster (feminine genitive singular strong superlative without-article)
äudstes (genitive neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
äudster (genitive plural strong superlative without-article)
äudstem (dative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
äudster (dative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
äudstem (dative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
äudsten (dative plural strong superlative without-article)
äudsten (accusative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
äudste (accusative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
äudste (accusative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
äudste (accusative plural strong superlative without-article)
d'r äudste (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular superlative weak)
de äudste (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular superlative weak)
't äudste (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular superlative weak)
de äudste (definite includes-article nominative plural superlative weak)
g'r äudste (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular superlative weak)
ge äudste (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular superlative weak)
ge äudste (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular superlative weak)
ge äudste (definite includes-article nominative plural superlative weak)
dès äudste (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
dèr äudste (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular superlative weak)
dès äudste (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
dèr äudste (definite genitive includes-article plural superlative weak)
gès äudste (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
gèr äudste (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular superlative weak)
gès äudste (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
gèr äudste (definite genitive includes-article plural superlative weak)
d'm äudste (dative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
d'r äudste (dative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
d'm äudste (dative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
d'n äudste (dative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
g'm äudste (dative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
g'r äudste (dative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
g'm äudste (dative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
g'n äudste (dative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
d'n äudste (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
de äudste (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
't äudste (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
de äudste (accusative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
g'n äudste (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
ge äudste (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
ge äudste (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
ge äudste (accusative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
inne äudste (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular superlative)
ing äudste (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular superlative)
ee äudste (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular superlative)
jet äudste (includes-article indefinite mixed nominative plural superlative)
innes äudste (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
inger äudste (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
eens äudste (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
jetter äudste (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed plural superlative)
innem äudste (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
inger äudste (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
ee äudste (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
jet äudste (dative includes-article indefinite mixed plural superlative)
innen äudste (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
ing äudste (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
ee äudste (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
jet äudste (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed plural superlative)

gmw-cfr-decl-adj-table-krj

Positive forms of <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-cfr">aod</i> for Type I adjectives in Kerkradish (Kirchröadsj)

Comparative forms of <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-cfr">aod</i> in Kerkradish (Kirchröadsj)

Superlative forms of <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-cfr">aod</i> in Kerkradish (Kirchröadsj)

From Middle High German alt, Old High German ald (northern variant of alt), from Proto-West Germanic *ald, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz, from Proto-Indo-European *altós, *h₂eltós, from *h₂el- (“grow, nourish”). Compare Limburgish aad, Luxembourgish al, Dutch oud, Low German old, West Frisian âld, English old.

Aod weëde is sjun, mar aod zieë nit.

Growing old is great, but being old isn't.


R

* /ʀ/ is from West Germanic *r. In most dialects it is vowelised in two cases: (1.) between a short vowel and an alveolar, (2.) after a long vowel. Especially in the former case it may also be lost entirely.


G

* /ɡ/ is from West Germanic stem-initial *g in most of Moselle Franconian; from *gg in Ripuarian and northernmost Moselle Franconian; in much of Ripuarian from *d, *þ after long high vowels.
* For the origin of /j/, see J. /ɣ/ replaces the former after back vowels.


J

* /j/, /ɣ/ are from West Germanic stem-initial *j; from stem-internal *g; from stem-initial *g in Ripuarian and northernmost Moselle Franconian.


P

* /p/ is from West Germanic stem-initial or geminated *p; from *p in sp, mp, in Ripuarian also lp, rp; in most of Moselle Franconian from *bb.


V

* /v/ is from West Germanic stem-internal *b and *f; from stem-initial *f around Aachen and in the Netherlands.
* For the origin of /f/, see F. For the origin of /ʋ/, see W.


N

* /n/ is from West Germanic *n.
* /ŋ/ is from West Germanic *ng; in most of Ripuarian from *n after long high vowels and from *nd.


H

* /h/ is from West Germanic stem-initial *h.


Z

* /ts/ is from West Germanic stem-initial, geminated or post-sonorant *t.
* For the origin of /z/, see S.


K

* /k/ is from West Germanic stem-initial or geminated *k; from *k in nk, lk, rk; in most of Moselle Franconian from *gg.


W

* /ʋ/ is from West Germanic stem-initial *w.
* For the origin of /v/, see V.


U

* /u/ is from Middle High German u in open syllables; in Ripuarian from ū before velars.
* /uː/ is from ū before non-velars in Ripuarian; from ō in Ripuarian and northern Moselle Franconian; from uo in southern Moselle Franconian.
* For the origin of /ø/, see Ö. For the origin of /y/, /yː/, see Ü.


T

* /t/ is from unshifted West Germanic *t (in tr, ft, st, ht and relicts); occasionally from *d, *þ through analogy (e.g. preterite suffix); from *þþ; in most of Moselle Franconian also from *dd.


S

* /z/, /ʃ/ are from West Germanic *s.
* For the origin of /s/, see ß.


O

* /ɔ/ is from Middle High German o in most closed syllables, in some dialects also in open syllables.
* /o/ is from u in most closed syllables.
* /ɔː/ is from ā; from o before certain consonants; in eastern Moselle Franconian from ou.
* /oː/ is from uo in Ripuarian and northern Moselle Franconian; from ou in Ripuarian and northwestern Moselle Franconian; from ō in southern Moselle Franconian; in some Moselle Franconian dialects from o in open syllables.


weld

head

weld (masculine welle or welde, feminine and plural well or weld or welde, comparative weller or welder, superlative et weldste)

welle (masculine)
welde (masculine)
well (feminine plural)
weld (feminine plural)
welde (feminine plural)
weller (comparative)
welder (comparative)
et weldste (superlative)

From Middle High German wilde, from Old High German wildi, from Proto-West Germanic *wilþī, from Proto-Germanic *wilþijaz.


I

* For the origin of /e/, see E.
* /i/ is from Middle High German i in open syllables; in Ripuarian from ī before velars.
* /iː/ is from ī before non-velars in Ripuarian; from ē in Ripuarian and northern Moselle Franconian; from ie, üe in southern Moselle Franconian; from æ (œ) in some dialects.


Halve Hahn

(chiefly Kölsch) a cheese sandwich, cut in half


Brot

Hunsrik: Brod

Luxembourgish: Brout

From Middle High German brōt, from Old High German brōt, from Proto-West Germanic *braud, from Proto-Germanic *braudą, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-.


komme

head

komme (third-person singular present kennt or kött, past tense kom, past participle komme or jekomme or gekomme)

kennt (present singular third-person)
kött (present singular third-person)
kom (past)
komme (participle past)
jekomme (participle past)
gekomme (participle past)

From Old High German kweman, from Proto-West Germanic *kweman, from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷémt. The form is native in Moselle Franconian, but borrowed from German in Ripuarian.

konn

Ripuarian; some Moselle Franconian dialects; chiefly dated


Brut

Brut n (plural Brude, diminutive Brütche)

From Middle High German brōt, from Old High German *brōd, northern variant of brōt.

Dat Brut maach ich net, dat es mer ze drüch.

I don’t like that bread, it’s too dry for me.

(Ripuarian, northern Moselle Franconian) bread


allt

From all (“all”) with a fossiled neuter ending -t. Compare Dutch al.

Ich hann allt drissig Minutte op dich jewaat!

I’ve already waited for you for thirty minutes!

(Ripuarian, northern Moselle Franconian) already


legge

legge (third-person singular present tense legg, past tense lett, past participle jeledde or jelegge)

legg (present singular third-person)
lett (past)
jeledde (participle past)
jelegge (participle past)

From Middle High German līden, from Old High German līdan, from Proto-West Germanic *līþan.


där

(eastern Moselle Franconian) masculine nominative


hann

hann (third-person singular present hät or hat, past tense hatt, past participle jehatt or gehatt)

hät (present singular third-person)
hat (present singular third-person)
hatt (past)
jehatt (participle past)
gehatt (participle past)

From Middle High German hān, from Old High German havēn, northern variant of habēn.


zehn

From Old High German zehan, from Proto-Germanic *tehun (“ten”), from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥ (“ten”). The vocalic development is comparable to that in sehn (“to see”), i.e. Old High German -eha- was contracted and merged with -ia- (see the same in Dutch tien, zien).

(Ripuarian, northern Moselle Franconian) ten


Oder

Oder f (plural Odere, diminutive Öderche or Äderche)

Odere (plural)
Öderche (diminutive)
Äderche (diminutive)

From Middle High German āder, from Old High German ādra, from Proto-West Germanic *ādrā.

Die Lück, su klein wie Insekte.
 Die Hüüsjer sinn us wie jemolt.
 Dä Floss, en vibrierende Oder.
 Un Felder, se lööchte en Jold.

The people, as small as insects.
 The houses look like painted.
 The river, a vibrating vein.
 And the fields, they are glowing golden.


drage

drage (third-person singular present drät, past tense drooch, past participle jedrage)

drät (present singular third-person)
drooch (past)
jedrage (participle past)

From Middle High German dragen, from Old High German *dragan, northern variant of tragan, from Proto-Germanic *draganą.

(most of Ripuarian) to carry, bear, wear


spille

spille (third-person singular present spillt, past participle jespillt or gespillt)

spillt (present singular third-person)
jespillt (participle past)
gespillt (participle past)

From Middle High German spilen, from Old High German spilōn, from Proto-West Germanic *spilōn.


Brock

From Old High German *brūd, northern variant of brūt. The word underwent the regular Ripuarian velarization -ūd- → -ugd- → -og-.

(most of Ripuarian) bride (woman on or with regard to her wedding day)


piel

From Old High German *pīl, northern variant of pfīl (“arrow”), from Latin pīlum. As a noun, the word has been lost in the dialects and has been reintroduced as Feil from cognate German Pfeil.

Hä schmieß der Ball piel en de Loff.

He throws the ball straight up in the air.


vill

vill (irregular declension, comparative mieh, superlative et mietste or mieste or mieschte or määste or määschte)

declension (irregular)
mieh (comparative)
et mietste (superlative)
mieste (superlative)
mieschte (superlative)
määste (superlative)
määschte (superlative)

From Old High German filu, from Proto-Germanic *felu.


ander

ander (masculine andere, feminine ander)

From Middle High German ander, from Old High German andar.
The form is non-native in Central Franconian and borrowed from standard German anderer in those eastern and central Ripuarian dialects that often replace their inherited -ng- with -nd-.


oot

oot (masculine aue, feminine au, comparative auer or äuer or älder, superlative et ootste or äutste or ältste)

aue (masculine)
au (feminine)
auer (comparative)
äuer (comparative)
älder (comparative)
et ootste (superlative)
äutste (superlative)
ältste (superlative)


dut

dut (masculine dude or duhe, feminine and plural dut or duh or dude)

dude (masculine)
duhe (masculine)
dut (feminine plural)
duh (feminine plural)
dude (feminine plural)

From Old High German *dōd, northern variant of tōt.

Do litt ene dude Honk nevve der Stroß.

(Ripuarian, northern Moselle Franconian) dead; not alive


Kölsch

Nominalization of kölsch (“of Cologne”).


Faß

Faß n (plural Fäßer or Faßer, diminutive Fäßje or Fäßche)

Fäßer (plural)
Faßer (plural)
Fäßje (diminutive)
Fäßche (diminutive)

From Middle High German vaz, from Old High German faz, from Proto-West Germanic *fat.

Als sich dat römjesproche hät, do wood vill diskutiert,
 Ob dat Kölsch jedronke weed oder analysiert,
 Dermet mer Neues maache kann – do ha’ mir vier jesat:
 Rusemondaach weed dat Faß en Kölle opjemaht!

1996, “10 Liter Kölsch”performed by Filue:

When word got around, there was a lot of discussion
 Whether that Kölsch beer should be drunk or analysed,
 So that new beer could be made – but the four of us said:
 On Carnival Monday that keg will be opened in Cologne!

(most dialects) barrel, vat, keg, especially for liquids


haat

haat (masculine haade, feminine and plural haat or haade, comparative hääder or haader, superlative et häätste or haatste)

haade (masculine)
haat (feminine plural)
haade (feminine plural)
hääder (comparative)
haader (comparative)
et häätste (superlative)
haatste (superlative)

From Middle High German hart, from Old High German *hard, northern variant of hart, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī).

(many dialects of Ripuarian) hard; not soft

hatt

most dialects of Moselle Franconian; variant in Ripuarian


naß

naß (masculine naße, feminine and plural naße or naß, comparative naßer, superlative et naßte)

naße (masculine)
naße (feminine plural)
naß (feminine plural)
naßer (comparative)
et naßte (superlative)

From Middle High German naz, from Proto-Germanic *nataz.


Klotz

Klotz m (plural Klötz or Klätz, diminutive Klötzje or Klätzche)

Klötz (plural)
Klätz (plural)
Klötzje (diminutive)
Klätzche (diminutive)

From Middle High German kloz, from Proto-West Germanic *klott.

(most dialects) block, log, chunk (piece of a hard material)


Klotz

Klotz n (plural Klötzer or Klätzer, diminutive Klötzje or Klätzche)

Klötzer (plural)
Klätzer (plural)
Klötzje (diminutive)
Klätzche (diminutive)

(most dialects) ball, lump, clot (solidified piece of a soft material)


weit

weit (masculine weide, feminine weit, comparative weider, superlative et weitste)

weide (masculine)
weit (feminine)
weider (comparative)
et weitste (superlative)

From Old High German (*)wīd, northern variant of wīt, from Proto-Germanic *wīdaz.


Hank

Hank f (plural Häng, diminutive Hängche)

From Old High German (*)hand, northern variant of hant. See Hand for more.

(Ripuarian, now chiefly western dialects) hand


Schwester

Schwester f (plural Schwestere, diminutive Schwesterche)

Schwestere (plural)
Schwesterche (diminutive)

From Middle High German swëster, from Old High German swester, from Proto-Germanic *swestēr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.
The native form, at least in western dialects, is Söster with swe- → sü- (compare Dutch zuster). The modern form is based on German Schwester.

Meng Schwester es net ens e Johr aaler wie ich.

My sister is less than a year older than me.


wahr

wahr (masculine wahre, feminine wahr or wahre, not comparable)

wahre (masculine)
wahr (feminine)
wahre (feminine)

From German wahr. Doublet of inherited wohr (“truthful”).

Dat es en wahre Praach!


noh

noh (masculine nohe, feminine noh, comparative noher or nöher or nöhter, superlative et nohste or nöhste or nöhtste or nöchste or nächste)

nohe (masculine)
noh (feminine)
noher (comparative)
nöher (comparative)
nöhter (comparative)
et nohste (superlative)
nöhste (superlative)
nöhtste (superlative)
nöchste (superlative)
nächste (superlative)

From Old High German nāh, from Proto-Germanic *nēhw.


Hohn

Hohn n (plural Höhner or Hehner or Hohnder, diminutive Höhnche or Hehnche)

Höhner (plural)
Hehner (plural)
Hohnder (plural)
Höhnche (diminutive)
Hehnche (diminutive)

From Middle High German and Old High German huon, from Proto-West Germanic *hōn.

Wann de Hohn bes, moss de Eier läje könne.
Wann de Hahn bes, moss de op de Höhner klemme könne.

ca. 1970, Blom un Blömcher, Ov de Hohn bes oder Hahn (carnival song)

If you're a hen, you must be able to lay eggs.
If you're a rooster you must be able to climb on the hens.
It's really not a big thing whether you're a hen or a rooster!

(Ripuarian, northern Moselle Franconian) chicken; hen


Kerl

Borrowed from Middle Low German kerl, from Old Saxon *keril, from Proto-West Germanic *karil.

Wer sall meich dann bei die Spielleit fehre, / Wann eich naunder meine Kerl verleere? / Geh, eich wullt, datt Deich der Deiwel hätt!

1874, Peter Joseph Rottmann, Gedichte in Hunsrücker Mundart, page 3:

(Moselle Franconian / Hunsrückisch) fellow, guy, chap, bloke, man


Lein

From Middle High German līn, from Old High German līn, from Proto-West Germanic *līn.

(Moselle Franconian) rope of minor to medium thickness; cord


haue

haue (third-person singular present häut or hait or haut, past participle jehaue or gehaue)

häut (present singular third-person)
hait (present singular third-person)
haut (present singular third-person)
jehaue (participle past)
gehaue (participle past)

(Ripuarian, some dialects of Moselle Franconian) to hit, beat


haue

haue (third-person singular present hält, past tense heel or heelt, past participle jehaue)

hält (present singular third-person)
heel (past)
heelt (past)
jehaue (participle past)

From Middle High German halden, northern variant of halten.

Hott de Hohnder en der Stall!
Hott de Hohnder en der Stall!
Dä Hahn es ene sexy Kannibal...

1976, “Der Haan”performed by Nico Ploum, Kerkrade Ripuarian cited here in German-based orthography:

Keep the chickens in the coop!
Keep the chickens in the coop!
The rooster is a sexy cannibal...


freh

From Middle High German vrüeje, vrüe, from Old High German fruoi, from Proto-West Germanic *frō(ī) (“early”).


düster

düster (masculine düstere, feminine düster, comparative düsterer, superlative et düsterste)

düstere (masculine)
düster (feminine)
düsterer (comparative)
et düsterste (superlative)

From north-western Middle High German diuster, from Old High German thiustri, from Proto-West Germanic *þiustrī.
While Standard German düster is a borrowing from Low German, the word is native in Central Franconian and some bordering dialects of Rhine Franconian; compare Luxembourgish däischter.

Ich jläuv, die Klappsetz wore rut bespannt.
 Ich ben nit secher, doch ich jläuv met Samp.
 Vürhang met Stääne drop,
 ’T wood düster un hä jing op.

I think the folding seats were covered in red.
 I’m not sure, but I think in velvet.
 A curtain with stars on it,
 All went dark and then it opened.


setze

setze (third-person singular present setz or setzt, past tense soß, past participle jesäße or gesess)

setz (present singular third-person)
setzt (present singular third-person)
soß (past)
jesäße (participle past)
gesess (participle past)

From Middle High German sitzen, from Old High German sizzen, from Proto-West Germanic *sittjan.


setze

setze (third-person singular present setz or setzt, past tense satz, past participle jesatz or gesatz or gesat)

setz (present singular third-person)
setzt (present singular third-person)
satz (past)
jesatz (participle past)
gesatz (participle past)
gesat (participle past)

From Middle High German setzen, from Old High German sezzen, from Proto-West Germanic *sattjan. Compare German setzen, Dutch zetten, English set.

sätze

used in order to distinguish from etymology 1


Bonn

From Middle High German Bunne, from Old High German Bunna, from Proto-West Germanic *Bunnā, from Latin Bonna. The Central Franconian form with /o/ (rather than /ɔ/) clearly continues the original Germanic -u-. See German Bonn for more.

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Bonn (a city on the Rhine in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Aad

From Middle High German art, from Old High German *art, from Proto-West Germanic *ard, from Proto-Germanic *ardiz. Compare German Art, Luxembourgish Aart, Limburgish aard and Dutch aard.

(Kirchröadsj) nature, character, disposition

(Kirchröadsj, biology, taxonomy) species


Metz

Metz n (plural Metzer, diminutive Metzje)

From Old High German mezzisahs. The Central Franconian -t- might hint at an unshifted relict form; compare Middle Dutch and Limburgish mets. However, the strong contraction may have led to irregular forms, particularly since this /t/ reaches further south than most relict forms do. Influence by the Latin word in Metzeler (“butcher”) is also possible.

Pass op, datt der Jong et Metz net en de Häng kritt.

Take care that the boy won’t get his hands on the knife.

(Ripuarian, some dialects of Moselle Franconian) knife


brille

From Middle High German brüelen, ultimately imitative. Cognate with German brüllen. Other languages that share the same verb and have the same meaning ("to cry") are Alemannic German brüele and Hunsrik brille.

Tobich Mensch! watt brauchste so se brille? / ’diß nau ähmol annerscht nitt mei Wille, / Unn eich honn Der’t jo schunn lang gesaht:

1874, Peter Joseph Rottmann, Gedichte in Hunsrücker Mundart, page 4:

(Moselle Franconian / Hunsrückisch) to cry


Aaf

From Middle High German affe, from Old High German affo, from Proto-West Germanic *apō, from Proto-Germanic *apô.

(western Moselle Franconian, few dialects of Ripuarian, Limburgan Ripuarian) ape; monkey


hee

From Old High German hia, alternative form of hiar. Compare archaic German hie, Luxembourgish hei.

(Ripuarian, northern Moselle Franconian) here; in this place


ß

* /s/ is from West Germanic post-vocalic *t and *ss.


stelle

stelle (third-person singular present stellt, preterite stallt, past participle jestallt or gestallt)

stellt (present singular third-person)
stallt (preterite)
jestallt (participle past)
gestallt (participle past)

From Middle High German stellen, from Proto-West Germanic *stalljan.

(most dialects) to put, place, make stand


stelle

stelle (third-person singular present stillt, preterite stohl, past participle jestolle or gestolle)

stillt (present singular third-person)
stohl (preterite)
jestolle (participle past)
gestolle (participle past)

From Middle High German stelen, from Proto-Germanic *stelaną.

(Ripuarian, eastern Moselle Franconian) to steal


jään

jään (comparative leever, superlative et leevs or et leevste)

leever (comparative)
et leevs (superlative)
et leevste (superlative)

From Middle High German gerne, from Proto-Germanic *gernô.

(central and eastern Ripuarian) gladly, with pleasure (expresses English like to)


jään

(chiefly western Ripuarian) Alternative form of jäje


Weiher

Weiher m (plural Weihere, diminutive Weiherche)

From Middle High German wīher, from Old High German wīwāri, from Proto-West Germanic *wīwārī (“pond”). The diphthongisation in Ripuarian is regular because (after the loss intervocalic -w-) the -ī- was in hiatus, where Ripuarian does diphthongise. The diphthong would regularly be /ei̯/ rather than /ɛi̯/, but this distinction has only survived stem-finally.


koot

koot (masculine koote, feminine and plural koote or koot, comparative kööter, superlative et köötste)

koote (masculine)
koote (feminine plural)
koot (feminine plural)
kööter (comparative)
et köötste (superlative)

From Middle High German kurz, from Old High German kurt, from Proto-West Germanic *kurt, from Latin curtus.
The word was borrowed around the time when the High German consonant shift ceased to be active, which explains the Old High German doublets kurt and kurz. The fact that within Central Franconian the t-sound is northern, may imply that it has been reinforced by Low Franconian and Low German influence.


Rus

Rus f (plural Ruse, diminutive Rüsje or Riesche)

Ruse (plural)
Rüsje (diminutive)
Riesche (diminutive)

From Old High German rōsa, from Latin rosa.


lesse

lesse (third-person singular present liss or lisst or less or lesst, past tense los, past participle jelesse or gelesse)

liss (present singular third-person)
lisst (present singular third-person)
less (present singular third-person)
lesst (present singular third-person)
tense los (past)
jelesse (participle past)
gelesse (participle past)

Kanns de net lesse? Do steht et doch jeschrevve.

Can't you read? It's written right there.

(Ripuarian, eastern Moselle Franconian) to read


regge

regge (third-person singular present tense reck, past tense rett, past participle jeredde or jeregge)

reck (present singular third-person)
rett (past)
jeredde (participle past)
jeregge (participle past)

From Middle High German rīden, from Old High German *rīdan, northern variant of rītan.


Ääd

From Middle High German ërde, from Old High German erda, from Proto-Germanic *erþō.


Jitta

From French guitare and/or German Gitarre.


Ääpel

Contracted from Äädappel, a compound of Ääd (“earth, ground”) + Appel (“apple”). Compare German Erdapfel, Dutch aardappel, French pomme de terre.


eich

1874, Peter Joseph Rottmann, Gedichte in Hunsrücker Mundart, 4th edition, page 3:


hä

From Middle High German her, from Old High German her, from Proto-West Germanic *hiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hiz.

(most dialects) he; nominative of the third-person singular masculine


suur

suur (masculine suure, feminine suur, comparative suurer, superlative et suurste)

suure (masculine)
suur (feminine)
suurer (comparative)
et suurste (superlative)

From Middle High German and Old High German sūr.


bläck

bläck (masculine bläcke, feminine and plural bläcke or bläck, comparative bläcker, superlative et bläckste)

bläcke (masculine)
bläcke (feminine plural)
bläck (feminine plural)
bläcker (comparative)
et bläckste (superlative)

Immediately comparable with Dutch blak (“bald, flat”) and thus possibly an unshifted form. Further probably related with German blecken (“to show one's teeth”), Dutch blaken (“to glow, blaze”), and hence with the root of English bleak, blank.

Wat lööfs de och met bläcke Been durch der Schnie?

For what did you run through the snow with bare legs at all?

(chiefly Ripuarian) bare, naked, uncovered; said of body parts, not of people


kalle

kalle (third-person singular present kallt or kalt, past tense kallte or kallet, past participle jekallt or jekald)

kallt (present singular third-person)
kalt (present singular third-person)
kallte (past)
kallet (past)
jekallt (participle past)
jekald (participle past)

From Middle High German kallen, from Old High German kallōn, northern variant of challōn, from Proto-West Germanic *kalʀōn, from Proto-Germanic *kalzōną. Compare Limburgish kalle, Dutch kallen, English call, Old Norse kalla.

sprääche

now often preferred under standard German influence

Mer kalle, wie us de Schnüss jewahßen es.

We speak the way our mouths have grown (i.e. in our native dialect).

(chiefly Ripuarian, including Kirchröadsj) to speak; to talk; to chat

(Kirchröadsj, obsolete) to give a name to


ruche

ruche (third-person singular present rüch, past tense roch, past participle jeroche)

rüch (present singular third-person)
roch (past)
jeroche (participle past)

From Middle High German rūchen, from Old High German *rūhhan, northern variant of riohhan.

(Ripuarian, transitive or intransitive) to smell


öm

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

(parts of Eifel) Contraction of ön däm (“in the”).


ov

From Old High German of, *ova, northern variant of oba.

ob

if; western Moselle Franconian; otherwise as a variant, but only in the sense of

Ich weeß net, ov dat stemmp.

Janz ejal, ov du jet ze fiere häs,
 Alles oder nix ze verliere häs,
 Alle Jläser zo de Stääne,
 Denn die Engel, die uns fähle,
 Stusse jään met uns aan.

2014, “Alle Jläser huh”performed by Kasalla:

No matter if you have something to celebrate,
 Everything or nothing to lose,
 All our glasses up to the stars,
 Because the angels that we miss
 Like to clink with us.

Dat mösse foffzig ov sechsig Mann jewäs senn.

They must’ve been fifty or sixty people.

Donnersdaach ov Friedaach moss ich nohm Finanzamp.

I need to go to the tax office Thursday or Friday.


Schlot

From a contraction similar to that in Dutch sla.


Dösseldorp

(Kölsch) Düsseldorf (the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Breme

(Kölsch) Bremen (the capital city of the state of Bremen, Germany)


Blotwoosch

head

Blotwoosch f (plural Blotwöösch, diminutive Blotwööschje)

Blotwöösch (plural)
Blotwööschje (diminutive)


Kappes

From Middle High German kabez, kappuz, kappiz, from Old High German kabuz, from Medieval Latin caputia, from Latin caput (“head”).

Häste keine Kappes metjebrat?

Brassica oleracea
Brassica oleracea#Translingual

Verzäll mer keine Kappes!


Kölle

From Middle High German Cöllen, from Latin Colonia.

(Ripuarian) Cologne (the largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in northwestern Germany)

Källe

though Standard German Köln may now be used


henger

From Middle High German hinter, hinder, from Old High German (*)hindar, northern variant of hintar, from Proto-Germanic *hinder.


baal

From Middle High German balde, from Old High German baldo, from bald (“quick”). Cognate with German bald.

Du moss us baal ens widder besöke!

Ich hann et ald baal foffzehn Mol probiert.

Hä jeht baal emmer ohne Jack op de Stroß.

He almost always goes out without a jacket.

Frech wie Dreck, doch et Hätz es jot.
 E klei bessje verdötsch, met nix jet am Hot.
 Jot jelaunt, datt et baal schon nerv.
 All dat ha’ mer vun dir jeerv.

2002, “Du bes die Stadt”performed by Bläck Fööss:

As impudent as dirt, but your heart is good.
 A little bit simple-minded, not caring too much about anything.
 So good-humoured that it's almost annoying.
 All of that we've inherited from you.


senn

senn (third-person singular present es, past tense wor, past participle jewäs)

es (present singular third-person)
wor (past)
jewäs (participle past)

From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn (“to be”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”) and *beuną (“to be, exist, become”)), from Proto-Indo-European *es-, *h₁es- (“to be, exist”).


senn

senn (third-person singular present süht or sitt, past tense sooch, past participle jesenn)

süht (present singular third-person)
sitt (present singular third-person)
sooch (past)
jesenn (participle past)

From Middle High German sëhen, from Old High German *sian, northern variant of sehan. Compare the same contracted form in Old Dutch sian.


riere

riere (third-person singular present ritt, past tense ree, past participle gerere)

ritt (present singular third-person)
ree (past)
gerere (participle past)

From Middle High German rīden, northern variant of rīten.


weck

weck (masculine wegge, feminine and plural weck or wegge, comparative wegger, superlative et weckste)

wegge (masculine)
weck (feminine plural)
wegge (feminine plural)
wegger (comparative)
et weckste (superlative)

From Old High German (*)wīd, northern variant of wīt, from Proto-Germanic *wīdaz. The word underwent the regular Ripuarian velarisation -īd- → -igd- → -eg-.

Nemm et Auto, der Wääch es ze weck für ze loofe.

Take the car, the distance is too far to walk.

witt

Siegerland, otherwise scattered compromise form


weck

inflection of wecke:
singular imperative

inflection of wecke:
third-person singular present


wiet

wiet (masculine wijje or wiede, feminine wie or wiet, comparative wijjer or wieder, superlative et wietste)

wijje (masculine)
wiede (masculine)
wie (feminine)
wiet (feminine)
wijjer (comparative)
wieder (comparative)
et wietste (superlative)

From Old High German (*)wīd, northern variant of wīt, from Proto-Germanic *wīdaz.

(westernmost and northernmost Ripuarian) far; wide; distant


Läffel

Läffel m (plural Läffele, diminutive Läffelche)

From Middle High German leffel, from Proto-Germanic *lapilaz.

(most dialects, but dated in parts of Ripuarian) spoon

Löfel

younger Ripuarian forms, influenced by German


loope

loope (third-person singular present lööp, past tense leep, past participle jeloope)

lööp (present singular third-person)
leep (past)
jeloope (participle past)

A relict from the older Low Franconian dialect around Düsseldorf, thus from Old Dutch lōpan, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaupan. The city and its south-western periphery underwent a process of Ripuarianisation, chiefly during the 19th century.

Mir sinn us de alde Stadt, us de Retematäng.
 Mir sprääche richtig Platt un loope op de Häng.

1956, “De Retematäng”performed by Jupp Schäfers:

We are from the old city, from the “rue de matin”.
 We speak the original dialect and we walk on our hands.

(northernmost Ripuarian) to walk; to go; to run (move on foot, either at a normal or an increased speed)


Menutt

From Old French minute, from Medieval Latin minūta (“60th part of an hour; note”).


Dütschland

(Ripuarian (in Aachen and Köln)) Germany


schlage

head

schlage (third-person singular present schlät, past tense schlooch, past participle jeschlage)

schlät (present singular third-person)
schlooch (past)
jeschlage (participle past)

Derived from the past participle under the influence of German schlagen.

(Ripuarian, as a variant) to hit; to beat; to defeat


fenge

fenge (third-person singular present fengk, preterite fong, past participle jefonge)

fengk (present singular third-person)
fong (preterite)
jefonge (participle past)

From Old High German findan, from Proto-Germanic *finþaną, from Proto-Indo-European *pent-.

fenne

most of Moselle Franconian; southernmost Ripuarian


Künning

From Proto-Germanic *kuningaz (compare German König).

Künnich

Ripuarian variants; form in -g/-ch influenced by standard German

Dä Künning vun Spanie heiß Juan Carlos.

The King of Spain is called Juan Carlos.

(some dialects, including Kölsch Ripuarian) king, King (ruler of a kingdom)

Schachmatt ess, wenn dinge Künning jekräje weed, ejal wo de en hendeis.

A checkmate comes about when your king will be caught wherever you put him.

(some dialects, including Kölsch Ripuarian) king (chess piece)

Nohm Ass ess d’r Künning die hüchste Kaat em Spill.

After the ace, the king is the next highest card in the game.

(some dialects, including Kölsch Ripuarian) king (card)


wase

wase (third-person singular present weëst or waast, past tense woos or waset, past participle jewase, present participle wasend or wasens)

weëst (present singular third-person)
waast (present singular third-person)
woos (past)
waset (past)
jewase (participle past)
wasend (participle present)
wasens (participle present)

A Kerkradish children's song:
Maireëndrupereënval óp miechda waas iech
May raindrops of rainfall on methen I'll grow

(Limburgan Ripuarian) Alternative spelling of wahße


leje

leje (third-person singular present lüch or leecht, past tense looch, past participle jeloge or geloge)

lüch (present singular third-person)
leecht (present singular third-person)
looch (past)
jeloge (participle past)
geloge (participle past)

From Middle High German liegen, from Old High German liogan, from Proto-West Germanic *leugan.

Dä lüch, wann e ald de Muul opmäht.

(Ripuarian, northern Moselle Franconian) to lie; to tell lies

lüjje

from the 2nd and 3rd persons singular under standard German influence


denke

denke (third-person singular present denk or denkt, past tense daach or daacht, past participle jedaach or gedaacht)

denk (present singular third-person)
denkt (present singular third-person)
tense daach (past)
daacht (past)
jedaach (participle past)
gedaacht (participle past)

From Middle High German denken, from Old High German denken.
The long vowel of the past forms does not preserve the original Old High German length, but is due to a secondary, regular lengthening before -ch. (Were it original, would it have developed into /ɔː/.)

Dat hatt ich mer allt jedaach, datt dä widder net kütt...

I’d already thought by myself that he wouldn’t appear yet again...


Ä

* For the origin of /ɛ/, see E.
* /ɛː/ is from e before certain consonants; from analogical umlaut of /aː/; from Middle High German æ in some dialects; in Moselle Franconian from all cases where Ripuarian has /œː/ (see Ö); in eastern Moselle Franconian from Middle High German ei, öu.


Hatz

Hatz n (plural Hatze or Hatzer, diminutive Hätzje)

Hatze (plural)
Hatzer (plural)
Hätzje (diminutive)

From Old High German herza, from Proto-Germanic *hertô, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

Schick en stramm jeht hä dran, usse feine Jardemann.
 Hä versteht, wat hä deet, wennt hä op Manöver jeht.
 Jedder Schatz, blond ov schwatz, däut hä an si Jardehatz.
 O du treue Jardemann!

1947, “Jardemarsj”performed by Nico Ploum, Kerkrade Ripuarian cited here in German-based orthography:

Chic and strapping he approaches things, our good guardsman.
 He knows what he does when he goes on maneuver.
 Every sweetheart, blond or black, he presses to his guardsman’s heart.
 Oh you loyal guardsman!


Jaan

From Middle High German garn, from Proto-Germanic *garną.

Och weil dat Stina us däm Jaan, Frau Dänz sich Sorje maht.
 Un eines Daachs met ihrem Mann Frau Dänz sich ens üvverlat...

1910, “Et Stina muss ’ne Mann han”, Willi Ostermann (lyrics), Emil Palm (music)performed by Bläck Fööss, published 1985:

Precisely because Stina is made of that yarn, Mrs Dänz is worrying.
 And one day with her husband Mrs Dänz had that thought...