robot

From English robot, from Czech robot, from robota (“drudgery, servitude”). Coined in the 1921 science-fiction play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) by Karel Čapek after having been suggested to him by his brother Josef.

a machine built to carry out some complex task or group of tasks by physically moving, especially one which can be programmed

an intelligent mechanical being designed to look like a human or other creature, and usually made from metal

(figuratively) a person who does not seem to have any emotions

a style of dance popular in disco whereby the dancer impersonates the movement of a robot


Irish

From English Irish, from Middle English Irisce, from Old English Īras (“Irishmen”), from Old Norse Írar, from Old Irish Ériu (modern Éire (“Ireland”)), from Proto-Celtic *Īwerjū (“fat land, fertile”), from Proto-Indo-European *pi-wer- (“fertile”), from *peyH- (literally “fat”).


Cuba

Cuba (an island and country in the Caribbean)


amigo

Borrowed from Spanish amigo (“male friend”), from Old Spanish amigo, amygo, from Latin amīcus.


presidente

ceb-noun

presidente (Badlit spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

Borrowed from Spanish presidente, from Latin praesidēns (“presiding over; president, leader”) (accusative: praesidentem).


tigre

Borrowed from Spanish tigre, from Latin tīgris, from Ancient Greek τίγρις (tígris).

Panthera tigris
Panthera tigris#Translingual

a tiger (Panthera tigris); a large predatory mammal of the cat family, indigenous to Asia

Dracaena trifasciata
Dracaena trifasciata#Translingual

viper's bowstring hemp (Dracaena trifasciata, syn. Sansevieria trifasciata)


day

(colloquial) a familiar address to a girl


tuba

Antonio Pigafetta
Magellan's circumnavigation

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuba.
First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.

Pigafetta

a reddish palm wine made from coconut or nipa sap


Catalan

a person from or an inhabitant of Catalonia


kiwi

a kiwi; a flightless bird of the genus Apteryx


zebra

Borrowed from English zebra, from Italian zebra, from Portuguese zebra, zebro (“zebra”), from Old Galician-Portuguese enzebro, ezebra, azebra (“wild ass”), from earlier cebrario (882), ezebrario (897), from Vulgar Latin *eciferus, from Latin equiferus (“wild horse”) (Pliny), from equus (“horse”) + ferus (“wild”).

a zebra; any of three species of genus Equus: E. grevyi, E. quagga, or E. zebra, all with black and white stripes and native to Africa

a pattern or motif similar to the stripes of a zebra

(informal) an animal with zebra-like stripes


gold

Borrowed from English gold, from Middle English gold, from Old English gold (“gold”), from Proto-Germanic *gulþą (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰl̥tóm (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow; gleam; to shine”).

der

a coin or coinage made of this material, or supposedly so

a bright yellow color, resembling the metal gold

(fantasy roleplaying games board games) miscellaneous unit of currency in fantasy genre


animal

Borrowed from Spanish animal, from Latin animal, a nominal use of an adjective from animale, neuter of animālis, from anima (“breath, spirit”).


pupa

(nautical) the stern; the rear part of a ship or vessel


calculator

ceb-noun

calculator (Badlit spelling ᜃᜎ᜔ᜃ᜔ᜌᜓᜎᜒᜌ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

Unadapted borrowing from English calculator.


amiga

From Spanish amiga (“female friend”), from Latin amīca.

(obsolete) an address to a female friend


balik

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balik.


salsa

any of several dances performed to salsa music


bayad

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *bayaD, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bayaD.


salmon

From English salmon, from Middle English samon, saumon, from Anglo-Norman saumon, from Old French saumon, from Latin salmō, salmōn-. For the jackfish, see Hawaiian salmon.

salmon; any of several fish in the subfamily Salmoninae


granada

From Spanish granada, from Latin (mālum) granātum (literally “apple with many seeds”).

der

Punica granatum
Punica granatum#Translingual


flower

Unadapted borrowing from English flower.

someone who is allowed to participate in games but cannot become it; usually a younger sibling of a player who may or may not fully grasp the mechanics of the game

(mahjong) act of declaring and revealing a flower or season tile and in order drawing a replacement tile


pato

a duck; any member of the ducks form taxon in the family "Anatidae"


slang

Borrowed from English slang. A false friend.

(colloquial, informal) twang, foreign accent


saya

Borrowed from Spanish saya, from Vulgar Latin *sagia, from Latin sagum, from Gaulish *sagos, or from Ancient Greek σάγος (ságos).


kami

(Davao) Indonesian cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni)


simba

an instance of going to church or attending church services


maid

From English maid, Middle English mayde, maide, abbreviation of maiden. Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *magaþs (“maid, virgin”).

a female servant or cleaner; a maidservant, a housemaid


alas

(card games) an ace; a card with a single spot


dodo

Borrowed from English dodo, of uncertain etymology.

Raphus cucullatus
Raphus cucullatus#Translingual


bulan

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *bulan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulan, from Proto-Austronesian *bulaN.


kita

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kita, from Proto-Austronesian *kita.


suka

Borrowing ultimately from Sanskrit चुक्रा (cukrā, “tamarind tree”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”).First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.

vinegar; a sour liquid formed by the fermentation of alcohol used as a condiment or preservative; a dilute solution of acetic acid


bra

From English bra, shortened from brassiere, from French brassière.


mama

a mother; a (human) female who (a) parents a child (b) gives birth to a baby (c) donates a fertilized egg or (d) donates a body cell which has resulted in a clone

a term of address to one's mother, mother-in-law or wife


basket

Borrowed from English basket, from Anglo-Norman bascat, from Late Latin bascauda (“kettle, table-vessel”), from Common Brittonic, from Proto-Celtic *baski (“bundle, load”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰask- (“bundle”).


pay

From English pi, Ancient Greek πεῖ (peî).

the name of the sixteenth letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets and the seventeenth in Old Greek

(mathematics) an irrational and transcendental constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter; approximately 3.14159265358979323846264338327950; usually written π


sin

From Spanish zinc, from German Zink, related to Zinke (“point, prong”), from Middle High German zinke, from Old High German zinko (“prong, tine”), allied to zint (“a jag, point”), from Proto-Germanic *tindaz (“prong, pinnacle”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts (“tooth, projection”).


mal

Borrowed from Spanish mal, apocopic form of malo (“evil”).


hospital

Borrowed from English hospital, borrowed from Old French hospital, from Latin hospitālis (“hospitable”), from hospes (“host, guest”).


mayor

Unadapted borrowing from English mayor, from Old French maire (“head of a city or town government”), from Latin maior (“bigger, greater, superior”), comparative of magnus (“big, great”).


menu

From English menu, from French menu. Doublet of minuto and menudo.

a menu; a list of dishes offered in a restaurant


hanger

Borrowed from English hanger, from Middle English hanger, haunger, hangere, equivalent to hang + -er.


ham

Derived from English ham, from Middle English hamme, from Old English hamm (“inner or hind part of the knee, ham”), from Proto-Germanic *hamō, *hammō, *hanmō, from Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂m (“leg”).

ham (meat from the thigh of a hog cured for food)


bilong

Attested in Encarnacion's Diccionario Bisaya-Español—3rd Edition, 1885


kayak

From English kayak, borrowed from Inuktitut ᖃᔭᖅ (qayaq, “man's boat”) (Inuvialuktun), from Proto-Eskimo *qayaʁ.


dam

From English dam, from Middle English dam, damme, from Old English *dam, *damm, from Proto-Germanic *dammaz.

a dam; a structure placed across a flowing body of water to stop the flow


terminal

From English terminal, from French terminal, from Late Latin terminalis (“pertaining to a boundary or to the end, terminal, final”), from Latin terminus (“a bound, boundary, limit, end”).


slogan

Unadapted borrowing from English slogan.


pisa

(of electronics, electrical, mechanical) a part or a component

(by extension) an integrated circuit; electronic component


sine

Borrowed from Spanish cine, from Clipping of Spanish cinema, a reduction of Spanish cinematógrafo, from French cinématographe.

clipping

Spanish <i class="Latn mention" lang="es">cinema</i>


negro

(offensive, vulgar) a dark-skinned person

(offensive, ethnic slur, vulgar) a person of African descent; a black person


salad

From English salad, borrowed from French salade, borrowed from Northern Italian salada, salata, from Vulgar Latin *salāta, from *salāre, from Latin saliō, from sal (“salt”).


baba

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqbaq.
First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.

inh+

talk; empty boasting, promises or claims


baket

the Japanese false blueberry (Coriaria japonica)


ido

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *qiduq. Compare Masbatenyo ido.
First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.


linen

From English linen, from Middle English lynnen, lynen, from Old English līnen (“linen", "made of flax”), from Proto-Germanic *līnīnaz (“made of flax”), from Proto-Germanic *līną (“flax”), from Proto-Indo-European *līno- (“flax”). Superseded lino.

der

linen; thread or cloth made from flax fiber


panda

From English panda, from French panda, of unclear ultimate origin but probably from the second element of nigálya-pónya, a form recorded by Brian Houghton Hodgson and possibly ultimately derived from regional Tibetan ཕོ་ཉ (pho nya), whose usual meaning is "messenger".

Ailuropoda melanoleuca
Ailuropoda melanoleuca#Translingual

the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

Ailurus fulgens
Ailurus fulgens#Translingual


dugong

desctree

→ English: dugong
Australian Kriol: jugong
Torres Strait Creole: dugong
→ Finnish: dugongi
→ French: dugong
→ Indonesian: dugong
→ Italian: dugongo
→ Malay: dugong
→ Portuguese: dugongo
→ Welsh: dwgong
→ Japanese: 儒艮
→ Chinese: 儒艮 (rúgèn)

→ Tagalog: dugong

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duyuŋ from Proto-Austronesian *duyuŋ.


drama

Borrowed from English drama, from Ancient Greek δρᾶμα (drâma, “an act, a theatrical act, a play”), from δράω (dráō, “to act, to take action, to achieve”).

der

a soap opera, a TV show that is not a comedy

an act; a display of behavior meant to deceive

(derogatory) a show; mere display or pomp with no substance


atlas

From English atlas, from the name of the Ancient Greek mythological figure Ἄτλας (Átlas, “Bearer (of the Heavens)”), from τλῆναι (tlênai, “to suffer”, “to endure”, “to bear”).

an atlas; a bound collection of maps often including tables, illustrations or other text


tuna

From Proto-Philippine *tuna, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.

the name of a small, glossy-black, worm-like snake, deadly poisonous, found in moist places in grasses and weeds, possibly the blind snake


batman

Its shape being likened to Batman's chest logo.

a spiny orb-weaver; a common name of the spiders in the genus Gasteracantha


puso

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pusuq.

inh+

rice wrapped and boiled in a casing made of woven coconut leaves


puso

a water well that uses a hand pump to obtain water; the village pump

the pump used to obtain water from the ground


semester

semester (half of a school year or academic year)


rehab

From English rehab, clipping of rehabilitation.

a rehab; an institution for rehabilitation


papa

a father; a (generally human) male who begets a child

a term of address to one's father, father-in-law or husband


rosa

From Spanish rosa, from Latin rosa, probably from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon).

a rose; a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa


lupo

the black smooth stingfish (Tetraroge niger)


luna

Balik sa imong luna aron walay gubot.

Return to your proper place to avoid trouble.

May luna pa ba ko sa kinabuhi mo?

Is there still room for me in your life?


murder

From English murder, from Middle English murder, murdre, mourdre, alteration of earlier murthre (“murder”) (see murther), from Old English morþor (“secret slaying, unlawful killing”) and Old English myrþra (“murder, homicide”), both from Proto-Germanic *murþrą (“death, killing, murder”), from Proto-Indo-European *mrtro- (“killing”), from Proto-Indo-European *mer-, *mor-, *mr- (“to die”).

der

an act of deliberate killing of another being, especially a human

the crime of deliberate killing of another human


bok

From Philippine English bok, from bunk, shortened from bunkmate.

one's batchmate or classmate in the Philippine Military Academy


admiral

From English admiral, from Middle English, Anglo-Norman, and Old French admiral, from Medieval Latin admiralis, from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander”) + -alis (“-al”) under influence from admīrārī (“to admire, to respect”).


tusing

a racket-tail; any member of the genus Prioniturus


kuya

University of Santo Tomas#Libraries and archives

From Hokkien 哥仔 (*ko-iá) as per Chan-Yap (1980) and Manuel (1948) with an older obsolete form of the diminutive suffix as a weak form of 囝 (kiáⁿ, káⁿ). Cognate with Tagalog kuya and Kapampangan koya.

a respectful title or form of address for an older man


kuya

an oyster; any member of the family Ostreidae


bagi

a unicornfish; any member of the genus Naso


bodka

From English vodka, borrowing from Russian во́дка (vódka), diminutive of вода́ (vodá, “water”).

vodka; a clear distilled alcoholic liquor made from grain mash


anak

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *anak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anak, from Proto-Austronesian *aNak.

one's offspring, children; daughter, son


gasolina

gasoline (US, Canada); petrol (Australia, UK)


duda

Borrowed from Spanish duda, from dudar, from Latin dubitāre.


marimba

From English marimba, from Portuguese, from Bantu.


ilo

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ilu.


ilo

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qiluS.

toilet paper or water used to clean one's bottom after defecation


tsunami

Borrowed from English tsunami, borrowed from Japanese 津波(つなみ) (tsunami), from 津 (tsu, “harbor”) + 波 (nami, “wave”).


Cina

a diminutive of the female given name Eufrocina


toga

(historical) loose outer garment worn by the citizens of Rome


asin

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qasiN.
First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.


ani

a harvest, crop; the yield of harvesting


albatros

From English albatross, probably from Spanish or Portuguese alcatraz (“pelican”), probably derived from Arabic الْغَطَّاس (al-ḡaṭṭās, “the diver”); or from Portuguese alcatruz (“water wheel bucket”), from Arabic الْقَادُوس (al-qādūs), from Ancient Greek κάδος (kádos, “pail, jar”), in reference to the pouch of a pelican. In either case, altered under the influence of the Latin word albus (“white”).

der

an albatross; any of various large seabirds of the family Diomedeidae ranging widely in the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific and having a hooked beak and long narrow wings


segundo

Borrowed from Spanish segundo, from Latin secundus (“second”); related to Latin sequor (“follow”).


pasta

From English paste, from Middle French (modern pâte), from Late Latin pasta, from Ancient Greek.


pasta

Borrowed from Spanish pasta,
borrowed from Italian pasta, from Late Latin pasta (“dough, pastry cake, paste”), from Ancient Greek παστά (pastá, “barley porridge”), from παστός (pastós, “sprinkled with salt”).

dough made from wheat and water and sometimes mixed with egg and formed into various shapes; often sold in dried form and typically boiled for eating


sa

shortened form of usa, isa (“for now, before doing”)


sa

Elision of the "l" in sala (“strain”), from Proto-Philippine *sáraʔ.

(Cebu) shortened form of sala (“strain”)


sa

Elision of the "l" in sala (“fault, sin”), from Inherited from Proto-Philippine *salaq.

(Cebu) shortened form of sala (“fault, sin”)


tren

Borrowed from Spanish tren, from French train.


tanuki

Borrowed from Japanese 狸 (たぬき, tanuki, “raccoon dog”).

Nyctereutes procyonoides
Nyctereutes procyonoides#Translingual

a raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)


abo

From Proto-Philippine *qabu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(q)abu(s), from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.


kiki

the female genitalia; the vulva or vagina


maestro

ceb-noun

maéstro (feminine maestra, Badlit spelling ᜋᜁᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

a male teacher, professor, or faculty member

(derogatory) an advocate or promoter of something illegal or unethical


lapis

doublespotted queenfish (Scomberoides lysan)

needlescaled queenfish (Scomberoides tol)


lapis

Borrowed from Spanish lápiz (“pencil”), from Latin lapis (“stone”).


kobra

Borrowed from English cobra or Spanish cobra, from Portuguese cobra (“snake”).


tata

Reduplication of ta, from initial clipping of bata.

(childish) a familiar address to a child


una

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *unah, from Proto-Austronesian *(q)uNah.

Siya ang pinakauna nga na-abot.

Una si Juan, ikaduha si Maria.

(not comparable) the first placer: someone or something ranked first place, that is, one who is above all the other ranks


politika

Naunsa na ang politika?


bana

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banah, from Proto-Austronesian *baNaS (“male (of animals)”). Perhaps related to banay (“immediate family”).

inh

Coordinate term: asawa


bana

Cognate with Hiligaynon bana (“opinion, thought”).

(obsolete) guess, thought (now only used in derived forms)


buldog

Borrowed from English buldog.
The colloquial and derogatory senses are an allusion to the fat and ugly appearance of a bulldog.


harbor

Cebuano: harbat

From English harbor, from Middle English herberwen, herberȝen, from Middle English herebeorgian (“to take up one's quarters, lodge”).

der

(slang) appropriation; an act or instance of appropriating


tubo

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *tubuq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tubuq, from Proto-Austronesian *Cubuq.


tubo

First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.
Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təbuh, from Proto-Austronesian *təbuS.
Compare Malay tebu.


tubo

Borrowed from Spanish tubo, from Latin tubus (“tube, pipe”).


madre

Borrowed from Spanish madre, from Latin mātre, singular ablative of māter, matris (“mother, matron”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr.


boxer

an unqualified spider in spider fighting, a male with glove-like palps, instead used as a feed


hogar

(historical) a piercing; a hole made in the body so that jewelry can be worn through it


paya

a bowl made out of a coconut shell, approximately a third of the coconut fruit


abat

(folklore) a vampirelike creature or monster


tuo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuqu (“right side”).

inh

Coordinate term: wala


espada

Borrowed from Spanish espada, from Latin spatha, from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē).


espada

the African spear (Sansevieria cylindrica)


espada

a long, thin, bright green chili closely resembling the cayenne and Basque Fryer peppers


aster

From English aster, from Latin astēr, from Ancient Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr).

an aster; any of several plants of the genus Aster


garnet

From English garnet, from Middle English granate, from Old French grenate, from grenat (“pomegranate red”).

(mineralogy) a hard transparent mineral that is often used as gemstones and abrasives

a dark red color, like that of the gemstone


magnet

Borrowed from English magnet, from Old French magnete, Latin magnetum "lodestone" from Ancient Greek μαγνῆτις [λίθος] (magnêtis [líthos], “Magnesian [stone]”), either after the Lydian city Magnesia ad Sipylum (modern-day Manisa, Turkey), or after the Greek region of Μαγνησία (Magnēsía) (whence came the colonist who founded the city in Lydia).

der

μαγνῆτις 􂀿λίθος􂁀


rap

Borrowed from English rap, from Middle English rap, rappe, of North Germanic origin.

a song, verse, or instance of singing in the style of rap music


nana

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nanaq. Compare Malay nanah.


bay

(Metro Cebu, Bohol, Leyte) Contraction of balay


laki

kudyapa nga laki

(by extension) term given to the thornier and usually smaller species of plants as compared to the smoother or larger variety


laki

(obsolete) ability, skill (now always affixed as kalaki)


pastor

[pɐs̪ˈt̪oɾ̪]

Borrowed from Spanish pastor. Doublet of pastores.


hentai

From English hentai, a semantic shift from Japanese 変態(へんたい) (hentai, “pervert”).

hentai; a work of anime or manga (or any similar medium) that contains heavily sexual or pornographic art


helmet

From English helmet, from Middle English helmet, helmett, a borrowing from Old French helmet, heaumet, a diminutive of helme.

a helmet; a protective head covering, usually part of armour


Abe

a diminutive of the male given name Abelardo


Abe

From English Abe, shortened from Abraham.


model

Borrowed from English model, from Middle French modelle, from Old Italian modello, from Vulgar Latin *modellus, diminutive form of Latin modulus (“measure, standard”), diminutive of modus (“measure”).

model, poser; someone who poses for a photograph or painting


model

From the Cebuano phrase mo-deliver ug lunggon (“someone who delivers coffins”).

(colloquial, humorous) a funeral home worker; a funeral director or funeral attendant See usage notes.


polo

From English polo, from Balti پولو (polo, “ball”).

a ball game where two teams of players on horseback use long-handled mallets to propel the ball along the ground and into their opponent's goal

a similar game played on the ice, or on a prepared floor, by players wearing skates


eland

From English eland, from Dutch eland, from obsolete German elen, elend, from Old Lithuanian ellenis.

an eland; a large South African antelope of the genus Taurotragus


rugby

From Rugby, (a brand of rubber cement by Bostik).


kapok

Ceiba pentandra
Ceiba pentandra#Translingual

(rare) the kapok tree or silk-cotton tree (Ceiba pentandra)

(rare) the fiber obtained from this tree


haiku

From English haiku, from Japanese 俳(はい)句(く) (haiku), from Middle Chinese 俳 (bˠɛi, “paralleled [writing]”) + 句 (kɨoᴴ, “line”).


baton

Borrowed from English baton, from French bâton, from Old French baston, probably from Vulgar Latin *bastō, *bastōnis. Doublet of baston.

(music) stick of a conductor of an orchestra, or the majorette or drum major of a marching band

(sports) object transferred by relay runners

baton (staff or truncheon)
object transferred by relay runners

baton (staff or truncheon)
club used by policemen; night stick


saker

association football
association football


opal

From English opal, from French opale, from Latin opalus, from Byzantine Greek ὀπάλλιος (opállios), from Sanskrit उपल (upala, “gem, stone”), from उपरि (upári, “the upper millstone”).


ibis

an Asiatic glassfish; any member of the family Ambassidae


ulan

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quzan, compare Malay hujan.


taler

From the reverse spelling of the second syllable of bilat.

the female genitalia; the vulva or vagina


sago

a sago pearl or the similar-looking boba and landang


gala

money thrown to or pinned to the clothing of the wedding couple in a money dance


wail

Blend of wala (“not”) + ilhi (“known, recognized”)


donut

a doughnut; a deep-fried piece of dough or batter


gang

Borrowed from English gang, from Middle English gang, from Old English gang (“a journey; way; passage”), from Proto-Germanic *gangaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰongʰ-o-s, from *ǵʰengʰ- (“to step; stride”).


harina

[hɐˈɾ̪i.n̪ɐ]


laguna

[l̪ɐˈɡu.n̪ɐ]

Ilawig ang kabaw sa laguna.


skylab

→ English: skylab

[ˈs̪kɐɪ̯.l̪ɐb]

Named after the Skylab, although the vehicle's shape is more reminiscent of a satellite (cf. habalhabal, which is claimed to be named after the Hubble Space Telescope as well as a reduplication of habal). Alternatively, by folk etymology, from a contraction of sakay (“hop on”), lab (“love”).


trigo

From Spanish trigo, from Latin triticum, from trītus, perfect passive participle of terō (“graze, grind”).

wheat; any of several cereal grains, of the genus Triticum, that yields flour as used in bakery


keratin

From English keratin, from Ancient Greek κέρας (kéras) -in.


marinero

[mɐ.ɾ̪ɪˈn̪i.ɾ̪o]


masi

a rice cake ball, made using boiled ground rice, with minced toasted peanuts and sugar as filling


piranha

From English piranha, from Old Tupi pirãia (“fish”).


tai

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqi, from Proto-Austronesian *Caqi. Compare Tagalog tae.


lahar

Borrowed from English lahar, from Javanese ꦭꦲꦂ (lahar).


bunga

From Proto-Philippine *buŋa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa (“flower, blossom”), from Proto-Austronesian *buŋa (“flower, blossom”).

inh

(botany) a fruit (especially in the context of its parent tree/plant)

a yield; a product; the quantity of something produced

an end result, effect, or consequence; advantageous or disadvantageous result

Areca catechu
Areca catechu#Translingual

the areca palm (Areca catechu); a species of palm which grows in much of the tropical Pacific, Asia, and parts of east Africa


lawin

Nisaetus philippensis
Nisaetus philippensis#Translingual

Philippine hawk-eagle (Nisaetus philippensis)


pasko

From Spanish pascua, from Vulgar Latin pascua, from Latin pascha, from Ancient Greek πάσχα (páskha, “Passover”), from Aramaic פסחא (paskha), from Hebrew פסח (pesakh).

der

Christmas; a festival, commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ and incorporating various Christian, pre-Christian and secular customs, which is celebrated on December 25 in most places

(marketing, retailing) the Christmas season


tomboy

a girl who behaves in a typically boyish manner


ruler

[ˈɾ̪u.l̪eɾ̪]

Borrowed from English ruler, from Middle English reuler.


bloke

Borrowed from Spanish bloque, from French bloc, from Middle French bloc (“a considerable piece of something heavy, block”), from Old French bloc (“log, block”), from Middle Dutch blok (“treetrunk”), from Old Saxon *blok (“log”), from Proto-Germanic *blukką (“beam, log”), from Proto-Indo-European *bhulg'-, from *bhelg'- (“thick plank, beam, pile, prop”).

a block; a substantial, often approximately cuboid, piece of any substance


torpedo

From English torpedo, borrowed from Latin torpēdō (“a torpedo fish; numbness, torpidity, electric ray”), from torpeō (“I am stiff, numb, torpid; I am astounded; I am inactive”) + -ēdō (noun suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“stiff”).

affix

(military) a torpedo; a cylindrical explosive projectile that can travel underwater and is used as a weapon


salami

From English salami, from Italian salami, plural of salame (“salami”), from sale (“salt”), from Latin sal.


ataata

Diospyros mindanaensis, a tree found in Mindanao


Sabado

Borrowed from Spanish sábado (“Sabbath, Saturday”), from Latin or Ecclesiastical Latin sabbatum, from Ancient Greek σάββατον (sábbaton, “Sabbath”), from Hebrew שַׁבָּת (shabát, “Shabbat, Sabbath”).


sala

Borrowed from Sanskrit शाला (śālā, “living room”).


sala

From either:
* Proto-Philippine *salaq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaq.
* Malay salah ساله (“sin”), from Arabic زَلَّة (zalla, “error; slip; lapse; fault; sin”), with possible influence from Sanskrit चार (cāra, “trap; snare”), as in अपचार (apacāra, “offence”), or Sanskrit छल (chala, “deceit; fraud”).


aroma

Vachellia farnesiana
Vachellia farnesiana#Translingual


walrus

From English walrus, from Danish hvalros, an inversion of Old Norse hrosshvalr (literally “horse-whale”). The term may have entered English via Dutch walrus.

Odobenus rosmarus
Odobenus rosmarus#Translingual


ubi

Dioscorea alata
Dioscorea alata#Translingual


Nigel

a male given name from English [in turn from Latin]


adlaw

[ˈʔad̪.l̪ɐʊ̯]

From Proto-Bisayan *qadlaw, from Proto-Central Philippine *qaldaw, from Proto-Philippine *qaljaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləjaw.


tango

(anatomy) a tooth with a single cusp; a cuspid; a canine

(zoology) a fang; a long, pointed canine tooth used for biting and tearing flesh or injecting venom

(zoology) a tusk; one of a pair of elongated pointed teeth that extend outside the mouth of an animal such as a walrus, elephant or wild boar


abito

Borrowed from Spanish hábito, from Latin habitus.

habit (clothing of priests, monks and nuns)


sitar

From English sitar, from Persian سهتار (se-târ, “three strings”).

a sitar; a Hindustani/Indian classical stringed instrument, typically having a gourd as its resonating chamber


western

From English western, from Old English westerne, from Proto-Germanic *westrōnijaz.


barista

From English barista, borrowed from Italian barista (“bartender”, literally “barist”), from bar.


stigmata

From English stigmata, plural of stigma, from Latin stigma, from Ancient Greek στίγμα (stígma, “brand”), from στίζω (stízō, “I mark”).

(Christianity) a mark on the body corresponding to one of the wounds of the Crucifixion on Jesus' body


paprika

From English paprika, borrowed from Hungarian paprika, from Serbo-Croatian pàprika, from pȁpar, from Proto-Slavic *pьpьrь, from Latin piper, from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi, “pepper”), from Indo-Aryan; compare Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”).

cog

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

paprika; powdered spice made from dried and ground fruits of sweet pepper (bell pepper) or chili pepper (cultivars of Capsicum annuum), or mixtures of these


hula

Borrowed from English hula, from Hawaiian hula.

hula; a form of chant and dance, which was developed in the Hawaiian Islands by the Polynesians who originally settled there


rambutan

Nephelium lappaceum
Nephelium lappaceum#Translingual


halo

For the second noun sense, the monitor lizard's timidity likened to cowardice.


mentor

a mentor; a wise and trusted counselor or teacher


barko

Borrowed from Spanish barco, barca, from Late Latin barca, from Ancient Greek βάρις (báris), from Coptic ⲃⲁⲁⲣⲉ (baare, “small boat”), from Egyptian bꜣjr (“transport ship, type of fish”), b-bA-A-y:r*Z1-P1

der

a ship; a water-borne vessel generally larger than a boat

a boat; a craft used for transportation of goods, fishing, racing, recreational cruising, or military use on or in the water, propelled by oars or outboard motor or inboard motor or by wind


ombudsman

From English ombudsman, borrowed from Swedish ombudsman, from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.


amok

Borrowed from English amok, from Portuguese amouco, from Malay amuk (“to go on a killing spree”). Displaced amog.


amok

a surf; waves that break on an ocean shoreline


baki

a frog; a small tailless amphibian of the order Anura that typically hops

a toad; an amphibian similar to a frog with shorter back legs and a drier, more ragged skin


tiki

Hemidactylus frenatus
Hemidactylus frenatus#Translingual

the common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus)

(by extension) a gecko; any lizard of the family Gekkonidae


Belinda

(astronomy) the ninth satellite of Uranus


standing

in bato lata; an instance where the can is standing upright and, still in play, after being hit and pushed out of its ring


bubo

From Proto-Philippine *bubu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bubu, from Proto-Austronesian *bubu.

box-like trap woven from bamboo slats allowing entrance but no egress, used to catch fish or monkeys


problema

From Spanish problema, from Latin problēma, from Ancient Greek πρόβλημα (próblēma, “obstacle”).

a problem; a difficulty that has to be resolved or dealt with


problema

Short for problema ni mama or problema ni papa.

(humorous, often offensive) the penetrating sex hand gesture, formed by making an OK sign with one hand and inserting another finger, usually the index finger, into the ring


titi

A respectful term of address to any familiar older man.


Kevin

From English Kevin, from Irish Caoimhghin or Caoimhín, from Old Irish Cóemgen (literally “comely birth”).


Marvin

From English Marvin, from Welsh Merfyn (“Mervyn”), probably from mer (“marrow”) + myn (“eminent”).


tig

(often humorous, derogatory) a gofer; a worker who runs errands


marins

From English marines, plural of marine, borrowed from Middle French marin, from Old French, from Latin marinus (“of the sea”), itself from mare (“sea”), from Proto-Indo-European *móri (“body of water, lake”). Doublet of marino and marin.


Steve

Derived from English Steve, from Latin Stephanus m.

an atmospheric optical phenomenon, appearing as a ribbon of light in the sky


minuto

Borrowed from Spanish minuto, from Latin minūtus. Doublet of menu and menudo.


disko

From English disco, short for discotheque, from French discothèque.


oro

Borrowed from Spanish oro, from Latin aurum, from Proto-Italic *auzom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂é-h₂us-o- (“glow”).

a heavy yellow elemental metal of great value, with atomic number 79 and symbol Au

a coin or coinage made of this material, or supposedly so


mais

Borrowed from Spanish maíz, from Taíno *mahis, *mahisi, from Proto-Arawak *marikɨ.

maize; a grain crop of the species Zea mays; corn


championship

Compared to the preceding days, being the night before the burial, the night where most people show up in a wake.

(chiefly Cebu, slang, humorous) the night before the day of the burial (see usage notes)


walker

From English walker, from Middle English walkere, from Old English wealcere.


ultimatum

From English ultimatum, from Latin ultimatus (“late, last final”), from Latin ultimus (“extreme, last, furthest, farthest, final”).


yate

Borrowed from Spanish yate, from English yacht.


yarda

Borrowed from Spanish yarda, from English yard.

yard (small, usually uncultivated area adjoining or within the precincts of a house or other building)


yoyo

From English yo-yo / yoyo. Formerly a trademark. Most likely from Ilocano yóyo.

a yo-yo; a toy consisting of a spheroidal or cylindrical spindle having a circular groove in which string is wound; it is used by holding the string in the fingers and reeling the spindle up and down by movements of the wrist

a cake that is shaped like a yoyo, akin to a cookie sandwich, often purple and with a margarine filling and rolled in white sugar


yema

Borrowed from Spanish yema, from Old Spanish yema, from Latin gemma. Compare Tagalog yema.

a sweet custard candy ball made with egg yolks and condensed milk


kalis

Borrowed from Spanish cáliz, from Latin calix, calicis.


kalis

kalis; double-edged sword often with a wavy section resembling the blade of a kris


tuli

the surgical removal/excision of the prepuce; circumcision


linda

(derogatory) Alternative letter-case form of Linda


Mikhail

From Russian Михаи́л (Mixaíl, “Michael”), from Hebrew מיכאל.

a male given name from Russian [in turn from Hebrew]


bastarda

(offensive) a bastard; a child born out of wedlock


dita

Alstonia scholaris
Alstonia scholaris#Translingual


bastardo

ceb-noun

bastardo (feminine bastarda, Badlit spelling ᜊᜐ᜔ᜆᜇ᜔ᜇᜓ)


primo

Borrowed from Spanish primo, from Latin (consobrinus) primus.

(dated) male first cousin; male full cousin


polis

From English police, from Middle French police, from Latin politia (“state, government”), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía).

a civil force granted the legal authority for law enforcement and maintaining public order


desperado

Cebuanized form of English desperate, from Latin dēspērātus, past participle of dēspērō (“to be without hope”). Spanish desperado is a false friend.


andas

a litter to transport the corpse of a dead person

a platform or stand where a body or coffin is placed

(Christianity) a framework for carrying religions images during a procession; a litter


sabana

Annona muricata
Annona muricata#Translingual


turban

a headband; a hair-accessory, made of a flexible material and curved like a horseshoe, for holding one's hair back


papel

(rock paper scissors) an open hand (handshape resembling a sheet of paper), that beats rock and loses to scissors


siglo

Borrowed from Spanish siglo, from Latin saeculum.

ika-21 ka siglo


tenant

From English tenant, borrowed from Anglo-Norman tenaunt, from Old French tenant, present participle of tenir (“to hold”), from Latin tenēre, present active infinitive of teneō (“hold, keep”). Doublet of tener and tinidor.

a tenant; one who pays a fee (rent) in return for the use of land, buildings, or other property owned by others

one who has possession of any place; a dweller; an occupant

(law) one who holds a property by any kind of right, including ownership


baka

a cow; an adult female of the species Bos taurus that has calved

any member of the species Bos taurus regardless of sex or age, including bulls and calves

beef; the meat from a cow, bull, or other bovine


kota

From English quota, from Latin quota, from Latin quota pars.


blotter

Unadapted borrowing from English blotter.


gitara

[ɡɪˈt̪a.ɾ̪ɐ]


tunga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *teŋaq. Cognate with Malay tengah, Maori tonga.

center; middle
(geometry) the center of a circle

center; middle
(geometry) the center of a sphere

the middle portion of something; the part well away from the edges

(geometry) the point on a line that is midway between the ends

(geometry) the point in the interior of any figure of any number of dimensions that has as its coordinates the arithmetic mean of the coordinates of all points on the perimeter of the figure (or of all points in the interior for a center of volume)


bula

From Proto-Austronesian *bujeq (via Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bujeq).


sili

Borrowed from Spanish chile, from Classical Nahuatl chilli.

Capsicum; a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae

the fruit of these plants; a chili pepper or bell pepper


opis

an office; a room, set of rooms, or building used for non-manual work


boda

From Spanish boda, from Latin vōta (“vows”), plural of vōtum.


Ano

a diminutive of the male given name Capistrano


Adan

Borrowed from Spanish Adán, ultimately from Biblical Hebrew אָדָם (ʾāḏām, “earth, man, soil, light brown”).


kumi

a remora; any of various elongate brown fish from the family Echeneidae, the dorsal fin of which is in the form of a suction disc that can take a firm hold against the skin of larger marine animals


tanga

From Hokkien 蟲仔／虫仔 (thâng-á, “little vermin/insect, bug, snake,animal”).


Linda

Derogatory use named after the character Linda, popularized by vlogger PapaVince Davao.

(derogatory) a Karen; any person, especially female, exhibiting an exaggerated sense of entitlement


Rhea

From English Rhea, from Ancient Greek Ῥέα (Rhéa).

a female given name from English [in turn from Ancient Greek]

(Greek mythology) a Titan, the daughter of Uranus and Gaia, the mother of Demeter, Hades, Hera, Hestia, Poseidon, and Zeus


Romano

Borrowed from Spanish romano, from Latin rōmānus. Cognate with Roman.


bermuda

Cynodon dactylon
Cynodon dactylon#Translingual


mata

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *mata, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mata, from Proto-Austronesian *maCa.
First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.

Pigafetta

(anatomy) an eye; an organ through which animals see

(mahjong) the extra pair of tiles in most winning hands


hilo

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hilu.
Compare Bikol Central hilo.


hilo

Borrowed from Spanish hilo (“thread, yarn”), from Latin filum.


internet

any set of computer networks that communicate using the Internet Protocol

the Internet, the largest global internet

an internet connection, internet connectivity, access to the internet


islam

From Arabic إِسْلَام (ʔislām, “submission, surrender”), verbal noun of أَسْلَمَ (ʔaslama), from the root س ل م (s-l-m).

der

(historical) circumcision according to Muslim khitan rite


modus operandi

From English modus operandi, borrowed from Latin modus operandī.

a person or thing's normal mode of operation


rajah

Borrowed from Hindi राजा (rājā), from Sanskrit राजन् (rājan, “king, prince”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrā́ȷ́ā (“king”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrā́ȷ́ā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵ-ō, from *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”). Doublet of rey and its derived surnames.

(historical) the ruler of the Indianized rajahnate polities of the Philippines, e.g. the Rajahnate of Cebu


taas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *atas, from Proto-Austronesian *aCas (compare Aklanon taas, Hiligaynon taas, Indonesian atas, Malay atas, and Tagalog taas).


sira

From Spanish cierra, cerrar, from Late Latin serāre, present active infinitive of serō.


unto

(anatomy, zootomy) the incisors, especially the upper ones


sura

(chiefly Bantayan island) then; and then


haya

a wake; a period after a person's death before the body is buried, in some cultures accompanied by a party


reporter

a journalist who investigates, edits and reports news stories for newspapers, radio and television


iho

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qihu, from Proto-Austronesian *qiSu.

inh+

a shark (a scaleless, predatory fish of the superorder Selachimorpha, with a cartilaginous skeleton and 5 to 7 gill slits on each side of its head)


lato

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *latuq. Compare Indonesian latuh, Malay latuh ,Sabah Malay latok and Tagalog lato.


bodega

Borrowed from Spanish bodega. Doublet of botika and botik.


bote

From Spanish bote (“boat”), from Middle English bot, from Old English bāt, from Proto-Germanic *baitaz.


Ethel

a female given name from English [in turn from Old English]


helikopter

Borrowed from English helicopter, borrowed from French hélicoptère, from Ancient Greek ἕλιξ (hélix, “spiral”) + πτερόν (pterón, “wing”).
Sense "dragonfly", after its resemblance to the vehicle.


eut

The ⟨i-⟩ and ⟨-yo-⟩ of iyot were replaced with homophonous English E and English U.

(Internet slang, text messaging) abbreviation of iyot


pako

northern mud gudgeon (Ophiocara porocephala)


bildo

Corruption of Spanish vidrio, from Latin vitrum.


tipolo

Artocarpus blancoi; a tree in the family Moraceae and endemic to the Philippines


nota

From a Tagalog gay slang nota (“the penis”). Displaced by notch.


suno

any of several fish species in the family Serranidae including:

the leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus)


bara

a yard; a unit of length equal to 3 feet


pagi

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *paʀih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀih, from Proto-Austronesian *paʀiS.


kingpin

(transport) axis where which steered wheels pivot; bolt that holds the pivot in place

most important person in an undertaking or organization


call girl

Unadapted borrowing from English call girl.

ubor

(humorous) a woman who works as a call center agent (see usage notes)


kakapo

Strigops habroptila
Strigops habroptila#Translingual


ibid

Philippine sailfin lizard (Hydrosaurus pustulatus)


rotunda

a roundabout; a road junction at which traffic streams circularly around a central island


maya

the chestnut munia (Lonchura atricapilla)

generically, any small, nondescript bird


salida

a television show; a live or recorded broadcast or program, or series of broadcasts or programs, meant to be viewed on television


remora

Borrowed from English remora, borrowed from Latin remora (“delay, hindrance, passive resistance”).

der

a remora; any of various elongate brown fish from the family Echeneidae, the dorsal fin of which is in the form of a suction disc that can take a firm hold against the skin of larger marine animals


kometa

Borrowed from Spanish cometa, from Latin comēta, from Ancient Greek κομήτης (komḗtēs, “longhaired”), referring to the tail of a comet, from κόμη (kómē, “hair”).


obispo

Borrowed from Spanish obispo (“bishop”).

(humorous) a favored guest, especially in a feast


sirena

From Spanish sirena, from Late Latin sirēna, from Latin Sīrēn, from Ancient Greek Σειρήν (Seirḗn).

a siren; a device that creates a loud sound as an alarm or signal; the sound it creates

(slang, offensive) a male homosexual, especially one who is effeminate

(slang, offensive, by extension) a feminine man, regardless of sexuality


manta

From English manta ray, from Spanish manta.

a manta ray; any of several very large pelagic rays of the genus Manta


awa

Chanos chanos
Chanos chanos#Translingual

a wild sea dwelling milkfish (Chanos chanos); as opposed to milkfish raised in aquaculture (see usage notes)

the Hawaiian ladyfish (Elops hawaiensis)


lino

From Spanish lino, from Latin līnum, from Proto-Indo-European *līnom. Displaced balandan. Superseded by linen.

(archaic) linen; thread or cloth made from flax fiber


muchacha

From Spanish muchacha, feminine equivalent of muchacho.

(dated, derogatory) Alternative spelling of mutsatsa


tono

Borrowed from Spanish tono, learned borrowing from Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos).


iro

From older ido, from Proto-Bisayan *qiduq, from Proto-Philippine *qiduq.


tumba

From Spanish tumbar. Cognate with Tagalog tumba.

any of two cyprinid fish endemic to Lake Lanao in the Philippines


trono

Borrowed from Spanish trono, from Latin thronus, from Ancient Greek θρόνος (thrónos).


modelo

Borrowed from Spanish modelo. Doublet of model.

model (someone who poses for a photograph or painting)


pintor

Borrowed from Spanish pintor, from Vulgar Latin *pinctor *pinctōrem, from Latin pictor.

a laborer or workman who paints surfaces using a paintbrush or other means


bomba

(dated) a woman with big buttocks, or thighs


isla

Borrowed from Spanish isla, from Late Latin *isula, from Latin īnsula.


napkin

From English napkin, from Middle English napkyn.


mora

Chrysopogon zizanioides
Chrysopogon zizanioides#Translingual


daman

parasomnia (especially sleeptalking and sleepwalking)


doktor

ceb-noun

doktór (feminine doktora, Badlit spelling ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

Borrowed from Spanish doctor, from Latin doctor (“teacher”), from doceō (“I teach”).
The verb sense is a semantic loan from English doctor

doctor
a person who has attained a doctorate


retarded

From English retarded, from retard, from Middle English, from Anglo-Norman or Latin, from Old French retarder, from Latin retardāre (“to retard”), from re- + tardus (“slow”).


halwa

Metathesis of hawla, from Spanish jaula.


mago

From Spanish mago, from Latin magus, from Ancient Greek μάγος (mágos).

the Magi; the wise men that met and gave gifts to the baby Jesus at the Epiphany (traditionally considered to be three in number and sometimes named Melchior, Caspar and Balthazar, but in fact unknown in number)


mago

Carlito syrichta
Carlito syrichta#Translingual


salvage

summary execution, extrajudicial killing


mabolo

Compare Tagalog mabulo and Ilocano mabolo.


testing

From English testing, present participle of test, from Middle English test, teste, borrowed from Old French test, teste (“an earthen vessel, especially a pot in which metals were tried”), from Latin testum (“the lid of an earthen vessel, an earthen vessel, an earthen pot”), from *terstus, past participle of the root *tersa (“dry land”).


kubo

Borrowed from Spanish cubo. False cognate of Tagalog kubo, which is semantically and phonetically influenced by the Spanish, but is from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kubu (and cognate with Indonesian and Malay kubu).


satin

From English satin, from Old French satin, from Italian setino, probably via unattested Late Latin sētīnus (“silken [cloth]”), from Latin sētā.


gugma

Possibly related to Tagalog gayuma (“love potion”).


kamatuoran

[kɐ.mɐ.t̪ʊˈʔo.ɾ̪ɐn̪]


kalipay

bathwater prepared by soaking leaves of this plant in water, supposed to bring happiness to a child who is bathed in it

drink made by boiling the leaves of this plant, served to a couple before the wedding supposedly to promote a happy marriage


okra

Borrowed from English okra, probably from Igbo ọkụrụ.

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus#Translingual


kabaw

From earlier kalabaw, with dropping of /l/ when surrounded by identical vowels in Boholano and Leyte dialects, borrowed from Waray-Waray karabaw, from Malay kerbau, from Proto-Malayic *kAr(ə)baw, ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *krpiʔ ~ *krpiiw ~ *krpuʔ ~ *(kr)puh (“buffalo”). Compare Bikol Central karabaw, Hiligaynon karabaw, Tagalog kalabaw, Tausug kabaw, Waray-Waray karabaw, Khmer ក្របី (krɑɑbəy), Halang kơpùa, Indonesian kerbau, Javanese ꦏꦼꦧꦺꦴ (kebo), Thai กระบือ (grà-bʉʉ).

(colloquial) neckerchief slide of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines


Sugboanon

a person born and native to the island of Cebu, Philippines

(rare) a resident of or a person from Cebu City


uma

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quma.

inh+

farm; a piece of land where crops or animals are raised


tras

Barbodes tras; a cyprinid fish endemic to Lake Lanao in the Philippines


bandera

From Spanish bandera, from banda + -era.

a type of kite that is shaped like a flag


kasa

From Spanish casa (“house”), from Latin casa (“cottage”).


Bisaya

Unknown. Possibly related to Sanskrit विषय (viṣaya, “kingdom; dominion; region; territory; domain; realm”), according to Potet (2016). Compare Sabah Bisaya Bisaya, Brunei Bisaya Bisaya, Tatana Bisaya, Khmer វិស័យ (visay), Thai วิสัย (wí-sǎi), Pali visaya. Other theories include:
* From Malay Sri Vijaya (“Sri Vijaya”), from Sanskrit श्री विजय (śrī vijayá). During the 1950s to the 1960s, various authors have claimed that Bisaya is derived from Sri Vijaya, claiming the early settlers of Panay were either from Sri Vijaya or subjects of Sri Vijaya. However, linguist Eugene Verstraelen refutes these claims by pointing out that Vijaya would have been "Bidaya" or "Biraya". Compare Malay bisai.
* From Sanskrit वैश्य (vaíśya) which would have been what Indian traders and/or pirates might have described the settlers of Panay.

der

Filipino ang mga Bisaya.


lilo

a large and violent whirlpool; a maelstrom


buot

Compare Bikol Central buot, Tagalog bait (“kindness”). See similarities with the semantics of Tagalog loob.

(dated, in fixed phrases) mind, thoughts

(obsolete) worth; thing worthy of being loved


buot

the Philippine pygmy squirrel (Exilisciurus concinnus)


tako

a cue; the stick used to ptopel the ball in snooker, billards, etc.


babaylan

From an initial reduplication of baylan, from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balian (“shaman”). Compare Malay belian. Possibly related to babaye.

(historical) in pre-colonial Cebu; a woman, sometimes an effeminate man, who functioned as a village priestess or medium


abrigo

[ʔɐbˈɾ̪i.ɡo]

Borrowed from Spanish abrigo (“overcoat”).


salon

(obsolete) a ballroom; a large room used for dancing and banquets


bugas

From Proto-Bisayan *bəgas, from Proto-Philippine *bəʀas (cf. Kapampangan abias, Maranao begas, Tagalog bigas), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀas (cf. Malay beras), from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀas.
First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.


pegasus

From English pegasus, from Pegasus, from Latin Pēgasus, from Ancient Greek Πήγασος (Pḗgasos).


pegasus

Bellerophon
Michael (archangel)
Red Horse Beer

Horse from Red Horse Beer, wings from Gold Eagle Beer and St. Michael the Archangel standing in for Bellerophon or Perseus.

a cocktail using Red Horse Beer and Gold Eagle Beer and Ginebra San Miguel


jai alai

From English jai alai, from Spanish, from Basque jai (“festival”) + alai (“merry”).

an illegal lottery based on the scores of jai alai games


bangs

From English bangs, plural of bang, from Middle English *bangen, from Old English *bangian, *bangan or Old Norse banga (“to pound, hammer”); both from Proto-Germanic *bang- (“to beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰen- (“to beat, hit, injure”).

bang; a fringe of hair cut across the forehead


honda

genericized trademark
genericized trademark

(genericized trademark, regional, chiefly Southern Leyte) motorcycle


osa

From usa, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀsa, compare Dupaningan Agta ogsa and Malay rusa.


administrador

ceb-noun

administradór (Badlit spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

[ʔɐd̪.mɪ.n̪ɪs̪.t̪ɾ̪ɐˈd̪oɾ̪]


modus

Borrowed from English modus operandi, from Latin modus operandī.


dorado

any of several fishes
mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus)

Coryphaena hippurus
Coryphaena hippurus#Translingual

any of several fishes
greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili)

blackbanded trevally (Seriolina nigrofasciata)

any of the four recognized species of the genus Scomberoides

needle-scaled queenfish (Scomberoides tol)

doublespotted queenfish (Scomberoides lysan)

talang queenfish (Scomberoides commersonnianus)


tipo

Artocarpus blancoi; a tree in the family Moraceae and endemic to the Philippines


alat

Borrowed from Tagalog alat (“slang: police officer”).


alat

Borrowed from Tagalog alat (“saltiness”).


alat

big and tall wide-mouth basket with loose mesh weave


paso

Borrowed from Spanish paso, from Latin passus.

(bingo) an instance where a player fails to declare a bingo


paso

From Proto-Philippine *pásuq (“to roast, broil; scald, sear, burn”).

inh

a burn; a physical injury caused by heat, cold, electricity, radiation or caustic chemicals


nara

Pterocarpus indicus
Pterocarpus indicus#Translingual

(rare, proscribed) the narra tree (Pterocarpus indicus)


atop

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *qatəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatəp. Compare Malay atap, Tagalog atip, Tausug atup, Rungus ta'ap, Tambunan Dusun ta'ap, Lotud ta'ap and Kimaragang ta'ap.

roofing (material used on the outside of a roof)


hito

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hituq.


sentido

sense (only in the phrase) sentido komun


marino

From Spanish marino, from Latin marīnus, from mare (“sea”), from Proto-Indo-European *móri.


peregrino

From Spanish peregrino, from Latin peregrīnus, from peregrē (“abroad”) + -īnus.


lana

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laña.

wave that looks like a thin film of oil on the surface

(folklore) oil that supposedly grants the ungo the abilities of flight, shapeshifting, etc.


bolsa

From Spanish bolsa, from Late Latin bursa, from the Ancient Greek βύρσα (búrsa, “hide, wine-skin”). A corrected form of bulsa, with the letter o retained.

der

a pocket; a small bag inside a garment for carrying small items

(obsolete) a sack; a large bag of strong, coarse material for storage and handling of various commodities, such as potatoes, coal, coffee


pantalon

Etymology tree
Greek Παντελεήμων (Panteleḯmon)bor.
Spanish Pantaleónder.
Italian Pantaloneder.
French pantalonbor.
Spanish pantalónbor.
Cebuano pantalonBorrowed from Spanish pantalón.


pana

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *panaq, from Proto-Austronesian *panaq.


garas

a scratch; a disruption, mark or shallow cut on a surface made by scratching


hari

(coin toss) heads; the side of a coin that bears the picture of the head of state or similar

(card games) a playing card with the letter "K" and the image of a king on it, the thirteenth card in a given suit


maja

a pudding, usually made using cornstarch and coconut milk


kanto

Borrowed from Spanish canto, from Latin cantus (“metal rim of a wheel”), of Celtic origin.

a corner; specifically the exterior corner


paras

a grapevine; the plant, a vine of genus Vitis, on which grapes grow


kusi

Loriculus philippensis
Loriculus philippensis#Translingual

the Philippine hanging parrot (Loriculus philippensis)


halad

an offering; that which has been offered; a sacrifice

a dedication; a note addressed to a patron or friend, prefixed to a work of art as a token of respect, esteem, or affection


sula

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sulah.


utan

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qutan, from Proto-Austronesian *quCaN.


suki

From Hokkien 主客 (chú-kheh, “regular customer or dealer”).

bor

a favored customer, a regular who receives preferential treatment


biga

lust; a feeling of strong desire, especially such a feeling driven by sexual arousal


apo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”), from Proto-Austronesian *apu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”).


ripa

a raffle; a drawing, often held as a fundraiser, in which tickets or chances are sold to win a prize


alak

Borrowed from Malay arak, from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq) (cf. Bikol Central arak, Chamorro arak and Ilocano arak).


puno

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *puqun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puqun with metathesis. Akin to Malay pohon.


bili

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bili. Compare Tagalog bili.


kapal

the yellow-tailed sergeant major (Abudefduf notatus)


anislag

Flueggea flexuosa (syn. Securinega flexuosa), a tree endemic to the Philippines


almasiga

the almaciga or Philippine agathis (Agathis philippinensis)


aguho

Casuarina equisetifolia
Casuarina equisetifolia#Translingual

Australian pine tree (Casuarina equisetifolia)


pulo

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *pujuq. Compare Malay pulau.


oras

Borrowed from Spanish horas, plural of hora, from Latin hōra (“hour”), from Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra, “time, season, year”), from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁- (“year, season”).

der

an hour; a time period of sixty minutes; one twenty-fourth of a day


itlog

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qitəluʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *qiCəluʀ.
First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.
Sense "testicle", displaced buto.


punda

Borrowed from Spanish funda (“wrapping”).


adik

From English addict, from Latin addictus, past participle of addīcō (“deliver; devote; surrender”), from ad- (“to, towards, at”) + dīcō (“say; declare”).

an addict; a person who is addicted, especially a drug addict


guna

a type of bolo knife, shorter and smaller than a sundang and with a blunt point, primarily used for weeding, digging and loosening the soil around plants


asal

roasting; the act by which something is roasted


mangga

From Malay mangga, from Malayalam മാങ്ങ (māṅṅa), from മാവ് (māvŭ, “mango species”) + കായ (kāya, “unripe fruit”), or from another Dravidian source.


tasik

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tasik (“sea”).


ulo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulu, from Proto-Austronesian *quluh.


kuko

From Proto-Philippine *kukuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kukuh, from Proto-Austronesian *kuSkuS.
First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.


timog

From Proto-Philippine *timuʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timuʀ and Proto-Austronesian *timuʀ.


kilat

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kilat, from Proto-Austronesian *likaC.


tangis

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *taŋis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋis, from Proto-Austronesian *Caŋis.


kulo

Artocarpus altilis
Artocarpus altilis#Translingual


papan

Anas luzonica
Anas luzonica#Translingual


papan

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *papan.


baboy

From Proto-Philippine *babuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babuy, from Proto-Austronesian *babuy.
First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.


buaya

From Malay buaya, from Proto-Malayic *buhaya, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buqaya, from Proto-Austronesian *buqaya.

(sports slang, especially basketball) ball hog


halom

Amaranthus caudatus
Amaranthus caudatus#Translingual

the love-lies-bleeding (Amaranthus caudatus)


langit

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋit, from Proto-Austronesian *laŋiC.

Adunay Diyos sa langit.


pinggan

From Malay pinggan, from Classical Persian پنگان (pingān, “cup; bowl”) (compare Tagalog pinggan (“plate”), Tamil பீங்கான் (pīṅkāṉ, “ceramic”)).


layag

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *layaʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *layaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *layaʀ.


manok

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *manuk, from Proto-Austronesian *manuk.
First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522..
Sense 2 is an allusion to betting on a gamecock in a cockfight.


siko

From Proto-Austronesian *sikux. First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.


puto

From Tamil புட்டு (puṭṭu, “a Tamil dish”).

a rice cake cooked by boiling or steaming rice

a similar dish that uses egg whites and flour


langaw

From Proto-Philippine *laŋaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋaw.


bago

the Spanish joint fir, paddy oats (Gnetum gnemon)


tubig

From Proto-Bisayan *tubig, from Proto-Central Philippine *tubig, from Proto-Greater Central Philippine *tubig.


puti

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)putiq.
The interjection is a reference to the color of semen.


kuto

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutu, from Proto-Austronesian *kuCu.

parasite, especially mites, lice, ticks and fleas


managing

[mɐˈn̪a.ɡɪŋ]

Prioniturus discurus
Prioniturus discurus#Translingual

the blue-crowned racket-tail (Prioniturus discurus)


dila

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dilaq.
First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522..
Sense 3, semantic loan from English tongue.


bato

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batu, from Proto-Austronesian *batu. Compare Fijian vatu, Hawaiian haku, Hiligaynon bato, Indonesian batu, Kapampangan batu, Malagasy vato, Malay batu and Maori whatu.
The sense of "kidney" is a semantic loan from Tagalog bato.

piece in chess, checkers, sungka or similar games


Agatha

a princess; a young girl or woman considered vain, spoiled or selfish; a prima donna

an unfriendly or disparaging way of addressing such woman or girl


baro

a cylindrical container with a capacity of about 5 to 6 gallons


buli

(by extension) any member of the genus Corypha, collectively called buri palm

fiber extracted from the leaves of this plant


lisa

a dislocation; the act of dislocating, or putting out of joint


kolor

Borrowed from Spanish color, from Latin colorēm, singular accusative of color, from Old Latin colos (“covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, conceal”).


tempura

Possibly from Spanish tempura (“breaded or battered like (Japanese) tempura”), from Japanese 天麩羅(てんぷら) (tenpura), from Portuguese, from Latin.

bor

(colloquial) kikiam (deep fried elongated beancurd roll over meat (usually ground pork) and vegetables, served as a streetfood snack)


liha

From Spanish lija, from liho, from Latin lixa.


basura

[bɐˈs̪u.ɾ̪ɐ]

garbage; useless or disposable material; waste material of any kind


tari

a metal spur attached to a gamecock's legs; a gaff; a cockspur

a cockfight; especially one employing the use of gaffs


mahimahi

From English mahi-mahi, mahimahi, from Hawaiian.


ina

From Proto-Philippine *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.


Serge

a diminutive of the male given name Sergio


mam

Borrowed from English ma'am, contraction of madam.


lapa

(arithmetic, division) quotient; the result of division

pagbahin-bahin (division); dividend: bahinanan


asno

donkey; ass (any of the subspecies of the horse-like animal Equus asinus, often domesticated and used a beast of burden)


sona

From English zone, from Latin zōna, from Ancient Greek ζώνη (zṓnē, “girdle, belt”).

der

a zone; a given area distinguished on the basis of a particular characteristic, use, restriction, etc.


magasin

From English magazine, borrowed from Middle French magasin (“warehouse, store”), from Italian magazzino (“storehouse”), ultimately from Arabic مَخَازِن pl (maḵāzin), plural of مَخْزَن (maḵzan, “storeroom, storehouse”), noun of place from خَزَنَ (ḵazana, “to store, to stock, to lay up”).

a periodical publication, generally consisting of sheets of paper folded in half and stapled at fold

a chamber in a firearm enabling multiple rounds of ammunition to be fed into the firearm

a reservoir or supply chamber for a stove, battery, camera, typesetting machine, or other apparatus


anto

an elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius)


bogo

Garuga floribunda; a large deciduous tree often cultivated as a shade tree


dail

(obsolete, astronomy) full moon; the phase of the moon when it is in opposition to the sun


Mildred

From English Mildred, from the name of an 8th-century English saint, from Old English Mildþryþ, from mild (“mild"”) + þryþ (“strength”).

a female given name from English [in turn from Old English]


toma

Borrowed from Spanish tomar (“to drink; to take”). Doublet of tomar.


relo

Borrowed from Spanish reloj (“clock”), from Old Catalan relotge (1362) (Modern Catalan rellotge), from the older orollotge, from Latin hōrologium, from Ancient Greek ὡρολόγιον (hōrológion).


nati

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nati, from Proto-Austronesian [Term?]. Compare Waray-Waray nati, Maranao nati.


tita

Borrowed from Spanish tita, diminutive of tía (“aunt”), from Late Latin thia, from Ancient Greek θεία (theía).

an affectionate or honorific term for a woman of an older generation than oneself


lolo

From a shortened form of Spanish abuelo by folk etymology.

An affectionate or honorific term for an elderly man


Via Crucis

Stations of the Cross
Stations of the Cross

the Way of the Cross; a series of pictures/statues depicting the Stations of the Cross, as laid out around a church, along a road etc.

a procession held during the Holy Week where participants trace the Way of the Cross


sawa

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *sawa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sawa (cf. Bikol Central sawa, Indonesian sawa, Malay sawa, Tagalog sawa).

the reticulated python (Malayapython reticulatus)


hiring

hearing; a proceeding at which discussions are heard


anis

Pimpinella anisum
Pimpinella anisum#Translingual

anise or aniseed plant (Pimpinella anisum)

Illicium verum
Illicium verum#Translingual


estandard

From English standard, from Middle English, from the Old French estandart (“gathering place, battle flag”), from Old Frankish *standhard (literally “stand firm, stand hard”), equivalent to stand + -ard. Alternative etymology derives the second element from Old Frankish *ord (“point, spot, place”).

a standard; a principle or example or measure used for comparison


lila

From Spanish lila, borrowed from French lilac, from Arabic لِيلَك (līlak), from Persian نیلک (nilak), from نیل (nil, “dark blue”), ultimately from Sanskrit नीला (nīlā, “dark blue”).

lilac; a large shrub of the genus Syringa

a pale purple colour/color, the colour of some lilac flowers


kaka

a spider; any of various eight-legged, predatory arthropods, of the order Araneae, most of which spin webs to catch prey

tar; a solid residual byproduct of tobacco smoke


baga

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀah.


baga

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *baʀaq.


banban

a halfbeak; any member of the family Hemiramphidae

Donax canniformis, a plant, the lone recognized species of the genus Donax


songer

(humorous) a person (a nonsinger) with a surprisingly good singing voice


negra

(offensive, vulgar) female equivalent of negro


hedonismo

From Spanish hedonismo, English hedonism.

(ethics) the belief that pleasure or happiness is the highest good in life

a general devotion to the pursuit of pleasure


klepto

From English kleptomaniac, from Ancient Greek κλέπτω (kléptō, “I steal”) (from Proto-Hellenic *klépťō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *klep-) + -maniac.

der

one who steals compulsively; a kleptomaniac


intrigo

From Spanish entrego, from entregar, from Latin integrāre with metathesis, present active infinitive of integrō, with a semi-learned influence (cf. medieval Spanish entrego).


Jasper

From English Jasper, a name given to one of the Magi in a medieval European cult, from Biblical Hebrew גִּזְבָּר (gizbar), ultimately from Old Median *ganzabara-.

a male given name from English [in turn from Old Persian]


libas

Spondias mombin
Spondias mombin#Translingual


kayo

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

(Metro Cebu) Pronunciation spelling of kalayo.


barangay

[bɐ.ɾ̪ɐŋˈɡaɪ̯]

From older balangay, from balangay; a type of wooden watercraft used by a group of Austronesian people when they migrated to the Philippines.

the smallest local government unit in the Philippines, a subdivision of a city or municipality


adobo

fried meat that has been marinated in soy sauce, garlic and vinegar or calamondin juice

a dish in which meat or liver is slowly cooked in a sauce including soy sauce, vinegar, garlic and onions


alarma

[ʔɐˈl̪aɾ̪.mɐ]

any sound or information intended to give notice of approaching danger; a warning sound to arouse attention; a warning of danger

mechanical device for awaking people or rousing their attention

instance of an alarm ringing, beeping or clanging


aras

Borrowed from Spanish arras, from Latin arrha.


armas

From Spanish armas, plural of arma, from Old Spanish arma, from Late Latin arma (“weapon”), from Latin arma (“defensive arms”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)rmos (“fitting”), from the root *h₂er- (“to join”).


botas

Borrowed from Spanish bota, botas, from Late Latin buttis, probably via Greek (compare Ancient Greek πυτίνη (putínē, “flask”)), ultimately from the imitative Proto-Indo-European *bʰeHw- (“to swell, puff”).


balas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *badas (“grit, coarse sand, gravel”).


bata

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bataq, from Proto-Austronesian *bataq.


embutido

a type of luncheon meat, made with ground pork, evaporated milk, raisins, cheese, hotdogs and hard-boiled eggs, usually wrapped in foil and cooked by steaming


yemas

Borrowed from Spanish yemas, plural of yema, from Latin gemma.

a sweet custard candy ball made with egg yolks and condensed milk


lapida

Borrowed from Spanish lápida, from Latin lapis (“stone”).


pasas

Borrowed from Spanish pasas, plural of pasa, from Latin ūva passa (literally “stretched grape”).

der

(colloquial, humorous) a large raised mole


pasmo

spasmodic hands and cold sweaty palms caused by strenuous use of the hands in manual labor; often believed to be caused by handwashing, without resting both hands first, after extended use of hands

chills or muscle spasms caused by washing up or showering, without resting or waiting one's sweat to dry up first, after exercise or sports

acid reflux caused by skipping a meal; a folk illness caused by eating ice cold food before a main meal; a collection of symptoms including headache on one side of the head, cold soles, numbness, sweaty palms, acid reflux and stomachache


lideres

From lider + -es. The singular form lider, from English leader, is often erroneously attributed to Spanish.


mamaba

the distance measured from one's chin to the tip of an outstretched arm


manando

Phalaenopsis lueddemanniana; a species of moth orchid endemic to the Philippines


maniobra

Borrowed from Spanish maniobra, calqued from French manœuvre.

maneuver (US); manoeuvre (Australia, Canada, UK)


mino

(folklore) a magic spell cast, by a supernatural being, to confuse, disorient or make people lose their way


pepino

Borrowed from Spanish pepino, diminutive of Latin pepo, peponis, from Ancient Greek πέπων (pépōn).

Cucumis sativus
Cucumis sativus#Translingual

a vine in the gourd family, Cucumis sativus

the edible fruit of this plant, having a green rind and crisp white flesh; cucumber


rimas

an evergreen tree, Artocarpus altilis, native to islands of the east Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean

the large round fruit of this tree; breadfruit


rimas

a scoop or cup used to remove water that has filled up a boat or canoe


retrato

From Spanish retrato, borrowed from Italian ritratto, from Latin retractus.

a photograph; a picture made using a camera


talaba

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *talabá (“kind of shellfish; oyster”).

inh+

oyster; any member of the family Ostreidae


titulo

title
prefix or suffix appended onto a name

title
name of a book or other literary work


suba

From Proto-Bisayan *subaq. Akin to Aklanon suba and Hiligaynon suba.


termino

Borrowed from Spanish término, from Latin terminus (“a bound, boundary, limit, end, in Medieval Latin also a time, period, word, covenant, etc.”).
The sense "set time limit" is a semantic loan from English term.

der

term (word or phrase, especially one from a special used area of knowledge)


alho

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qahəlu, from Proto-Austronesian *qaSəlu.


planter

a frameup; a false incrimination of an innocent person


pista

From Spanish fiesta, from Late Latin festa < Latin festa, plural of festum.

feast or banquet associated with such festival


alimango

Scylla serrata
Scylla serrata#Translingual


puwa

(Metro Cebu, Bohol, Southern Leyte) Alternative form of pula


ando

An elephant foot yam or whitespot giant arum (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius)


kokis

From English cookies, plural of cookie, borrowed from Dutch koekje (possibly through dialectal variation koekie), diminutive of koek (“cake”), from Proto-Germanic *kōkô.

a cookie; a sweet baked good which (usually) has chocolate chips, fruit, nuts etc. baked into it


presa

From Spanish fresa, from French fraise, from earlier fraige, from Latin frāga, plural of frāgum.


buwan

(dialectal, Metro Cebu, Bohol, Leyte) Alternative form of bulan

ring or circle where the can is placed or made to stand in bato lata


hapon

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *hapun (“to roost”).

inh+

Coordinate term: palis — obsolete

afternoon; especially mid to late afternoon and early evening


gabi

Colocasia esculenta
Colocasia esculenta#Translingual

any of several other species with similar corms and growth habit in Colocasia, Alocasia etc.

the leaves of this plant used as vegetable


koop

Shortening of kooperatiba. Compare English co-op.

a co-op; any shop owned by a cooperative

a cooperative; a type of company that is owned partially or wholly by its employees, customers or tenants


pintos

a corn cake sold wrapped in cornhusk from Bogo, Cebu


karton

Borrowed from Spanish cartón, from French carton.


karton

From English cartoon, from French carton, from Italian cartone, augmentative of carta, from Latin carta.

a cartoon (an animated piece of film which is often but not exclusively humorous)


luta

Lutâ sa ligíd sa dálan.

imprints made by the pressure or weight of something


braso

the upper arm, especially the collective muscles of the upper arm


bukid

Ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *bukij (cf. Bikol Central bukid, Indonesian bukit, Malay bukit, Tagalog bukid).

Naa siya sa bukid.


barkada

From Spanish barcada (“boatload”), which underwent semantic change.

a close friend or a member of such group


buhok

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhək, from Proto-Austronesian *bukəS.
First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.


kapital

From English capital, from Middle English capital, borrowed from Latin capitālis (“of the head”) (in sense “head of cattle”), from caput (“head”).
Related to tsapter and kapitulo.

(business, finance, insurance) a capital; money and wealth


dagat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀat (“littoral sea”).


salabay

[s̪ɐˈl̪a.bɐɪ̯]

Portuguese man-of-war
Portuguese man-of-war


riprap

a riprap rocks or other materials used to shore up an embankment, deter or prevent erosion, guide shipping, or serve as a temporary mooring


rampa

From English ramp, from models walking the runway in fashion shows.


taming

Taming ang nakaluwas niya.


milo

Paradoxurus hermaphroditus
Paradoxurus hermaphroditus#Translingual

Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus)


saksi

From Malay saksi, from Sanskrit साक्षी (sākṣī), masculine nominative singular form of साक्षिन् (sākṣin, “witness”).


buwa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bujeq.
Sense "coconut apple", after its similarity to bubble foam.

(Metro Cebu, Bohol, Southern Leyte) Alternative form of bula


bokal

(phonetics) a sound produced by the vocal cords with relatively little restriction of the oral cavity, forming the prominent sound of a syllable

(orthography) a letter representing the sound of vowel


ingrato

[ʔɪŋˈɡɾ̪a.t̪o]


Sergio

From Spanish Sergio, from Latin Sergius.


tagna

[ˈt̪aɡ.n̪ɐʔ]

Borrowed from Sanskrit लग्न (lagna, “horoscope”).


bao

From Proto-Philippine *baququ. Compare Hiligaynon bao, Maranao bao'o and Tausug bauu

(vehicles, automotive, slang) Volkswagen Beetle


paho

a tree of species Mangifera altissima, in the family Anacardiaceae, found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, and the Solomon Islands

a stringy variety of mango fruit resembling the fruit of Mangifera altissima


daol

the dried spathe of a coconut inflorescence


bakbak

swaddling; clothing that restrict movement of babies


parapente

Borrowed from Spanish parapente, from French parapente. Displaced by paraglayder.


traktor

From English tractor, from Latin tractus.

(aviation) a plane with tractor configuration


batalyon

Borrowed from Spanish batallón (“battalion”).


bulay

Lablab purpureus
Lablab purpureus#Translingual


balanse

mawad-an sa balanse


kategoriya

(mathematics) category (group of objects)


konduktor

head

konduktor (konduktór feminine, konduktora)

Borrowed from Spanish conductor (“driver”), from Latin conductor.

(transport) conductor (person who collects fares in public transportation)

(music) conductor (person who conducts an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble)

(physics) conductor (something which can transmit electricity, heat, light or sound)


rekord

From English record, from Middle English, borrowed from Old French record, from recorder.

an item of information put into a temporary or permanent physical medium

any instance of a physical medium on which information was put for the purpose of preserving it and making it available for future reference

the most extreme known value of some achievement, particularly in competitive events


lunga

Sesamum indicum
Sesamum indicum#Translingual


miting

a meeting; a gathering of people for a purpose


maestra

[mɐˈis̪.t̪ɾ̪ɐ]


Glenda

From English Glenda, from Welsh, from glân (“holy, fair”) and da (“good”).

a female given name from English [in turn from Welsh]


basi

From Proto-Philippine *basi (“sugarcane wine”) (cf. Bikol Central basi, Ilocano basi).


miga

an address to a female friend; a friendly placeholder name for a person one does not know


lala

Several etymologies have been proposed:
* From Sanskrit लाला (lālā, “saliva”).
* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lajaq (“to sting, of a wound or spices in food”).


katala

Cacatua haematuropygia
Cacatua haematuropygia#Translingual

the red-vented cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia); a species of cockatoo that is endemic to the Philippines

a monkey wrench; a wrench with an adjustable jaw


montani

Harrisonia perforata; a climbing shrub in the citrus family


larga

From Spanish larga, from largar, from largo, from Latin largus.


tukat

the wattled broadbill (Sarcophanops steerii)


panit

the skin; the outer protective layer of the body of any animal, including of a human

leather, especially leather from cowhide

a fruit peel; the skin that has been peeled off from a fruit

the bark; the exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree


pahat

a share; a portion of something, especially a portion given or allotted to someone

a quota; a prescribed number or percentage that may serve as, for example, a maximum, a minimum, or a goal


palata

Barbodes palata; a cyprinid fish endemic to Lake Lanao in the Philippines

Risiocnemis seidenschwarzi; a damselfly endemic to Cebu


lamat

(folklore) magic spell cast by a supernatural being, to confuse, disorient or make people lose their way


gramatika

[ɡɾ̪ɐˈma.t̪ɪ.kɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish gramática, from Latin grammatica, from Ancient Greek γραμματική (grammatikḗ).


menudo

Borrowed from Spanish menudo, from Latin minūtus (“small, little”). Doublet of minuto and menu.


kajo

(Bohol, Southern Leyte) Eye dialect spelling of kayo (“fire”).


puki

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puki, from Proto-Austronesian *puki.

the female genitalia; the vulva or vagina


amigas

Borrowed from Spanish hormigas, plural of hormiga.


kulot

(historical) the act of closing or suturing an ear piercing


sulat

Borrowed from Malay surat, from Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

der

a letter, a correspondence; a written message


padrino

(obsolete) sponsor at a wedding, baptism, confirmation, etc.


makaroni

From English macaroni, from Italian maccaroni, obsolete variant of maccheroni (“macaroni”), plural of maccherone, possibly from maccare (“bruise, batter, crush”), which is of unknown origin, or from late Ancient Greek μακαρία (makaría, “food made from barley”).

macaroni; a type of pasta in the form of short tubes


alis

a wake; the path left behind a ship on the surface of the water


Vic

From English Vic, a diminutive of Victor.


kak

From English cock, from Middle English cok, from Old English coc, cocc (“cock, male bird”), from Proto-Germanic *kukkaz (“cock”), probably of onomatopoeic origin.


sulo

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suluq, compare Malay suluh.


ungo

(folklore) witchlike or vampirelike creature or monster


pinyon

Combretum indicum
Combretum indicum#Translingual

the Chinese honeysuckle (Combretum indicum)


aping

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *apiŋ.
First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.

fleshy sides of a mango when sliced off and separated from the seed


periko

Borrowed from Spanish perico; diminutive of archaic Pero, the precursor to the modern name Pedro.


pasaporte

From Spanish pasaporte. Prior to the Philippine passport, the Spaniards issued safe-conducts called chapas.


musi

the birdbeak burrfish (Cyclichthys orbicularis)


pulos

a function; a purpose for which something may be employed


pusta

From Spanish apostar, derived from Latin apposĭtum, from apponĕre.


iring

(often humorous) cat meat (see usage notes)


init

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *qinit (“heat of the sun; hot”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qinit.


balon

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balun (cf. Bikol Central balon, Ilocano balon Tagalog baon).

money, food, or other provisions taken to school, work, or on a journey


lukot

the egg string of the wedge sea hare (Dolabella auricularia) used as food

Tetragonula biroi; a species of stingless bee


korona

Borrowed from Spanish corona, from Latin corōna.


kolektor

Borrowed from English collector, from Anglo-Norman collectour, from Late Latin collector, from Latin colligō (“to gather together”), from com- (“together”) + legō (“to choose”), from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to pick out, select”).

der

a person who or a thing that collects, or which creates or manages a collection

a person who is employed to collect payments


korner

From English corner, from Middle English corner, from Anglo-Norman cornere, from Old French corne (“corner, angle”, literally “a horn, projecting point”), from Vulgar Latin *corna (“horn”), from Latin cornua, plural of cornū (“projecting point, end, horn”).


ragbi

From English rugby, from Rugby, a brand of rubber cement by Bostik.

(obsolete) rubber cement, contact cement


taho

Borrowed from Hokkien 豆腐 (tāu-hū, “tofu; bean curd”). See also Hokkien 豆腐花 (tāu-hū-hoa/tāu-hū-hoe, “douhua; tofu pudding”), which taho might simply be short for.

cog

a Philippine snack food made from sweetened flavoured tofu with sago pearls


sako

Borrowed from Spanish saco, from Old Spanish saco, from Latin saccus (“large bag”), from Ancient Greek σάκκος (sákkos, “bag of coarse cloth”), from Semitic, possibly Phoenician. Compare Spanish saco. Displaced bulsa.


babat

From English bath, from Middle English [Term?], from Old English bæþ (“bath”), from Proto-Germanic *baþą (“bath”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₁- (“to warm”).


abot

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *qábut. Compare Aklanon abot, Bikol Central abot, Casiguran Dumagat Agta abut, Ilocano ma-abut, Mansaka abot, Kapampangan abut, and Tagalog abot.


abot

pagpilo-pilo (multiplication); multiplier: pil-anan

(arithmetic) the product; a quantity obtained by multiplication of two or more numbers

multiplicative operation
multiplicative operation

(mathematics) any operation or a result thereof which generalises multiplication of numbers,

any operation or a result thereof which generalises multiplication of numbers,
 like the multiplicative operation in a ring, product of types or a categorical product


karisma

From English charisma, from Ancient Greek χᾰ́ρῐσμᾰ (khárisma, “grace, favour, gift”), from χᾰρῐ́ζομαι (kharízomai, “I show favor”), from χᾰ́ρῐς (kháris, “grace”), from χαίρω (khaírō, “I am happy”).


salpo

Sipunculus nudus; a species of peanut worm


gunner

→ English: gunner

From shot (“a measure of alcohol”); the doer of a shot is a shooter, a gunner is a shooter.

the person designated to pour drinks in a drinking session


basurero

ceb-noun

basurero (feminine basurera, Badlit spelling ᜊᜐᜓᜇᜒᜇᜓ)

[bɐ.s̪ʊˈɾ̪i.ɾ̪o]


serenata

From English serenata, borrowed from Italian serenata.


lola

an affectionate or honorific term for an elderly woman


karakter

Borrowed from Spanish carácter, from Latin character, from Ancient Greek χαρακτήρ (kharaktḗr, “type, nature, character”), from χαράσσω (kharássō, “I engrave”).

der

character (trait marking a person or group)

(authorship) character (being in a story)


lomo

tenderloin; the tenderest part of a loin of meat


tribo

Borrowed from Spanish tribu, from Latin tribus.

a socially, ethnically, or politically cohesive group of people

(anthropology) a society larger than a band but smaller than a state

(taxonomy) a hierarchal rank between family and genus

a subculture; a portion of a culture distinguished by its customs or other features


prosti

Final clipping of English prostitute, from Latin prōstitutus.


mamaw

Cognate with Tagalog mamaw (“monster; talented; intelligent”) and Hiligaynon mamaw (“Elf, goblin, sprite, fairy, ghost, etc.”).

cog

Ayawg kanáug sa sílung kay náay mámaw.

Don’t go out because there is a bogeyman.


isda

From Proto-Philippine *sədaq. Compare Maranao seda' and Tausug ista'.

Isugba ba kining isda?


papeles

From Spanish papeles plural of papel, from Catalan paper, from Latin papȳrus, from Ancient Greek πάπυρος (pápuros).

birth certificate
birth certificate#English

(uncountable) documents; official documents (identification, visa, birth certificate, passport)


soneto

Borrowed from Spanish soneto, from Italian sonetto


espiritu

the collective souls of man or another entity

a supernatural being, often but not exclusively without physical form; ghost, fairy, angel

a proof; a measure of the alcohol content of liquor


iba

Averrhoa bilimbi
Averrhoa bilimbi#Translingual

the cucumber tree (Averrhoa bilimbi); a fruit-bearing tree of the genus Averrhoa of the family Oxalidaceae


kini

Echeneis naucrates
Echeneis naucrates#Translingual

the live sharksucker (Echeneis naucrates)


dugo

ceb-infl-table

dugo

dugo

dugo

dugo

dugo

mag- (affix)
dugo (root)
actor
ma- -an (affix)
dugo (root)
maka- (affix)
dugo (root)
actor
mo- (affix)
dugo (root)
actor
-on (affix)
dugo (root)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zuʀuq (“juice; sap”). Compare duga (“juice”), dugos (“honey”). As for the derived idiomatic phrases, compare those of buot and Tagalog loob.

inh

Misurok akong dugo.

(euphemistic) Short for dugo sa laki, dugong puti (“semen”).


barang

form of black magic that afflicts a person with bugs inside his/her body

magical practice, similar to voodoo, that uses a poppet to inflict harm


brandi

From English brandy, shortened form of brandywine, from Dutch brandewijn (“burnt wine”).


aleluya

Borrowed from Spanish aleluya, from Latin aleluia, from Hebrew הַלְלוּיָהּ (hal'luyáh).


kudeta

Borrowed from English coup d'état, from French coup d’État (literally “stroke (or blow) of state”).


bayang

From the first word of the Philippine national anthem.


ilong

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ijuŋ, *ujuŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *mujiŋ. First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.


bahay

the brown sailor spider (Neoscona nautica)


kabayo

wooden stool with a toothed blade attached at front for grating coconut meat


toyi

(humorous, euphemistic) coitus; sexual intercourse


biberon

From Spanish biberón, from French biberon.


tosino

From Spanish tocino (“bacon”), from Medieval Latin tuccinum lardum (literally “bacon lard”), from Latin tuccētum (“pork conserved in brine”), from tucca (“liquid lard”), a word said to be of Celtic origin, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂-, related to Latin turgeō. The ending was influenced by the end of cecina.

der

a type of cured meat; usually pork tenderloin in a mixture of annatto, salt, pepper, rhum or pineapple juice, enzyme powder, curing salt and previously saltpeter


itikan

a duck farm; where ducks are kept and fed

a place where ducks are (commonly) found


kutsara

Borrowed from Spanish cuchara (“spoon”).


callboy

Unadapted borrowing from English callboy.

ubor

(humorous) a man who works as a call center agent (see usage notes)


agas

flow; movement of a real or figurative fluid


agas

From Malay agas, from Proto-Malayic *agas.

a sandfly; any of various small flies of the genera Lutzomyia and Phlebotomus whose females suck the blood of vertebrates and thus spread leishmaniasis


leksikon

From English lexicon, from Medieval Latin or New Latin lexicon, from Ancient Greek λεξικόν (lexikón, “a lexicon”), neuter of λεξικός (lexikós, “of words”), from λέξις (léxis, “a saying, speech, word”), from λέγειν (légein, “to speak”).

der

(linguistics) a dictionary that includes or focuses on lexemes


halas

From Proto-Central Philippine *hálas (“snake”), related to ihalas (“wild animal”). Compare Tagalog ahas.

'Tuay halas sa kahoy.

a snake; a legless reptile of the sub-order Serpentes with a long, thin body and a fork-shaped tongue


palta

From Spanish faltar, from falta + -ar, or from Vulgar Latin *fallitāre, formed from a root *fallitus, from Latin fallō.


gunting

[ˈɡun̪.t̪ɪŋ]

Likely from Malay gunting, ultimately likely a loan from some non-Austronesian source, such as Chinese [Term?], according to Blust (2010-2020).

(rock paper scissors) a hand with the index and middle fingers open (a handshape resembling scissors), that beats paper and loses to rock


tirador

[t̪ɪ.ɾ̪ɐˈd̪oɾ̪]

shooter (someone who shoots something, especially with a gun)


white lady

Unadapted borrowing from English white lady.


iban

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ibah (“other”).

(arithmetic) the difference; the quantity obtained after subtracting numbers

a deduction; the amount or quantity taken away


balaye

Standardized spelling of balayi. Itself apparantly originating from bayi (“female”). Compare Tagalog balae and Tausug bāi.

Coordinate term: ugangan

co-parent-in-law; a parent of one's child-in-law


sasing

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *caciŋ (kind of worm). Cognate with Tausug sassing and Malay cacing.

inh+

(zoology) any member of the phylum Sipunculidae, the peanut worms


hangin

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *haŋin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *haŋin.


dekada

Borrowed from Spanish década, from Latin decās, from Ancient Greek δεκάς (dekás).


pait

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqit, from Proto-Austronesian *paqiC.

Barbodes amarus; a cyprinid fish endemic to Lake Lanao in the Philippines


bords

(slang) a term of endearment between men


amapola

Hibiscus mutabilis
Hibiscus mutabilis#Translingual

the Dixie rosemallow (Hibiscus mutabilis)


tulis

Back-formation from tulisan, from Tagalog tulisan.


lupit

the white-patch tuskfish (Choerodon oligacanthus)


sepak takraw

From English sepak takraw, from Malay sepak takraw.


kimpi

the medical condition genu valgum; knock knee


haluan

Channa striata
Channa striata#Translingual


santan

any plant of genus Ixora, sole genus in tribe Ixoreae, family Rubiaceae


tirada

[t̪ɪˈɾ̪a.d̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish tirada. Compare Tagalog tirada.

Unsay tirada nimo


abaka

Cebu hemp (Musa textilis); a species of banana tree native to the Philippines


awto

Final clipping of English automobile, from French automobile, from Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós, “self”) + French mobile (“moving”) (from Latin mobilis (“movable”)).


pangan

the three-spot cardinalfish (Pristicon trimaculatus)


minero

Borrowed from Spanish minero. Analyzed as mina + -ero.


mayana

the ornamental plant coleus (Coleus scutellarioides)


asola

a mosquitofern; any member of the genus Azollal


anga

the blue stream goby (Sicyopterus lagocephalus)


kampus

a campus; the grounds or property of a school, college or university


tanom

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tanəm. Compare Malay tanam and Tagalog tanim.


moralista

From moralist + -a. From English moralist.


asete

From Spanish aceite, from Old Spanish azeyte, from Andalusian Arabic [Term?], from Arabic زَيْت (zayt).


hansa

Ultimately from Sanskrit हंस (haṃsá, “swan, goose”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰansós, genitive of *ǵʰáns (“goose”). Compare gansa.


ekstra

From English extra, from extraordinary, from Latin extrāōrdinārius, from extrā ōrdinem (“outside the order”).


maskara

Borrowed from Spanish máscara, from Italian maschera, possibly ultimately from Arabic مَسْخَرَة (masḵara, “buffoon, fool, pleasantry, anything ridiculous”), from سَخِرَة (saḵira, “to ridicule, to laugh at”).

der

cut of meat and skin from the face of a pig


asul

Borrowed from Spanish azul, from Arabic لَازُوَرْد (lāzuward, “lapis lazuli”), from Persian لاجورد (lâjvard, “lapis lazuli”).


bantog

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *bantug.


sorgum

From English sorghum, from New Latin genus name Sorghum, from Italian sorgo, from Vulgar Latin *syricum (“Syrian”), from Sȳricus.


karo

From Spanish carro (“cart”), from Latin carrus, from Gaulish *karros, from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥s-o-, from *k̑ers- (“to run”). Also short for karosa.

carriage used to carry images of saints during a procession


sardinas

Borrowed from Spanish sardinas, plural form of sardina.


blitskrig

From English blitzkrieg, from German Blitzkrieg.


kakap

(historical) a canoe-shaped boat often used in piracy and raids


karamel

Borrowed from English caramel, borrowed from French caramel, from Spanish caramelo, from Late Latin calamellus, diminutive of calamus (“reed”), or alternatively from Medieval Latin cannamellis, which is either a compound of canna + mellis or possibly a borrowing from Arabic. Doublet of karmelitos.

a smooth, chewy, sticky confection made by heating sugar and other ingredients until the sugars polymerize and become sticky

a (sometimes hardened) piece of this confection

a yellow-brown color, like that of caramel


termos

Borrowed from English thermos, a genericized trademark from the company, Thermos LLC.


intriga

Borrowed from Spanish intriga (“intrigue”), from French intrigue, from Italian intricare, from Latin intrīcō (“I entangle, perplex, embarrass”).


balay

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *balay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balay, from Proto-Austronesian *balay.

balayan

home base in hide-and-seek or baseball; network of bamboo strips for climbing plants

pamalay

housing project; something used only at home; roof frame of a house

tigbalayon

framework of a house; framework of one's thoughts

home base (in sports or children's games)


multo

(rare) a ghost; the disembodied soul; the soul or spirit of a deceased person; a spirit appearing after death; an apparition; a specter


derbi

(rare) a sporting contest open to the general public


regadera

[ɾ̪e.ɡɐˈd̪i.ɾ̪ɐ]


gumamela

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis#Translingual

Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)

any flower or plant belonging to the genus Hibiscus


gaba

(archaic) a concept of a non-human and non-divine, imminent retribution

(by extension) divine retribution; nemesis


agalon

Analyzed as agad + -on, literally “one who is to be awaited, followed”. Related to alagad (“servant”), umagad (“son-in-law”), pangagad.

suffix

(dated) a person who oversees and directs the work of others; a boss; a supervisor; a manager

(dated) a person, firm or other entity which pays for or hires the services of another person; an employer

(dated) a person who owns and rents land such as a house, apartment, or condo; a landlord; a landlady

(dated) a regular customer, as of a certain store or restaurant; a patron


adelpa

Borrowed from Spanish adelfa, from Arabic دِفْلَى (diflā, “oleander”), from Ancient Greek δάφνη (dáphnē, “laurel”).

Nerium oleander
Nerium oleander#Translingual

Nerium oleander; the only species in the genus Nerium; an evergreen shrub or small tree in the dogbane family Apocynaceae


agila

[ˈʔa.ɡɪ.l̪ɐ]


alugbati

the leaves and leaf stalks of this plant used as a vegetable


alimpulos

a whirlwind; a tornado; a dust devil; a waterspout


tundan

Musa acuminata
Musa acuminata#Translingual

a triploid hybrid banana cultivar from the Philippines (Musa acuminata × Musa balbisiana)


alkitran

From Spanish alquitrán, from Andalusian Arabic اَلْقَطْرَان, from Arabic اَلْقِطْرَان (al-qiṭrān, “tar”).

der

اَلْقَطْرَان

اَلْقِطْرَان


amog

From Malay اموق (amuk). Displaced by amok.


anyil

Borrowed from Spanish añil (“indigo”), from Andalusian Arabic النيل (an-nīl), from Arabic نِيل (nīl), from Persian نیل (nil, “indigo”), from Middle Persian, ultimately from Sanskrit नीला (nīlā, “dark blue”).


alibangbang

[ʔɐ.l̪ɪ.bɐŋˈbaŋ]

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baŋbaŋ (compare with Ilocano kulibangbang, Coastal Kadazan kohibambang plus Brunei Malay kulimambang and kalimambang) from Proto-Austronesian *baŋbaŋ (compare with Amis adipangpang).

inh+

orchid tree, and their leaves whose sap is used as a souring agent

orchid tree (Bauhinia purpurea, syn. Phanera purpurea)

yellow bell orchid tree (Bauhinia tomentosa); Saint Thomas tree

Malabar orchid tree (Piliostigma malabaricum); Malabar bauhinia

the pennant coralfish (Heniochus acuminatus)