kana

Initial "ka-" is shared with other demonstratives kari (“this”), kani (“this”) and kadto (“that”). Related to dinha (“there”), nganha (“hither”), anaa (“there be”), and anha (“to go”), in a similar pattern with other Cebuano demonstrative pronouns. Compare Hiligaynon ina, Tagalog iyan.


ra

Originally an allophone of obsolete da (“idem”). Compare Tausug da (“only; just”) and the daw~raw distinction in Tagalog.

Kani ra ang puti

(after the first word of a sentence) only, just, nothing else

Dako ra ang sapatos para nako.

(after an adjective indicating a greater nature) too, so, but not too much

Siya ray naglaba sa tanang labhonon.

(with a verb, after a pronoun) expresses an action done by someone alone; to do by oneself

Moanhi ra 'na.

(after a verb in the prospective aspect) indicates that the action is certain to happen

Ambi ra gud ang remote.

(after an imperative verb) used to soften a command


pa

katong puti pa ang balay

bag-o pa ni nga teknolohiya

(after an adjective) marks that something is/was still the case when eventually it wouldn't be so; is still

niadto pa siya

(after verb in the inchoative aspect) indicates that the action is still ongoing; still (imperfect aspect)

wala pa siya nikaon

(+ negator "wala") indicates that an action has not yet happened; yet

moadto pa siya

(after verb in the prospective aspect) indicates obligation or requirement to do the action; still have to

dili pa siya moinom

(+ negator "dili") indicates that an an action will not be performed soon, but much later; will not ... for now

Murag (mas) taas pa ang punuan sa balay.

Mas gikapoy pa ka nako.

(after an adjective, usually with mas) used in expressing the comparative degree of adjectives; more, -er


puti na ang balay

lahi na ang panahon karon

(after an adjective) marks that something is already the case when it wasn't so before; is now

niadto na siya

(after verb in the inchoative aspect) marks verb as completed; have, already (perfect aspect)

wala na siya nikaon

(+ negator "wala") indicates that an ongoing action has stopped or no longer happening; not anymore

moadto na siya

(after verb in the prospective aspect) marks something that will happen very soon; about to

dili na siya moinom

(+ negator "dili") indicates that an anticipated or habitual action is discontinued; will not ... anymore


kani

Alternative form of kini (“this near us/me”)


ani

Short for ing-ani, ingon ani (“like this”).


una

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *unah, from Proto-Austronesian *(q)uNah.

Dugay na mi naka-uli kay, una, late na man kaayo naabot ang amoang drayber, ikaduha,...

We didn't arrive home early because, first, our driver arrived very late to take us home, second,...

Mao ni ang pinakauna nakong sakay sa eroplano.


basta

Borrowed from Spanish basta, from Vulgar Latin *bastāre, from Ancient Greek βαστάζω (bastázō).


usa

momentarily; for now, for the time being


kalima

From ka- (“short for maka-”) + lima (“five”).

Kalima na siya naligo didto.

shortened form of makalima:
(cardinal adverbial) five times


kato

Alternative form of kadto (“that away from us”)


kaayo

nindot kaayo

babaye kaayo

very; to a great extent or degree; extremely; exceedingly


maayo

Gilimpiyohan og maayo.

(+ og) done well; to a great or intense degree


tuod

Used to attempt to introduce a serious point in a less serious conversation

Used to call back to a previous point, either in disbelief or emphasis


otro

From Spanish otro, otra vez, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élteros.


busa

consequently; hence; as a result; therefore, for this reason; ergo


taga

(preceding a place) from or denoting residency in or around a place, district, area, or region

(preceding a proper noun) denoting a resident or inhabitant of (the place denoted by the proper noun)


kari

Alternative form of kiri (“this near me/us”)


kiri

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-di. The initial "k(a/i)-" is a common feature among demonstratives: kini (“this”), kana (“that”), and kadto (“that”). Related to diri (“here”), adia (“here be”), ngari (“hither”), and ari (“to come”), in a similar pattern with other Cebuano demonstrative pronouns. Compare Tagalog iri.

this (closer to the speaker than the listener)


sige

Borrowed from Spanish sigue, from seguir.


seguro

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish seguro (“probably; maybe”), originally shifted from Spanish seguro (“surely; certainly”), where Philippine Spanish instead uses segurado (“sure”, literally “assured”) for the same sense.


hebi

From English heavy, from Middle English hevy, heviȝ, from Old English hefiġ, hefeġ, hæfiġ (“heavy; important, grave, severe, serious; oppressive, grievous; slow, dull”), from Proto-West Germanic *habīg (“heavy, hefty, weighty”), from Proto-Germanic *habīgaz (“heavy, hefty, weighty”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to take, grasp, hold”).


kaupat

From ka- (“short for maka-”) + upat (“four”).

Kaupat na nabuntis ang among iring.

Our cat was already four times pregnant.

shortened form of makaupat:
(cardinal adverbial) four times


komo

Borrowed from Spanish como, from Old Spanish commo, from Vulgar Latin *quomo, from Classical Latin quōmodo (“how”).


kini

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ni. The initial "k(a/i)-" is a common feature among demonstratives: kiri (“this”), kana (“that”), and kadto (“that”). Related to dinhi (“here”), kanhi (“in former times”), nganhi (“hither”), and anhi (“to come”), in a similar pattern with other Cebuano demonstrative pronouns. Compare Hiligaynon ini, Malay ini.

this (near where the speaker and the listener are)


dyon

(text messaging) Alternative spelling of dayon: then, immediately


puwede

Borrowed from Spanish puede, from poder, from Vulgar Latin potēre, formed analogically from potens, present participle of Latin possum, posse.


dili

From an extended, reduplicated form of Proto-Philippine *di. Cognate with Tagalog hindi.

Coordinate term: mao

dili pula

dili ako, ikaw

Coordinate term: wala

dili siya moadto

dili ka manghilabot

(+ 2nd person pronoun, + verb) don't ever

+ 2nd person pronoun; + verb; + 2nd person pronoun; + verb

dili ko ana


kanapo

Short for "kanapulo" and "makanapo"; which, in turn, are short forms of "makanapulo"


ngari

to this place, to here; hither; over here


didto

yonder; in a distant, indicated place; over there


syur

From English sure, from Middle English sure, sur, from Middle French sur, from Old French seür, from Latin sēcūrus (“secure”, literally “carefree”), from sē- (“apart”) + cūra (“care”).


ngano

Ngano diay na siya?


tingali

[t̪ɪˈŋa.l̪ɪ]


lahos

From Spanish lejos (“far away”), from Old Spanish lexos, from Latin laxius (“wider”), comparative of laxus (“wide”).

(distance, time) from one point to the other


adlaw-adlaw

[ˌʔad̪.l̪ɐʊ̯ ˈʔad̪.l̪ɐʊ̯]


pwerte

From Spanish fuerte (“strong”), from Latin fortis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fort”).


ikog-ikog

in a shy or uncomfortable manner (when asking a favor)


mintras tanto

From mentras + tanto, from Spanish mientras tanto.


mintras

From Spanish mientras, from obsolete demientra, from Latin dum + interim.


taudtaod

[t̪ɐˌʔud̪.t̪ɐˈʔod̪]


sulod

From Proto-Bisayan *sələd (cf. Hiligaynon sulud), from Proto-Central-Philippine *sələd (cf. Tagalog silid).


yano

From Spanish llano, from Latin plānus, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂-.


ikaduha

Sa ikaduhang pagbagting.


ikalima

Sa ikalima niyang tawag.


imbes

From Spanish en vez de (“instead of, in place of, rather than”).


eksakto

Borrowed from Spanish exacto, from Latin exactus, passive perfect participle of exigō (“drive out”).


gwapoha

in a beautiful or handsome manner; beautifully or handsomely

(sarcastic) in a stupid manner; stupidly


inamang

in a mute manner; without the aid of speech; mutely


hinugawan

in an untidy manner; untidily; sloppily; shoddily


makalima

Makalima na siya naligo didto.


unya

Unya iya ning buhaton .


dinhi

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *di-ni, from *di + *-ni, from Proto-Austronesian *ni. Related to kani (“this”), kanhi (“in former times”), nganhi (“hither”), and anhi (“to come”), in a similar pattern with other Cebuano demonstrative pronouns. Compare dialectal Tagalog dini.

here (place near both the speaker and the listener)

(colloquial) here (place closer to speaker than listener)


ngadto

towards the front or from the front; forward


isip

From Proto-Philippine *ísip (“thinking; thoughts; opinion”). Compare Aklanon isip, Bikol Central isip, Tagalog isip, and Western Bukidnon Manobo isip.


igputi sa uwak

never; not in this lifetime or a time in the unforeseeably distant future; not a chance


kagabii

From ka- + gabii. Compare Uneapa garavi.


sinalbahis

in a ruthless manner; with cruelty; without pity or compassion; ruthlessly; pitilessly; cruelly

in a wild, uncontrolled, or savage manner; savagely; brutally; ferociously


siaw

Compare Hokkien 痟 (siáu, “crazy”), 孽潲 (gia̍t-siâu, “naughty; mischievous”).

cheekily; in a cheeky or impudent manner; mischievously


impyerno

The supposed similarities in sound of impyerno and in fairness.


puydi

From Spanish puede, form of poder (“to be able”).


tingob

all together; all at the same time; all at once


tupad

alongside; along the side; by the side; side by side with


samtang

Cognate with Tagalog samantala, Indonesian sementara


ibabaw

[ʔɪˈba.bɐʊ̯]


makapito

Makapito siya nag-ilis karong adlawa.

He/She changed clothes seven times this day.


diri

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *di-di, from *di + *-di, from Proto-Austronesian *di. Related to kari (“this”), ngari (“hither”), and ari (“to come”), in a similar pattern with other Cebuano demonstrative pronouns.

(colloquial) here (place near both the speaker and the listener)


kaduha

From ka- (“short for maka-”) + duha (“two”).

Kaduha ko nakatulog sa ilahang balay.

shortened form of makaduha:
(cardinal adverbial) twice: two times

shortened form of makaduha:
twice: two times


makaduha

/mɐˌkɐdʊˈhɐ/

Makaduha na ko ug ingon nimo nga ayaw pagduroga.

I already told you twice not to use drugs.


una sa tanan

Combination of una (“first”) + sa (“of”) + tanan (“all”).


katulo

From ka- (“short for maka-”) + tulo (“three”).

prefix

Katulo na sila nanglaag sa gawas.

They already went outside the country thrice.

(cardinal adverbial) thrice: three times

shortened form of makatulo:
thrice: three times


makatulo

/mɐˌkɐtʊˈlʊ/

Makatulo na sila nanglaag sa gawas.


ikatulo

Ikatulo na ni.


makaupat

/mɐˌkɐʔʊˈpɐt/

Makaupat na nabuntis ang among iring.

Our cat was pregnant for four times already.


ikaupat

Ikaupat na niyang buntis.


usa-usa

(referring to a person) individually; one by one


kausa

From ka- (“short for maka-”) + usa (“one”).

Kausa ra siya nikaun karung adlawa.

shortened form of makausa:
(cardinal adverbial) once: one time

shortened form of makausa:
once: one time


makausa

Makausa ra siya nikaon karong adlawa.


kaunom

From ka- (“short for maka-”) + unom (“six”).

Kaunom kana siya gi-ospital.

shortened form of makaunom:
(cardinal adverbial) six times


makaunom

Makaunom na kana siya gi-ospital.

He/She was hospitalized for six times already.

Makaunom ra sila makipagkita sa usa ka tuig.


kapito

From ka- (“short for maka-”) + pito (“seven”).

Makapito kana siya na daog sa mga singing contest

He/She won seven times in singing contests.

short form of makapito:
(cardinal adverbial) seven times


kasiyam

From ka- (“short for maka-”) + siyam (“nine”).

Kasiyam na ni niya gibuhat.

short form of makasiyam:
(cardinal adverbial) nine times


makasiyam

Makasiyam na ni niya gibuhat.


kanapulog siyam

From ka- (“short for maka-”) + napulog siyam (“nineteen”).

makanapulog siyam
makanapulog siyam#Cebuano

Short for makanapulog siyam (“nineteen times”).


kanapog siyam

Short for "kanapulog siyam" and "makanapog siyam"; which, in turn, are short forms of "makanapulog siyam"


makanapog siyam

From maka- + napog siyam (“short for napulog siyam (nineteen)”).


makanapulog siyam

From maka- + napulog siyam (“nineteen”).


kanapulog walo

From ka- (“short for maka-”) + napulog walo (“eighteen”).

makanapulog walo
makanapulog walo#Cebuano

Short for makanapulog walo (“eighteen times”).


kanapog walo

Short for "kanapulog walo" and "makanapog walo"; which, in turn, are short forms of "makanapulog walo"


kanapog pito

Short for "kanapulog pito" and "makanapog pito"; which, in turn, are short forms of "makanapulog pito"

makanapulog pito
makanapulog pito#Cebuano

Short for makanapulog pito (“seventeen times”).


makanapulog pito

From maka- + napulog pito (“seventeen”).


makanapog walo

From maka- + napog walo (“short for napulog walo (eighteen)”).


makanapog pito

From maka- + napog pito (“short for napulog pito (seventeen)”).


kanapulog pito

From ka- (“short for maka-”) + napulog pito (“seventeen”).


makanapog unom

From maka- + napog unom (“short for napulog unom (sixteen)”).

makanapulog unom
makanapulog unom#Cebuano

Short for makanapulog unom (“sixteen times”).


kanapog unom

Short for "kanapulog unom" and "makanapog unom"; which, in turn, are short forms of "makanapulog unom"


kanapulog unom

From ka- (“short for maka-”) + napulog unom (“sixteen”).


kanapulog upat

From ka- (“short for maka-”) + napulog upat (“fourteen”).

makanapulog upat
makanapulog upat#Cebuano

Short for makanapulog upat (“fourteen times”).


makanapog upat

From maka- + napog upat (“short for napulog upat (fourteen)”).


makanapog lima

From maka- + napog lima (“short for napulog lima (fifteen)”).

makanapulog lima
makanapulog lima#Cebuano

Short for makanapulog lima (“fifteen times”).


kanapulog lima

From ka- (“short for maka-”) + napulog lima (“fifteen”).


kanapog lima

Short for "kanapulog lima" and "makanapog lima"; which, in turn, are short forms of "makanapulog lima"


makanapog tulo

From maka- + napog tulo (“short for napulog tulo (thirteen)”).

makanapulog tulo
makanapulog tulo#Cebuano

Short for makanapulog tulo (“thirteen times”).


kanapog upat

Short for "kanapulog upat" and "makanapog upat"; which, in turn, are short forms of "makanapulog upat"


kanapulog tulo

From ka- (“short for maka-”) + napulog tulo (“thirteen”).


kanapog tulo

Short for "kanapulog tulo" and "makanapog tulo"; which, in turn, are short forms of "makanapulog tulo"


makanapo

From maka- + napo (“short for napulo (ten)”).


makanapog duha

From maka- + napog duha (“short for napulog duha (twelve)”).

makanapulog duha
makanapulog duha#Cebuano

Short for makanapulog duha (“twelve times”).


kanapulo

From ka- (“short for maka-”) + napulo (“ten”).


kanapulog duha

From ka- (“short for maka-”) + napulog duha (“twelve”).


kanapog usa

Short for "kanapulog usa" and "makanapog usa"; which, in turn, are short forms of "makanapulog usa"

Short for makanapulog usa (“eleven times”).


kanapulog usa

From ka- (“short for maka-”) + napulog usa (“eleven”).


kanapog duha

Short for "kanapulog duha" and "makanapog duha"; which, in turn, are short forms of "makanapulog duha"


makanapog usa

From maka- + napog usa (“short for napulog usa (eleven)”).


sinardinas

(of sleeping position) side by side, like sardines in a can


hinudas

From hudas + -in- (“in the way/manner of”)


kaajo

(Bohol, Southern Leyte) Eye dialect spelling of kaayo.


gajod

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

(Bohol) Pronunciation spelling of gayod.


diriyot

[d̪ɪ.ɾ̪ɪˈjot̪]


kanunay

[kɐˈn̪u.n̪ɐɪ̯]


gyud

Syncopic form of gayod, with change from /o/ to /u/.


palihog

Palihog ikuha akog tubig


bsin

(text messaging) Alternative spelling of basin: maybe


(text messaging) Alternative spelling of didto: there


kaau

(text messaging) Alternative spelling of kaayo: very


ugma damlag

ceb-adv

ugmâ damlág (Badlit spelling ᜂᜄ᜔ᜋ ᜇᜋ᜔ᜎᜄ᜔)

[ʔʊɡˌmaʔ d̪ɐmˈl̪aɡ]


padung

dialectal form of padulong (“on the way; towards”)


padulong

padulóng or padulong (Badlit spelling ᜉᜇᜓᜎᜓᜅ᜔)

padulóng (canonical)
padulong (canonical)

From pa- + dulong, literally “towards the front end of a vehicle, ahead”

prefix

padulong na mi sa Sugbo

padulong na ang ambulansiya

to be going to a place; be on the way to a place

padulong mi mosimba

(colloquial) going to do something; about to start doing, or achieve something


puhon

Related to or perhaps from Malay pohon (“to ask, request”). Compare Tagalog puhon (“apology”).

Ugma puhon mogikan ko.

Puhon, og puyde pa, moadto ko.