kinutil

a type of eggnog that uses bahal, milk, tabliya and sugar


bahal

tuba that has been fermented and aged up to six months


ginamos

a preparation of fermented fish, often using small fishes like anchovies


santilmo

From Spanish fuego de Santelmo or fuego de san Telmo.

(folklore) santilmo; floating flame or fire ball, similar to a will o' the wisp, that stalk or chase people at night, believed to be the ignited blood of a person who met a tragic death

game where children melt candle or wax on a metal plate, let the melted wax catch fire, and each child take turns making the flame explode by splashing water on it


agik-ik

a chortle; a joyful, somewhat muffled laugh, rather like a snorting chuckle


agta

(folklore) a gigantic demonlike creature, with hirsute and very dark skin, that resides on top of trees; it is usually pictured naked and smoking a rolled cigar


trapik

Borrowed from English traffic, from Middle French trafique (“traffic”), from Italian traffico (“traffic”) from trafficare (“to carry on trade”). Doublet of trapiko.


baklad

to peep; to look, especially while trying not to be seen or noticed


baklad

Borrowed from Tagalog baklad, from Proto-Philippine *bakəlad, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bakəlad.


trapiko

Borrowed from Spanish tráfico, from Italian traffico.

traffic (pedestrians or vehicles on roads)


kagar

Borrowed from Spanish cagar, from Latin cacāre, present active infinitive of cacō, ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European root *kakka-.


ligid-ligid

to roll around or lie around in a bed or mat


pamayotay

(derogatory) someone, especially a straight man or boy, who prostitutes oneself to a homosexual man

(derogatory) someone, especially a straight man or boy, who cruises for homosexual sex


aktibidad

Borrowed from Spanish actividad, from Latin activitas, activitatis.

an activity; something done as an action or a movement


angkas

(horse, cattle, motorcycling, bicycle, moped) to ride pillion

horse; cattle; bicycle; moped; horse; cattle; bicycle; moped


kalisod

hardship; difficulty or trouble; hard times


lukat

to book; to reserve (something) for future use


suyop

to sniff or snort drugs and or inhalants


ligid

circular device capable of rotating on its axis, facilitating movement or transportation; a wheel, a tire


pintal

From Spanish pintar, from Vulgar Latin *pinctāre < *pictāre, frequentative of
Latin pingō, or from pictus. The n may have come as a result of influence from the original verb.


pintal

(figurative) to paint; to depict or portray


higot

to tie; to attach or fasten with a string or the like


sibot

to catch (something) using a hand net or butterfly net


tiraha

imperative of tira (“to fuck; to inhale or inject drugs”)


tirahi

imperative of tira (“to shoot, fire a weapon, shoot a goal”)


limpyado

Borrowed from Spanish limpiado, past participle of limpiar (“to clean”).


kayata

Kayata oy! Nawala akong pitaka!

(vulgar) an expression of anger, surprise, excitement, etc.; holy shit; what the fuck


ingkre

From English incredible, from The Incredible Hulk.

to rage; to act or speak in heightened anger


sugba

Isugba kanang isda.


linuto

of food, that has been prepared by cooking; cooked


sinugba

cooked by exposure to direct, intense radiant heat; broiled


sinugba

food that is cooked by grilling, barbecuing or broiling


lung-ag

to cook (especially by boiling or steaming)


silong

the space under the floor of stilt houses


silong

to take cover, to hunker down, to shelter


bugha

(vulgar, colloquial) to split a woman apart with one's penis


linung-ag

[l̪ɪˈn̪uŋ.ʔɐɡ]

of food, that has been prepared by cooking


linung-ag

[l̪ɪˈn̪uŋ.ʔɐɡ]


himakak

to deny; to assert that something is not true

to impugn; to verbally assault, especially to argue against an opinion, motive, or action; to question the truth or validity of


halwan

Channa striata
Channa striata#Translingual


hinigugma

[hɪ.n̪ɪ.ɡʊɡˈmaʔ]

a beloved, a sweetheart; a boyfriend or girlfriend


hawanan

a courtyard; an area, open to the sky, partially or wholly surrounded by walls or buildings

a clearing; an area of land within a wood or forest devoid of trees


hawanan

to clear away of something; to dispose of; to remove


gahig ulo

Contraction of gahi og ulo, literally "hardheaded."

(idiomatic) headstrong; hardheaded; stubborn


puwag lubot

Contraction of puwa + og, from puwa og lubot (“red-butted”).

(idiomatic) a person who cannot stay put or sit still

a student who constantly transfer seats or move around in class

someone who easily switch sides; a defector


hiyos

(informal, humorous, of a fat person) to lose weight


hilabot

to touch or move something one doesn't own

to kibitz; to give unsolicited or unwanted advice or make unhelpful or idle comments


lutaw

From Proto-Bisayan *lətaw, from Proto-Central Philippine *lətaw, from Proto-Philippine *lətaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lətaw.

to float, to cause something to be suspended in a liquid of greater density

to move in a particular direction with the liquid in which one is floating


bakwit

Borrowed from English evacuate, from Latin ēvacuāre.


bakwit

→ English: bakwit


Zambales

Borrowed from Spanish Zambales, from the plural of zambal + -es, referring to the Sambal people, from Sambali Sambal.

Zambales (a province of Central Luzon, Luzon, Philippines)


lupad

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *ləpad. Compare Bikol Central lupad, Tagalog lipad.


kandiis

a dimple; a small natural depression on the skin, especially on the face near the corners of the mouth


silhig lanot

a soft broom; a broom with Corypha palm fiber bristles


tinughong

a rice gruel, made with leftover rice, boiled and cooked again in water, and sweetened with sugar


silhig tukog

a hard broom; a broom that uses sticks or midribs (petioles of the leaflets of a palm frond) bound together with or without a handle


pukot

From Proto-Bisayan *pukət, from Proto-Central Philippine *pukət, from Proto-Philippine *pukət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pukət.


kahimtang

a predicament; an unfortunate or trying position or condition; a tight spot


kasado

Borrowed from Spanish casado (“a married man”).


minyoonon

affianced, betrothed; engaged to be married


himutang

at ease; free of anxiety; not stressed or tense


himutang

to arrange, to put in order, to organize


kaslonon

in the context of one's wedding, one who is going to marry


tabang

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tabaŋ.


anunugba

a moth; a usually nocturnal insect of the order Lepidoptera, distinguished from butterflies by feather-like antennae


lig-on

stable; relatively unchanging, permanent; firmly fixed or established; consistent; not easily moved, altered, or destroyed; stabilized


platito

From Spanish. By surface analysis, plato + -ito.

a saucer; a small shallow dish to hold a cup and catch drips


kalibotan

(historical) of a datu, having royal lineage through all four grandparents


kalibotan

(historical) a datu whose four grandparents are of royal lineage


dugosdugos

a woolly aphid; any member of the subfamily Eriosomatinae


dulon

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *dudun (cf. Bikol Central duron, Ilocano dudon).

a locust; any of the grasshoppers, usually swarming, in the family Acrididae


bulod

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulud. Compare Bikol Central bulod and Tausug bud.


lukonlukon

the popliteal fossa or knee pit; the shallow depression located at the back of the knee joint


dapidapi

the sacral region: the area wherein the back adjoins the upperpart of the buttocks


suwat

Borrowed from Malay surat. Compare Tagalog sulat, Malagasy soratra (“to write”), Tetum surat.

a letter, a correspondence; a written message


tikod

Antonio Pigafetta
Magellan's circumnavigation

First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.

Pigafetta

the heel; the rear part of the foot, where it joins the leg

the part of a shoe's sole which supports the foot's heel


kainom

a person whom one is having a drink with


sumiter

From Spanish someter, from Latin submittere, summittere, present active infinitive of summittō.


lugos

to rape; to force sexual intercourse or other sexual activity upon (someone) without their consent


destabilisasyon

Pseudo-Hispanism, from English destabilization, and influenced by Spanish -ción.

the act or process of destabilizing; destabilization, destabilisation


depinisyon

Borrowed from Spanish definición, from Latin dēfīnītiō, from dēfīniō.


paraiso

Borrowed from Spanish paraíso, from Latin paradīsus, from Ancient Greek παράδεισος (parádeisos).


hawak

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hawak, from Proto-Austronesian *Sawak (“waist”).


pinasugbo

a snack made with fried unripe saba bananas slices dipped in caramel, rolled in paper cones, and sprinkled with sesame seeds


galyeta

Borrowed from Spanish galleta, from French galette, feminine equivalent of galet, from Old French gal (“rock”).


bukarilyo

dry brightly-colored candied coconut meat


puto balanghoy

a steamed cassava cake made with grated cassava root, grated coconut meat and sugar


taklobo

Tridacna gigas
Tridacna gigas#Translingual

a taclobo or giant clam (Tridacna gigas)


kulikot

Capsicum frutescens
Capsicum frutescens#Translingual

a wild cultivar of the Capsicum frutescens commonly found in the Philippines


biskotso

Borrowed from Spanish bizcocho, from Medieval Latin, based on Latin bis (“twice”) + coctus (“cooked”), referring originally to a type of bread baked twice so it would keep. Doublet of biskuwít.


paliya

Momordica charantia
Momordica charantia#Translingual

Momordica charantia, a vine in the family Cucurbitaceae

the fruit of this plant used as a vegetable; bitter melon


atsal

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

Capsicum annuum; a species within the family Solanaceae

the fruit of this plant; a bell pepper, a capsicum


sili espada

a long, thin, bright green chili closely resembling the cayenne and Basque Fryer peppers


polboron

Borrowed from Spanish polvorón (“A type of shortbread made of flour, sugar, milk, and nuts”), from pólvora, from Latin pulvis, pulveris.

bor

a cake, usually round or oval in shape, made by compacting a mixture of toasted flour, skimmed milk, margarine and sugar; it is usually wrapped in colored cellophane or washi paper

a round biscuit or bread similar to its Spanish predecessor


bantiyong

Lagenaria siceraria
Lagenaria siceraria#Translingual

Lagenaria siceraria; a vine grown for its fruit

the young fruit of this plant used as a vegetable; the bottle gourd; the elongated variety of calabash


puto maya

puto maya (a rice cake made by boiling glutinous rice in coconut milk with ginger and sugar, usually served folded in banana leaves)


mustasa

Borrowed from Spanish mostaza, from Latin mustāceus, from mustum "must", because the condiment was originally prepared with must.

the mustard plant; any of several plant species in the genera Brassica and Sinapis


labanos

Borrowed from Spanish rábanos, plural of rábano (“radish”).


luy-a

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laqia.
First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.

inh+

Zingiber officinale
Zingiber officinale#Translingual


dabong

the edible bamboo shoot of several bamboo species used in cooking


ampaw

Uncertain. Possibly either:
* From Chinese, possibly Hokkien. Compare Spanish hampáo, English ampao, Tagalog ampaw, Ilocano ampaw, Bikol Central ampaw, Aklanon ampaw, Maranao ampaw.
* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampaw (“empty husk (of rice, etc.)”).

inh

snack made of sweetened or syruped puffed rice, or peanut, or popcorn shaped into a brick, ball or disc


adlay

Coix lacryma-jobi
Coix lacryma-jobi#Translingual


unkog

Cucumis sativus
Cucumis sativus#Translingual

a vine in the gourd family, Cucumis sativus

the edible fruit of this plant, having a green rind and crisp white flesh; cucumber


ungkog

the brown land crab (Cardisoma carnifex)


sanahorya

Borrowed from Spanish zanahoria, from Andalusian Arabic سَفُنَّارِيَة (safunnárya), from Arabic إِسْفَنَارِيَّة (ʔisfanāriyya) (compare Libyan Arabic: سفنّاريّة (sfənnāriyya)), from Ancient Greek σταφυλίνη (staphulínē) ἀγρία (agría).

der

سَفُنَّارِيَة

إِسْفَنَارِيَّة

(dated) a carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus)


uhong

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uhuŋ. Cognate to Hiligaynon ohong and Ilocano uong.


tanglad

[t̪ɐŋˈl̪ad̪]

Cymbopogon citratus
Cymbopogon citratus#Translingual

lemongrass; one of various species of grass of the genus Cymbopogon, especially Cymbopogon citratus, which have a lemon-like taste and aroma, and are used in cooking, for tea, and for fragrance


kabog

Corchorus olitorius
Corchorus olitorius#Translingual

jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius), a shrub in the family Malvaceae

young fruit and leaves of this plant used as a vegetable


malisa

From Sanskrit मरिच (marica, “black pepper”).

black pepper; the dried, unripe berries (peppercorns) of the Piper nigrum plant which are commonly used as a spice and seasoning; either used whole, or in a ground or crushed form


hambubukad

a lizard in the genus Draco; a flying dragon; a flying gecko; a gliding lizard


subangan

the part of the horizon where heavenly bodies rise; the east


tutok

to focus on or upon; to concentrate one's attention


upo

From Hokkien 烏匏／乌匏 (o͘-pû, “dark gourd”).


singkamas

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish jícamas, plural of jícama (“jicama”), from Classical Nahuatl xīcama, apocopic form of xīcamatl.

bor+

Pachyrhizus erosus, a vine cultivated for its edible tuberous root

the root of this plant used as a vegetable; jícama


ubos

under; being lower; being beneath something


tungod

Tungod sa Ama, sa Anak ug sa Espiritu Santo.

In the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit


katarman

an isthmus; a narrow strip of land, bordered on both sides by water, and connecting two larger landmasses


siriguylas

From Spanish ciruela, from Latin cereŏla, an abbreviation of cereola pruna (“wax”) (“wax-coloured plums”).

jocote (Spondias purpurea); a tree in the cashew family Anacardiaceae


kapupud-an

From pulo + ka- -an, with partial reduplication and elision. Doublet of kapuloan.


lawis

(geography) a piece or point of land, extending beyond the adjacent coast into a sea or lake; a cape; a promontory; a headland


sityo

Borrowed from Spanish sitio (“place”), from Latin situs.

a small village or a group of houses under a barangay; a hamlet


balangay

a type of wooden watercraft used by a group of Austronesian people when they migrated to the Philippines


balangay

(obsolete) a barangay; the smallest administrative district in the Philippines, headed by a barangay captain


baryo

barangay; barrio (Philippine unit of administration)


gatosan

a century; a period of 100 consecutive years

several hundred things or people; hundreds


takna

an hour; a time period of sixty minutes; one twenty-fourth of a day


adlawan

daytime; the time of daylight; the time between sunrise and sunset

a date; a specific day in time at which a transaction or event takes place, or is appointed to take place; a given point of time


tabian

a chatterbox; one who chats or talks to excess


alahero

From Spanish alhajero (“jewelry box”), with shift in meaning due to -ero reinterpreted as doer suffix; analyzed alahas + -ero.


sumbongero

a tattler; a tattletale; one who tattles (reports others' wrongdoings), often by a child seeking attention


hambogero

vainglorious; with excessive vanity or unwarranted pride


sabongero

a cockfighter; one who engages in a cockfight


gwapo

visually attractive; handsome; good-looking (of a person)

very good quality; excellent (of a merchandise)


kwentador

a person who recount deeds or charity done for a person in order to guilt them into returning the favor

a person who constantly counts and compares the work he has accomplished to a collaborator or coworker in a shared project or task


alpiril

Metathetic. From Spanish alfiler, from the older alfilel, from Andalusian Arabic اَلْخِلَال (al-ḵilāl), from Classical Arabic خِلَال (ḵilāl, “pin, peg”).


agukoy

a fiddler crab; any of approximately 100 species of semi-terrestrial marine crabs which make up the genus Uca


reklamador

one who whines or complains, or makes frequent complaints or whining; a complainer; a whiner


kasilyas

Borrowed from Spanish casillas, plural of casilla (“booth”).


kutsarita

Borrowed from Spanish cucharita, from cuchara + -ita, diminutive of cuchara.


dagom

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *daʀum, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaʀum, from Proto-Austronesian *zaʀum.


kalibangan

a place where people defecate; a bathroom, an outhouse, or a field, a bush or body of water used in open defecation


pansayan

From pansay + -an (“locative suffix”), where the root, pansay, is from Hokkien 放屎 (pàng-sái, “to defecate”).


atribido

Borrowed from Spanish atrevido (“daring; bold”), from atrever, from Latin tribuĕre, from tribuō (“I grant, bestow”).


beterano

Borrowed from Spanish veterano, from Latin veterānus.


atribida

From Spanish atrevida, feminine form of atrevido.


bilyako

From Spanish bellaco (“rascal, scoundrel”).


pagarpar

(derogatory) one who talks too much or too loudly, especially in a boastful or self-important manner; a loudmouth

(by extension) an attention seeker; a show off

empty boasting, promises or claims; idle talk


pagarpar

to draw or garner attention in an excessive and inappropriate manner; to show off

to boast; to make empty promises or claims


senyorito

From Spanish señorito, diminutive of señor, from Old Spanish sennor, from Latin senior, seniōrem (“elder”), comparative form of senex (“old”).

(archaic) the son of the master or mistress of a household

(derogatory) a young man or boy who doesn't do or doesn't know how to do household chores


senyorita

From Spanish señorita, diminutive of señora.

(archaic) the daughter of the master or mistress of a household

(derogatory) a young girl or lady who doesn't do or doesn't know how to do household chores


nars

From English nurse, variant form of the archaic nourice, from Old French norrice, from Latin nūtrīcius (“that nourishes”), from nūtrīx (“wet nurse”), from nūtrio (“to suckle”).


hiposa

hipos (to clean up, to collect, to gather) + -a


kawot

to dig; to move hard-packed earth out of the way, especially downward to make a hole with a shovel; to drill, or the like, through rocks, roads, or the like; more generally, to make any similar hole by moving material out of the way

to scratch; to rub a surface with a sharp object, especially by a living creature to remove itching with nails, claws, etc.


gunit

to hold on; to keep; to store something for someone


hinatod

(of a person) accompanied to; driven to, walked to


sinugdanan

[s̪ɪ.n̪ʊɡˈd̪a.n̪ɐn̪]


painit

a light meal; especially a snack where hot beverage is served

the first meal of the day, usually eaten in the morning

an item of food served or eaten during breakfast


painit

to eat a light meal; to eat between meals


gwapoha

in a beautiful or handsome manner; beautifully or handsomely

(sarcastic) in a stupid manner; stupidly


gwapoha

Gwapoha nimo!

(sarcastic) lacking in intelligence or exhibiting the quality of having been done by someone lacking in intelligence; stupid


sugod

to begin, to commence, to initiate, to start


buyo

Areca catechu
Areca catechu#Translingual

the areca palm (Areca catechu); a species of palm which grows in much of the tropical Pacific, Asia, and parts of east Africa


guwapa

ceb-adj

guwapa (masculine guwapo, Badlit spelling ᜄᜓᜏᜉ)


hatod

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hatəD, from Proto-Austronesian *SatəD.

inh+

to deliver; to bring or transport something to its destination

to take for a walk or accompany on a walk


ngipon

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nipən, from Proto-Austronesian *nipən.


dapna

small planktonic crustaceans of the genus Daphnia


estupido

Borrowed from Spanish estúpido, from Latin stupĭdus.


amaw

a fool; a feeble-minded person with poor judgment or little intelligence

a contemptible person; a prick; a bastard


mestiso

Borrowed from Spanish mestizo, from Late Latin mixticius, from Latin mixtus + -īcius.


mestisa

Borrowed from Spanish mestiza, feminine form of mestizo.


mestisa

the greasyback shrimp (Metapenaeus ensis)

the endeavour shrimp (Metapenaeus endeavouri)


ayaw

Ayaw mo panabako diri.


ayaw

(of a child, pet, etc.) to be upset and agitated, or to cry, when parent or owner leaves or tries to leave


suplador

someone who interrupts a conversation or a game; a heckler


exag

excessively sentimental; oversentimental; overemotional

having a tendency to overact or overreact


dalaginding

[d̪ɐ.l̪ɐ.ɡɪn̪ˈd̪iŋ]

From Blend of dalaga (“young mature woman”) + inday (“young girl”) + -ing (“diminutive suffix”).


tsinita

From Spanish chinita and/or Tsino + -ita.


tsinito

From Spanish chinito and/or Tsino + -ito.

having eyes that are narrow and slanted; slant-eyed


hinugawan

in an untidy manner; untidily; sloppily; shoddily


inamang

in a mute manner; without the aid of speech; mutely


kingkoy

After the titular character of the Philippine comic book Kenkoy.

having a delightful and cartoonish character


kingkoy

a cartoon; anime; an animated film or TV show


talawan

showing cowardice; lacking in courage; basely or weakly fearful; cowardly


industriya

industry (enterprise or a group of businesses)


talaw

[ˈt̪a.l̪ɐʊ̯]

to back out; to withdraw in fear of something

to crouch or cringe, or to avoid or shy away from something, in fear; to cower


buwang

(Metro Cebu, Bohol) Alternative form of bulang


inibot

having been removed by plucking; plucked

having been fully removed, including the roots; uprooted


binastos

obscene, lewd or abusive language; profanity

an obscene act; lewdness, indecency or offensive behaviour; obscenity


pinanitan

with the outermost layer or skin removed; peeled


binukalan

(of water) having reached the boiling point


hiniwa

cut or chopped into small pieces or slices


hinugasan

any item that has been cleaned by washing, especially tableware


linat-an

having been made tender by boiling or stewing


pinutol

that has been cut off or removed from a bigger or longer piece


kagwapo

a boy or a man's appearance or attractiveness


katahom

one's appearance or attractiveness; looks


kagwapa

a girl or a woman's appearance or attractiveness


hinakot

water in a barrel and other similar containers that was fetched or transported from a source or supply


byuti

a combination of qualities, such as shape, color, or form, that pleases the aesthetic senses, especially the sight

magnificent appearance, display or grandeur; splendor


binali

bali (“to break off, to fracture”) + -in-

infix

that has been broken off or removed from a whole or a bigger or longer piece


binali

changed to a contrary or counterchanged order or direction; characterized by inversion; turned upside down; reversed; opposite; contrary


diwa

Borrowed from Malay jiwa, from Sanskrit जीव (jīva).


kaputol

a person one divides or splits a whole with


hakot

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hakut, from Proto-Austronesian *SakuC.

to fetch, haul or transport an item, especially water from a source or supply


hakot

a harvester ant; an ant belonging to any of a number of species which gather and store plant material (usually seeds) for food


putol

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *putul (“to break off, cut off”), from Proto-Austronesian *putun₂.


putol

the part or piece that was cut off or broken off


kapinusilay

one's opponent in a shootout or gunfight


pinusilay

a battle using small arms; a gunfight; a shootout


tuob

to make oneself sweat by wrapping one's body in a blanket while on all fours above a pot of steaming boiled mixture of burnt rice, Coke, ice and mango leaves, often to cure oneself of pasmo or kabuhi


bumbilya

Borrowed from Spanish bombilla, diminutive of bomba, from Latin bombus, from Ancient Greek βόμβος (bómbos).


kaedad

someone who has the same age as another; an age group


kaaway

[kɐˈʔa.wɐɪ̯]


katig

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *katiʀ.


baliskad

to turn upside down, invert, turn topsy-turvy


balintong

the Philippine pangolin (Manis culionensis)

Auxis thazard
Auxis thazard#Translingual


tenyente

Borrowed from Spanish teniente, from tener.

(military) lieutenant (lowest commissioned officer rank or ranks in many military forces)


tanod

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *tánud (“guard, sentinel; to stand guard”).

inh+

a person that does policing and watchman duties under the barangay captain, either voluntarily or compensated, but are not members of the country's police force


anonas

Annona reticulata
Annona reticulata#Translingual


utong

to push the baby out (of a pregnant woman)


tiyan

From Proto-Philippine *tian, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tian, from Proto-Austronesian *tiaN. First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.

Pigafetta

an organ in animals that stores food in the process of digestion; the stomach


pusod

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pusəj.

inh+

filament-like structure found at the tip of bananas


melokoton

From Spanish melocoton, borrowed from Latin mālum cotōnĭum (“quince”), with influence from Spanish melón.


melokoton

Prunus persica
Prunus persica#Translingual


pating

Compare Waray-Waray pating and Bikol Central pating.


nawong

Compare Asi hawong and Waray-Waray nawong.

(zoology) the analogous part of an animal

(figuratively) one's facial appearance, image

face
(figuratively) one's facial expression

(figuratively) good reputation; dignity; prestige; face

any surface; especially a front or outer one

face
obverse (of a coin, medal, badge, etc.)


madyongan

a place or building where mahjong is played; a mahjong den; a gambling den


madyongero

an excessive gambler especially in mahjong; a man with a gambling addiction


petsas

From Spanish piezas, plural of pieza (“a piece”).

a poker chip; a disk-shaped counter that is used when gambling to represent money


madyongera

an excessive gambler especially in mahjong; a woman with a gambling addiction


hitsura

Borrowed from Spanish hechura (“appearance”), from Latin factūra.

bor+

front part of the head, featuring the eyes, nose, and mouth and the surrounding area

face, visage
public image; outward appearance


itsura

[ʔɪˈt̪s̪u.ɾ̪ɐ]


sugarol

[s̪ʊ.ɡɐˈɾ̪ol̪]

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish jugador (“player”).


sugarol

[s̪ʊ.ɡɐˈɾ̪ol̪]

afflicted with or suffering from problem gambling


madyong

sandbur (genus Cenchrus, especially Cenchrus echinatus and Cenchrus longispinus)


sugalan

[s̪ʊˈɡa.l̪ɐn̪]


karpentero

ceb-noun

karpentéro (Badlit spelling ᜃᜇ᜔ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜓ)

a carpenter; a person skilled at carpentry, the trade of cutting and joining timber in order to construct buildings or other structures


inihap

was counted and should not be missing one or more components or pieces upon return and/or each piece should be used up or accounted for. (see usage notes)


ihap

a count; the result of a tally that reveals the number of items in a set; a quantity counted

a sum; quantity obtained by addition or aggregation


kwenta

From Spanish cuenta, from contar, from Latin computāre, present active infinitive of computō.


maihap

capable of being counted; having a quantity; countable; enumerable, numerable


ginamit

previously owned by somebody else; secondhand


sinul-ob

(of clothing) recently used or worn; not clean or freshly obtained

(of clothing) previously owned by somebody else; hand me down, preloved, secondhand


panday

[pɐn̪ˈd̪aɪ̯]

Borrowed from Malay pandai, from Prakrit 𑀧𑀁𑀟𑀺𑀅 (paṃḍia), from Sanskrit पाण्ड्यः (pāṇḍyaḥ, “learned; wise”).


panday

[pɐn̪ˈd̪aɪ̯]

to build or construct something esp. by hammering


hostiya

From Spanish hostia, from Latin hostia (“victim, sacrifice”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis (“guest, stranger”) in its root sense of "enemy, stranger," whence also Proto-Germanic *gastiz and Proto-Slavic *gostь.

a communion wafer; the sacramental bread used in the Eucharist; the host


kalawat

communion wafer; the sacramental bread used in the Eucharist; the host


kalawat

to receive communion, to receive the Eucharist


sinudlan

a pork sausage made and cooked without curing and aging


sinudlan

full (with), or packed with some material or substance; filled, stuffed


litaniya

Borrowed from Spanish letanía, from Late Latin litanīa, from Ancient Greek λιτανεία (litaneía, “prayer”), from λιτή (litḗ, “supplication"”).


ostiya

Borrowed from Spanish hostia, from Latin hostia (“victim, sacrifice”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis (“guest, stranger”) in its root sense of "enemy, stranger," whence also Proto-Germanic *gastiz and Proto-Slavic *gostь.


purgatoryo

Borrowed from Spanish purgatorio, from Late Latin purgatorium (“cleansing”), post-Classical substantive use of purgātōrius (“cleansing, purgative”), from purgō (“cleanse, purify”).

any situation where suffering is endured, particularly as part of a process of redemption


sungo

a beak or bill, the rigid structure projecting from the front of a bird's face, used for pecking, grooming and for eating food

the beaklike mouth of animals other than birds

a tusk; one of a pair of elongated pointed teeth that extend outside the mouth of an animal such as a walrus, elephant or wild boar


tighulos

(of a spider) to drop or lower itself using a single line of spider silk


hingiki

to clean the area between the teeth using floss or toothpick; to floss


pinalit

purchased from a seller or shop; shopbought; storebought


hinipos

was stashed or stored; taken out of storage


walingwaling

a waling-waling (Vanda sanderiana); an orchid endemic to Mindanao


bolunter

Borrowed from English volunteer, from Middle French voluntaire, from Latin voluntarius (“willing, voluntary”); or from voluntary + -eer.

a volunteer; one who enters into, or offers for, any service of his/her own free will, especially when done without pay


bolunter

to do or offer to do something voluntarily


hingo

not fixed in place tightly or firmly; loose, loosened


hingo

(especially of a tooth) to become loose; to loosen


hulam

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *həzam, from Proto-Austronesian *Səzam. Compare Masbatenyo huram, Masbate Sorsogon huram, Aklanon hueam, Tagalog hiram, Kapampangan andam, Ilocano iram, and Malay pinjam.


lukay

a palm frond; especially that of a coconut

crosses and other decorations, made from palm fronds and blessed on Palm Sunday


unom

From Proto-Philippine *ənəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ənəm, from Proto-Austronesian *ənəm.


palit

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *palit. Cognate with Tagalog palit (“change; exchange; substitute”).

cog

Mopalit ko og regalo para kang Lolo.


makalima

Makalima na siya naligo didto.


pakwan

Citrullus lanatus
Citrullus lanatus#Translingual


pigsit

to spurt; to cause to gush out suddenly or violently in a stream or jet


munggos

Borrowed from Spanish mungos, plural of mungo.

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata#Translingual

Vigna radiata; a plant species within the family Fabaceae

a paste using pressed boiled mung beans used as a pastry filling


saluyot

young fruit and leaves of this plant used as a vegetable


Teban ug Goliat

From the characters Teban and Goliat, fictional brothers played by comedians Julian Daan and Alan Nacorda, in the 1990s Cebuano television show Si Goot da Wanderpol.

(informal, humorous) two very close and inseparable friends


eskala

Borrowed from Spanish escala (“a stopover”).

a short interruption in a journey; a stopover; a layover


eskala

to delay unnecessarily; to waste time by taking an unneeded stop


abogago

a person who pretentiously talks or acts like he or she is an expert of the law


mananag-an

one who foretells the future; a diviner, a fortuneteller


mintinar

[mɪn̪.t̪ɪˈn̪aɾ̪]

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English maintain + Cebuano ar (correct Spanish is mantener). Maintain is altered to mintin to reflect a Cebuano pronunciation treating /e/ and /i/ as allophones.

pseudo-loan

to maintain; to keep up; to preserve; to uphold a state, condition etc.


opisina

Borrowed from Spanish oficina, from Latin officīna (“workshop”), from opificium (“action of working”), from opifex (“laborer, worker”).


bolador

(bingo) a caller; the person who stands at the front of the hall and announces the numbers

the person who draws the winner or winning entries in a raffle


pinrint

(colloquial) printed; especially from a computer printer


minubo

a synopsis; a brief summary of the major points of a written work, either as prose or as a table; an abridgment or condensation of a work

an abbreviation; a shortened or contracted form of a word or phrase


printa

material that has been printed; a printing


printa

to print; to produce one or more copies of a text or image on a surface, especially by machine


tambol

From Spanish tambor, from Arabic طُنْبُور (ṭunbūr).


pagirl

(often derogatory, of a man or boy) exhibiting behaviour or mannerisms considered typical of a female; unmasculine; effeminate

(often derogatory, of a man or boy) like (that of) a girl; feminine, girlish


apahap

Lates calcarifer
Lates calcarifer#Translingual

Asian sea bass or barramundi (Lates calcarifer)


karosa

From Spanish carroza, from Italian carrozza.

a carriage used to carry images of saints during a procession

a float; an elaborately decorated trailer or vehicle, intended for display in a parade or pageant


tahod

an attitude of consideration or high regard; respect

reverence; an act of showing respect, such as a bow


palaaway

argumentative; belligerent; quarrelsome; given to quarreling


palaigit

a person, especially a child, who soils his or her pants

a shithead; a stupid or contemptible person


bukarot

Probably from Ilocano or from a language of the Aeta people.

the Philippine crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis)


hingaslom

fond of eating or drinking sour food or drink


mabaw

to move from a deep portion, e.g. of a sea, to a shallow one


mabaw

a shallow; a shallow portion of an otherwise deep body of water

the shallows; an area in a large body of water with many shallow areas


mabaw

shallow; having little depth; significantly less deep than wide


tangkongan

Ipomoea aquatica
Ipomoea aquatica#Translingual

an area dominated by Ipomoea aquatica plants

a hypothetical place where the sick, dumb or ill is thrown


kalubihan

a land or beach covered with coconut trees; a coconut grove or plantation


kasagingan

a piece of land covered by banana trees; a banana grove or plantation


pinyahan

[pɪˈɲɐ.hɐn̪]

land covered with pineapple plants; a pineapple plantation


iliw

the yellow-wing flying fish (Cypselurus poecilopterus)


lahoy

to leave one's abode to go to public places


lahoy

Squalus acanthias
Squalus acanthias#Translingual


salampati

From blend of salag + Sanskrit पारापत (pārāpata), possibly borrowed through Malay. Compare Malay merpati.

blend

Sanskrit <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">पारापत</i> (pārāpata)


ugis

a shade of white like that of chicken feathers

a chicken with completely white feathers

an albino; a person or animal with albinism


ugis

having a white color like that of chicken feathers


kawit

container for tapping tuba, a bamboo culm internode with one end cut open


taliba

(chiefly humorous) the female genitalia; the vulva or vagina


kalaw

the rufous hornbill (Buceros hydrocorax)


sapiro

a guava tree that bears pink-fleshed fruits


sapiro

From Spanish zafiro (“sapphire”), from Latin sapphīrus, from Ancient Greek σάπφειρος (sáppheiros).

a clear deep blue variety of corundum, valued as a precious stone

a white, yellow, or purple variety of corundum, either clear or translucent


sapiro

From English sapphire, borrowed from Old French saphir, from Latin sapphir, sappir, sapphīrus, from Ancient Greek σάπφειρος (sáppheiros, “precious stone, gem”), from a Semitic language (compare Hebrew סַפִּיר (sappī́r)), perhaps ultimately from a non-Semitic source such as Sanskrit शनिप्रिय (śanipriya, “dark-colored stone”, literally “dear to Saturn”).


labong

verdant; abundant in verdure; lush with vegetation


lupog

(of the eye) to sting; to hurt; to be in pain


luwa

to spit; to evacuate (saliva or another substance) from the mouth

to eject; to cause (something) to come out of a machine


kwarta

[ˈkwɐɾ̪.t̪ɐ]


liwat

Liwat siya sa amahan nga taas og ilong.

taking after someone; inherit a certain aspect of oneself from a parent or ancestor

(colloquial, by extension) bearing semblance with something or someone


upaw

having no hair, fur or feathers
having no hair on the head


upaw

(sometimes offensive, often humorous) a baldhead; a person whose head is bald


bayabasan

an area dominated by guava trees; a guava plantation

a hypothetical place where students go to skip class or to play truant


salog

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saləʀ. Compare Bikol Central salog and Tagalog sahig.


salog

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saluʀ. Compare Malay salur.


utin

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qutin, from Proto-Austronesian *qutiN. Compare Gorontalo wuti, Maranao otin, Tausug utin and Tetum uti.
First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.


karaan

[kɐˈɾ̪a.ɐn̪]

(humorous, of a person) as though belonging to a previous era


bakilid

Probably ba- + kilid, probably a corruption of pakilid.


bunutan

a small tree, Gardenia pseudopsidium (syn. Sulipa pseudopsidium)


punay

Ptilinopus occipitalis
Ptilinopus occipitalis#Translingual

the yellow-breasted fruit dove (Ptilinopus occipitalis)


wakang

From ellipsis of earlier limericks, such as Insik wakang, kaon, kalibang (literally “Chinese (laborer), eat, and shit!”) or Insek kwakang baboy tikangkang (literally “Chinese (laborer), pig (with) legs up in the air!”), which were old derogatory visayan limericks repeatedly sang by children on the streets during the late 1800s. The word itself in the limericks is likely originally borrowed from Hokkien, possibly 我工 (góa kang, “I work”) or 我空 (óa-khàng!, “my heavens!; OMG!; wow! (expletive)”) through wakanga, as per Wolff (1972) who describes it similar to ching chong. Compare with Tagalog beho.

(ethnic slur, slang, derogatory, offensive) Expression used to tease Chinese people or Filipinos of Chinese descent.


wakang

(offensive, ethnic slur) a person with Chinese-like facial features; a Chinese person or Filipino of Chinese descent


bulkan

Borrowed from Spanish volcán, from Italian vulcano, from Latin Vulcanus (“Vulcan”), from Etruscan Velchans.


manay

From a clipping of Spanish hermana (“sister”) + -y.

an older woman; female senior (relatively older than the speaker)

term of address for any woman older than the speaker, not necessarily an elderly woman: ma'am


kihol

to act on; to act decisively on the basis of information received or deduced; to act upon


sabta

sabot (comprehend, deduce, know, understand) + -a


kayab

to unfurl; to unroll or release something that had been rolled up

to wave; to move back and forth repeatedly


managlahi

differing; different from each other or from someone or something else


kuyog baboy

(idiomatic) a tagalong; one that persistently follows another

(idiomatic) a hanger-on; someone who trails behind, especially uninvited or unwanted


kuyog baboy

characteristic of a tagalong or hanger-on


Sanson

Possibly from Hokkien 曾孫／曾孙 (chan-sun, “great-grandson (in a male lineage)”), via Spanish Sanson (Compare Cebuano Singson), or from a hypercorrection of Samson, from Spanish Samson, originally from Literary Hokkien 三孫／三孙 (sam-sun), corrected with Mandarin 三 (sān).


kinsenas

From Spanish quincenas, plural of quincena.

(time) a half month period, specially applied for wage payment


simsim

Portulaca oleracea
Portulaca oleracea#Translingual

common purslane (Portulaca oleracea); an annual succulent in the family Portulacaceae


bayong

to help or assist someone in carrying a single heavy load


duhol

to hand over; to relinquish control or possession of something to someone


Orland

Back-formation from Orlando. Used to sound more English, the name Orlando often erroneously attributed to Spanish.


grip juice

(informal, humorous) tap water. (see usage notes)


kahilom

a hush; a silence, especially after some noise

the state of being serene; calmness; peacefulness; serenity

the quality or state of being still; stillness


hilomon

not talking much or not talking loudly; quiet

keeping one's thoughts and opinions to oneself; reserved or restrained; reticent

(by extension) lacking in courage or confidence; diffident; timid

(by extension) having an inclination to secrecy; secretive


hilomon

ceb-verb

hilomon (inchoative gihilom, imperative hiloma, Badlit spelling ᜑᜒᜎᜓᜋᜓᜈ᜔)

gihilom (inchoative)
hiloma (imperative)

to cause to become silent; prohibit or prevent from speaking

to kill, especially to prevent something from getting mentioned or discussed


abno

retarded; having mental retardation; mentally deficient


hilom

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hidem. Compare Bikol Central hilom, Tagalog lihim.


birada

[bɪˈɾ̪a.d̪ɐ]

series of hits or blows directed at a person or object


gradohan

having attained a level of higher education, such as a college degree; educated


edukada

Borrowed from Spanish educada, feminine form of educado, past participle of educar.


lagoson

having prominent gums; showing the gums; gummy


gahig ilong

Literally, “having a hard nose”. From the practice of tethering cattle by the nose.


palautot

affected by gas in the intestine; likely to fart; flatulent


talusi

the Visayan hornbill (Penelopides panini)


goryon

Passer domesticus
Passer domesticus#Translingual

the house sparrow, Passer domesticus; a small bird with a short bill, and brown, white and gray feathers

a member of the family Passeridae, comprising small Old World songbirds

a member of the family Emberizidae, comprising small New World songbirds

generically, any small, nondescript bird


tsoknat

From chocnut, blend of chocolate + peanut. Alternatively from chocolate + coconut, since supposedly the original recipe used chocolate and coconut.

a confectionery, usually sold in small bars, made with cocoa powder, peanuts and sugar


humok og ilong

ceb-adj

humok og ilóng (Badlit spelling ᜑᜓᜋᜓᜃ᜔ ᜂᜄ᜔ ᜁᜎᜓᜅ᜔)

(idiomatic) easily persuaded; persuadable


chocnut

Genericized trademark from Choc Nut, which is a blend of English chocolate + peanut, or alternatively of chocolate + coconut, since supposedly the original recipe used chocolate and coconut.

chocnut (a confectionery, usually sold in small bars, made with cocoa powder, peanuts and sugar)


huyahuya

Mimosa pudica
Mimosa pudica#Translingual

the sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica), a creeping annual or perennial herb of the pea family Fabaceae


harupay

the sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica); a creeping annual or perennial herb of the pea family Fabaceae


ganahan

to enjoy, be pleased by; favor; be in favor of


budlat

(derogatory) having big eyes; having bulging or protruding eyes


budlat

the striped monocle bream (Scolopsis lineata)


ranggo

From Spanish rango, from French rang, from Frankish *hring.

a hierarchical level in an organization such as the military; a rank


tsitsirika

the periwinkle; any of the flowering plants of the genera Catharanthus and Vinca


liryo

From Spanish lirio, from Latin līlium, from Ancient Greek λείριον (leírion).

Iris; a genus of flowering plants with showy flowers


amarilyo

Borrowed from Spanish amarillo, from Latin amarellus, from amarus (“bitter, sour”).


maong

Borrowed from Spanish mahón (“nankeen; jeans”). See Tagalog maong.


maong

From mao (“is the one”) and nga (“that is”).

Short for mao nga (“aforementioned; therefore”).


nipis

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nipis, from Proto-Austronesian *Nipis. Cognate with Malay nipis, Eastern Cham ꨤꨪꨚꨪꩍ (lipih), ꨤꨚꨪꩍ (lapih), Chamorro kanifes.


lumbang

the seeds of this tree used to make beads


gladyola

gladiolus; a genus of perennial cormous flowering plants in the iris family (Iridaceae)


kamya

Hedychium coronarium
Hedychium coronarium#Translingual

Hedychium coronarium; a perennial flowering plant from the ginger family Zingiberaceae


ilangilang

Cananga odorata
Cananga odorata#Translingual

the fragrant flower of a tropical tree (Cananga odorata) native to southeast Asia

an essential oil derived from this flower used in aromatherapy and perfumes

the tree on which ylang ylang flowers grow


pass bao

a variation of punch buggy; a game where players race to spot a passing or parked Volkswagen beetle. at the sight of the vehicle, players salute and call out, "Pass bao!" failure to salute or placing last is punished by a knock or smack in the head


lidibag

a ladybug or ladybird beetle; a small beetle in the family Coccinellidae


alangilan

[ʔɐ.l̪ɐˈŋi.l̪ɐn̪]


sampagita

Jasminum sambac
Jasminum sambac#Translingual

(rare) the Arabian jasmine (Jasminum sambac)


alas kwatro

four o'clock; the start of the fifth hour of the day in both the 12-hour and the 24-hour clock; 4:00

Mirabilis jalapa
Mirabilis jalapa#Translingual

the marvel of Peru or the four o'clock plant (Mirabilis jalapa)


pugong

a rubber band, ribbon or hairclip used to gather and hold the hair


Yee

From English Yee, from either Taishanese 余 (yi³) or Cantonese 余 (jyu⁴) or Mandarin 余 (yú), perhaps from Hokkien 余 (î).

a surname from Cantonese [in turn from Hokkien] or from Mandarin [in turn from Hokkien]


kalabasang puti

From kalabasa nga puti (“white squash”).

Lagenaria siceraria
Lagenaria siceraria#Translingual

Lagenaria siceraria, a vine grown for its fruit

the young fruit of this plant used as a vegetable, specifically the rounder variety of the calabash gourd


kalabasang puwa

a plant and its fruit of five species of the genus Cucurbita; a squash

the flower of this plant used in cooking


pawikan

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *pawíkan.


kwatro

From Spanish cuatro, from Latin quattŭor (“four”), from Proto-Italic *kʷettwōr, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.


timbang

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timbaŋ (“balanced”).


turagay

Vitex negundo
Vitex negundo#Translingual

a five-leaved chaste tree (Vitex negundo); an aromatic plant primarily used in South and Southeast Asian folk medicine


buwakaw

(Metro Cebu, Northern Cebu, Bohol, Leyte) Alternative form of bulalakaw


ap-apon

having skin infected by tinea versicolor


ap-ap

(pathology) tinea versicolor; a skin condition of a yeast infection causing discoloured patches on the trunk and proximal extremities


saksak sinagol

a collection of miscellaneous things; a hodgepodge; a jumble; a mishmash


kinaiya

an attitude; disposition or state of mind

an attribute; a characteristic or quality of a thing

a trait; an identifying characteristic, habit or trend


tsansa

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English chance, from Old French chance (“accident, chance, luck”), from Vulgar Latin cadentia (“falling”), from Latin cadō (“I fall, I die”).


alalay

an assistant; a person who assists or helps someone else, especially as an occupation


sigarilyo

Borrowed from Spanish cigarrillo, from cigarro (“cigar”) + -illo (“diminutive suffix”).
Sense of "round scad", after its shape.


lapay

Nycticorax caledonicus
Nycticorax caledonicus#Translingual

the nankeen night heron (Nycticorax caledonicus)


kakaw

Borrowed from Spanish cacao, from Classical Nahuatl cacahuatl. Doublet of kokwa.

Theobroma cacao
Theobroma cacao#Translingual


lagari

Borrowed from Malay gergaji, ultimately from Sanskrit क्रकच (krakaca, “saw”).


malasugi

Xiphias gladius
Xiphias gladius#Translingual

a swordfish (Xiphias gladius); a large marine fish with a long, pointed bill

a marlin; any species of game fish belonging to either of the genera Tetrapturus or Makaira

a sailfish; a fish of the genus Istiophorus, having a characteristic sail-like fin on its back


tughok

a bedbug; a small nocturnal insect of the family Cimicidae that feed on the blood of humans and other warm-blooded hosts


buwitre

Borrowed from Spanish buitre, from Latin vultur.


humag lamoy, lahoy

From human og lamoy, lahoy. Literally, “to leave abruptly after eating”.

lit

to duck out after dining in a party or a feast

(by extension) to stop dating or to stop any contact or to end a relationship, without explanation, with someone after finally having had sexual intercourse

(by extension) to disappear or stop any contact with a woman after unintentionally getting her pregnant


basa ang papel

Literally, “having a wet piece of paper”.

(idiomatic) having a bad record; having a bad reputation


suroy

[ˈs̪u.ɾ̪oɪ̯]


suroy

[ˈs̪u.ɾ̪oɪ̯]

to leave one's abode to go to public places


piyo

a small freshwater crab found in the mountains of Cebu


likod

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *likud, from Proto-Austronesian *likud.
First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.

Pigafetta

back (that which is farthest away from the front)


lakaw

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lakaw.

inh+

to go for a walk, especially to mosey or walk leisurely


biyahe

(of a transportation) to depart; to go; to leave

to be on a journey, often for pleasure or business and with luggage; to go from one place to another

to pass from here to there; to move or transmit; to go from one place to another


tukwang

to tip over; (to cause) to topple over and fall


tokhang

After Oplan Tokhang, from tuktok + hangyo.

(neologism, of law enforcement) to knock on a suspected drug trafficker or drug addict's home to persuade them to surrender and stop their illegal activities

(neologism, slang) to fall victim to extrajudicial killing; to die by summary execution, allegedly carried out by the police or a vigilante, due to involvement in the illegal drug trade

(neologism, often humorous) to have someone or arrested or detained


kargado

Borrowed from Spanish cargado (“loaded”).

burdened by some heavy load; loaded; packed


gaan og kamot

(idiomatic) predisposed to throw a punch or slap


kargador

[kɐɾ̪.ɡɐˈd̪oɾ̪]

a porter; a person who carries luggage and related objects


kulawin

a tree or small shrub, Premna serratifolia


kwarenta diyas

the fortieth day after a person's death, preceded by nine novena days, where a requiem mass is celebrated and a party is held for the deceased


tinuhoan sa buktot

Literally, “belief or beliefs of a hunchback”.


hepe

Borrowed from Spanish jefe, from French chef, from Latin caput, from Proto-Italic *kaput, from Proto-Indo-European *kauput-, *káput (“head”).

a chief or head police or military officer


kwarenta

From Spanish cuarenta, from Latin quadrāgintā, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwr̥̄ḱomt, from earlier *kʷetwr̥-dḱomt (“four-ten”).


kinambrasan

a scratchmark, especially a mark left by a claw or talon


kinawtan

a scratchmark; a mark on the skin left from scratching an itch


igwalis

a tie; the situation in which two or more participants in a competition are placed equally


kawras

[ˈkaʊ̯.ɾ̪ɐs̪]


kastrato

From English castrato, from Italian castrato, from Latin castrō (“to castrate”), likely from caedō (“to cut”).

a male who has been castrated, especially a male whose testicles have been removed before puberty in order to retain his boyish voice

a male soprano or alto voice produced by castration of the treble singer before puberty


amendar

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English amend, influenced by Spanish enmendar.


tigbas

Possibly from a doublet of Proto-Philippine *tag(ə)pas (“cut, chop”), cf. Ilocano tigpas, Tagalog tigpas, Bikol Central tagpas.

der

to slash; to cut with a swift broad stroke of an edged weapon


panapton

a material made of fibers; a cloth; a fabric; a textile


mabungahon

producing fruits in abundance; fertile; fruitful


palaanak

producing offspring in abundance; fertile; prolific


kumong

(of a spider) to limp; to walk lamely due to injury


maismais

Reduplication of mais (“corn”). Named for having a similar color to dried yellow corn husks.

an undetermined species of spider, having a yellowish color, used in spider fighting


marka tuldok

an undetermined species of spider, with a large dot marking above the abdomen, used in spider fighting


marka uno

an undetermined species of spider, with a single vertical line on its back, used in spider fighting


kiyodkiyod

Reduplication of kiyod (“to hump”). Named after its violent web shaking.

the longbodied cellar spider (Pholcus phalangioides); a spider known to shake its web violently when disturb as a defense mechanism against predators


sabong sa kaka

a blood sport involving spiders; spider fighting; spider derby


marka bungo

an undetermined species of spider, with a marking likened to a skull, used in spider fighting


red devil

an undetermined species of spider, reddish in color, used in spider fighting


kingking

crab spider; any species of the family Thomisidae


putig itlog

Contraction of puti + og, from puti og itlog. Literally, “having white testicles”.


sinugatan

a gift brought back by a traveller for somebody at home


limonsito kastila

an evergreen shrub of the genus Triphasia, especially the species Triphasia trifoliata and Triphasia grandifolia

the fruit of these plants; myrtle lime; limeberry; trifoliate limeberry


higop

From Proto-Philippine *hiʀup, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hiʀup, from Proto-Austronesian *Siʀup. Cognate with Ilocano irup, Indonesian and Malay hirup, Pangasinan ilop and Sasak irup.

to sip broth, sauce, gravy or a soup as opposed to beverage


hiniktan

a gamecock; a rooster used in cockfighting


abubukag

a lizard in the genus Draco; a flying dragon; a flying gecko; a gliding lizard


hikot

to tie; to attach or fasten with a string or the like


gilangaw

gi- + langaw. Literally, “plagued or swarmed by flies”.

lit

empty or having a very small number of attendees; having a low attendance


inutang

obtained through a loan or borrowing; borrowed


pisikal

Borrowed from English physical, from Latin physicalis, from physica, from Ancient Greek φυσική (phusikḗ), feminine singular of φυσικός (phusikós).


pilitpilit

a game similar to tag and hot lava where players touch wooden items to avoid getting tagged


karnabal

(mahjong) hand consisting of eight pairs


pasol

to angle; to try to catch fish with a hook and line


basketbolista

basketbol + -ista, ultimately from Latin American Spanish basquetbolista.


kondensada

Borrowed from Spanish [leche] condensada.


lunhaw

From Proto-Philippine *luh(ə)naw. Compare Tboli lenaw, Maranao lonaw, Tagbanwa lu'naw, Western Bukidnon Manobo lunew, and Tiruray lunew.


katam-is

sweetness; the condition of being sweet or sugary


tam-is

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taq(ə)mis.


matam-is

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)taq(ə)mis, or analytically from ma- + tam-is.

sweet (confection made from sugar or high in sugar content)


prinsipal

Borrowed from English principal, from Old French principal, from Latin principalis.

a principal; a school's chief administrator


desperada

being filled with, or in a state of despair; hopeless

without regard to danger or safety; reckless; furious


mantaga

(folklore) a freshwater giant octopus that supposedly grab and drown unwary humans or animals in and around lakes


puwaw

burn the midnight oil
burn the midnight oil

to work throughout the night; to burn the midnight oil; to pull an all-nighter


butlog

the outline of penis and testicles visible through clothing


kalabera

Borrowed from Spanish calavera (“skull”), from Latin calvaria, from calvus, from Proto-Indo-European *klh₂wós (“bald”) which contains the suffix *-wós (whence Latin -vus), from *kl̥H- (“naked, bald”).


tahal

From Spanish tajar, from Late Latin taliare, present active infinitive of taliō, from Latin talea.


pantalan

→ Spanish: pantalán


palong

to put out; to extinguish a flame or light


yabag

(music) off-key, out of tune, not harmonious

(music) something that is not tuned correctly


lingkoranan

ceb-noun

lingkoránan (Badlit spelling ᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜇᜈᜈ᜔)


lara

(obsolete) Capsicum; a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae

(obsolete) the fruit of these plants; a chili pepper or bell pepper


nobyo

From Spanish novio, from Vulgar Latin *novius (“newly wed”), from Latin novus (“new”).


panitik

the act, practice, ability, or subject of forming words with letters, or of reading the letters of words; orthography

the manner of spelling of words; correct spelling


martsa

From Spanish marcha, from marchar, from French marcher, from Middle French, from Old French marchier, from Frankish *markōn, from Proto-Germanic, from Proto-Indo-European *merg-, *marǵ- (“edge, boundary, border”).
Noun sense 2, after its supposed manner of walking.

undetermined species of spider, supposedly walks with a march-like gait, used in spider fighting


martsa

to hold a demonstration; to protest; to rally


malong

a sarong; a garment made of printed cloth wrapped about the waist worn by both men and women


tisoy

(slang) mestizo; biracial; multiracial, mixed-race


kinamunggayan

Moringa oleifera
Moringa oleifera#Translingual

(cooking, of a dish) having Moringa oleifera leaves as an ingredient


relibo

a relief; someone who takes over another

aid or assistance offered in time of need


relibo

to relieve; to free (someone) from their post, task etc. by taking their place


komparar

From Spanish comparar, from Latin comparāre, present active infinitive of comparō (“compare, match, place together, couple”).


husgado

court; court of justice; court of law; law court


ajaw

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

(Bohol, Southern Leyte) Pronunciation spelling of ayaw.


kabilya

From Spanish cabilla, from dialectal Latin *cavicŭla, from clavicŭla.


uyog

to shake; to dislodge or dispense (something) by short, quick, forcible movements of its support

to move (something or its support or container) to and fro or up and down with short, quick, forcible movements

to grasp (someone or something) firmly in an attempt to move or rouse by, or as by, vigorous movement to and fro


taktak

to shake; to dislodge or dispense (something) by short, quick, forcible movements of its container

to shake off; to free oneself or get rid of something or someone


dalagang ulay

an old woman who has never married; an old maid; a spinster


dumadapig

a supporter; a person who gives support to someone or something


amakan

a ply of woven bamboo strips; used in walls and panelling


deklarar

From Spanish declarar, from Latin dēclārāre, present active infinitive of dēclārō.


trangka

[ˈt̪ɾ̪aŋ.kɐ]


trangka

[ˈt̪ɾ̪aŋ.kɐ]


basurahan

a place or receptacle for waste material; a garbage bag; a garbage can; a dumpster; a dumpsite; a landfill


katalagman

liability to injury or harm; danger; peril


wantotre

Named after its supposed manner of walking.

an undetermined species of spider, with a gait supposedly three steps and halt, used in spider fighting


marka sero

Ring marking on the spider likened to a zero.

an undetermined species of spider, with a ring marking above the abdomen, used in spider fighting


kariton

Borrowed from Spanish carretón (“cart”).


cadena de amor

[kɐˌd̪i.n̪ɐ d̪e ʔɐˈmoɾ̪]

Borrowed from Spanish cadena de amor (“chain of love”).

bor

Antigonon leptopus
Wikispecies:Antigonon leptopus

coral vine (Antigonon leptopus); a type of vine with white or pale to deep pink flowers that grow in racemes


suholan

a compensation; a recompense or reward for some loss or service


suhol

In the senses of "bribe", semantic loan from Tagalog suhol (“bribe”), intended as a substitute to suborno.

semantic loan

compensation (reward for some loss or service)


suhol

to compensate (pay or reward in exchange for work done or some other consideration)


paspas

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paspas (“to brush away dust or dirt”).


paspas

to dust; to remove dust; to remove dust from


paspas

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *paspás (“to do something quickly, in a hurry”).

inh+

moving with great speed, or capable of doing so; fast; rapid; swift


piskal

(law) public prosecutor (UK); district attorney (US)


sadya

From Sanskrit सज्ज (sajja, “ready”). Compare Malay sedia, Sanskrit साध्य (sādhya).

full of life or high spirits; lively; merry


kabanay

(strictly) a member of one's immediate family


dagit

a food offering to spirits or one's ancestors


santop

(often followed by "sa hunahuna") to come to mind; to appear in one's thoughts; to realize


sibsibanan

a land used for grazing animals; a grazeland; a pasture


palami

to season; to flavor food with spices, herbs or salt

to entice; to lure; to attract by arousing desire or hope

to make out; to neck; to pet; to engage in sexual intercourse


sibsib

to feed or supply (cattle, sheep, etc.) with grass; to furnish pasture for

to feed on; to eat (growing herbage); to eat grass from (a pasture)


trayanggol

From English triangle, from Old French triangle, from Latin triangulum, noun use of adjective triangulus (“three-cornered, having three angles”), from trēs (“three”) + angulus (“corner, angle”).

a type of firecracker with a triangle shape


noche buena

From Spanish Nochebuena, from noche buena.

a traditional dinner held towards midnight of December 24


belada

The spelling belada is used to match the spelling of the Spanish word velada.


yati

Possibly from Malay jati, from Old Javanese jati, from Sanskrit जाति (jāti).

Tectona grandis
Tectona grandis#Translingual


linusak

a dish made from a mash of boiled plantains, sweetened with sugar, sometimes margarine is added, and topped with shredded coconut meat


media noche

a traditional dinner held towards midnight of December 31


banay

(obsolete) inflorescence; a cluster of flowers

nuclear family; consisting of parents and their children

(by extension) one's direct line of ancestors, descendants, and lateral relations


pagpatay

a killing; an instance of someone being killed


suok

a corner; specifically the interior corner


Bag-ong Tuig

ceb-noun

Bag-óng Tuig (Badlit spelling ᜊᜄ᜔ᜂᜅ᜔ ᜆᜓᜁᜄ᜔)

[bɐɡˌʔoŋ ˈt̪u.ʔɪɡ]

malipayong Pasko ug malipayong Bag-ong Tuig


eksena

Borrowed from Spanish escena, with influence from other words starting with eks.


eskina

Borrowed from Spanish esquina, from Gothic *𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌽𐌰 (*skina), from Proto-Germanic *skinō (“rim, plate”).


tigpaminaw

a listenership; the audience that listens to a radio station or program; a listener


Gallardo

From Spanish Gallardo. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


ambisyon

Borrowed from Spanish ambición (“ambition”).


ambisyon

to ambition; to seek after ambitiously or eagerly; to covet; to aspire


pagburos

[pɐɡ.bʊˈɾ̪os̪]


manganakay

due to give birth; about to give birth; parturient


manganakay

one who is in labor, who is about to give birth, or who is due to give birth


parokya

From Spanish parroquia, from Late Latin parochia, alteration of Ancient Greek παροικία (paroikía) "dwelling abroad", from παρά (pará) "beside" + οἶκος (oîkos) "house, dwelling".

(Christianity) a parish (part of a diocese)


tagdumala

an administrator; a manager; a head or leader


plantsahonon

laundry or items of clothing that needs ironing


gukdonon og plantsa

Literally, “deserving to be chased by a smoothing iron”.


gukdonon og plantsa

a person wearing wrinkly unironed clothes


plantsado

suitably prepared; organized; equipped; ready


estatuwa

Borrowed from Spanish estatua, from Latin statua, from statuō (“I erect, set up, cause to stand”).


anak sa liki nga kawayan

Literally, “child of the split bamboo culm”. Probably from several Philippine origin stories similar to Si Malakas at si Maganda whose titular characters emerged when a bird accidentally split a bamboo culm.

(idiomatic) an illegitimate child; a child born out of wedlock

(by extension) a child of unknown origin; an orphan


anak sa gawas

ceb-noun

anák sa gawás (Badlit spelling ᜀᜈᜃ᜔ ᜐ ᜄᜏᜐ᜔)

[ʔɐˌn̪ak s̪ɐ ɡɐˈwas̪]

Literally, “a child outside (of marriage)”.


unya

Unya iya ning buhaton .


undol

(trees, shrubs) to lose or have its crown removed by disease or pruning


pagsupak

the act of objecting, opposing or contradicting; an objection; an opposition; a contradiction


masetas

From Spanish macetas, plural of maceta (“a flowerpot”).

a plant or plants; especially potted ones


supak

to disagree; to not agree; to refuse to conform

to be contrary to; to oppose; to contradict; to object


agianan

[ʔɐ.ɡɪˈʔa.n̪ɐn̪]


Villena

Borrowed from Spanish Villena, from Catalan.


tabagnol

rust; a disease of plants caused by a reddish-brown fungus


relasyon

a relation; a connection or association; the condition of being related

a relationship; a kinship; being related by blood or marriage


kadalanan

streets or paths; all the roads; in the world, in a city, or town


balor

Borrowed from Spanish valor, from Latin valore, singular ablative of valor (“value”), from valeō (“I am strong”).

a value; the quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or valuable

a price; the cost required to gain possession of something


tagadagat

(often derogatory) someone who is from the coasts; especially from the seaside slums

(humorous, sometimes derogatory) a person with dyed or sunbleached hair; especially someone having light brown or blonde hair


tagaisla

an islander; a person who lives on an island; especially a resident of a remote or neighboring smaller island or islet, as opposed to the resident of the bigger islands, where the government or economic center is located


deskrayb

Borrowed from English describe, from Middle English descriven, from Old French descrivre, from Latin dēscrībō (“I copy off, transcribe, sketch off, describe in painting or writing”), from dē (“off”) + scrībō (“write”).


batunaw

Blend of bato (“a rock or stone”) + tunaw (“to melt”). Coined by the LUDABI.


napulo

From Proto-Bisayan *na-puluq, from Proto-Central-Philippine *puluq, from Proto-Philippine *puluq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puluq, from Proto-Austronesian *puluq. Cognates with Tagalog sampu, Ilocano pullo, Aklanon púeo. Related to Indonesian puluh, Malay puluh, Hawaiian hulu, Malagasy folo, Maori huru, Minangkabau puluah, South Marquesan hu'u.


tinun-an

[t̪ɪˈn̪un̪.ʔɐn̪]


black lady

Unadapted borrowing from English black lady.


sikmol

the ritual feeding of a baby's first solid food meal; usually done four months after birth using octopus tentacles


imbitar

[ʔɪm.bɪˈt̪aɾ̪]


sinibuyasan

(by extension) flavored or made with spring onion


tiway

to take or borrow something with permission but with no intention of returning it

to be unpaid or unrewarded for a task done for another


bungahoy

Blend of bunga + kahoy. Compare Tagalog bungangkahoy.


lansyaw

Borrowed from Hokkien 𡳞鳥／𡳞鸟 (lǎn-chiáu, “penis”). Compare Philippine English lanciao, Singaporean & Malaysian English lanjiao.

Malaysian English
Philippine English
Singaporean English
lansiao


buyno

well; used to acknowledge a statement or situation

very well; indicating acceptance, often with resignation or acquiescence, of a statement or situation


kabilin

an inheritance; property that may be inherited

a tradition; a practice or set of values that is passed down from preceding generations through families or through institutional memory; a heritage; a legacy

an heirloom; valued possession that has been passed down through the generations


dekolor

colored; having a color or a particular color


kampilan

a type of single-edged longsword, traditionally used by various ethnic groups in the Philippines


bulok

Borrowed from Malay buruk, from Proto-Malayic *buruk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀuk, from Proto-Austronesian *buʀuk. Doublet of bugók.

(often derogatory) dumb, lacking intellectual content or value


baruto

From Proto-Bisayan *barutu. Compare Hiligaynon baroto.


lumba

a race; a contest between people, animals, vehicles, etc. where the goal is to be the first to reach some objective


pag-umangkon

pag- + -um- + angkon. Perhaps from angkon (“to own”), but more plausibly, from anak (“child, relative”) through anakon. Compare Tagalog pamangkin.

a nephew or niece; the child of one's sibling or sibling-in-law

pag-umangkon sa panag-agawan
pag-umangkon sa panag-agawan#Cebuano

Short for pag-umangkon sa panag-agawan (“child of one's cousin”).


hawob

(traditional medicine) to heat leaves over a flame to make them pliable for use as a poultice


hampol

to apply a poultice; to treat with a poultice


hampol

a poultice; a soft, moist mass of material, typically of plant material or flour, applied topically to the body to relieve soreness and inflammation and kept in place with a cloth; wilted or softened leaves used to cover a wound


layas

From Proto-Philippine *layas (“to desert or leave a place”).


kahumayan

a field where rice is grown; a ricefield; a rice paddy


sweldo

Borrowed from Spanish sueldo, from Latin solidus (“gold coin”).


sweldo

to issue wages; to pay an employee's salary or wage


payag

a small crude shelter; a hovel; a cottage; a hut


sugilambong

Blend of sugilanon + limbong, coined by Uldarico A. Alviola.


Daghangkahoy

(obsolete) February; the second month of the Gregorian calendar, following January and preceding March


Kiling

(obsolete) April; the fourth month of the Gregorian calendar, following March and preceding May


Daghangbulan

(obsolete) March; the third month of the Gregorian calendar, following February and preceding April


Hidapdapon

(obsolete) July; the seventh month of the Gregorian calendar, following June and preceding August


Kabay

(obsolete) June; the sixth month of the Gregorian calendar, following May and preceding July


Lubadlubad

(obsolete) August; the eighth month of the Gregorian calendar, following July and preceding September


Kangurulsol

ceb-head

Kangurulsol (Badlit spelling ᜃᜅᜓᜇᜓᜎ᜔ᜐᜓᜎ᜔)


Panglot nga Dako

(obsolete) December; the twelfth and last month of the Gregorian calendar, following November and preceding the January of the following year


Panglot nga Diyotay

(obsolete) November; the eleventh month of the Gregorian calendar, following October and preceding December


Himabuyan

(obsolete) May; the fifth month of the Gregorian calendar, following April and preceding June


diwanag

(obsolete) an inspiration; a person, object, or situation which quickens or stimulates an influence upon the intellect, emotions or creativity


kapulongan

pulong + ka- -an. Coinage claimed by Uldarico Alviola.


sugilandong

[s̪ʊ.ɡɪ.l̪ɐn̪ˈd̪oŋ]

Blend of sugilanon + landong, coined by Uldarico A. Alviola.

story or anecdote, often of religious content, that will make one think and ponder


sugilagming

[s̪ʊ.ɡɪ.l̪ɐɡˈmiŋ]

Blend of sugilanon + gagming, coined by Uldarico A. Alviola.


sugilanon

From sugid + -an + -on. Coined by Uldarico A. Alviola.


lugaynan

[l̪ʊ.ɡɐɪ̯ˈn̪an̪]


kamagong

→ Spanish: camagón
→ English: camagon

Diospyros blancoi
Diospyros blancoi#Translingual

Diospyros blancoi; a persimmon tree from the Philippine Islands, now introduced into the East and West Indies


prangka

frank; honest, especially in a manner that seems slightly blunt; candid; straightforward; not reserved or disguised


apilapilon

someone who interferes with others; one who is nosy, intrusive or meddlesome; a busybody; a meddler


apilapilon

characterised or marked by meddling; inclined or having a tendency to meddle or interfere in other people's business; meddlesome


apilapilon

to drag someone into something; to involve


kulililsing hari

a parlor game where players, in character, deliver improvised verses; it is usually played in a wake


sadugan

a tree of species Garcinia cowa, of the family Clusiaceae


plastar

to put something in place; to put something in its proper place


agtang

the forehead; the part of the face above the eyebrows and below the hairline


bantay hari

in bato lata; an it who would rather keep a tight watch on the can than chase and catch other players


Tarsan

From English Tarzan. A name created by Edgar Rice Burroughs.

Tarzan; a heroic fictional character, raised in the jungle by apes


tarsan

(of a man) to be in briefs or a skimpy swimwear, e.g., a speedo, in public


balay ni Tarzan

a figure, likened to a house or tree house, formed using a rubber band


brip ni Tarzan

a triangular figure formed using a rubber band


ulo sa Voltes V

Literally, “the Voltes V's head”. Named after the robot in the anime Chōdenji Machine Voltes V.

a figure, likened to the Voltes V's head, formed using a rubber band


ulo ni Voltes V

Literally, “Voltes V's head”. Named after the robot in the anime Chōdenji Machine Voltes V.


dunggoanan

[d̪ʊŋ.ɡoˈʔa.n̪ɐn̪]


panglakaw

(clothing) worn outside the home; usually considered presentable or stylish to be worn in public, e.g., to school, to the office, to church, to the mall or to a party


pang-uran

(clothing) worn at home or around the neighborhood

(clothing) worn when doing physical or manual work


agawon

dialectal form of agalon (“master, boss”)


sira-sira store

(humorous, often derogatory) a sari-sari store with limited merchandise (see usage notes)


agaw

Uncertain. Might be related to agaw (“snatch, take away, usurp”); compare etymology of igsuon (“sibling”). The third sense may have been influenced by dialectal agawon (“boss, supervisor”).

a form of address to a cousin, regardless if related by blood or through marriage

an amiable form of address to a stranger


agaw

From Proto-Austronesian *qaʀaw (“snatch, take away, usurp”). Compare Kapampangan ayo, Bikol Central agaw, Tagalog agaw, and Maranao agaw.

inh

to take away from someone's possession; to usurp


Cefilis

Blend of Cebuano + Filipino + English. Originally a pun of syphilis.

a code-switching between English, Cebuano and Filipino


Timoy

From Timothy + -oy, diminutive of English Timothy, from Middle French Timothée, from Latin Timotheus, from Ancient Greek Τιμόθεος (Timótheos), from τιμάω (timáō, “I honour”) + θεός (theós, “god”). Also a diminutive of Timoteo.

a diminutive of the male given names Timoteo or Timothy


Iko

From Francisco. Compare Isko. Also a cebuanized form of Ike, a diminutive of Isaac.

a diminutive of the male given name Francisco

(uncommon) a diminutive of the male given names Francis or Ike


An-an

Reduplication of Ann, from English Anne, Ann. Also from Ana.

a diminutive of the female given names Ann, Anna, or Annabelle

(less commonly) a diminutive of the female given names Joan, Joanne, or Mary Ann


Tonton

From English Tony, Anthony. Also from Antonio, Antonyo, from Spanish Antonio, from Latin Antonius, from Ancient Greek Ἄντων (Ántōn), a son of Heracles.

a diminutive of the male given names Tony, Anthony, or Antonio


titing

a familiar form of address for a boy or young man


ngadto

towards the front or from the front; forward

yonder; in a distant, indicated place; over there


dodong

(familiar) Term of address for a boy or young man


dinhi

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *di-ni, from *di + *-ni, from Proto-Austronesian *ni. Related to kani (“this”), kanhi (“in former times”), nganhi (“hither”), and anhi (“to come”), in a similar pattern with other Cebuano demonstrative pronouns. Compare dialectal Tagalog dini.

here (place near both the speaker and the listener)

(colloquial) here (place closer to speaker than listener)


kargadeburo

a card game, similar to burro, where players try to get rid of cards by following suit


kargaburo

[kɐɾ̪.ɡɐˈbu.ɾ̪o]


tigso

the speckled reed warbler (Acrocephalus sorghophilus)


slipper game

a game similar to baseball or kickball, where players kick flip-flops


ten twenty

a variant of the Chinese jump rope where players jump over or step on a Chinese garter, that has been tied into a circle, while counting to one hundred in increments of ten


lupa langit

a variation of hot lava where an it would chase players who step on the ground


ulingay

a wager in card games where losers are punished by having their faces smeared with powdered charcoal


Chinese garter

Chinese garter; Chinese jump rope (long narrow rubber garter band strip)

(playground games) Chinese garter; Chinese jump rope (game)


kabuhi

an illness characterized by dizziness, nausea, chills and symptoms similar to hyperacidity, gripes, heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease


abli ang Gaisano

Literally, “the Gaisano is open”. After Metro Gaisano, one of the first department stores in Cebu.

(dated, humorous) having one's fly open (see usage notes)


tira hago

a rule in bato lata, that an it may invoke, that prevents players in the attacking line from tipping the can while the it is away chasing other players who have picked up their slippers


padidit

a sledding game using coconut palm fronds to slide downhill


tinabal

a preparation of fermented fish usually using parrotfish


kariling

(proscribed) Alternative spelling of kaliring


mulmol

a parrotfish; any of the about 95 species of fish traditionally classified in the family Scaridae, but now often considered subfamily Scarinae of the wrasse family (Labridae)


pongkan

Citrus poonensis; a hybrid citrus cultivar, with a large sweet fruit in the size of an orange, made from crossing a mandarin and a pomelo


tsoy

(slang) a term of address for a young man

a friend or casual acquaintance; a buddy; a mate


tsoy

cool; meeting a certain hip standard or garnering the approval of a certain peer group


patsoy-tsoy, way lamoy

Literally, “dressy, yet starving”. Originally used to describe luxurious teenagers whose parents may or may not be struggling to put food on the table.

cool and fashionable, especially when used in contempt or as a joke


kwakang

From Ellipsis of Insek kwakang baboy tikangkang (literally “Chinese (laborer), I work and pose like a pig!”) or Ellipsis of Insik wakang, kaon, kalibang (literally “Chinese (laborer), I work, eat, and shit!”), which were old derogatory visayan limericks repeatedly sang by children on the streets during the late 1800s. The word itself in the limericks is originally borrowed from Hokkien 我工 (guá kang, “I work”). The first letter might be influenced from the last letter of Insik from the limericks. Compare with Tagalog beho.

ellipsis

(ethnic slur, slang, derogatory, offensive) Expression used to tease Chinese people or Filipinos of Chinese descent.


kwakang

(offensive, ethnic slur) a person with Chinese-like facial features; a Chinese person or Filipino of Chinese descent


Insek kwakang

From ellipsis of earlier limericks, such as Insik wakang, kaon, kalibang (literally “Chinese (laborer), I work, eat, and shit!”) or Insek kwakang baboy tikangkang (literally “Chinese (laborer), I work and pose like a pig!”), which were old racist derogatory visayan limericks repeatedly sang by children on the streets during the late 1800s, when opium dens were rampant and many overseas Chinese migrants worked as low-wage laborers. The words themselves are Insik (“Chinese”) + wakang (“ethnic slur expression used to tease Chinese”), both deriving from Hokkien 引叔 (ín-chek, “uncle”) and Hokkien 我工 (guá kang, “I work”) or 我空 (óa-khàng!, “my heavens!; OMG!; wow! (expletive)”).

(ethnic slur, slang, derogatory, offensive) A limerick used to tease or insult a Chinese person or Filipinos of Chinese descent.


Insek kwakang baboy tikangkang

Insek kwákang (canonical)
baboy tikangkang! (canonical)

[ˌʔin̪.s̪ek ˌkwɐ.kɐŋ ˌba.boɪ̯ t̪ɪˈkaŋ.kɐŋ]

Coolie
History of the Philippines (1565–1898)

From Insik (“Chinese”) + wakang (“ethnic slur expression used to tease Chinese”) + baboy (“pig”) + tikangkang (“to fall or lie down with the legs raised”).
Literally, “Chinese (laborer), pig (with) legs up in the air!”. Also rhyming as a doggerel. Likely used during the late 1800s in the Late Spanish Colonial Era in the Philippines, when opium dens were rampant and many overseas Chinese migrants worked as low-wage laborers. Compare with Cebuano Insik wakang, kaon, kalibang!, Tagalog Intsik beho, tulo laway!

lit

(ethnic slur, slang, derogatory, offensive, dated) A doggerel used to tease or insult a Chinese person or Filipinos of Chinese descent.


Insek kwakang baboy tikangkang

Insek kwákang (canonical)
baboy tikangkang (canonical)

Chinese (laborer), pig (with) legs up in the air, eat and shit!

Insik wakang, baboy tikangkang, kaon, kalibang!


batikulon

a portion of the esophagus of either a bird or an annelid that contains ingested grit and is used to grind up ingested food before it is transferred to the stomach; the gizzard


dunggan

[ˈd̪uŋ.ɡɐn̪]

(dialectal, Metro Cebu) Alternative form of dalunggan


bukog

the rachis and petiolule of the leaf of the horseradish tree


bukog

to be pierced by a fishbone; to have fishbone stuck in the mouth or throat


tilok

to run dry; to run out; to be fully consumed


dalunggan

[d̪ɐ.l̪ʊŋˈɡan̪]

[d̪ɐwŋˈɡan̪]

First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522..
From dungog + -l- + -an.

Pigafetta

ear-like projections on the end of sacks formed when the mouth of the sack is tied up


tayming

timely; happening or appearing at the proper time; opportune

on time; punctual or according to schedule


dugso

(humorous, of a drunk) to sleep with one's vomit


sangka

(historical) tooth-filing practiced in pre-colonial Visayas


sangka

to compete; to take part in a contest, game or similar event


pashnea

From pashnea (“animal!”). From Enchanta, a fictional language of the TV series Encantadia.

(informal) an expression of anger, dismissal, or contempt


sangga

to side; to ally oneself, be in an alliance

to support; to provide support in order to prevent something being carried from falling

to pool; to put together; contribute to a common fund, on the basis of a mutual division of profits or losses


kalihokan

an action; something done so as to accomplish a purpose

an activity; something done as an action or a movement

an occurrence; something that happens; an event

physical motion between points in space; a movement


linihokan

conduct; the manner of guiding or carrying oneself; personal deportment; mode of action; behavior

a method or manner of doing something; a mannerism; a way


lihok

to function; to carry on a function; to be in action


lakang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lakaj, compare Tagalog lakad.


lakang

step (something done so as to accomplish a purpose)


Yu

From Hokkien 楊／杨 (Iûⁿ). Compare Singaporean & Malaysian English Yeoh.

a Chinese Filipino surname from Hokkien, the 26th most common in the Philippines


murag nasunogan

Literally, “like one got their house burned down”.

lit

(often offensive, humorous, of an attractive man or woman) having an ugly romantic partner


murag nakadaog sa lotto

(often offensive, humorous, of an ugly man or woman) having a good-looking romantic partner


yayong

to help or assist someone in carrying a single heavy load


sip-it

to force into a narrow gap; to wedge; to sandwich

to hold or carry by tucking under one's arm


alerdyi

From English allergy, from German Allergie. Coined by Austrian pediatrician Clemens von Pirquet in 1906 from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work, activity”), on the model of Energie.

(pathology, immunology) a disorder of the immune system causing adverse reactions to substances (allergens) not harmful to most and marked by the body's production of histamines and associated with atopy, anaphylaxis, and asthma

(pathology) any condition of hypersensitivity to a substance

altered susceptibility to a first treatment as exhibited in reaction to a subsequent one

an antipathy, as toward a person or activity


enerdyi

From English energy, from Middle French énergie, from Late Latin energia, from Ancient Greek ἐνέργεια (enérgeia, “action, act, work”), from ἐνεργός (energós, “active”), from ἐν (en, “in”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”).

der

the impetus behind all motion and all activity

(physics) a quantity that denotes the ability to do work and is measured in a unit dimensioned in mass × distance²/time² (ML²/T²) or the equivalent

enthusiasm; intensity of feeling; excited interest or eagerness


pamilyado

From pamilya + -ado, a calque of English familied.


bold star

(sometimes derogatory) an actor or actress who appear mainly in bold films


tabaw

the white-flowered black mangrove (Lumnitzera racemosa)


sipres

[s̪ɪˈpɾ̪is̪]

a cypress tree; any member of the family Cupressaceae, especially the genera Cupressus and Chamaecyparis


lanay

being in a liquid state as a result of melting; melted


enter hago

a rule in games where joiners are automatically relegated as it


undang dukol

a rule in games where a quitter is smacked or knocked in the head, by the other players, before he or she is allowed to leave the game


laygit

From English ligate, from Latin ligātus, perfect passive participle of ligō (“I bind”).

to undergo a tubal ligation; to have one's Fallopian tubes tied or severed


iring gilaygit

the random cat you hear caterwauling at night


sungkol

the harlequin glory bower (Clerodendrum trichotomum)


kamwa

the articulate harp shell (Harpa articularis)


tunaw

[ˈt̪u.n̪ɐʊ̯]

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *túnaw, with root *-naw₂ (“melt, liquefy”). Cognate with Bikol Central, Ilocano & Tagalog tunaw; Maranao tonaw, and Sangir matuno.


sinina

[s̪ɪˈn̪i.n̪ɐʔ]

From Spanish chinina (“colonial Chinese-style blouse or shirt”).

bor

top (item of clothing that covers at least the chest, but which usually covers most of the upper human body between the neck and the waistline)


sinina

[s̪ɪˈn̪i.n̪ɐʔ]

to put on some clothes, especially a top


pantok

the Palawan stink badger (Mydaus marchei)


tabad

From Tagbanwa, Central Tagbanwa, Calamian Tagbanwa tabad.


buwanon

moody; given to sudden or frequent changes of mind; temperamental


tandaytanday

a game where players take turns throwing rubber bands forwards from a throwing line; if a player lands his or her rubber band on top of another player's rubber band, he or she gets to keep it


floweran

(mahjong) the pile where a replacement tile is drawn after declaring a flower


nigo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *niʀu, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀinu. Compare Malay nyiru.


Dalisay

From dalisay, both from Cebuano and Tagalog.


basehan

to give as its foundation or starting point; to lay the foundation of; to base


silahis

(offensive) bisexual; sexually attracted to both men and women


silahis

(offensive) a bisexual person; especially one who is closeted


paganda

an advertisement; especially a TV commercial


tag-anay paganda

a game where players guess the product being advertised during a television commercial break


hawok

to kiss; to touch with the lips or press the lips against, usually to express love or affection or passion, or as part of a greeting

of two or more people, to touch each other's lips together, usually to express love or affection or passion; to kiss; to kiss each other


libaong

a pothole; a shallow pit or other edged depression in a road's surface, especially when caused by kerosion by weather or traffic


halok

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hajek, from Proto-Austronesian *Sajək (“to smell”).


sagat

Pterocarpus indicus
Pterocarpus indicus#Translingual


binalaki

From lalaki. Compare binabaye, linaki and pinalalaki.


tuloy

the Indian oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps); a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sardinella


carabao English

(derogatory) of the English language, poorly spoken or ill-written


paril

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish pared. Compare Tagalog pader.

bor+

stone or concrete wall or perimeter fence


paril

to enclose or separate with a concrete wall or fence


hikay

to prepare; to make ready for a specific future purpose; to set up; to assemble

to make ready for eating or drinking; to cook


hikay

a feast; a very large meal, often of a ceremonial nature


tampi

a ledge; a narrow horizontal surface projecting from a wall, cliff, or other surface

a bluff; a high, steep bank, for example by a river or the sea, or beside a ravine or plain; a cliff with a broad face


tampi

to be on a ledge; to walk or stand on a ledge


inasukaran

(of food or drink) covered, mixed, or sweetened with sugar; sugared


opaw

having no hair, fur or feathers
having no hair on the head


opaw

(sometimes offensive, often humorous) a baldhead; a person whose head is bald


salag

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaR.

inh+

a structure built by a bird as a place to incubate eggs and rear young

a place used by another mammal, fish, amphibian or insect, for depositing eggs and hatching young


kakha tuka

hand-to-mouth; involving immediate consumption (especially of food) with no provision for the future; having barely enough to survive, being close to poverty


kaluha

Analyzed as ka- + duha (“two”). Cognate with Tagalog kaluluwa (“soul”).


apapangig

(anatomy) the jaw; the part of the face below the mouth


alingagngag

[ɐ.lɪ.ˈŋʌɡ.ŋʌɡ]


gahapon

yesterday; the day immediately before today; one day ago


Ronda

Named after Ronda, a village in Malaga. The town owes its name to Celtic Arunda of uncertain meaning.


bingga

a takyan kick similar to a soccer in-step kick, usually used as a final strike as opposed to a volley


sagbay

to hang; to cause something to be suspended, as from a hook, hanger or the like


duol sa luwag

friends in high places
friends in high places


sagbay luwag

a coconut fruit with a maturity between a dalinog and a butong


walay buot

[ˌwa.l̪ɐɪ̯ bʊˈʔot̪]

[ˌwaɪ̯ bʊˈʔot̪]

walay + buot, literally “without minding; without decorum”

compound

ill-mannered, mischievous; having improper social conduct

katong wala pa kay buot


sapisapi

the pugnose ponyfish (Secutor insidiator)


tangkig

the little file snake (Acrochordus granulatus); a completely aquatic snake species that is nearly helpless on land


paraw

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀaqu. Compare Central Dusun padau, Malay perahu, Maori wharau and Tongan folau.


yutyot

the giant bushy-tailed cloud rat (Crateromys schadenbergi)


tugot

Compare Bikol Central tugot and Hiligaynon tugot.


tugot

to release more string in order for the kite to fly higher


ikog sa pagi

tail of a stingray, dried and used as a whip, often believed as a weapon that could wound an ungo


Bendita sa Lukay

Short for Dominggo sa pagbendita sa lukay (“Sunday of the blessing of palm fronds”).


Domingo sa Ramos

Dominggo de Ramos
Dominggo de Ramos#Cebuano


Miyerkoles sa Badlis

ceb-proper noun

Miyérkolés sa Badlís (Badlit spelling ᜋᜒᜌᜒᜇ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ ᜐ ᜊᜇ᜔ᜎᜒᜐ᜔)


Sabado de Gloria

(Christianity, rare) Black Saturday; Holy Saturday


isip

From Proto-Philippine *ísip (“thinking; thoughts; opinion”). Compare Aklanon isip, Bikol Central isip, Tagalog isip, and Western Bukidnon Manobo isip.


Sugat

a procession, held at dawn of Easter Sunday, depicting the first meeting of the Virgin Mary and Christ after Christ's resurrection


Visita Iglesia

(Christianity) Seven Churches Visitation; a pious Roman Catholic Lenten tradition to visit seven churches on the evening of Maundy Thursday


Siete Palabras

(Christianity) a radio or television program where speakers reflect on the Seven Last Words from the Cross (see usage notes)


senakulo

Borrowed from Spanish cenáculo, from Latin cēnāculum (“dining room”), from cēna (“dinner”).

passion play (play depicting the Passion of Christ)


bakasi

the tiger reef-eel (Scuticaria tigrina); a moray eel found in coral reefs in the Pacific and Indian Oceans


indong

moray eel, any of various brightly colored marine eels of the family Muraenidae, of warm coastal waters


sili kulikot

Capsicum frutescens
Capsicum frutescens#Translingual

a wild cultivar of the Capsicum frutescens commonly found in the Philippines


sili atsal

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

Capsicum annuum; a species within the family Solanaceae

the fruit of this plant; a bell pepper, a capsicum


sisip

(historical) the act of closing or suturing an ear piercing


apple mango

a mango cultivar bearing large fruits with reddish skin


Lovely

Borrowed from English Lovely, from lovely.


tumutumo

to fabricate; to invent and form; to forge; to devise falsely


bus-aw

frequent urination and or an instense urge to urinate caused by sitting on a hot surface or by peeing on a fire


puros kamaguwangan

(of a woman) having multiple children all by different men

(of a man) having multiple children all by different women


komedya

to perform a practical joke on; to trick


San Miguel

(biblical) Michael, an archangel associated with defending Israel in the tribulation


komedyante

ceb-noun

komedyante (Badlit spelling ᜃᜓᜋᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)


bwisitor

an unwelcome visitor; especially an annoying one


anak sa liking kawayan

Literally, “child of the split bamboo culm”. Probably from several Philippine origin stories similar to Si Malakas at si Maganda whose titular characters emerged when a bird accidentally split a bamboo culm.

lit

(idiomatic) an illegitimate child; a child born out of wedlock

(by extension) a child of unknown origin; an orphan


haplas

a liniment; a topical medical preparation intended to be rubbed into the skin with friction, as for example to relieve symptoms of arthritis

a salve; an ointment, cream, or balm with soothing, healing, or calming effects


kulkog

Ayaw ikulkog ang imong tudlo sa imong ilong.

to insert something slender into an opening big enough for it and work it around

to finger (use the fingers to penetrate and sexually stimulate one's own or another person's vagina or anus); to fingerbang


adobaw

a dish in which meat or liver is slowly cooked in a sauce including soy sauce, vinegar, garlic and onions


humba

From Hokkien 封肉 (hong-bah, “braised meat”).

a dish similar to adobo but is sweeter and fattier, usually made using fried pork belly cooked in a sauce including garlic, onions, fermented black beans, spring onions, brown sugar, pepper corns, bay leaves, soy sauce and lemon-lime soft drink or pineapple juice

(often offensive, humorous) a fat person


parting laaya

party + laay, from pwerteng laaya (“very boring”).


Bago

A barangay of Asturias, Cebu, Philippines


Bago

From English Bago, from Burmese ပဲခူး (pai:hku:).


pangasi

a traditional farming ritual for an abundant harvest

a wine made by allowing a mixture of milled rice, water, ginger and chili to ferment


talisay

Compare magtalisay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *talisay.

Terminalia catappa
Terminalia catappa#Translingual

a Malabar almond tree (Terminalia catappa); a large tropical tree in the leadwood tree family, Combretaceae


dapdap

the Indian coral tree (Erythrina variegata)


Alfaro

a surname from Spanish, the 503rd most common surname in the Philippines


Bautista

[bɐʊ̯ˈt̪is̪.t̪ɐ]


Caballero

From Spanish Caballero. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a common surname from Spanish, most prevalent in Cebu province


Pulido

a surname from Spanish, the 509th most common in the Philippines


Cornejo

a surname from Spanish, the 750th most common in the Philippines


Polanco

Named after Juan Polanco, a Spanish missionary.

Zamboanga del Norte
Zamboanga del Norte#English

A municipality of Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines


Barrientos

From Spanish Barrientos. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Espino

Compare Espina. From Spanish Espino, from Catalan Espino.


Salcedo

From Spanish Salcedo. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, common in Misamis Oriental


Sarmiento

a surname from Spanish, the 25th most common in the Philippines


Soriano

From Spanish, from soriano (“demonym for people living in Soria”).


Vergara

Borrowed from Spanish Vergara, from Basque Bergara.


Arellano

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Basque]

Arellano (a municipality of Navarre, Spain)


Cuevas

Borrowed from Spanish Cuevas. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, common in Negros Oriental


Tamayo

Borrowed from Spanish Tamayo, from Basque.


kubyertos

From Spanish cubiertos, plural of cubierto, from cubrir.

cutlery; a collective ensemble of eating and serving utensils such as knives, forks and spoons


masahista

a person who performs a massage; a masseuse or masseur


Carreon

From Spanish Carreón. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, most concentrated in Cebu and Davao del Sur


Santillan

From Spanish Santillán, from Asturian Santillán. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Asturian], mostly found in Cebu


Concepcion

any of a number of places, including Concepcion, Romblon


Baltazar

[bɐl̪.t̪ɐˈs̪aɾ̪]

Balthazar (one of the possible names of the Magi)

a surname from Spanish, the 125th most common in the Philippines


dug-ab

to cause someone (such as a baby) to burp


huy-ab

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huyeʔab, from Proto-Austronesian *Suyeʔab


hulay

a respite; a brief interval of rest or relief


Manzano

From Spanish Manzano, from manzano (“apple tree”). Surname originating from Badajoz province, Extremadura, Spain. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Manzano, mostly concentrated in Misamis Oriental (also among Ilocano and Tagalog settlers and descendants in the province)


Ruedas

From Spanish Ruedas. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, mostly found in Cebu


Sarabia

a surname from Basque, the 694th most common surname in the Philippines


Melgar

From Spanish Melgar. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Tolentino

From Spanish, after St. Nicholas of Tolentino (San Nicolás de Tolentino), from Tolentino in Italy.


Encarnacion

From Spanish Encarnación, a reference to the Incarnation.

a Christian surname from Spanish, the 261st most common surname in the Philippines


kinto

to tiptoe; to walk quietly with on the tips of the toes touching the ground


kinto

From Spanish quinto, from Latin quintus.


hantakan

to lie around or sleep some place other than one's bedroom especially around or during one's bedtime


hantakan

the board or table used in a game of hantak

the place where a game of hantak is played


Medellin

The municipality and city are both named after Medellín, Spain.

Medellín (a village in Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain)

Medellín; the second largest city of Colombia


lahing

a mature coconut fruit but still green on the outside


tsong koyla

Mishearing of the first line of the Yoyoy Villame song Butse Kik.

(offensive, ethnic slur) mimicking Chinese speech