-able

ca-adj

-able m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -ables)


-um

From Latin -ūmen (action noun suffix), an extended form of -men.

greix (“grease”) + -um → greixum (“grime, grunge”)

pixar (“to piss”) + -um → pixum (“piss, urine”)

used to form nouns, usually with a collective and pejorative connotation


-est

Used to form the second person plural preterite indicative of second conjugation verbs


-ona

ca-noun

-ona f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ones, masculine -ó)

Maria + -ona → Mariona


-é

ca-adj

-é (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ena, masculine plural -ens, feminine plural -enes)

-ena (feminine)
-ens (masculine plural)
-enes (feminine plural)


-gon

ca-noun

-gon m (noun-forming suffix, plural -gons)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γωνία (gōnía).


-itis

ca-noun

-itis f (noun-forming suffix, invariable)

From New Latin -ītis, from Ancient Greek -ῖτις (-îtis).


-er

-er m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ers)

Inherited from Latin -ārius. Compare the borrowed doublet -ari.

vespa (“wasp”) + -er → vesper (“wasp nest”)

forms nouns meaning the location or object where something is usually found

garrofa (“carob”) + -er → garrofer (“carob tree”)

forms nouns meaning a plant which is cultivated to produce something

tovallola (“towel”) + -er → tovalloler (“towel rail”)

forms nouns meaning the purpose of something or an object used for that purpose


-er

ca-adj

-er (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -era, masculine plural -ers, feminine plural -eres)

-era (feminine)
-ers (masculine plural)
-eres (feminine plural)

Brasil (“Brazil”) + -er → brasiler (“Brazilian”)

forms nouns and adjectives referring to an inhabitant of somewhere

camió (“truck”) + -er → camioner (“truck driver”)

forms nouns and adjectives referring to engaging in a profession

mentida (“lie”) + -er → mentider (“liar, deceptive”)

forms nouns and adjectives referring to being prone to some activity or characteristic

llet (“milk”) + -er → lleter (“milk [relational adjective], dairy”)

pel·lícula (“film”) + -er → pel·liculer (“film [relational adjective], filmic, cinematic”)


-or

ca-noun

-or f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ors)

blanc (“white”) + -or → blancor (“whiteness”)

buit (“empty”) + -or → buidor (“emptiness”)

used to create abstract nouns from adjectives; -ness


-cida

-cida m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -cides)

Borrowed from Latin -cīda, from the base of caedō (“to cut, strike, kill”).

-cide (denoting a person or substance that kills)


-cida

ca-adj

-cida m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -cides)


-ible

-ible m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -ibles)


-al

-al m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -als)

estructura (“structure”) + -al → estructural (“structural”)


-ar

-ar m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -ars)

Inherited from Latin -āris (“of, pertaining to”).

inh+

-ar; forms adjectives of one form indicating that the noun that is modified by the adjective is pertaining to the root word used to form the adjective


-ar

ca-noun

-ar m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ars)

taronger (“orange tree”) + -ar → tarongerar (“orange grove”)

forms nouns indicating where a given crop is grown

canyís (“common reed”) + -ar → canyissar (“reed bed”)

forms nouns indicating where something is usually found


-ar

ca-verb

-ar (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -í, past participle -at)

-o (first-person present singular)
-í (first-person preterite singular)
-at (participle past)
-ar (infinitive)
-ant (gerund)
-at (masculine participle past singular)
-ada (feminine participle past singular)
-ats (masculine participle past plural)
-ades (feminine participle past plural)
-o (indicative present singular)
-es (indicative present second-person singular)
-a (indicative present singular)
-em (indicative plural present)
-eu (indicative plural present)
-en (indicative plural present)
-ava (imperfect indicative singular)
-aves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-àvem (imperfect indicative plural)
-àveu (imperfect indicative plural)
-aven (imperfect indicative plural)
-aré (future indicative singular)
-aràs (future indicative second-person singular)
-arà (future indicative singular)
-arem (future indicative plural)
-areu (future indicative plural)
-aran (future indicative plural)
-í (indicative preterite singular)
-ares (indicative preterite second-person singular)
-à (indicative preterite singular)
-àrem (indicative plural preterite)
-àreu (indicative plural preterite)
-aren (indicative plural preterite)
-aria (conditional indicative singular)
-aries (conditional indicative second-person singular)
-aríem (conditional indicative plural)
-aríeu (conditional indicative plural)
-arien (conditional indicative plural)
-i (present singular subjunctive)
-is (present second-person singular subjunctive)
-em (plural present subjunctive)
-eu (plural present subjunctive)
-in (plural present subjunctive)
-és (imperfect singular subjunctive)
-essis (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-éssim (imperfect plural subjunctive)
-éssiu (imperfect plural subjunctive)
-essin (imperfect plural subjunctive)
-a (imperative positive second-person singular)
-i (imperative positive singular)
-em (imperative plural positive)
-eu (imperative plural positive)
-in (imperative plural positive)
no -is (imperative negative second-person singular)
no -i (imperative negative singular)
no -em (imperative negative plural)
no -eu (imperative negative plural)
no -in (imperative negative plural)

col·lecció (“collection”) + -ar → col·leccionar (“to collect”)

forms first conjugation verbs indicating an action related to the root word


-all

ca-noun

-all m (noun-forming suffix, plural -alls)

amagat + -all → amagatall

fregar + -all → fregall

indicates an object with which or a place where something is done

encetar + -all → encetall

branca + -all → brancall

indicates a collection or large number of something


-re

-re (infinitive)
-ent (gerund)
-ut (masculine participle past singular)
-uda (feminine participle past singular)
-uts (masculine participle past plural)
-udes (feminine participle past plural)
-o (indicative present singular)
-s (indicative present second-person singular)
-em (indicative plural present)
-eu (indicative plural present)
-en (indicative plural present)
-ia (imperfect indicative singular)
-ies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-íem (imperfect indicative plural)
-íeu (imperfect indicative plural)
-ien (imperfect indicative plural)
-ré (future indicative singular)
-ràs (future indicative second-person singular)
-rà (future indicative singular)
-rem (future indicative plural)
-reu (future indicative plural)
-ran (future indicative plural)
-í (indicative preterite singular)
-eres (indicative preterite second-person singular)
-é (indicative preterite singular)
-érem (indicative plural preterite)
-éreu (indicative plural preterite)
-eren (indicative plural preterite)
-ria (conditional indicative singular)
-ries (conditional indicative second-person singular)
-ríem (conditional indicative plural)
-ríeu (conditional indicative plural)
-rien (conditional indicative plural)
-i (present singular subjunctive)
-is (present second-person singular subjunctive)
-em (plural present subjunctive)
-eu (plural present subjunctive)
-in (plural present subjunctive)
-és (imperfect singular subjunctive)
-essis (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-éssim (imperfect plural subjunctive)
-éssiu (imperfect plural subjunctive)
-essin (imperfect plural subjunctive)
-i (imperative positive singular)
-em (imperative plural positive)
-eu (imperative plural positive)
-in (imperative plural positive)
no -is (imperative negative second-person singular)
no -i (imperative negative singular)
no -em (imperative negative plural)
no -eu (imperative negative plural)
no -in (imperative negative plural)


-ment

ràpida (“rapid”) + -ment → ràpidament (“rapidly”)

Attaches to an adjective in the feminine singular to form the corresponding adverb.


-ment

-ment m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ments)

patir (“to suffer”) + -ment → patiment (“suffering”)

Forms nouns from verbs, usually indicating a resulting action or state.


-ast

From -āvistī, combination of the first conjugation perfect infix -āv and the second person plural present perfect indicative ending -istī.

Used to form the second person singular preterite indicative of first-conjugation verbs


-ir

-ir (infinitive)
-int (gerund)
-it (masculine participle past singular)
-ida (feminine participle past singular)
-its (masculine participle past plural)
-ides (feminine participle past plural)
-eixo (indicative present singular)
-eixes (indicative present second-person singular)
-eix (indicative present singular)
-im (indicative plural present)
-iu (indicative plural present)
-eixen (indicative plural present)
-ia (imperfect indicative singular)
-ies (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-íem (imperfect indicative plural)
-íeu (imperfect indicative plural)
-ien (imperfect indicative plural)
-iré (future indicative singular)
-iràs (future indicative second-person singular)
-irà (future indicative singular)
-irem (future indicative plural)
-ireu (future indicative plural)
-iran (future indicative plural)
-í (indicative preterite singular)
-ires (indicative preterite second-person singular)
-írem (indicative plural preterite)
-íreu (indicative plural preterite)
-iren (indicative plural preterite)
-iria (conditional indicative singular)
-iries (conditional indicative second-person singular)
-iríem (conditional indicative plural)
-iríeu (conditional indicative plural)
-irien (conditional indicative plural)
-eixi (present singular subjunctive)
-eixis (present second-person singular subjunctive)
-im (plural present subjunctive)
-iu (plural present subjunctive)
-eixin (plural present subjunctive)
-ís (imperfect singular subjunctive)
-issis (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-íssim (imperfect plural subjunctive)
-íssiu (imperfect plural subjunctive)
-issin (imperfect plural subjunctive)
-eix (imperative positive second-person singular)
-eixi (imperative positive singular)
-im (imperative plural positive)
-iu (imperative plural positive)
-eixin (imperative plural positive)
no -eixis (imperative negative second-person singular)
no -eixi (imperative negative singular)
no -im (imperative negative plural)
no -iu (imperative negative plural)
no -eixin (imperative negative plural)

Inherited from Latin -īre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of fourth conjugation verbs, which merged with -ēscere, -īscere, from which come the -eix- infix.


-à

ca-adj

-à (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ana, masculine plural -ans, feminine plural -anes)

-ana (feminine)
-ans (masculine plural)
-anes (feminine plural)


-et

ca-noun

-et m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ets)

llaç (“knot, loop”) + -et → llacet (diminutive)

formatge (“cheese”) + -et → formatget (diminutive)

rei (“king”) + -et → reiet (diminutive)

roda (“wheel”) + -et → rodet (“reel, spool”)

forms diminutives or endearing variants of nouns


-et

ca-adj

-et (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -eta, masculine plural -ets, feminine plural -etes)

-eta (feminine)
-ets (masculine plural)
-etes (feminine plural)

poc (“little”) + -et → poquet (“very little”)

forms diminutives or endearing variants of adjectives


-ista

ca-noun

-ista m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -istes)

Borrowed from Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs).


-ol

-ol m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ols)


-ol

puig (“hill”) + -ol → pujol (“hillock”)

forms nouns indicating a type of something


-ina

-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ines)

joc m (“game”) + -ina → joguina f (“toy”)

mantell m (“cloak”) + -ina → mantellina f (“mantilla”)

taronja (“orange”) + -ina → taronjina (“orange blossom”)

sang (“blood”) + -ina → sanguina (“blood orange”)

moltó (“wether (castrated ram)”) + -ina → moltonina (“sheepskin”)

escopir (“to spit”) + -ina → escopina (“spit, saliva”)

forms names of plants, animals, tools, and other nouns related to a base noun or verb


-ina

-ine (used to form names of chemical substances)


-am

-am m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ams)

Inherited from Latin -āmen, variant of -men, a noun-forming suffix.

mosquit (“mosquito”) + -am → mosquitam (“swarm of mosquitos”)

trast (“piece of junk”) + -am → trastam (“junk”)

(often pejorative) indicates a collectivity


-dor

-dor m (noun-forming suffix, plural -dors, feminine -dora)

Inherited from Latin -tōrem, from Proto-Italic *-tōr, from Proto-Indo-European *-tōr < *-tor-s.

forms agent nouns and adjectives from verbs; the vowel of the infinitive is kept, i.e. -ador, -edor, -idor

llenya (“firewood”) + -dor → llenyador (“wood cutter”)

forms agent nouns from another noun associated with the action


-gen

-gen m (noun-forming suffix, plural -gens)

Borrowed from French -gène, from the Ancient Greek -γενής (-genḗs).


-gen

ca-adj

-gen (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -gena, masculine plural -gens, feminine plural -genes)

-gena (feminine)
-gens (masculine plural)
-genes (feminine plural)


-ic

-ic (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ica, masculine plural -ics, feminine plural -iques)

-ica (feminine)
-ics (masculine plural)
-iques (feminine plural)


-ic

ca-noun

-ic m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ics)


-ita

Borrowed from Latin -ītēs, from Ancient Greek -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs).

islam (“Islam”) + -ita → islamita (“Muslim”)

-ite forms nouns denoting followers or adherents of a specified person, idea, doctrine, movement, etc.

Vietnam (“Vietnam”) + -ita → vietnamita (“Vietnamese”)

quars (“quartz”) + -ita → quarsita (“quartzite”)


-ió

-ió f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ions)


-í

ca-adj

-í (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ina, masculine plural -ins, feminine plural -ines)

-ina (feminine)
-ins (masculine plural)
-ines (feminine plural)

mar (“sea”) + -í → marí (“marine”)

setembre (“September”) + -í → setembrí (“September [relational]”)

Bilbao (“Bilbao”) + -í → bilbaí (“Bilbaoan”)


-í

gavot (“razorbill auk”) + -í → gavotí (“auklet”)

corbata (“necktie”) + -í → corbatí (“bowtie”)

flauta (“flute”) + -í → flautí (“piccolo”)

teulada (“roof”) + -í → teuladí (“sparrow”)

garlanda (“garland”) + -í → garlandí (“Tricholoma caligatum (a large edible mushroom native to the Mediterranean)”)

ploma (“pen”) + -í → plomí (“nib”)

rampa (“ramp”) + -í → rampí (“rake”)

esfumar (“to soften, to fade”) + -í → esfumí (“stump (artist's tool)”)


-esc

-esc (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -esca, masculine plural -escs or -escos, feminine plural -esques)

-esca (feminine)
-escs (masculine plural)
-escos (masculine plural)
-esques (feminine plural)

(usually derogatory) -ic (relating or pertinent to)


-ó

castell (“castel”) + -ó → Castelló (“city in Valencia”)

mitja (“stocking”) + -ó → mitjó (“sock”)


-ó

-ó (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ona, masculine plural -ons, feminine plural -ones)

-ona (feminine)
-ons (masculine plural)
-ones (feminine plural)

petit + -ó → petitó


-isme

ca-noun

-isme m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ismes)


-aire

-aire m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -aires)

llenya (“firewood”) + -aire → llenyataire (“lumberjack”)

terrissa (“pottery”) + -aire → terrissaire (“potter”)

festa (“party”) + -aire → festaire (“partygoer”)

used to make nouns describing occupations from nouns


-aire

ca-adj

-aire m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -aires)

xerrar (“to chat”) + -aire → xerraire (“chatty”)

used to make adjectives describing interests or characteristics from verbs


-ia

ca-noun

-ia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ies)

covard (“coward”) + -ia → covardia (“cowardice”)

forms nouns, from adjectives, denoting states, conditions and qualities; -ness; -ity; -y; -hood

comptador (“accountant”) + -ia → comptadoria (“accounting”)

forms the names of offices or jobs; -ship

occità (“Occitan”) + -ia → Occitània (“Occitanie”)


-ura

-ura f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ures)

-ness (forms nouns of quality from adjectives)


-metre

-metre m (noun-forming suffix, plural -metres)


-illa

-illa f (noun-forming suffix, plural -illes)


-è

ca-adj

-è (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ena, masculine plural -ens, feminine plural -enes)

forms an ordinal number from a cardinal number


-fer

-fer (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -fera, masculine plural -fers, feminine plural -feres)

-fera (feminine)
-fers (masculine plural)
-feres (feminine plural)

una pedra plumbífera


-ares

The origin is unknown. This ending displaced -ast, the original second person singular preterite indicative first-conjugation ending, from Latin -āvistī, which in turn came from a combination of -āv- (the regular perfect infix for the first conjugation) and -istī (the second person singular present perfect active indicative ending).

Used to form the second person singular preterite of first-conjugation verbs.


-at

ca-pp

-at (past participle-forming suffix, feminine -ata, masculine plural -ats, feminine plural -ates)

participle-forming suffix (past)
-ata (feminine)
-ats (masculine plural)
-ates (feminine plural)

parlar (“to speak”) + -at → parlat (“spoken”)

forms the masculine singular past participle of verbs whose infinitives end in -ar


-at

ca-adj

-at (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ata, masculine plural -ats, feminine plural -ates)

-ata (feminine)
-ats (masculine plural)
-ates (feminine plural)

piga (“freckle”) + -at → pigat (“freckled”)

forms adjectives, from nouns, meaning “which contains the suffixed noun”


-at

ca-noun

-at m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ats)

almirall (“admiral”) + -at → almirallat (“admiralty”)

forms nouns, from the names of types of professionals, meaning the position of being that type of professional; -dom


-im

-im m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ims)

pols (“dust”) + -im → polsim (“fine dust, spray”)

pluja (“rain”) + -im → plugim (“drizzle”)

socarrar (“to burn”) + -im → socarrim (“burnt part of something”)

fotre (“to fuck; annoy”) + -im → fotim (“whippersnapper”)


-ola

-ola f (noun-forming suffix, plural -oles)


-és

ca-adj

-és (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -esa, masculine plural -esos, feminine plural -eses)

-esa (feminine)
-esos (masculine plural)
-eses (feminine plural)

(Valencia) Alternative spelling of -ès (“-ese”)


-és

ca-noun

-és m (noun-forming suffix, plural -esos, feminine -esa)


-leg

-leg m (noun-forming suffix, plural -legs, feminine -lega)


-logia

-logia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -logies)

Borrowed from Latin -logia, from Ancient Greek -λογία (-logía).


-idura

-idura f (noun-forming suffix, plural -idures)

florir (“to flourish”) + -idura → floridura (“mould, mildew”)

form of -dura used with -ir verbs to form nouns


-edura

-edura f (noun-forming suffix, plural -edures)

fendre (“to cleave”) + -edura → fenedura (“crack, crevice”)

form of -dura used with -er and -re verbs to form nouns


-adura

-adura f (noun-forming suffix, plural -adures)

trencar (“to break”) + -adura → trencadura (“rupture, hernia”)

form of -dura used with -ar verbs to form nouns

floc (“flock, tuft”) + -adura → flocadura (“decorative fringe”)


-dura

-dura f (noun-forming suffix, plural -dures)

forms nouns from verbs; the form used depends on the suffix of verb being appended: for -ar verbs use -adura, for -er and -re verbs -edura, and for -ir verbs -idura


-ador

-ador m (noun-forming suffix, plural -adors, feminine -adora)

forms agent nouns and adjectives from 1st conjugation verbs


-dora

-dora f (noun-forming suffix, plural -dores)


-era

-era f (noun-forming suffix, plural -eres)

Inherited from Latin -aria, feminine form of -arius.

sorra (“sand”) + -era → sorrera (“sandpit, sandbox”)

forms nouns meaning the location or object where something is usually found

oliva (“olive”) + -era → olivera (“olive tree”)

forms nouns meaning a plant which is cultivated to produce something

te (“tea”) + -era → tetera (“teapot”)

forms nouns meaning the purpose of something or an object used for that purpose


-era

ca-adj

-era m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -eres)

forms nouns and adjectives referring to an inhabitant of somewhere

forms nouns and adjectives referring to engaging in a profession

forms nouns and adjectives referring to being prone to some activity or characteristic


-era

pixar (“to piss”) + -era → pixera (“urge to piss”)

rialla (“laughter”) + -era → riallera (“urge to laugh”)

escriure (“to write”) + -era → escriguera (“urge to write”)

forms nouns from verbs or nouns meaning the desire to perform an action


-osi

ca-noun

-osi f (noun-forming suffix, plural -osis)


-patia

-patia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -paties)

From Ancient Greek πάθος (páthos, “suffering”) + -ia.


-èsim

ca-adj

-èsim (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -èsima, masculine plural -èsims, feminine plural -èsimes)

-èsima (feminine)
-èsims (masculine plural)
-èsimes (feminine plural)

Derived by analogy with centèsim (“hundredth”) and mil·lèsim (“thousandth”).

forms an ordinal number from miliò, biliò, ....


-ció

ca-noun

-ció f (noun-forming suffix, plural -cions)

Borrowed from Latin -tiōnem. Compare the inherited doublet -çó and -ó, found in words such as cançó, raó, lliçó etc.


-ot

-ot m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ots)

Inherited from Latin -ottus (“a kind of”).

inh+

peix (“fish”) + -ot → peixot (“large fish”)

peu (“foot”) + -ot → peuot

clatell (“nape”) + -ot → clatellot

cuixa (“thigh”) + -ot → cuixot (“ham”)

illa (“island”) + -ot → illot (“islet”)

ungla (“fingernail”) + -ot → unglot (“cloven hoof”)

forms a masculine noun from a feminine noun that is a particular type of the root

abella (“bee”) + -ot → abellot (“drone”)

merla (“blackbird”) + -ot → merlot (“male blackbird”)


-unè

ca-adj

-unè (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -unena, masculine plural -unens, feminine plural -unenes)

-unena (feminine)
-unens (masculine plural)
-unenes (feminine plural)


-nomia

ca-noun

-nomia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -nomies)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek νόμος (nómos).


-tat

-tat f (noun-forming suffix, plural -tats)


-ectomia

-ectomia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ectomies)

From the Ancient Greek -εκτομία (-ektomía, “a cutting out of”), from ἐκτέμνω (ektémnō, “to cut out”), from ἐκ (ek, “out”) + τέμνω (témnō, “to cut”).


-ella

ca-noun

-ella f (noun-forming suffix, plural -elles)

forms feminine noun from nouns, indicating a particular kind or class of the root; often, but not always, used to indicate a diminutive form


-metria

-metria f (noun-forming suffix, plural -metries)

Borrowed from Latin -metria, from Ancient Greek -μετρία (-metría), from μέτρον (métron, “measurement”) + -ια (-ia, “-y”, abstract noun formant).


-grafia

-grafia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -grafies)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -γραφίᾱ (-graphíā).


-forme

From Latin -fōrmis, from fōrma (“form”).


-eria

ca-noun

-eria f (noun-forming suffix, plural -eries)


-sfera

-sfera f (noun-forming suffix, plural -sferes)

From esfera, from Late Latin sphēra, from Latin sphaera (“ball, globe, celestial sphere”), from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “ball, globe”).


-itzar

ca-verb

-itzar (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -itzo, first-person singular preterite -itzí, past participle -itzat)

-itzo (first-person present singular)
-itzí (first-person preterite singular)
-itzat (participle past)

Borrowed from Late Latin -izāre. Doublet of -ejar, which was inherited.

urbà (“urban”) + -itzar → urbanitzar (“urbanize”)

added to the stem of a noun or adjective to form a verb meaning “to give something the character of” the root noun or adjective: -ize


-essa

ca-noun

-essa f (noun-forming suffix, plural -esses)

Inherited from Old Catalan -essa, from Latin -issa, from Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa).


-esa

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


-esa

Inherited from Latin -itia. Doublet of -ícia, a learned borrowing.

franc (“frank, free”) + -esa → franquesa (“frankness”)

forms nouns, from adjectives or nouns, denoting a quality or state; -ity; -ness


-esos

masculine plural of -ès (Valencian: -és)


-ès

ca-adj

-ès (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -esa, masculine plural -esos, feminine plural -eses)

Inherited from Latin -ēnsis (compare Occitan -és, Portuguese -ês, French -ais, Spanish -és, Italian -ese).

-ese; forms an adjective with the meaning of “pertinent thereto”


-ès

ca-noun

-ès m (noun-forming suffix, plural -esos, feminine -esa)

-ese; forms a noun with the meaning of “an inhabitant thereof”


-ès

-ès m (noun-forming suffix, uncountable)

-ese; forms a proper noun with the meaning of “the language used by the inhabitants thereof”


-ès

From -istis, the second person plural ending for the present perfect indicative ending.

Used to form the second person plural preterite indicative of second-conjugation verbs


-ós

ca-adj

-ós (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -osa, masculine plural -osos, feminine plural -oses)

-osa (feminine)
-osos (masculine plural)
-oses (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -ōsus. Compare Occitan -ós, French -eux, Spanish -oso.

greix (“grease”) + -ós → greixós (“greasy”)

dubte (“doubt”) + -ós → dubtós (“doubtful”)

verí (“poison”) + -ós → verinós (“poisonous”)


-atge

ca-noun

-atge m (noun-forming suffix, plural -atges)

Inherited from Latin -āticum. Compare Occitan -atge.

-age; a noun that means “a unspecified quantity of some noun”

-age, -ery; a noun that means “the state of being some noun”

-age, -ing; a noun that means “the action or effect of some verb”


-tomia

-tomia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -tomies)

From Ancient Greek τέμνω (témnō, “to cut”).


-ada

parlar (“to speak”) + -ada → parlada (“spoken”)

forms the feminine singular past participle of verbs ending in -ar


-ada

-ada f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ades)

gent (“people”) + -ada → gentada (“crowd”)

os (“bone”) + -ada → ossada (“skeleton”)

forms nouns signifying a collective or large quantity

boca (“boca”) + -ada → bocada (“mouthful”)

cistell (“basket”) + -ada → cistellada (“basketful”)

bastó (“stick”) + -ada → bastonada (“a hit with a stick”)

català (“Catalan”) + -ada → catalanada (“Catalanism”)

forms nouns signifying an action characteristic of someone or something

fiblar (“to sting”) + -ada → fiblada (“a sting”)

forms nouns signifying the effect of a verb

dia (“day”) + -ada → diada (“a specific day; a kind of day; holiday”)

calçot (“onion”) + -ada → calçotada (“the time when these onions are eaten”)

forms nouns signifying a time period, especially in relation to another


-pata

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πάθος (páthos, “suffering”).


-oide

ca-adj

-oide m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -oides)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek -οειδής (-oeidḗs), compound of -ο- (-o-, thematic vowel) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-id”, adjective-forming suffix denoting likeness), from εἶδος (eîdos, “form, shape”).

lbor

tifus (“typhus”) + -oide → tifoide (“typhoid”)

humà (“human”) + -oide → humanoide (“humanoid”)


-teca

From Latin -theca, from Ancient Greek θήκη (thḗkē, “case, scabbard”).


-ur

ca-noun

-ur m (noun-forming suffix, plural -urs)


-enc

Creta (“Crete”) + -enc → cretenc (“Cretan”)

used to create adjectives and nouns that denote demonyms

seda (“silk”) + -enc → sedenc (“silken; silky”)

used to create adjectives meaning "having the quality of"

abril (“April”) + -enc → abrilenc (“April [relational]”)

blau (“blue”) + -enc → blavenc (“blueish”)

febrós (“feverish”) + -enc → febrosenc (“lightly feverish”)

(especially colours) used to create diminutives of adjectives; -ish


-uc

ca-adj

-uc (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -uga, masculine plural -ucs, feminine plural -ugues)

-uga (feminine)
-ucs (masculine plural)
-ugues (feminine plural)

feix (“bundle”) + -uc → feixuc (“heavy”)

malastre (“disaster”) + -uc → malastruc (“jinxed”)


-itat

ca-noun

-itat f (noun-forming suffix, plural -itats)


-ació

-ació f (noun-forming suffix, plural -acions)


-ari

ca-adj

-ari (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ària, masculine plural -aris, feminine plural -àries)

-ària (feminine)
-aris (masculine plural)
-àries (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin -ārius. Doublet of -er.

revolució (“revolution”) + -ari → revolucionari (“revolutionary”)

forms adjectives, from nouns, meaning “of or related to the suffixed nouns”


-ejar

ca-verb

-ejar (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -ejo, first-person singular preterite -egí, past participle -ejat)

-ejo (first-person present singular)
-egí (first-person preterite singular)
-ejat (participle past)

Inherited from Late Latin -izāre. Doublet of -itzar, which was borrowed.


-íssim

ca-adj

-íssim (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -íssima, masculine plural -íssims, feminine plural -íssimes)

-íssima (feminine)
-íssims (masculine plural)
-íssimes (feminine plural)

absolute superlative
absolute superlative#English

forms the absolute superlative of adjectives


-ificar

Borrowed from Latin -ificāre, from faciō, facere (“make”).


-ís

-ís (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -issa, masculine plural -issos, feminine plural -isses)

-issa (feminine)
-issos (masculine plural)
-isses (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -īcius. Compare Spanish -izo, Italian -iccio. Doublet of -ici, a learned borrowing.

blau (“blue”) + -ís → blavís (“bluish”)

malalt (“sickness”) + -ís → malaltís (“sickly”)

forms adjectives from nouns and other adjectives usually denoting likeness; -ish, -y


-iu

-iu (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -iva, masculine plural -ius, feminine plural -ives)

-iva (feminine)
-ius (masculine plural)
-ives (feminine plural)

-ive; forms adjectives denoting characteristics or qualities


-triu

ca-noun

-triu f (noun-forming suffix, plural -trius)


-crata

-crata m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -crates)

Borrowed from French -crate, back-formed from adjectives ending in -cratique, ultimately from Ancient Greek κράτος (krátos, “might, strength”).


-cola

ca-adj

-cola m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -coles)

Borrowed from Latin -cola, from the verbal root of colō (“to till, cultivate, inhabit”).


-cola

ca-noun

-cola m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -coles)

inhabitant (forming nouns and adjectives)


-scopi

-scopi m (noun-forming suffix, plural -scopis)

Borrowed from Latin -scopium, from Ancient Greek σκοπέω (skopéō, “to look, look at, examine”).


-tori

ca-adj

-tori (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -tòria, masculine plural -toris, feminine plural -tòries)

-tòria (feminine)
-toris (masculine plural)
-tòries (feminine plural)

conservar (“to conserve”) + -tori → conservatori (“conservatory, conservatorial”)

discriminar (“to discriminate”) + -tori → discriminatori (“discriminatory”)

forms adjectives, usually from verbs; tends to indicate a relation to the action of the verb


-tori

ca-noun

-tori m (noun-forming suffix, plural -toris)

observar (“to observe”) + -tori → observatori (“observatory”)

conservar (“to conserve”) + -tori → conservatori (“conservatory, music school”)

forms nouns, usually from verbs; tends to indicate a place where the action of the verb occurs


-ança

-ança f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ances)

Inherited from Latin -antia. Doublet of -ància, a learned or semi-learned form.


-ícia

Borrowed from Latin -itia. Doublet of -esa, an inherited form.

brut (“filthy”) + -ícia → brutícia (“filth”)

forms nouns, from adjectives or nouns, denoting a quality or state; -ity; -ness


-fag

-fag m (noun-forming suffix, plural -fags)

Borrowed from Latin -phagus, from Ancient Greek φάγος (phágos, “glutton”), from φαγεῖν (phageîn, “to eat”).


-fag

ca-adj

-fag (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -faga, masculine plural -fags, feminine plural -fagues)

-faga (feminine)
-fags (masculine plural)
-fagues (feminine plural)


-eny

-eny (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -enya, masculine plural -enys, feminine plural -enyes)

-enya (feminine)
-enys (masculine plural)
-enyes (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -ignus. Compare Spanish -eño.

Madrid + -eny → madrileny (“from Madrid”)


-eny

ca-noun

-eny m (noun-forming suffix, plural -enys, feminine -enya)

Madrid + -eny → madrileny (“Madrileño, person from Madrid”)


-arca

-arca m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -arques)

Inherited from Late Latin -archa, from Latin -archēs, from Ancient Greek -άρχης (-árkhēs), from ἀρχή (arkhḗ, “rule”, “government”).


-issa

hortal (“walled garden”) + -issa → hortalissa (“vegetable”)

rave (“radish”) + -issa → ravenissa (“wild radish”)

mesclat (“jumbled”) + -issa → mescladissa (“hodgepodge”)

volat (“flown”) + -issa → voladissa (“flock”)


-cidi

-cidi m (noun-forming suffix, plural -cidis)

Borrowed from Latin -cīdium, from the base of caedō (“to cut, strike, kill”).


-ença

-ença f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ences)

Inherited from Latin -entia. Corresponds to -ència, a learned or semi-learned form.

-ence: forms deverbal nouns indicating a state or condition


-asa

-asa f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ases)

(biochemistry) -ase (used to form names of enzymes)


-arquia

-arquia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -arquies)

Borrowed from Latin -archia, from Ancient Greek -αρχίᾱ (-arkhíā), from ἀρχή (arkhḗ, “rule, government”).


-nauta

-nauta m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -nautes)


-ut

ca-adj

-ut (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -uta, masculine plural -uts, feminine plural -utes)

-uta (feminine)
-uts (masculine plural)
-utes (feminine plural)

forms the past participle of most second-conjugation verbs

forms adjectives from nouns that indicate an abundance


-aci

-aci (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -àcia, masculine plural -acis, feminine plural -àcies)

-àcia (feminine)
-acis (masculine plural)
-àcies (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin -āceus. Doublet of -às, which was inherited.

-aceous (belonging to a taxonomic family)


-fil

-fil (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -fila, masculine plural -fils, feminine plural -files)

-fila (feminine)
-fils (masculine plural)
-files (feminine plural)


-fon

Borrowed from Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).


-poli

ca-noun

-poli m (noun-forming suffix, plural -polis)

Derived, by analogy with monopolio (“monopoly”), from the root of Ancient Greek πωλέω (pōléō, “to sell”).


-eda

-eda f (noun-forming suffix, plural -edes)

Inherited from Latin -ēta, plural of -ētum.

llor (“laurel tree”) + -eda → lloreda (“laurel grove”)

roure (“oak tree”) + -eda → roureda (“oak grove”)

forms collectives, especially for plants


-às

-às m (noun-forming suffix, plural -asos, feminine -asa)

ca-adj

-às (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -asa, masculine plural -asos, feminine plural -ases)

-asos (plural)
-asa (feminine)
-asa (feminine)
-asos (masculine plural)
-ases (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -āceus. Doublet of -aci, which was borrowed.

forms augmentatives of nouns and adjectives


-às

From Latin -āvistis, combination of the perfect infix -āv and -istis.

Used to form the second person plural preterite indicative of first conjugation verbs


-scòpia

ca-noun

-scòpia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -scòpies)


-ària

-ària f (noun-forming suffix, plural -àries)


-fòbia

-fòbia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -fòbies)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -φοβία (-phobía).


-ià

ca-adj

-ià (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -iana, masculine plural -ians, feminine plural -ianes)

-iana (feminine)
-ians (masculine plural)
-ianes (feminine plural)


-cràcia

ca-noun

-cràcia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -cràcies)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -κρατία (-kratía), from κράτος (krátos, “power, rule”).


-cit

ca-noun

-cit m (noun-forming suffix, plural -cits)


-úria

-úria f (noun-forming suffix, plural -úries)

Borrowed from Latin -ūria, from Ancient Greek -ουρία (-ouría), from οὖρον (oûron, “urine”).


-úria

-ness; forms nouns of quality from adjectives, nouns, etc.


-egar

ca-verb

-egar (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -ego, first-person singular preterite -eguí, past participle -egat)

-ego (first-person present singular)
-eguí (first-person preterite singular)
-egat (participle past)

Inherited from Latin -icāre, analysable as -icus + -ō.


-ònim

ca-noun

-ònim m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ònims)

From Ancient Greek ὄνυμα (ónuma), Doric dialectal form of ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”).


-onímia

-onímia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -onímies)


-ívol

ca-adj

-ívol (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ívola, masculine plural -ívols, feminine plural -ívoles)

-ívola (feminine)
-ívols (masculine plural)
-ívoles (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -ibilis. Cognate with English -ible, but with a greater range of meaning.

pagès (“peasant”) + -ívol → pagesívol (“rustic”)

-y, -ic; derives adjectives from nouns denoting relatedness, similarity

menjar (“to eat”) + -ívol → mengívol (“edible”)

-ible, -able; derives adjectives from verbs denoting action, etc.


-fília

ca-noun

-fília f (noun-forming suffix, plural -fílies)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek φιλία (philía, “friendship, affection, love”).


-assa

feminine singular of -às (augmentative suffix)


-fit

ca-noun

-fit m (noun-forming suffix, plural -fits)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek φυτόν (phutón, “plant”).

bor+

geo- + -fit → geòfit


-fit

ca-adj

-fit (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -fita, masculine plural -fits, feminine plural -fites)

-fita (feminine)
-fits (masculine plural)
-fites (feminine plural)


-lecte

From Ancient Greek λέγειν (légein) or from λέξις (léxis).


-ència

ca-noun

-ència f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ències)

Borrowed from Latin -entia. Corresponds to the inherited form -ença.


-ància

-ància f (noun-forming suffix, plural -àncies)

Borrowed from Latin -antia. Doublet of -ança.


-vor

ca-adj

-vor (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -vora, masculine plural -vors, feminine plural -vores)

-vora (feminine)
-vors (masculine plural)
-vores (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin -vorus, from Latin vorāre (“to devour”).


-vor

ca-noun

-vor m (noun-forming suffix, plural -vors)


-fàgia

-fàgia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -fàgies)

Borrowed from Latin -phagia, from Ancient Greek -φαγία (-phagía), combining form of φαγεῖν (phageîn, “to eat”), infinitive aorist of ἐσθίω (esthíō, “to eat”).


-tècnia

-tècnia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -tècnies)

From Ancient Greek τέχνη (tékhnē, “craft, skill, art”) + -ia.


-gàmia

ca-noun

-gàmia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -gàmies)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -γᾰμῐ́ᾱ (-gamíā), from Ancient Greek γάμος (gámos, “marriage”).


-gènesi

ca-noun

-gènesi f (noun-forming suffix, plural -gènesis)

Borrowed from Latin genesis, from Ancient Greek γένεσις (génesis).

-genesis (forms nouns relating to source, origin)


-alla

From Latin -ālia, the neuter plural of -ālis. Cognate with French -aille, Italian -aglia.

fadrí (“youth, young man”) + -alla → fadrinalla (“young people”)

gent (“people”) + -alla → gentalla (“riffraff, rabble”)

used to create collective nouns, often pejorative

deixar (“to leave”) + -alla → deixalla (“relic, leftover”)

endevinar (“to guess”) + -alla → endevinalla (“riddle”)

forms feminine nouns indicating the means or result of an action


-teràpia

-teràpia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -teràpies)

From Ancient Greek θεραπεία (therapeía, “service, medical treatment”), from θεραπεύω (therapeúō, “to serve, treat medically”).


-eres

The origin is unknown. This ending displaced -est, which was derived from Latin -istī, the second person singular present perfect indicative.

Used to form the second person singular preterite indicative of second-conjugation verbs


-àreu

The origin is unknown. This ending replaced -às, which was the original second person plural ending for the preterite derived from Latin -āvistis, which in turn came from -istis added to the end of the perfect infix -āv-.


-éreu

The origin is unknown. This ending displaced -ès, the original second person plural ending for the preterite indicative, which originated from the Latin second person plural present perfect indicative ending, -istis.

Used to form the second person plural preterite indicative of second-conjugation verbs