Guatemala

Guatemala City (the capital city of Guatemala)


San Marino

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


Quebec

Quebec, Quebec City (the capital city of the province of Quebec, Canada)


Montreal

Montreal (an island on which is situated the largest city in Quebec, Canada)


Sydney

(uncountable) Sydney (a major port city, the state capital of New South Wales, Australia, and the most populous city in Australia)


Melbourne

Melbourne (the capital city of Victoria, Australia)


Salvador

Salvador (a municipality, the state capital of Bahia, Brazil)


Kuala Lumpur

Unadapted borrowing from Malay Kuala Lumpur.

ubor

Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur#English:_Q1865

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory, the capital and largest city of Malaysia, located in the western part of the country)


Amsterdam

Amsterdam (a city and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands; the capital city of the Netherlands)


Barcelona

From Iberian Barkeno, attested in an ancient coin inscription, found in Greek Βαρκινών (Barkinṓn) and Latin Barcino, Barcelo, and Barceno.

Barcelona (the capital city of Catalonia, Spain)


Glasgow

Glasgow (a major city and council area of Scotland, largest city in Scotland)


Jakarta

Unadapted borrowing from Indonesian Jakarta.

Jakarta (a province and capital city of Indonesia)


Jerusalem

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


Liverpool

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

Liverpool (a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England)


Montevideo

Montevideo (the capital city of Uruguay)


Orleans

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire#English

Orleans (a city in Centre-Val de Loire, France)


Oslo

Oslo (a county and municipality, the capital city of Norway)


Hamburg

Hamburg (the second-largest city in Germany)


Frankfurt

Frankfurt, Frankfurt-am-Main (the largest city in Hesse, in central Germany)


Tarragona

Tarragona (a city in Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain)


Tunis

Tunis (the capital city, since 1159, and largest city of Tunisia)


Verona

Verona (a city, the capital of the province of Verona, straddling the river Adige in Veneto, northern Italy)


Trento

Borrowed from Italian Trento, from Latin Tridentum (literally “three teeth”), named for the three hills that surround the city.

der

Trentino-Alto Adige
Trentino-Alto Adige#English

Trento (a city, the capital of the province of Trentino and the region of Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy)


Namur

Namur (the capital city of Namur, Belgium)


Bruges

Borrowed from French Bruges, from Old French, from Old Dutch Bruges, Bruggas, Brugias, probably from brugga (“bridge”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *brugjǭ.

Bruges (the capital city of West Flanders province, Belgium)


Alexandria

Borrowed from Latin Alexandrīa, from Ancient Greek Ἀλεξάνδρεια (Alexándreia).


Utrecht

Utrecht (a city and municipality, the capital of Utrecht province, Netherlands)


Leningrad

(historical) Leningrad (a major city in Russia), now Saint Petersburg


Cambridge

Cambridge (a city in Cambridgeshire, England)


Macau

Macau (a city, special administrative region, and peninsula in China, west of Hong Kong)


Odessa

Odessa (a city, the administrative center of Odesa Oblast, Ukraine)


Bilbao

Bilbao (the largest city in the Basque Country, in nothern Spain, and capital city of the province of Biscay, Spain)


Gibraltar

from Arabic جَبَل طَارِق (jabal ṭāriq, “Mount Tariq”), probably via Spanish Gibraltar.

جَبَل طَارِق

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)


Inca

Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands#English

a city on the Mallorca island, Balearic Islands, Spain


Chicago

Chicago (a large city in Illinois, United States)


Boston

Boston (the capital and largest city of Massachusetts, United States)


Columbia

Columbia (the capital city of South Carolina, United States)


Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires (the capital city of Argentina)


Moscou

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)


Pisa

Pisa (a city and province of Tuscany, Italy)


Porto

Porto (a city and municipality, the district capital of Porto district, Portugal)


Medina

Medina (the capital city of the Medina region, Saudi Arabia, holy to Islam)


Atlanta

Atlanta (the capital city of Georgia, United States)


Luxemburg

Luxembourg, Luxembourg City (the capital city of Luxembourg)


Singapur

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony and state of Malaysia (1963-1965))


Londres

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; the capital city of England)


Córdoba

Córdoba (the capital of the province of Córdoba, in central Argentina)

Córdoba (a city and municipality of Veracruz, Mexico)


Anvers

Antwerp (a large city and municipality, the capital of the province of Antwerp, Belgium; the second-largest city in Belgium)


Karachi

Karachi (a city, the capital of the province of Sindh, Pakistan)


Caire

Ultimately from Arabic الْقَاهِرَة (al-qāhira).


Santiago

Santiago de Chile
Santiago de Chile#English

Santiago, Santiago de Chile (the capital city of Chile)

Santiago de Compostela
Santiago de Compostela#English

Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (a city in Galicia, Spain)


Santo Domingo

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

Santo Domingo (the capital city of the Dominican Republic)


Andorra la Vella

desc

→ Japanese: アンドラ・ラ・ベリャ (Andora ra Berya)

[ənˈdɔ.rə lə ˈβe.ʎə]

Literally, “Old Andorra”; however vella in this case may be a corruption of vila (“town”), to distinguish from the principality of Andorra as a whole.

Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella#English

Andorra la Vella (the capital city of Andorra)


Brasília

Distrito Federal
Distrito Federal#English

Brasília (a municipality, the capital city of Brazil; the capital of Distrito Federal, Brazil)


Calais

Calais (a city in Pas-de-Calais department, Hauts-de-France, France)


Dijon

Borrowed from French Dijon, from the Roman name, Latin Diviō, from the name Divius (“godly, divine”); see divus.

Dijon (the capital city of Côte-d'Or department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)


Valladolid

Valladolid (a city in Valladolid, Spain)


Sevilla

Borrowed from Arabic إِشْبِيلِيَة (ʔišbīliya), from Latin Hispalis, ultimately from Phoenician 𐤔𐤐𐤋𐤄 (šplh /sefela/, “plain, valley”).

bor+

إِشْبِيلِيَة

der

Seville (the capital city of Andalusia, Spain)


Nantes

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English

Nantes (the prefecture of the department of Loire-Atlantique, France; the capital city of the region of Pays de la Loire, in historical Brittany)


Guadalajara

[ɡwə.ðə.ləˈʒa.ɾə]

Borrowed from Arabic وَادِي الْحِجَارَة (wādī l-ḥijāra, literally “valley of stones”).

bor+

وَادِي الْحِجَارَة

Guadalajara (a city, the capital of Guadalajara, Spain)

Guadalajara (a city, the capital of Jalisco, in central Mexico)


Saragossa

[sə.ɾəˈɣɔ.sə]

Earlier Saragoça, Çaragoça, from Andalusian Arabic سرقسطة (Saraqusṭa), from Latin Caesaraugusta.


Tula

Tulle (a commune in the former region of Limousin, now capital of the Corrèze department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of France)

Tula (a city, the administrative center of Tula Oblast, Russia)


Praga

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


Nova York

New York, New York City (the largest city in the state of New York, and the largest city in the United States, a metropolis extending into neighboring New Jersey)


Berlín

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)


Alger

From Arabic الجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir, literally “the islands”).


Riad

Borrowed from Arabic الرِّيَاض (ar-riyāḍ, literally “the meadows”).

bor+

Riyadh (the capital city of Saudi Arabia)


París

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


Vic

Inherited from Latin vīcus (“hamlet, village”).

inh+

Vic (the capital of the comarca of Osona, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia)


BCN

abbreviation of Barcelona: the capital of Catalonia, Spain


Roma

Rome (a major city, the capital of Italy and the Italian region of Lazio, located on the Tiber River; the ancient capital of the Roman Empire)


Bogotà

Bogota, Bogotá (the capital city of Colombia)


Oviedo

Oviedo (the capital city of Asturias, Spain)


Siracusa

Borrowed from Italian Siracusa, from Latin Syrācūsae, from Ancient Greek Συρᾱ́κουσαι (Surā́kousai).

Syracuse (a port, the capital city of the province of Syracuse, Sicily, Italy)


Toledo

Toledo (a city, the provincial capital of Toledo, Spain)


Basilea

Basel (a city in Basel-Stadt canton, Switzerland)


Sabadell

Unknown. Predominant theories are:
* From ceba (“onion”), from Latin cēpa. The onion appears on the city's crest.
* From Latin sabbatellum, diminutive of sabbatum (“Saturday”), since market festivals were held on Saturday.

Vallès Occidental
Vallès Occidental#English

Sabadell (the capital city of Vallès Occidental, Catalonia, Spain)


Liorna

Inherited from Latin Liburnus, from Liburnī, name of the ancient population of Liburnians.


Novossibirsk

Borrowed from Russian Новосиби́рск (Novosibírsk).

bor+

Новосиби́рск

Novosibirsk (a city, the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia)


Nàpols

From Latin Neapolis, from Ancient Greek Νεάπολις (Neápolis), from νέα (néa, “new”) + πόλις (pólis, “city”).


Mèxic

Mexico City (the capital and largest city of Mexico)


Damasc

Borrowed from Latin Damascus, from Ancient Greek Δαμασκός (Damaskós), from a Semitic form akin to Hebrew דַּמֶּשֶׂק.

cog

Hebrew דַּמֶּשֶׂק

Damascus (the capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE)


Perpinyà

Inherited from Latin Perpenniānum, from the given name Perpenna.

Perpignan (a city and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France)


València

→ Basque: Valentzia

→ Chinese: 瓦倫西亞 /瓦伦西亚 (Wǎlúnxīyà)

→ Dutch: Valencia

→ English: Valencia

→ Galician: Valencia

→ German: Valencia, Valentz

→ Italian: Valencia

→ Portuguese: Valência

desctree

→ Spanish: Valencia, Val. (abbreviation)
→ Cebuano: Valencia
Chinese:
→ Mandarin: 巴倫西亞 /巴伦西亚 (Bālúnxīyà) (transliteration)
→ Tagalog: Valencia

→ Turkish: Valensiya

Valencia (the capital city of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain)


Xàtiva

Borrowed from Arabic شَاطِبَة (šāṭiba), from Latin Saetabis.

Valencian Community
Valencian Community#English

the capital city of Costera, Valencian Community


Badajoz

Badajoz (a city, the provincial capital of Badajoz, Spain)


l'Alguer

Unclear origin. Most straightforwardly, l' + alga (“seaweed”) + -er (adjective-forming suffix). Relatedly, a Medieval Latin Aleguerium (literally “stagnation of seaweed”) has also been proposed. In either case, ultimately from Latin alga.

af

Alghero (a city and port town in Sardinia, Italy)


Ciutadella

From ciutadella, from Latin civitatella.


Maó

the capital city of Minorca, Balearic Islands


Múrcia

Murcia (the capital city of the autonomous community of Murcia, Spain)


Gijón

Gijón (a city on the coast of Asturias, in northwestern Spain)


Palma

Palma de Mallorca
Palma de Mallorca#English

Palma, Palma de Mallorca (a city and port, the capital of the Balearic Islands, Spain, on the island of Mallorca; in full, Palma de Mallorca)


Alacant

Borrowed from Arabic اَلقَنْت (al-qant) or لَقَنْت (laqant), from Latin Lucentum, or Vulgar Latin Leukante, ultimately from Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white, bright”). Originally named Ἄκρα Λευκή (Ákra Leukḗ) or Λευκή Ἄκρα (Leukḗ Ákra, “white summit”) by Phocaean Greeks.

der

Alicante (the capital city of Alicante, Valencian Community, Spain)


Lilla

Borrowed from French Lille, from Old French l'Isle (“the Island”), ultimately from Latin īnsula (“island”).

Lille (the capital city of Nord department, France; the capital city of the region of Hauts-de-France)


Ginebra

Geneva (the capital city of Geneva canton, Switzerland)


Aquisgrà

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Aachen (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Pequín

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


Girona

Girona (a city, the provincial capital of Girona, Spain)


Tolosa

Inherited from Latin Tolōsa, probably of Gaulish origin.

Toulouse (the capital city of Haute-Garonne department, France; the capital city of the region of Occitania)


Atenes

Borrowed from Latin Athēnas, from Ancient Greek Ἀθῆναι (Athênai).


Bragança

Bragança (a city and municipality of Bragança district, Portugal)


Burgos

Castile and León
Castile and León#English

Burgos (a city in Castile and León, Spain)


Albacete

Albacete (a city, the provincial capital of Albacete, Spain)


Gant

Ghent (the capital city of East Flanders, Belgium)


Lleó

Inherited from Latin Legiōnem, from legiō (“legion”).

León (a city, the provincial capital of León, Spain)


Florència

Borrowed from Latin Flōrentia. Doublet of Florença.

Florence (the capital city of Tuscany, Italy)


Jericó

Borrowed from Latin Jerīchō, from Ancient Greek Ἰεριχώ (Ierikhṓ), from Hebrew יְרִיחוֹ.

Hebrew יְרִיחוֹ

Jericho (a city in the West Bank of Palestine)


Xangai

Shanghai (a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China)


Copenhaguen

Borrowed from Low German Kopenhagen, a calque (perhaps modified by folk etymology) of Danish København.

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


Haia

The Hague (the provincial capital of South Holland, Netherlands)


Segòvia

[səˈɣɔ.βi.ə]

Borrowed from Spanish Segovia, from Latin Segovia, from Celtiberian Segouia, from a suffixed form of Proto-Celtic *segos (“victory”).

Segovia (a city in Segovia, Castile and León, Spain)


Pireu

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πειραιεύς (Peiraieús).

bor+

Piraeus (a city, part of Athens urban area, and regional unit of Attica, Greece)


Las Palmas

Las Palmas (a city in Las Palmas, Spain)


L'Hospitalet de Llobregat

L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
L'Hospitalet de Llobregat#English

L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (a city in Catalonia, Spain)


Terrassa

Inherited from Latin Terracia, from earlier Terracium castellum (“earthen castle”).

Terrassa (the capital city of Vallès Occidental, Catalonia)


Lleida

Inherited from Old Catalan Leyda; from Andalusian Arabic لاردة (“Lèrideh”); from Latin Ilerda, originating with the name of an Iberian tribe. Compare Spanish Lérida.

Lleida (the capital city of the province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain)


Santa Cruz de Tenerife

Santa Cruz de Tenerife
Santa Cruz de Tenerife#English:_Q14328

Santa Cruz de Tenerife (the largest city on the Spanish island of Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; the co-capital of the Canary Islands, along with Las Palmas; the capital of the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife)


Lugo

Lugo (a city, the provincial capital of Lugo, Spain)


Pontevedra

Pontevedra (a city in Pontevedra, Spain)


Còrdova

Córdoba (the capital of the province of Córdoba, Andalusia, Spain)


Rodes

Borrowed from Latin Rhodus, from Ancient Greek Ῥόδος (Rhódos), of uncertain etymology.

Rhodes (an island, regional unit, and city in the South Aegean, Greece)


Esmirna

Borrowed from Latin Smyrna, from Ancient Greek Σμύρνα (Smúrna).

İzmir (a modern city, the capital of İzmir Province, in western Turkey)


Nova Orleans

New Orleans (a city in the United States)


Marsella

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Marseille (the capital city of Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; the capital city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)


Constança

Borrowed from Latin Cōnstantia, perhaps via French Constance.

Konstanz (a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany)


Tremp

From a pre-Roman form *Trimplo, of uncertain origin.

the capital of Pallars Jussà, in the province of Lleida, Catalonia


Milà

Milan (the capital city of Lombardy, Italy)


Constantinoble

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English

(historical) Constantinople (the former name, from 330–1930 C.E., of Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey; the former capital of the Ottoman Empire and of the Byzantine Empire before that)


Munic

Borrowed from French Munich, from Middle High German Munichen, from Old High German munihum, dative plural of munih (“monk”), from Ancient Greek μοναχός (monakhós).

Munich (the capital and largest city of Bavaria, Germany)


Tebes

Thebes (a city in Egypt), located on the site of present-day Luxor


Carcassona

Carcassonne (an old walled city, the prefecture of Aude department, Occitania, France)


Tòquio

From Japanese 東京 (Tōkyō, literally “eastern capital”).

der

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan)


Gandia

Gandia (a city in Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain)


Figueres

Figueres (the administrative capital of Alt Empordà, Girona, Catalonia, Spain)


Gènova

Genoa (the capital city of Liguria, Italy)


Vaticà

Learned borrowing from Latin Vātī̆cānus (“Vatican Hill”), from vātēs (“soothsayer, oracle”).

lbor

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Vila-real

Villareal, a city in Castelló, Valencian Community, Spain


Seül

Borrowed from Korean 서울 (Seoul, literally “capital city”) via French Séoul.


Sòria

Soria (a city in Soria, Castile and León, Spain)


Avinyó

Avignon (a city, the capital of Vaucluse department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


Bordeus

From Latin Burdigala, from a Proto-Celtic root. Compare the Occitan form of the name Occitan Bordèu.

Bordeaux (the capital city of Gironde department, France; the capital city of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine)


Mont-real

alternative form of Montreal: Montreal (an island on which is situated the largest city in Quebec, Canada)


Montpeller

Montpellier (a large city, the prefecture of Hérault department, Occitania, France)


Niça

Borrowed from Italian, from Latin Nīcaea, from Ancient Greek Νῑ́καια (Nī́kaia). Doublet of Nicea.

Nice (a coastal city, the capital of Alpes-Maritimes department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeast France)


Terol

Teruel (a city in Teruel, Aragon, Spain)


Edimburg

Edinburgh (the capital city of Scotland)


Alcalá

Borrowed from Spanish Alcalá, from Arabic القَلْعَة (al-qalʕa, “the citadel, the fort”).

der

the name of a number of cities and towns in Spain


Friburg

Borrowed from Alemannic German Friburg, probably via French Fribourg.


Reus

Possibly from reu (“defendant in a trial”), but more likely of Paleo-Hispanic/Celtic origin. The city is mentioned as Reddis and Resis in medieval documents.

Reus (a city in Tarragona province, Catalonia, Spain)


Manresa

Manresa (the capital city of the comarca of Bages, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia)


Lió

Lyon, Lyons (the capital city of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Estrasburg

Strasbourg (the capital city of Bas-Rhin department, France; the capital city of the region of Grand Est)


Granollers

From granolla (“frog”); Alternatively, from Vulgar Latin *grānuculārios (“granaries”), from *grānuculum, diminutive of grānum (“a grain”).

Granollers (the capital of Vallès Oriental, Barcelona, Spain)


Besiers

Béziers (a city in Hérault department, Occitania, France)


Berga

From Latin Bergistani, the name of an Iberian tribe in the region, of uncertain origin.

Berga (the capital city of the comarca of Berguedà, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia)


Foix

Foix (the capital city of Ariège department, France; capital city)


Oliva

a city in Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain


Victòria

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

Victoria (a city, the capital of British Columbia)

Victoria (a city, the capital of Seychelles)

Victoria (the capital city of Gozo, the second-largest island of Malta)


Villena

Uncertain. From either Latin Velliena (from Vellius+-ana. Proposed by Menéndez Pidál) or Arabic بِلْيَانَة (bilyāna) (proposed by Domene Verdú)

a city in Alicante, Valencian Community, Spain


Ripoll

Likely from Latin rīvus pōpulōrum (“river of poplars”).

Ripoll (the capital of Ripollès, Girona, Catalonia)


Olot

the capital of the comarca of Garrotxa, in the province of Girona, Catalonia


Torí

Turin (a city and province of Piedmont, Italy)


Solsona

the capital city of Solsonès in the province of Lleida in Catalonia


Piles

Piles (a city in Safor, Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain)


Montalban

Montauban (a commune, the capital of Tarn-et-Garonne department, Occitania, France)


Igualada

Igualada (the capital city of Anoia comarca, Barcelona province, Catalonia, Spain)


Ciutat del Vaticà

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Ciutat del Vaticà.wav

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Tànger

From Arabic طَنْجَة (ṭanja), from Latin Tingis, from Punic 𐤕𐤍𐤂 (tng).

Tangier (a port city in Morocco, on the Strait of Gibraltar)


Marràqueix

Borrowed from French Marrakech, from Morrocan Arabic مَرَّاكُش (marrākuš), from Berber ⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⵛ (amur n akuc, literally “Land of God”).

Marrakech (the capital city of the Marrakesh-Safi region, Morocco)


Colònia

Cologne (the largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in northwestern Germany)


Àvila

Ávila (a city in Ávila province, Castile and León)


Càceres

Cáceres (a city, the provincial capital of Extremadura, Spain)


la Corunya

Borrowed from Galician A Coruña, from earlier A Cruña, from a proposed Celtiberian *clunia (“humid place; prairie”) akin to the Gaulish root of the French toponym Cluny.

A Coruña (a city, the provincial capital of A Coruña, Spain)


Logronyo

Logroño (the capital city of La Rioja, Spain)


Bellreguard

a city in Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain


Xàbia

a city in Alicante, Valencian Community, Spain


Llemotges

Limoges (a city, the capital of Haute-Vienne department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France), formerly the capital of the old Limousin region


Filadèlfia

Philadelphia (a large city in the United States)


Cracòvia

Borrowed from Latin Cracōvia, from Polish Kraków.

Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Lesser Poland Voivodeship#English

Krakow (a city on the Vistula River, the capital of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship in southern Poland and the former capital (until 1596) of Poland as a whole)


Oristany

Oristano (a city and province of Sardinia, Italy)


Agrigent

Agrigento (a city and province of Italy)


Port-of-Spain

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English

Port of Spain (the capital city of Trinidad and Tobago)


Arle

Arles (a city in Bouches-du-Rhône department, France)


Magúncia

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Maguntia, from Classical Latin Mogontiacum.

lbor

Mainz (a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)


Trèveris

Trier (a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)


Coblença

Borrowed from French Coblence, from Middle High German Kobelenz, from Latin Cōnfluentēs, referring to the confluence of the Rhine and Moselle rivers.

Koblenz (a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)


Càller

Sicilian: Càlliri

Cagliari (a province and capital city of Sardinia, Italy)


Kíiv

Kyiv (a city, the capital, the administrative centre of Kyiv, Ukraine)


Falset

Popularly derived from falç (“sickle”) + -et, a diminutive suffix. Other suggested roots include Latin filix (“fern”) and fēlīx (“happy”).

the capital of the comarca of Priorat, Tarragona, Catalonia


Vendrell

Possibly from Latin Venerellus, diminutive of Venus.

El Vendrell (the capital of Baix Penedès, Catalonia, Spain)


Valls

the capital of Alt Camp, province of Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain


Moià

Inherited from Latin Modiānus, from the personal name Modius.

the capital of the comarca of Moianès, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain


Perigús

Périgueux (a commune, the capital of the department of Dordogne, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)


Duixanbe

From Tajik Душанбе (Dušanbe), from Classical Persian دوشنبه (dušanbah, “Monday”), referring to the big open market that would take place there every Monday.

Dushanbe (the capital city of Tajikistan)


Sebastòpol

Sevastopol (a port city in Crimea, Ukraine)


Simferòpol

From Ancient Greek Συμφερόπολις (Sumpherópolis).

der

Συμφερόπολις

Simferopol (the capital city of Crimea, Ukraine)


Santiago de Compostel·la

Sant Jaume de Galícia (alternative historical)

Santiago de Compostela
Santiago de Compostela#English

Santiago de Compostela (a city in A Coruña, Galicia, Spain)


Castelló de la Plana

Castellón de la Plana
Castellón de la Plana#English

Castellón de la Plana (a city in Castellón, Valencia)


Tarba

Tarbes (a city, the capital of Hautes-Pyrénées department, Occitania, in southern France)


Friburg de Brisgòvia

Freiburg im Breisgau
Freiburg im Breisgau#English

Freiburg im Breisgau (a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany)


Coïmbra

Coimbra (a city and municipality of Coimbra district, Portugal)


Paranà

Borrowed from Spanish Paraná or Portuguese Paraná, both from Old Tupi paranã (“river”).

Paraná (the provincial capital of Entre Ríos, Argentina)


Zúric

Borrowed from French Zurich, from German Zürich, from Old High German Zurih, from Latin Turīcum.


Ciutat del Cap

Cape Town (the legislative capital of South Africa)


Pretòria

Pretoria (the administrative capital of South Africa)


Ramal·lah

bor

رَام اَللّٰه

Ramallah (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


Ontinyent

a city in Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain