Iraq

Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Bahrain

Bahrain (an archipelago, island, and country in Western Asia, in the Persian Gulf)


Bhutan

Bhutan (a country in South Asia, in the Himalayas)


Maldives

Maldives (an archipelago and country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India)


Brasil

Brazil (A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


Nicaragua

Nicaragua (a country in Central America)


Andorra

→ Japanese: アンドラ (Andora)

Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)

Andorra-Serra d'Arcs
Andorra-Serra d'Arcs

A village in Aragon, Spain, the capital of the comarca Andorra-Serra d'Arcs


Qatar

Qatar (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Oman

Oman (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Kuwait

Kuwait (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Guatemala

Guatemala (a country in Central America)

Guatemala City (the capital city of Guatemala)


El Salvador

El Salvador (a country in Central America)


Nauru

Nauru (a country and island in Oceania, in the Pacific Ocean)


Nepal

Nepal (a country in South Asia, located between China and India)


Jamaica

Jamaica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Rwanda

Alternative spelling of Ruanda: Rwanda (a country in East Africa)


Israel

Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)


Madagascar

Madagascar (an island and country off the east coast of Africa)


Cuba

Cuba (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Sudan

Borrowed from Arabic سُودَان (sūdān, literally “black men”), plural of أَسْوَد (ʔaswad).

bor+

Sudan (a country in North Africa and East Africa)


Tonga

Tonga (a country and archipelago in Polynesia in Oceania)


Uganda

From Swahili Uganda (“Buganda, subnational kingdom”), from Luganda Buganda (“land of the Ganda”).


San Marino

San Marino (a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan (a country in Central Asia)


Iran

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Romania

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


Dominica

Dominica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Fiji

Borrowed from Fijian Viti, from Proto-Central Pacific *viti "east, sunrise".

Fiji (a country and archipelago of over 300 islands in Melanesia in Oceania)


Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)


port

Inherited from Old Catalan port, from Latin portus, from Proto-Italic *portus, from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”), from *per- (“to go forth, to cross”).


Montserrat

Montserrat (a mountain range in Catalonia, Spain, near Barcelona, the site of a monastery)

Montserrat (an island and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean)


Costa Rica

Costa Rica (a country in Central America)


Burkina Faso

From Moore burkĩna (“honest”) + Dyula faso (“father's house”), coined by Thomas Sankara.

com

Burkina Faso (a country in West Africa, formerly Upper Volta)


Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka (an island and country in South Asia, off the coast of India)


Portugal

From Latin Portucale < Portus Cale, former name of what is now the city of Vila Nova de Gaia.

Portugal (a country in Southern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula)


Barbados

From Portuguese barbados (“bearded ones”)

Barbados (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Eritrea

Eritrea (a country in East Africa, on the Red Sea)


Malta

Malta (an island country in Southern Europe)

Malta (The largest island in the Maltese Archipelago)


Congo

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo

Congo (a country in Central Africa, larger and to the east of the Republic of the Congo)

Congo (a country in Central Africa, smaller and to the west of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)

Congo (a large river in Africa, which flows for about 4,380 km (2,720 miles) to the Atlantic Ocean in the Democratic Republic of Congo)


Samoa

Samoa (A country consisting of the western part of the Samoan archipelago in Polynesia, in Oceania)


Taiwan

From possibly either Spanish Taiwán or English Taiwan.


Montreal

Montreal (the largest city in Quebec, Canada)

Montreal (an island in Quebec, Canada, the site of the city of Montreal)


Quebec

Quebec, Quebec City (the capital city of the province of Quebec, Canada)


Minas Gerais

Minas Gerais (a state of Brazil; capital: Belo Horizonte)


Melbourne

Melbourne (the capital city of Victoria, Australia)


Sydney

(uncountable) Sydney (a major port city, the state capital of New South Wales, Australia, and the most populous city in Australia)

(uncountable) Sydney (a seaport and former city in Nova Scotia, Canada, now part of the amalgamated Cape Breton Regional Municipality on Cape Breton Island)


Salvador

Salvador (a municipality, the state capital of Bahia, Brazil)


canal

Inherited from Latin canālis (“channel; canal”).


sot

From a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia root *(t)sott-.


Oceania

Oceania (a geographical region or continent in the Pacific Ocean)


Amsterdam

Amsterdam (a city and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands; capital city of the Netherlands)


Madrid

Community of Madrid
Community of Madrid#English

autonomous community
autonomous community

Madrid, Community of Madrid (an autonomous community of Spain)

Madrid (a province of the Community of Madrid, Spain)


Toscana

administrative region
administrative region

Tuscany (an administrative region of Italy, located north of Lazio and south of Emilia-Romagna)


Glasgow

Glasgow (a major city and council area of Scotland, largest city in Scotland)


Tobago

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English

Tobago (an island in Caribbean, and part of the country of Trinidad and Tobago)


Montevideo

Montevideo (the capital city of Uruguay)


Orleans

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire#English

Orleans (a city in Centre-Val de Loire, France)


Bali

Bali (an island and province of Indonesia)


Tarragona

Tarragona (a province of Catalonia, Spain)

Tarragona (a city in Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain)


Liverpool

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

Liverpool (a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England)

Liverpool (a suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia)


Frankfurt

Frankfurt, Frankfurt-am-Main (the largest city in Hesse, in central Germany)

Frankfurt, Frankfurt-an-der-Oder (a sizable town in Brandenburg, in eastern Germany)


Florida

Florida (a peninsula in the state of Florida, United States)


Maine

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English

Maine (A traditional region of France, now in Pays de la Loire.)


Tunis

Tunis (The capital city, since 1159, and largest city of Tunisia)


Oslo

Oslo (a county and municipality, the capital city of Norway)


Barcelona

From Iberian Barkeno, attested in an ancient coin inscription, found in Greek Βαρκινών (Barkinṓn) and Latin Barcino, Barcelo, and Barceno.

Barcelona (the capital city of Catalonia, Spain)

Barcelona (a province of Catalonia, Spain)


Jerusalem

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


Hamburg

Hamburg (the second-largest city in Germany)

Hamburg (a state of Germany containing the city of the same name)


Andalusia

Andalusia (an autonomous community of Spain)


Trento

Borrowed from Italian Trento, from Latin Tridentum (literally “three teeth”), named for the three hills that surround the city.

der

Trentino-Alto Adige
Trentino-Alto Adige#English

Trento (the provincial capital of Trentino, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy)

(rare) Trentino (a province of Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy)


Hainaut

Hainaut (a province of Wallonia, Belgium)

Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire#English

Hainaut (a historical county of the Holy Roman Empire)


Bruges

Borrowed from French Bruges, from Old French, from Old Dutch Bruges, Bruggas, Brugias, probably from brugga (“bridge”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *brugjǭ.

Bruges (the capital city of West Flanders province, Belgium)


Namur

Namur (the capital city of Namur, Belgium)

Namur (a historical county of the Holy Roman Empire)


Brabant

Borrowed from French Brabant. Doublet of bramant.

Brussels-Capital Region
Brussels-Capital Region

Brabant (a historical province of Belgium); now divided into Flemish Brabant, Walloon Brabant, and the Brussels-Capital Region

Brabant (a historical duchy in Belgium and Netherlands)


Alexandria

Borrowed from Latin Alexandrīa, from Ancient Greek Ἀλεξάνδρεια (Alexándreia).


serra

Inherited from Old Catalan serra, from Latin serra.


Leningrad

(historical) Leningrad (a major city in Russia), now Saint Petersburg


Turquia

Turkey (a country located in Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


Tigris

From Latin Tigris, from Ancient Greek Τίγρις (Tígris), an alternative form of Τίγρης (Tígrēs), from Old Persian 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠 (Tigrā), from Akkadian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (^(ÍD)Idiqlat), from Sumerian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (^(ÍD)Idigna, ^(ÍD)Idigina, literally “fast as an arrow”).


Jura

Jura (a canton of Switzerland; capital: Delémont)

Jura (a department of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France; capital: Lons-le-Saunier)


Macau

Macau (a city and special administrative region of China)


coma

From Gaulish *kumba, from Proto-Celtic *kumbā (“valley”). Compare Occitan comba, French combe.


cap

Inherited from Vulgar Latin capus (“head, chief”), from Latin caput (“head, etc.”), from Proto-Italic *kaput, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kauput-, *káput. Compare Occitan cap. Compare also French personne (which can mean either "person" or "nobody").


Odessa

Odessa (a city, the administrative center of Odessa Oblast, Ukraine)


fou

Inherited from Latin fōcem, early monophthongized variant of faucem.


Bilbao

Bilbao (the largest city in the Basque Country, in nothern Spain, and capital city of the province of Biscay, Spain)


mar

Inherited from Old Catalan mar, from Latin mare (“sea”), from Proto-Italic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.


golf

Inherited from Vulgar Latin or Late Latin colfus, colphus, culfus, alteration of colpus, from Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos).


Alps

Alps (a mountain range in Western Europe)


clot

Uncertain, perhaps Indo-European but from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia.

dip (a lower section of a road or geological feature)


Zaire

(historical) Zaire (A former country (1971–1997) in Central Africa; now the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


Gibraltar

from Arabic جَبَل طَارِق (jabal ṭāriq, “Mount Tariq”), probably via Spanish Gibraltar.

der

جَبَل طَارِق

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)


Massachusetts

Massachusetts (a state of the United States)


Nevada

Borrowed from English Nevada, from Spanish nevada (“snow-covered”).


Missouri

Borrowed from French Missouri, from Miami wimihsoorita (“the people who have dugout canoes”).


illa

Inherited from Old Catalan illa, from Vulgar Latin *isula (compare Occitan illa~iscla, French île, Spanish isla), from Latin īnsula (compare Portuguese ínsua).

El Japó té quatre illes principals.


Inca

Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands#English

A city on the Mallorca island, Balearic Islands, Spain


caldera

Inherited from Late Latin caldāria (“cooking-pot”), derived from Latin caldus (“hot”).

inh+

(Balearic) a type of fish or seafood soup


Chicago

Chicago (a large city in Illinois, United States)


Boston

Boston (the capital and largest city of Massachusetts, United States)


comal

coombe (u-shaped valley between mountains)


Columbia

Columbia (the capital city of South Carolina, United States)


Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires (the capital city of Argentina)


Moscou

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)


com

Borrowed from Gaulish *kumbos (“curved”). Related to *kumbā (“valley”).

bor+

(geography) a steep-sided glacial valley with a level floor


Hercegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Herzegovina (the southern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina)


morena

a moray eel, especially the Mediterranean moray (Muraena helena)


Afganistan

Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


Asp

Aspe (a town in the comarca of Vinalopó Mitjà, Alicante province, Valencia, Spain)


Baviera

Borrowed from French Bavière or Italian Baviera.


Montenegro

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Montenegro (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


From Ancient Greek Νεῖλος (Neîlos), probably via Arabic نِيل (nīl).


Pisa

Pisa (a city and province of Tuscany, Italy)


Madeira

Borrowed from Portuguese Madeira, from madeira (“wood”). Doublet of matèria.

Madeira (an archipelago and autonomous region of Portugal, located in Atlantic Ocean)


Porto

Porto (a city and municipality, the district capital of Porto district, Portugal)


Volta

Borrowed from Portuguese Volta, from volta (“turnaround, return”).


Urals

Urals (a mountain range in European Russia)


Medina

Medina (the capital city of the Medina region, Saudi Arabia, holy to Islam)


Bagdad

Baghdad (the capital city of Iraq)
Baghdad (a governorate of Iraq)


Atlanta

Atlanta (the capital city of Georgia, United States)


Palestina

Palestine (a historical region and province of the Roman Empire in the Levant, Asia)

State of Palestine
State of Palestine#English

Palestine, State of Palestine (a country in the Levant, Asia)


Volga

Volga (A river in Russia, the longest river in Europe, flowing 2,325 miles through western Russia to the Caspian Sea)


Luxemburg

Luxembourg (a small country in Western Europe)

Luxembourg (a province of Wallonia, Belgium)

Luxembourg, Luxembourg City (the capital city of Luxembourg)

Luxembourg (One of the twelve cantons of the country of Luxembourg, which includes its capital city)


burg

Borrowed from Late Latin burgus, from Frankish *burg (“fortress”).

(historical) a fortified settlement, fortress


Panjab

Borrowed from Punjabi پنجاب (Panjāb), from Persian پنجاب (panj-âb, “[Land of] the Five Rivers”).

der

Punjab (a geographical region of South Asia)

Punjab (a state of India; capital: Chandigarh)

Punjab (a province of Pakistan; capital: Lahore)


Singapur

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


ribera

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin rīpāria.


Londres

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


Tatarstan

Transliteration of Russian Татарста́н (Tatarstán).

translit

Tatarstan (a republic of eastern Russia; capital: Kazan)


Córdoba

Cordoba (a city in Cordoba, Spain; province of Andalusia, Spain; province of Argentina; department of Colombia)


cingle

Inherited from Latin cingulum (“girdle”).

inh+

espadat


Kosovo

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Kosovo (A partly-recognized country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


riba

Inherited from Old Catalan riba, from Latin rīpa, from Proto-Indo-European *rey- (“to tear, cut”).


Andes

Borrowed from Spanish Andes, from Quechua anti (“east”).

Andes (a mountain range in South America)


Anvers

Antwerp (the capital city of Antwerp province, Belgium)


Karachi

Karachi (a city, the capital of the province of Sindh, Pakistan)


piscina

Borrowed from Latin piscīna (“fishpond”).


Caire

Ultimately from Arabic الْقَاهِرَة (al-qāhira).


vall

Inherited from Old Catalan vall from Latin vallem. Compare Occitan val, vath.


rost

ca-adj

rost (feminine rosta, masculine plural rosts or rostos, feminine plural rostes)

rosta (feminine)
rosts (masculine plural)
rostos (masculine plural)
rostes (feminine plural)


Santo Domingo

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

Santo Domingo (the capital city of the Dominican Republic)


Andorra la Vella

desc

→ Japanese: アンドラ・ラ・ベリャ (Andora ra Berya)

[ənˈdɔ.rə lə ˈβe.ʎə]

Literally, “Old Andorra”; however vella in this case may be a corruption of vila (“town”), to distinguish from the principality of Andorra as a whole.

Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella#English

Andorra la Vella (the capital city of Andorra)


Brasília

Distrito Federal
Distrito Federal#English

Brasília (a municipality, the capital city of Brazil; state capital of Distrito Federal, Brazil)


Santiago

Santiago de Chile
Santiago de Chile#English

Santiago, Santiago de Chile (the capital city of Chile)

Santiago Metropolitan Region
Santiago Metropolitan Region#English

Santiago, Santiago Metropolitan Region (a province of Chile)

Santiago de Compostela
Santiago de Compostela#English

Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (a city in Galicia, Spain)

Santiago (one of the ten islands of Cape Verde)


platja

Inherited from Late Latin plagia. Cognate with Galician praia, French plage, Italian spiaggia, Occitan plaja, Portuguese praia, and Spanish playa.


Vichy

A town in the Allier department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France, the capital of Vichy France during World War II


Calais

Calais (a city in the Pas-de-Calais department, Hauts-de-France, France)


Corea

Korea (two countries of East Asia, North Korea and South Korea; the peninsula containing these two countries)


Siam

(historical) Siam (The former name of Thailand, a country in Southeast Asia)


entrant

ca-adj

entrant m or f (masculine and feminine plural entrants)


Bermudes

Bermuda (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the North Atlantic Ocean)


Salamanca

Castile and León
Castile and León#English

Salamanca (a province of Castile and León, Spain; capital: Salamanca)


Dijon

Borrowed from French Dijon, from the Roman name, Latin Diviō, from the name Divius (“godly, divine”); see divus.

Dijon (the capital city of the Côte-d'Or department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)


Hispaniola

Borrowed from Latin Hispāniola, a latinisation of Spanish la Española.


Crimea

Crimea (an autonomous republic of Ukraine)


Valladolid

Valladolid (a province of Castile and León, Spain; capital: Valladolid)

Valladolid (a city in Valladolid, Spain)


Yukon

Borrowed from Gwich'in yukon (“great river”).

bor+

Yukon, Yukon Territory (a territory of Canada)


Sevilla

Borrowed from Arabic إِشْبِيلِيَة (ʔišbīliya), from Latin Hispalis, ultimately from Phoenician 𐤔𐤐𐤋𐤄 (šplh /sefela/, “plain, valley”).

إِشْبِيلِيَة

der

Seville (the capital city of Andalusia, Spain)

Seville (a province of Andalusia, Spain)


Nantes

Nantes (the capital city of the Loire-Atlantique department, France; capital city of the region of Pays de la Loire)


Guadalajara

[ɡwə.ðə.ləˈʒa.ɾə]

Borrowed from Arabic وَادِي الْحِجَارَة (wādī l-ḥijāra, literally “valley of stones”).

bor+

وَادِي الْحِجَارَة

Castile-La Mancha
Castile-La Mancha#English

Guadalajara (a province of Castile-La Mancha, Spain; capital: Guadalajara)

Guadalajara (a city, the capital of Guadalajara, Spain)

Guadalajara (a city, the capital of Jalisco, in central Mexico)


Extremadura

autonomous community
autonomous community

Extremadura (an autonomous community of Spain)


Comores

Comoros (A country and group of islands in the Indian Ocean off the coast of East Africa)


Açores

Borrowed from Portuguese Açores, from açores, plural of açor (“goshawk”), a cognate of Catalan astor.

Azores (an archipelago and autonomous region of Portugal, located in Atlantic Ocean)


conca

unmarried aunt (especially one who still lives in the family home)


Saragossa

[sə.ɾəˈɣɔ.sə]

Earlier Saragoça, Çaragoça, from Andalusian Arabic سرقسطة (Saraqusṭa), from Latin Caesaraugusta.

Zaragoza (a province of Aragon, Spain; capital: Zaragoza)


Algarve

Algarve (a traditional region and former kingdom in Portugal)


duna

Borrowed from French dune, from Middle Dutch dūne.


Navarra

Navarre (an autonomous community of Spain)


Lorena

administrative region
administrative region

Lorraine (a former administrative region and former duchy in eastern France; since 2016 part of the region of Grand Est)


Rússia

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Praga

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


Angles

town of the Capcir district, in the Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France


França

Semi-learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Francia (“country of the Franks”).


Holanda

Holland (a traditional region in the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland)

Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


Nova York

New York City (a city in the United States)


rada

Borrowed from French rade (“harbour”), from Middle English rade, from Old English rād (“riding, hostile incursion”) and thus cognate of English road and raid.

der

a bay in which ships can moor; a harbour


Berlín

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)


Mallorca

From Late Latin Maiorica, from Latin maior (“larger”), because the island is larger than Menorca. The change from -i- to -ll- is a hypercorrection against the iodització of the Mallorcan dialect of Catalan.


bassa

Of pre-Roman origin. Compare Spanish balsa.


Alger

From Arabic الجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir, literally “the islands”).


Riad

Borrowed from Arabic الرِّيَاض (ar-riyāḍ, literally “the meadows”).

bor+

Riyadh (the capital city of Saudi Arabia)


Tet

French: Têt

Têt (a river in the Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitanie, France)


París

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


EAU

Initialism of Emirats Àrabs Units (“United Arab Emirates”).

initialism

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

UAE, United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Hainan

Hainan (an island and province of China)


berma

Borrowed from French berme, from Dutch berm.


Guadalupe

Guadeloupe (an island in the northeastern edge of the Caribbean Sea)

Guadeloupe (an archipelago, overseas department, and administrative region of France, including the island of Guadeloupe)


badia

Probably from French baie influenced by badar or badiu.

bay (body of water mostly surrounded by land)


Vic

Inherited from Latin vīcus (“hamlet, village”).

inh+

Vic (the capital of the comarca of Osona, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia)


República Dominicana

Dominican Republic (a country in the Caribbean)


Elna

Inherited from Latin Helena, from Ancient Greek Ἑλένη (Helénē).

Holonym: Rosselló

Elne (a town in Pyrénées-Orientales, Occitanie, France)


Catalunya

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Cathalonia, Cathalaunia, of disputed origin; more at Catalonia.

Catalonia (an autonomous community of Spain)


Nils

Ultimately from Latin asinus (“donkey”).

a town of the Rosselló (Roussillon) district in Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France. French name: Nyls


Troia

Troy (an ancient city in far northwestern Asia Minor, in modern Turkey)


Eslovènia

Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


Níger

Niger (a country in West Africa, situated to the north of Nigeria)

Niger (a major river in West Africa, that flows into the Gulf of Guinea in Nigeria)


Índia

Learned borrowing from Latin India, from Ancient Greek Ἰνδία (Indía).


península

Borrowed from Latin paenīnsula (“peninsula”), from paene (“almost”), and īnsula (“island”).


Eufrates

Borrowed from Latin Euphrātēs, from Ancient Greek Εὐφράτης (Euphrátēs), from Old Persian 𐎢𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎬𐎢 (u-f-r-a-tu-u /ʰUfrātuš/), from Akkadian 𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣 (^(ÍD)Purattu), from Sumerian 𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣 (^(ÍD)Buranun).


Azerbaidjan

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


Oltènia

Oltenia (a historical region in Romania)


Egipte

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


Loira

Borrowed from French Loire, from Latin Liger, itself borrowed from the native Gaulish name.

Loire (a department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Nova Gal·les del Sud

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Nova Gal·les del Sud.wav


muntanya

Inherited from Old Catalan muntanya~montanya, from Early Medieval Latin montānia, a collective based on Latin montem.


llac

Inherited from Latin lacus (“lake”), from Proto-Italic *lakus, from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“lake, pool”).


tossa

From a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia word *taucia (“stump”).


Transnístria

Transnistria (a breakaway country in Moldova)


puig

Inherited from Old Catalan puig (also spelled puix), from Latin podium (“balcony”), borrowed from Ancient Greek πόδιον (pódion, “base”). Doublet of podi and pòdium, both borrowings from Latin. Compare Occitan puèg, regional French puy (“mountain; hill”), Sicilian poju.


Epir

Borrowed from Latin Epirus, from Ancient Greek Ἤπειρος (Ḗpeiros, “mainland”).

der

Epirus (a historical region in present-day Greece and Albania)


Corea del Nord

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Corea del Nord.wav


Corea del Sud

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Corea del Sud.wav


meandre

Learned borrowing from Latin Maeander, from Ancient Greek Μαίανδρος (Maíandros), a river in Asia Minor known for its winding course.


Síria

Borrowed from Latin Syria, from Ancient Greek Συρία (Suría).

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Bogotà

Bogota, Bogotá (the capital city of Colombia)


Terranova

Newfoundland (an island in the Atlantic Ocean)


Sella

Sella (a municipality of Marina Baixa, Alicante, Valencia, Spain)


Antigua i Barbuda

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Antigua i Barbuda.wav

Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda#English

Antigua and Barbuda (a country in the Caribbean)


Oviedo

Oviedo (the capital city of Asturias, Spain)


Cirene

Cyrene (an ancient city in North Africa, in modern Libya)


EUA

Estats Units d'Amèrica
Estats Units d'Amèrica#Catalan

USA (a country in North America); initialism of Estats Units d'Amèrica (“United States of America”)

Emirats Àrabs Units
Emirats Àrabs Units#Catalan

UAE, United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East); initialism of Emirats Àrabs Units (“United Arab Emirates”)


Espanya

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


Dolomites

Dolomites (a mountain range of the Alps in north-eastern Italy)


gruta

Borrowed from Sicilian grutta or Old Neapolitan grutta, from Vulgar Latin *grupta or *crupta, from Latin crypta. Doublet of cripta.


Benín

Benin (a country in West Africa, formerly Dahomey)


Normandia

Normandy (an administrative region, historical province, and medieval kingdom in northwest France, on the English Channel)


Toledo

Toledo (a province of Castile-La Mancha, Spain)

Toledo (a city, the provincial capital of Toledo, Spain)


Landes

Borrowed from French Landes, from Gaulish *landa (“(open) land”).

Landes (a department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France; capital: Mont-de-Marsan)


Tirol

Tyrol (a state of Austria; capital: Innsbruck)

Tyrol (a traditional region of Central Europe currently divided between Austria and Italy)


timba

From a pre-Roman root *timpa. Compare Italian timpa.


Alemanya

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


Armènia

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Martinica

Martinique (an island, overseas department, and administrative region of France, in the Caribbean)


Irlanda del Nord

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English

Northern Ireland (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Basilea

Basel (a city in Basel-Stadt canton, Switzerland)

Basel (a former canton of Switzerland, now divided into the cantons of Basel-Stadt and Basel-Landschaft)


Bengala

Bengal (a region of the Indian subcontinent currently divided between India and Bangladesh)


Sabadell

Unknown. Predominant theories are:
* From ceba (“onion”), from Latin cēpa. The onion appears on the city's crest.
* From Latin sabbatellum, diminutive of sabbatum (“Saturday”), since market festivals were held on Saturday.

Vallès Occidental
Vallès Occidental#English

Sabadell (the capital city of Vallès Occidental, Catalonia, Spain)


Liorna

Inherited from Latin Liburnus, from Liburnī, name of the ancient population of Liburnians.


Novossibirsk

Borrowed from Russian Новосиби́рск (Novosibírsk).

bor+

Новосиби́рск

Novosibirsk (a city, the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia)


Balcans

els Balcans (canonical masculine plural)

Balkans (a geographical region in southeastern Europe)


Frísia

Borrowed from Latin Frisia (“territory of the Frisians”).

(historical) Frisia (territory of the Frisians)

Friesland (a province of the Netherlands)


Bretanya

Brittany (an administrative region, historical province, and peninsula in northwest France)


Escòcia

Scotland (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Albània

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


Finlàndia

Finland (a country in eastern Scandinavia in Northern Europe)


Hawai

Ultimately from Hawaiian Hawaiʻi, from Hawaiki, from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *Sawaiki.


Indonèsia

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


Macedònia

Borrowed from Latin Macedonia, from Ancient Greek Μακεδονία (Makedonía, “Macedonia”), from μακεδονία (makedonía, “highland”), from μακεδνός (makednós, “high, tall”).


Nàpols

From Latin Neapolis, from Ancient Greek Νεάπολις (Neápolis), from νέα (néa, “new”) + πόλις (pólis, “city”).


Occitània

Occitanie (an administrative region in southern France, created in 2016 by the merger of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées)


Gironda

Borrowed from Occitan Gironda, from Latin gȳrus undae (“turning of waves”).

Gironde (a department of France; capital: Bordeaux)


Sèrbia

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Sicília

Holonym: Itàlia

Meronym: Siracusa

Sicily (The largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, an autonomous region of Italy, close to Africa and separated from Tunisia and Libya by the Strait of Sicily)


Ucraïna

Borrowed from Russian Украи́на (Ukraína) or Ukrainian Украї́на (Ukrajína), from Old East Slavic оукраина (ukraina, “borderland”).

der

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


Mèxic

Mexico City (the capital and largest city of Mexico)


Malaia

Feminine form of malai (“Malay”), the primary indigenous ethnic group of the area.


Gal·les

Wales (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Damasc

Borrowed from Latin Damascus, from Ancient Greek Δαμασκός (Damaskós), from a Semitic form akin to Hebrew דַּמֶּשֶׂק.

cog

Hebrew דַּמֶּשֶׂק


Haití

Borrowed from French Haïti, from Taíno Ayiti.


Cirenaica

Cyrenaica (a traditional region and breakaway state in eastern Libya)

(historical) Cyrenaeica (a province of the Roman Empire)


glacera

Synchronically glaç + -era; perhaps a calque of French glacier, although the difference in gender is unusual.


Altai

Altay (a mountain range in central Asia)


Perpinyà

Inherited from Latin Perpenniānum, from the given name Perpenna.

Perpignan (a city and commune of the Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitanie, France)


cinglera

girth (part of equines where the cinch is attached)


Elam

Elam (an ancient civilisation in southwestern Iran)


Nàquera

Borrowed from Arabic نَقْرَة (naqra, “excavation, cavity”), from نَقَرَ (naqara, “to strike; to dig into”).

bor+

A municipality in the comarca of Camp de Túria, in the province of Valencia, in the Autonomous Community of Valencia, in eastern Spain


València

→ Basque: Valentzia

→ Chinese: 瓦倫西亞／瓦伦西亚 (Wǎlúnxīyà)

→ Corsican: Valencia, Valenza

→ Dutch: Valencia

→ English: Valencia

→ French: Valence

→ German: Valencia, Valentz

→ Italian: Valencia, Valenza

→ Portuguese: Valência

→ Spanish: Valencia

→ Turkish: Valensiya

Holonym: País Valencià

Valencia (the capital city of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain)

Valencian Community
Valencian Community#English

Valencia, Valencian Community (an autonomous community of Spain)

Valencia (a province of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain)


Bulgària

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


Croàcia

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Anglaterra

[əŋ.ɡləˈtɛ.rə]

England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Xàtiva

Borrowed from Arabic شَاطِبَة (šāṭiba), from Latin Saetabis.


Algèria

[əʎˈʒɛ.ɾi.ə]


Suïssa

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe)


volcà

Borrowed from Spanish volcán, from Latin Vulcānus.


Austràlia

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


Capadòcia

Borrowed from Latin Cappadocia, from Ancient Greek Καππαδοκία (Kappadokía), from Old Persian 𐎣𐎫𐎱𐎬𐎢𐎣 (k-t-p-tu-u-k /katpatuka/).

der

Cappadocia (a historical region and province of the Roman Empire in central Anatolia)


Lluc

Inherited from Latin lūcus (“sacred grove”).

inh+

Lluc (a pilgrimage site in Majorca, Spain)


Aragó

Aragon (an autonomous community of Spain)


Cànoes

From Canoves, contraction of cases noves (“new houses”).

a town of the Rosselló (Roussillon) district in Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France. French name: Canohès


Tuïr

Seemingly from Latin villa tugurii (“farm of the hut”).

a town of the Rosselló (Roussillon) district in Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France. French name: Thuir


Vivers

Seemingly from the plural of viver, from Latin vīvārium (“preserve, enclosure”).

a town of the Rosselló (Roussillon) district in Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France. French name: Vivès


Torderes

From the plural of tordera, from Latin turdāria, itself plural of turdārium (“thrush farm”), from turdus (“thrush”).

a town of the Rosselló (Roussillon) district in Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France. French name: Tordères


Cotlliure

First recorded in Latin Castrum Caucoliberi.
Possibly from an Iberian root *kauk- (“bay”) and Latin Illiberi, the ancient name of the town of Elne (in Catalan Elna); interpretable as “port of Illiberi”.
Compare lliure (“free”).

a vila of the Rosselló (Roussillon) district in Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France. French name: Coullioure


Vingrau

Maybe from vint graons (“twenty steps”), but more probably from the Germanic given name Winigaud or from vin (“wine”) + grau (“degree, grade”).

a town of the Rosselló (Roussillon) district in Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France


Pontellà

Inherited from Latin Pontiliānus, after the given name Pontilius.

a town of the Rosselló (Roussillon) district in Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France. French name: Ponteilla


Montner

From Montnegre, from mont negre (“black mountain”).


Tesà

Inherited from Latin Titiānus (“Titian”), whence also Ticià, from Titius.

a town of the Rosselló (Roussillon) district in Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France. French name: Théza


Salses

Inherited from Latin Salsulās, derived from salsus (“salty”), so-called due to the presence of nearby salt mines.

a vila of the Rosselló (Roussillon) district in Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France. French name: Salses-le-Château


Illa

French: Ille

Inherited from Latin īnsula (“island”), whence also the Catalan noun illa.

Holonym: Rosselló

Ille-sur-Têt (a town in Pyrénées-Orientales, Occitanie)


Pollestres

Inherited from Latin palūdestris, feminine of palūdester (“swampy, marshy”), from palūs, palūdis (“swamp, marsh”) + -ester.


Eivissa

Borrowed from Arabic يَابِسَة (yābisa), from Latin Ebusus.

Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands#English

Ibiza (an island in the Balearic Islands)

Ibiza (a city and municipality of Ibiza)


Regne Unit

Regne Unit de Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord


Badajoz

Badajoz (a province of Extremadura, Spain)

Badajoz (a city, the provincial capital of Badajoz, Spain)


soc vegetariana

ca-phrase

soc vegetariana f (masculine soc vegetarià)


soc vegetarià

soc vegetarià m (feminine soc vegetariana)


Alcossebre

Borrowed from Arabic القُصَيْبَة (al-quṣayba, “little citadel”).

bor+

Alcalà de Xivert
Alcalà de Xivert#English

Alcossebre (a village in Alcalà de Xivert, comarca of Baix Mestrat, province of Castelló, Valencia, Spain)


Camp de Túria

Sant Antoni de Benaixeve
Sant Antoni de Benaixeve

A comarca in the Autonomous Community of Valencia, Spain that includes the municipalities of Benaguasil, Benissanó, Bétera, Casinos, Eliana, Gàtova, Llíria, Loriguilla, Marines, Nàquera, Olocau de Carraixet, Pobla de Vallbona, Riba-roja de Túria, Sant Antoni de Benaixeve, Serra and Vilamarxant


Horta Nord

Horta Nord (a comarca in Valencia, Valencia, Spain)


Costera

Granja de la Costera
Granja de la Costera

Llocnou d'En Fenollet
Llocnou d'En Fenollet

A comarca in Valencia. Capital: Xàtiva. It includes the municipalities of L'Alcúdia de Crespins, Barxeta, Canals, Cerdà, Estubeny, La Font de la Figuera, Genovés, La Granja de la Costera, Llanera de Ranes, Llocnou d'En Fenollet, La Llosa de Ranes, Moixent, Montesa, Novetlè, Rotglà i Corberà, Torrella, Vallada, and Vallés


Alcúdia de Crespins

L'Alcúdia de Crespins (canonical feminine)

Vila of the Costera district, in the Valencian Community (Spain)


Pobla de Vallbona

La Pobla de Vallbona (canonical feminine)

[ˈpob.blə ðə βəʎˈβɔ.nə]

Vila of the Camp de Túria district, in the Valencian Community (Spain)


El Voló

From a Latin accusative Volōnem of uncertain origin.

Le Boulou (a town and commune of the Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitanie, France)


Alcàsser

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْقَصْر (al-qaṣr, “the castle”), itself from Latin castrum (“castle”). Cognate with the Spanish toponym Alcácer.

A town in the Horta Sud district, Valencia, Spain


Rosselló

Inherited from Latin Ruscinōnem. Compare French Roussillon, Occitan Rosselhon.

Holonym: Catalunya Nord

Meronyms: Elna, Perpinyà

Roussillon (a region of Pyrénées-Orientales, Occitanie, France), part of Northern Catalonia


Eliana

town of the Camp de Túria district, in the Valencian Community (Spain)


País Basc

Basque Country (an autonomous community of Spain)


l'Alguer

Unclear origin. Most straightforwardly, l' + alga (“seaweed”) + -er (adjective-forming suffix). Relatedly, a Medieval Latin Aleguerium (literally “stagnation of seaweed”) has also been proposed. In either case, ultimately from Latin alga.

af

Alghero (a city and port town in Sardinia, Italy)


Franja de Ponent

Aragon Strip (The region of Aragon in Spain where Catalan is spoken; composed of the districts of Ribagorza/Ribagorça, La Litera/La Llitera, Bajo Cinca/Baix Cinca, Bajo Aragón-Caspe/Baix Aragó-Casp, Bajo Aragón/Baix Aragó and Matarraña/Matarranya)


País Valencià

Valencian Community. It is divided in the following districts: Alacantí, Alcoià, Alcalatén, Alt Maestrat, Alt Millars, Alt Palància, Alt Vinalopó, Baix Maestrat, Baix Segura, Baix Vinalopó, Camp de Morvedre, Camp de Túria, Canal de Navarrés, Comtat, Costera, Foia de Bunyol, Horta Nord, Horta Oest, Horta Sud, Marina Alta, Marina Baixa, Ports, Plana Alta, Plana d'Utiel, Racó d'Ademús, Ribera Alta, Ribera Baixa, Serrans, Safor, València, Vall d'Albaida, Vall de Cofrents and Vinalopó Mitjà


Països Catalans

Popularized by Joan Fuster in the essay Nosaltres, els valencians (1962).

Catalan Countries, including the regions: l'Alguer, Andorra, el Carxe, Catalunya, la Catalunya Nord, la Franja de Ponent, les Illes Balears and el País Valencià


estany

Inherited from Latin stagnum. Compare Occitan estanh.


Clairà

Inherited from Latin Clāriānus, from the given name Clārius.

a town of the Rosselló (Roussillon) district in Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France. French name: Claira


Pià

Inherited from Latin Appiānus, from the given name Appius.

a town of the Rosselló (Roussillon) district in Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France. French name: Pia


Bèlgica

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


estret

Inherited from Latin strictus. Compare Occitan estreit, French étroit, Spanish estrecho. Doublet of estricte, a learned borrowing.


Costa d'Ivori

[ˈkɔs.tə ð‿iˈβɔ.ɾi]

Ivory Coast, Côte d'Ivoire (a country in West Africa)


Grenlàndia

Alternative form of Groenlàndia (“Greenland, a large self-governing island and dependent territory of Denmark, in North America”)


Geòrgia

Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)

Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


Marroc

From Old Catalan Marrocs, from Arabic مَرَّاكُش (marrākuš).


Tec

town of the Vallespir district, in the Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France


Vallespir

Northern Catalonia
Northern Catalonia#English

Morellàs i les Illes
Morellàs i les Illes

Prats de Molló i la Presta
Prats de Molló i la Presta

Sant Joan de Pladecorts
Sant Joan de Pladecorts

Sant Llorenç de Cerdans
Sant Llorenç de Cerdans

a comarca (district) of Northern Catalonia (now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France) that includes the municipalities of l'Albera, Arles, els Banys i Palaldà, Ceret, les Cluses, Cortsaví, Costoja, la Menera, Montboló, Montferrer, Morellàs i les Illes, el Pertús, Prats de Molló i la Presta, Reiners, Sant Joan de Pladecorts, Sant Llorenç de Cerdans, Serrallonga and el Tec


Ceret

French: Céret

Holonym: Vallespir

Céret (a small town in Pyrénées-Orientales, Occitanie)


Prats de Molló i la Presta

ca-proper noun

Prats de Molló i la Presta m pl (plural only)

Vila of the Vallespir district, in the Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France


Illes Balears

les Illes Balears (canonical feminine plural)

autonomous community
autonomous community

Balearic Islands (an autonomous community and province of Spain)


Albera

A town in Vallespir district, in the Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France


Sant Joan de Pladecorts

Saint-Jean-Pla-de-Corts (a village and commune of the Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitanie, France)


Serrans

Els Serrans (canonical masculine plural)

Los Serranos, Serrans (a comarca in Valencia, Valencia, Spain, which is not Catalan-speaking)


Puigbalador

town of the Capcir district, in the Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France


Vilaller

Vila of the Alta Ribagorça district, in Catalonia


Foia de Bunyol

Foia de Bunyol, Hoya de Buñol (a comarca in Valencia, Valencia, Spain, which is not Catalan-speaking)


Racó d'Ademús

Rincón de Ademuz
Rincón de Ademuz#English

Rincón de Ademuz, Racó d'Ademús (a comarca in Valencia, Valencia, Spain, which is not Catalan-speaking)


Alt Palància

A comarca in Valencia, Spain. Capital: Segorbe


Canal de Navarrés

La Canal de Navarrés (canonical masculine)

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Canal de Navarrés.wav

Canal de Navarrés
Canal de Navarrés#English

Canal de Navarrés (a comarca in Valencia, Valencia, Spain, which is not Catalan-speaking)


Alt Millars

Alto Mijares, Alt Millars (a comarca in Castellón, Valencia, Spain, which is not Catalan-speaking)


Plana d'Utiel

Plana d'Utiel, Requena-Utiel (a comarca in Valencia, Valencia, Spain, which is not Catalan-speaking)


Sant Antoni de Portmany

Vila of Ibiza, one of the Balearic Islands (Spain)


Sant Josep de sa Talaia

town of Ibiza, one of the Balearic Islands, Spain


Alta Ribagorça

A comarca in the province of Lleida, Catalonia. Capital: Pont de Suert. Together with the Aragonese comarca of Ribagorça, it makes up the historical and natural comarca of Ribagorça


Sant Joan de Labritja

[ˈsaɲ ʒuˈan də ləˈβɾi.d͡ʒə]

A town on Ibiza, Balearic Islands, Spain


Vall de Boí

[ˈbaʎ ðə βuˈi]

A town in Alta Ribagorça, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain


Formiguera

town and capital of the Capcir district, in the Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France


Font-rabiosa

→ French: Fontrabiouse

A town and commune of Capcir district, Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitanie, in the historical region of Northern Catalonia


Banys i Palaldà

Els Banys i Palaldà (canonical masculine plural)

Amélie-les-Bains-Palalda (a town in Vallespir district, Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitanie, in the historical region of Northern Catalonia)


Capcir

A historical comarca in the Region of Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department, France


Menera

town of the Vallespir district, in the Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France


Montferrer

Inherited from Latin monte ferrārius. Cognate with Occitan Montferrièr.

Montferrer (a village in the Pyrénées-Orientales department, France)


Montferrer

→ French: Montferrer


Costoja

Inherited from Latin custōdia. Doublet of custòdia, a learned borrowing.

Coustouges (a commune in the comarca of Vallespir in Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department of France)


Arles

→ French: Arles

Holonym: Vallespir

Arles-sur-Tech (a town in Pyrénées-Orientales, Occitanie, France)


Real

town of the Capcir district, in the Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France


Maó

The capital city of Minorca, Balearic Islands


Ciutadella

From ciutadella, from Latin civitatella.


Galícia

Galicia (an autonomous community of Spain)


penya-segat

From penya + segat, past participle of segar (“to cut off”).


Conca de Barberà

La Conca de Barberà (canonical feminine)

Passanant i Belltall
Passanant i Belltall

Santa Coloma de Queralt
Santa Coloma de Queralt

Vallfogona de Riucorb
Vallfogona de Riucorb

A comarca in Tarragona, Catalonia that includes the municipalities of Barberà de la Conca, Blancafort, Conesa, Espluga de Francolí, Forès, Llorac, Montblanc, Passanant i Belltall, les Piles, Pira, Pontils, Rocafort de Queralt, Santa Coloma de Queralt, Sarral, Savallà del Comtat, Senan, Solivella, Vallclara, Vallfogona de Riucorb, Vilanova de Prades, Vilaverd and Vimbodí i Poblet


Garraf

Borrowed from Arabic غَرَّاف (ḡarrāf, “copious stream of water”), from غَرَفَ (ḡarafa, “to lade out”).

bor+

Vilanova i la Geltrú
Vilanova i la Geltrú

A comarca in the Penedès region, Barcelona province, Catalonia, Spain that includes the municipalities of Canyelles, Cubelles, Olivella, Sant Pere de Ribes, Sitges and Vilanova i la Geltrú


Garraf

A town in Sitges municipality, Garraf, Barcelona province, Catalonia, Spain


Sud-àfrica

South Africa (a country in Southern Africa)


Papua Nova Guinea

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Papua Nova Guinea.wav

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English:_Q691


Iemen

Yemen (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Mosel·la

Moselle (a department of the region of Grand Est, France; capital: Metz)


Mosa

From Latin Mosa, from Celtic, deriving from Proto-Celtic *mosā.


Jordània

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Etiòpia

Borrowed from Latin Aethiopia, from Ancient Greek Αἰθιοπία (Aithiopía), from Αἰθίοψ (Aithíops).


Pennsilvània

Pennsylvania (a state of the United States)


Nou Hampshire

New Hampshire (a state of the United States)


Virgínia de l'Oest

West Virginia (a state of the United States)


Múrcia

Murcia (an autonomous community of Spain)

Murcia (the capital city of Murcia, Spain)


Nou Mèxic

New Mexico (a state in the southwestern United States; capital: Santa Fe)


Mississipí

Mississippi (a state of the United States; capital: Jackson)

Mississippi (a river in the United States)


Califòrnia

California (a state of the United States)


Nova Jersey

New Jersey (a state of the United States)


Gijón

Gijón (a city on the coast of Asturias, in northwestern Spain)


Vèneto

administrative region
administrative region

Veneto (an administrative region of northern Italy, roughly corresponding to the ancient Venetia)


Xipre

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


Alacantí

Campo de Alicante
Campo de Alicante#English

Alacantí, Campo de Alicante (a comarca in Alicante, Valencia, Spain)


Xixona

A town in Alacantí district, Valencia, Spain


Alacant

Borrowed from Arabic اَلقَنْت (al-qant) or لَقَنْت (laqant), from Latin Lucentum, or Vulgar Latin Leukante, ultimately from Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white, bright”). Originally named Ἄκρα Λευκή (Ákra Leukḗ) or Λευκή Ἄκρα (Leukḗ Ákra, “white summit”) by Phocaean Greeks.

der

Alicante (a province of Valencia, Spain)

Alicante (the capital city of Alicante, Valencia, Spain)


Nova Zelanda

New Zealand (a country and archipelago in Oceania, to the east of Australia)


Estats Units d'Amèrica

ca-proper noun

Estats Units d'Amèrica m pl (plural only)

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Estats Units d'Amèrica.wav

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)


República Txeca

Czech Republic
Czech Republic#English:_Q213

Czech Republic (a country in Central Europe)


Rin

From Old High German Rīn, probably via French Rhin.


Lilla

Borrowed from French Lille, from Old French l'Isle (“the Island”), ultimately from Latin īnsula (“island”).

Lille (the capital city of the Nord department, France; capital city of the region of Hauts-de-France)


Nicea

From Latin Nīcaea, from Ancient Greek Νῑ́καια (Nī́kaia). Doublet of Niça.

Nicaea (ancient Greek city in northwestern Anatolia, in modern Turkey; modern İznik)


Cantàbria

Cantabria (an autonomous community and province of Spain)


Ginebra

Geneva (the capital city of Geneva canton, Switzerland)


franja de Gaza

[ˈfɾaɲ.ʒə ðə ˈɣa.zə]

Gaza Strip (A region in Palestine between Egypt and Israel)


Dordonya

Dordogne (a department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France; capital: Périgueux)


Alta Viena

Haute-Vienne (a department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)


Alier

Allier (a department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France; capital: Moulins)


Alvèrnia

Auvergne (a former administrative region and historical province of France, since 2016 part of the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes)


Cruesa

Creuse (a department of the region of New Aquitaine, France)


Migdia-Pirineus

Midi-Pyrénées (a former administrative region of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Occitania)


Llemosí

Borrowed from Occitan Lemosin, from Latin Lemovīcīnus.

Limousin (a former region in France, now part of Nouvelle-Aquitaine)


Marne

Borrowed from French Marne, from Latin Mātrona.

Marne (a department of Grand Est, France)

Marne (a right tributary of the Seine, in eastern France)


Trinitat

Borrowed from Latin trīnitātem. As the name of an island, a calque of Spanish Trinidad.

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English

Trinidad (an island in Caribbean, and part of the country of Trinidad and Tobago)


Aquisgrà

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Aachen (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Pequín

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


Països Baixos

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands#English

constituent countries
constituent country

Netherlands (The main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located primarily in Western Europe bordering Germany and Belgium)

Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten)


La Rioja

autonomous community
autonomous community

La Rioja (an autonomous community and province of Spain; capital: Logroño)


Girona

Girona (a city, the provincial capital of Girona, Spain)


Nínive

Nineveh (an ancient city in Assyria, in modern Iraq, near Mosul)


Assíria

Learned borrowing from Latin Assyria, from Ancient Greek Ἀσσυρία (Assuría), from Akkadian 𒀸𒋗𒁺𐎹 (Aššūrāyu), from 𒀸𒋩 (Aššur, “Assur”), its original capital.

Assyria (an ancient kingdom in Mesopotamia)


Cartago

Learned borrowing from Latin Carthāgō, via Ancient Greek Καρχηδών (Karkhēdṓn) from Punic 𐤒𐤓𐤕-𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (qrt-ḥdšt, “new city”).

Carthage (an ancient city in North Africa, in modern Tunisia)

Carthage (an ancient civilisation in North Africa, centred on the city of Carthage)


Tolosa

Inherited from Latin Tolōsa, probably of Gaulish origin.

Toulouse (the capital city of the Haute-Garonne department, France; capital city of the region of Occitanie)


Astúries

Asturias (an autonomous community and province of Spain)


mar de Bering

Bering Sea (a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean)


Còrsega

Corsica (an island, department, and administrative region of France, in the Mediterranean to the north of Sardinia)


Somàlia

Somalia (a country in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa)


Líban

Borrowed from Latin Libanus, from Ancient Greek Λίβανος (Líbanos), from a Semitic source.

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Estats Units

United States (a country in North America)


Bielorússia

(dated) Belarus (a country in Eastern Europe)


Cap Verd

Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


Bahames

Bahamas (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean)


comunitat autònoma

ca-noun

comunitat autònoma f (plural comunitats autònomes)


Montjuïc

Literally, “Mountain of Jews” (Latin mōns iūdaicus), after the local population. Some suggest this is a corruption of Latin mōns Iovis (literally “Mountain of Jupiter”).


serralada

(geology) range; mountain range, cordillera


Atenes

Borrowed from Latin Athēnas, from Ancient Greek Ἀθῆναι (Athênai).


Bragança

Bragança (a district in northeastern Portugal)

Bragança (a city and municipality of Bragança district, Portugal)


Burgos

Castile and León
Castile and León#English

Burgos (a province of Castile and León, Spain; capital: Burgos)

Burgos (a city in Castile and León, Spain)


Albacete

Castile-La Mancha
Castile-La Mancha#English

Albacete (a province of Castile-La Mancha, Spain)

Albacete (a city, the provincial capital of Albacete, Spain)


Zamora

Zamora (a province of Castile and León, Spain; capital: Zamora)


Piemont

Piedmont (an administrative region in the north of Italy)


Bòsnia i Hercegovina

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Bosnia i Hercegovina.wav

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-Bòsnia i Hercegovina.wav

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Filipines

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


Kirguizistan

Kyrgyzstan (a country in Central Asia, bordering on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China)


Moçambic

Mozambique (a country in East Africa and Southern Africa)


Euràsia

Eurasia (a supercontinent consisting of Europe and Asia)


Amazones

Calque of Spanish (Río) Amazonas, whose name commemorates a tribe of fierce women warriors encountered by the Spanish explorer Francisco de Orellana.


Danubi

Learned borrowing from Latin Dānubius, from Proto-Celtic *Dānowyos, an extended form of the river-name *Dānu, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₂nu (“river goddess”), akin to *dʰenh₂- (“to set in motion; to flow”).


Gant

Ghent (the capital city of East Flanders, Belgium)


Guadalquivir

Borrowed from Spanish Guadalquivir, derived from Arabic وَادِي الكَبِير (wādī l-kabīr, literally “the great river”).

وَادِي الكَبِير

Guadalquivir (a river in southern Spain)


Campània

Holonym: Itàlia

Meronyms: Herculà, Nàpols, Pompeia, Vesuvi

Campania (an administrative region of southern Italy)


Bangla Desh

[ˌbaŋ.ɡləˈðɛʃ]


Castella i Lleó

Castile and León (an autonomous community of Spain)


Lleó

Inherited from Latin Legiōnem, from legiō (“legion”).

León (a province of Castile and León, Spain)

León (a city, the provincial capital of León, Spain)


Nova Anglaterra

New England (a region of the United States)


albufera

Borrowed from Arabic البُحَيْرَة (al-buḥayra), via Andalusian Arabic.


Florència

Borrowed from Latin Flōrentia. Doublet of Florença.

Florence (the capital city of Tuscany, Italy)

Florence (a metropolitan city of Tuscany, Italy)


Antioquia

Antioch on the Orontes
Antioch on the Orontes#English

Antioch, Antioch on the Orontes (ancient Greek city on the Orontes River, in modern Turkey)


Frígia

(historical) Phrygia (an ancient kingdom in Asia Minor)


Etrúria

Etruria (a historical region in central Italy, the land of the Etruscans)


Delfos

Delphi (a modern town in Phocis, Greece, near the sanctuary)


Jericó

Borrowed from Latin Jerīchō, from Ancient Greek Ἰεριχώ (Ierikhṓ), from Hebrew יְרִיחוֹ.

der

Hebrew יְרִיחוֹ

Jericho (a city in the West Bank of Palestine)


Pompeia

Pompeii (an ancient city in the Roman Empire, in modern Italy)


Voivodina

Vojvodina (an autonomous province of Serbia)


Xangai

Shanghai (a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China)


Blanes

→ English: Blanes

→ Spanish: Blanes

From Latin Blandae, from blandus (“pleasant”).

Blanes (a town in Selva, Girona, Catalonia, Spain)


Copenhaguen

Borrowed from Low German Kopenhagen, a calque (perhaps modified by folk etymology) of Danish København.

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


Úmbria

Umbria (an administrative region in central Italy)


Ístria

Borrowed from Latin Histria. See Istria.

the Adriatic Sea
the Adriatic Sea#English

Istria (a peninsula in the Adriatic Sea)


turó

Probably from a pre-Roman root *tur + -ōne.


Haia

The Hague (the provincial capital of South Holland, Netherlands)


Sardenya

Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


Segòvia

[səˈɣɔ.βi.ə]

Borrowed from Spanish Segovia, from Latin Segovia, from Celtiberian Segouia, from a suffixed form of Proto-Celtic *segos (“victory”).

Segovia (a province of Castile and León, Spain)

Segovia (a city in Segovia, Castile and León, Spain)


Pals

A town in Baix Empordà, Girona, Catalonia


gorja

Borrowed from French gorge. Doublet of gorga.


Ligúria

Liguria (an administrative region of northwest Italy)


planura

plain (an expanse of land with relatively low relief)


Laci

Lazio (an administrative region of Italy, situated in the central peninsular section of the country with Rome as its capital)


Guinea Bissau

Guinea-Bissau (a country in West Africa)


Las Palmas

Las Palmas (a province of the Canary Islands, Spain; capital: Las Palmas)

Las Palmas (a city in Las Palmas, Spain)


Jaén

Jaén (a province of Andalusia, Spain; capital: Jaén)


L'Hospitalet de Llobregat

L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
L'Hospitalet de Llobregat#English

L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (a city in Catalonia, Spain)


Terrassa

Inherited from Latin Terracia, from earlier Terracium castellum (“earthen castle”).

Vallès Occidental
Vallès Occidental#English

Terrassa (the capital city of Vallès Occidental, Catalonia)


Lleida

Inherited from Old Catalan Leyda; from Andalusian Arabic لاردة (“Lèrideh”); from Latin Ilerda, originating with the name of an Iberian tribe. Compare Spanish Lérida.

Lleida (a province in western Catalonia, Spain)

Lleida (the capital city of the province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain)


Santa Cruz de Tenerife

Santa Cruz de Tenerife
Santa Cruz de Tenerife#English

Santa Cruz de Tenerife (a province of the Canary Islands, Spain; capital: Santa Cruz de Tenerife)

Santa Cruz de Tenerife (a city in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain)


Pontevedra

Pontevedra (a province of Galicia, Spain; capital: Pontevedra)

Pontevedra (a city in Pontevedra, Spain)


Lugo

Lugo (a city, the provincial capital of Lugo, Spain)


Cíclades

Borrowed from Latin Cyclades, from Ancient Greek Κυκλάδες (Kukládes).

Cyclades (An archipelago of Greece in the Aegean)


Marques

administrative region
administrative region

Marche (an administrative region in central Italy)


Còrdova

Córdoba (a province of Andalusia, Spain)


Rodes

Borrowed from Latin Rhodus, from Ancient Greek Ῥόδος (Rhódos), of uncertain etymology.

Rhodes (an island, regional unit, and city in South Aegean, Greece)


Ardecha

Ardèche (a department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Europa Occidental

Western Europe (a geographical region of Europe)


Esmirna

Borrowed from Latin Smyrna, from Ancient Greek Σμύρνα (Smúrna).

Smyrna (an ancient city in Asia Minor, in modern Turkey)

İzmir (a modern city, the capital of İzmir Province, in western Turkey)


Holanda Septentrional

North Holland (a province of the Netherlands)


Nova Orleans

New Orleans (a city in the United States)


Marsella

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Marseille (the capital city of the Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; capital city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)


Sudan del Sud

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Sudan del Sud.wav

South Sudan (a country in East Africa, formerly the southern part of Sudan)


Priorat

From priorat (“priory; territory administered by a prior”). Historically, the central region of the comarca was administered by the Carthusian Monastery of Santa Maria d'Escaladei.

Priorat (a comarca in Tarragona province, Catalonia, Spain; capital: Falset)


Aràbia Saudita

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Llobregat

[ʎu.βɾəˈɣat]

Inherited from Latin Rubricātus (“reddish”).


Constança

Borrowed from Latin Cōnstantia, perhaps via French Constance.

Konstanz (a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany)


Almeria

Almeria (a province of Andalusia, Spain; capital: Almeria)


Txetxènia

[t͡ʃəˈt͡ʃɛ.ni.ə]

Chechnya (a republic of the northern Caucasus of Russia; capital: Grozny)


Heraclea

(historical) Heraclea (the name of numerous Hellenistic cities named after Heracles)


Txèquia

Czech Republic, Czechia (a country in Central Europe; official name: República Txeca)


Carolina del Sud

South Carolina (a state of the United States)


Fraga

Fraga (a town in Bajo Cinca, Huesca, Aragon, Spain)


barranc

Of uncertain, maybe pre-Roman origin. Cognate of Spanish barranco.


Pallars

From pallar (“covered in straw”), from Latin paleāris, probably in reference to huts with thatched roofs.

A historical territory of Catalonia, now divided into Pallars Sobirà and Pallars Jussà


Urgell

From Latin Urgellum, from Iberian *uŕki or related to Basque ur.

A historical county of Catalonia, divided into the modern comarques of Alt Urgell, Noguera, Solsonès, Pla d'Urgell, Baix Urgell, and the country of Andorra


Tremp

From a pre-Roman form *Trimplo, of uncertain origin.

The capital of Pallars Jussà, in the province of Lleida, Catalonia


Milà

Milan (the capital city of Lombardy, Italy)

Milan (a metropolitan city of Lombardy, Italy)


Castelló

Castellón de la Plana
Castellón de la Plana#English

Castellón (a province of Valencia, Spain; capital: Castellón de la Plana)


Lícia

Lycia (a historical region and province of the Roman Empire, located in Asia Minor)


Holanda Meridional

South Holland (a province of the Netherlands)


Picardia

Picardy (a former administrative region and historical province of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Hauts-de-France)


Tebes

Thebes (a city in Egypt), located on the site of present-day Luxor


Borgonya

From earlier Burgunya or Borgunya, from French Bourgogne, from Late Latin Burgundia.

Burgundy (a historical region in France, now part of the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté)


Munic

Borrowed from French Munich, from Middle High German Munichen, from Old High German munihum, dative plural of munih (“monk”), from Ancient Greek μοναχός (monakhós).

Munich (the capital and largest city of Bavaria, Germany)


Tòquio

From Japanese 東京 (Tōkyō, literally “eastern capital”).

der

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan)


Babilònia

Borrowed from Latin Babylonia, from Ancient Greek Βαβυλωνία (Babulōnía).

Babylon (an ancient city in Mesopotamia)


Ribagorça

From Latin rīpa (“riverbank”) and a pre-Roman element of uncertain meaning.

A historical county of the Kingdom of Aragon which reverted to the Spanish Crown in 1598

Ribagorza (a historical region in Aragon and Catalonia, consisting of the southern portion of the mediaeval county)

Ribagorza (a comarca in Aragon, Spain; capitals: Graus and Benavarri). It represents the western half of the aforementioned historic region, the eastern half forming the Catalan comarca of Alta Ribagorça


Carcassona

Holonym: Aude

Carcassonne (a city in Aude, region of Occitania, France)


Guinea Equatorial

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English:_Q983

Equatorial Guinea (a country in Central Africa)


Noguera

A comarca in Lleida, Catalonia, Spain, part of the historical County of Urgell


massís

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *massīcius. By surface analysis, massa + -ís.


Mesopotàmia

Borrowed from Latin Mesopotamia, from Ancient Greek Μεσοποταμία (Mesopotamía).

Mesopotamia (a historical region in the Middle East)

Mesopotamia (a province of the Roman Empire)


Peloponès

Borrowed from Latin Peloponnēsus, from Ancient Greek Πελοπόννησος (Pelopónnēsos).

Πελοπόννησος


Gandia

Gandia (a city in Valencia, Valencia, Spain)


Figueres

Figueres (the administrative capital of Alt Empordà, Girona, Catalonia, Spain)


Cardona

A town in Bages, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain


Bohèmia

Bohemia (a region of the Czech Republic)


Alsàcia

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Alsatia, from Old High German ali sazzo (“inhabitant of the other”) (referring to the opposite bank of the Rhine), from Proto-West Germanic *alljas (“other”) + *sittjan (“inhabitant”, literally “sitter”).

q

Alsace (a region, former administrative region, and historical province of France, located on the west bank of the upper Rhine; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Grand Est)


Gènova

Genoa (the capital city of Liguria, Italy)

Genoa (a metropolitan city of Liguria, Italy)


Vaticà

Learned borrowing from Latin Vātī̆cānus (“Vatican Hill”), from vātēs (“soothsayer, oracle”).

lbor

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Vila-real

Villareal, A city in Castelló, Valencia, Spain


Nigèria

Nigeria (a country in West Africa, south of the country of Niger)


Seül

Borrowed from Korean 서울 (Seoul, literally “capital city”) via French Séoul.


Sòria

Soria (a province of Castile and León, Spain)

Soria (a city in Soria, Castile and León, Spain)


Avinyó

Avignon (a city, the capital of the Vaucluse department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


Bordeus

From Latin Burdigala, from a Proto-Celtic root. Compare the Occitan form of the name Occitan Bordèu.

Bordeaux (the capital city of the Gironde department, France; capital city of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine)


Saona

Borrowed from French Saône, from Latin Sauconna, from the Celtic/Gaulish river goddess Souconna, from a Proto-Celtic word meaning "the flowing, the suckler," from Proto-Indo-European *sewg-, *sewk-.


Llombardia

Lombardy (an administrative region in northern Italy, where its capital and the largest city Milan is founded in the Po Valley)


Germània

(historical) Germania (an ancient region in Central Europe, roughly corresponding to modern Germany)


Guipúscoa

Guipúzcoa (a province of the Basque Country, Spain)


Il·líria

(historical) Illyria (a province of the Roman Empire)


Niça

Borrowed from Italian, from Latin Nīcaea, from Ancient Greek Νῑ́καια (Nī́kaia). Doublet of Nicea.

Nice (a coastal city, the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeast France)


Montseny

Inherited from Latin mōntem signī (literally “mountain of the sign”), from the historical use of the range as a landmark for returning sailors. Equivalent to mont + seny.

inh+

(with the definite article) Montseny (a massif in Catalonia)


Sàhara

Borrowed from Arabic صَحَارَى (ṣaḥārā, “deserts”).


Terol

Teruel (a city in Teruel, Aragon, Spain)


Armanyac

Armagnac (A region and former county of the duchy of Gascony in modern-day France)


Bearn

Béarn (a historical region in Gascony, France)


Biscaia

Biscay (a province of the Basque Country, Spain)


penya

El director d'aleshores era En Sánchez Ortiz, un andalús simpatic i atractiu, que cercava en la penya els més excel·lents col·laboradors: […]

2013, Albert Balcells, Jaume Massó i Torrents i la modernitat, Institut d'Estudis Catalans, →ISBN, page 181:

(figurative, colloquial) circle (group of regulars)


Edimburg

Edinburgh (the capital city of Scotland)


Vesuvi

Holonym: Campània


Cesarea

Caesarea (any of numerous ancient cities in the Roman Empire)


Canàries

Canary Islands (an archipelago and autonomous community of Spain)


Alcalá

Borrowed from Spanish Alcalá, from Arabic القَلْعَة (al-qalʕa, “the citadel, the fort”).

der

the name of a number of cities and towns in Spain


Dalmàcia

Dalmatia (a traditional region in southern Croatia)

(historical) Dalmatia (a province of the Roman Empire)


Friburg

Borrowed from Alemannic German Friburg, probably via French Fribourg.


Reus

Possibly from reu (“defendant in a trial”), but more likely of a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia/Celtic origin. The city is mentioned as Reddis and Resis in medieval documents.

Reus (a city in Tarragona province, Catalonia, Spain)


Manresa

Manresa (the capital city of the comarca of Bages, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia)


Caucas

Borrowed from Latin Caucasus, from Ancient Greek Καύκασος (Kaúkasos).


Lió

Lyon, Lyons (the capital city of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Jordà

Borrowed from Latin Iordanēs, from Ancient Greek Ἰορδάνης (Iordánēs), from Biblical Hebrew יַרְדֵּן (yardén, “Jordan (river)”).

Jordan (a river in Western Asia, in the Middle East, that empties into the Dead Sea, flowing through Israel, the Golan Heights, the West Bank and Jordan)


Estrasburg

Strasbourg (the capital city of the Bas-Rhin department, France; capital city of the region of Grand Est)


Granollers

* from granolla (“frog”);
* from Vulgar Latin *grānuculārios (“granaries”), from *grānuculum, diminutive of grānum (“a grain”).

Granollers (the capital of Vallès Oriental, Barcelona, Spain)


rambla

Borrowed from Arabic رَمْلَة (ramla, “sand”).


Emirats Àrabs Units

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Emirats Àrabs Units.wav

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English:_Q878

United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Bellera

A river in Pallars Jussà, Lleida, Catalonia


Àlaba

Álava (a province of the Basque Country, Spain)


Calàbria

Calabria (a peninsula and administrative region of southern Italy)


Berga

From Latin Bergistani, the name of an Iberian tribe in the region, of uncertain origin.

Berga (the capital city of the comarca of Berguedà, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia)


Bages

Possibly related to the name of the ancient Roman resort of Catalan Baiae on the Bay of Naples.

Bages (a comarca in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia)


Berguedà

Berguedà (a comarca in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia)


Castellnou

From castell (“castle”) + nou (“new”). Compare English Newcastle, French Neuchâtel, Italian Castelnuovo, etc.

Castellnou (the name of various towns in Catalonia)


Cerdanya

Inherited from Latin Ceretania, referring to the local pre-Roman tribe of the Ceretani, probably from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, perhaps Iberian or Basque (compare harri (“hard, stone, rock”)).

Cerdanya (a historical region of Catalonia currently divided between the provinces of Lleida and Girona in Spain and the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France)


Balaguer

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic بلغي (“Balàghey”).

Balaguer (a town in Lleida, Catalonia, Spain)


Conflent

Northern Catalonia
Northern Catalonia#English

Conflent (a comarca in Northern Catalonia)


Martorell

From Latin martyr + -ellus, literally “little martyrs, place of martyrs”.

af

Martorell (a municipality of Baix Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain)


Martorelles

→ English: Martorelles

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *martyrētula (“place of little cemeteries”), from martyr+-ētum+-ulus. Related with Martorell.

inh+

Martorelles (a municipality of Vallès Oriental, Barcelona, Spain)


Dàcia

Dacia (an ancient kingdom and province of the Roman Empire; modern Romania and Moldova)


Fígols

Possibly from a Vulgar Latin *fīculōs, diminutive of fīcōs (“fig trees”).

Fígols (A municipality in the comarca of Berguedà in Catalonia, Spain)


Empordà

Empordà (a historical region the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain). It is currently divided into two administrative comarques, Alt Empordà and Baix Empordà


Gavet

From a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia root.

A small village in Pallars Jussà, Catalonia


Sogorb

Segorbe (a municipality of Castellón, Spain)


Gascunya

Gascony (a former region in France, the southern part of the historical region of Aquitaine)


Hortoneda

A small village in Pallars Jussà, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain


Foix

Foix (the capital city of the Ariège department, France; capital city)

A former county in the region of Comenge, in Occitania, France


Maurici

Borrowed from Late Latin Mauritius, derived from Maurus (“Moor; dark, swarthy”). Given name popularized by a 3rd-century Roman soldier martyr.

Mauritius (A country in the Indian Ocean, east of East Africa and Madagascar)

Mauritius (The main island of the country of Mauritius)


Sinaí

Sinai (a peninsula in eastern Egypt, and the only part of the country located in Asia)

Sinai (a mountain in Sinai Peninsula, the location where Moses is said to have received the Ten Commandments from God)


Anoia

Anoia (a comarca in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; capital: Igualada)


Alcoi

Uncertain. Arabic, Latin, and Iberian etymologies have all been proposed.

Alcoy (a municipality of Alacant, Valencia, Spain)


Vallès

A historical territory of Catalonia, Barcelona, now divided into the comarques of Vallès Occidental and Vallès Oriental


Villena

Uncertain. From either Latin Velliena (from Vellius+-ana. Proposed by Menéndez Pidál) or Arabic بِلْيَانَة (bilyāna) (proposed by Domene Verdú)

Valencian Community
Valencian Community#English

A city in Alicante, Valencian Community, Spain


Gran Bretanya

[ˈɡɾam bɾəˈta.ɲə]


Andaman

Andaman Islands (an archipelago in the Bay of Bengal)


Requesens

Sicilian: Requisenz

A neighbourhood in La Jonquera, Catalonia, Spain


Peralada

A village in Alt Empordà, Girona, Catalonia, Spain


Jònia

From Latin Iōnia, from Ancient Greek Ἰωνία (Iōnía), possibly of pre-Greek origin.

Ionia (a region of Asia Minor, in modern Turkey)


Roine

Rhone (a river in Switzerland and France)

Rhône (a department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Prades

A municipality of Baix Camp, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain


Penedès

From penya (“crag”). Compare Galician penedo (“rocky outcrop”).

A region in southern Catalonia, divided among the comarques of Alt Penedès, Baix Penedès and Garraf


Ripoll

Likely from Latin rīvus pōpulōrum (“river of poplars”).

der

Ripoll (the capital of Ripollès, Girona, Catalonia)


Oriola

A municipality of Alacant, in the Autonomous Community of Valencia, in eastern Spain


Torí

Turin (a city and province of Piedmont, Italy)


Olot

The capital of the comarca of Garrotxa, in the province of Girona, Catalonia


Osona

From Late Latin Ausōna, from Latin Ausa, ancient name of the town of Vic.

Osona (a historical territory and comarca in the provinces of Barcelona and Girona, Catalonia, Spain)


Sarrià

Perhaps from Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌷𐍂𐌾𐌰 (sahrja) or from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia.

Sarrià-Sant Gervasi
Sarrià-Sant Gervasi#English

A neighbourhood of Sarrià-Sant Gervasi district, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain


Sitges

A town in Garraf district, Barcelona province, Catalonia, Spain


Solsona

the capital city of Solsonès in the province of Lleida in Catalonia


Segre

Inherited from Latin Sicoris, of uncertain Proto-Celtic origin.

A river in France, Spain and Andorra, an affluent of the Ebro


Besalú

A small village in Garrotxa, Girona, Catalonia, Spain


Boí

A small village in Alta Ribagorça, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain


Piles

Piles (a city in Safor, Valencia, Valencia, Spain)


Garriga

A municipality in the comarca of Vallès Oriental, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia


Salt

A municipality in northeastern Catalonia, Spain


Selva

Selva (a comarca in Girona, Catalonia, Spain)


República Centreafricana

Calque of French République centrafricaine.

clq

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English:_Q929

Central African Republic (a country in Central Africa)


Tiberíades

Borrowed from Latin Tiberiadis, genitive of Tiberias, from Ancient Greek Τιβεριάς (Tiberiás). Named after Roman Emperor Tiberius.


Pulla

Apulia (a peninsula and administrative region in southern Italy)


Igualada

Igualada (the capital city of Anoia comarca, Barcelona province, Catalonia, Spain)


Ciutat del Vaticà

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Ciutat del Vaticà.wav

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Swazilàndia

Eswatini (a country in Southern Africa, formerly called Swaziland)


República Democràtica del Congo

[rəˈpub.bli.kə ðə.muˈkɾa.ti.kə ðəl ˈkoŋ.ɡu]

[rəˈpub.bli.kə ðə.moˈkɾa.ti.kə ðəl ˈkoŋ.ɡo]

[reˈpu.bli.ka ðe.moˈkɾa.ti.ka ðel ˈkoŋ.ɡo]

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-República Democràtica del Congo.wav

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English:_Q974

Democratic Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa)


Micronèsia

Micronesia (a geographical region of Oceania)

Micronesia (A country consisting of about 2000 islands in Oceania)


llacuna

Semi-learned borrowing from Latin lacūna.


Xampanya

Champagne (a historical region in France)


Iang-Tsé

Borrowed from French Yangtsé, from Mandarin 揚子／扬子 (Yángzǐ), the former local name for a stretch of the Lower Yangtze.

dofí del Iang-tsé
Yangtze dolphin; baiji


Rocafort

A town, a municipality of Valencia, Valencia, Spain


Dubs

Borrowed from French Doubs, Gaulish Dubis.

Doubs (a department of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France; capital: Besançon)


planícia

plain (an expanse of land with relatively low relief)


Tànger

From Arabic طَنْجَة (ṭanja), from Latin Tingis, from Punic 𐤕𐤍𐤂 (tng).

Tangier (a port city in Morocco, on the Strait of Gibraltar)


Marràqueix

Borrowed from French Marrakech, from Morrocan Arabic مَرَّاكُش (marrākuš), from Berber ⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⵛ (amur n akuc, literally “Land of God”).

Marrakech (the capital city of the Marrakesh-Safi region, Morocco)


Colònia

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Cologne (the largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in northwestern Germany)


Orient Mitjà

(geopolitics) Middle East (a region of Western Asia and North Africa)


Eixample

From eixample (“expansion, extension”), nominalized from the verb eixamplar (“to widen, to extend”). Compare Spanish Ensanche.


Macedònia del Nord

North Macedonia
North Macedonia#English:_Q221

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

North Macedonia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Nova Caledònia

New Caledonia (an archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania)


Adiguèsia

Adygea (a republic of south-west Russia; capital: Maykop)


Arieja

Ariège (a department of Occitanie, France)


Daguestan

Borrowed from Russian Дагестан (Dagestan).


Carèlia

Karelia (an autonomous republic of Russia)


Marí El

Mari El (a republic of Russia; capital: Yoshkar-Ola)


Alta Garona

Haute-Garonne (a department of Occitanie, France)


Ossètia del Nord

North Ossetia-Alania
North Ossetia-Alania


Boques del Roine

Bouches-du-Rhône (a department of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France; capital: Marseille)


Alps de l'Alta Provença

ca-proper noun

Alps de l'Alta Provença m pl (plural only)


Costa d'Or

[ˈkɔs.tə ˈð‿ɔr]

Côte-d'Or (a department of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France; capital: Dijon)


Finisterre

Finistere (a cape and department of Brittany, France).


Khakàssia

Khakassia (a republic of central south Russia; capital: Abakan)


Alvèrnia-Roine-Alps

Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (an administrative region of France, created in 2016 by the merger of Auvergne and Rhône-Alpes)


Borgonya-Franc Comtat

Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (an administrative region in eastern France, created in 2016 by the merger of Burgundy and Franche-Comté)


Franc Comtat

Franche-Comté (a historical region in France, now part of the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté)


Provença-Alps-Costa Blava

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (an administrative region of France)


Gran Est

Grand Est (an administrative region in northeastern France, created in 2016 by the fusion of Alsace, Lorraine and Champagne-Ardenne)


Nova Aquitània

Nouvelle-Aquitaine (an administrative region in southwestern France, established in 2016 by the merger of Aquitaine, Limousin, and Poitou-Charentes)


País del Loira

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English:_Q16994

Pays de la Loire (an administrative region of France, near Brittany)


Alts de França

Hauts-de-France (an administrative region of France, created in 2016 by the merger of Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Picardy)


Guaiana Francesa

French Guiana
French Guiana#English:_Q3769

administrative region
administrative region

French Guiana (an overseas department and administrative region of France in South America)


Àvila

Castile and León
Castile and León#English

Ávila (a province in Castile and León, Spain; capital: Ávila).

Ávila (a city in Ávila province, Castile and León).


Càceres

Cáceres (a province of Extremadura, Spain)

Cáceres (a city, the provincial capital of Extremadura, Spain)


Illa de França

Île-de-France (an administrative region in north-central France, including Paris)


Logronyo

Logroño (the capital city of La Rioja, Spain)


la Corunya

Borrowed from Galician A Coruña, from earlier A Cruña, from a proposed Celtiberian *clunia (“humid place; prairie”) akin to the Gaulish root of the French toponym Cluny.

der

A Coruña (a city, the provincial capital of A Coruña, Spain)


Castella-la Manxa

Castile-La Mancha
Castile-La Mancha#English

autonomous community
autonomous community

Castile-La Mancha (an autonomous community of Spain)


Palència

Palencia (a province of Castile and León, Spain; capital: Palencia)


Apalatxes

Ultimately from the name of the Apalachees, a Muskogean people.

Appalachians (a mountain range in North America)


Colúmbia Britànica

British Columbia
British Columbia#English


Calcedònia

Chalcedon (an ancient maritime town in Bithynia, Asia Minor, in modern Turkey)


Lusitània

Lusitania (an ancient kingdom and province of the Roman Empire in northeastern Iberia)


Groenlàndia

Greenland (a large self-governing island and dependent territory of Denmark, in North America)


Llemotges

Limoges (a city, the capital of the Haute-Vienne department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France), formerly the capital of the old Limousin region


Pomerània

Pomerania (a region of Germany and Poland)


Emília-Romanya

Emilia-Romagna (an administrative region of northern Italy)


Abruços

Abruzzo (an administrative region in central Italy)


Illes Canàries

Canary Islands (an archipelago and autonomous community of Spain)


República Islàmica de l'Iran

República Islàmica de l’Iran (canonical feminine)

Islamic Republic of Iran
Islamic Republic of Iran


Comunitat de Madrid

Community of Madrid
Community of Madrid#English

Community of Madrid (an autonomous community of Spain)


Poblenou

A neighborhood of Sant Martí district, Barcelona, Catalonia


Filadèlfia

Philadelphia (a large city in the United States)


Cracòvia

Borrowed from Latin Cracōvia, from Polish Kraków.


Agrigent

Agrigento (a city and province of Italy)


Oristany

Oristano (a city and province of Sardinia, Italy)


Dodecanès

Dodecanese (an archipelago of Greece, in the Aegean Sea)


Muntènia

Muntenia (a historical region in Romania)


Guaiana

From the local language (probably Cariban or Arawakan).

Guiana (a geological region in northern South America)


bruguera

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin brūgāria.


Hèbrides

[ˈɛ.βɾi.ðəs]


Trinitat i Tobago

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Trinitat i Tobago.wav

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English

Trinidad and Tobago (a country consisting of two main islands in the Caribbean)


Vallès Occidental

Castellar del Vallès
Castellar del Vallès

Cerdanyola del Vallès
Cerdanyola del Vallès

Palau-solità i Plegamans
Palau-solità i Plegamans

Sant Cugat del Vallès
Sant Cugat del Vallès

Sant Quirze del Vallès
Sant Quirze del Vallès

Santa Perpètua de Mogoda
Santa Perpètua de Mogoda

A comarca in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia. Capitals: Sabadell and Terrassa. It also includes the municipalities of Badia del Vallès, Barberà del Vallès, Castellar del Vallès, Castellbisbal, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Gallifa, Matadepera, Montcada i Reixac, Palau-solità i Plegamans, Polinyà, Rellinars, Ripollet, Rubí, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Sant Llorenç Savall, Sant Quirze del Vallès, Santa Perpètua de Mogoda, Sentmenat, Ullastrell, Vacarisses and Viladecavalls


Brabant Flamenc

[bɾəˈβaɱ fləˈmɛŋ]


Illa del Príncep Eduard

Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island#English

Prince Edward Island (a province of Canada)


Austràlia Occidental

Western Australia
Western Australia#English

Western Australia (a state of Australia)


Argòvia

[ərˈɡɔ.βi.ə]


Brabant Septentrional

North Brabant (a province of the Netherlands)


Cabília

Kabylia (a region of northern Algeria inhabited chiefly by the Kabyles)


alfac

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic الفك (al-fákk), from Arabic فَكّ (fakk, “jaw(bone)”).

bor+

Tota la colla eixí a cercar ous de tortuga a l’alfac.

The whole gang went out to look for turtle eggs on the sandbar.

a shoal which forms at the mouth of a river


Coserans

Couserans (a region of the Ariège department, Occitanie, France)


iroquès

ca-adj

iroquès (feminine iroquesa, masculine plural iroquesos, feminine plural iroqueses)

iroquesa (feminine)
iroquesos (masculine plural)
iroqueses (feminine plural)

Borrowed from French iroquois. Perhaps ultimately from Algonquian–Basque pidgin hilokoa (“killer”), from Basque hil (“to kill”).


iroquès

ca-noun

iroquès m (plural iroquesos, feminine iroquesa)


Moràvia

Moravia (a historical region in the Czech Republic)


Llevant

Levant (a region of Western Asia, consisting of the predominantly Arab countries of the eastern Mediterranean)


Verkhoiansk

Borrowed from Russian Верхоянск (Verxojansk).


pedregar

ca-verb

pedregar (first-person singular present pedrego, first-person singular preterite pedreguí, past participle pedregat); root stress: (Central) /ɛ/; (Valencia) /e/; (Balearic) /ə/

pedregar (canonical)
root stress: (canonical)
ɛ (canonical)
/e/ (canonical)
/ə/ (canonical)
pedrego (first-person present singular)
pedreguí (first-person preterite singular)
pedregat (participle past)
pedregar (infinitive)
pedregant (gerund)
pedregat (masculine participle past singular)
pedregada (feminine participle past singular)
pedregats (masculine participle past plural)
pedregades (feminine participle past plural)
pedrego (first-person indicative present singular)
pedregues (indicative present second-person singular)
pedrega (indicative present singular third-person)
pedreguem (first-person indicative plural present)
pedregueu (indicative plural present second-person)
pedreguen (indicative plural present third-person)
pedregava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
pedregaves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
pedregava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
pedregàvem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
pedregàveu (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
pedregaven (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
pedregaré (first-person future indicative singular)
pedregaràs (future indicative second-person singular)
pedregarà (future indicative singular third-person)
pedregarem (first-person future indicative plural)
pedregareu (future indicative plural second-person)
pedregaran (future indicative plural third-person)
pedreguí (first-person indicative preterite singular)
pedregares (indicative preterite second-person singular)
pedregà (indicative preterite singular third-person)
pedregàrem (first-person indicative plural preterite)
pedregàreu (indicative plural preterite second-person)
pedregaren (indicative plural preterite third-person)
pedregaria (conditional first-person indicative singular)
pedregaries (conditional indicative second-person singular)
pedregaria (conditional indicative singular third-person)
pedregaríem (conditional first-person indicative plural)
pedregaríeu (conditional indicative plural second-person)
pedregarien (conditional indicative plural third-person)
pedregui (first-person present singular subjunctive)
pedreguis (present second-person singular subjunctive)
pedregui (present singular subjunctive third-person)
pedreguem (first-person plural present subjunctive)
pedregueu (plural present second-person subjunctive)
pedreguin (plural present subjunctive third-person)
pedregués (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
pedreguessis (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
pedregués (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
pedreguéssim (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
pedreguéssiu (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
pedreguessin (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
pedrega (imperative second-person)
pedregui (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular)
pedreguem (first-person imperative plural)
pedregueu (imperative plural second-person)
pedreguin (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically)
no pedreguis (imperative negative second-person)
no pedregui (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular)
no pedreguem (first-person imperative negative plural)
no pedregueu (imperative negative plural second-person)
no pedreguin (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically)

From pedra (“stone”) + -egar from Latin -icāre.


Pirineus Orientals

Pyrénées-Orientales (a department of Occitanie, France; capital: Perpignan)


Port-of-Spain

Port of Spain (the capital city of Trinidad and Tobago)


clotada

Entre els dos grups de cingleres hi ha una clotada formada per un torrent.

Between the two groups of cliffs there is a gulch formed by an intermittent stream.

an area of lower elevation; a dip, depression, ravine, etc.


tómbol

Borrowed from Italian tombolo, from Latin tumulus. Doublet of túmul.

tombolo (sandy spit connecting an island to the mainland)


Samoa Occidental

Western Samoa (the former name of Samoa, a country in Oceania)


Arle

Arles (a city in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, France)


barrancada

spate (a river or ravine at flood stage)


areny

Inherited from Vulgar Latin arēnĕum, from arēna (“sand”).

a sandy place, such as a sandbank, a sand dune, a sandy beach, etc.


raiguer

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *rādīcārius, from rādīx (“root”).


canyó

Borrowed from Spanish cañón. Cognate with English canyon, also a borrowing from Spanish.


Tàrraco

Hispania Tarraconensis
Hispania Tarraconensis#English

Tarraco (an ancient city in Hispania Tarraconensis in the Roman Empire, in modern Spain; modern Tarragona)


Terra del Foc

Calque of Spanish Tierra del Fuego (“land of fire”).


illes Galápagos

Partial calque of Spanish islas Galápagos.

partial calque

An archipelago off the coast of Ecuador, in the Pacific Ocean


Francònia

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Franconia.

lbor

Franconia (a traditional region and former duchy in Germany)


Pont

Learned borrowing from Latin Pontus, from Ancient Greek Πόντος (Póntos). Doublet of Pontos.

(historical) Pontus (an ancient region and kingdom on the south coast of the Black Sea)


Canigó

→ French: Canigou

Lo Canigó es una magnolia immensa / que en un rebrot del Pirineu se bada;

1901 [1886], Jacint Verdaguer, “Cant II. Flordeneu”, in Canigó […] , Barcelona: Biblioteca de «Catalunya Artística»:

Canigou (a mountain the Pyrénées-Orientales department, southern France)


bassa de marea

ca-noun

bassa de marea f (plural basses de marea)


Fornells

Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands#English


Illes Salomó

illes Salomó (canonical feminine plural)

Calque of Spanish Islas Salomón. Named after Biblical King Solomon.

Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands#English:_Q685

Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands#English:_Q148966

Solomon Islands (A country consisting of the majority of the Solomon Islands archipelago in Melanesia, in Oceania, as well as the Santa Cruz Islands)

Solomon Islands (An archipelago in Melanesia, split between the countries of the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea)


Patagònia

Borrowed from Spanish Patagonia, from patagón (“Patagonian”).

Patagonia (a geographical region in southern South America)


baldana

(Mallorca) the lower slopes of a mountain


Mèdia

Learned borrowing from Latin Mēdia, from Ancient Greek Μηδία (Mēdía), from Μῆδος (Mêdos).

(historical) Media (a region in northwestern Iran)


Talteüll

→ French: Tautavel

Tautavel (a village in the Pyrénées-Orientales department, France)


Catalunya Nord

Northern Catalonia (that part of the historical Principality of Catalonia ceded to France by the Treaty of the Pyrenees)


Trèveris

Trier (a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)


Magúncia

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Maguntia, from Classical Latin Mogontiacum.

lbor

Mainz (a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)


Coblença

Borrowed from French Coblence, from Middle High German Kobelenz, from Latin Cōnfluentēs, referring to the confluence of the Rhine and Moselle rivers.

Koblenz (a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)


Gagaúsia

Gagauzia (an autonomous region of Moldova)


faralló

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *faraliōne, via metathesis from Ancient Greek φαλαριῶν (phalariôn), from φάλαρος (phálaros, “having a white spot”).


Cadaqués

Contraction of cap de quers (“cape of rocks”).

A coastal town in Girona, Catalonia, Spain


fonera

From fons + -era, or directly from Vulgar Latin *fundāria.

(geology) a depression or hollow in the sea floor


Lusàcia

Borrowed from New Latin Lusatia, from Upper Sorbian łužicy (“swamp, swampy land”).

der

Lusatia (a historical region in Germany and Poland)


aragall

Morchella conica
Wikispecies:Morchella conica


El Clot

From Medieval Latin Clotum Melis (“honey hole”).

A neighborhood of Sant Martí district, Barcelona, Catalonia


Sàhara Occidental

Western Sahara
Western Sahara#English:_Q6250

Western Sahara (A territory and former Spanish colony in North Africa, now mostly occupied by Morocco, which claims ownership over the territory)


Transcaucàsia

From trans- + Caucas + -ia, calque of Russian Закавка́зье (Zakavkázʹje).


Càller

Sicilian: Càlliri

Cagliari (a province and capital city of Sardinia, Italy)


Lanamesa

Lannemezan (a town in the Hautes-Pyrénées department, France)


Herculà

Herculaneum (an ancient city in the Roman Empire, in modern Italy)


Kíiv

Kyiv (a city, the capital, the administrative centre of Kyiv, Ukraine)


xemeneia de fades

ca-noun

xemeneia de fades f (plural xemeneies de fades)


Llagostera

Llagostera (a municipality of Gironès, Girona, Spain)


Alt Penedès

Vilafranca del Penedès
Vilafranca del Penedès#English

A comarca in the Penedès region, Barcelona province, Catalonia, Spain. Capital: Vilafranca del Penedès


Baix Penedès

A comarca in the Penedès region, Tarragona province, Catalonia, Spain. Capital: El Vendrell


Gironès

Gironès (a comarca in Girona province, Catalonia, Spain)


Àsia Meridional

Holonym: Àsia


Àsia Oriental

Holonym: Àsia


Àsia Occidental

Holonym: Àsia


Àsia Central

Holonym: Àsia


Àsia Sud-oriental

Holonym: Àsia


Samoa Nord-americana

American Samoa (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United States in the Pacific Ocean)


golf de Mèxic

Gulf of Mexico (a gulf of the Caribbean Sea)


golf de Bengala

Bay of Bengal (a gulf of the Indian Ocean)


golf del Lleó

Mediterranean Sea
Mediterranean Sea#English

Gulf of Lion (a gulf of the Mediterranean Sea)


Jammu i Caixmir

Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir#English

Jammu and Kashmir (a union territory of India)


illes Poncianes

Pontine Islands (an archipelago in Italy, in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Mediterranean)


Balutxistan

Balochistan (a historical region now divided between Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran)


Alcarràs

From Arabic الْكَرَز (al-karaz, “cherry tree”).


Solsonès

A comarca in Lleida, Catalonia, Spain, part of the historical County of Urgell


Alt Camp

Literally, “high field/plain” (referring to the Camp de Tarragona).

A comarca in Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain, part of the historical region of Camp de Tarragona


Baix Camp

Literally, “low field/plain” (referring to the Camp de Tarragona).


Camp de Tarragona

A historical region in Tarragona, Catalonia consisting of the modern comarques of Alt Camp, Baix Camp, and Tarragonès


selva pluvial

ca-noun

selva pluvial f (plural selves pluvials)


selva tropical

selva tropical f (plural selves tropicals)


Pitiüses

Borrowed from Latin Pityusae, from Ancient Greek Πιτυοῦσσαι (Pituoûssai), from πίτυς (pítus, “pine”).

a group of islands within the Balearic Islands, Spain, consisting of Eivissa, Formentera, and surrounding islets


Illes Salvatges

Savage Islands (an archipelago in Portugal)


Ripollès

Ripollès (a comarca in the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain; capital: Ripoll)


Baix Ebre

Literally, “low Ebro”, the name of a river.

A comarca in the province of Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain. Capital: Tortosa


Baix Llobregat

From baix (“low”) + Llobregat, the name of a river.

Sant Feliu de Llobregat
Sant Feliu de Llobregat#English

A comarca in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Capital: Sant Feliu de Llobregat


Falset

Popularly derived from falç (“sickle”) + -et, a diminutive suffix. Other suggested roots include Latin filix (“fern”) and fēlīx (“happy”).

The capital of the comarca of Priorat, Tarragona, Catalonia


Alt Empordà

Meronym: La Jonquera

A comarca in the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. Capital: Figueres. Together with Baix Empordà, it forms the natural and historical region of Empordà in northeast Catalonia


Baix Empordà

La Bisbal d'Empordà
Bisbal d'Empordà#English

A comarca in the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. Capital: La Bisbal d'Empordà. Together with Alt Empordà, it forms the natural and historical region of Empordà in northeast Catalonia


Pallars Sobirà

From Pallars + sobirà (“superior, upper”).

A comarca in the province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. Capital: Sort. Together with Pallars Jussà it forms the historic region of Pallars


Pallars Jussà

A comarca in the province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. Capital: Tremp. Together with Pallars Sobirà it forms the historic region of Pallars


Vendrell

Possibly from Latin Venerellus, diminutive of Venus.

El Vendrell (the capital of Baix Penedès, Catalonia, Spain)


Valls

The capital of Alt Camp, province of Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain


Moianès

A comarca in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain created in 2015 chiefly from the existing comarques of Vallès Oriental and Bages with its capital at Moià


Garrotxa

[ɡəˈrɔ.t͡ʃə]

A comarca in the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. Capital: Olot


Brujat

Brugheas (a village in the Allier department, France)