Iraq

Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Israel

Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)


Andorra

→ Japanese: アンドラ (Andora)

Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)

Andorra-Serra d'Arcs
Andorra-Serra d'Arcs

a village in Aragon, Spain, the capital of the comarca Andorra-Serra d'Arcs


Bahrain

Bahrain (an archipelago, island, and country in Western Asia, in the Persian Gulf)


Bhutan

Bhutan (a country in South Asia, in the Himalayas)


Belize

Belize (an English-speaking country in Central America, formerly called British Honduras)


Cuba

Cuba (a country, the largest island (based on land area) in the Caribbean)


Guatemala

Guatemala (a country in Central America)

Guatemala City (the capital city of Guatemala)


Iran

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Jamaica

Jamaica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Kuwait

Kuwait (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Madagascar

Madagascar (an island and country off the east coast of Africa)


Malta

Malta (an archipelago and country in Southern Europe, in the Mediterranean Sea)


Maldives

Maldives (an archipelago and country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India)


Nicaragua

Nicaragua (a country in Central America)


Brasil

Brazil (a large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


Nepal

Nepal (a country in South Asia, located between China and India)


Nauru

Nauru (a country and island of Oceania, in the Pacific Ocean)


Oman

Oman (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Portugal

From Latin Portucale < Portus Cale, former name of what is now the city of Vila Nova de Gaia.

Portugal (a country in Southern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula)


Qatar

Qatar (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Romania

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


Rwanda

alternative spelling of Ruanda: Rwanda (a country in East Africa)


Sudan

Borrowed from Arabic سُودَان (sūdān, literally “black men”), plural of أَسْوَد (ʔaswad).

bor+

Sudan (a country in North Africa and East Africa)


San Marino

San Marino (a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


El Salvador

El Salvador (a country in Central America)


Tonga

Tonga (a country and archipelago of Polynesia in Oceania)


Uganda

From Swahili Uganda (“Buganda, subnational kingdom”), from Luganda Buganda (“land of the Ganda”).


Barbados

From Portuguese barbados (“bearded ones”).

Barbados (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Burkina Faso

From Moore burkĩna (“honest”) + Dyula faso (“father's house”), coined by Thomas Sankara.

Burkina Faso (a country in West Africa, formerly Upper Volta)


Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan (a country in Central Asia)


Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka (an island and country in South Asia, off the coast of India)


Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)


Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa, larger and to the east of the Republic of the Congo)

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo

Congo, Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa, smaller and to the west of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)

Congo (a major river in Central Africa which flows for about 4,380 km (2,720 miles) to the Atlantic Ocean in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, at times forming the border with the Republic of the Congo and Angola)


Costa Rica

Costa Rica (a country in Central America)


Dominica

Dominica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Eritrea

Eritrea (a country in East Africa, on the Red Sea)


Fiji

Borrowed from Fijian Viti, from Proto-Central Pacific *viti "east, sunrise".

Fiji (a country and archipelago of over 300 islands in Melanesia in Oceania)


Saint Lucia

Saint Lucia (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Samoa

Samoa (a country consisting of the western part of the Samoan archipelago in Polynesia, in Oceania)


Montserrat

Montserrat (an island and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, in the Caribbean)

Montserrat (a mountain range in Catalonia, Spain, near Barcelona, the site of a monastery)


Taiwan

From possibly either Spanish Taiwán or English Taiwan.

Taiwan (a partly-recognized country in East Asia consisting of a main island and 167 smaller islands)


Quebec

Quebec, Quebec City (the capital city of the province of Quebec, Canada)


Montreal

Montreal (an island on which is situated the largest city in Quebec, Canada)


Minas Gerais

Minas Gerais (a state of Brazil; capital: Belo Horizonte)


Sydney

(uncountable) Sydney (a major port city, the state capital of New South Wales, Australia, and the most populous city in Australia)

(uncountable) Sydney (a seaport and former city in Nova Scotia, Canada, now part of the amalgamated Cape Breton Regional Municipality on Cape Breton Island)


Melbourne

Melbourne (the capital city of Victoria, Australia)


Salvador

Salvador (a municipality, the state capital of Bahia, Brazil)


Kuala Lumpur

Unadapted borrowing from Malay Kuala Lumpur.

ubor

Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur#English:_Q1865

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory, the capital and largest city of Malaysia, located in the western part of the country)


Hawaii

(specifically) Hawaii, Hawaii Island (an island of Hawaii archipelago, Pacific Ocean, of Hawaii County, State of Hawaii, United States)

Hawaii (an insular state of the United States, formerly a territory)


Amsterdam

Amsterdam (a city and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands; the capital city of the Netherlands)


Madrid

Community of Madrid
Community of Madrid#English

autonomous community
autonomous community

Madrid, Community of Madrid (an autonomous community of Spain)

Madrid (a province of the Community of Madrid, Spain)


Toscana

administrative region
administrative region

Tuscany (an administrative region of Italy, located north of Lazio and south of Emilia-Romagna)


Bali

Bali (an island and province of Indonesia)


Barcelona

From Iberian Barkeno, attested in an ancient coin inscription, found in Greek Βαρκινών (Barkinṓn) and Latin Barcino, Barcelo, and Barceno.

Barcelona (the capital city of Catalonia, Spain)

Barcelona (a province of Catalonia, Spain)


Florida

Florida Peninsula
Florida Peninsula#English

Florida, Florida Peninsula (the peninsula which makes up most of the state of Florida, United States)


Glasgow

Glasgow (a major city and council area of Scotland, largest city in Scotland)


Jakarta

Unadapted borrowing from Indonesian Jakarta.

Jakarta (a province and capital city of Indonesia)


Jerusalem

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


Liverpool

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

Liverpool (a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England)

Liverpool (a suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia)


Maine

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English

Maine (a river in Maine-et-Loire department, Pays de la Loire, France, a tributary of the Loire, flowing 12 km through the city of Angers from the confluence of the Mayenne and Sarthe into the Loire)

Maine (A traditional region of France, now in Pays de la Loire region.)

Maine (a state of the United States; probably named for the province in France)


Montevideo

Montevideo (the capital city of Uruguay)


Orleans

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire#English

Orleans (a city in Centre-Val de Loire, France)


Oslo

Oslo (a county and municipality, the capital city of Norway)


Hamburg

Hamburg (the second-largest city in Germany)

Hamburg (a state of Germany containing the city of the same name)


Frankfurt

Frankfurt, Frankfurt-am-Main (the largest city in Hesse, in central Germany)

Frankfurt, Frankfurt-an-der-Oder (a sizable town in Brandenburg, in eastern Germany)


Tarragona

Tarragona (a province of Catalonia, Spain)

Tarragona (a city in Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain)


Tobago

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English

Tobago (an island of Caribbean, and part of the country of Trinidad and Tobago)


Tunis

Tunis (the capital city, since 1159, and largest city of Tunisia)


Verona

Verona (a city, the capital of the province of Verona, straddling the river Adige in Veneto, northern Italy)

Verona (a province of Veneto, in northern Italy)


Trento

Borrowed from Italian Trento, from Latin Tridentum (literally “three teeth”), named for the three hills that surround the city.

der

Trentino-Alto Adige
Trentino-Alto Adige#English

Trento (a city, the capital of the province of Trentino and the region of Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy)

(rare) Trentino (a province of Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy)


Andalusia

Andalusia (a historical region and autonomous community in southern Spain, the most populated and second largest of the seventeen autonomous communities that constitute Spain)


altar

altar (flat-topped structure used for religious rites)


Brabant

Borrowed from French Brabant. Doublet of bramant.

Brussels-Capital Region
Brussels-Capital Region

Brabant (a historical province of Belgium); now divided into Flemish Brabant, Walloon Brabant, and the Brussels-Capital Region

Brabant (a historical duchy in Belgium and Netherlands)


Hainaut

Hainaut (a province of Wallonia, Belgium)


Namur

Namur (the capital city of Namur, Belgium)


Bruges

Borrowed from French Bruges, from Old French, from Old Dutch Bruges, Bruggas, Brugias, probably from brugga (“bridge”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *brugjǭ.

Bruges (the capital city of West Flanders province, Belgium)


Alexandria

Borrowed from Latin Alexandrīa, from Ancient Greek Ἀλεξάνδρεια (Alexándreia).


Utrecht

Utrecht (a city and municipality, the capital of Utrecht province, Netherlands)


Leningrad

(historical) Leningrad (a major city in Russia), now Saint Petersburg


Cambridge

Cambridge (a city in Cambridgeshire, England)


Turquia

Southeastern Europe
Southeastern Europe#English

Turkey (a country located in Eastern Thrace in Southeastern Europe and Anatolia in western Asia)


Jura

Jura (a department of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)


Macau

Macau (a city, special administrative region, and peninsula in China, west of Hong Kong)


Odessa

Odessa (a city, the administrative center of Odesa Oblast, Ukraine)


Texas

Texas (a state in the south-central region of the United States)


Bilbao

Bilbao (the largest city in the Basque Country, in nothern Spain, and capital city of the province of Biscay, Spain)


Zaire

(historical) Zaire (former name of the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a country in Central Africa; used from 1971–1997)


Gibraltar

from Arabic جَبَل طَارِق (jabal ṭāriq, “Mount Tariq”), probably via Spanish Gibraltar.

جَبَل طَارِق

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)


Alaska

Alaska (a state of the United States, formerly a territory)

Alaska Peninsula
Alaska Peninsula#English

Alaska, Alaska Peninsula (a peninsula in southwest Alaska, United States, in full the Alaska Peninsula)


Hollywood

Unadapted borrowing from English Hollywood.

ubor

Hollywood (a neighbourhood of Los Angeles, California, known as the center of the American motion picture industry)


Colorado

Colorado (a state in the western United States, the 38th state)


Massachusetts

Massachusetts (a state of the United States)


Missouri

Borrowed from French Missouri, from Miami wimihsoorita (“the people who have dugout canoes”).

der

Missouri (a state in the Midwestern region of the United States)


Nevada

Borrowed from English Nevada, from Spanish nevada (“snow-covered”).

Nevada (a state in the western United States)


Inca

Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands#English

a city on the Mallorca island, Balearic Islands, Spain


Chicago

Chicago (a large city in Illinois, United States)


Boston

Boston (the capital and largest city of Massachusetts, United States)


Columbia

Columbia (the capital city of South Carolina, United States)


gurdwara

Borrowed from Punjabi ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ (gurduārā).


Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires (the capital city of Argentina)


ultramar

ultramars (plural)
oltramar (alternative archaic)


Moscou

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)


Hercegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Herzegovina (a historical region consisting of the southern one-fourth of Bosnia and Herzegovina)


Afganistan

Afghanistan (a landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


Montenegro

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Montenegro (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Asp

Aspe (a town in the comarca of Vinalopó Mitjà, Alicante province, Valencia, Spain)


Baviera

Borrowed from French Bavière or Italian Baviera.

Bavaria (a historic region, former duchy, former kingdom, and modern state of Germany; the modern state includes parts of historical Swabia and Franconia as well as historical Bavaria)


Madeira

Borrowed from Portuguese Madeira, from madeira (“wood”). Doublet of matèria.

Madeira (an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean and an autonomous region of Portugal)


From Ancient Greek Νεῖλος (Neîlos), probably via Arabic نِيل (nīl).


Pisa

Pisa (a city and province of Tuscany, Italy)


Porto

Porto (a city and municipality, the district capital of Porto district, Portugal)


Volta

Borrowed from Portuguese Volta, from volta (“turnaround, return”).


Noruega

Norway (a country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe)


Medina

Medina (the capital city of the Medina region, Saudi Arabia, holy to Islam)


Urals

Urals (a mountain range in European Russia)


Atlanta

Atlanta (the capital city of Georgia, United States)


Palestina

Palestine (a historical region and province of the Roman Empire in the Levant, Asia)

State of Palestine
State of Palestine#English

Palestine, State of Palestine (a country in the Levant, Asia)


Volga

Volga (a river in Russia, the longest river in Europe, flowing 2,325 miles through western Russia to the Caspian Sea)


Luxemburg

Luxembourg (a small country in Western Europe)

Luxembourg (a province of Wallonia, Belgium)

Luxembourg, Luxembourg City (the capital city of Luxembourg)

Luxembourg (one of the twelve cantons of the country of Luxembourg, which includes its capital city)


burg

Borrowed from Late Latin burgus, from Frankish *burg (“fortress”).

(historical) a fortified settlement, fortress

(historical) the outskirts of a city, suburbs


Singapur

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony and state of Malaysia (1963-1965))


Panjab

Borrowed from Punjabi پنجاب (Panjāb), from Persian پنجاب (panj-âb, “[Land of] the Five Rivers”).

der

Punjab (a geographical region in South Asia, politically divided between India and Pakistan)


Londres

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; the capital city of England)


Tatarstan

Transliteration of Russian Татарста́н (Tatarstán).

translit

Tatarstan (a republic and federal subject of south-central Russia)


Córdoba

Córdoba (the capital of the province of Córdoba, in central Argentina)

Córdoba (a province in central Argentina)

Córdoba (a city and municipality of Veracruz, Mexico)

Córdoba (a town and municipality of Bolivar department, Colombia)

Córdoba (a town and municipality of Nariño department, Colombia)

Córdoba (a town and municipality of Quindío department, Colombia)


Kosovo

Cóssova (alternative)
Cóssovo (alternative)

Kosovo (a partly-recognized country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Anvers

Antwerp (a province of Flanders, Belgium, the most populous)

Antwerp (a large city and municipality, the capital of the province of Antwerp, Belgium; the second-largest city in Belgium)


Karachi

Karachi (a city, the capital of the province of Sindh, Pakistan)


Caire

Ultimately from Arabic الْقَاهِرَة (al-qāhira).


Santiago

Santiago de Chile
Santiago de Chile#English

Santiago, Santiago de Chile (the capital city of Chile)

Santiago Metropolitan Region
Santiago Metropolitan Region#English

Santiago, Santiago Metropolitan Region (a province of Chile)

Santiago de Compostela
Santiago de Compostela#English

Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (a city in Galicia, Spain)

Santiago (one of the ten islands of Cape Verde)


Santo Domingo

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

Santo Domingo (the capital city of the Dominican Republic)


Andorra la Vella

desc

→ Japanese: アンドラ・ラ・ベリャ (Andora ra Berya)

[ənˈdɔ.rə lə ˈβe.ʎə]

Literally, “Old Andorra”; however vella in this case may be a corruption of vila (“town”), to distinguish from the principality of Andorra as a whole.

Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella#English

Andorra la Vella (the capital city of Andorra)


Brasília

Distrito Federal
Distrito Federal#English

Brasília (a municipality, the capital city of Brazil; the capital of Distrito Federal, Brazil)


abadia

Inherited from Late Latin abbātia. Compare Occitan abadia.


Vichy

a town in Allier department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France, the capital of Vichy France during World War II


Calais

Calais (a city in Pas-de-Calais department, Hauts-de-France, France)


Siam

(historical) Siam (former name of Thailand: a country in Southeast Asia)


Corea

Korea (two countries of East Asia, North Korea and South Korea; the peninsula containing these two countries)


Bermudes

Bermuda (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the North Atlantic Ocean)


Salamanca

Castile and León
Castile and León#English

Salamanca (a province of Castile and León, Spain; capital: Salamanca)


Crimea

Crimea (a geographic region and peninsula in Eastern Europe, jutting out into the Black Sea; de facto occupied and annexed in 2014 as a republic of Russia, but internationally recognized as an autonomous republic of Ukraine :)


Dijon

Borrowed from French Dijon, from the Roman name, Latin Diviō, from the name Divius (“godly, divine”); see divus.

Dijon (the capital city of Côte-d'Or department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)


Valladolid

Valladolid (a province of Castile and León, Spain; capital: Valladolid)

Valladolid (a city in Valladolid, Spain)


Yukon

Borrowed from Gwich'in yukon (“great river”).

bor+

Yukon, Yukon Territory (a territory in northern Canada)

Yukon, Yukon River (a river in northwest Canada and Alaska)


Sevilla

Borrowed from Arabic إِشْبِيلِيَة (ʔišbīliya), from Latin Hispalis, ultimately from Phoenician 𐤔𐤐𐤋𐤄 (šplh /sefela/, “plain, valley”).

إِشْبِيلِيَة

der

Seville (the capital city of Andalusia, Spain)

Seville (a province of Andalusia, Spain)


Nantes

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English

Nantes (the prefecture of the department of Loire-Atlantique, France; the capital city of the region of Pays de la Loire, in historical Brittany)


Guadalajara

[ɡwə.ðə.ləˈʒa.ɾə]

Borrowed from Arabic وَادِي الْحِجَارَة (wādī l-ḥijāra, literally “valley of stones”).

bor+

وَادِي الْحِجَارَة

Castilla-La Mancha
Castilla-La Mancha#English

Guadalajara (a province of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain; capital: Guadalajara)

Guadalajara (a city, the capital of Guadalajara, Spain)

Guadalajara (a city, the capital of Jalisco, in central Mexico)


Extremadura

autonomous community
autonomous community

Extremadura (an autonomous community in western Spain)


Comores

Comoros (a country and group of islands in the Indian Ocean off the coast of East Africa)


Açores

Borrowed from Portuguese Açores, from açores, plural of açor (“goshawk”), a cognate of Catalan astor.

Azores (an archipelago and autonomous region of Portugal, located in Atlantic Ocean)


Algarve

Borrowed from Portuguese Algarve (“Algarve”), from Old Galician-Portuguese Algarve, from Arabic الغَرْب (al-ḡarb, “the west”).

Algarve (a traditional region and former kingdom in Portugal)


Saragossa

[sə.ɾəˈɣɔ.sə]

Earlier Saragoça, Çaragoça, from Andalusian Arabic سرقسطة (Saraqusṭa), from Latin Caesaraugusta.

Zaragoza (a province of Aragon, Spain; capital: Zaragoza)


Navarra

Navarre (an autonomous community and province in northern Spain)

(historical) Navarre (a former kingdom, originally predominantly Basque-speaking, in modern northern Spain and southwest France)

Navarre (a geographic region and former province in the Northern Basque Country in the present Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwest France; in full, Lower Navarre)


Tula

Tula (a commune of Sassari, Sardinia, Italy)

Tulle (a commune in the former region of Limousin, now capital of the Corrèze department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of France)

Tula (a city, the administrative center of Tula Oblast, Russia)


Lorena

administrative region
administrative region

Lorraine (a cultural region, former administrative region, and former duchy in eastern France; since 2016 part of the region of Grand Est region)


Praga

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


França

Semi-learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Francia (“country of the Franks”).

slbor

France (a country located primarily in Western Europe)


Holanda

Holland (a traditional region of the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland)

Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


Rússia

Russia (a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Irlanda

Ireland (an island and country in northwestern Europe)


Islàndia

North Atlantic Ocean
North Atlantic Ocean#English

Iceland (an island and country in the North Atlantic Ocean in Europe)


Angles

Les Angles (a town and commune of Gard department, Occitania, France, historically part of Northern Catalonia)


Nova York

New York, New York City (the largest city in the state of New York, and the largest city in the United States, a metropolis extending into neighboring New Jersey)


Berlín

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)


Mallorca

From Late Latin Maiorica, from Latin maior (“larger”), because the island is larger than Menorca. The change from -i- to -ll- is a hypercorrection against the iodització of the Mallorcan dialect of Catalan.

Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands#English

Mallorca, Majorca (an island in the Mediterranean; largest of the Balearic Islands)


Estònia

Estonia (a country in northeastern Europe, on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea)


Alger

From Arabic الجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir, literally “the islands”).


catedral

Borrowed from Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin cathedrālis, from cathedra, from Ancient Greek καθέδρᾱ (kathédrā, “seat”).


Riad

Borrowed from Arabic الرِّيَاض (ar-riyāḍ, literally “the meadows”).

bor+

Riyadh (the capital city of Saudi Arabia)


Tet

French: Têt

Têt (a river in Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France)


París

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


EAU

Emirats Àrabs Units
Emirats Àrabs Units#Catalan

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

initialism of Emirats Àrabs Units (= United Arab Emirates): a country in West Asia, in the Middle East: UAE


Hainan

Hainan (an island and province of China)


Guadalupe

Guadeloupe (an archipelago, overseas department, and administrative region of France, including the island of Guadeloupe)


Vic

Inherited from Latin vīcus (“hamlet, village”).

inh+

Vic (the capital of the comarca of Osona, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia)


República Dominicana

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English:_Q786

Dominican Republic (a country in the Caribbean)


Elna

Inherited from Latin Helena, from Ancient Greek Ἑλένη (Helénē).

Elne (a town in Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France)


Catalunya

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Cathalonia, Cathalaunia, of disputed origin; more at Catalonia.

Catalonia (an autonomous community in northeast Spain)


Nils

Ultimately from Latin asinus (“donkey”).

Nyls (a hamlet in the municipality of Pineilla, Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France, historically part of Northern Catalonia)


Troia

Troy (an ancient city in far northwestern Asia Minor, in modern Turkey)


Eslovènia

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


Índia

Learned borrowing from Latin India, from Ancient Greek Ἰνδία (Indía).


Níger

Niger (a country in West Africa, situated to the north of Nigeria)

Niger (a major river in West Africa that flows into the Gulf of Guinea in Nigeria)


Azerbaidjan

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus in Asia and Europe)


Oltènia

Oltenia (a historical region of Romania)


Transsilvània

Transylvania (a historical region in western Romania)


Egipte

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


Loira

Borrowed from French Loire, from Latin Liger, itself borrowed from the native Gaulish name.

Loire (the longest river in France, passing (from southeast to northwest) through the departments of Ardèche, Haute-Loire, Loire, Saône-et-Loire, Allier, Nièvre, Cher, Loiret, Loir-et-Cher, Indre-et-Loire, Maine-et-Loire and Loire-Atlantique)

Loire (a department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Nova Gal·les del Sud

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Nova Gal·les del Sud.wav

New South Wales
New South Wales#English:_Q3224

New South Wales (a state of Australia, located in the southeastern part of the continent; a former British colony from 1788 to 1901)


Tasmània

Tasmania (an island group and state of Australia; a former British colony, from 1856 to 1901)


mesquita

mesquites (plural)
mesquida (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid), from the verb سَجَدَ (sajada, “to bow down”), from the root س ج د (s j d).


BCN

abbreviation of Barcelona: the capital of Catalonia, Spain


sinagoga

From Late Latin synagōga, from Ancient Greek συναγωγή (sunagōgḗ, “assembly”).


Transnístria

Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic

Transnistria (a geographic region and de-facto independent but unrecognized country in Eastern Europe that claims statehood as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic; internationally considered an autonomous territorial unit within Moldova)


Epir

Borrowed from Latin Epirus, from Ancient Greek Ἤπειρος (Ḗpeiros, “mainland”).

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Epirus (a historical region and ancient kingdom in Southeast Europe, today split politically between northwestern Greece and southwestern Albania)

Epirus (a geographic region and administrative region in northwest Greece, one of the thirteen peripheries of modern Greece)


Roma

Rome (a major city, the capital of Italy and the Italian region of Lazio, located on the Tiber River; the ancient capital of the Roman Empire)

Rome (a metropolitan city of Lazio, Italy)


Corea del Nord

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Corea del Nord.wav

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-Corea del Nord.wav

North Korea (a country in East Asia, whose territory consists of the northern part of Korea)


Corea del Sud

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Corea del Sud.wav

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-Corea del Sud.wav

South Korea (a country in East Asia, comprising the southern part of the Korean Peninsula)


Síria

Borrowed from Latin Syria, from Ancient Greek Συρία (Suría).

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Bogotà

Bogota, Bogotá (the capital city of Colombia)


Terranova

Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador#English

Newfoundland (a large island of the coast of eastern Canada, part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador)


Sella

Sella (a river in Asturias, starting in the Picos de Europa and flowing into the Bay of Biscay)

Sella (a municipality of Marina Baixa, Alicante, Valencia, Spain)


Antigua i Barbuda

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Antigua i Barbuda.wav

Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda#English:_Q781

Antigua and Barbuda (a country consisting of two islands in the Caribbean, Antigua and Barbuda)


Savoia

Savoie (a department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)

(historical) Savoy (a historical region shared between the modern countries of France, Italy and Switzerland)

(historical) Savoy (a former duchy existing from 1416 to 1847, whose maximal extent included parts of modern southeastern France, northwestern Italy, and southwestern Switzerland; in full, Duchy of Savoy)


Oviedo

Oviedo (the capital city of Asturias, Spain)


Cirene

Cyrene (an ancient city in North Africa, in modern Libya)


EUA

Ara, els EUA juguen un paper marginal en el conflicte.

2016 December 7, “Alep: La batalla que va decidir el curs de la guerra a Síria”, in El Periódico:

Now, the US plays a marginal role in the conflict.

Estats Units d'Amèrica
Estats Units d'Amèrica#Catalan

United States of America
United States of America#English

initialism of Estats Units d'Amèrica (= United States of America): a country in North America: USA


Espanya

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


Dolomites

Dolomites (a mountain range of the Alps in north-eastern Italy)


Siracusa

Borrowed from Italian Siracusa, from Latin Syrācūsae, from Ancient Greek Συρᾱ́κουσαι (Surā́kousai).

Syracuse (a port, the capital city of the province of Syracuse, Sicily, Italy)


Benín

Benin (a country in West Africa, formerly Dahomey)


Elba

Elba (an Italian island in the Tuscan Archipelago off the west coast of Italy, administratively part of Tuscany; between the Italian coast and Corsica)


Toledo

Toledo (a province of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain)

Toledo (a city, the provincial capital of Toledo, Spain)


Normandia

Normandy (an administrative region, historical province, and medieval kingdom in northwest France, on the English Channel)


Landes

Borrowed from French Landes, from Gaulish *landa (“(open) land”).

Landes (a department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)

Landes (a forest and geographic region in the Landes, Gironde and Lot-et-Garonne departments, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France; in full, Landes forest)


Tirol

Tyrol (a geographic region in Central Europe including the state of Tyrol in Austria and the regions of South Tyrol and Trentino in Italy)


Alemanya

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


Armènia

Armenia (a country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Martinica

Martinique (an island, overseas department, and administrative region of France, in the Caribbean)


Irlanda del Nord

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English:_Q26

Northern Ireland (a constituent country and province of the United Kingdom, situated in the northeastern part of the island of Ireland)


Bengala

Bengal (a region of the Indian subcontinent currently divided between India and Bangladesh)


Basilea

Basel (a city in Basel-Stadt canton, Switzerland)

Basel (a former canton of Switzerland, now divided into the cantons of Basel-Stadt and Basel-Landschaft)


Sabadell

Unknown. Predominant theories are:
* From ceba (“onion”), from Latin cēpa. The onion appears on the city's crest.
* From Latin sabbatellum, diminutive of sabbatum (“Saturday”), since market festivals were held on Saturday.

Vallès Occidental
Vallès Occidental#English

Sabadell (the capital city of Vallès Occidental, Catalonia, Spain)


Liorna

Inherited from Latin Liburnus, from Liburnī, name of the ancient population of Liburnians.


Novossibirsk

Borrowed from Russian Новосиби́рск (Novosibírsk).

bor+

Новосиби́рск

Novosibirsk (a city, the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia)


Flandes

Flanders (a historical region and modern administrative region in the north of Belgium, consisting of the Dutch-speaking area of Belgium)

Flanders (a historical county and cultural region of Western Europe, at its maximum covering most of Belgium, parts of northeast France, and a corner of the Netherlands; in full, County of Flanders)


Frísia

Borrowed from Latin Frisia (“territory of the Frisians”).

(historical) Frisia (a traditionally Frisian-speaking coastal Western Europe, politically split between Netherlands and Germany)

(exonym) Frisia, Friesland (a province of the Netherlands)


Bretanya

Brittany (a cultural region, historical province, and peninsula in northwest France)

Brittany (an administrative region of northwest France, including most of the historic region of Brittany)


Escòcia

Scotland (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Hawai

Ultimately from Hawaiian Hawaiʻi, from Hawaiki, from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *Sawaiki.

Hawaii, Hawaii Island (an island of Hawaii archipelago, Pacific Ocean, of Hawaii County, State of Hawaii, United States)

Hawaii (an insular state of the United States, formerly a territory)


Indonèsia

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


Japó

Japan (a country and archipelago of East Asia)


Macedònia

Borrowed from Latin Macedonia, from Ancient Greek Μακεδονία (Makedonía, “Macedonia”), from μακεδονία (makedonía, “highland”), from μακεδνός (makednós, “high, tall”).

der

Macedonia (a geographic region in Southeast Europe in the Balkans, including North Macedonia and parts of Greece, Bulgaria, Albania and Serbia)

Macedonia (former name of North Macedonia: a country in Southeast Europe in the Balkans)

Macedonia (a geographic region and former administrative region of Greece)

Bulgarian Macedonia
Bulgarian Macedonia#English

Macedonia (a geographic region in southwestern Bulgaria; in full, Pirin Macedonia or Bulgarian Macedonia)

(historical) Macedonia (a former constituent republic of Yugoslavia)


Nàpols

From Latin Neapolis, from Ancient Greek Νεάπολις (Neápolis), from νέα (néa, “new”) + πόλις (pólis, “city”).


Occitània

Occitania (a cultural region in southwestern Europe where Occitan has historically been spoken, consisting of southern France, parts of Catalonia in Spain, and some valleys in northwestern Italy)

administrative region
administrative region

Occitania (an administrative region in southern France)


Gironda

Borrowed from Occitan Gironda, from Latin gȳrus undae (“turning of waves”).

Gironde (the largest department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, France)

Gironde (an estuary in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, France, formed by the merger of the rivers Garonne and Dordogne; in full, the Gironde estuary)


Sèrbia

Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Sicília

Meronym: Siracusa

Sicily (the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, an autonomous region of Italy, close to Africa and separated from Tunisia and Libya by the Strait of Sicily)


Ucraïna

Borrowed from Russian Украи́на (Ukraína) or Ukrainian Украї́на (Ukrajína), from Old East Slavic оукраина (ukraina, “borderland”).

der

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


Xina

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

China (a large country in East Asia, occupying the region around the Yellow, Yangtze, and Pearl Rivers; the People's Republic of China, since 1949)


Malaia

Feminine form of malai (“Malay”), the primary indigenous ethnic group of the area.

(historical) Malaya (a peninsula and geographic region of Southeast Asia constituting the southern part of the Malay Peninsula and several nearby islands, currently forming the western part of Malaysia; now known as West Malaysia or Peninsular Malaysia)


Mèxic

Mexico City (the capital and largest city of Mexico)


Gal·les

Wales (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Damasc

Borrowed from Latin Damascus, from Ancient Greek Δαμασκός (Damaskós), from a Semitic form akin to Hebrew דַּמֶּשֶׂק.

cog

Hebrew דַּמֶּשֶׂק

Damascus (the capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE)


Haití

Borrowed from French Haïti, from Taíno Ayiti.


Cirenaica

Cyrenaica (a geographic region, an and former province of northeastern Libya; in modern usage, extended to the entire eastern portion of Libya)


Perpinyà

Inherited from Latin Perpenniānum, from the given name Perpenna.

Perpignan (a city and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France)


Elam

(historical) Elam (an ancient civilization and empire in modern southwestern Iran, existing between c. 3200 BCE and 539 BCE)


Àfrica

(historical) Africa (a former province of the Roman Empire, containing what is now Tunisia and portions of coastal Algeria and Libya)


Àsia

(historical) Asia (an ancient province of the Roman Empire in modern western Turkey, existing between 133 BC (during the Roman Republic) and the 7th century AD)


València

→ Basque: Valentzia

→ Chinese: 瓦倫西亞 /瓦伦西亚 (Wǎlúnxīyà)

→ Dutch: Valencia

→ English: Valencia

→ Galician: Valencia

→ German: Valencia, Valentz

→ Italian: Valencia

→ Portuguese: Valência

desctree

→ Spanish: Valencia, Val. (abbreviation)
→ Cebuano: Valencia
Chinese:
→ Mandarin: 巴倫西亞 /巴伦西亚 (Bālúnxīyà) (transliteration)
→ Tagalog: Valencia

→ Turkish: Valensiya

Valencia (the capital city of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain)

Valencian Community
Valencian Community#English

autonomous community
autonomous community

Valencia, Valencian Community (an autonomous community of Spain; in full, Valencian Community)

Valencia (a province of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain)


Nàquera

Borrowed from Arabic نَقْرَة (naqra, “excavation, cavity”), from نَقَرَ (naqara, “to strike; to dig into”).

bor+

a municipality of the comarca of Camp de Túria, province of Valencia, Autonomous Community of Valencia, in eastern Spain


Suècia

Sweden (a country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe)


Bulgària

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


Anglaterra

[əŋ.ɡləˈtɛ.rə]

England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Croàcia

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Xàtiva

Borrowed from Arabic شَاطِبَة (šāṭiba), from Latin Saetabis.

the capital city of Costera, Valencian Community


Austràlia

Australia (a country consisting of a main island, the island of Tasmania and other smaller islands, located in Oceania; historically, a collection of former colonies of the British Empire)


Algèria

[əʎˈʒɛ.ɾi.ə]


Suïssa

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe)


Lituània

Lithuania (a country in northeastern Europe)


Letònia

Latvia (a country in northeastern Europe)


Capadòcia

Borrowed from Latin Cappadocia, from Ancient Greek Καππαδοκία (Kappadokía), from Old Persian 𐎣𐎫𐎱𐎬𐎢𐎣 (k-t-p-tu-u-k /katpatuka/).

der

Cappadocia (a historical region and ancient kingdom in central Asia Minor, in present-day Turkey)

Cappadocia (a former province of the Roman Empire, existing from 18 AD until the 7th century)


Lluc

Inherited from Latin lūcus (“sacred grove”).

inh+

Lluc (a pilgrimage site in Mallorca, Spain)


Aragó

Aragon (an autonomous community and medieval kingdom in northeastern Spain)


Cànoes

From Canoves, contraction of cases noves (“new houses”).

Canohès (a town and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France, historically part of Northern Catalonia)


Cotlliure

First recorded in Latin Castrum Caucoliberi.
Possibly from an Iberian root *kauk- (“bay”) and Latin Illiberi, the ancient name of the town of Elne (in Catalan Elna); interpretable as “port of Illiberi”.
Compare lliure (“free”).

Collioure (a town and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France, historically part of Northern Catalonia)


Illa

French: Ille

Inherited from Latin īnsula (“island”), whence also the Catalan noun illa.

Ille-sur-Têt (a town in Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania)


Montner

From Montnegre, from mont negre (“black mountain”).

Montner (a small town and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France, historically part of Northern Catalonia)


Pollestres

Inherited from Latin palūdestris, feminine of palūdester (“swampy, marshy”), from palūs, palūdis (“swamp, marsh”) + -ester.

Pollestres (a town and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France, historically part of Northern Catalonia)


Pontellà

Inherited from Latin Pontiliānus, after the given name Pontilius.

Ponteilla (a town and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France, historically part of Northern Catalonia)


Salses

Inherited from Latin Salsulās, derived from salsus (“salty”), so-called due to the presence of nearby salt mines.

Salses-le-Château (a town and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France, historically part of Northern Catalonia)


Tuïr

Seemingly from Latin villa tugurii (“farm of the hut”).

Thuir (a town and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France, historically part of Northern Catalonia)


Vingrau

Maybe from vint graons (“twenty steps”), but more probably from the Germanic given name Winigaud or from vin (“wine”) + grau (“degree, grade”).

Vingrau (a small town and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France, historically part of Northern Catalonia)


Vivers

Seemingly from the plural of viver, from Latin vīvārium (“preserve, enclosure”).

Vivès (a village and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France, historically part of Northern Catalonia)


Torderes

From the plural of tordera, from Latin turdāria, itself plural of turdārium (“thrush farm”), from turdus (“thrush”).

Tordères (a village and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France, historically part of Northern Catalonia)


Tesà

Inherited from Latin Titiānus (“Titian”), whence also Ticià, from Titius.

Théza (a small town and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France, historically part of Northern Catalonia)


Eivissa

Borrowed from Arabic يَابِسَة (yābisa), from Latin Ebusus, from Phoenician 𐤀𐤉𐤁𐤔𐤌 (ʾybšm).

Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands#English

Ibiza (an island of the Balearic Islands)


església

Semi-learned borrowing from Latin ecclēsia, from Ancient Greek ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía).


Regne Unit

United Kingdom
United Kingdom#English:_Q145

Regne Unit de Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord#Catalan

United Kingdom (a kingdom and country in Northern Europe; official name: Regne Unit de Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord)


Badajoz

Badajoz (a province of Extremadura, Spain)

Badajoz (a city, the provincial capital of Badajoz, Spain)


Alcossebre

Borrowed from Arabic القُصَيْبَة (al-quṣayba, “little citadel”).

bor+

Alcalà de Xivert
Alcalà de Xivert#English

Alcossebre (a village in Alcalà de Xivert, comarca of Baix Mestrat, province of Castelló, Valencian Community, Spain)


Alcàsser

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْقَصْر (al-qaṣr, “the castle”), itself from Latin castrum (“castle”). Cognate with the Spanish toponym Alcácer.

a town in the Horta Sud district, Valencian Community, Spain


El Voló

From a Latin accusative Volōnem of uncertain origin.

Le Boulou (a town and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France)


Alcúdia de Crespins

L'Alcúdia de Crespins (canonical feminine)

Vila of the Costera district, in the Valencian Community (Spain)


Eliana

town of the Camp de Túria district, in the Valencian Community (Spain)


Pobla de Vallbona

La Pobla de Vallbona (canonical feminine)

[ˈpob.blə ðə βəʎˈβɔ.nə]

Vila of the Camp de Túria district, in the Valencian Community (Spain)


Camp de Túria

a comarca of the Autonomous Community of Valencia, Spain


Costera

Costera (a comarca of the Autonomous Community of Valencia; capital: Xàtiva)


Horta Nord

Horta Nord (a comarca of Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain)


Rosselló

Inherited from Latin Ruscinōnem. Compare French Roussillon, Occitan Rosselhon.

Meronyms: Elna, Perpinyà

Roussillon (a region of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France), part of Northern Catalonia


País Basc

Basque Country
Basque Country#English:_Q47588

Basque Country (a cultural region that straddles the border of Spain and France, where the Basque language is traditionally spoken)

Basque Country
Basque Country#English:_Q3995

Basque Country (an autonomous community in northern Spain)


l'Alguer

Unclear origin. Most straightforwardly, l' + alga (“seaweed”) + -er (adjective-forming suffix). Relatedly, a Medieval Latin Aleguerium (literally “stagnation of seaweed”) has also been proposed. In either case, ultimately from Latin alga.

af

Alghero (a city and port town in Sardinia, Italy)


Bòsnia

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Bosnia (a geographic region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, consisting of the northern three fourths of the country)

Bosnia (a country in southeast Europe; in full, Bosnia and Herzegovina)


Franja de Ponent

Aragon Strip
Aragon Strip#English:_Q15579

Aragon Strip (the region of Aragon in Spain where Catalan is spoken; composed of the districts of Ribagorza/Ribagorça, La Litera/La Llitera, Bajo Cinca/Baix Cinca, Bajo Aragón-Caspe/Baix Aragó-Casp, Bajo Aragón/Baix Aragó and Matarraña/Matarranya)


Països Catalans

Popularized by Joan Fuster in the essay Nosaltres, els valencians (1962).

Catalan Countries
Catalan Countries#English:_Q234963

Catalan Countries (a cultural region in Western Europe where Catalan is spoken, consisting of parts of Spain, France, Italy and Andorra)


País Valencià

Valencian Community. It is divided in the following districts: Alacantí, Alcoià, Alcalatén, Alt Maestrat, Alt Millars, Alt Palància, Alt Vinalopó, Baix Maestrat, Baix Segura, Baix Vinalopó, Camp de Morvedre, Camp de Túria, Canal de Navarrés, Comtat, Costera, Foia de Bunyol, Horta Nord, Horta Oest, Horta Sud, Marina Alta, Marina Baixa, Ports, Plana Alta, Plana d'Utiel, Racó d'Ademús, Ribera Alta, Ribera Baixa, Serrans, Safor, València, Vall d'Albaida, Vall de Cofrents and Vinalopó Mitjà


Pià

Inherited from Latin Appiānus, from the given name Appius.

Pia (a town and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France, historically part of Northern Catalonia)


Clairà

Inherited from Latin Clāriānus, from the given name Clārius.

Claira (a town and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France)


Bèlgica

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


Costa d'Ivori

[ˈkɔs.tə ð‿iˈβɔ.ɾi]

Ivory Coast, Côte d'Ivoire (a country in West Africa)


Geòrgia

Georgia (a transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)

Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


Grenlàndia

alternative form of Groenlàndia (“Greenland, a large self-governing island and dependent territory of Denmark, in North America”)


República d'Irlanda

Republic of Ireland
Republic of Ireland#English:_Q27

Republic of Ireland (long form of Ireland: an island country in northwestern Europe)


Marroc

From Old Catalan Marrocs, from Arabic مَرَّاكُش (marrākuš).


Vallespir

Northern Catalonia
Northern Catalonia#English

Morellàs i les Illes
Morellàs i les Illes

Prats de Molló i la Presta
Prats de Molló i la Presta

Sant Joan de Pladecorts
Sant Joan de Pladecorts

Sant Llorenç de Cerdans
Sant Llorenç de Cerdans

a comarca (district) of Northern Catalonia (now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France) that includes the municipalities of l'Albera, Arles, els Banys i Palaldà, Ceret, les Cluses, Cortsaví, Costoja, la Menera, Montboló, Montferrer, Morellàs i les Illes, el Pertús, Prats de Molló i la Presta, Reiners, Sant Joan de Pladecorts, Sant Llorenç de Cerdans, Serrallonga and el Tec


Serrallonga

town of the Vallespir district, in the Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France


Costoja

Inherited from Latin custōdia. Doublet of custòdia, a learned borrowing.

Coustouges (a commune in the comarca of Vallespir in Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department of France)


Montferrer

Inherited from Latin monte ferrārius. Cognate with Occitan Montferrièr.

Montferrer (a village and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France, formerly in the Vallespir district of Northern Catalonia)


Cortsaví

Corsavy (a village and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France, historically part of Northern Catalonia)


Prats de Molló i la Presta

ca-proper noun

Prats de Molló i la Presta m pl (plural only)

Vila of the Vallespir district, in the Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France


Albera

L'Albère (a village and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France, historically part of Northern Catalonia)


Arles

→ French: Arles

Arles-sur-Tech (a town and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France, historically part of Northern Catalonia)


Sant Joan de Pladecorts

Saint-Jean-Pla-de-Corts (a village and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France)


Cluses

Les Cluses (a village and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France, historically part of Northern Catalonia)


Banys i Palaldà

Els Banys i Palaldà (canonical masculine plural)

Amélie-les-Bains-Palalda (a town and commune of Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, France, historically part of Northern Catalonia)


Ceret

French: Céret

Céret (a small town in Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania)


Illes Balears

les Illes Balears (canonical feminine plural)

Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands#English:_Q5765

autonomous community
autonomous community

Balearic Islands (an archipelago, autonomous community, and province off the east coast of Spain, formed by the four major islands Mallorca, Minorca, Ibiza, and Formentera and several smaller islands)


Formentera

Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands#English

Formentera (an island and municipality of the Balearic Islands, Spain, south of Ibiza)


Menorca

From Late Latin Minorica, from Latin balearis minor.

Minorca (an island of the Balearic Islands, Spain, east of Mallorca)


Santa Eulària des Riu

Vila of Ibiza, one of the Balearic Islands (Spain)


Sant Joan de Labritja

[ˈsaɲ ʒuˈan də ləˈβɾi.d͡ʒə]

a town on Ibiza, Balearic Islands, Spain


Sant Josep de sa Talaia

town of Ibiza, one of the Balearic Islands, Spain


Capcir

a historical comarca of the Region of Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department, France


Font-rabiosa

→ French: Fontrabiouse

a town and commune of Capcir district, Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitania, in the historical region of Northern Catalonia


Formiguera

town and capital of the Capcir district, in the Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France


Llaguna

town of the Capcir district, in the Northern Catalonia, now part of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France


Real

Ral (alternative)
Ral i Ordelló (alternative)


Racó d'Ademús

Rincón de Ademuz
Rincón de Ademuz#English

Valencian Community
Valencian Community#English

Rincón de Ademuz, Racó d'Ademús (a comarca of Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain, which is not Catalan-speaking)


Serrans

Els Serrans (canonical masculine plural)
La Serrania de Xelva (alternative)

Los Serranos, Serrans (a comarca of Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain, which is not Catalan-speaking)


Plana d'Utiel

La Plana d'Utiel (canonical feminine)
Plana d'Utiel-Requena (alternative)

Plana d'Utiel, Requena-Utiel (a comarca of Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain, which is not Catalan-speaking)


Foia de Bunyol

Foia de Bunyol, Hoya de Buñol (a comarca of Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain, which is not Catalan-speaking)


Alt Millars

L'Alt Millars (canonical masculine)
Conca del Millars (alternative)

Alto Mijares, Alt Millars (a comarca of Castellón, Valencian Community, Spain, which is not Catalan-speaking)


Alt Palància

a comarca of Valencia, Spain; capital: Segorbe


Canal de Navarrés

La Canal de Navarrés (canonical masculine)

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Canal de Navarrés.wav

Canal de Navarrés
Canal de Navarrés#English

Canal de Navarrés (a comarca of Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain, which is not Catalan-speaking)


Alta Ribagorça

a comarca in the province of Lleida, Catalonia; capital: Pont de Suert. Together with the Aragonese comarca of Ribagorça, it makes up the historical and natural comarca of Ribagorça


Vilaller

Vila of the Alta Ribagorça district, in Catalonia


Vall de Boí

a town in Alta Ribagorça, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain


Ciutadella

From ciutadella, from Latin civitatella.


Maó

the capital city of Minorca, Balearic Islands


Galícia

Galicia (a former kingdom and autonomous community in northwestern Spain)


illes Fèroe

Faroe Islands
Faroe Islands#English:_Q4628

Faroe Islands (an archipelago and self-governing autonomous territory of Denmark, in the North Atlantic Ocean between Scotland and Iceland)


Conca de Barberà

La Conca de Barberà (canonical feminine)


Garraf

Borrowed from Arabic غَرَّاف (ḡarrāf, “copious stream of water”), from غَرَفَ (ḡarafa, “to lade out”).

bor+

Vilanova i la Geltrú
Vilanova i la Geltrú

a comarca in the Penedès region, Barcelona province, Catalonia, Spain that includes the municipalities of Canyelles, Cubelles, Olivella, Sant Pere de Ribes, Sitges and Vilanova i la Geltrú


Garraf

a town in Sitges municipality, Garraf, Barcelona province, Catalonia, Spain


Sud-àfrica

South Africa (a country in Southern Africa)


Papua Nova Guinea

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Papua Nova Guinea.wav

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English:_Q691


Iemen

Yemen (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Mongòlia

(chiefly historical) Mongolia (a Mongolian-speaking geographic region in East Asia, including the country of Mongolia (Outer Mongolia), the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia in China, and sometimes also Buryatia, Tuva and the Altai Republic in Russia)


Mosa

From Latin Mosa, from Celtic, deriving from Proto-Celtic *mosā.

Meuse, Maas (a major river that flows about 901 km (560 mi) from France through Belgium and the Netherlands to the North Sea)


Mosel·la

Moselle (a left tributary of Rhine, flowing through the departments of Vosges, Meurthe-et-Moselle and Moselle in northeastern France, through Luxembourg, and through the states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, Germany)

Moselle (a department of Grand Est, France)


Etiòpia

Borrowed from Latin Aethiopia, from Ancient Greek Αἰθιοπία (Aithiopía), from Αἰθίοψ (Aithíops).


Jordània

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Múrcia

Murcia (an autonomous community and province in southeast Spain)

Murcia (the capital city of the autonomous community of Murcia, Spain)


Pennsilvània

Pennsylvania (a state of the United States)


Califòrnia

California (the most populous state of the United States)


Mississipí

Mississippi (a state of the United States)

Mississippi River
Mississippi River#English

Mississippi, Mississippi River (a major river in the United States, flowing southward from north-central Minnesota through Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Minnesota and Louisiana, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico)


Nou Mèxic

New Mexico (a state in the southwestern United States)


Nou Hampshire

New Hampshire (a state of the United States)


Nova Jersey

New Jersey (a state of the United States)


Virgínia de l'Oest

West Virginia
West Virginia#English:_Q1371

West Virginia (a state of the United States)


Gijón

Gijón (a city on the coast of Asturias, in northwestern Spain)


Vèneto

administrative region
administrative region

Veneto (an administrative region of northern Italy, roughly corresponding to the ancient Venetia)


Palma

Palma de Mallorca
Palma de Mallorca#English

Palma, Palma de Mallorca (a city and port, the capital of the Balearic Islands, Spain, on the island of Mallorca; in full, Palma de Mallorca)


Xipre

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


Alacantí

Campo de Alicante
Campo de Alicante#English

Alacantí, Campo de Alicante (a comarca of Alicante, Valencian Community, Spain)


Xixona

a town in Alacantí district, Valencian Community, Spain


Alacant

Borrowed from Arabic اَلقَنْت (al-qant) or لَقَنْت (laqant), from Latin Lucentum, or Vulgar Latin Leukante, ultimately from Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white, bright”). Originally named Ἄκρα Λευκή (Ákra Leukḗ) or Λευκή Ἄκρα (Leukḗ Ákra, “white summit”) by Phocaean Greeks.

der

Alicante (a province of the Valencian Community, Spain)

Alicante (the capital city of Alicante, Valencian Community, Spain)


Nova Zelanda

New Zealand (a country and archipelago of Oceania, to the east of Australia)


Estats Units d'Amèrica

ca-proper noun

Estats Units d'Amèrica m pl (plural only)

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Estats Units d'Amèrica.wav

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)


República Txeca

Czech Republic
Czech Republic#English:_Q213

Czech Republic (a country in Central Europe)


Rin

From Old High German Rīn, probably via French Rhin.


Lilla

Borrowed from French Lille, from Old French l'Isle (“the Island”), ultimately from Latin īnsula (“island”).

Lille (the capital city of Nord department, France; the capital city of the region of Hauts-de-France)


Nicea

From Latin Nīcaea, from Ancient Greek Νῑ́καια (Nī́kaia). Doublet of Niça.

Nicaea (ancient Greek city in northwestern Anatolia, in modern Turkey; modern İznik)


Cantàbria

Cantabria (an autonomous community and province in northern Spain)


Ginebra

Geneva (the capital city of Geneva canton, Switzerland)


franja de Gaza

[ˈfɾaɲ.ʒə ðə ˈɣa.zə]

Gaza Strip (a region in Palestine between Egypt and Israel)


Dordonya

Dordogne (a department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France)

Dordogne (a long river in south-central and southwestern France, emptying into the Gironde estuary, flowing through the departments of Puy-de-Dôme, Corrèze, Lot, Dordogne and Gironde)


Alvèrnia

Auvergne (a former administrative region and historical province of France, since 2016 part of the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes)


Alt Loira

Haute-Loire (a department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Alier

Allier (a department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)

Allier (a left tributary of the Loire, in central France, flowing through the departments of Lozère, Ardèche, Haute-Loire, Puy-de-Dôme, Allier, Cher and Nièvre)


Puèi Domat

Puy-de-Dôme (a department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Llemosí

Borrowed from Occitan Lemosin, from Latin Lemovīcīnus.

Limousin (a geographic region and former administrative region of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine)


Corresa

Corrèze (a department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)

Corrèze (a left tributary of the Vézère, in the Corrèze department in southwestern France)


Cruesa

Creuse (a department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)

Creuse (a right tributary of the Vienne, in southwestern France, flowing through the departments of Creuse, Indre, Indre-et-Loire and Vienne)


Alta Viena

Haute-Vienne (a department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)


Erau

From Ancient Greek Ἄραυρις (Árauris), from a pre-Indo-European substrate

Hérault (a department of Occitania, France)

Hérault (a river flowing through the departments of Gard and Hérault, in southern France)


Losera

From Latin Lesora (mons), mentioned by Sidonius Apollinaris.

Lozère (a department of Occitania, France)

Lozère (a mountain, the highest peak in the Cévennes mountain range, in southern France)


Migdia-Pirineus

Midi-Pyrénées (a former administrative region of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Occitania)


Òlt

Lot (a right tributary of the Garonne, in southern France, flowing through the departments of Lozère, Cantal, Aveyron, Lot and Lot-et-Garonne)


Marne

Borrowed from French Marne, from Latin Mātrona.

Marne (a right tributary of the Seine, in eastern France, flowing 319 miles east and southeast of Paris through the departments of Haute-Marne, Marne, Aisne, Seine-et-Marne, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne)

Marne (a department of Grand Est, France)


Trinitat

Borrowed from Latin trīnitātem. As the name of an island, a calque of Spanish Trinidad.

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English

Trinidad (an island of Caribbean, and part of the country of Trinidad and Tobago)


Aquisgrà

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Aachen (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Castella

(historical) Castile (a medieval kingdom and former county in the Iberian Peninsula; the nucleus of modern Spain)

Castile (a vaguely defined geographical region of central Spain generally corresponding to the regions of Old and New Castile)


Pequín

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


Països Baixos

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands#English

constituent countries
constituent country

Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten)


Girona

Girona (a city, the provincial capital of Girona, Spain)


La Rioja

autonomous community
autonomous community

La Rioja (an autonomous community and province in northern Spain)


Nínive

Nineveh (an ancient city in Assyria, in modern Iraq, near Mosul)


Assíria

Learned borrowing from Latin Assyria, from Ancient Greek Ἀσσυρία (Assuría), from Akkadian 𒀸𒋗𒁺𐎹 (Aššūrāyu), from 𒀸𒋩 (Aššur, “Assur”), its original capital.

(historical) Assyria (an ancient Semitic Akkadian kingdom and at times an empire, extant from the mid-23rd century BCE to 608 BCE and centred on the Upper Tigris river in northern Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq, but at its maximum extent including parts of modern Iran, Syria, Israel, Palestine and Egypt))


Cartago

Learned borrowing from Latin Carthāgō, via Ancient Greek Καρχηδών (Karkhēdṓn) from Punic 𐤒𐤓𐤕-𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (qrt-ḥdšt, “new city”).

Carthage (an ancient city in North Africa, in modern Tunisia)


Tolosa

Inherited from Latin Tolōsa, probably of Gaulish origin.

Toulouse (the capital city of Haute-Garonne department, France; the capital city of the region of Occitania)


Astúries

Asturias (an autonomous community and province of Spain, on the Spanish north coast facing the Cantabrian Sea)

Asturias (a former kingdom existing from c. 718 to 924 C.E., in modern northwest Spain and Portugal)


Còrsega

Corsica (an island, department, and administrative region of France, in the Mediterranean to the north of Sardinia)


Líban

Borrowed from Latin Libanus, from Ancient Greek Λίβανος (Líbanos), from a Semitic source.

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Somàlia

Somalia (a country in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa)


Estats Units

United States (a country in North America)


Bielorússia

(dated) Belarus (a country in Eastern Europe)


Bahames

Bahamas (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean)


Cap Verd

Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


Montjuïc

Literally, “Mountain of Jews” (Latin mōns iūdaicus), after the local population. Some suggest this is a corruption of Latin mōns Iovis (literally “Mountain of Jupiter”).


Atenes

Borrowed from Latin Athēnas, from Ancient Greek Ἀθῆναι (Athênai).


Bragança

Bragança (a district in northeastern Portugal)

Bragança (a city and municipality of Bragança district, Portugal)


Zamora

Castile and León
Castile and León#English

Zamora (a province of Castile and León, Spain; capital: Zamora)


Burgos

Burgos (a province of Castile and León, Spain; capital: Burgos)

Burgos (a city in Castile and León, Spain)


Albacete

Castilla-La Mancha
Castilla-La Mancha#English

Albacete (a province of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain)

Albacete (a city, the provincial capital of Albacete, Spain)


Piemont

Piedmont (an administrative region in the north of Italy)


Filipines

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


Bòsnia i Hercegovina

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Bosnia i Hercegovina.wav

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-Bòsnia i Hercegovina.wav

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Kirguizistan

Kyrgyzstan (a country in Central Asia, bordering on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China)


Moçambic

Mozambique (a country in East Africa and Southern Africa)


Danubi

Learned borrowing from Latin Dānubius, from Proto-Celtic *Dānowyos, an extended form of the river-name *Dānu, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₂nu (“river goddess”), akin to *dʰenh₂- (“to set in motion; to flow”).


Gant

Ghent (the capital city of East Flanders, Belgium)


Guadalquivir

Borrowed from Spanish Guadalquivir, derived from Arabic وَادِي الكَبِير (wādī l-kabīr, literally “the great river”).

وَادِي الكَبِير

Guadalquivir (a river in southern Spain)


Campània

Meronyms: Herculà, Nàpols, Pompeia, Vesuvi

Campania (an administrative region of southern Italy)


Bangla Desh

[ˌbaŋ.ɡləˈðɛʃ]


Lleó

Inherited from Latin Legiōnem, from legiō (“legion”).

León (a province of Castile and León, Spain)

León (a city, the provincial capital of León, Spain)


Castella i Lleó

Castile and León
Castile and León#English:_Q5739

autonomous communities
autonomous community

Castile and León (the largest of the autonomous communities of Spain, in the central north of the country)


Nova Anglaterra

New England (a geographic region of the northeastern United States, consisting of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont)


Florència

Borrowed from Latin Flōrentia. Doublet of Florença.

Florence (the capital city of Tuscany, Italy)

Florence (a metropolitan city of Tuscany, Italy)


Antioquia

Antioch on the Orontes
Antioch on the Orontes#English

Antioch, Antioch on the Orontes (ancient Greek city on the Orontes River, in modern Turkey)


Bitínia

(historical) Bithynia (a geographic region, ancient kingdom, and historical province of the Roman Empire in the northwest of Asia Minor in modern Turkey)


Cilícia

(historical) Cilicia (an ancient region in southeastern Asia Minor in modern Turkey, famed for cilice, i.e. haircloth made from the hair of Cilician goats)


Delfos

Delphi (a modern town in Phocis regional unit, Greece, near the sanctuary)


Etrúria

Etruria (a historical region in central Italy, the land of the Etruscans)


Frígia

(historical) Phrygia (a geographic region and ancient kingdom in the west central part of Asia Minor, in what is now modern-day Turkey)


Jericó

Borrowed from Latin Jerīchō, from Ancient Greek Ἰεριχώ (Ierikhṓ), from Hebrew יְרִיחוֹ.

Hebrew יְרִיחוֹ

Jericho (a city in the West Bank of Palestine)


Lídia

(historical) Lydia (a historical region and ancient kingdom in western Asia Minor, in modern-day Turkey)


Pompeia

Pompeii (an ancient city in the Roman Empire, in modern Italy)


Prússia

(historical) Prussia (a former duchy, kingdom and (after German unification in 1871) a province of Germany, existing from 1525 to 1947 in parts of modern Germany, Poland and Russia)


Voivodina

Vojvodina (an autonomous province of Serbia)


Xangai

Shanghai (a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China)


Blanes

→ English: Blanes

→ Spanish: Blanes

From Latin Blandae, from blandus (“pleasant”).

Blanes (a town in Selva, Girona, Catalonia, Spain)


Copenhaguen

Borrowed from Low German Kopenhagen, a calque (perhaps modified by folk etymology) of Danish København.

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


Úmbria

administrative region
administrative region

Umbria (an administrative region in central Italy)


Haia

The Hague (the provincial capital of South Holland, Netherlands)


Sardenya

Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


Segòvia

[səˈɣɔ.βi.ə]

Borrowed from Spanish Segovia, from Latin Segovia, from Celtiberian Segouia, from a suffixed form of Proto-Celtic *segos (“victory”).

Segovia (a province of Castile and León, Spain)

Segovia (a city in Segovia, Castile and León, Spain)


Pals

a town in Baix Empordà, Girona, Catalonia


Caríntia

(historical) Carinthia (a former duchy and historical region of Central Europe, now split politically between Austria and Slovenia):

Carinthia (a traditional region in northern Slovenia)


Ligúria

Liguria (an administrative region of northwest Italy)


Laci

Lazio (an administrative region of Italy, situated in the central peninsular section of the country with Rome as its capital)

(historical) Latium (a historical region of central Italy, in which the city of Rome was founded and grew to be the capital city of the Roman Empire)


Pireu

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πειραιεύς (Peiraieús).

bor+

Piraeus (a city, part of Athens urban area, and regional unit of Attica, Greece)


Guinea Bissau

Guinea-Bissau (a country in West Africa)


Las Palmas

Las Palmas (a province of the Canary Islands, Spain; capital: Las Palmas)

Las Palmas (a city in Las Palmas, Spain)


Jaén

Jaén (a province of Andalusia, Spain; capital: Jaén)


L'Hospitalet de Llobregat

L'Hospitalet de Llobregat
L'Hospitalet de Llobregat#English

L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (a city in Catalonia, Spain)


Terrassa

Inherited from Latin Terracia, from earlier Terracium castellum (“earthen castle”).

Vallès Occidental
Vallès Occidental#English

Terrassa (the capital city of Vallès Occidental, Catalonia)


Lleida

Inherited from Old Catalan Leyda; from Andalusian Arabic لاردة (“Lèrideh”); from Latin Ilerda, originating with the name of an Iberian tribe. Compare Spanish Lérida.

Lleida (a province in western Catalonia, Spain)

Lleida (the capital city of the province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain)


Santa Cruz de Tenerife

Santa Cruz de Tenerife
Santa Cruz de Tenerife#English:_Q14328

Santa Cruz de Tenerife (the largest city on the Spanish island of Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; the co-capital of the Canary Islands, along with Las Palmas; the capital of the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife)

Santa Cruz de Tenerife
Santa Cruz de Tenerife#English:_Q99976

Santa Cruz de Tenerife (a province of the Canary Islands)


Lugo

Lugo (a city, the provincial capital of Lugo, Spain)


Pontevedra

Pontevedra (a province of Galicia, Spain; capital: Pontevedra)

Pontevedra (a city in Pontevedra, Spain)


Cíclades

Borrowed from Latin Cyclades, from Ancient Greek Κυκλάδες (Kukládes).

Cyclades (An archipelago of Greece in the Aegean)


Marques

Marche (an administrative region in central Italy)


Cabrera

Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands#English

Cabrera (an uninhabited island of the Balearic Islands, Spain, off the coast of Mallorca)


Còrdova

Córdoba (the capital of the province of Córdoba, Andalusia, Spain)

Córdoba (a province of Andalusia, Spain, around the city)


Rodes

Borrowed from Latin Rhodus, from Ancient Greek Ῥόδος (Rhódos), of uncertain etymology.

Rhodes (an island, regional unit, and city in the South Aegean, Greece)


Ardecha

Ardèche (a department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, south-central France)

Ardèche (a right tributary of the Rhône, in the departments of Ardèche and Gard, south-central France)


Esmirna

Borrowed from Latin Smyrna, from Ancient Greek Σμύρνα (Smúrna).

Smyrna (an ancient city in Asia Minor, in modern Turkey)

İzmir (a modern city, the capital of İzmir Province, in western Turkey)


Holanda Septentrional

North Holland (a province of the Netherlands)


Nova Orleans

New Orleans (a city in the United States)


Narbona

Narbonne (a town and commune in Aude department, Occitania, southern France)


Marsella

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Marseille (the capital city of Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; the capital city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)


Sudan del Sud

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Sudan del Sud.wav

South Sudan (a country in East Africa, formerly the southern part of Sudan)


Priorat

From priorat (“priory; territory administered by a prior”). Historically, the central region of the comarca was administered by the Carthusian Monastery of Santa Maria d'Escaladei.

Priorat (a comarca in Tarragona province, Catalonia, Spain; capital: Falset)


Aràbia Saudita

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Llobregat

[ʎu.βɾəˈɣat]

Inherited from Latin Rubricātus (“reddish”).


Constança

Borrowed from Latin Cōnstantia, perhaps via French Constance.

Konstanz (a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany)


Almeria

Almeria (a province of Andalusia, Spain; capital: Almeria)


Txetxènia

[t͡ʃəˈt͡ʃɛ.ni.ə]

Chechnya (a republic and federal subject of Russia, in the northern Caucasus)


Txèquia

Czech Republic, Czechia (a country in Central Europe; official name: República Txeca)


Carolina del Sud

South Carolina
South Carolina#English:_Q1456

South Carolina (a state of the United States)


Fraga

Fraga (a town in Bajo Cinca, Huesca, Aragon, Spain)


Abkhàzia

international community
international community

Abkhazia (a geographic region and de-facto independent but largely unrecognized country in the Caucasus on the border of Europe and Asia; considered part of Georgia's territory by the vast majority of the international community)


Pallars

From pallar (“covered in straw”), from Latin paleāris, probably in reference to huts with thatched roofs.

a historical territory of Catalonia, now divided into Pallars Sobirà and Pallars Jussà


Urgell

From Latin Urgellum, from Iberian *uŕki or related to Basque ur.

a historical county of Catalonia, divided into the modern comarques of Alt Urgell, Noguera, Solsonès, Pla d'Urgell, Baix Urgell, and the country of Andorra


Tremp

From a pre-Roman form *Trimplo, of uncertain origin.

the capital of Pallars Jussà, in the province of Lleida, Catalonia


Milà

Milan (the capital city of Lombardy, Italy)

Milan (a metropolitan city of Lombardy, Italy)


Constantinoble

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English

(historical) Constantinople (the former name, from 330–1930 C.E., of Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey; the former capital of the Ottoman Empire and of the Byzantine Empire before that)


Castelló

Castellón de la Plana
Castellón de la Plana#English

Castellón (a province of Valencia, Spain; capital: Castellón de la Plana)


Lícia

(historical) Lycia (a historical region in southwestern Asia Minor, in modern-day Turkey)

(historical) Lycia (a former province of the Roman Empire, existing on its own from 43 AD to 74 AD, and later as part of Lycia et Pamphylia)


Holanda Meridional

South Holland (a province of the Netherlands)


Picardia

Picardy (a former administrative region and historical province of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Hauts-de-France region)


Borgonya

From earlier Burgunya or Borgunya, from French Bourgogne, from Late Latin Burgundia.

Burgundy (a historical region and former administrative region of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté)

Burgundy (an early-medieval kingdom and later former duchy in France and the Netherlands)


Ribagorça

From Latin rīpa (“riverbank”) and a pre-Roman element of uncertain meaning.

Ribagorza (a historic region of Aragon and Catalonia, consisting of the southern portion of the mediaeval county)

Ribagorza (a comarca of Aragon, Spain; capitals: Graus and Benavarri). It represents the western half of the aforementioned historic region, the eastern half forming the Catalan comarca of Alta Ribagorça


Munic

Borrowed from French Munich, from Middle High German Munichen, from Old High German munihum, dative plural of munih (“monk”), from Ancient Greek μοναχός (monakhós).

Munich (the capital and largest city of Bavaria, Germany)


Hispània

(historical) Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula, a peninsula and historical region of Southern Europe covering modern-day Spain, Portugal and Andorra, when under the control of Ancient Rome; split into between two and five Roman provinces, depending on the time period)


Saxònia

Saxony (a state of modern Germany, located in the east, far from historical Saxon lands)

Saxony (a historical region and former duchy in north-central Germany)


Tebes

Thebes (a city in Egypt), located on the site of present-day Luxor


Carcassona

Carcassonne (an old walled city, the prefecture of Aude department, Occitania, France)


Babilònia

Borrowed from Latin Babylonia, from Ancient Greek Βαβυλωνία (Babulōnía).

(historical) Babylon (an ancient city, the ancient capital of Babylonia in modern Iraq, built on the banks of the Euphrates)


Tòquio

From Japanese 東京 (Tōkyō, literally “eastern capital”).

der

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan)


Guinea Equatorial

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English:_Q983

Equatorial Guinea (a country in Central Africa)


Noguera

a comarca of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain, part of the historical County of Urgell


Mesopotàmia

Borrowed from Latin Mesopotamia, from Ancient Greek Μεσοποταμία (Mesopotamía).

(historical) Mesopotamia (a geographic region in southwest Asia, spanning from the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, located in modern Iraq, eastern Syria, and southeast Turkey; the site of one of the most ancient civilizations in the history of man)

(historical) Mesopotamia (a former province of the Roman Empire, existing from 116 to 117 AD and again from 198 to 637 AD)


Peloponès

Borrowed from Latin Peloponnēsus, from Ancient Greek Πελοπόννησος (Pelopónnēsos).

Πελοπόννησος


Gandia

Valencian Community
Valencian Community#English

Gandia (a city in Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain)


Figueres

Figueres (the administrative capital of Alt Empordà, Girona, Catalonia, Spain)


Cardona

a town in Bages, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain


Gènova

Genoa (the capital city of Liguria, Italy)

Genoa (a metropolitan city of Liguria, Italy)


Alsàcia

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Alsatia, from Old High German ali sazzo (“inhabitant of the other”) (referring to the opposite bank of the Rhine), from Proto-West Germanic *alljas (“other”) + *sittjan (“inhabitant”, literally “sitter”).

q

Alsace (a cultural region, former administrative region and historical province of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Grand Est)


Bohèmia

Bohemia (a cultural region in the west of the former Czechoslovakia and present-day Czech Republic)


Vaticà

Learned borrowing from Latin Vātī̆cānus (“Vatican Hill”), from vātēs (“soothsayer, oracle”).

lbor

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Vila-real

Villareal, a city in Castelló, Valencian Community, Spain


Nigèria

Nigeria (a country in West Africa, south of the country of Niger)


Seül

Borrowed from Korean 서울 (Seoul, literally “capital city”) via French Séoul.


Sòria

Castile and León
Castile and León#English

Soria (a province of Castile and León, Spain)

Soria (a city in Soria, Castile and León, Spain)


Avinyó

Avignon (a city, the capital of Vaucluse department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


Bordeus

From Latin Burdigala, from a Proto-Celtic root. Compare the Occitan form of the name Occitan Bordèu.

Bordeaux (the capital city of Gironde department, France; the capital city of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine)


Saona

Borrowed from French Saône, from Latin Sauconna, from the Celtic/Gaulish river goddess Souconna, from a Proto-Celtic word meaning "the flowing, the suckler," from Proto-Indo-European *sewg-, *sewk-.


Llombardia

Lombardy (an administrative region in northern Italy, where its capital and the largest city Milan is founded in the Po Valley)


Guipúscoa

Guipúzcoa (a province of the Basque Country, Spain)


Il·líria

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

(historical) Illyria (a vaguely-defined geographic region in Southeast Europe in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula, approximately coincident with modern Albania)

(historical) Illyria, Illyricum (a much larger former province of the Roman Empire, covering the whole of Dalmatia and Pannonia, existing from 27 BC to c. 70 AD and reconstituted in 293 AD by Diocletian)


Mont-real

alternative form of Montreal: Montreal (an island on which is situated the largest city in Quebec, Canada)


Montpeller

Montpellier (a large city, the prefecture of Hérault department, Occitania, France)


Montseny

Inherited from Latin mōntem signī (literally “mountain of the sign”), from the historical use of the range as a landmark for returning sailors. Equivalent to mont + seny.

inh+

(with the definite article) Montseny (a massif in Catalonia)


Niça

Borrowed from Italian, from Latin Nīcaea, from Ancient Greek Νῑ́καια (Nī́kaia). Doublet of Nicea.

Nice (a coastal city, the capital of Alpes-Maritimes department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeast France)


Tessàlia

administrative region
administrative region

Thessaly (a historical region and modern administrative region of north-central Greece)


Terol

Teruel (a city in Teruel, Aragon, Spain)


Tràcia

Borrowed from Latin Thrācia, from Ancient Greek Θρᾴκη (Thrā́ikē).

Thrace (a historical region of Southeast Europe, now divided between Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey)


Armanyac

Armagnac (a region and former county of the duchy of Gascony in modern-day France)


Bearn

Béarn (a historical region of Gascony, France)


Beòcia

Boeotia (a historical region and modern regional unit of the administrative region of Central Greece, Greece, formerly renowned for the French proverbially equating the residents with philistinism)


Biscaia

Biscay (a province of the Basque Country, Spain)


Edimburg

Edinburgh (the capital city of Scotland)


Cesarea

Caesarea (any of numerous ancient cities in the Roman Empire)


Alcalá

Borrowed from Spanish Alcalá, from Arabic القَلْعَة (al-qalʕa, “the citadel, the fort”).

der

the name of a number of cities and towns in Spain


Canàries

autonomous community
autonomous community

Canary Islands (an archipelago and autonomous community of Spain)


Dalmàcia

Dalmatia (a historical region of Croatia, on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea)

(historical) Dalmatia (a province of the Roman Empire)


Friburg

Borrowed from Alemannic German Friburg, probably via French Fribourg.


Reus

Possibly from reu (“defendant in a trial”), but more likely of Paleo-Hispanic/Celtic origin. The city is mentioned as Reddis and Resis in medieval documents.

Reus (a city in Tarragona province, Catalonia, Spain)


Manresa

Manresa (the capital city of the comarca of Bages, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia)


Jordà

Borrowed from Latin Iordanēs, from Ancient Greek Ἰορδάνης (Iordánēs), from Biblical Hebrew יַרְדֵּן (yardén, “Jordan (river)”).

Jordan (a river in Western Asia, in the Middle East, that empties into the Dead Sea, flowing through Israel, the Golan Heights, the West Bank and Jordan)


Lió

Lyon, Lyons (the capital city of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Estrasburg

Strasbourg (the capital city of Bas-Rhin department, France; the capital city of the region of Grand Est)


Granollers

From granolla (“frog”); Alternatively, from Vulgar Latin *grānuculārios (“granaries”), from *grānuculum, diminutive of grānum (“a grain”).

Granollers (the capital of Vallès Oriental, Barcelona, Spain)


Emirats Àrabs Units

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Emirats Àrabs Units.wav

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English:_Q878

United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Àlaba

Álava (a province of the Basque Country, Spain)


Besiers

Béziers (a city in Hérault department, Occitania, France)


Bages

Possibly related to the name of the ancient Roman resort of Catalan Baiae on the Bay of Naples.

Bages (a comarca in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia)


Balaguer

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic بلغي (“Balàghey”).

bor+

Balaguer (a town in Lleida, Catalonia, Spain)


Bellera

a river in Pallars Jussà, Lleida, Catalonia


Berga

From Latin Bergistani, the name of an Iberian tribe in the region, of uncertain origin.

Berga (the capital city of the comarca of Berguedà, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia)


Berguedà

Berguedà (a comarca in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia)


Calàbria

Calabria (a peninsula and administrative region of southern Italy)


Castellnou

From castell (“castle”) + nou (“new”). Compare English Newcastle, French Neuchâtel, Italian Castelnuovo, etc.

Castellnou (the name of various towns in Catalonia)


Cerdanya

Inherited from Latin Ceretania, referring to the local pre-Roman tribe of the Ceretani, probably from Paleo-Hispanic, perhaps Iberian or Basque (compare harri (“hard, stone, rock”)).

Cerdanya (a historic region of Catalonia currently divided between the provinces of Lleida and Girona in Spain and the Pyrénées-Orientales department in France)


Conflent

Northern Catalonia
Northern Catalonia#English

Conflent (a comarca in Northern Catalonia)


Martorell

From Latin martyr + -ellus, literally “little martyrs, place of martyrs”.

af

Martorell (a municipality of Baix Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain)


Martorelles

→ English: Martorelles

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *martyrētula (“place of little cemeteries”), from martyr+-ētum+-ulus. Related with Martorell.

inh+

Martorelles (a municipality of Vallès Oriental, Barcelona, Spain)


Dàcia

Dacia (an ancient kingdom and province of the Roman Empire; modern Romania and Moldova)


Empordà

Empordà (a historical region the province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain). It is currently divided into two administrative comarques, Alt Empordà and Baix Empordà


Fígols

Possibly from a Vulgar Latin *fīculōs, diminutive of fīcōs (“fig trees”).

Fígols (A municipality in the comarca of Berguedà in Catalonia, Spain)


Sogorb

Segorbe (a municipality of Castellón, Spain)


Gascunya

Gascony (a former region of France, the southern part of the historical region of Aquitaine)


Gavet

a small village in Pallars Jussà, Catalonia


Hortoneda

a small village in Pallars Jussà, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain


Foix

Foix (the capital city of Ariège department, France; capital city)

a former county in the region of Comenge, in Occitania, France


Sinaí

Sinai (a peninsula in eastern Egypt, and the only part of the country located in Asia)


Maurici

Borrowed from Late Latin Mauritius, derived from Maurus (“Moor; dark, swarthy”). Given name popularized by a 3rd-century Roman soldier martyr.

Mauritius (a country in the Indian Ocean, east of East Africa and Madagascar)

Mauritius (the main island of the country of Mauritius)


Efes

(historical) Ephesus (an ancient Greek city in Anatolia, near Selçuk in modern İzmir Province, Turkey)


Anoia

Anoia (a comarca in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; capital: Igualada)


Alcoi

Uncertain. Arabic, Latin, and Iberian etymologies have all been proposed.

Alcoy (a municipality of Alicante, Valencian Community, Spain)


Oliva

a city in Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain


Victòria

Victoria (a state of Australia, located in the southeastern part of the continent; a former British colony from 1851 to 1901)

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

Victoria (a city, the capital of British Columbia)

Victoria (a city, the capital of Seychelles)

Victoria (the capital city of Gozo, the second-largest island of Malta)


Villena

Uncertain. From either Latin Velliena (from Vellius+-ana. Proposed by Menéndez Pidál) or Arabic بِلْيَانَة (bilyāna) (proposed by Domene Verdú)

a city in Alicante, Valencian Community, Spain


Vallès

a historical territory of Catalonia, Barcelona, now divided into the comarques of Vallès Occidental and Vallès Oriental


Gran Bretanya

[ˈɡɾam bɾəˈta.ɲə]

Great Britain
Great Britain#English:_Q145

(loosely) Great Britain (the United Kingdom, a kingdom and country in Northern Europe including the island of Great Britain as well as Northern Ireland on the northeastern portion of the island of Ireland)


Requesens

Sicilian: Requisenz

a neighbourhood in La Jonquera, Catalonia, Spain


Roine

From Old Catalan Royne, from Latin Rhodanus, from Ancient Greek Ῥοδᾰνός (Rhodănós).

Rhone, Rhône (a major river in Switzerland and France that flows from the Alps to the Mediterranean Sea)

Rhône (a department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Jònia

From Latin Iōnia, from Ancient Greek Ἰωνία (Iōnía), possibly of pre-Greek origin.

Ionia (a region of Asia Minor, in modern Turkey)


Pàrtia

(historical) Parthia (a region in northeastern Iran)


Peralada

a village in Alt Empordà, Girona, Catalonia, Spain


Ripoll

Likely from Latin rīvus pōpulōrum (“river of poplars”).

der

Vallès Occidental
Vallès Occidental#English

Ripoll (the capital of Ripollès, Girona, Catalonia)


Prades

a municipality of Baix Camp, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain


Penedès

From penya (“crag”). Compare Galician penedo (“rocky outcrop”).

a region in southern Catalonia, divided among the comarques of Alt Penedès, Baix Penedès and Garraf


Osona

From Late Latin Ausōna, from Latin Ausa, ancient name of the town of Vic.

Osona (a historical territory and comarca of the provinces of Barcelona and Girona, Catalonia, Spain)


Oriola

a municipality of Alicante, Autonomous Community of Valencia, in eastern Spain


Olot

the capital of the comarca of Garrotxa, in the province of Girona, Catalonia


Torí

Turin (a city and province of Piedmont, Italy)


Sitges

a town in Garraf district, Barcelona province, Catalonia, Spain


Solsona

the capital city of Solsonès in the province of Lleida in Catalonia


Segre

Inherited from Latin Sicoris, of uncertain Proto-Celtic origin.

a tributary of the Ebro in France and Spain


Sarrià

Perhaps from Gothic *𐍃𐌰𐌷𐍂𐌾𐌰 (*sahrja) or from Paleo-Hispanic.

Sarrià-Sant Gervasi
Sarrià-Sant Gervasi#English

a neighbourhood of Sarrià-Sant Gervasi district, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain


Besalú

a small village in Garrotxa, Girona, Catalonia, Spain


Bizanci

From Latin Bȳzantium, from Ancient Greek Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον (Būzắntĭon).

(historical) Byzantium (an ancient Greek city situated on the Bosporus in modern Turkey, renamed Constantinople in 330 C.E.; modern Istanbul)


Boí

a small village in Alta Ribagorça, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain


Piles

Piles (a city in Safor, Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain)


Garriga

a municipality in the comarca of Vallès Oriental, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia


Salt

a municipality in northeastern Catalonia, Spain


Selva

Selva (a comarca of Girona, Catalonia, Spain)


República Centreafricana

Calque of French République centrafricaine.

clq

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English:_Q929

Central African Republic (a country in Central Africa)


Tiberíades

Borrowed from Latin Tiberiadis, genitive of Tiberias, from Ancient Greek Τιβεριάς (Tiberiás). Named after Roman Emperor Tiberius.


Montalban

Montauban (a commune, the capital of Tarn-et-Garonne department, Occitania, France)


Pulla

Apulia (a peninsula and administrative region in southern Italy)


Igualada

Igualada (the capital city of Anoia comarca, Barcelona province, Catalonia, Spain)


Ciutat del Vaticà

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Ciutat del Vaticà.wav

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


República Democràtica del Congo

[rəˈpub.bli.kə ðə.muˈkɾa.ti.kə ðəl ˈkoŋ.ɡu]

[rəˈpub.bli.kə ðə.moˈkɾa.ti.kə ðəl ˈkoŋ.ɡo]

[reˈpu.bli.ka ðe.moˈkɾa.ti.ka ðel ˈkoŋ.ɡo]

LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-República Democràtica del Congo.wav

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English:_Q974

Democratic Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa, the larger of the two countries named Congo)


Swazilàndia

(historical) Swaziland (former name of Eswatini: a country in Southern Africa; used until 2018)


Micronèsia

Micronesia (a country consisting of about 2000 islands in the Micronesia region)


Ingúixia

Ingushetia (a republic and federal subject of Russia, in the Caucasus)


Suàbia

Swabia (a historic region of Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria, Germany)

Swabia (an administrative region of Bavaria, Germany)


Xampanya

Champagne (a cultural region and former province of France, the terroir of the wine champagne; now part of Grand Est region)


Iang-Tsé

Borrowed from French Yangtsé, from Mandarin 揚子 /扬子 (Yángzǐ), the former local name for a stretch of the Lower Yangtze.

Iangtsé (alternative)
Iang-tsé (alternative)
Iang-Tse (alternative)

dofí del Iang-tsé


Rocafort

a town, a municipality of Valencia, Valencian Community, Spain


Dubs

Borrowed from French Doubs, Gaulish Dubis.

Doubs (a department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)

Doubs (a left tributary of the Saône, running through the cantons of Neuchâtel and Jura, Switzerland and the departments of Doubs, Jura and Saône-et-Loire, France)


Tànger

From Arabic طَنْجَة (ṭanja), from Latin Tingis, from Punic 𐤕𐤍𐤂 (tng).

Tangier (a port city in Morocco, on the Strait of Gibraltar)


Marràqueix

Borrowed from French Marrakech, from Morrocan Arabic مَرَّاكُش (marrākuš), from Berber ⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⵛ (amur n akuc, literally “Land of God”).

Marrakech (the capital city of the Marrakesh-Safi region, Morocco)


Caixmir

Kashmir (a contested geographic region of South Asia in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, located between (and de facto divided between) India, Pakistan and China)


Colònia

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Cologne (the largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in northwestern Germany)


Manxúria

Manchuria (a historical region of northeastern China comprising the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang and the northeastern part of Inner Mongolia)


Eixample

From eixample (“expansion, extension”), nominalized from the verb eixamplar (“to widen, to extend”). Compare Spanish Ensanche.


Macedònia del Nord

North Macedonia
North Macedonia#English:_Q221

North Macedonia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Nova Caledònia

New Caledonia (an archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania)


Adiguèsia

Adygea (a republic and federal subject of south-west Russia)


Baixkíria

Bashkiria, Bashkortostan (a republic and federal subject of Russia)


Buriàtia

Buryatia (a republic and federal subject in southeast Russia)


Txuvàixia

Chuvashia (a republic and federal subject of Russia, located in Eastern Europe)


Daguestan

Borrowed from Russian Дагестан (Dagestan).

bor+

Dagestan (a republic and federal subject of Russia, located in the Caucasus region)


República de l'Altai

Altai Republic
Altai Republic#English:_Q5971

Altai Republic (a republic and federal subject of Russia, in southern Siberia)


Calmúquia

Kalmykia (a republic and federal subject in southwestern Russia)


Carèlia

Karelia (a historical region of Northern Europe, located to the north of Saint Petersburg and politically split between Russia and Finland)

Karelia (a republic and federal subject of Russia)


Khakàssia

Khakassia (a republic and federal subject of central south Russia)


Marí El

Mari El (a republic of Russia; capital: Yoshkar-Ola)


Mordòvia

Mordovia (a republic and federal subject of southwestern Russia)


Ossètia del Nord

North Ossetia
North Ossetia#English:_Q5237

North Ossetia-Alania
North Ossetia-Alania#English

North Ossetia (a republic and federal subject of Russia, located in the Northern Caucasus mountains; in full, North Ossetia-Alania)


Iacútia

Yakutia, Sakha Republic (a republic and federal subject of eastern Russia)


Udmúrtia

Udmurtia (a republic and federal subject of Russia, on a plain to the west of the Ural Mountains)


Kabardino-Balkària

Kabardino-Balkaria (a republic and federal subject of Russia, located in the Northern Caucasus mountains)


Alps de l'Alta Provença

ca-proper noun

Alps de l'Alta Provença m pl (plural only)

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (a department of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


Alts Alps

Hautes-Alpes (a department of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


Alps Marítims

Alpes-Maritimes (a department of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


Ardenes

Forest of Ardennes
Forest of Ardennes#English

Ardennes (forest, geographic region and low mountain range in France, Belgium, Germany and Luxembourg; in full, Ardennes Forest, Ardenne Forest, or Forest of Ardennes)

Ardennes (a department of Grand Est, France)


Arieja

Ariège (a department of Occitania, France)

Ariège (a right tributary of the Garonne, in the departments of Ariège and Haute-Garonne, Occitania, France)


Boques del Roine

Bouches-du-Rhône (a department of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France; located in the historical region and province of Provence)


Còrsega del Sud

Corse-du-Sud (a department of Corsica, France)


Alta Còrsega

Haute-Corse (a department of Corsica, France)


Costa d'Or

[ˈkɔs.tə ˈð‿ɔr]

Côte-d'Or (a department of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France)


Droma

Drôme (a department of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)

Drôme (a left tributary of the Rhône in the departments of Drôme and Ardèche, in southeastern France)


Eure i Loir

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire#English

Eure-et-Loir (a department of Centre-Val de Loire, France)


Finisterre

Finistère (a department around the cape in Brittany, France)


Alta Garona

Haute-Garonne (a department of Occitania, France)


Loira Atlàntic

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English

Loire-Atlantique (a department of Pays de la Loire, France)


Alvèrnia-Roine-Alps

administrative region
administrative region

Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (an administrative region of France, created in 2016 by the merger of Auvergne and Rhône-Alpes)


Borgonya-Franc Comtat

Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (an administrative region in eastern France, created in 2016 by the merger of Burgundy and Franche-Comté)


Franc Comtat

(historical) Franche-Comté (a historical region and former administrative region of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté)


Alts de França

Hauts-de-France (an administrative region of France, created in 2016 by the merger of Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Picardy)


Gran Est

Grand Est (an administrative region in northeastern France, created in 2016 by the fusion of Alsace, Lorraine and Champagne-Ardenne)


Illa de França

Île-de-France (an administrative region in north-central France, including Paris)


Nova Aquitània

Nouvelle-Aquitaine (an administrative region in southwestern France, established in 2016 by the merger of Aquitaine, Limousin, and Poitou-Charentes)


País del Loira

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English:_Q16994

Pays de la Loire (an administrative region of France, near Brittany)


Provença-Alps-Costa Blava

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (an administrative region of France)


Guaiana Francesa

French Guiana
French Guiana#English:_Q3769

French Guiana (an overseas department and administrative region of France in South America)


Àvila

Castile and León
Castile and León#English

Ávila (a province in Castile and León, Spain; capital: Ávila)

Ávila (a city in Ávila province, Castile and León)


Càceres

Cáceres (a province of Extremadura, Spain)

Cáceres (a city, the provincial capital of Extremadura, Spain)


la Corunya

Borrowed from Galician A Coruña, from earlier A Cruña, from a proposed Celtiberian *clunia (“humid place; prairie”) akin to the Gaulish root of the French toponym Cluny.

der

A Coruña (a city, the provincial capital of A Coruña, Spain)