ဥ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔu (“egg; bird”) (STEDT).


မူ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mow (“to work, move, do, make”), whence also အမှု (a.hmu., “case; deed”); see the latter for more (STEDT).

inh

to pursue some course of action, act, make, set (one's mind) to, etc.


က

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ga³ ~ ʔga² (“to sing, dance, play”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ga (“to dance, leap, stride”); cognate with Old Chinese 歌 (OC *kaːl, “to sing”) and Tibetan གར (gar, “to dance”) (STEDT).


က

According to Hill (2019) (p. 32), cognate with Tibetan ཁལ (khal, “burden, load”), Old Chinese 荷 (OC *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ, “to carry; load”).

och-l

to harness a horse or any draught animal for work


က

(usually used in the negative form မက (ma.ka.)) to be at least equal to


ခ

to be subservient to, be obsequious to or toward


င

to be of sufficient quantity to go round


စ

→ Mon: စ (ca /caʔ/)

According to Schuessler, related to Old Chinese 之 (OC *tjɯ, “to go, proceed”). An earlier derivation by Luce connects the word to Old Chinese 始 (OC *hljɯʔ, “to begin, start”), 初 (OC *sʰra, “initial, first”).


ဆ

次 (OC *sn̥ʰis, “order; next in sequence”)

to estimate weight by holding in the hands, heft or lift to judge weight


တ

to long for, yearn for, wish for (someone or something)


ထ

to erupt, have an outbreak of something, appear on some surface


ပ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ba (“to shine; bright”). Cognate with Tangut mbiɦ (“to shine”) (STEDT); compare also Old Chinese 焚 (OC *bun, “to burn”) (Hill, 2019).


မ

→ Mon: မ (“to support”)

cog

Tibetan སྤོར་ (spor, “to lift up, elevate”)

(figuratively) to shower attention on, pamper


ရှင်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sreŋ (“to live, to be alive”). Cognate with Tibetan གསིང་མ (gsing ma, “pastureland”), Old Chinese 生 (*sreŋ, sreŋ-s, “to live, be born”), and Chinese 牲 (shēng, “animal”) (STEDT)


လာ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ləʔ (“to come”).

to be cited (in scriptures or authoritative works)

(colloquial) to come up to more than expected


ထိုင်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mə-tu(ŋ~k) (“to sit”).


စား

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzaʔ (“to eat”). Cognates include Chinese 咀 (OC *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ) and Tibetan ཟ (za).

to go well, be well suited to, match, become

(gambling) to collect the house's winnings


စား

och-l

足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ, “to satisfy; abundant”)


သောက်

my-verb

သောက် • (sauk)

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s(y)awk (“breast; to suck, drink”) (STEDT). Compare Old Chinese 欶 (OC *sloːɡs, *sroːɡ, “to suck in”).

inh

ဆေးလိပ်မသောက်ရ

မုန့်ဟင်းခါးသွားသောက်ကြစို့

(regional, Mandalay) to eat (a noodle soup)


သောက်

my-verb

သောက် • (sauk)


ရေး

Inherited from Old Burmese ရိယ်း (riy), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-rəj (“to draw, mark; boundary”). Cognates include Tibetan འབྲི ('bri), Khumi Chin tärüte, Old Chinese 理 (OC *rɯʔ, “to cut jade, put in order, manage”) (STEDT).


ဖတ်

→ Jingpho: hpat

→ Shan: ၽတ်း (phát)

According to Benedict 1976 (Rhyming dictionary of Written Burmese), an Indo-Aryan borrowing (STEDT: phat "read audibly ( < Indic)"); compare Sanskrit पठ् (paṭh, “to read”). An older theory by Luce compares the word to Old Chinese 釆 (“to distinguish, discriminate”).
The "dress cotton" sense is grouped with the "read" sense by MED, though it is unclear if it should be grouped.

to interpret the meaning of signs and omens


သွား

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ɢʷra (“to go”). Cognate with Old Chinese 于 (OC *ɢʷa, “to proceed, go”) (STEDT). The "fornicate" sense is a semantic loan from Pali gacchati.
MED groups the "go" and "tooth" senses together, when they should be separated. It is unclear which sense the "be sharp" sense is related to.

မသွားနဲ့။


ကျောင်း

Despite MED, which groups this sense with the "school" sense, STEDT derives the word from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-klawŋ (“to guard, tend cattle, graze, be at leisure”), whence also Tibetan བསྐྱངས (bskyangs, “to guard, keep, tend (cattle)”), སྐྱོང (skyong, “idem”), Old Chinese 養 (OC *laŋʔ, *laŋs, “to nourish, raise, develop”) (STEDT).


ပါ

to be with, be together with, hold, be present, be in

(of inclination, interest, etc.) to show


ဟုတ်

my-verb

ဟုတ် • (hut)

Inherited from Old Burmese ဟုတ်တာ (“amen, truth, indeed”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *srit, *srut (“to be, exist”); cognate with ရှိ (hri., “to be, to exist”), Old Chinese 體 (OC *r̥ʰiːʔ, “body”) (STEDT).

inh+

မဟုတ်ပါဘူး

to be true, to be the case, to be so, to be a fact

to succeed, to be successful, to be accomplished


ဦး

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tV-pu (“head”) (STEDT).


တစ်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s (“liquid; to soak”).

inh

မေတ္တာရေသွန်း၊တစ်ဆွတ်ဖျန်း၍။ လျှာရည်လက်ဆစ်၊လျက်တို့တစ်လည်း။


နှစ်

Causative of နစ် (nac, “to sink, drown”).

(figuratively) to demean oneself or degrade others


သုံး

→ Shan: သုင်း (súng)

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *zum² (“to use”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *z(y)um ~ *zuŋ (“idem”). Cognate with Akha [script needed] (zm̀, “idem”), Old Chinese 用 (OC *loŋs, “idem”); see the Chinese for more (STEDT).


ခြောက်

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔkrok (“to frighten”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/d-krwak (“to fear; to frighten”). Cognate with Old Chinese 嚇 (OC *qʰraːɡs, *qʰraːɡ, “to frighten”) (STEDT).


ကိုး

to dedicate some money as token offertory to a nat spirit


ချစ်

Inherited from Old Burmese ချတ် (khyat) or Old Burmese ခေတ် (khet), ultimately inherited from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kri(k/ŋ) (“to love”). Cognate with Zaiwa zhvit (“to love”), Tibetan སྐྱིད་པ (skyid pa, “happy”), Old Chinese 吉 (OC *klid, “auspicious”) (Hill 2019, p. 228).

ချစ်တယ်။


နေ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-na-s (“to stay, to live, to dwell, to be”).


နိုင်ငံ

နိုင် (nuing, “to conquer, to domineer, to manage”) + ငံ (ngam, “to be complete, be replete with”).

af

(archaic) to abound, be replete, surpass


ကျပ်

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *gyap (cf. Old Chinese 狹 (OC *ɡreːb, “narrow”)).

(to be) tight (pushed or pulled together)


ကျပ်

to put into and twirl or twist (as a feather or stick in the ear)


ကျပ်

တိုင်းကျပ် (tuing:kyap, “small country between two large ones”)

ရက်ကျပ် (rakkyap, “tight schedule”)


ကျပ်

(not used singly) to make tight by binding


မြစ်

och-l

瀰 (OC *niːlʔ, *mnel, *mnelʔ, “overflowing rich water”)


ဆောင်း

to cover one's head, to wear (a hat or helmet etc.)

to give something extra, supplement, contribute

to catch fish with a bamboo conical basket by plunging it into the water


ရ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-ra (“strength; to win; classifier for people”); cognate with အား (a:, “strength; force”), Old Chinese 力 (OC *rɯɡ, “id”) (STEDT).

der

to attain, acquire, earn, learn, reach, etc.

မရပါဘူး။

ဘယ်လောက် ပေးရသလဲ။

ကျွန်တော်ရန်ကုန်ကိုသွားရမယ်။


ဝ

cog

Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bu(r) (“fat, fatty meat”)


သ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sar (“to be new, fresh”).

inh

to make oneself presentable or good-looking


အ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mV-ʔaʔ (“dumb, mute”); cognate with Jingpho ma-a (“mute”) and Old Chinese 啞 (OC *qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ, “mute”).


ဆယ်

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *(t)saːy (“to scoop, dip out”); cognate with Jingpho [script needed] (sài, “to scoop out of water; to skim”) (STEDT). Despite phonetic similarity, as well as semantic similarity in the modern day meanings for both terms, Old Chinese 濟 (OC *ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls, “to help, aid; to ferry”) (adduced by Luce) does not appear to be cognate.

och-l

to save, rescue, salvage, take something out of water, oil, etc.


နောက်

my-verb

နောက် • (nauk)

och-l

鬧 (OC *rnaːws, “to be noisy, make a disturbance”)


နယ်

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m/s-naːy (“to twist, knead, soften”); cognate with Jingpho [script needed] (mə nai, “to twist”) (STEDT). The root seems to be related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s/ʔ-n(w)ay (“cohesive, sticky, elastic”), whence Jingpho [script needed] (ʔnāi, “sticky, adhesive, pliable; elastic”). Note also similarities to Old Chinese 捏 (OC *niːɡ, “to pinch, knead”).


ငှား

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *s/ʔ-ŋa² (“to borrow, lend”), from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *r/s-ŋ(y)a (“idem”). Cognate with Akha [script needed] (ŋà, “to borrow, lend”), Tibetan བརྙན (brnyan, “to borrow”) (STEDT); Luce additionally adduces Old Chinese 寓 (OC *ŋos, “to dwell; to attribute”) as a cognate.

cog

အိမ်ငှား


ထောင်

to set a trap or snare; to trap, frame (a person, etc.)


တူ

သူ ပင်ပန်းနေတာ နဲ့တူတယ်။


နှပ်

to bring to a proper consistency, tenderize, cook until tender

to take a few more winks after waking from sleep, take a short nap


ဝက်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pʷak (“half, one of a pair, side”); see ဖက် (hpak, “to match”) for more (STEDT).


လူ

From Old Burmese လော (lo), ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *su ~ s-lu (“who; indefinite pronoun; remote third-person pronoun”) (STEDT); see သူ (su, “who”) for more. An older theory by Luce tentatively connects Old Chinese 侶 (OC *raʔ, “companion”) to the Burmese, though the final in the Chinese seems problematic.
The "rise" sense is linked with the "man" sense by MED, though it is unclear if they should be linked.

(of smoke, tendrils, glory, etc.) to rise, climb, mount


လင်

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b/m-laŋ, Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/m-laŋ (“penis; male; husband”). Cognate with the second syllable of Jingpho [script needed] (ne³¹ laŋ³³, “penis”), Old Chinese 犅 (OC *klaːŋ, “bull, stud”); older comparisons to 郎 (OC *raːŋ, “husband, young man”) are improbable (see there for more) (STEDT).
The "complete" sense is grouped etymologically with the "husband" sense by MED, and isn't mentioned by STEDT or Luce 1981.

cog

to be complete, sufficient, adequate, liberal, generous


သန်း

to flush (with anger); have a hint of (a smile)


ကြီး

Inherited from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b-gryas (“old”). Compare Old Chinese 耆 (OC *ɡri, “old”) (STEDT).


ပျစ်

cog

Tibetan རྦད་རྦོད (rbad rbod, “thick, dense”)


များ

Inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m(r/y)a (“many, much”). Cognate with Tibetan བྲ་ (bra, “to have in plenty, aboud”) (STEDT).


ပု

လူပု

လည်ပင်းကိုပုထားလိုက်


ကျဉ်း

kyany: (romanization)
ကျည်း (alternative)


ပါး

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ba² (“thin”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ba (“thin, flat”). Cognate with Nuosu ꁧ (bbo), Jingpho pha (“thin”), Drung ba (“thin”) (> svba (“to make thin”)), S'gaw Karen ဘူ (boo, “thin”), Old Chinese 薄 (OC *baːɡ, “thin, flimsy”) (STEDT).
The "send" sense is equated with the "thin" sense by MED, though STEDT apparently separates the two and gives no etymology for "send" (pâ "send ( by hand or person )").


တုတ်

my-verb

တုတ် • (tut)

to strike (the big drum of the Myanmar orchestra)


တုတ်

တုတ် • (tut)


တုတ်

တုတ် • (tut)


ပန်း

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bal (“tired, thirsty”); cognate with Jingpho [script needed] (ban, “to be at rest”) (STEDT), as well as Old Chinese 疲 (OC *bral, “tired”) (Hill (2019)).

cog

my:ပန်း (သံတူကြောင်းကွဲ)


ပန်း

my:ပန်း (သံတူကြောင်းကွဲ)


ပန်း

my:ပန်း (သံတူကြောင်းကွဲ)

to move in an arc to overtake or outflank


မြက်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(m/b)rak (“to cut, tear, maul, lacerate”); cognate with Old Chinese 略 (OC *ɡ·raɡ, “sharp, keen”) (STEDT).


သား

to rule, draw, inscribe (a line); delineate


ငှါး

ငှား ငှား#Burmese


ချို

(colloquial) to not do anything to the fullest extent; to not go full out


နား

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na (“to stay, rest, dwell, be, live, alight, perch”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan གནས (gnas, “to live, reside”), as well as possibly Old Chinese 棲 (OC *siːl, “to perch, roost, stay”).


ခြေ

Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m/s-kri(y)-s (“gall(bladder), bile, sour”)

to crush into small bits, pieces, or powder


တောင်

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *dwaŋ (“cubit”) (STEDT: ʔə toŋ "cubit"), a semantic extension of Proto-Tibeto-Burman *dwaŋ (“wing, hand”) (whence the first syllable of တောင်ပံ (taungpam, “wing”)). Cognate with Mizo tong (“cubit”).


တောင်

For the "wing" sense, from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *dwaŋ (“wing, hand”) , whence Akha [script needed] (dáŋ, “wing”) (STEDT).


ဆိုး

Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tsəw-s/t (“to color, dye”)


လက်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lewk (“to shine, flash”); cognate with Tibetan གློག (glog, “lightning”), as well as Old Chinese 曜 (OC *lewɢs, “to shine; brightness”) (STEDT).

inh

to flash, glitter, scintillate, coruscate


တို့

to touch (something) lightly, dab, prod, goad (draught animals)

to instigate surreptitiously, incite on the sly


အက်

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ak (“to crack open, mouth, chin”); cognate with Lepcha [script needed] (ók, “to open (as door, mouth)”) (STEDT).


ပြား

Related to Old Chinese 披 (OC *pʰral, *pʰralʔ, “to divide, scatter”) (Hill 2019, p. 32).
The "swamp, forest" sense is grouped with the "spread out" sense by MED, perhaps interpreted as "spread-out collection of trees".


ပြား

Related to Old Chinese 板 (OC *praːnʔ, “plank, board”) (and thus also 版 (OC *praːnʔ, “plank, printing block”)) (Hill 2019, p. 224).


ပေါင်

The "thigh" sense is from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *(p/b)waŋ (“hips, buttocks, tail, anus”), and cognate with Tibetan ཕོངས (phongs, “buttock”) (STEDT). Luce adduces no further possible cognates for the "thigh" sense.
The "add, attach" and "pawn, mortgage" senses are linked with the "thigh" sense by MED (perhaps as "thighs" are an "attachment" to the body), but apparently separated by STEDT and given no etymology (poŋ "superadd lengthwise; attach to the side of", "pawn, mortgage"). Luce combines the "add" and "pawn" meanings together etymologically (perhaps via semantic association of "putting side-by-side (attaching)" with "pawning items that are juxtaposed"), though adduces no cognates.

inh

to add on, attach, append, affix (something to make something else stronger, complete, fuller, etc.)


ကျော

to do better than others, excel, outdo someone, surpass, have the edge on someone

to say, act, do something to get unfair advantage


ကိုက်

my-verb

ကိုက် • (kuik)

According to STEDT, from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kuːk ~ *kawk (“to shear, strip, pare”), which may be related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/r-kawk ~ *s/r-kwak (“outer covering, skin, bark, rind”), for which see ခေါက် (hkauk, “tree bark”). Close cognates from the former root include Garo [script needed] (kik, “to strip”) (STEDT).
That said, as a word with a final -uik, a borrowing from Mon is also possible; compare Mon သ္ကိတ်.

cog

to come up to (expectations, etc.), agree, equal, correspond


စုပ်

my-verb

စုပ် • (cup)

Compare Thai สูบ (sùup), Lao ສູບ (sūp), Lü ᦉᦳᧇᧈ (ṡub¹), Khmer ជប់ (cup), ស្រូប (sroup) (possible doublets), Zhuang sup or cup.

cog

Lü ᦉᦳᧇᧈ (ṡub¹)

to suck (to use the mouth to pull in (liquid etc.))


စုပ်

my-verb

စုပ် • (cup)


စုပ်

စုပ် • (cup)


ထွေး

Inherited from Old Burmese ထုယ် (htuy), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-turʔ (“water, liquid”), a root with significant variation across branches. Compare also Thai ถุย (tǔi), suggesting onomatopoeic origin or influence. Alternatively, compare Old Chinese 唾 (OC *tʰoːls, “spittle”) (Hill, 2019).

inh

to spit (to evacuate (saliva or another substance) from the mouth), spit out (water or food)


ထွေး

to wrap or swaddle (with shawl, blanket, etc.)


အော့

my-verb

အော့ • (au.)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔaw (“to vomit”). Cognate with Old Chinese 嘔 (OC *qoː, *qoːʔ, “to vomit, babble”) (STEDT).


အန်

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *wan (“nauseated; to vomit”). Cognate with Manipuri [script needed] (ong, “vomit”), Jingpho [script needed] (wòn, “nauseated”) (STEDT).


အော့အန်

my-verb

အော့အန် • (au.an)

အော့ (au., “to retch, vomit”) + အန် (an, “to spill over, vomit”).


မှုတ်

my-verb

မှုတ် • (hmut)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k/s-mut (“to blow”). Cognate with Jingpho mut (“to blow”) and Chepang मुत्सा (“to blow (into), to play wind instrument”).


မှုတ်

my-verb

မှုတ် • (hmut)


ရယ်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-r(j)a-j/s/t (“to laugh”). Cognate with Tibetan བཞད (bzhad, “to laugh, smile”), Nuosu ꒉ (yy, “to laugh, smile”), and Lisu ꓪꓽ ꓫꓱꓻ (wɑ̀ ʃø, “to laugh”).


မြင်

Inherited from Old Burmese မြင် (mrang), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mə-taŋ (“to look, to see”).

ဖွားမြင် ဖွားမြင်#Burmese

(same as ဖွားမြင် (hpwa:mrang)) to give birth, be born


ကြား

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *(k/g)ra (“to hear, listen, sound”); cognate with Tibetan སྒྲ (sgra, “sound, voice”) (STEDT). Luce additionally compares Old Chinese 喈 (OC *kriːl, “to resound; melody”). Note also similarities to 諫 (OC *kraːns, “to admonish”), 聆 (OC *reːŋ, “to listen carefully”).


သိ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sjəj (“to know”). Compare with Tibetan ཤེས་པ (shes pa, “to understand; to know”), Chinese 悉 (xī, “to know”), Mizo thei (“can; to be able”), Chepang चीःसा (ciʔ‑, “to know; to understand”).

cog

ကျွန်တော့် ဖုန်းနံပါတ် သိလား။

2006, Gene Mesher, Burmese for Beginners, page 113:

kuijau kuiwang:nai. kuimang:kui si.tai||

to know (be acquainted or familiar with; have knowledge of)


တတ်

och-l

達 (OC *tʰaːd, *daːd, “to thoroughly understand, reach”)

ဗမာစကား ပြောတတ်သလား။

to be clever, be skilled, be qualified, be capable


ထင်

→ Jingpho: htang

→ Shan: ထၢင်ႇ (thàang)

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *taŋ¹ ~ *m-daŋ² (“to think, feel an emotion”); cognate with Lahu [Term?] (dɔ³, “to think”) (STEDT). Luce apparently compares Old Chinese 呈 (OC *rleŋ, *l'eŋs, “to manifest”), though the phonetics of the Old Chinese reconstruction make a relation uncertain.


စဉ်းစား

ca: (romanization)
စင်းစား (alternative obsolete)

desc

→ Mon: စန်စာ

→ Mon: စန်စာ

→ Shan: ၸဵၼ်းၸႃး (tsáen tsáa)

စဉ်း (cany:, “to mince”) + စား (ca:, “to consume, do for a living”); the first component is assigned to both "mince" and "steelyard" by MED, though the latter makes little sense.

af

to think (communicate to oneself in one's mind), consider


တွေး

och-l

推 (OC *tʰuːl, *tʰjul, “to push; to deduce”)

to think (communicate to oneself in one's mind), ponder, reflect, imagine, consider


နမ်း

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-nam (“to smell”). Cognate with Jingpho nam (“to smell”), Chepang नाम्ह्सा (“to sniff”). Related to နံ (nam, “stink”).


ကြောက်

my-verb

ကြောက် • (krauk)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/d-krwak (“fear; frighten”). Cognate with Nuosu ꐬ (jjur) (as in ꐬꆠ (jjur hla, “to fear”)), Tibetan སྐྲག་པ་ (skrag pa, “to be afraid”) and Drung vkraq (“to be surprised, to be frightened”), as well as Old Chinese 嚇 (OC *qʰraːɡs, *qʰraːɡ, “to frighten”) (STEDT).


အိပ်

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *yipᴸ ~ yupᴸ (“to sleep”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *jip (“to sleep”). Cognate with Lolopo yixr (“to lie down, to sleep”), Jingpho yup (“to sleep”), Drung ip (“to sleep”), Yakkha युप्मा (jupma, “to sleep”) and Naxi yil (“to sleep”); note similarity with Old Chinese 魘 (OC *qemʔ, *qeb, “bad sleep, nightmare”). Note also 邑 (OC *qrɯb, “settlement, city”), 葺 (OC *ʔsib, *sʰib, *zib, “to thatch”), which may stem from the same root; for a semantic parallel regarding the connection between "rest, sleep" and "cover, reside" in an unrelated language, note English couch and city, both from the same Indo-European root (STEDT). Doublet of သိပ် (sip).

och-l

(of trains, airplanes) to stop over for the night


သေ

Inherited from Old Burmese သိယ် (siy), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sij (“to die”). Compare Chinese 死 (sǐ), Dzongkha ཤི (shi).
The "stable" and "wine" senses are grouped with the "die" sense by MED, perhaps as "dying" is a form of "stability (no action)"; for a semantic parallel, compare English die down.


ဆုံး

cog

Tibetan རྫོགས (rdzogs, “to be at an end”)

(honorific) to die (stop living), pass away


သတ်

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-sat (“to kill”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/b-sat (“to kill”) (STEDT). Causative of သေ (se).

to struggle, wrestle, or fight with another person


ရန်ဖြစ်

ရန် (ran, “a quarrel”) + ဖြစ် (hprac, “to make”)


အမဲလိုက်

အမဲ (a.mai:, “game (wild animals hunted for food)”) + လိုက် (luik, “to follow”)


ရိုက်

my-verb

ရိုက် • (ruik)

ဓာတ်ပုံရိုက်

to take (a picture, photograph); to film, shoot a film


ညှပ်

och-l

攝 (OC *neːb, *ʔnjeb, “to grasp, take in”)

to clamp, put something between two things, interlard, sandwich

to cut (divide with a sharp instrument), to cut with scissors

to hold something under one's arm or between the fingers, tuck in something at one's waist

any pincer-like device such as tongs, forceps, tweezers, etc.


ခွဲ

Causative of ကွဲ (kwai:). The "half" sense is from a semantic development "divide" > "of a divided portion" > "half".

to split (divide along a more or less straight line); to break, divide, part

to separate, divide into parts, differentiate, discriminate

to dissect, operate, incise (as in surgery), cut


ထိုး

According to Hill (2019) (p. 64), from an older [script needed] (*tuiwḥ); he gives no potential non-Burmish cognates. STEDT gives no etymology (thûi "thrust, stab, strike").

to be bitten (by a bug, etc.)
to be eaten (by moths, worms, etc.)

to plunge headlong; to turn or somersault

to play a beam of light on something; to project (a slide, legend, etc.)

to press and shove something across a surface (as in ironing, planing, etc.)

to fabricate something by intertwining things, knit, embroider, crochet, weave, braid, plait

to make something which requires stirring with a spatula


ကုတ်

head

ကုတ် • (kut)

to scratch (rub a surface with a sharp object)


ကုတ်

ကုတ် • (kut)


တူး

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *n-du² (“to dig”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/m-du (“to dig, hoe”). Cognate with Nuosu ꅤ (ndu, “to dig”), Naxi ddv (“to dig”), Jingpho thu (“to dig”), Drung du (“to excavate, to dig up”), and Old Chinese 突 (OC *tʰuːd, *duːd, “to break, dig through; suddenly”) (STEDT).


ရေကူး

ရေ (re, “water”) + ကူး (ku:, “to cross”).


ပျံ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(p/b)jam. Cognates include Jingpho pyen.

ပျံတော်မူ ပျံတော်မူ#Burmese

(same as ပျံတော်မူ (pyamtaumu), Buddhism, of a monk) to die, pass away


လျှောက်

my-verb

လျှောက် • (hlyauk)

to address formally (a subordinate to a superior)

to apply for (positions, places, jobs, materials, etc.)


လမ်းလျှောက်

လမ်းလျှောက် • (lam:hlyauk)

လမ်း (lam:, “road”) + လျှောက် (hlyauk, “to walk”).


လှဲ

hlai: (romanization)
လှည်း (alternative)

to lie down, recline, be in horizontal position


လှည်း

och-l

篲 (OC *sɢʷeds, “to sweep; bamboo broomstick”)


လှည်း

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


ရပ်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kV-r(j)əp. Cognate with Cantonese 立 (laap⁶), Dzongkha ཞབས (zhabs, “leg, foot”), Jingpho tsap (“stand”), Nuosu ꉆ (hxit, “stand, stand up”), Lisu ꓦꓰꓼ (h̃è̱, “stand, stand up, stand straight”).

cog

(intransitive) to stop (cease moving; come to an end)

(transitive) to stop (cause to cease moving; bring to an end)

(intransitive) to stand (support oneself on the feet in an erect position)


လှည့်

(intransitive) to turn (move around an axis through itself), go or move around something, spin

(transitive) to turn (change the direction or orientation of)

to go from place to place, make the rounds

လူပျိုလှည့် လူပျိုလှည့်#Burmese

(same as လူပျိုလှည့် (lu-pyuihlany.)) to pay court to, go a courting


ချိုး

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *k(r/y)aw ~ *kh(r/y)aw ~ *k(h)ləw (“to break, snap (a stick)”), though STEDT does not link the root to any Burmese entries and adduces no further cognates, nor is it mentioned by Luce 1981.

inh

to turn (change one's direction of travel), make a turn

to count (by flexing one finger after another)


ချိုး

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *krəw-t (“to wash”), and cognate with Tibetan ཁྲུད (khrud, “to wash”) (STEDT). Luce adduces Old Chinese 浴 (OC *loɡ, “to bathe”) as a cognate; note also similarities to 濯 (OC *r'eːwɢs, *r'eːwɢ, “to moisten, wash”), which STEDT tentatively compares both to this root as well as to the probably-unrelated Proto-Sino-Tibetan *glwak (“to shine, flash”).


ကျ

Derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(k/g)la-k/y/t (“to fall”). Cognate with Mizo tla ~ tlâk (“to fall”) and Old Chinese 下 (OC *ɡraːʔ, *ɡraːs, “lower; under; to go down”). Doublet of ချ (hkya.) (STEDT).

och-l

to fall (move to a lower position under the effect of gravity), drop, descend, come down


ပေး

Inherited from Old Burmese ပိယ်ဟ် (piyh), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *Pi(k) (“to give”) or Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pîʔ (“to give”). Cognate with Tibetan སྦྱིན (sbyin, “to give, to bestow”) and Old Chinese 畀 (OC *pids, “to give”) (STEDT).

cog

to give (transfer the possession of something to someone else)


ကိုင်

...ကိုလက်တွင်ကိုင်

to set right, repair, prepare (meat or fish) for cooking

to be seized with some kind of affliction

to be possessed by some malevolent influence


ညှစ်

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔnyit. Outside of Lolo-Burmese, the verb root is only found in Proto-Naish *nji (“to twist, wring”).


ပွတ်

to rub (move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area)


ဆေး

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *tsəj² (“to wash”), from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *tsəj (“idem”); cognate with Akha [script needed] (tshì, “to idem”). Said Tibeto-Burman root may be related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/b-s(y)il ~ *m/b-syal (“to wash, bathe”), the latter whence Old Chinese 洗 (OC *sɯːlʔ, *sɯːnʔ, “to wash”) (STEDT).

to wash (clean with water or other fluid)


သုတ်

my-verb

သုတ် • (sut)

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *sutᴴ ~ sitᴴ (“to wipe, sweep”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s(u/i)t (“to wipe, sweep, rub, scrub”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan བཤུད (bshud, “to wipe”), Old Chinese 刷 (OC *sroːd, *srod, “to rub; brush”) (though STEDT mistakenly puts down 恤 (OC *sqʰʷiɡ, “to sympathize, compensate”) for the Chinese character instead).

och-l

to wipe (rub to remove a surface substance)

to spread; to paint; to apply paint or earth oil


ဆွဲ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/n)waj (“to hang from, cling to; creeper”), though the exact morphology of the initial is unclear; see တွဲ (twai:, “to link; drooping, hanging”) for more (Hill 2019).

der

to drag, pull, tow, tug (apply force to (something) so it comes towards one)


တွန်း

och-l

推 (OC *tʰuːl, *tʰjul, “to push, propel”)

to push (apply force to (something) so that it moves away)


ပစ်

to throw (cause an object to move rapidly through the air), toss away, fling, hurtle


ချည်

to bind, tie, fasten (attach or fasten with string)


ချုပ်

→ Shan: ၶျုၵ်ႈ (khjūk, “to control”)

Inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔ-(d/g)rup (“to sew”). Cognate with Tibetan འདྲུབ་ ('drub, “idem”) (STEDT khyup "sew, bind; confine; cut off; imprison; control, rule").
The other senses, such as "confine", "control", and "summarize", are all considered equivalent to the "sew" sense by MED, as a form of "binding".

inh+

to sew (join pieces of fabric by means of needle and thread), bind, stitch

to hamper the free movement of someone or something, bind

to suffer from (some form of constriction in the bowels)

to make an obligation (such as a contract) binding, sign (a contract)

to come to an end, bring to a close, cease


ရေတွက်

ရေ (re, “count”) + တွက် (twak, “calculate”)

compound

to count (enumerate or determine number)


ပြော

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-br(w)a(ŋ/k) (“to speak”); cognate with Tibetan སྨྲ (smra, “to say, utter”) (STEDT), as well as perhaps Old Chinese 譒 (OC *paːls, “to promulgate”).

inh

to speak, say, utter, narrate, tell, relate


ပြော

to be plentiful, be full of, be great in degree


ဆို

Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-tsyat (“to say, speak”)

သီချင်းဆို


ရက်

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *rak ~ tak/*dak ~ k-rak (LaPolla, 1987), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tək (“to weave, to knit”) (Hill, 2019). Cognate with Tibetan འཐག ('thag, “to weave”) and Chinese 織 (OC *tjɯɡs, *tjɯɡ, “to weave”) (STEDT).


ဆော့

och-l

奏 (OC *ʔsoːs, “to play a musical instrument”)

to play (act in a manner such that one has fun), be up to mischief


ကစား

MED treats the term as an atomic unit, and STEDT gives no etymology (kacā: "play (a game)"). Luce suggests a connection to Old Chinese 戲 (OC *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː, “to play, tease”), which seems highly speculative and not particularly likely based on phonetics. That said, the first syllable appears to be က (ka., “to dance”), while the second syllable may be စား (ca:) in the sense of "to match".

to play or take part in sports or games (such as football, volleyball, etc.)

(of mind, position, etc.) to be unstable, to make it unstable, to have some amount of play


မျော

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pyaw (“to swim, float, raft”); compare Old Chinese 漂 (OC *pʰew, *pʰews, “to float, drift”) (STEDT; Benedict, 1972).

inh

to faint, lose consciousness, sink into a coma


စီး

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gyi ~ *dzyi (“to ride, sit astride, sit (on a horse)”), a Wanderwort in the E/SE sprachbund (STEDT). Compare Old Chinese 騎 (OC *ɡral, *ɡrals), Khmer ជិះ (cih), Nuosu ꋩ (zzy, “to ride; to bear (a rider)”), ꊪ (zy, “to cause to ride”), Thai ขี่ (kìi), Lao ຂີ່ (khī), Zhuang gwih, White Hmong caij, Vietnamese cưỡi, Proto-Austronesian *sakay (“catch a ride, join a group, ride on something”).

cog

to take unfair advantage, especially with one's equals


ရေ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-tsjəj (“to count”); see Old Chinese 數 (OC *sroʔ, *sros, *sroːɡ, “to count; number”) for more cognates (STEDT).


မိုး

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-məw (“sky, clouds, fog”). Doublet of မြူ (mru, “fog”).
The "roof, hold over, tower" senses are considered equivalent to the "sky" sense by MED, but possibly different by STEDT (amui: "roof"). They appear to be semantic extensions from "sky" > "what lies above" > "roof, hold over".

inh

to hold something over the head; to hold something over someone or something


ကန်

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *gan ~ *k(y)at (“to run, dance, kick”) (STEDT). Cognate with Jingpho [script needed] (gān, “to leap, bound, gallop, canter”). The Tibeto-Burman root is distinct from, though possibly related to, Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gaːr ~ *ga (“to dance; to sing; to leap; to stride”), whence Old Chinese 歌 (OC *kaːl, “to sing, chant”).


ကျောက်

my-verb

ကျောက် • (kyauk)


လေ

Inherited from Old Burmese လိယ်, from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *s/ʔ-ləy¹, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *qV-lij (“wind”). Cognate with Rakhine လီ.


ပြာ

cog

Western Kayah [script needed] (phe¹¹, “ashes, fireplace”)

to toss up rice grains in a tray to separate chaff, brokens, wizened grains, etc.


လောင်

Old Chinese 爛 (*ɡ·raːns, “bright, brilliant; rotten”)


စိမ်း

my-verb

စိမ်း • (cim:)

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *džim² (“raw”), from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *dz(y)im (“raw, green, unripe”) (STEDT). Cognate with Lolopo zzeir (“raw, uncooked”). Luce's comparison to Old Chinese 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “blue-green, young”), though semantically appealing, appears to be outdated phonetically.
MED considers the "abandon" sense related, perhaps via semantic shift "raw" > "unfamiliar (not yet processed)" > "to leave unfamiliar" > "to abandon".


ဝါ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/s-wa (“white; yellow; bright”), which is part of a complex word family with many allofams. More distant cognates from the allofam *hwaŋ (“shine, bright, yellow”) include ဝင်း (wang:, “bright”) and Old Chinese 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “yellow”) (STEDT).


ပူ

och-l

暴 (OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ, “to expose to the sun”)

ကလေးတစ်ညလုံးပူ...

the child was restive all through the night...


ချမ်း

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kyam (“cold, snow, ice”). Cognate with Jingpho [script needed] (khyēn, “snow, ice, frost”) (STEDT).


ပြည့်

Shan: ပျေႉ (pjḛ̂e)

Inherited from Old Burmese ပ္လည် (plaññ), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(p/b)liŋ (“full; to fill”). Compare Old Chinese 盈 (OC *leŋ, “to fill”) (STEDT); note also similarities to 豐 (OC *pʰuŋ, “luxuriant, abundant”).

inh

(of time, length, weight, etc.) to reach a specific point, fill up to


အို

Of uncertain origin. Has been taken as inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ga (“old”), whence Old Chinese 故 (OC *kaːs, “old things; former; dead”) and Tibetan རྒ (rga, “to be old; aged”) ; however, the phonetics are dubious, and STEDT does not link the Burmese to the Sino-Tibetan root (ui "old (of persons)"). Luce gives Old Chinese 嫗 (OC *qos, “old woman; to warm-nurse”) as a cognate, though the Chinese is thought to be related to ဥ (u., “egg”) instead.


ပုပ်

my-verb

ပုပ် • (pup)

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-bup (“to rot; spotted > to write”); compare Akha bòq (“to write”) (STEDT). Despite similar semantics and superficially-similar phonetics in the modern form, apparently unrelated to Chinese 腐 (OC *boʔ, “to rot”).

inh

to decay, decompose, rot, become rotten, be rotten, be putrid


ဖြောင့်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(p/b)ljaŋ (“straight; to straighten”), and cognate with Old Chinese 挺 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ, “to stick out, straighten up; straight, stiff; quite”); see there for more (STEDT).

och-l

to get on well (in business or with others)


ဝိုင်း

According to STEDT, from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *hwaŋ (“to encircle; circular, fence”), whence also ဝင်း (wang:, “enclosure”). The -uing final suggests a Mon loan, however, perhaps from a form related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *wa(a)ŋ (“enclosure”), which may imply an areal word.

inh

to shake grain around in a circular bamboo tray to separate it from the chaff


လုံး

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-lu(ŋ/m) (“heart; round”). Cognate with Drung tvleum (“round”), Jingpho lum (“round”) and Tibetan ཟླུམ (zlum, “round; spherical”).

(of fish, meat) to mix with condiments and oil all together and cook partially


ချော

och-l

滑 (OC *ɡruːd, *kuːd, *ɡuːd, “to slide; smooth”)


မှာ

to order (request some product or service)


တွင်

to gain currency, become widely accepted

to come off well, do well, prosper, make progress, make headway


ကြောင်

The "cat" sense is from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *k-roŋ¹ (“cat, wildcat”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-rwaŋ (“cat, wildcat; tiger”). Compare the first syllable of Garo meng-gong (“cat”) (STEDT).
The verbal senses are grouped with the "cat" sense by MED, perhaps as a figurative "to be like a cat", though STEDT appears to separate them and leave their origin open (kroŋ "cheat, swindle", kroŋ- "with eyes wide open, staring").

inh

to be discordant, be odd, be unharmonious

to feel odd or awkward (in strange company), feel out of place


ပိုး

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *bəw² (“to carry on back”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *puʔ (“to carry (on back or shoulders)”). Cognate with Old Chinese 抱 (OC *buːʔ, “to heft, hug”) (STEDT).

to carry on the back, carry pickaback, piggyback

to add on, splice on, tack onto, reinforce


ကျား

Probably a semantic extension of the "tiger" sense in Etymology 1, owing to the tiger's striped coat (MED groups the "variegated" and "tiger" senses together).

to have a pattern, especially striped, checkered, square, or with patches of alternate colors; to be variegated


ကြာ

→ Shan: ၵျႃႇ (kjàa)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gra (“long (time)”). Cognate with Old Chinese 遐 (OC *ɡraː, “far, distant, long (time)”) (STEDT: kra "long ( in doing, in time )"). Hill (2019) (p. 251) adduces 架 (OC *kraːls, “stand, support”) (which he mistakenly writes as 枷 (OC *ɡa, *ɡal, *kraːl, “shackles”)) as a phonetically-sound cognate.

och-l

to take a long time, be a long time (since)


ချပ်

to insert a flat thin thing between two surfaces


ချပ်

နှလုံးချပ်မိ; သတိချပ်မိ


ထူး

to be different from others, special, unique


ပြီး

Inherited from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *N-bri¹/² (“full, complete”) (STEDT). Cognate with Lahu bi (“full”); outside of Lolo-Burmese, compare Old Chinese 罷 (OC *breːlʔ, *bral, *bralʔ, “to cease, finish, complete”).


ကြံ

cog

Tibetan སྒོམ (sgom, “to meditate, contemplate”)

och-l

監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms, “to mirror, observe”)


ထိ

hit the nail on the head
hit the nail on the head

to make a point, hit the nail on the head


မြင့်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-raŋ (“high; long”). Cognate with Nuosu ꀊꂥ (a hmu, “tall, high”), Lolopo mu (“high, tall”) and Drung mrvng (“long, tall”), Mongsen Ao tə́-hláŋ, Old Chinese 陵 (OC *rɯŋ, “mound, hill”) (STEDT).


ဆူ

Inherited from Old Burmese ဆော, ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsjow (“to boil, burn, cook, bake”). Cognate with Old Chinese 焦 (OC *ʔsew, “to scorch”); see there for more (STEDT).
The "be noisy" sense isn't given etymology by STEDT (shu²² "make a row, racket") and isn't mentioned by Luce 1981, while MED considers it a semantic extension of the "boil" sense, which appears semantically reasonable.

(intransitive, of water, liquid) to boil, come to a boiling stage


ဆူ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsow-s (“fat, omentum”). Cognate with Old Chinese 臇 (OC *ʔsol, *ʔsonʔ, “fatty; meaningful”); see there for more (STEDT).


ဝတ်

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *wyatᴸ (“to wear clothes”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *w(y)a-t ~ wit (“to wear; to clothe”). Cognate with Nuosu ꃢ (vit), Lolopo veixr (“to wear, to put on (clothes)”), Athpare वाट्मा (waʈma, “to put on clothes, to wear”), वाप्मा (wapma, “to wear”), and possibly Old Chinese 衣 (OC *qɯl, *qɯls, “clothing”) (STEDT).

cog

to wear (have on clothes, etc.), put on, adorn


ဝေး

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *wəy² (“far”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-wəy-n (“idem”). Cognate with Lahu [Term?] (vɤ³, “idem”), Old Chinese 遠 (OC *ɢʷanʔ, *ɢʷans, “idem”) (STEDT).

to be far from, be out of touch, be out of contact, be or go without something


စိမ့်

my-verb

စိမ့် • (cim.)

Not given etymology by STEDT (cimʼ "transude, ooze through"). According to Luce, related to Old Chinese 浸 (OC *ʔsims, *sʰim, “to soak, immerse”), Tibetan ཇིམ་པ་ (jim pa, “mud”); the Chinese comparison is supported by Schuessler 2007. Compare Mon ဇီု (“marsh, swamp”).

och-l

to feel the chill, have a creepy feeling


စိတ်

my-verb

စိတ် • (cit)

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *m-dziːtᴸ ~ m-tsiːtᴴ (“to split”), from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *(d)ziːt ~ *(t)siːt (“to split”); cognate with Tibetan ཟེད (zed, “broken off, damaged, injured”). See also စုတ် (cut, “to be torn”), which seems to be allofamically related (STEDT).


ပို

och-l

副 (OC *pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ, “duplicate, auxiliary”)

to be in excess, be more than what is necessary, be over and above the norm, overdo

to exceed (be larger, greater than something else or than expected or desirable; go beyond the limits of something)


စံပယ်

စံ (cam, “(of royalty) to stay or live”) + a component ပယ် (pai) of uncertain interpretation and origin, whose lexicographic definitions ("unit of land measure" and "to reject") do not match the overall word very closely (though the "unit of land measure" appears feasible).

com

(of the Buddha or royalty) to sojourn at a place


ဆင်

Luce compares the word to Old Chinese 匠 (OC *sbaŋs, “artisan”), based on a reconstructed Middle Chinese pronunciation *dzyaŋ; however, newer reconstructions of the Old Chinese pronunciation as *s.baŋ-s make this doubtful (though said reconstructions seem to be still under debate). See also Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to cut, chisel”).
The "design, pattern" and "resemble" senses are grouped with the "adorn, decorate" sense by MED, which appears semantically reasonable.

to resemble, be alike, bear a likeness to, be similar in appearance


ဝယ်

Probably from a Proto-Lolo-Burmese *way (“to buy”), with further derivation unclear (STEDT). Perhaps from the same word family as Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/s-laj ~ r/s-lej ~ b-rej (“to exchange, buy”) (whence Old Chinese 移 (OC *lal, “to change places”), 易 (OC *leːɡs, *leɡ, “to exchange”)); the latter Sino-Tibetan root is known for variable prefixes and -ay/-ey vocalism.


ဘတ်

obsolete spelling of ဖတ် (hpat, “to read”)


လဲ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/s-laj ~ r/s-lej ~ b-rej (“to exchange, buy”), whence Old Chinese 移 (OC *lal, “to change places”) (Hill, 2019). See also ဝယ် (wai, “to buy”), which may be related (STEDT).


လဲ

to fall down (from a standing or sitting position)


ထူ

Compare Old Chinese 樹 (OC *djoʔ, *djos, “to plant; tree”).


စစ်

och-l

篩 (OC *sreːl, *srel, *sri, “sieve; to strain”)


ယဉ်

→ Shan: ယဵၼ်ႇ (yàen)

(of drugs or medicine) to lose strength or efficacy; to develop a resistance to drugs, antibiotics, etc.


စာ

Inherited from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-tsa (“sparrow”). Compare Old Chinese 雀 (OC *ʔsewɢ, “sparrow”) and 鵲 (OC *sʰaɡ, “magpie”) (STEDT).
The "shrill" sense is likely a semantic extension of the "sparrow" sense, via "to chirp like a sparrow" > "to be shrill" (supported by MED), though this is disputed (based on STEDT not linking the entry "ca 'shrill ( obs. )'" to the root page).


စာ

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-dza-k (“to love”). Cognate with Tibetan [script needed] (mdza-ba, “idem”), Jingpho [script needed] (ndźaʔ, “to show love”) (STEDT), Old Chinese 慈 (OC *zɯ, “kind, benevolent”) (Hill, 2019).

cog

to sympathize with, be considerate to, have consideration for


မွှေး

Inherited from Old Burmese မွှုယ်း (mhuy), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-mu(j/r) (“smell; fragrant”). Cognate with Mizo hmúi (“savory-smelling”) (STEDT).


ကြည်

ကြဉ် ကြဉ်#Burmese

obsolete spelling of ကြဉ် (krany, “avoid”)


ယူ

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *yu (“to take”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dz(y)u-k (“to belong, trust, depend, accept, take”). Cognate with Old Chinese 屬 (OC *tjoɡ, *djoɡ, “attached to, jointed to”) (STEDT).


မှား

cog

Proto-Karen *g/k-hmaᴮ (“wrong, mistake, error”)

to err, make a mistake, do wrong, go wrong


ဆိုင်

to have the right to something, belong to


ရာ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/k-ra (“place”); cognate with Old Chinese 所 (OC *sqʰraʔ, “place”) (STEDT).

to be suitable, proper; to deserve; to be worthy of


ချင်

ဘယ်သူနဲ့ ပြောချင်ပါသလဲ။

want to, desire, wish to do or have something


ရှိ

Inherited from Old Burmese ဟြိ (hri), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sri (“to exist”). Cognate with Tibetan སྲིད་པ (srid pa) and Old Chinese 體 (OC *r̥ʰiːʔ, “body, limbs; state, form”) (STEDT).

och-l

ဦးဘမြ မရှိပါဘူး။


ဖူး

to behold (someone) with awe and veneration


ဖူး

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔ-bu ~ *pu (“to be born; birth; bud; bloom”). Cognate with Jingpho pu (“to bloom, bud”), Old Chinese 阜 (OC *buʔ, “big mount; abundant”) (STEDT), as well as, per Luce, 苞 (OC *pruː, “bud; luxuriant”).


နိုင်

Possibly Sino–Tibetan (which STEDT tentatively reconstructs as *m-nyaŋ (“can, be able”)), despite the -uing final which is more characteristic of Mon loans: compare Tibetan ནུས (nus, “be able to; capable; to withstand; capacity; strength; force; power; function; energy”), Old Chinese 能 (OC *nɯː, *nɯːs, *nɯːŋ, *nɯːŋʔ, “can, capable of”), and see the Chinese for more.

och-l

to be liberally enriched or endowed with; to have an abundance of something

ဒီနေ့ ကျွန်တော် မလာနိုင်ပါဘူး။

particle suffixed to verbs to denote capability, probability or possibility: can, may, be able to, be likely to, etc.


ကျေးဇူးတင်

/t͡ɕézútɪ̀ɴ/

ကျေးဇူး (kye:ju:, “gratitude”) + တင် (tang, “to put”)


မုန်း

head

မုန်း • (mun:)

to hate (dislike intensely); to detest; to be weary of


ဖြစ်

Inherited from Old Burmese ဖ္လစ် (phlac), from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-prik (“to be, be able”). Cognate with Akha pyeu (“to be, exist”) (STEDT).

inh

ဖြစ်ထွန်း ဖြစ်ထွန်း#Burmese

(same as ဖြစ်ထွန်း (hprachtwan:)) to thrive, be of benefit, succeed

to get on with, be in love, have an affair


နေကောင်း

နေ ကောင်း (canonical)
nekaung: (romanization)

နေ (ne, “to stay, live”) + ကောင်း (kaung:, “good”).


ပြန်

Inherited from Old Burmese ပ္လန်, Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bran (“to convalesce, recover, return”). Cognate with Old Chinese 般 (OC *praːn, *paːn, *baːn, “to rotate, go back and forth”) (STEDT).


အောက်

my-verb

အောက် • (auk)

to decoy a wild elephant into a keddah by means of a trained female elephant


ကြည့်

der

Proto-Lolo-Burmese *s/g-(y/r)a (“to seek, search, look for”)

cog

Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ken (“to see, know”)

to take care of, look after, help, support


ကြည့်

မယုံရင် ငါ့အမေ့ကို မေးကြည့်။

If [you] don't believe [it], try asking my mother.

an auxiliary denoting trial or attempt to do something


ထား

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ta-t (“to put, to place”). Cognate with Tibetan སྟད (stad, “to put on, to lay on”), སྟ་གོན (sta gon, “preparation, arrangement”), Old Chinese 著 (OC *taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ, “to touch”) (STEDT).


ယောက်

head

ယောက် • (yauk)

ယောက်ရိုးတံ

handle of hand-reel holding bobbins used for laying the warp

ရက်ဖောက်ယောက်

to wind thread onto the bobbin; to quill

(obsolete) to throw a garment around the neck or shoulder


ရောင်း

to sell (agree to transfer goods or provide services)


ရောက်

ရောက် • (rauk)

ဘယ်တုန်းက ဒီမြို့ကို ရောက်သလဲ။


နောက်ကျ

နောက် (nauk, “after”) + ကျ (kya., “fall”)

af

to be late (not arriving until after an expected time)


အား

The "strength" sense is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-ra (“strength; to win; classifier for people”). Cognate with Old Chinese 力 (OC *rɯɡ, “strength”) (STEDT). Sagart relates the "free" sense to 暇 (OC *ɡraːs, “leisure”).

inh

to be free (not in use; without obligations)


ခေါ်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)aw (“to call”). Compare Kinnauri ku, Nùng go, Old Chinese 號 (OC *ɦlaːw, *ɦlaːws, “name; to shout, cry”) (STEDT). The extension of the meaning ‘shout, call’ to ‘ask, request’ is parallel to ခေါ် (hkau).

och-l

ဒီလမ်းနာမည် ဘယ်လိုခေါ်သလဲ။

to name, be called (have a specific name)

to call or beckon to someone; to fetch or send for someone


လို

Inherited from Old Burmese လိဝ် (liw) or Old Burmese လိုဝ် (luiw); though the word appears to be Sino-Tibetan, cognates outside of Lolo-Burmese are uncertain. STEDT refrains from assigning etymology (lo²² "want / need"), and Luce compares Old Chinese 要 (OC *qew, *qews, “to want, wish, ask”), based on an older reconstructed pronunciation *yog, though this is now outdated. A newer theory by Schuessler compares the Burmese to Old Chinese 欲 (OC *loɡ, “desire”).

to be short of a certain point of reference


ကြိုက်

my-verb

ကြိုက် • (kruik)

In traditional Burmese philology, ကြိုက် ,together with its variant ခြိုက်, was considered to be a phono-semantic allofam of Burmese ကြင် (krang), Burmese ခင် (hkang), and Burmese ချစ် (hkyac).

och-l

享 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, “to enjoy, receive; to offer to a superior”)

to coincide; (of events) to happen at the same time


လုပ်

my-verb

လုပ် • (lup)

Perhaps related to Old Chinese 徭 (OC *lew, “forced labor”).

to act as, to assume the character of, take the role of


ဖို့

Causative form of ပို့ (pui., “to be piled”).

to heap, pile on, build (a dyke, embankment, dam, etc.)


စာဖတ်

စာ (ca, “writing”) + ဖတ် (hpat, “to read”).


စာရေး

စာ (ca, “letter”) + ရေး (re:, “to write”).


နားထောင်

နား (na:, “ear”) + ထောင် (htaung, “to stand, set up”).


နားလည်

နား (na:, “ear”) + လည် (lany, “to rotate, be shrewd, well-versed in”).

compound

နားလည်ပါတယ်။

နားမလည်ပါဘူး။


ခွင့်လွှတ်

/kʰwɪ̰ɴl̥ʊʔ/

ခွင့် (hkwang., “permission”) + လွှတ် (hlwat, “release”)


တောင်းပန်

→ Jingpho: tawng ban

→ Shan: တွင်းပၢၼ်ႇ (táung pàan)

တောင်း (taung:, “to ask for”) + ပန် (pan, “to ask permission, request, beg”).

af

to request, implore, beseech to do something


အားနာ

my-verb

အားနာ • (a:na)

→ Jingpho: ăna

desc

→ Shan: ဢႃးၼႃႇ (ʼáa nàa)

→ Shan: ဢႃးၼႃႇ (ʼáa nàa)

အား (a:, “strength”) + နာ (na, “to hurt”), literally “to (have one's) strength hurt”.

af

to not want to disturb or inconvenience another person; to fear that someone would feel uneasy because of one's request or action

to be embarrassed by feelings of respect or delicacy; to be restrained by fear of offending


တိုး

och-l

推 (OC *tʰuːl, *tʰjul, “to push, promote”)


တိုး

to lower, decrease (the volume of sound, etc.)


စော

to be early (at a time in advance of the usual), be ahead of time, premature


ပျော်

my-verb

ပျော် • (pyau)

The "happy" sense is from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *p(r/y)aw (“delight, happy, enjoy”). Cognate with Tibetan སྤྲོ (spro, “to delight in, wish”) (STEDT: pyaw "happy").
The "dissolve" sense is grouped with the "happy" sense by MED, though it is unclear if they are truly related, and STEDT gives no etymology for the former (pjɔ²² "dissolve").

cog

to be happy, glad, merry, amused, pleased, etc.

အိပ်ပျော် အိပ်ပျော်#Burmese

(same as အိပ်ပျော် (ippyau)) to be asleep


ဝင်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *waŋ (“to come (out), enter”) (STEDT).

inh

to enter (go into (a room, etc.)), come in, go in

to be included, be listed in, be a member of

to reach a certain stage, get into a certain condition


လွတ်လပ်

Apparently from လွတ် (lwat, “be free from”) + လပ် (lap, “be missing”), though the second component has been suggested to be an assimilation of ရပ် (rap, “to stand”), which is semantically more convincing; compare Chinese 獨立／独立 (dúlì, “independence”), whose second character is cognate with ရပ် (rap).


လိုက်

my-verb

လိုက် • (luik)

to follow (go or come after in physical space), chase, hunt, go after

to indulge in some activity with abandon

to ensue from, happen as a result of some action

to act in accordance with, do something in proportion to


ခက်

The "difficult" sense is from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kak (“difficult; hardship”), and cognate with Tibetan ཁག་པོ (khag po, “difficult”).
The "offshoot from a branch" sense, reflected in အခက် (a.hkak, “idem”) and ခက်ရင်း (hkak-rang:, “fork”), is, despite MED's grouping, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ka(ː)k (“fork, branch, crotch”), and cognate with Mizo [Term?] (kaak, “fork of tree”) and Old Chinese 支 (OC *kje, “branch”); see the Chinese for more (STEDT).

inh

to make a network, weave, entwine, entangle and restrain


ဝှက်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-pʷak (“to hide”); cognate with Tibetan ཕག (phag, “hidden”) (STEDT). Note also similarities to Old Chinese 伏 (OC *bɯɡs, *bɯɡ, “to lie prostrate, lie hidden, conceal”).


ကာ

Cognate with Old Chinese 干 (OC *kaːn, “shield”).

to block (an opening), obstruct, bar (passage), hide, shield, screen


မေ့

Not given etymology by STEDT (me¹ "forget"). Luce tentatively compares Old Chinese 忘 (OC *maŋ, *maŋs, “to forget”). Note, however, much stronger phonetic match (and reasonable semantic match) with Old Chinese 迷 (OC *miː, “to get lost, be confused”), which is supported by Schuessler (2007).


မေး

to ask (request an answer); to question; to inquire, enquire


စပ်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rtsap (“Sichuan pepper”), more specifically an adjectival derivative *mV-rtsap "spicy". The fact that this Burmese word has non-Burmish cognates took until Jacques & D'Alpoim Guedes (2023) to discover; these cognates include Kurtöp ཆ་ཝ (chawa, “Sichuan pepper”) and Tangut 𘟌 (*tsar¹, “pepper”).
This word had long been neglected in the literature beforehand; it is not given an etymology by STEDT (cap "hot, pungent"), and it is also not mentioned by Luce 1981.


စပ်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsap (“to join, connect”). Cognate with Jingpho [script needed] (tśyap, “to be on friendly terms; to adhere (as soot to a roof)”), Old Chinese 接 (OC *ʔseb, “to connect, contact”) (STEDT).

cog

to negotiate (for sale of goods or a proposal for marriage)

စပ်ယှက် စပ်ယှက်#Burmese

(same as စပ်ယှက် (caphyak)) to have sexual relations


နာ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na (“sick; evil spirit”). Cognate with Mizo nâ, nat (“ill, sick; illness”), Tibetan ན (na, “ill, sick”), Nuosu ꆅ (na, “hurt, pain, sore; illness”), Lisu ꓠꓻ (nɑ, “sore, sick, ill”), and Chinese 難 /难 (nán, “bad, unpleasant”). Doublet of နတ် (nat, “nat spirit”).

cog

to be ill (in poor health, suffering from a disease)

to feel deeply hurt or bitter (from an insult suffered)


နာ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/g-na (“ear; to hear”) (STEDT). Doublet of နား (na:, “ear”).


ငို

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋəw (“to cry, weep”).


လက်ခံ

လက် (lak, “hand”) + ခံ (hkam, “to accept”).


ပီ

(of speech) to be distinct, clear, accurate, well-pronounced


ပြေး

Inherited from Old Burmese ပ္လိယ်း (pliy), from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *b-rəy² (“to run”), from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b-rəy (“to run”). Compare Lai tlìi-I (“to run, flee”) (STEDT), as well as perhaps Nuosu ꀥ (bot).


တိတ်

my-verb

တိတ် • (tit)

(of rain, wind, smoldering fire, or luck) to stop, cease, die, end

wind; smoldering fire; or luck; wind; smoldering fire; or luck


မှုန်

head

မှုန် • (hmun)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-mun (“dark, dull, sad”). Cognate with Tibetan རྨུན་པོ (rmun po, “dull, heavy, stupid”) and Chinese 悶 /闷 (mèn, “depressed, in low spirits”).


ခံ

to bear, endure, stand, suffer, tolerate

to obstruct, cushion, place something under, be in the way


သင်

to remove undesirable vegetate matter
to peel

to remove undesirable vegetate matter
to weed


လွယ်

to carry (things) slung over the shoulder

(figuratively) to bear (a responsibility, etc.)


ကော

to head towards extinction, become obsolescent, lie dormant


ပေါ်

my-verb

ပေါ် • (pau)

to be prominent (as in နှာတံ-); to be noticeable; to be visible; to show

to happen; to occur; to arise; to materialize Same as ဖြစ်ပေါ် v.

to become available in market; to come on the market


ဈေးချို

ဈေး (jhe:, “price”) + ချို (hkyui, “be a bargain”)


အပ်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tV-qəp (“needle”). Cognate with Drung wvp and Lolopo hhexr, as well as Old Chinese 針 (OC *kjum, *kjums, “needle”) (with the literature usually comparing the less-common variants 鍼 (OC *ɡam, *ɡram, *kjɯm) and 箴 (OC *kjɯm)) (STEDT).
MED groups the "put things together, proper" senses with the "needle" sense, though it is unclear whether they are etymologically related. Luce's comparison of the "proper" sense with Old Chinese 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to join, fit”) is phonetically unsound.

(of face, etc.) to place or put things close together

to place an order (with a tailor or shoemaker, etc.)


အောင်

head

အောင် • (aung)

→ Mon: အံၚ်

→ Shan: ဢွင်ႇ (ʼàung)

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔoŋ¹ (“win, complete”); forms outside Lolo-Burmese, like Jingpho [script needed] (ʔōŋ, “to conquer, overcome”), are probably borrowed from Burmese (STEDT). Note also similarities to Old Chinese 贏 (OC *leŋ, “to win”) (which is constructed with a uvular *ɢ by Baxter and Sagart; uvulars in Proto-Sino-Tibetan seem to be dropped in Burmese).

cog

to pass (go through any inspection or test successfully); to succeed


တိုက်

my-verb

တိုက် • (tuik)

to dash against; to bump against into; to crash; to collide

to brush; to polish; to shine; to scrub; to scour

to coincide; to synchronize; to check; to check against; to verify

to give offer or entertain (with liquid refreshments)

to cart or transport (things) in vehicles


တိုက်

တိုက် • (tuik)


ရုံး

→ Shan: လုမ်း (lúm)


လိုချင်

လို (lui, “to want”) + ချင် (hkyang, “to want”).


အလုပ်လုပ်

head

အလုပ်လုပ် • (a.luplup)

/ʔəloʊʔloʊʔ/

အ- (a.-) + reduplication of လုပ် (lup, “to do, make, work”)


သိပ်

my-verb

သိပ် • (sip)

→ Mon: သိက်


သဘောတူ

သဘော (sa.bhau:, “disposition”) + တူ (tu, “be the same”)

affix

သဘောမတူဘူး။


ဖမ်း

to catch (capture or snare; intercept an object in the air etc.)


ဆောက်

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔtsukᴴ, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsuk ~ tsik. Cognates include Tibetan རྩིག (rtsig, “wall”), as well as perhaps Old Chinese 築 (OC *tuɡ, “to build, pound earth”), 造 (OC *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ, “to create”) (STEDT).

to build, construct (form by combining materials or parts)


တော်

my-verb

တော် • (tau)

According to STEDT:
* The "related" sense is from a Proto-Tibeto-Burman *daw (“to be related”), with Jingpho dō (“related”) as the only adduced cognate.
* The "suitable" (as well as perhaps "clever") senses are from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *taːp ~ *m-daw (“capable, fit, beautiful”), and cognate with Jingpho htap (“beautiful, capable”).
The "rumbling noise", "stop", and "honorific" senses are not listed by STEDT, though the "honorific" sense could be an extension of the "suitable, clever" sense. Note similarities to Old Chinese 調 (OC *dɯːw, *dɯːws, *tɯw, “to adjust, train; matching; style”), though the vowels do not seem to match.

och-l

to be suitable, be sufficient, be meet, be proper; to fit; to suffice, be enough


ပိတ်

my-verb

ပိတ် • (pit)

→ Jingpho: pyik

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pi-t (“to close”). Cognate with Old Chinese 閉 (OC *piːds, *piːd, “idem”) (STEDT).


မောင်း

to drive (operate (a wheeled motorized vehicle))


နိုး

Inherited from Old Burmese နိဝ် (niw). By synchronic analysis, the simplex form of the causative နှိုး (hnui:, “to awaken someone”).


ခုန်

According to STEDT, from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *gan ~ *k(j)at (“to run, dance, kick”); cognate with Jingpho [script needed] (kə gàt, “to run”) (STEDT).

cog

to jump (up, over) (bend the leg and lift the body upwards)


ဖား

According to MED, an abbreviated form of ဖော်လံဖား (hpaulamhpa:), ultimately from Hokkien 扶𡳞脬.


ဒူးထောက်

ဒူး (du:, “knee”) + ထောက် (htauk, “to be in a certain position”)


သယ်

och-l

載 (OC *ʔslɯːʔ, *ʔslɯːs, *zlɯːs, “to carry, convey, load”)


ဆိတ်

to pinch (squeeze a small amount of skin)


သိုး

(figuratively) to fall into a deep slumber


ပတ်

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *bat (“to wind around”); cognate with Jingpho bàt (“idem”) (STEDT: pat "wind around, encircle").

inh

to circle, encircle, wind around, wrap around


ရိုး

Inherited from Old Burmese ရိုဝ်း (ruiw). The "bone" sense is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rus (“bone”). MED groups all other senses etymologically together with the "bone" sense, which seems to be tentatively supported by Luce 1981 but not by STEDT, which gives no etymology for the "simple" sense (rûi "plain, simple; artless; honest; old-fashioned"). The various senses may perhaps be linked with the following semantic shifts: "bone" > "handle" > "long stretch or row" > "lineage" > "tradition, custom" > "usual and customary" > "simple, honest".

inh+

to be plain, unadorned, outmoded, unsophisticated


ဝါး

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *g-wa-t (“to bite, chew”); cognate with Jingpho [script needed] (ka wa, “to bite”) (STEDT). Luce adduces Old Chinese 哺 (OC *baːs, “to feed (with food chewed in the mouth)”) as a cognate; note also vague similarities with 啀 (OC *ŋreː, “to gnaw”).


ထပ်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/l-t(y)ap (“to fold, repeat, layer, pile up”). Cognate with Old Chinese 疊 (OC *l'ɯːb, “to fold, double, accumulate”) (STEDT thap "place one on another, add to; repeat, do again").
The "again" sense is an adverbialization of the "stack" sense, and the "classifier" sense a semantic extension of the "stack" sense.

och-l

to stack; to pile; to place one upon another


ဖက်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pʷak (“half, one of a pair”); cognate with Jingpho [script needed] (bàʔ, “folded”) (STEDT). Luce compares Old Chinese 併 (OC *breːŋʔ, *breːŋs, *peŋʔ, *peŋs, *beːŋʔ, “side by side”) for the "one of a pair" sense.

och-l

to hug, embrace, put one's arms around someone


ပန်

to ask (for permission); to request; to beg


ပိ

to be pressed (down, under, etc.), to be flattened, to be crushed


နွံ

to sink, to become low (of a piece of ground or a post in the ground)


မံ

→ Shan: မၢမ်ႇ (màam)

to cover something with a pasty substance; to plaster.


ဖာ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/m-p(ʷ)a (“to patch; to mend; to sew”) (STEDT); compare Old Chinese 補 (OC *paːʔ, “to mend, make up for”) (Hill, 2019).

inh

စကားဖာ စကားဖာ#Burmese

(same as စကားဖာ (ca.ka:hpa)) to rectify slips in one's speech


ခူး

to pluck, pick, cull (flower, fruit, etc)


ခင်

to be friendly with, be loving, be fond of, have an attachment for (someone)

to be favorable, to ready (used in conjunction with မ (ma.))


မဲ့

to be lacking in; to be wanting in; to be free of; -less


ဆွတ်

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔcwat (“to pluck”); compare Lahu cɨ̂ʔ (“to pluck”), as well, as, outside of Lolo-Burmese, Old Chinese 撮 (OC *ʔsoːd, *sʰoːd, “to pinch, pick up with the fingers”) (STEDT), 絕 (OC *zod, “to cut off, sever”) (Hill, 2019).

och-l

to pick or pluck fruit, flower, or leaves


ညည်း

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nja(-s/n) (“to punish, oppress, coerce”). Compare Jingpho nyé (“to punish, cause woe”), Tibetan ཉེས་པ་ (nyes pa, “evil, crime”), Old Chinese 蹍 (“to trample”).


ငံ

cog

Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔoŋ¹ (“to win, conquer, be complete”)

(archaic) to be complete, be replete with


မှတ်မိ

မှတ် (hmat, “remember, keep in mind”) + မိ (mi., “catch”).


တက်

Inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-t(j)ak (“upper surface, top, above, palate; to climb, lift, ascend”), which is likely related to *s-tak (“head”) (whence Lepcha [script needed] (a-t'yak, “head”)) and *tVŋ (“upper part, top, summit; to rise, raise”) (whence Old Chinese 上 (OC *djaŋʔ, *djaŋs, “to ascend; above”)). More direct cognates from *l-t(j)ak include Old Chinese 陟 (OC *tɯɡ, “to ascend, promote”), 拓 (OC *tʰaːɡ, *tjaɡ, “to open up, develop”) (STEDT).


တော်ပြီ

တော် ပြီ (canonical)
tau-pri (romanization)


အစိုးရ

အ- (a.-, “nominal prefix”) + စိုး (cui:, “to rule”) + ရ (ra., “to possess”).


မီးခတ်

မီး (mi:, “fire”) + ခတ် (hkat, “to beat; to strike”).


သွေးပေါ်

head

သွေးပေါ် • (swe:pau)


ခြံ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kram (“fence, garden”). Cognate with Old Chinese 檻 (OC *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms, “fence, cage”) (STEDT).


ထွက်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sV-tok (“to come or go out; to emerge”).


ထွန်

Inherited from Old Burmese ထောန် (thon).


နှင်း

Not given etymology by STEDT (hnâŋ "give, deliver over"), while Luce gives Old Chinese 讓 (OC *njaŋs, “to concede, yield, permit”) as a cognate; this comparison is supported by Schuessler 2007 and Hill 2019.


ဝမ်းသာ

ဝမ်း (wam:, “belly, womb”) + သာ (sa, “clear, pleasant”), literally “pleasant belly”.


ကူး

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g(o/a)w (“to cross over”). Cognate with Jingpho [script needed] (gau, “idem”), as well as the Sinitic word family including Old Chinese 遘 (OC *koːs, *koːs, “to meet”) (STEDT).

inh

လမ်းကူး

ရေကူး

စာကူး

ဓာတ်ပုံကူး

to copy, transcribe a written script, make a copy of a photograph

ရောဂါကူး

မီးကူး

to spread, light a fire using a spill or taper

ဆောင်းကူး

မိုးကူး


လေ့လာ

လေ့ (le., “to practice”) + လာ (la, “to come, begin”).


သင်ကြား

သင် ကြား (canonical)
sangkra: (romanization)


သီး

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *səj (“fruit; rose; round object”). Cognate with Tibetan སེ (se). Luce compares Old Chinese 實 (OC *ɦliɡ, “fruit; substance”), though modern reconstructions of the Old pronunciation do not match very well.
The "choke" sense is grouped with the "fruit" sense by MED, though whether they are indeed related is unclear.

inh

(figuratively) to be flushed with; to raise a bump


ချစ်ခင်

/t͡ɕʰɪʔkʰɪ̀ɴ/

to be affectionate, to be fond of, to love


မြောက်

my-verb

မြောက် • (mrauk)

to reach the apex; attain the standard set


ကူညီ

ကူ (ku, “to help”) + ညီ (nyi, “to be even, in accordance with”).


ကူ

Likely inherited from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *N-gu (“to help”). Compare Old Chinese 救 (OC *kus, “to help, save”), 求 (OC *ɡu, “to seek, ask”) (STEDT).


စည်း

och-l

穧 (OC *ʔsleds, *ʔsliːls, *zliːls, “sheaf”)


လိပ်

my-verb

လိပ် • (lip)

och-l

衽 (OC *njɯms, “overlapping part of Chinese gown; skirts, flaps”)


ခွက်

Perhaps from a Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kwak (“bowl”), also reflected in Mon ခေါ် (“cup”), and Vietnamese cốc (“glass, tumbler”) (the latter borrowed from a Sino-Tibetan language).

to sag (at the middle of a surface, like a cup)


ထွန်း

→ Shan: ထုၼ်း (thún)

ထွန်းပြ ထွန်းပြ#Burmese

(same as ထွန်းပြ (htwan:pra.)) to denote


လေ့ကျင့်

လေ့ (le., “to practice, become accustomed to”) + ကျင့် (kyang., “to practice, train”).


စောင့်

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *dzawŋ (“to wait, watch for”). Cognate with Mizo tsoŋ (“id”) (STEDT). STEDT apparently considers the Tibeto-Burman root to be possibly related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-klawŋ (“to guard, tend cattle, graze, be at leisure”) (whence ကျောင်း (kyaung:, “to look after, tend”)).

cog

to keep guard; watch over; adhere to, observe


ဆန်း

ဆန်းပြား ဆန်းပြား#Burmese

(same as ဆန်းပြား (hcan:pra:)) to be extraordinary


ရဲ

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-(r/y/w)ay (“bold, heroic”). Cognate with Mizo [Term?] (huāi, “bold, daring”) (STEDT). Luce additionally adduces Old Chinese 烈 (OC *red, “ardent, fiery”) as a cognate. This is semantically appealing, though the final in the Old Chinese reconstruction does not seem to match.
The senses of "brave", "bright red", "rampant", and "police" are all grouped together by MED.


ရှောက်

my-verb

ရှောက် • (hrauk)


ဝမ်းနည်း

ဝမ်းနည်းပါတယ်။


ဘုန်းကြီး

Karmadhāraya compound of ဘုန်း (bhun:, “glory”) + ကြီး (kri:, “great”).

af

to be very powerful; to wield a lot of weight


စင်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)s(j)aŋ (“clear, pure, clean”). Cognate with Old Chinese 清 (OC *sʰleŋ, “clear, pure, clean”); see there for more (STEDT).


သလား

to go up and down; to promenade; to parade (to attract attention)


ပိုင်း

ခြံကိုပိုင်း၍ရောင်း

ဓားနှင့်ပိုင်း

တွေ့ကရာကညာကိုပိုင်း

အနိုင်နှင့်ပိုင်း


မာန်

my-verb

မာန် • (man)


ရုပ်

ရုပ် • (rup)


ဖဲ

Compare Old Chinese 跛 (OC *prals, *paːlʔ, “to walk lame”) (Hill, 2019).


ခု

och-l

靠 (OC *kʰuːɡs, “to lean on, recline; to depend on”)

to be supported by something (coming) from below, prop up

to be dissatisfied with (someone), be offended

to be filling (until it's not enough to change the rice)


စည်

to be alive with a teeming crowd; to be well-attended


ချက်

Inherited from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔglak (“to cause to boil”), from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-(k/g)lak (“to cook, boil; cooked”). Causative of ကျက် (kyak), and see there for more.

inh

ထမင်းချက်

to cook (rice), distill, refine, brew, process, make


ကွင်း

From Sino-Tibetan; compare Naxi kho²¹ (“fence (bamboo or twig)”) (STEDT). Note also strong phonetic similarities to Old Chinese 廣 (OC *kʷaːŋʔ, “wide, broad”).

to draw (metal) into a circle, loop, ring


တော်လှန်

my-verb

တော်လှန် • (tauhlan)


မြည်း

to nibble tidbits with plain tea or drinks


သိရှိ

သိ ရှိ (canonical)
si.hri. (romanization)

သိ (si., “to know”) + ရှိ (hri., “to have”).

af

to know (be acquainted or familiar with; have knowledge of), come to know


စက်

The "droplet" sense is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dz(y)ak (“to drip, drop”). Cognate with Tibetan ཐིགས (thigs, “to drip”); Luce also compares Old Chinese 滴 (OC *teːɡ, “to drip; drop”).
The "spread, touch in a chain" sense is grouped with the "drop" sense by MED (as a chain of drops spreads). However, STEDT apparently separates it out, assigning the "spread" sense to a Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-cak (“to push”) (Written Burmese: cak "transmit impetus; to propagate or be propagated"), whence Lahu [Term?] (tsa⁵, “to push”).

inh

to touch one after another in a chain; to spread


စက်

to counterbalance, counterpoise; to weigh against or compare with (something)


အသုံးပြု

အသုံး ပြု (canonical)
pru. (romanization)


လိုအပ်

my-verb

လိုအပ် • (luiap)

လို အပ် (canonical)
luiap (romanization)

လို (lui, “to want, need”) + အပ် (ap, “to place together”).


ခံစား

ခံ စား (canonical)
hkamca: (romanization)

ခံ (hkam, “to bear, suffer”) + စား (ca:, “to exceed, surpass”).


စုတ်

my-verb

စုတ် • (cut)

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *m-dzj(u/i)t (“to tear, rip”); cognate with Lahu [Term?] (jɨ̀ʔ, “to tear something”) (STEDT). Said root appears to be allofamically related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *9d)ziːt ~ *(t)siːt (“to split”), the latter whence Tibetan ཟེད (zed, “broken off, damaged, injured”) and Jingpho [script needed] (šìt, “to split lengthwise”). Note also similarities with these roots to Old Chinese 撕 (OC *seː, *se, “to tear, shred, rip”).


စုတ်

my-verb

စုတ် • (cut)


စုတ်

စုတ် • (cut)


ရွာ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k/r/s-wa (“rain”).


ပုံဆွဲ

ပုံ ဆွဲ (canonical)
pumhcwai: (romanization)

to draw; to sketch (a picture, plan, etc.)


မြုံ

to keep mum, hold one's tongue deliberately

(of diseases, sores, volcanos, etc.) to be dormant


သင်း

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b-s(u/a)ŋ (“to smell, scent; fragrant”). Cognate with Tibetan བསུང (bsung, “smell, sweet scent”) (STEDT); Luce's comparison with Old Chinese 香 (OC *qʰaŋ, “fragrance”) appears outdated.


ပိုက်

my-verb

ပိုက် • (puik)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bə(q) (“to carry (on back or shoulders)”). Cognate with Chinese 負 /负 (fù, “to bear”) and Chinese 背 (“back”).


ယို

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b-yəw-n/t (“to leak, drip; urine”); cognate with Mizo zun (“urine”) (STEDT).


ယောဇနာ

Borrowing from Pali yojanā (“exegesis, interpretation”), from Sanskrit योजना (yojanā, “application of the sense of a passage, grammatical construction”), from योजन (yójana, “act of joining”), from the root युज् (yuj), युग् (yug, “to join”) (compare युनक्ति (yunákti, “to join”)), from Proto-Indo-European *yewg- (“to join”).


တင်

desc

→ Mon: သ္တၚ်

→ Mon: သ္တၚ်

Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tVŋ (“top; to rise”). Luce gives Old Chinese 置 (OC *tɯɡs, “to place”) as a cognate, though this comparison seems outdated.

inh

to elevate (someone) to a higher position

to be deposited, be stranded, run aground

to submit (enter or put forward something for approval etc.), put up


ကြိမ်

my-verb

ကြိမ် • (krim)


ချေ

Causative of ကျေ (kye, “to be settled (of an obligation)”).

causative

to destroy or wipe out completely, annihilate, crush


ခြင်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-raŋ (“to measure”).


ကမ်း

The "pass, give" sense is separated from the "coast" sense of Etymology 1 by MED, though STEDT (source: Benedict 76 WBur, entry: kâm "give, transmit") apparently considers them related; how the two senses are connected, if they indeed are related and this was not a clerical error on STEDT's part, is unclear, but may be along the lines of "coast" > "boundary for trading ships" > "transmit (goods, etc.)".


ခေါင်းအုံး

ခေါင်း အုံး (canonical)
um: (romanization)


အုံး

my-verb

အုံး • (um:)

Usually connected to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mV-kum, but the loss of the initial velar is irregular.


အုံး

အုံး • (um:)


စောင်

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *dzawŋ (“to wait, watch for”); cognate with Mizo [Term?] (tsoŋ, “to wait for, watch for”) (STEDT).
The "blanket, rug" and "document classifier" senses are grouped together with the "keep in reserve, wait and watch with hostility" senses by MED, though this is probably incorrect. In either case, these senses are not given etymology by STEDT (coŋ "blanket", ə-coŋ "( num. aux. for writings and books )"), and not mentioned by Luce 1981.

cog

to watch each other in a hostile manner as a prelude to a fight


ခေါင်းဆောင်

From ခေါင်း (hkaung:, “head”) + ဆောင် (hcaung, “to bear, carry”).


လျှပ်

(of light, heat, etc.) to strike; come into contact


လှိုင်း

Uncertain, though given the -uing final, possibly a loan from Proto-Mon-Khmer *luŋh ~ *luuŋh ~ *ləŋh (“to hollow, excavate, bore”), whence Khmer លុង (lung, “to dig a hole”) and Vietnamese trũng (“concave”). See also Mizo lawng (“to take out the heart of a wild platain tree”) (Sidwell, 2006; Schuessler, 2007).
MED groups all senses of the word together etymologically, which is possible, though the semantic links are not particularly trivial.

cog

to abound, be plentiful, be in profusion


တည်

och-l

定 (OC *teːŋs, *deːŋs, “to settle, establish”)

to establish, grant (money to start an undertaking)

(of character) to be stable, be firm, be sedate, be grave

to place (cooking utensils etc. on a fire or stovetop for cooking)


ပြင်

Probably from a Proto-Lolo-Burmese *pra(w)ŋ ~ *prəwŋ (“to prepare, put in order, correct, change”) (STEDT root #5884; lexical entries such as "praŋ 'prepare, put in order, correct'" aren't linked to the root page for some reason), which appears to be an areal word; compare Old Chinese 備 (OC *brɯɡs, “to prepare”), and see there for more cognates.


တွက်

→ Jingpho: tak

→ Mon: တော်

→ Shan: ထွၵ်ႈ (thāuk)

Provisionally inherited from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *twak (“to calculate, count, tally”); cognate with Tedim Chin tuak (STEDT). Said root may be connected to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-twa (“handspan”), in which case see Old Chinese 度 (OC *daːɡs, *daːɡ, “degree, capacity”) for more.

och-l

to do or work out arithmetical sums; solve mathematical problem; calculate; compute

to refuse to do things because others would not


တွက်

to nudge; make a side thrust (with a knife)


ပညာပေး

ပညာ ပေး (canonical)
pa.nyape: (romanization)

ပညာ (pa.nya, “wisdom, knowledge”) + ပေး (pe:, “to give”).


ဖြေဖျောက်

ဖြေ ဖျောက် (canonical)
hprehpyauk (romanization)


ကော်

my-verb

ကော် • (kau)

(slang, figuratively) to make a lucky strike


ဘာသာပြန်

ဘာသာ ပြန် (canonical)
bhasa-pran (romanization)


မျှော်လင့်

မျှော် (hmyau, “to hope for”) + လင့် (lang., “to wait for”).


ထင်စား

ထင် စား (canonical)
htangca: (romanization)

to expect; to hope; to regard as probable; to think


မျှော်

my-verb

မျှော် • (hmyau)

According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mraŋ (“to see, look”), though the exact phonological development is unclear.

der

to hope for, long for, look at something with a longing


ကြော်ငြာ

ကြော် ငြာ (canonical)
krau-ngra (romanization)


အော်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔaːw (“to shout, cry out”). Cognate with Mizo au (“to shout”), Old Chinese 呼 (OC *qʰaː, “to exhale, shout”) (STEDT).


ဖုံး

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *pʷum (“egg; to sit on eggs, hatch; testicle”), of unclear relation, if even related, to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *pʷu (“egg, bird, round object”) and Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pu (“egg”) (the latter whence Old Chinese 孵 (OC *pʰuw, “to hatch”)). Cognate with Lahu [Term?] (phɛ⁵³, “to hatch”) (STEDT).


စိတ်ဆိုး

စိတ် ဆိုး (canonical)
cithcui: (romanization)


စားတော်ဆက်

စား (ca:, “to eat”) + တော် (tau, “great”) + ဆက် (hcak, “to join, connect”).


ချဉ်

Inherited from Old Burmese ချန် (khyan), from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *kyin¹ ~ *ʔgyin¹ (“sour”); compare Akha [script needed] (tjhɛ́, “sour”) (STEDT). The Lolo-Burmese is traditionally connected to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *suːr ~ *swaːr (“sour; be acid”) (whence Mizo thûr (“acid; sour”), Old Chinese 酸 (OC *sloːn, “sour”)), despite the Lolo-Burmese forms not matching.


ချောင်

to be loose; to be pulled down; be haggard

have an easy time; be in comfortable circumstances; get something for a bargain


ဟင်းချ့

/hɪ́ɴt͡ɕʰa̰̰/


ဟောက်

my-verb

ဟောက် • (hauk)


ခန်း

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kan (“to dry up”). Cognate with Old Chinese 乾 (OC *kaːn, *ɡran, “dry”) (STEDT).


ပွား

cog

Proto-Tibeto-Burman *pwa(ŋ/k) (“to open”)

to grow or increase in number or size; to spread out


စိုက်

my-verb

စိုက် • (cuik)

Despite the -uik final characteristic of Mon loanwords, probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dzyuk (“to pierce, plant, erect; thorn”); compare Old Chinese 鑿 (OC *ʔsoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ) (STEDT). Other comparisons with 栽 (OC *ʔslɯː, *zlɯːs, “to plant”), 植 (OC *dɯɡs, *djɯɡ), Mon စတ် do not appear as phonetically convincing.

inh

to make a temporary payment on behalf of someone


ကန်တော့

Inherited from Old Burmese ဂေါဓော (go: dho:). According to ʾU Phoh Lat, the word ultimately derived from Middle Chinese 叩頭 (MC khuwX duw). Compare Shan ၵၼ်ႇတေႃး (kàn táu) and Old Mon ကိန္ဒောအ် (kindo:ʔ).
The current spelling is due to the traditional folk etymology that the act of obeisance is meant to dispel bad karma or misfortunes.

cog

Shan ၵၼ်ႇတေႃး (kàn táu)

to pay obeisance with one's hands clasped palm to palm and raised to touch one's forehead; to perform a wai

to present a gift in respect and gratitude


ဆင်းရဲ

→ Shan: သၢင်းရႄး (sáang ráae)

According to MED, from an Old Burmese ဆိုဝ် (of apparently unclear origin) + Pali niraya (“hell (lit. "going down")”).


ဌေး

→ Shan: ထေး (thée)

Borrowed from Pali seṭṭhi (“millionaire”), from Sanskrit श्रेष्ठीन् (śreṣṭhīn).

der

Sanskrit श्रेष्ठीन् (śreṣṭhīn)


ခွာ

och-l

剮 (OC *kroːlʔ, “to cut flesh from bone”)

to peel, skin (a potato, orange, wallpaper, etc.)


ညစ်

→ Shan: ၺိတ်ႈ (nyīt)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nyak (“filth(y); excrement”); compare Old Chinese 涅 (OC *niːɡ, “black mud”) (STEDT).


ဆာ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsə (“hot; fever; hurt; ill; hungry”). Cognate with Mizo [Term?] (sá-I, “hot (as fire, water, etc.)”), Tibetan ཚ (tsha, “hot, intense”), Old Chinese 災 (OC *ʔslɯː, “disaster, calamity”) (STEDT under PTB *tsa-t ⪤ *dza-t).


လောင်း

ရေလောင်း

ဆွမ်းဆန်စိမ်းလောင်း

to put into the alms bowl, proffer (food or other offerings to a monk on his round of collecting offerings)

အားသစ်လောင်း

ပလတ်စတစ်ပုံလောင်း


ပြင်း

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brwaŋ (“loud; bright”) (STEDT). Cognate with Burmese ပြောင် (praung, “to shine”) and Old Chinese 明 (OC *mraŋ, “bright”), 炳 (OC *praŋʔ, “bright, luminous”).

inh

to be strong, be intense, be great (in degree)


ဖွား

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *pwa² (“to be born, give birth”) (phwâ "bear, bring forth"). Cognate with Nusu [script needed] (phuɔʴ⁵³, “to give birth”) (STEDT).


မွေး

Inherited from Old Burmese မုယ် (muy), from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *mun ~ *mul (“to give birth, conceive, create”); cognate with Kiranti *mun- (“to be created”) (STEDT). Note similarities to Old Chinese 育 (OC *luɡ, “to give birth to; to raise, educate”), particularly with the Baxter-Sagart reconstruction of the Old pronunciation.

och-l

to bring up or rear, nurture, culture, cultivate, foster


ရှာ

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *s/g-(y/r)a (“to seek, search, look for”), with no certain cognates outside of Lolo-Burmese (STEDT). Luce adduces Old Chinese 搜 (OC *sru, “to seek, look for”) as a cognate, which appears reasonable given the semantics and Old Chinese reconstruction.
Despite similar modern pronunciations, almost certainly unrelated to Korean 찾 (chat, “to find”).

inh

ငါ့ မျက်မှန်ကို ရှာပေး!


လေလည်

လေ လည် (canonical)
lelany (romanization)


လေစုန်

my-verb

လေစုန် • (lecun)

လေ စုန် (canonical)
lecun (romanization)


အီးပေါက်

အီးပေါက် • (i:pauk)

အီး ပေါက် (canonical)
pauk (romanization)


လေချဉ်တက်

လေ ချဉ် တက် (canonical)
lehkyanytak (romanization)

/lèd͡ʑɪ̀ɴtɛʔ/


စားချဉ့်ပြန်

စားချဉ့်ပြန်

စား ချဉ့် ပြန် (canonical)
hkyany.pran (romanization)

/sət͡ɕʰɪ̰ɴpjàɴ/


ကိန်း

ကိန်း • (kin:)

Borrowed from Sanskrit केन्द्र (kendra), from Ancient Greek κέντρον (kéntron).

(Buddhism) to enshrine (of a holy object)

(Buddhism, honorific) to live; to dwell (of a holy person)


ပြဋ္ဌာန်း

Borrowed from Sanskrit प्रस्थान (prasthāna).


ထောက်

cog

Tibetan དོགས (dogs, “to attach, subjoin”)

to be on one's hands, elbows, knees, etc.

take into consideration
take into consideration


ထောက်ခံ

ထောက် (htauk, “to prop up, support”) + ခံ (hkam, “to bear”).


ဖြားယောင်း

ဖြား ယောင်း (canonical)
yaung: (romanization)


သစ္စာဖောက်

သစ္စာ ဖောက် (canonical)
saccahpauk (romanization)

/θɪʔsàpʰaʊʔ/


ကြွေ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)rwil (“to fall (as leaves)”) (STEDT); cognate with Mizo [Term?] (ṭìl-I ṭìlh-II, “to fall off or drop”).


စုံစမ်း

စုံ စမ်း (canonical)
cumcam: (romanization)


ထွက်ပြေး

ထွက် ပြေး (canonical)
htwakpre: (romanization)

ထွက် (htwak, “to depart, leave”) + ပြေး (pre:, “to run”).


လိုက်ပြေး

my-verb

လိုက်ပြေး • (luikpre:)

လိုက် ပြေး (canonical)
luikpre: (romanization)


ပွဲ

(archaic, dialectal) to end; to cease; to come to an end; to close; to run out of


ရှူရှိုက်

ရှူရှိုက် • (hruhruik)

ရှူ ရှိုက် (canonical)
hruhruik (romanization)


ရှိုက်

ရှိုက် • (hruik)


ရောင်

Probably from a Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rwa(m/ŋ) (“to swell; swollen, fat”) (STEDT root #5951; lexical entries like "jɑ̃u²² 'swell (of tissue)'" aren't linked to the root page), with cognates in Qiangic/rGyalrongic, Kuki-Chin, Tangkhuli, Tamangic, and Kiranti. Whether the root is allofamically related to *s-bʷa(m/p) (“swell, fat, rounded part, mountain”) (whence Old Chinese 胖 (OC *pʰaːns, “fat, plump”)) or *ʔ-b(r)um (“fruit; smallpox”) (whence perhaps Proto-Tani *bum (“smallpox”)) is uncertain.


မွတ်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mwat ~ *ŋ(w)at (“hungry; thirsty”). Cognate with ငတ် (ngat, “to starve”), Old Chinese 餓 (OC *ŋaːls, “hungry”) (STEDT).


ခဲ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)aː(r/l) (“solid, congealed, frozen, viscous, strong”). Cognates include Tibetan [script needed] (gar-ba, “strong”), Old Chinese 健 (OC *ɡans, “strong, healthy”) (STEDT).


ခဲ

to bite, clamp between the teeth, clench (one's jaws)

to be bent on doing something, be determined to do something


လွန်

Tibetan ལོན་པ (lon pa, “to pass (of time)”)

နဲနဲ လွန်အားကြီးလွန်းတယ်

(of limits, restrictions, etc.) to go beyond, exceed, be intemperate, overshoot


မည်

Cognate with Garo বিমুং (bimuŋ, “name”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-miŋ (“name; to name”).


မဲပေး

မဲ (mai:, “vote, ballot”) + ပေး (pe:, “to give”).


မဲ

och-l

瞑 (OC *meːn, *meːns, *meːŋ, “to close one's eyes”)


မဲ

枚 (OC *mɯːl, “wooden peg; small flat object”)


အိမ်လည်

my-verb

အိမ်လည် • (imlany)


လည်

The "neck" sense is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m-liŋ (“neck”) (STEDT), and cognate with Old Chinese 領 (OC *reŋʔ).
The other senses are grouped by MED, and may be etymologically connected, though other theories separate them:
* The "rotate" sense is not given etymology by STEDT (lɑȵ² "rotate / spin"). Luce gives Old Chinese 輪 (OC *run, “wheel; turns, rounds”) as a cognate. While semantically solid, the phonetics deviate enough to make a formal relation to the Chinese difficult. There is also a chance, as mentioned above, that this is a derivative of the "neck" sense; for a semantic parallel in an unrelated language, compare Latin collum (“neck”).
* The "understand" sense is not given etymology by STEDT (nɑ⁵⁵ lɛ²² "understand / grasp"). Perhaps a back-formation of နားလည် (na:lany), with the original interpretation of လည် (lany) being in the sense of "rotate" > "made rounds" > "well-versed"? Okell's "Burmese (Myanmar): An Introduction to the Spoken Language, Book 1", page 198, #18 of the Common Phrases Supplement section explains it as such. Additionally bears resemblance to Old Chinese 諒 (*ɡ·raŋs, “to forgive; to believe; truth”).

cog

to revolve, to turn around, to rotate, to spin


အနားယူ

အနား (a.na:, “rest, recess”) + ယူ (yu, “to take”).


ကုန်

my-verb

ကုန် • (kun)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(m-)kul (“all”). The "come to an end, be used up" sense is considered separate from the "all" sense by STEDT, but equivalent by MED, perhaps via semantic extension from "all" > "all used".


ပြ

Inherited from Old Burmese ပ္လ. According to Luce, related to Tibetan པྲ (pra, “sign, token, prognostic”). Note also the resemblance to Old Chinese 表 (OC *prawʔ, “to show; surface, exterior”). Mon ပၠ.

och-l

to teach, direct, instruct, demonstrate, explain

ပြအိုး ပြအိုး#Burmese

turret of a palace wall (same as ပြအိုး (pra.ui:))


ခိုး

Inherited from Old Burmese ခိုဝ်း (khuiw), from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *kəw² (“to steal”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rkəw (“to steal”). Cognate with Nuosu ꈐ (ku), ꈏꐷ (kux njie, “to steal”), Lolopo ker (“to steal”), Naxi kv (“to steal”), Jingpho lägu (“to steal”), Drung keu (“to steal”), Yakkha खुमा (khuma, “to steal”), Tibetan རྐུ (rku, “to steal”), Old Chinese 寇 (OC *kʰoːs, “to rob”) (STEDT).

inh+

to carry (someone) off (to marry), abduct


ခိုး

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *kəw² (“smoke”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kuw (“idem”). Cognate with the second syllable of Jingpho [script needed] (wan-khut, “smoke”), Old Chinese 熏 (OC *qʰun, “to smoke, steam, ablaze”) (STEDT).

cog

(of smoke) to cause the eyes to smart and sting


ဗုန်း

my-verb

ဗုန်း • (bun:)


ကောက်

ကောက် • (kauk)

Related to Old Chinese 曲 (OC *kʰoɡ, “bent, crooked”) (Hill (2019)), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kəwk (“to bend”).


ကောက်

ကောက် • (kauk)

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-g-ruk (“to pick up”); cognate with Tibetan སྒྲུག (sgrug, “idem”) (STEDT).

inh

to pick up, bend down and pick up (something)

to take someone (who is below one's station) for a wife, raise someone to a higher social status


ဂေါ်

my-verb

ဂေါ် • (gau)


ကူးပြောင်း

ကူး (ku:, “to cross”) + ပြောင်း (praung:, “to change”)


လှုပ်ရှား

my-verb

လှုပ်ရှား • (hluphra:)

လှုပ် ရှား (canonical)
hluphra: (romanization)


လစ်

to be truant, skive off, play hooky, make off, scarper


ငတ်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mwat ~ *ŋ(w)at (“hungry; thirsty”). Cognate with မွတ် (mwat, “hungry”), Old Chinese 餓 (OC *ŋaːls, “hungry”) (STEDT).

to starve, be famished, be hungry or thirsty

to crave for, hunger for (a film, play, etc.)


ကွဲ

Base counterpart of ခွဲ (hkwai:, “to split; half”). STEDT gives no further etymology (kwɛ⁵⁵ "split up (bamboo pole)"), while Luce gives Old Chinese 夬 (OC *kʷraːds, “to split”) (which seems to be better reflected in modern Sino-Xenic via 決 (OC *kʷeːd, *qʰʷeːd, “to burst, break, determine”), which appears to be a derivative) as a cognate.


စု

聚 (OC *zloʔ, *zlos, “to gather, assemble, pile up”)


ဆန်

to go upstream, go against the current, go against the wind


ဆန်

to resemble, be like, be similar to (usually of ways and manners)


တရားစွဲ

တရား စွဲ (canonical)
cwai: (romanization)


စွန်

to have a sty (inflammation, pimple, wart, etc.) in one's eye


ဖန်တီး

ဖန် တီး (canonical)
hpanti: (romanization)


အိမ်ထောင်

my-verb

အိမ်ထောင် • (imhtaung)

Often jocularly considered a compound of အိမ် (im, “house”) + ထောင် (htaung, “prison”), literally “house prison”, although ထောင် (htaung) here may have been intended to invoke the "set up, erect" sense (both the "prison" and "set up" sense are considered etymologically linked by STEDT).


လက်ထပ်

→ Shan: လၢၵ်ႈထၢပ်ႈ (lāak thāap)

From လက် (lak, “hand”) + ထပ် (htap, “to stack”), i.e. “to join palms together”.


ပုန်ကန်

my-verb

ပုန်ကန် • (punkan)


ဆိုက်

to set towards, point in the direction of

to point towards, lead (one) to infer, denote


လိမ်း

လိမ်း • (lim:)

Traditionally derived from Pali limpati (“to smear, to anoint”). Also compare Old Chinese 淫 (OC *lɯm, “to soak, paint”) and 沉 (OC *l'um, “to sink”)?}}

ဆေးလိမ်း

သနပ်ခါးလိမ်း

လျှာလိမ်းနေတယ်။


တဲ

တည်း တည်း#Burmese

colloquial form of တည်း (tany:, “to put up at, lodge”)


သည်း

The "strong" sense is from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *zan¹ (“strong, firm”), from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b-tsan (“strong, firm, steadfast”). Cognate with Tibetan བཙན་པོ (btsan po, “violent, strong”) (STEDT).
The "nail" sense (which MED implicitly does not separate from the "strong" sense) is from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-(t)syen (“nail, claw”), and cognate with Tibetan སེན (sen, “nail”) (STEDT).

inh

to be violent, strong, severe, excessive


မြှောက်

my-verb

မြှောက် • (hmrauk)

တင်မြှောက် တင်မြှောက်#Burmese

(same as တင်မြှောက် (tanghmrauk)) to appoint or elect someone to a high office


ဝန်ခံ

ဝန် (wan, “burden”) + ခံ (hkam, “to accept, receive”).


အာမခံ

Pa'o Karen: အာႏမခံႏ

From Pali āma + ခံ (hkam, “to endure, resist, accept”).


လေချွန်

လေ ချွန် (canonical)
lehkywan (romanization)


ဝပ်

ncog

Tibetan ཆུམ (chum, “to shrink, crouch with fear”)


သီ

och-l

伎 (OC *kjes, *ɡe, *ɡreʔ, “singing performer”)

妓 (OC *kre, *ɡreʔ, “female singing girl”)


စမ်း

探 (OC *l̥ʰuːm, *l̥ʰuːms, “to grope for, search”)

參 (OC *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum, “to inspect, participate”)

to feel, grope about (with one's hands, feet, sticks, etc.)


ပြုတ်

my-verb

ပြုတ် • (prut)

och-l

拔 (OC *bruːd, *boːd, *bod, “to pull out”)

to be detached, dislocated or be dislocated, be unhinged


ပြုတ်

my-verb

ပြုတ် • (prut)

Inherited from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *prut (“to boil”). Compare Old Chinese 沸 (OC *pɯds, “to boil”) (STEDT).


ပြုတ်

my-verb

ပြုတ် • (prut)


မက်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(s/r)-ma(ŋ/k) (“dream”) (STEDT). The "covet, crave" sense is likely a semantic extension of the "dream" sense, via sense development "dream" > "long for" > "covet".

to be overly fond of, covet, crave, desire


မက်

to steer a boat towards the shore by means of a paddle


ပြောင်း

Likely cognate with Old Chinese 變 (OC *prons, “to change”); note particularly similarity with Korean 변 (byeon, “change”), the Korean borrowing of the Chinese term. Has also been compared with 亂 (OC *roːns, “disorder”) (Baxter, 1992), as well as with Tibetan སྤྲུལ་བ (sprul ba, “to transform”) (Shi, 2000).

cog

တချို့တွေက ဘယ်တော့မှ မပြောင်း


ဖော်

hpau (romanization)
ဘေါ် (alternative dated)

Causative form of ပေါ် (pau, “to float, appear”). Compare Shan ၽေႃႇ (phàu)


ရိတ်

my-verb

ရိတ် • (rit)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *riːt (“to reap, scrape, shave, cut, sever”); cognate with Mizo [Term?] (rîit, “to scratch, scrape with a hoe”), Old Chinese 利 (OC *rids, “sharp; profit, use”) (STEDT).

cog

to reap (cut (paddy, corn, etc.) with a sickle)


ရိတ်သိမ်း

my-verb

ရိတ်သိမ်း • (ritsim:)

ရိတ် (rit, “to reap”) + သိမ်း (sim:, “to gather in”)


တား

cog

Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-dar (“to bind, fasten, tether”)

och-l

堤 (OC *teː, *teːʔ, *dje, “dike, embankment”)

to forbid, stop, bar, check, prevent, prohibit


တား

Alternative form of သား (sa:, “to rule, draw, inscribe a line”)


ဆိုင်း

to wait, pause, keep pending, suspend, defer, postpone (work or business)

(of limbs) to be temporarily incapacitated


ရေချိုး

ရေ (re, “water”) + ချိုး (hkyui:, “to wash and cleanse oneself”).


ကုန်း

my-verb

ကုန်း • (kun:)

Provisionally, from a Proto-Sino-Tibetan *guːl (“to bulge, bend”). Cognate with Mizo kuːn (“to bend forward”) (STEDT).
The "back" sense may instead be from a Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-k(j)un (“back, kidney”), whence also Old Chinese 腎 (OC *ɡjinʔ, “kidney”), 夤 (OC *lin, “small of the back, region of the reins”) (STEDT).


ထက်

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *takᴴ (“sharp”), from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-tak (“sharp”). Cognate with Rawang taq and Naxi tal (STEDT). Luce additionally gives Old Chinese 畟 (OC *sklɯɡ, *skʰrɯɡ, “sharp, clear, distinct”) as a cognate.

(of wit or intellect) to be sharp or bright


ရှင်ပြု

ရှင် (hrang, “novice monk”) + ပြု (pru., “become”)

com

to novitiate Burmese boys (under the age of 20) into the Burmese monkhood


ဦးလေး

ဦး (u:, “sir; head”) + လေး (le:, “heavy; to attach importance to”).
The "be hesitant" sense is separated by MED, though also considered etymologically equivalent to the "uncle" sense ("heavy sir" vs "going heavy in the head = hesitant").


မိ

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *s/ʔ-mi¹ (“to catch, overtake”), though STEDT adduces no additional cognates (and Luce 1981 makes no mention of this word).

inh

to be effective or appropriate, agree with


အုန်း

my-verb

အုန်း • (un:)


ဆင်း

For the "stretch out" sense, STEDT derives the word from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔ-džan³ ~ ʔ-tšan³ (“to stretch out”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsjan ~ *dzjan (“idem”), and compares Old Chinese 伸 (OC *hlin, “to stretch, extend”) (though the Old Chinese reconstructions make this somewhat problematic).
The "descend" sense isn't given etymology by STEDT (châŋ "descend"), while Luce's comparison with Old Chinese 降 (OC *kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ, “to descend”) is phonetically unconvincing. MED, however, groups this sense with the "stretch out", which is semantically plausible, albeit non-trivial.

inh

to descend, alight from, disembark, stepdown, get off

to stretch out (one's feet) horizontally


မော

och-l

耗 (OC *hmaːws, “to reduce, cripple, use up”)


ကြော်

my-verb

ကြော် • (krau)

Apparently from a Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k/ʔ-r(ə/a)w (“to fry, roast, cook”) (STEDT #5862, though none of its reflexes have been hyperlinked to it within the STEDT database). Compare Old Chinese 烄 (OC *keːws, *kreːwʔ, “to burn (on a pyre)”), 燎 (OC *rew, *rewʔ, *rews, “to hunt at night with torches, burn, make burnt offering”). Despite superficial similarity, apparently unrelated to 炒 (OC *sʰroːʔ, “to stir-fry”).


ကြော်

my-verb

ကြော် • (krau)

Apparently from a Proto-Lolo-Burmese *graw¹ (“to shout, call out”), with the only deduced cognate being Lahu [Term?] (kù, “to call”) (STEDT).


တိုင်

တိုင်တည် တိုင်တည်#Burmese

to lead a recital of slogans or a cheer squad (also တိုင်တည် (tuingtany))


အစီရင်ခံ

/ʔəsìjɪ̀ɴkʰàɴ/

to subject to correction; to submit a report


သက်သာ

→ Shan: သၢၵ်ႈသႃႇ (sāak sàa)

→ Jingpho: sak sa


အားကိုး

my-verb

အားကိုး • (a:kui:)


သုပ်

သုပ် • (sup)


လိင်ဆက်ဆံ

/lèɪɴsʰɛʔsʰàɴ/


ဆက်

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔ-dzakᴸ (“to join”), from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-dza-k (“to join, connect, build”). Cognate with Lhao Vo xo', Manipuri [script needed] (sha, “to build”) (STEDT chak "join"). Despite semantic similarity and phonetic similarity in its descendant forms, Chinese 續／续 (xù, “continue, carry on”) appears to be unrelated.

cog

to communicate, contact, get in touch with

to offer respectfully, present, offer up (in sacrifice)


ဗိုက်ကြီး

my-verb

ဗိုက်ကြီး • (buikkri:)

ဗိုက် (buik, “stomach”) + ကြီး (kri:, “grow”)


ကိုယ်ဝန်ဆောင်

/kòjwʊ̀ɴsʰàʊɴ/


စေ့

och-l

齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls, “to order, arrange”)

to come up to a specified number or time

to put or keep any two things tightly close together with no space in between; close


အာလူးဖုတ်

my-verb

အာလူးဖုတ် • (alu:hput)

အာလူး (alu:, “potato”) + ဖုတ် (hput, “to bake”)


အာရိုက်

my-verb

အာရိုက် • (aruik)

အာ (a, “mouth”) + ရိုက် (ruik, “to hit”)


စောက်

my-noun

စောက် • (cauk)

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *tsyuk (“steep”). Cognate with Mizo tśhuk (“to descend; steep (downwards), down”) (STEDT); note also similarities with Old Chinese 峭 (OC *sʰews, “steep, precipitous, rugged”).


ဖင်လျက်

ဖင် လျက် (canonical)
hpanglyak (romanization)

ဖင် (hpang, “butt”) + လျက် (lyak, “to lick”)


ကျိန်း

my-verb

ကျိန်း • (kyin:)

→ Shan: ၵိင်း (kíng)

(Buddhism, honorific, of a monk) to sleep


ဆံတော်ချ

/sʰàɴtɔ̀t͡ɕʰa̰/


ဘုဉ်းပေး

(Buddhism, honorific, of a monk) to eat; to consume


ပင့်

och-l

捧 (OC *pʰoŋʔ, “to hold up in two hands, exalt”)

(Buddhism, honorific, of a monk) to invite respectfully


ဖိတ်

→ Mon: ဖိက်


ကြွ

(Buddhism, honorific, of a monk, royal) to come or go


ဆင့်

to put one on top of the other, pile up, stack up


လှောက်

my-verb

လှောက် • (hlauk)


မှု

(almost always used in the negative) to regard as important; to treat with attention, deference, respect, etc.


တရား

Inherited from Old Burmese တရျာ (trja:).

cog

Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tjak/ŋ ~ tik/ŋ (“good, very, real, straight”)


မင်္ဂလာဆောင်

/mɪ̀ɴɡəlàsʰàʊɴ/

မင်္ဂလာ (mangga.la, “prosperity”) + ဆောင် (hcaung, “to perform”).


ထိမ်းမြား

ထိမ်း (htim:, “to designate”) + မြား (mra:, “arrow”).


အိမ်ထောင်ပြု

/ʔèɪɴdàʊɴpjṵ/


စေ့စပ်

→ Shan: ၸေႉၸၢပ်ႈ (tsḛ̂e tsāap)

to formally propose marriage (to initiate an engagement)


ပြည်သူပိုင်သိမ်း

/pjìðùbàɪɴðéɪɴ/

ပြည်သူ (pranysu, “people”) + ပိုင်း (puing:, “own”) + သိမ်း (sim:, “seized”)


ဆိုင်းထိုး

ဆိုင်း (hcuing:, “sign”) + ထိုး (htui:, “to inscribe”)


တိုင်ပင်

တိုင် (tuing, “to inform”) + ပင် (pang, “to be weighed down”). However, Luce apparently takes the semantic identity of ပင် (pang) as separate from the "heavy" sense, and compares it with Old Chinese 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs) (represented in modern times by 並 (OC *beːŋʔ, “to be side by side”) or 併 (OC *breːŋʔ, *breːŋs, *peŋʔ, *peŋs, *beːŋʔ, “to combine”)).


ဒေဝါလီခံ

/dèwàlìkʰàɴ/

ဒေဝါလီ (dewali) + ခံ (hkam), the first element from Hindi दिवालिया (divāliyā).


ပူဇော်

my-verb

ပူဇော် • (pujau)

Inherited from Old Burmese ပူဇဝ်, borrowed from Pali pūjā via Mon ပူဇဴ.


အစ်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *qik (“to squeeze, strangle”).

inh

to milk, to draw out information by subtle means


သရုပ်ဆောင်

/θəjoʊʔsʰàʊɴ/

သရုပ် (sa.rup) + ဆောင် (hcaung), with the first element borrowed from Pali sarūpa.


ကပ်

→ Shan: ၵၢပ်ႈ (kāap)

Inherited from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *(g/k)(w)ap (“join, adhere”). Compare Old Chinese 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb, “to join”) and 盍 (OC *ɡaːb, “to unite”) (STEDT).

inh+

(Buddhism, honorific) to offer (reverently)


လမ်းပြ

လမ်း (lam:, “road”) + ပြ (pra., “to show”).


ဌာပနာ

→ Shan: ထႃႇပၼႃႇ (thàa pǎ nàa)


ထီးတင်

→ Shan: တၢင်ႇထီး (tàang thíi)

(Buddhism) to crown a pagoda with an ornamental umbrella


နှောက်

my-verb

နှောက် • (hnauk)

och-l

鬧 (OC *rnaːws, “to create a disturbance, be noisy”)

to cause water or liquid to turn turbid (by disturbing, agitating, stirring)


မိုးခေါ်

to call for rain, by holding tug of war contests and sounding of drums, etc in accordance with local customs.


ယုံ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *jum (“to believe”); cognate with Lahu yō(n) (“to believe”), as well as possibly Old Chinese 允 (OC *lunʔ, “to allow; fair”) (STEDT).


သရုပ်ဖော်

/θəjoʊʔpʰɔ̀/


ပြုပြင်

→ Mon: ပြု


ပြု

造 (OC *skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ, “to do, make, build”)

to do; to act; to commit; to pursue some course of action

to make, undertake, set about doing some task


သွင်း

Causative of ဝင် (wang), via the causative prefix *s-.

to put, set (someone in a certain position, habit, or state of mind, or something in a certain position), enter, admit


ရှက်

The following possibilities can be weighed: (Hill, 2019)
* From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *srək, cognate with Chinese 色 (OC s.rək (B-S), “colour”), Drung svraq (“shy”) and Gahri ʂak.
* From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *qrak (“blood, red”), cognate with Chinese 赤 (OC *[t-qʰ](r)Ak, “red”) and Tibetan ཁྲག (khrag, “blood”). Hill prefers this derivation.
However, Loloish cognates meaning "shy", with an initial sibilant, tip the scales in favour of a derivation from *srək.


လှုံ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lum (“to be warm”). Cognate with Lolopo lexl (“to dry in the sun”), Tedim Chin lum (“warm”), Drung leum (“warm, hot”), S'gaw Karen လၢၤ (luh̄, “warm”) and Naxi lvq (“warm”).
The "take shelter" sense is grouped with the "bask" sense by MED, and it seems feasible that the former is a semantic extension of the latter ("to bask" > "find a place to warm oneself" > "find shelter").

to bask, to warm oneself by the heat of fire or sun


အာဏာသိမ်း

my-verb

အာဏာသိမ်း • (anasim:)


တပ်

och-l

搭 (OC *tuːb, *tʰoːb, “to pile up, attach”)

တပ်စွန်း တပ်စွန်း#Burmese

(same as တပ်စွန်း (tapcwan:), of cloth) to be dyed or smeared with color


လင်း

Either Sino-Tibetan or a Mainland Southeast Asian (MSEA) Wanderwort; compare Old Chinese 陽 (OC *laŋ, “bright”) (Hill, 2019), Korean 양 (yang, “light”), Lepcha ᰣᰜᰨᰰ (a-lóṅ, “reflective light”), Thai ปลั่ง (bplàng, “bright; shiny”) (Schuessler, 2007).

to bright; to light; to explain; to elucidate


ဖွင့်

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *pwa(ŋ/k) (“to open”) (STEDT); cognate with Akha [script needed] (phaŋ, “idem”). Synchronically analyzable as the causative form of ပွင့် (pwang., “to bloom, open”).

inh

to explain (the meaning of something, etc.)


လိုး

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ləw² (“to copulate; penis”), from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ləw-k (“to copulate”). Cognate with Mizo [Term?] (lu, “to copulate”) (STEDT).

(taboo, vulgar, transitive) to fuck, copulate, pierce in coitus


လိမ်

my-verb

လိမ် • (lim)

Not given etymology by STEDT (lim "twist; be deceitful"), while Luce compares Old Chinese 緝 (OC *sʰib, “to sew, twist”), Tibetan སྒྲིམ (sgrim, “to twist together”); the Old Chinese reconstruction makes the Chinese comparison phonetically doubtful. Compare also Mon လီ (“to lie”); the Burmese may have been borrowed from the Mon, in this case.

cog

ပါးလိမ်

ငါ့ကိုမလိမ်နဲ့။


စီးနင်း

စီး (ci:, “to ride”) + နင်း (nang:, “to step (on)”)


ထိုးသတ်

ဓားဖြင့်ထိုးသတ်


လယ်ထွန်

လယ် ထွန် (canonical)
laihtwan (romanization)


သက်ဆိုင်

သက် ဆိုင် (canonical)
sakhcuing (romanization)

မသက်ဆိုင်သောအကြောင်းအရာ

ရန်ကုန် ရန်ကုန်#Burmese

to be relevant, to have relation, to pertain


ကြိုးစား

ကြိုး စား (canonical)
ca: (romanization)


ထော

(slang) to come into money, to possess great wealth (analogous to the English slang term to be loaded)


ခို

och-l

壕 (OC *ɡaːw, “trench, moat; air-raid shelter”)

to take refuge or shelter, seek protection

to give or put in less than the right amount


ပြောင်းလဲ

ပြောင်း (praung:, “to transfer”) + လဲ (lai:, “to change”)


ဆိုဆုံးမ

/sʰòsʰóʊɴma̰/


ဆိုမြည်

ဆို မြည် (canonical)
hcui-mrany (romanization)


နေထွက်

နေ ထွက် (canonical)
nehtwak (romanization)

နေ (ne, “sun”) + ထွက် (htwak, “to come out”). Chinese 日出 (rìchū, “sunrise”) is an exact cognate by components (though whether both terms were inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan or formed independently from their respective cognate roots is unknown).


နေဝင်

နေ ဝင် (canonical)
newang (romanization)


ဆံပင်ညှပ်

ဆံပင် ညှပ် (canonical)
hcampanghnyap (romanization)

/zəbɪ̀ɴɲ̊aʔ/


အရေးကြီး

အရေး (a.re:, “affair, matter”) + ကြီး (kri:, “big”).

af

to be serious, be of great urgency or importance


ဦးချ

to serve food to elders first as a gesture of respect


ဦးခိုက်

ဦး (u:, “first”) + ခိုက် (hkuik, “to touch”)


ထုတ်လုပ်

my-verb

ထုတ်လုပ် • (htutlup)


ဆန့်ကျင်

ဆန့် ကျင် (canonical)
hcan.kyang (romanization)

/sʰa̰ɴd͡ʑɪ̀ɴ/

to be contrary, to oppose, to be adverse


ဝိတ်ချ

/weɪʔt͡ɕʰa̰/

ဝိတ် (wit, “weight”) + ချ (hkya., “drop”)


ဝိတ်လျှော့

my-verb

ဝိတ်လျှော့ • (withlyau.)

ဝိတ် (wit, “weight”) + လျှော့ (hlyau., “lessen”)


ဖိ

Causative of ပိ (pi., “to be pressed down”).


ဟီ

(of horses) to neigh; to whinny; (of donkeys) to bray.


ယာ

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *wal ~ *m-jal (“to chew (cud, betel)”); cognate with Jingpho [script needed] (məyá, “to chew”) (STEDT).


နံ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mnam (“to smell”); compare အနံ့ (a.nam., “odor”), and see Old Chinese 聞 (OC *mɯn, *mɯns, “to smell; to listen”) for more (STEDT).


ရွှေ့

Causative form of ရွေ့ (rwe., “to move (intr.)”).


ထောက်ပံ့

ထောက် ပံ့ (canonical)
htaukpam. (romanization)


ပြွမ်း

(of many and varied things) to be all together