ကုလား

Borrowed from Pali kula (“clan; family; household”). Doublet of ကုလ (ku.la.).


မ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma (“female, mother, principal part, feminine suffix”). STEDT compares the Tibeto-Burman with the pictographic form of Old Chinese 毋 (OC *ma, “not”), as well as implicitly 母 (OC *mɯʔ, “mother”), the latter from the possibly-related Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mow (“woman”). Luce gives 拇 (OC *mɯʔ, “thumb, big toe”) (in addition to Tibetan མོ (mo, “female”)) as a particularly close cognate, which appears to stem from *ma and is supported by Schuessler 2007. For a semantic parallel with partial cognacy from this root and syllable, note လက်မ (lakma., “thumb”).


လေး

→ Shan: လေး (lée)

Inherited from Old Burmese လိယ်း (liy), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ləj-t ~ s-rəj-t (“heavy”). Cognate with Nuosu ꇖ (ly) (as in ꀉꇖ (ax ly, “heavy”)), Jingpho li (“heavy”), Drung vli (“heavy”), Tibetan ལྕི་བ (lci ba, “heavy”), ལྗིད་པ (ljid pa, “heaviness, weight”) and Naxi lee (STEDT).


ခြောက်

desc

→ Mon: ခြံက်

→ Mon: ခြံက်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-glak ~ m-glaŋ (“cold, freeze”). Cognate with Tibetan འཁྱག ('khyag, “cold”) and Chinese 晾 (liàng, “to dry”) (STEDT).


ချစ်

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kyit (“to burn, scorch”); cognate with Lahu [Term?] (chîʔ, “hot (enough to burn)”). The root bears strong resemblance to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-(t)sik (“to burn, itch; angry”), which may or may not be related. If related, see Old Chinese 疾 (OC *zid, “swift; illness”) for more (STEDT).


အင်္ဂလိပ်

→ Jingpho: Inglik

→ Jingpho: Inggălik

→ Jingpho: Ing-galik

desc

→ Mon: အင်္ဂလိက်

→ Mon: အင်္ဂလိက်

→ Shan: ဢဵင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ (ʼáeng kǎ lāet)

→ Shan: ဢဵင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ (ʼáeng kǎ lāet)

/ʔɪ́ɴɡəleɪʔ/

Semi-learned borrowing from English English. Doublet of အင်္ဂလိၑ်. Compare Thai อังกฤษ (ang-grìt).

doublet

Doublet of အင်္ဂလိၑ်

အင်္ဂလိပ်စာ

အင်္ဂလိပ်စကား ပြောတတ်လား။

အင်္ဂလိပ်ဘာသာ

အင်္ဂလိပ်စကား

my:အင်္ဂလိပ်ဘာသာစကား


ဝ

cog

Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bu(r) (“fat, fatty meat”)

fat (carrying a larger than normal amount of fat on one's body), obese, plump

full (satisfied, in relation to eating), satiated


အ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mV-ʔaʔ (“dumb, mute”); cognate with Jingpho ma-a (“mute”) and Old Chinese 啞 (OC *qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ, “mute”).


နောက်

my-adj

နောက် • (nauk)

(of liquid, etc.) muddy (turbid), cloudy, not clear


နောက်

နောက် • (nauk)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nu(ŋ/k) (“back, behind, after”). Cognate with Mizo hnung (“back, rear”) (STEDT).

inh

(colloquial) next (day, year, etc.), future


နီး

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nəj(ʔ) (“to be near, close”). Cognate with Tibetan ཉེ་བ (nye ba, “near”) and Old Chinese 邇 (OC *njelʔ, “near”).


မင်း

(honorific) honorific term suffixed to nouns meaning "honourable", "distinguished", "good", etc.


ကြီး

Inherited from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b-gryas (“old”). Compare Old Chinese 耆 (OC *ɡri, “old”) (STEDT).

inh+

big; large; great (in magnitude); high (in degree)


ရှည်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ (“long”). Cognate with Tibetan རིང (ring, “long, distant”) (STEDT); Luce gives Old Chinese 莘 (OC *sriŋ, “long, numerous”) as a cognate; this appears phonetically and semantically sound, and Hill (2019) also accepts this comparison.


ကျယ်

From Old Burmese က္လယ် (klay), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g(r/l)aːj (“to scatter, sow, dispersedly widely; wide; star”) (STEDT). Cognate with Old Chinese 侈 (OC *l̥ʰjalʔ, “extravagant”); see there for more cognates.


ကျယ်ဝန်း

ကျယ် (kyai, “wide”) + ဝန်း (wan:, “surrounding”)


ပျစ်

cog

Tibetan རྦད་རྦོད (rbad rbod, “thick, dense”)


ထူထဲ

thick (relatively great in extent from one surface to another)


သေး

Inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *z(y)əy (“little, small, tiny”); compare Old Chinese 細 (OC *snɯːls, “small, minute”) (STEDT).


နုပ်

my-adj

နုပ် • (nup)

ncog

Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nup ~ nip (“to sink, enter”)


နည်း

cog

Tibetan ཉུང (nyung, “a little, a few, some”)


တို

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *dəw¹ (“short”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dəw (“short”). Cognate with Mizo [Term?] (tawi, “idem”) and perhaps Old Chinese 短 (OC *toːnʔ, “idem”); see the Chinese for more (STEDT).

short (in length, duration, time, stature, temper, etc.)


ကျဉ်း

kyany: (romanization)
ကျည်း (alternative)


ကျဉ်းကျပ်

/t͡ɕɪ́ɴt͡ɕaʔ/

ကျဉ်း (kyany:, “narrow”) + ကျပ် (kyap, “tight”)


ပါး

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ba² (“thin”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ba (“thin, flat”). Cognate with Nuosu ꁧ (bbo), Jingpho pha (“thin”), Drung ba (“thin”) (> svba (“to make thin”)), S'gaw Karen ဘူ (boo, “thin”), Old Chinese 薄 (OC *baːɡ, “thin, flimsy”) (STEDT).
The "send" sense is equated with the "thin" sense by MED, though STEDT apparently separates the two and gives no etymology for "send" (pâ "send ( by hand or person )").

thin (having little thickness; very narrow; slender; flimsy)


တော

och-l

簇 (OC *sʰoːɡ, “to cluster (of foliage, etc.)”)


တုတ်

my-adj

တုတ် • (tut)

och-l

敦 (OC *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns, “thick”)


ပန်း

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *baːr (“to bloom; flower”), which is perhaps an areal word (compare Proto-Hmong-Mien *bi̯aŋ (“flower”)). Cognate with Tibetan [script needed] (ḥbar-ba, “to blossom”), Old Chinese 葩 (OC *pʰraː, “flower”), 疤 (OC *praː, “scar”) (STEDT). The "red, pink" sense is derived from how the color of many flowers is pink.

cog

my:ပန်း (သံတူကြောင်းကွဲ)


ချို

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kyəw (“sweet”). Cognate with Nuosu ꐔ (qy, “sweet”), Lolopo ci (“sweet”), Rawang kí and Naxi qiq (“sweet”).


ဆိုး

och-l

莠 (OC *luʔ, “green foxtail; (figuratively) bad”)

嗽 (OC *sloːɡs, *sroːɡ, *sloːɡ, “to cough”)

bad, wicked, naughty, mischievous, serious, critical, evil, foul


အေး

凜 (OC *b·rɯmʔ, *ɡrɯm, “freezing cold, solemn”)


အက်

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ak (“to crack open, mouth, chin”); cognate with Lepcha [script needed] (ók, “to open (as door, mouth)”) (STEDT).


ပြား

Related to Old Chinese 板 (OC *praːnʔ, “plank, board”) (and thus also 版 (OC *praːnʔ, “plank, printing block”)) (Hill 2019, p. 224).


သေ

Inherited from Old Burmese သိယ် (siy), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sij (“to die”). Compare Chinese 死 (sǐ), Dzongkha ཤི (shi).
The "stable" and "wine" senses are grouped with the "die" sense by MED, perhaps as "dying" is a form of "stability (no action)"; for a semantic parallel, compare English die down.


ရက်

(usually in reduplicated form) quick, swift, violent, decisive, bold (of action)


သင်္ဘော

sangbhau: (romanization)
သင်းဘော (alternative)

Possibly an Indo-Aryan loanword; compare Sanskrit पोत (pota, “ship”) and सपोत (sapota, “having a ship”). This same word is likely also reflected in Thai สำเภา (sǎm-pao), Lao ສຳເພົາ (sam phao) or ສະເພົາ (sa phao), Khmer សំពៅ (sɑmpɨw),
The "papaya" sense is perhaps because a cut papaya resembles a boat, and the "foreign" sense from foreign traders arriving by boat.


ဖုန်

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 粉 (MC pjunX, “powder, flour”). Cognate with Thai ฝุ่น (fùn), Lao ຝຸ່ນ (fun), Tai Dam ꪄꪴ꪿ꪙ, Shan ၽုၼ်ႇ (phùn).
The adjectival senses are grouped with the "dust" sense by MED, though it is unclear whether they are indeed etymologically related. Neither STEDT nor Luce 1981 appear to mention them.

light in texture (as in a pastry, roasted dried fish, etc.)


တိမ်

my-adj

တိမ် • (tim)

Cognate with Nuosu ꀁꄸ (ix ddi, “shallow”) and Lolopo ddei.


မီး

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *s/ʔ-mej² (“fire”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *məj (“fire”). Cognate with Tibetan མེ (me).


ပြာ

cog

Western Kayah [script needed] (phe¹¹, “ashes, fireplace”)


စိမ်း

my-adj

စိမ်း • (cim:)

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *džim² (“raw”), from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *dz(y)im (“raw, green, unripe”) (STEDT). Cognate with Lolopo zzeir (“raw, uncooked”). Luce's comparison to Old Chinese 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “blue-green, young”), though semantically appealing, appears to be outdated phonetically.
MED considers the "abandon" sense related, perhaps via semantic shift "raw" > "unfamiliar (not yet processed)" > "to leave unfamiliar" > "to abandon".


နီ

Inherited from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔ-ni¹ (“red”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ni (“red”). Cognate with Nuosu ꅪ (hni) and Lolopo ni; outside of Lolo-Burmese, compare Old Chinese 怩 (OC *nil, “ashamed”), 恥 (OC *n̥ʰɯʔ, “shame, disgrace”) (STEDT).


ဝါ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/s-wa (“white; yellow; bright”), which is part of a complex word family with many allofams. More distant cognates from the allofam *hwaŋ (“shine, bright, yellow”) include ဝင်း (wang:, “bright”) and Old Chinese 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “yellow”) (STEDT).


ဖြူ

Inherited from Old Burmese ဖ္လူ (phlu), from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *plu¹ (“white, silver, money”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *plu (“idem”). Cognate with Jingpho [script needed] (hpraw, “white”) (STEDT).


ပူ

och-l

暴 (OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ, “to expose to the sun”)


နွေး

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nway (“warm, hot”), an allofam of *C-n(w)an ~ *C-n(w)at (“to burn, light (a fire); hot”). Cognates include Old Chinese 熱 (OC *ŋjed, “id”) (STEDT).


နက်

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *s-nakᴴ (“black”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nək (“black”). Cognate with Nuosu ꆈ (nuo, “black”), Lolopo neix (“black”), Naxi naq, and Tibetan ནག་པོ (nag po, “black”).


နက်

Same as the "black" sense of Etymology 1 (STEDT), though MED separates this sense into a separate entry.


ပြည့်

Attributive form of ပြည် (prany, “country”).


သစ်

Perhaps from the same root as the "tree" sense in Etymology 2; compare Middle Chinese 新 (MC sin, “new”). Cognate to Mandarin 新 (xīn, “new”) and Cantonese 新 (san1, “new”).


ဟောင်း

old (of an object, concept, etc.: having existed for a relatively long period of time)


အို

Of uncertain origin. Has been taken as inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ga (“old”), whence Old Chinese 故 (OC *kaːs, “old things; former; dead”) and Tibetan རྒ (rga, “to be old; aged”) ; however, the phonetics are dubious, and STEDT does not link the Burmese to the Sino-Tibetan root (ui "old (of persons)"). Luce gives Old Chinese 嫗 (OC *qos, “old woman; to warm-nurse”) as a cognate, though the Chinese is thought to be related to ဥ (u., “egg”) instead.

och-l

old (of a living being: having lived for relatively many years), aged, infirm


ပုပ်

my-adj

ပုပ် • (pup)

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-bup (“to rot; spotted > to write”); compare Akha bòq (“to write”) (STEDT). Despite similar semantics and superficially-similar phonetics in the modern form, apparently unrelated to Chinese 腐 (OC *boʔ, “to rot”).


ဖြောင့်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(p/b)ljaŋ (“straight; to straighten”), and cognate with Old Chinese 挺 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ, “to stick out, straighten up; straight, stiff; quite”); see there for more (STEDT).


ဝိုင်း

According to STEDT, from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *hwaŋ (“to encircle; circular, fence”), whence also ဝင်း (wang:, “enclosure”). The -uing final suggests a Mon loan, however, perhaps from a form related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *wa(a)ŋ (“enclosure”), which may imply an areal word.


လုံး

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-lu(ŋ/m) (“heart; round”). Cognate with Drung tvleum (“round”), Jingpho lum (“round”) and Tibetan ཟླུམ (zlum, “round; spherical”).


ချော

och-l

滑 (OC *ɡruːd, *kuːd, *ɡuːd, “to slide; smooth”)


ဝေးကွာ

From ဝေး (we:, “far”) + ကွာ (kwa, “distant”).


ကြံ့

The "rhinoceros" sense is not given etymology by STEDT (kraṁʼ "rhinoceros"), and not mentioned by Luce 1981. MED considers it equivalent with the "sturdy" sense, which is derived from STEDT by Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/b-raŋ (“strong, firm, tense, hard”), and compared with Old Chinese 強 (OC *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ, “strong”).


မာ

hard, firm, stiff (resistant to pressure)


ကြမ်း

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gram (“rough”). Cognate with Jingpho gren (“raw-boned, razor-backed”) (STEDT).


မြင့်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-raŋ (“high; long”). Cognate with Nuosu ꀊꂥ (a hmu, “tall, high”), Lolopo mu (“high, tall”) and Drung mrvng (“long, tall”), Mongsen Ao tə́-hláŋ, Old Chinese 陵 (OC *rɯŋ, “mound, hill”) (STEDT).


ဆူ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsow-s (“fat, omentum”). Cognate with Old Chinese 臇 (OC *ʔsol, *ʔsonʔ, “fatty; meaningful”); see there for more (STEDT).


ဝေး

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *wəy² (“far”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-wəy-n (“idem”). Cognate with Lahu [Term?] (vɤ³, “idem”), Old Chinese 遠 (OC *ɢʷanʔ, *ɢʷans, “idem”) (STEDT).


ပို

副 (OC *pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ, “duplicate, auxiliary”)

ဒီလက အရင်လထက် ပိုပူတယ်။

extra, additional, superfluous, redundant


ပေါ့

mild, not strong or intense, less in intensity

wanting in saltiness or sweetness, light or mild in taste, weak in flavor


ထူ

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *tu¹ (“thick; blunt”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t/d)ow-n (“thick”) (STEDT). Cognate with Nuosu ꄖ (du, “dense; thick”), Lolopo tu (“thick”), Jingpho dau.


ရွှေ

Inherited from Old Burmese ရှုယ်. Provisionally said to be inherited from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-rwəj (STEDT). Cognates include Akha [script needed] (sjhý, “yellow, gold”).


စစ်

Per Hill (2019) (p. 27), from an earlier proto-Burmish [Term?] (“*dzik”), and cognate with Old Chinese 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ, “to fight, dispute”) and the first syllable of Tibetan ཟིང་ཆ (zing cha, “quarrel, dispute”).


စစ်

och-l

篩 (OC *sreːl, *srel, *sri, “sieve; to strain”)


မွှေး

Inherited from Old Burmese မွှုယ်း (mhuy), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-mu(j/r) (“smell; fragrant”). Cognate with Mizo hmúi (“savory-smelling”) (STEDT).


မှား

cog

Proto-Karen *g/k-hmaᴮ (“wrong, mistake, error”)


မြန်

och-l

敏 (OC *mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ, “quick, agile, clever”)


သောင်း

(in compounds) profuse, varied, indiscriminate, haphazard


ပြန်

ပြန့်ပြန့်ရန့်ရန့် ပြန့်ပြန့်ရန့်ရန့်#Burmese

used in ပြန့်ပြန့်ရန့်ရန့် (pran.pran.ran.ran., “flat and even; not crumpled, unwrinkled”)


ရှေ့

Inherited from Old Burmese ရှိယ့် (hriy), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rəy (“front”). Cognate with Northern Pumi [script needed] (rə³⁵ be⁵³, “front”) (STEDT: hre¹ "front").


အလျင်

a.lyang (romanization)
အရင် (alternative)

Equated with the "velocity, quick" sense in Etymology 1 by MED. Luce, on the other hand, separates it from the "quick" sense and compares it with Old Chinese 前 (OC *zleːn, “before, front”), albeit with an incorrect transcription as "alhyaṅ" (with an "h").


လောက်

my-verb

လောက် • (lauk)

Inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *luk (“enough, satiated”). Cognate with Old Chinese 裕 (OC *loɡs, “abundant”) (STEDT).


တိုး

soft, faint, slight, gentle (of sound, noise, voice, etc.)


စော

Inherited from Old Burmese စဝ် (saw), itself probably borrowed from Shan ၸဝ်ႈ (tsāo).


ခက်

The "difficult" sense is from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kak (“difficult; hardship”), and cognate with Tibetan ཁག་པོ (khag po, “difficult”).
The "offshoot from a branch" sense, reflected in အခက် (a.hkak, “idem”) and ခက်ရင်း (hkak-rang:, “fork”), is, despite MED's grouping, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ka(ː)k (“fork, branch, crotch”), and cognate with Mizo [Term?] (kaak, “fork of tree”) and Old Chinese 支 (OC *kje, “branch”); see the Chinese for more (STEDT).

inh

(of problems, questions, etc.) not easy, difficult, tough, stiff, hard, taut


လှ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-hla (“soul, demon, god; beautiful”) (STEDT).

pretty (pleasant, attractive), good-looking, comely, presentable


လတ်

(of size, age, class, etc.) middle; medium


စပ်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rtsap (“Sichuan pepper”), more specifically an adjectival derivative *mV-rtsap "spicy". The fact that this Burmese word has non-Burmish cognates took until Jacques & D'Alpoim Guedes (2023) to discover; these cognates include Kurtöp ཆ་ཝ (chawa, “Sichuan pepper”) and Tangut 𘟌 (*tsar¹, “pepper”).
This word had long been neglected in the literature beforehand; it is not given an etymology by STEDT (cap "hot, pungent"), and it is also not mentioned by Luce 1981.

der

(of taste) hot, stinging, spicy, piquant


ညို

→ Shan: ၺူဝ်ႇ (nyò)

cog

Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-ŋow (“white, green, yellow, blue”)


ခါး

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kaʔ (“bitter”). Cognate with Tibetan ཁ་བ (kha ba), Nuosu ꈌ (ke), Lisu ꓘꓪꓽ (kʰwɑ̀), S'gaw Karen ခၣ် (khà), and Chinese 苦 (kǔ), all ‘bitter’.


ငယ်

Inherited from Old Burmese ငဲ, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-ŋa-j (“small; inferior; offspring”). Compare Old Chinese 兒 (OC *ŋeː, *ŋje, “child; diminutive suffix”) (STEDT).
MED appears to consider the "mouse deer" sense etymologically equivalent to the "small" sense, due to the chevrotain's small size.


လွယ်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *loj (“easy”). Compare Old Chinese 易 (OC *leːɡs, *leɡ, “easy”) (STEDT).


အားနည်း

အား (a:, “strength, force”) + နည်း (nany:, “small, little”)


ရိုး

Inherited from Old Burmese ရိုဝ်း (ruiw). The "bone" sense is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rus (“bone”). MED groups all other senses etymologically together with the "bone" sense, which seems to be tentatively supported by Luce 1981 but not by STEDT, which gives no etymology for the "simple" sense (rûi "plain, simple; artless; honest; old-fashioned"). The various senses may perhaps be linked with the following semantic shifts: "bone" > "handle" > "long stretch or row" > "lineage" > "tradition, custom" > "usual and customary" > "simple, honest".


ဒု

ဒုတိယ ဒုတိယ#Burmese

Abbreviation of ဒုတိယ (du.ti.ya.). (second)


ရူး

According to Hill (2019), related to Tibetan འཁྲུལ ('khrul, “frenzy, deception”).


မြ

Possibly from Sanskrit मरकत (marakata, “emerald”) or Pali marakata (“emerald”). Compare Tibetan མར་གད (mar gad, “emerald”).


မြ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(m/b)rak (“to cut; to tear; to maul; to lacerate”). Related to မြက် (mrak, “to be sharp-edged; keen-edged”).


ငံ

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


ပြင်ပြင်

/pjɪ̀ɴbjɪ̀ɴ/


ရိုးရိုး

Reduplication of ရိုး (rui:, “honest; simple”).


ခေတ္တ

Borrowed from Pali khetta. Doublet of ခေတ် (hket).


အပြာ

အ- (a.-, “nominal prefix”) + ပြာ (pra, “blue”).
The "pornographic" sense is a semantic loan from English blue.


မည်း

According to Luce, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-maŋ ~ s-mak (“black, dark; ink; deep”).


ပျော့

pyau. (romanization)
ပြော့ (alternative obsolete)

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *pryaw-k (“soft, boiled”); cognate with Jingpho [script needed] (pyo, “boiled and thus soft, tender”) (STEDT).


ဈေးကြီး

From ဈေး (jhe:, “price”) + ကြီး (kri:, “big, great”).


ချိုချဉ်

/t͡ɕʰòt͡ɕʰɪ̀ɴ/

ချို (hkyui, “sweet”) + ချဉ် (hkyany, “sour”)


ရဲ

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-(r/y/w)ay (“bold, heroic”). Cognate with Mizo [Term?] (huāi, “bold, daring”) (STEDT). Luce additionally adduces Old Chinese 烈 (OC *red, “ardent, fiery”) as a cognate. This is semantically appealing, though the final in the Old Chinese reconstruction does not seem to match.
The senses of "brave", "bright red", "rampant", and "police" are all grouped together by MED.


အိုး

my-adj

အိုး • (ui:)

According to Schuessler 2007, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔəw-ŋ (“pot; vat; jar”) (reconstructed provisionally by STEDT, though STEDT does not link the Burmese to this root (ui: "pot")), and cognate with Old Chinese 甌 (OC *qoː, “bowl”); this is supported by Luce.
It is unclear whether the "conspicuously quirky" sense is related to the "pot" sense, though MED groups them together.

inh

(figuratively) (of a person) conspicuous for some quaint trait in said person's character


တောင်း

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(j)u(ŋ/n) (“short”). Cognate with Tibetan ཐུང (thung, “short”), as well as possibly Old Chinese 短 (OC *toːnʔ, “short”) (STEDT).


စုတ်

my-adj

စုတ် • (cut)

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *m-dzj(u/i)t (“to tear, rip”); cognate with Lahu [Term?] (jɨ̀ʔ, “to tear something”) (STEDT). Said root appears to be allofamically related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *9d)ziːt ~ *(t)siːt (“to split”), the latter whence Tibetan ཟེད (zed, “broken off, damaged, injured”) and Jingpho [script needed] (šìt, “to split lengthwise”). Note also similarities with these roots to Old Chinese 撕 (OC *seː, *se, “to tear, shred, rip”).


သင်း

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b-s(u/a)ŋ (“to smell, scent; fragrant”). Cognate with Tibetan བསུང (bsung, “smell, sweet scent”) (STEDT); Luce's comparison with Old Chinese 香 (OC *qʰaŋ, “fragrance”) appears outdated.


ဆိုဗီယက်

ဆိုဗီယက်ယူနီယံနိုင်ငံ


မိုက်

my-adj

မိုက် • (muik)

Probably inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”) or from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-maŋ ~ s-mak (“dark,black”) (though the -uik final makes the analysis less clear).


ပညာပေး

ပညာ ပေး (canonical)
pa.nyape: (romanization)

ပညာ (pa.nya, “wisdom, knowledge”) + ပေး (pe:, “to give”).


အကျည်းတန်

အကျည်း တန် (canonical)
tan (romanization)


ချဉ်

Inherited from Old Burmese ချန် (khyan), from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *kyin¹ ~ *ʔgyin¹ (“sour”); compare Akha [script needed] (tjhɛ́, “sour”) (STEDT). The Lolo-Burmese is traditionally connected to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *suːr ~ *swaːr (“sour; be acid”) (whence Mizo thûr (“acid; sour”), Old Chinese 酸 (OC *sloːn, “sour”)), despite the Lolo-Burmese forms not matching.


ဟောက်

my-adj

ဟောက် • (hauk)


ဟိန္ဒူ

ဟိန္ဒူ • (hindu)

ဟိန္ဒူဘာသာ


ပါတိတ်

ပါတိတ် • (patit)


လှေး

Cognate with Lizu ɬe³³ and S'gaw Karen ကျံ (klee).


ပထမ

pa.hta.ma. (romanization)
ပဌမ (alternative)

Borrowed from Pali paṭhama, with the spelling partially influenced by Sanskrit प्रथम (prathama). Doublet of ပဌမ (pa.hta.ma.).


ပြင်း

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brwaŋ (“loud; bright”) (STEDT). Cognate with Burmese ပြောင် (praung, “to shine”) and Old Chinese 明 (OC *mraŋ, “bright”), 炳 (OC *praŋʔ, “bright, luminous”).


ရှိုက်

my-adj

ရှိုက် • (hruik)


ကျဲ

having spaces between component units, having wide gaps between


ရှည်မျော

ရှည် မျော (canonical)
hranymyau: (romanization)


ချွန်ထက်

/t͡ɕʰʊ̀ɴtʰɛʔ/


နိုင်ငံခြား

/nàɪɴŋàɴd͡ʑá/

/nàɪɴɡàɴd͡ʑá/

နိုင်ငံ (nuingngam, “country”) + ခြား (hkra:, “separated”).


ပုဂ္ဂလိက

/poʊʔɡəlḭɡa̰/


ကောက်

my-adj

ကောက် • (kauk)

Related to Old Chinese 曲 (OC *kʰoɡ, “bent, crooked”) (Hill (2019)), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kəwk (“to bend”).


လိမ္မော်

လိမ္မော် • (limmau)


စိုထိုင်း

စို ထိုင်း (canonical)
cuihtuing: (romanization)


အထက်

အ- (a.-, “nominal prefix”) + ထက် (htak, “to be in a relatively higher position”).

af

upper; upcountry (synonym of အညာ (a.nya))


ခြားနား

ခြား (hkra:, “to differ”) + နား (na:, “to stop, remain”)


မြေအောက်

my-adj

မြေအောက် • (mreauk)

မြေအောက်မီးရထား


ဝင်း

Inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hwaŋ (“shine; bright; yellow”). Cognate with 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “yellow”); more distant cognates include ဝါ (wa, “yellow”) (STEDT).


နိုင်ငံတကာ

/nàɪɴŋàɴ dəɡà/

/nàɪɴɡàɴ dəɡà/


ပကတိ

From Pali pakati. Cognate with Thai ปกติ (bpà-gà-dtì).


ကုန်း

my-adj

ကုန်း • (kun:)

Provisionally, from a Proto-Sino-Tibetan *guːl (“to bulge, bend”). Cognate with Mizo kuːn (“to bend forward”) (STEDT).
The "back" sense may instead be from a Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-k(j)un (“back, kidney”), whence also Old Chinese 腎 (OC *ɡjinʔ, “kidney”), 夤 (OC *lin, “small of the back, region of the reins”) (STEDT).


ပဌမ

Borrowed from Pali paṭhama. Doublet of ပထမ (pa.hta.ma.).

Alternative spelling of ပထမ (pa.hta.ma.)


သူရ

Borrowed from Pali sura (“deity”) or Pali sūra (“sun”).


သွပ်

(usually in compounds) lightheaded, daft


ဒေသန္တရ

/dèθàɴtəja̰/

Borrowed from Pali desa (“land”) + Pali antara (“difference”).


နဝမ

Borrowed from Pali navama or Sanskrit नवम (navama).


မွန်

cog

Tibetan སྨོན (smon, “to wish, admire, pray”)


ဂိတ်ဆုံး

ဂိတ် (git, “stop”) + ဆုံး (hcum:, “final”), the second element from English gate in a sense that developed within Burmese.


ပြည်သူပိုင်

ပြည်သူ (pranysu, “people”) + ပိုင်း (puing:, “own”)


ရှယ်

Clipping of စပယ်ရှယ် (ca.paihrai), from English special.


ဧကာဒသမ

/ʔèkàda̰θəma̰/


တခြား

တစ် (tac, “one”) + အခြား (a.hkra:, “other”).


စုန်း

my-adj

စုန်း • (cun:)

Traditionally thought to be derived from Pali juṇha (“bright”).


လင်း

Either Sino-Tibetan or a Mainland Southeast Asian (MSEA) Wanderwort; compare Old Chinese 陽 (OC *laŋ, “bright”) (Hill, 2019), Korean 양 (yang, “light”), Lepcha ᰣᰜᰨᰰ (a-lóṅ, “reflective light”), Thai ปลั่ง (bplàng, “bright; shiny”) (Schuessler, 2007).


အမြဲတမ်း

အမြဲ (a.mrai:, “always”) + တမ်း (tam:, “continuation suffix”).

af

အမြဲတမ်းရာထူး

permanent office or appointment, position


တောက်ပ

တောက် (tauk, “bright, shining”) + ပ (pa., “to radiate, shine”).

bright, brilliant, shining, vivid, luminous, lustrous


ရာဇဝတ်

Borrowed from Pali rāja (“king”) + Pali vattha (“duty”).


အပတ်စဉ်

/ʔa̰paʔzɪ̀ɴ/


နှစ်ချုပ်

/n̥ɪʔd͡ʑoʊʔ/


အခွင့်ထူးခံ

/ʔəkʰwɪ̰ɴtʰúɡàɴ/

အခွင့် (a.hkwang., “rights”) + ထူး (htu:, “special”) + ခံ (hkam)


အရေးကြီး

အရေး (a.re:, “affair, matter”) + ကြီး (kri:, “big”).

urgent, important, serious, pressing, critical


ဘဒ္ဒန္တ

(Buddhism, honorific) Venerable, a form of address for Buddhist monks, often prefixed to a Buddhist monk's monastic name (cf. "his venerable")


ခပ်သိမ်း

ခပ် သိမ်း (canonical)
hkapsim: (romanization)


မှည့်

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sV-min (“to be ripe”).


အဖုံဖုံ

/ʔəpʰòʊɴbòʊɴ/


သူရဲဘောကြောင်

/θəjɛ́bɔ́d͡ʑàʊɴ/

သူရဲ (surai:, “warrior”) + ဘော (bhau:) + ကြောင် (kraung)


သူရဲဘောနည်း

/θəjɛ́bɔ́ní/

သူရဲ (surai:, “warrior”) + ဘော (bhau:) + နည်း (nany:)


အီလက်ထရွန်နစ်

/ʔìlɛʔtʰəɹʊ̀ɴnɪʔ/


နိပ်

my-adj

နိပ် • (nip)


ကျင်

The "excrement" (and perhaps "decayed") senses are from Burmese *r/s-kja(k/ŋ) (“shit, excrement”). Compare Tibetan སྐྱག་པ་ (skyag pa, “feces”), as well as possibly Old Chinese 去 (OC *kʰaʔ, *kʰas, “to leave, get rid of”).
The "feel pain" sense, despite MED, may not be related to the above senses.


ပြောင်

Cognate with Burmese ပြင်း (prang:) (STEDT).


ပြောက်ကျား

my-adj

ပြောက်ကျား • (praukkya:)


အရပ်

အ- (a.-, “nominal prefix”) + ရပ် (rap, “to stand”).


ရန်ကင်း

ရန် (ran, “enemy, harm”) + ကင်း (kang:, “-less, without”)


သန့်ရှင်း

သန့် (san., “clean, pure”) + ရှင်း (hrang:, “to clear, tidy up, solve”).


တက်တက်မ

(slang, regional, Myingyan) very big, so big


သွတ်

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *swat (“to stick into”), with cognates outside of Lolo-Burmese either undiscovered or lacking; cognate with Danu သွတ် (STEDT).
The "quick" sense is grouped with the "insert" sense by MED, though it is unclear if they are etymologically connected; Luce 1981 mentions neither sense, and STEDT does not mention the "quick" sense.


စိပ်

my-adj

စိပ် • (cip)

och-l

緝 (OC *sʰib, “to seize; to weave (close threads)”)

擠 (OC *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls, “to crowd, squeeze”)


ယုတ်

my-adj

ယုတ် • (yut)


သာ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-sal (“clear, bright, pleasant”). Cognate with Tibetan སལ་བ། (sal ba, “clear, distinct, bright”), Old Chinese 粲 (OC *sʰaːns, “bright, splendid”), 燦 (OC *sʰaːns, “bright, lustrous”) (STEDT).

cog

clear, pleasant (of voice, tone, sound, etc.)


တန်း

Etymology disputed; candidate roots include Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(r)waŋ (“straight; straighten”), Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tjak/ŋ ~ tik/ŋ (“good; very; real; straight”), and Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-(t/d)jam (“to fill, flat”). Compare also with Old Chinese 正 (OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs, “upright”).
The "form, class, grade" sense is considered equivalent with the "straight" sense by MED, and neither STEDT nor Luce 1981 mention this sense. That said, note similarities to 段 (OC *doːns, “section; grade, level”) for the "class, grade" sense.


ရင့်

Connected to Tibetan མཁྲང (mkhrang, “to be hard, solid”) and Chinese 梗 (gěng) by Hill (2019). See Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rkaŋ for more cognates.

cog

(of fruit, tree, age, experience) mature

tree; age; experience; tree; age; experience


မိကောင်းဖခင်

/mḭɡáʊɴpʰa̰kʰɪ̀ɴ/

မိ (mi., “mother”) + ကောင်း (kaung:, “good”) + ဖ (hpa., “father”) + ခင် (hkang, “friendly”)

com

of respectable parentage, coming from a good family


အဝစား

အဝ (a.wa., “full”) + စား (ca:, “to eat”)


အော်တိုမက်တစ်

my-adj

အော်တိုမက်တစ် • (autuimaktac)

/ʔɔ̀tòmɛʔtɪʔ/


ဂိလာန

Learned borrowing from Pali gilāna. Cognate with Khmer គិលាន (kiliən).


အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာ

/ʔəpjìpjìsʰàɪɴjà/

အ- (a.-) + ပြည် (prany) + ပြည် (prany) + ဆိုင်ရာ (hcuing-ra), the former is a reduplication of ပြည် (prany).


ပြည်သူ့

ပြည် သူ့ (canonical)
pranysu. (romanization)

ပြည် (prany, “nation”) + သူ (su, “people”). Induced creaky tone form of ပြည်သူ (pranysu).


နှဲ

The "knead" sense is from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m/s-naːy (“to twist, knead, soften”), while the "sticky" sense is from the related Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s/ʔ-n(w)ay (“cohesive, sticky, elastic”). Compare Jingpho mə nai (“to twist”), Akha nɛ̀ (“tough, chewy”) (STEDT). Note also vague similarities to Old Chinese 粘 (OC *nem, “sticky”).


လိမ္မာ

my-adj

လိမ္မာ • (limma)


ပိမ့်

ပိမ့် • (pim.)


ဝိုးဝင်း

ဓားသွားပြိုးပြောင်၊ လှံထောင်ဝိုးဝင်း၊

ဝိုးဝင်းလျှံထိန်၊ စိန်လည်းတဆစ်၊ မြတရစ်ဖြင့်


ပျားရည်ဆမ်း

ပျားရည် (pya:rany, “honey”) + ဆမ်း (hcam:, “pour”)


ပေါက်

my-adj

ပေါက် • (pauk)

och-l

剽 (OC *pʰews, *bew, “to attack, pierce”)

cog

Tibetan བྱུང (byung, “to appear, emerge”)

Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “young (of animals)”)

och-l

扑 (OC *pʰoːɡ, “to beat, strike against”)


ဖယ်ဒရယ်

ဖက်ဒရယ် ဖက်ဒရယ်#Burmese

Alternative form of ဖက်ဒရယ် (hpakda.rai)


ကွေး

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *koj (“to bend”). See ကွေ့ (kwe., “to turn, veer”) for more (STEDT).


ရွက်ကြမ်းရေကျို

/jwɛʔt͡ɕáɴjèd͡ʑò/

ရွက်ကြမ်း (rwakkram:, “tea leaves”) + ရေ (re, “water”) + ကျို (kyui, “to steep, brew”)

com

mediocre, passable (typically describes a plain Jane, a person with an ordinary appearance)


သယောင်း

Derived from Burmese သရော (sa.rau:, “drought”).


ခွင်

bandy (of legs); crooked (of arms}; bent {of wheels)


ခုံး

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ku(ː)m (“arched, vaulted, concave, convex”). Compare Mizo kum (“concave”) (STEDT).


ရေပေါ်ဆီ

ရေ (re, “water”) + ပေါ် (pau, “to be above”) + ဆီ (hci, “oil”)


ဗဟုဝုစ်

Borrowed from Pali bahuvacana or Pali bahu + Pali vacana. Compare Khmer ពហុវចនៈ (pĕəʼhuʼ vaccaʼnaʼ).


ဧကဝုစ်

Borrowed from Pali ekavacana or Pali eka + Pali vacana. Compare Khmer ឯកវចនៈ (ʼaek vaccaʼnaʼ).


ကျော်

my-adj

ကျော် • (kyau)


လွတ်

Inherited from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *k-lwat (“to set free”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“to free, release, slip, dislocate”). Cognates include Tibetan ལྷུང་ (lhung, “to loosen, relax”), Old Chinese 脫 (OC *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd, “to peel off, take off clothes, escape”); see the Chinese for more discussion (STEDT). See also ကျွတ် (kywat, “to be free from”).


ဝန်း

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-gaw (“head”), with a noun-forming suffix *-n (Schuessler, 2003; STEDT), or from a Proto-Sino-Tibetan *wal (“round, circular”) (STEDT). In the either case, compare perhaps Old Chinese 圓 (OC *ɢon), 元 (OC *ŋon).
A later theory by Hill (2019) compares Old Chinese 亘 (OC *[ɢ]ʷˤar (B-S), “to revolve around”) instead.

och-l

in the shape of a circle, circular, round


ရှင်း

澄 (OC *dɯːŋs, *dɯŋ, *rdɯŋ, “clear, limpid; to precipitate, settle”)


သက်သတ်လွတ်

သက် (sak, “life”) + သတ် (sat, “to kill”) + လွတ် (lwat, “to be free of, exempt from; to escape”), thus "that which is free of killing life".


ဖားဖား

Compare Old Chinese 溥 (OC *pʰaːʔ, *paːɡ, “big, broad, great”).


ရမ်း

濫 (OC *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ, “overflowing, indiscriminate”)


ကြုံ

cog

Tibetan ཁྲུམ་ (khrum, “poured to bits in mortar”)


မြတ်

→ Shan: မျၢတ်ႈ (mjāat)

Cognate with Tibetan རྨད་པ་ (rmad pa, “excellent, wonderful”) (Hill (2019), p. 259). Luce additionally compares Old Chinese 賴 (OC *raːds, “to gain, profit, rely on”).


သေချာ

သေ (se, “to die, be stable”) + ချာ (hkya, “to spin; center”).


လျင်

och-l

踉 (OC *raːŋ, *raŋ, *raŋs, “quick-footed, vivacious”)


သာမန်

Borrowed from Pali sāmañña (“generality, equality”), itself a derivative of samāna (“similar, equal”), from Sanskrit समान (samāna, “same, identical”).


သန်

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *zan¹ (“strong, firm”), from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b-tsan (“strong, firm, steadfast”); cognate with the first syllable of Tibetan བཙན་པོ་ (btsan po, “violent, strong”) (STEDT).


တောက်

my-adj

တောက် • (tauk)

der

Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/r-tuk (“to cut, knock, pound”)


တောက်

my-adj

တောက် • (tauk)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *duk (“to burn, kindle”). Cognate with Tibetan དུགས (dugs, “heat, warmth”), Old Chinese 燭 (OC *tjoɡ, “candle; to shine”) (STEDT).


မော်

my-verb

မော် • (mau)


ကိုယ်ပိုင်

my-adj

ကိုယ်ပိုင် • (kuiypuing)

ကိုယ် (kuiy, “body, self”) + ပိုင် (puing, “to own”).


စက်မှု

စက် (cak, “machine”) + -မှု (-hmu., “relation suffix”).

af

စက်မှုလုပ်ငန်း


အထူး

အ- (a.-, “nominal prefix”) + ထူး (htu:, “special”).


စည်သွတ်

စည် (cany, “cask, keg”) + သွတ် (swat, “to insert”).


အေးချမ်း

အေး (e:, “calm, cool”) + ချမ်း (hkyam:, “cold”).


သောင်

လူသောင်ကလေး


အကြို

အ- (a.-, “nominal prefix”) + ကြို (krui, “to meet someone on arrival”).


တွဲ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *n(d)oj (“to hang from, cling to; creeper”); cognate with Jingpho [script needed] (nói, “to suspend, hang”), Old Chinese 垂 (OC *djol, “to suspend, hang”) (STEDT, Hill 2019). See also တွယ် (twai, “to stick to, cling”), ဆွဲ (hcwai:, “to hang, drag, pull”), နွယ် (nwai, “creeper, vine”).


ခေါင်

The "roof (ridge)" sense is cognate with Tibetan ཁང (khang, “house, building”) (Hill, 2019).
It is unclear whether the other senses are connected to the "roof" sense, though MED groups them together, perhaps via semantic development "roof" > "far edge" > "far away, scarce, best".


ရိုင်း

raw, uncut, unpolished, virgin (of soil)


ရှော်

my-adj

ရှော် • (hrau)


ရှုပ်

ရှုပ် • (hrup)


ရွတ်

The "tough" sense is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rwat (“stiff, tough”), and cognate with Tibetan རོད་པ (rod pa, “stiff, unable to help one's self”) (STEDT). STEDT additionally appears to compare Old Chinese 類 (OC *ruːls, *ruds, “kind, type”), though the Chinese appears to trace back to a different root.
The "cussed" and "twilled fabric" senses are connected to the "tough" sense by MED, which appears reasonable (tough personality > cussed, tough weave > twilled fabric).


မောက်

my-adj

မောက် • (mauk)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-mawk (“cockscomb, crest”). Compare the third syllable of Pa'o Karen [script needed] (chjà tə mɔ́k, “comb of chicken”) (STEDT).


ပျို

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *prjaw-k (“soft; boiled”). Compare Jingpho pyo (“boiled and soft; tender”) (STEDT).


ခံ့

ncog

Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rkaŋ (“hard, strong”)


ပိန်ကပ်

my-adj

ပိန်ကပ် • (pinkap)

ပိန် (pin, “thin, lean”) + ကပ် (kap, “to come near, stick”), describing one who is so lean that their skin appears to stick directly to their bones.


ပိန်

my-adj

ပိန် • (pin)


ချိုင့်

STEDT considers the "concave" sense to be from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (“river; valley”), and the "cage" sense to be from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kruːŋ (“cage”), whence also Garo griŋ (“cage”), Old Chinese 籠 (OC *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *roŋ, “bamboo cage”). Both of these proto-roots are thought to be areal words borrowed from Austroasiatic, which is supported by the -uing final in the Burmese.


လက်ရှိ

လက် (lak, “hand”) + ရှိ (hri., “to be, have”).


လျား

Cognate with Old Chinese 施 (OC *hljal, *hljals, “to give, bestow, extend”) (Hill, 2019).


မျိုးစုံ

မျိုး (myui:, “kind, type”) + စုံ (cum, “set, pair; to be complete. sufficient”).


ယဉ်ကျေး

ယဉ် (yany, “cultured, gentle, tame”) + ကျေး (kye:, “parrot”), thus "gentle like a parrot" (though the second syllable has also been taken to invoke the "village" sense).

polite, courteous, gentle, well-bred, civilized


ရိုးသား

ရိုး (rui:, “simple, honest”) + သား (sa:, “to rule, inscribe”).


ကြံ့ခိုင်

/t͡ɕa̰ɴkʰàɪɴ/

ကြံ့ (kram., “strong, sturdy”) + ခိုင် (hkuing, “to be durable, steadfast”).


အမှတ်တရ

အမှတ် (a.hmat, “mark, sign”) + တရ (ta.ra., “adverbial and intensive particle”).