A

The first letter of the Breton alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.


en

e (preposition "in") + un (indefinite article "a(n)")

e (preposition "in") + an (definite article "the")


te

From Proto-Brythonic *ti, from Proto-Celtic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognate to Welsh ti.


o

o zad


war

warnon (first-person singular)
warnomp (first-person plural)
warnout (second-person singular)
warnoc'h (plural second-person)
warnañ (masculine singular third-person)
warno (masculine plural third-person)
warni (feminine singular third-person)
warno (feminine plural third-person)
warnor (impersonal)

From Proto-Brythonic *gwor, from Old Breton guar, from Proto-Celtic *uɸer. Cognate to Welsh ar (“on”), Irish ar (“on, upon”), and Scottish Gaelic air (“on, upon”).

War ar sizhun.

War an doal emañ ar bara.

War an doal e vez ar bara.


Estonia

Estonia (a country in northeastern Europe, on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea)


bank

Ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *banki.


Bangladesh

Bangladesh (unmutated)
Vangladesh (mutation-soft)
Pangladesh (mutation-hard)


Brazil

Brazil (a large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


Bahamas

Bahamas (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean)


Belize

Belize (an English-speaking country in Central America, formerly called British Honduras)


Guatemala

Guatemala (a country in Central America)


Iran

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


vi

From Proto-Celtic *āwyom (compare Welsh wy, Cornish oy), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm (“egg”).


eo

third-person singular present indicative of bezañ


Barbados

Barbados (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Benin

Benin (a country in West Africa, formerly Dahomey)


Costa Rica

Costa Rica (a country in Central America)


Eritrea

Eritrea (a country in East Africa, on the Red Sea)


person

personed (plural)
person (singular unmutated)
berson (mutation-soft singular)
ferson (mutation-aspirate singular)
personed (plural unmutated)
bersoned (mutation-soft plural)
fersoned (mutation-aspirate plural)


el

e (preposition “in”) + ul (indefinite article “a(n)”)

e (preposition “in”) + al (definite article “the”)


ant

From Old Breton nant (“valley”) by misdivision, from Proto-Brythonic *nant, from Proto-Celtic *nantos, *nantus (“stream, valley”).


tan

tanioù (plural)
tan (singular unmutated)
dan (mutation-soft singular)
zan (mutation-aspirate singular)
tanioù (plural unmutated)
danioù (mutation-soft plural)
zanioù (mutation-aspirate plural)

From Middle Breton tan, from Old Breton tan, from Proto-Brythonic *tan, from Proto-Celtic *teɸnets (“fire”) (compare Old Irish teine, Welsh tân).


hi

From Proto-Celtic *sī. Cognate to Welsh hi.


del

From Proto-Brythonic *döl (whence also Welsh dail), from Proto-Celtic *dolyā. Cognate with Middle Irish duille, from Old Irish duilne, from a variant form *dolnyā; both are from Proto-Indo-European *dʰelh₁- (“blossom”), whence also Ancient Greek θάλλω (thállō, “to bloom”), Old English dile (“dill”), and Old Armenian դալար (dalar, “green, fresh”).


balan

head

balan ? (collective, singulative balanenn)


bed

bedoù (plural)
bed (singular unmutated)
ved (mutation-soft singular)
ped (mutation-hard singular)
bedoù (plural unmutated)
vedoù (mutation-soft plural)
pedoù (mutation-hard plural)
béd (alternative)

From Proto-Brythonic *bɨd, from Proto-Celtic *bitus. Cognates include Welsh byd and Cornish bys.


bran

brini (plural)
bran (singular unmutated)
vran (mutation-soft singular)
pran (mutation-hard singular)
brini (plural unmutated)
vrini (mutation-soft plural)
prini (mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *bran, from Proto-Celtic *branos, from Proto-Indo-European *werneh₂- (“crow”).
Compare Tocharian B wrauña, Lithuanian várna.


he

he zad


me

From Proto-Brythonic *mi, from Proto-Celtic *mī, from Proto-Indo-European *me (“me”). Cognate to Welsh mi.


re

From Proto-Celtic *ɸro- (compare Welsh rhy, Irish ró-).


dua

o tua (mutated)
dua (unmutated)
zua (mutation-soft)
tua (mutation-hard)
tua (mixed)


Leon

(historical) Leon, Léon (a former viscounty in Brittany, in northwestern France)

Leon, Léon (a cultural region of the department of Finistère, Brittany, France, around the former polity)


had

From Proto-Brythonic *had, from Proto-Celtic *satos, from *sh₁-tó-, past participle of Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow”). Cognate with English seed.


lost

Cognate with Welsh llost, Cornish lost, Gaulish losto-, from Proto-Celtic *lustā, from Proto-Indo-European *lew- (“to divide, split”), possibly related to Old Norse ljósta (“to strike”), Proto-Germanic *leustaną.

der

Ha ma lost bras 'zo bet troc'het

And my big penis was cut off (from a Breton bawdy song)


rod

From Proto-Brythonic *rrod, from Proto-Celtic *rotos, from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂os.


bag

Probably tied to Old French bac (“flat boat”), itself of obscure origin, although compare Vulgar Latin *baccinum (“wide bowl”).

unk

obscure


sell

From Proto-Celtic *stillom, cognate to Welsh syll and Old Irish sell.


du

du (unmutated)
zu (mutation-soft)
never occurs (mutation-aspirate)
never occurs (mutation-hard)
duoc'h (comparative unmutated)
zuoc'h (comparative mutation-soft)
never occurs (comparative mutation-aspirate)
never occurs (comparative mutation-hard)
duañ (superlative unmutated)
zuañ (mutation-soft superlative)
tuañ (mutation-hard superlative)

From Proto-Brythonic *duβ, from Proto-Celtic *dubus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.


du

du (unmutated)
zu (mutation-soft)
tu (mutation-hard)


du

du (unmutated)
zu (mutation-soft)
tu (mutation-hard)
tu (mixed)

third-person singular present indicative of duañ


broad

broiz (plural)
broad (singular unmutated)
vroad (mutation-soft singular)
proad (mutation-hard singular)
broiz (plural unmutated)
vroiz (mutation-soft plural)
proiz (mutation-hard plural)


broad

broadoù (plural)
broad (singular unmutated)
vroad (mutation-soft singular)
proad (mutation-hard singular)
broadoù (plural unmutated)
vroadoù (mutation-soft plural)
proadoù (mutation-hard plural)


metal

metaloù (plural)
metal (singular unmutated)
vetal (mutation-soft singular)
metaloù (plural unmutated)
vetaloù (mutation-soft plural)


e

ennon (first-person singular)
ennomp (first-person plural)
ennout (second-person singular)
ennoc'h (plural second-person)
ennañ (masculine singular third-person)
enno (masculine plural third-person)
enni (feminine singular third-person)
enno (feminine plural third-person)
ennor (impersonal)

From Proto-Brythonic *ɨn, from Proto-Celtic *eni.


proton

head

proton m (collective, plural protonennoù, singulative protonenn)

protonennoù (plural)
protonenn (singulative)


neutron

neutron m (collective, plural neutronennoù, singulative neutronenn)

neutronennoù (plural)
neutronenn (singulative)


Tibet

Tibet (a geographic region in Central Asia, the homeland of the Tibetan people)


fri

Cognate with Cornish frig (“nostril”); perhaps related to Proto-Celtic *srognā (compare Welsh ffroen (“nostril”), Old Irish srón (“nose”)).


ha

From Proto-Brythonic *(h)a, from Proto-Indo-European *ad-gʰe (compare with Cornish ha, Welsh a, ag).


ni

From Proto-Brythonic *ni, from Proto-Celtic *snīs.

we (first-person plural personal pronoun)


ni

From Proto-Brythonic *nei, from Proto-Celtic *neɸūss, from Proto-Indo-European *népōts.


un

From Proto-Brythonic *ʉn, from Proto-Celtic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos.


tre

Mat-tre!


atom

atom m (collective, plural atomennoù, singulative atomenn)

atomennoù (plural)
atomenn (singulative)


kana

kana (unmutated)
gana (mutation-soft)
c'hana (mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Breton canaff, from Proto-Brythonic *kėnɨd (compare Welsh canu), from Proto-Celtic *kaneti (“to sing”) (compare Irish canadh), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂n-.


ti

Inherited from Proto-Brythonic *tɨɣ, from Proto-Celtic *tegos, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg-.


se

Petra eo se?


ho

ho preudeur


tri

From Proto-Brythonic *tri, from Proto-Celtic *trīs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.


tu

From Proto-Brythonic *tʉβ, from Proto-Celtic *toibos, whence also Old Irish tóeb and Irish taobh. Cognate with Welsh tu, Cornish tu.


pik

Presumably from an earlier sense of "point," "pricking," in which case likely a borrowing from French piquer (“to prick, point”) or a similar source. Compare Welsh pig (“peak, point”), distantly related through a borrowing from Germanic.


Helsinki

Helsinki (the capital city of Finland; a municipality, the capital of the region of Uusimaa, Finland)


Turkia

Southeastern Europe
Southeastern Europe#English

Turkey (a country located in Eastern Thrace in Southeastern Europe and Anatolia in western Asia)


bont

bontoù (plural)
bont (singular unmutated)
vont (mutation-soft singular)
pont (mutation-hard singular)
bontoù (plural unmutated)
vontoù (mutation-soft plural)
pontoù (mutation-hard plural)


don

From Proto-Brythonic *duβn, from Proto-Celtic *dubnos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰubʰnós.


da

din (first-person singular)
dimp (first-person plural)
deomp (first-person plural)
dit (second-person singular)
deoc'h (plural second-person)
dezhañ (masculine singular third-person)
dezho (masculine plural third-person)
dezhi (feminine singular third-person)
dezho (feminine plural third-person)
deor (impersonal)

From Proto-Brythonic *di, from Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”). Cognate to Welsh i (“to”).

An den a zo aet da Vreizh.


da

From Proto-Celtic *towe (“your, thy”); compare Cornish dha, Welsh dy, Irish do. See te (“you”).


glad

gladoù (plural)
glad (singular unmutated)
c'hlad (mutation-soft singular)
klad (mutation-hard singular)
gladoù (plural unmutated)
c'hladoù (mutation-soft plural)
kladoù (mutation-hard plural)
gwlad (alternative)

From Middle Breton gloat (“kingdom, wealth”), from Proto-Brythonic *gwlad, from Proto-Celtic *wlatis (“sovereignty”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wélh₁tis ~ *h₂wl̥h₁téy-, from the root *h₂welh₁-.


gast

gisti (plural)
gast (singular unmutated)
c'hast (mutation-soft singular)
kast (mutation-hard singular)
gisti (plural unmutated)
c'histi (mutation-soft plural)
kisti (mutation-hard plural)

Cognate with Cornish gest, Welsh gast, and Middle Irish gast (a loanword from Brythonic).


Egipt

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


aber

→ French: aber


brav

brav (unmutated)
vrav (mutation-soft)
never occurs (mutation-aspirate)
never occurs (mutation-hard)

Borrowed from Middle French brave, from Italian bravo, from Medieval Latin *bravus, from a conflation of Latin pravus with barbarus. Cognate with Welsh braf.


per

From Middle Breton per, from Proto-Brythonic *per, a borrowing from Latin pira, plural of pirum. Cognate with Cornish per, Welsh pêr.


per

From Proto-Celtic *kʷaryos. Compare Cornish per, Welsh pair.


gar

divc’har (dual)
garoù (plural)
gar (singular unmutated)
c'har (mutation-soft singular)
kar (mutation-hard singular)
garoù (plural unmutated)
c'haroù (mutation-soft plural)
karoù (mutation-hard plural)

From Middle Breton garr, from Proto-Brythonic *garr, from Proto-Celtic *garros.


gar

kar (singular unmutated)
gar (mutation-soft singular)
c'har (mutation-aspirate singular)
kerent (plural unmutated)
gerent (mutation-soft plural)
c'herent (mutation-aspirate plural)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


hen

From Proto-Brythonic *hen, from Proto-Celtic *senos, from Proto-Indo-European *sénos.


tor

From Middle Breton torr, teur, from Old Breton tar, from Proto-Celtic *torr-V- (“belly”), of uncertain origin; according to Matasovic, of non-Indo-European origin, but according to MacBain, from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to turn, rub”), cognate with Proto-Germanic *þarmaz (“guts, intestines”), Ancient Greek τάμισος (támisos, “rennet”).


tor

tor (singular unmutated)
dor (mutation-soft singular)
zor (mutation-aspirate singular)
torioù (plural unmutated)
dorioù (mutation-soft plural)
zorioù (mutation-aspirate plural)


ken

From Proto-Brythonic *ken, from Proto-Celtic *kina (“on this side of”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe (“this, here”).

ken (bras)

(n'eo ket) ken (bras ha me)

(n'ouzon ket) ken


kon

ki (singular unmutated)
gi (mutation-soft singular)
c'hi (mutation-aspirate singular)
kon (plural unmutated)
gon (mutation-soft plural)
c'hon (mutation-aspirate plural)


den

From Proto-Brythonic *dün, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰom-yo- (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”).


barn

barn (unmutated)
varn (mutation-soft)
parn (mutation-hard)
varn (mixed)
barnan (first-person indicative present singular)
barnez (indicative present second-person singular)
barn (indicative present singular third-person)
barnomp (first-person indicative plural present)
barnit (indicative plural present second-person)
barnont (indicative plural present third-person)
barner (impersonal indicative present)
barnis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
barnjout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
barnas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
barnjomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
barnjoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
barnjont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
barnjod (impersonal indicative preterite)
barnen (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
barnes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
barne (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
barnemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
barnec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
barnent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
barned (imperfect impersonal indicative)
barnin (first-person future indicative singular)
barni (future indicative second-person singular)
barno (future indicative singular third-person)
barnimp (first-person future indicative plural)
barnot (future indicative plural second-person)
barnint (future indicative plural third-person)
barnor (future impersonal indicative)
barnfen (first-person present singular subjunctive)
barnfes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
barnfe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
barnfemp (first-person plural present subjunctive)
barnfec'h (plural present second-person subjunctive)
barnfent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
barnfed (impersonal present subjunctive)
barnjen (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
barnjes (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
barnje (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
barnjemp (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
barnjec'h (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
barnjent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
barnjed (imperfect impersonal subjunctive)
barn (imperative second-person singular)
barnet (imperative singular third-person)
barnomp (first-person imperative plural)
barnit (imperative plural second-person)
barnent (imperative plural third-person)
o varn (first-person participle present second-person singular)
barnet (auxiliary verb: kaout) (participle past)

From Middle Breton barn, from Proto-Brythonic *barnad, from Proto-Celtic *barnati (“proclaim”). Cognate with Cornish barna.


out

second-person singular present indicative of bezañ


-er

brezhoneg (“Breton (language)”) + -er → brezhoneger (“Breton-speaker”)

c'hoari (“game; to play”) + -er → c'hoarier (“player, actor”)

tredan (“electricity”) + -er → tredaner (“electrician”)

person or thing that (does the action indicated by the root); used to form an agent noun.


Belgia

Belgia (unmutated)
Velgia (mutation-soft)
Pelgia (mutation-hard)

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


bier

From Dutch bier, from Middle Dutch bier, from Old Dutch bier, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ (“beer”).


-ed

kazhez (“female cat”) + -ed → kazhezed (“female cats”)


rok

Related to Irish rucas (“pride, arrogance”). Possibly borrowed into English as rogue.


aer

Borrowed from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr).


abad

Inherited from Proto-Brythonic *abad, from Ecclesiastical Latin abbās, from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אַבָּא (’abbā, “father”).


mel

From Proto-Celtic *meli (“honey”) (compare Welsh mêl, Old Irish mil), from Proto-Indo-European *mélid, whence also Latin mel (“honey”).


boue

From Middle English buie, from Middle Dutch boeye, of Germanic origin, from Old Dutch *bōcan, from Frankish *baukn (“symbol, sign”).


mad

From Proto-Brythonic *mad, from Proto-Celtic *matis.


avel

From Middle Breton avel, from Old Breton auel, from Proto-Brythonic *awel (“wind”), from Proto-Celtic *awelā (“wind, breeze”) (compare Cornish awel and Welsh awel).


va

Va zad


tra

traoù (plural)
tra (singular unmutated)
dra (mutation-soft singular)
zra (mutation-aspirate singular)
traoù (plural unmutated)
draoù (mutation-soft plural)
zraoù (mutation-aspirate plural)


mat

mat (unmutated)
vat (mutation-soft)
vat (mixed)

From Proto-Celtic *matis (compare Irish maith).


trist

From Proto-Brythonic *trist, from Latin trīstis. Compare Welsh trist, French triste.


bro

broioù (plural)
bro (singular unmutated)
vro (mutation-soft singular)
pro (mutation-hard singular)
broioù (plural unmutated)
vroioù (mutation-soft plural)
proioù (mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *broɣ, from Proto-Celtic *mrogis.

A bep liv marc'h mat; a bep bro tud vat.

Good horses whatever their colour; good people whatever their country.

O! Breizh, ma bro, me 'gar ma bro.
Tra ma vo mor 'vel mur 'n he zro,
Ra vezo digabestr ma bro!

1897, “Bro Gozh ma Zadoù [Old Land of My Fathers]”, François Jaffrennou (lyrics), James James (music), Anthem of Brittany:

Brittany, my country, I love my country,
So long as the sea, like a wall surrounding thee,
My country shall be free!

Ret eo, emezi, ma vo anavezet hor bro evel ur gwir vro gant ar gwir da zerc’hel he renk e-touez ar broioù all.

1975 July 5, Añjela Duval, “Fri Korloko”, in Al Liamm, Le Vieux-Marché:

It is necessary, she said, that our country be recognized as a true country with the right to maintain its rank among other countries.

Ret' voe didab 'tre div garantez :
Karantrez-vro, karantez den.
D'am bro am eus gouestlet va buhez
Ha lezet da vont 'n hini 'garen.

2010, “Karantez-vro [Love for a Country]”, in Añjela Duval (lyrics), Bretonne, performed by Veronique Autret:

Forced to choose between two affections:
Love for a country, love for a man.
I've given my life to my nation
And let go of the one I loved.


dont

dont (unmutated)
zont (mutation-soft)
tont (mutation-hard)
tont (mixed)
deuan (first-person indicative present singular)
deuez (indicative present second-person singular)
deu (indicative present singular third-person)
deuomp (first-person indicative plural present)
deuit (indicative plural present second-person)
deuont (indicative plural present third-person)
deuer (impersonal indicative present)
deuis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
deujout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
deuas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
deujomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
deujoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
deujont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
deujod (impersonal indicative preterite)
deuen (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
deues (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
deue (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
deuemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
deuec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
deuent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
deued (imperfect impersonal indicative)
deuin (first-person future indicative singular)
deui (future indicative second-person singular)
deuo (future indicative singular third-person)
deuimp (first-person future indicative plural)
deuot (future indicative plural second-person)
deuint (future indicative plural third-person)
deuor (future impersonal indicative)
deufen (first-person present singular subjunctive)
deufes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
deufe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
deufemp (first-person plural present subjunctive)
deufec'h (plural present second-person subjunctive)
deufent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
deufed (impersonal present subjunctive)
deujen (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
deujes (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
deuje (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
deujemp (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
deujec'h (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
deujent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
deujed (imperfect impersonal subjunctive)
deu (imperative second-person singular)
deuet (imperative singular third-person)
deuomp (first-person imperative plural)
deuit (imperative plural second-person)
deuent (imperative plural third-person)
o tont (first-person participle present second-person singular)
deuet (auxiliary verb: bezañ) (participle past)
doned (alternative)

A suppletive verb. The verbal noun is from Middle Breton donet (influenced by monet (“to go”)), from Old Breton diminet. Cognate with Welsh dyfod, dod, and Cornish dos, dones; from Old Breton di, do + monet (“to go”). The other forms are from Proto-Celtic *toageti, itself also a suppletive verb (stemming from *ageti (“to drive”) and *pelh₂-). See also Old Irish do·aig (“to drive off”).


yen

An dour zo yen.


hir

Inherited from Middle Breton hir, from Proto-Brythonic *hir , from Proto-Celtic *sīros.


chug

From Proto-Celtic *sūgos; compare Scottish Gaelic sùgh and Welsh sudd.


dor

dorioù (plural)
dor (singular unmutated)
zor (mutation-soft singular)
tor (mutation-hard singular)
dorioù (plural unmutated)
zorioù (mutation-soft plural)
torioù (mutation-hard plural)

From Middle Breton dor, from Proto-Brythonic *dor (compare Welsh dôr), from Proto-Celtic *dwār, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwṓr.


tad

tadoù (plural)
tad (singular unmutated)
dad (mutation-soft singular)
zad (mutation-aspirate singular)
tadoù (plural unmutated)
dadoù (mutation-soft plural)
zadoù (mutation-aspirate plural)

From Middle Breton tat, from Proto-Brythonic *tad, from Proto-Celtic *tatos.

ma zad

da dad


hep

hepdon (first-person singular)
hepdomp (first-person plural)
hepdout (second-person singular)
hepdoc'h (plural second-person)
heptañ (masculine singular third-person)
hepto (masculine plural third-person)
hepti (feminine singular third-person)
hepto (feminine plural third-person)
hepdor (impersonal)

From Middle Breton hep, from Old Breton ep, from Proto-Brythonic *heb, from Proto-Celtic *sekʷo-, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“follow”). Cognate to Welsh heb.


paz

From Old Breton pas, from Proto-Celtic *kʷasto- (compare Cornish pâz, Welsh pas).


paz

pazioù (plural)
paz (singular unmutated)
baz (mutation-soft singular)
faz (mutation-aspirate singular)
pazioù (plural unmutated)
bazioù (mutation-soft plural)
fazioù (mutation-aspirate plural)

Borrowed from Old French pas, from Latin passus.


gluon

head

gluon m (collective, plural gluonennoù, singulative gluonenn)

gluonennoù (plural)
gluonenn (singulative)


ki

chas (plural)
kon (plural)
ki (singular unmutated)
gi (mutation-soft singular)
c'hi (mutation-aspirate singular)
kon (plural unmutated)
gon (mutation-soft plural)
c'hon (mutation-aspirate plural)

From Middle Breton ci, from Proto-Brythonic *ki, from Proto-Celtic *kū, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

Ar c'hi zo o kousket amañ.


mil

From Middle Breton mil, from Proto-Brythonic *mil, from Latin mīlia. Cognate with Cornish mil, Welsh mil, Irish míle.


mil

miled (plural)
mil (singular unmutated)
vil (mutation-soft singular)
miled (plural unmutated)
viled (mutation-soft plural)

From Middle Breton mil, from Proto-Brythonic *mil (compare Cornish mil, Welsh mil), from Proto-Celtic *mīlom (compare Old Irish míl and its descendants; Irish míol, Scottish Gaelic míl, Manx meeyl), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₁l- (“small animal””).
Compare Ancient Greek μῆλον (mêlon, “lamb”), Dutch maal (“calf”).


tud

From Proto-Brythonic *tʉd, from Proto-Celtic *toutā, from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂.


halo

From Proto-Celtic *salā (“filth, dirt”).


biz-meud

bizied-meud (plural)
biz-meud (singular unmutated)
viz-meud (mutation-soft singular)
piz-meud (mutation-hard singular)
bizied-meud (plural unmutated)
vizied-meud (mutation-soft plural)
pizied-meud (mutation-hard plural)


mor

morioù (plural)
mor (singular unmutated)
vor (mutation-soft singular)
morioù (plural unmutated)
vorioù (mutation-soft plural)

From Middle Breton and Old Breton mor, from Proto-Brythonic *mor, from Proto-Celtic *mori, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

Mor-Bihan

small sea; Department in Brittany, meaning


nav

From Proto-Brythonic *naw, from Proto-Celtic *nawan, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥.


dek

dek (unmutated)
zek (mutation-soft)
tek (mutation-hard)
tek (mixed)

From Middle Breton dek, from Old Breton dec, from Proto-Brythonic *deg, from Proto-Celtic *dekam, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥.


unan

From a derivative of Proto-Brythonic *ʉn, from Proto-Celtic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos. Compare Cornish onan, Manx unnane.


daou

div (feminine)
daou (unmutated)
zaou (mutation-soft)
taou (mutation-hard)
taou (mixed)

From Proto-Brythonic *dow, from Proto-Celtic *duwo, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.


c'hwec'h

From Proto-Brythonic *hwex, from Proto-Celtic *swexs, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱs.


ya

Ya, gwir eo!

yes, word used to show agreement or acceptance.


glan

glan (unmutated)
c'hlan (mutation-soft)
klan (mutation-hard)
c'hlan (mixed)

From Proto-Brythonic *glan, from Proto-Celtic *glanos (“clean, clear”).


glas

Inherited from Middle Breton glas, Proto-Brythonic *glas, from Proto-Celtic *glastos.


dour

dourioù (plural)
doureier (plural)
dour (singular unmutated)
zour (mutation-soft singular)
tour (mutation-hard singular)
doureier (plural unmutated)
zoureier (mutation-soft plural)
toureier (mutation-hard plural)

Inherited from Proto-Brythonic *duβr, from Proto-Celtic *dubros, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰubʰrós (“deep”).

(by extension) rain, tears, sweat, saliva


kaliom

kaliom (unmutated)
galiom (mutation-soft)
c'haliom (mutation-aspirate)


avu

From Middle Breton auu, from Proto-Brythonic *aβʉ, from Proto-Celtic *awV-. Cognate with Welsh afu, Cornish avi, Middle Irish áe.


diamant

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas).


a

ac'hanon (first-person singular)
ac'hanomp (first-person plural)
ac'hanout (second-person singular)
ac'hanoc'h (plural second-person)
anezhañ (masculine singular third-person)
anezho (masculine plural third-person)
anezhi (feminine singular third-person)
anezho (feminine plural third-person)
ac'hanor (impersonal)

From Proto-Brythonic *a, from Proto-Celtic *au, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew.

tud a Vrest

un tamm brav a gig

ur plac’h a enor

ur voutailh leun a sistr

after certain adjectives or adverbs expressing quantity

tri a vugale

after ordinal numbers with a plural noun

nʼem eus ket ken a vutun

used in negative sentences with the grammatical object

paouezet eo ar glav a gouezhañ

it has stopped raining [lit. the rain has stopped falling]

before the infinitive after certain verbs like paouez, mirout, diwall, c'hwitañ

ur vrav a blacʼh

after substantivized adjectives used as nouns

gwelet em boa acʼhanout

an den a gomzan anezhañ


a

ar mor a zo glas

preverbal particle used when
the subject precedes the verb

an den-se a glevan

preverbal particle used when
the object precedes the verb


a

an hini a garan

(relative) that, which, who (used in 'direct' relative clauses, i.e. where the pronoun refers to the subject or the direct object of an inflected verb)


Dan

Daned (plural)
Dan (singular unmutated)
Zan (mutation-soft singular)
Tan (mutation-hard singular)
Daned (plural unmutated)
Zaned (mutation-soft plural)
Taned (mutation-hard plural)


Island

North Atlantic Ocean
North Atlantic Ocean#English

Iceland (an island and country in the North Atlantic Ocean in Europe)


Kuba

Cuba (a country, the largest island (based on land area) in the Caribbean)


Mari

a female given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English Mary


Per

Per (unmutated)
Ber (mutation-soft)
Fer (mutation-aspirate)

a male given name from Latin, equivalent to English Peter


Reunion

administrative region
administrative region

Réunion (an island, overseas department, and administrative region of France, located in the Indian Ocean to the west of Mauritius and to the east of Madagascar)


Sul

From Proto-Brythonic [Term?], borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin sōl (“the sun”). Compare Welsh Sul, Cornish Sul.


Norvegia

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Norvegia, from Old Norse Norvegr (“north way”) (see Norway).

Norway (a country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe)


avon

(archaic) Alternative form of aven (“river”)


aod

From Proto-Celtic *altos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eltós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-. Cognate with Welsh allt, Cornish als, Irish alt, Latin altus, Old High German alt.


gwenn

From Middle Breton guinn, from Old Breton uuin, Proto-Brythonic *gwɨnn, from Proto-Celtic *windos.


gov

From Old Breton gob, from Proto-Celtic *gobanos.


Aristoteles

Borrowed via Latin Aristotelēs from Ancient Greek Ἀριστοτέλης (Aristotélēs).


klon

klon (singular unmutated)
glon (mutation-soft singular)
c'hlon (mutation-aspirate singular)
klonoù (plural unmutated)
glonoù (mutation-soft plural)
c'hlonoù (mutation-aspirate plural)


Bhoutan

Bhutan (a country in South Asia, in the Himalayas)


pri

From Proto-Brythonic *prið, from Proto-Celtic *kʷrīyess.


bara

baraioù (plural)
bara (singular unmutated)
vara (mutation-soft singular)
para (mutation-hard singular)
baraioù (plural unmutated)
varaioù (mutation-soft plural)
paraioù (mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Celtic *bargos, *barginā (“cake, bread”) (compare Welsh bara, Cornish bara, Old Irish bairgen f (“bread, loaf; food, plain diet”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- (“spike, prickle”) (Old Norse barr (“corn, grain, barley”), Latin far (“spelt”), Serbo-Croatian бра̏шно/brȁšno).


bras

head

bras (comparative brasoc'h, superlative brasañ, exclamative brasat)

brasoc'h (comparative)
brasañ (superlative)
bras (unmutated)
vras (mutation-soft)
never occurs (mutation-aspirate)
never occurs (mutation-hard)
brasoc'h (comparative unmutated)
vrasoc'h (comparative mutation-soft)
never occurs (comparative mutation-aspirate)
never occurs (comparative mutation-hard)
brasañ (superlative unmutated)
vrasañ (mutation-soft superlative)
prasañ (mutation-hard superlative)

From Proto-Celtic *brassos (“large”): (compare Cornish bras (“big, great”), broas, and Welsh bras (“fat, broad, rich”)).


tir

tirioù (plural)
tir (singular unmutated)
dir (mutation-soft singular)
zir (mutation-aspirate singular)
tirioù (plural unmutated)
dirioù (mutation-soft plural)
zirioù (mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *tir, from Proto-Celtic *tīros, from Proto-Indo-European *ters- (“dry”), i.e. "dry land" as opposed to lake or sea.


maro

maro (unmutated)
varo (mutation-soft)
varo (mixed)

From Proto-Celtic *marwos (“dead”) (compare Welsh marw, marb), from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥wós (compare *mr̥tós), ultimately from the root *mer- (“to die”).


Tina

Clipping of Kaourantina/Kaourintina or Tin + -a (feminine).

a diminutive of the female given name Kaourantina

a diminutive of the female given name Kaourintina


sellout

sellan (first-person indicative present singular)
sellez (indicative present second-person singular)
sell (indicative present singular third-person)
sellomp (first-person indicative plural present)
sellit (indicative plural present second-person)
sellont (indicative plural present third-person)
seller (impersonal indicative present)
sellis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
selljout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
sellas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
selljomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
selljoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
selljont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
selljod (impersonal indicative preterite)
sellen (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
selles (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
selle (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
sellemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
sellec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
sellent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
selled (imperfect impersonal indicative)
sellin (first-person future indicative singular)
selli (future indicative second-person singular)
sello (future indicative singular third-person)
sellimp (first-person future indicative plural)
sellot (future indicative plural second-person)
sellint (future indicative plural third-person)
sellor (future impersonal indicative)
sellfen (first-person present singular subjunctive)
sellfes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
sellfe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
sellfemp (first-person plural present subjunctive)
sellfec'h (plural present second-person subjunctive)
sellfent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
sellfed (impersonal present subjunctive)
selljen (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
selljes (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
sellje (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
selljemp (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
selljec'h (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
selljent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
selljed (imperfect impersonal subjunctive)
sell (imperative second-person singular)
sellet (imperative singular third-person)
sellomp (first-person imperative plural)
sellit (imperative plural second-person)
sellent (imperative plural third-person)
o sellout (first-person participle present second-person singular)
sellet (auxiliary verb: kaout) (participle past)
sellet (alternative)
selled (alternative)

From Middle Breton sellet, from Proto-Celtic *stillom (“look”), of uncertain ultimate origin.


Pariz

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


kant

kant (unmutated)
gant (mutation-soft)
c'hant (mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Breton kant, from Old Breton cant, from Proto-Brythonic *kant, from Proto-Celtic *kantom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Kant bro, kant giz, kant perez, kant iliz

A hundred countries, a hundred guises, a hundred parishes, a hundred churches.


aon

From Middle Breton oun, from Proto-Celtic *oβnus (“fear”) (compare Welsh ofn, Cornish own, Old Irish ómun).


ezel

From Middle Breton esel, from Proto-Celtic *asselī. Compare Cornish esel and Irish esel.


moan

moan (unmutated)
voan (mutation-soft)
never occurs (mutation-aspirate)
never occurs (mutation-hard)
moanoc'h (comparative unmutated)
voanoc'h (comparative mutation-soft)
never occurs (comparative mutation-aspirate)
never occurs (comparative mutation-hard)
moanañ (superlative unmutated)
voanañ (mutation-soft superlative)
moanat (unmutated)
voanat (mutation-soft)
moen (alternative)

From Middle Breton moen, from Old Breton moin, from Proto-Brythonic *muɨn (“beautiful”). Compare Welsh mwyn (“mild, gentle”).


ger

gerioù (plural)
ger (singular unmutated)
c'her (mutation-soft singular)
ker (mutation-hard singular)
gerioù (plural unmutated)
c'herioù (mutation-soft plural)
kerioù (mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *gėr, from Proto-Celtic *garyos (“word, speech”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-, zero grade of *ǵeh₂r-.
Cognate with Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus, “voice, speech”), Khotanese [script needed] (ysār-, “to sing”), Latin garriō (“chatter”), Old English caru (“sorrow”).

cog

Skrijal a rae Loeiz o tistagan ar ger [...] 'Louis screamed in pronouncing the word'.

1990, Thomas Arwyn Watkins, Martin John Ball, Celtic Linguistics / Ieithyddiaeth Geltaidd: Readings in the Brythonic Languages, page 202:


yar

From Proto-Celtic *yarā (compare Welsh iâr).


paun

pauned (plural)
paun (singular unmutated)
baun (mutation-soft singular)
faun (mutation-aspirate singular)
pauned (plural unmutated)
bauned (mutation-soft plural)
fauned (mutation-aspirate plural)

From Middle Breton paun, from Proto-Brythonic *pawʉn (compare Old Cornish, Middle Welsh, and Welsh paun), from Latin pāvō.


-ez

kazh (“tomcat”) + -ez → kazhez (“female cat”)

-ess; suffix forming the feminine of a noun


kazh

kizhier (plural)
kezhier (plural)
kazh (unmutated)
gazh (mutation-soft)
c'hazh (mutation-aspirate)
kaz (alternative)

From Proto-Brythonic *kaθ, from Proto-Celtic *kattā.


brug

From Middle Breton groegan, from Proto-Brythonic *gwrʉg.


ster

From Proto-Brythonic *ster, from Proto-Celtic *sterā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr.


kein

keinoù (plural)
kein (singular unmutated)
gein (mutation-soft singular)
c'hein (mutation-aspirate singular)
keinoù (plural unmutated)
geinoù (mutation-soft plural)
c'heinoù (mutation-aspirate plural)

Cognate with Welsh cefn (“back”), Cornish keyn (“back”), Gaulish Cebenna (“ridge, height”) (whence French Cévennes), ultimately from Proto-Celtic *kebno- (“back”), from Pre-Celtic *kebn-, which could be related to *kambos (“crooked, bent”).


klas

klasoù (plural)
klas (singular unmutated)
glas (mutation-soft singular)
c'hlas (mutation-aspirate singular)
klasoù (plural unmutated)
glasoù (mutation-soft plural)
c'hlasoù (mutation-aspirate plural)


Kopenhagen

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


biz

bizied (plural)
biz (singular unmutated)
viz (mutation-soft singular)
piz (mutation-hard singular)
bizied (plural unmutated)
vizied (mutation-soft plural)
pizied (mutation-hard plural)


mala

From Middle Breton malaff, from Old Breton maletic, from Proto-Brythonic *malɨd, from Proto-Celtic *meleti.


gant

ganin (first-person singular)
ganimp (first-person plural)
ganeomp (first-person plural)
ganit (second-person singular)
ganeoc'h (plural second-person)
gantañ (masculine singular third-person)
ganto (masculine plural third-person)
ganti (feminine singular third-person)
ganto (feminine plural third-person)
ganeor (impersonal)

From Old Breton cant, from Proto-Celtic *kanta (“together with”). Cognate with Welsh gan (“with; by”).


gant

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


roue

From Middle Breton roe, from Proto-Brythonic *rruɨβ̃, from Proto-Celtic *ɸreimos; akin to Old Cornish ruy (whence Cornish ruw) and Welsh rhwyf (“king, leader”).
Replaced Old Breton ri, which was akin to Middle Welsh rhi, Irish rí, Scottish Gaelic rìgh, and Gaulish -rix, -rēx.


rak

razon (first-person singular)
razomp (first-person plural)
razout (second-person singular)
razoc'h (plural second-person)
razañ (masculine singular third-person)
razo (masculine plural third-person)
razi (feminine singular third-person)
razo (feminine plural third-person)
razor (impersonal)


rost

From Old French rostir, of West Germanic origin.


kar

kerent (plural)
kar (singular unmutated)
gar (mutation-soft singular)
c'har (mutation-aspirate singular)
kerent (plural unmutated)
gerent (mutation-soft plural)
c'herent (mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *kar, from Proto-Celtic *karants.


kar

gar (singular unmutated)
c'har (mutation-soft singular)
kar (mutation-hard singular)
garoù (plural unmutated)
c'haroù (mutation-soft plural)
karoù (mutation-hard plural)


kas

From Middle Breton cas, from Proto-Brythonic *kas, from Proto-Celtic *kassis.


-el

Cf. French -el (e.g. sexuel, individuel, industriel)

broad (“nation”) + -el → broadel (“national”)


dorn

From Old Breton durn, from Proto-Celtic *durnos (compare Welsh dwrn (“fist”), Irish dorn), probably loaned from a non-Indo-European substrate language.


mell

From Proto-Celtic *melsā (“knuckle”); possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mel (“limb”).


kaz

kizier (plural)
kaz (singular unmutated)
gaz (mutation-soft singular)
c'haz (mutation-aspirate singular)
kizier (plural unmutated)
gizier (mutation-soft plural)
c'hizier (mutation-aspirate plural)

cat, tomcat


lenn

lennan (first-person indicative present singular)
lennez (indicative present second-person singular)
lenn (indicative present singular third-person)
lennomp (first-person indicative plural present)
lennit (indicative plural present second-person)
lennont (indicative plural present third-person)
lenner (impersonal indicative present)
lennis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
lennjout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
lennas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
lennjomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
lennjoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
lennjont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
lennjod (impersonal indicative preterite)
lennen (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
lennes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
lenne (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
lennemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
lennec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
lennent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
lenned (imperfect impersonal indicative)
lennin (first-person future indicative singular)
lenni (future indicative second-person singular)
lenno (future indicative singular third-person)
lennimp (first-person future indicative plural)
lennot (future indicative plural second-person)
lennint (future indicative plural third-person)
lennor (future impersonal indicative)
lennfen (first-person present singular subjunctive)
lennfes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
lennfe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
lennfemp (first-person plural present subjunctive)
lennfec'h (plural present second-person subjunctive)
lennfent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
lennfed (impersonal present subjunctive)
lennjen (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
lennjes (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
lennje (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
lennjemp (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
lennjec'h (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
lennjent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
lennjed (imperfect impersonal subjunctive)
lenn (imperative second-person singular)
lennet (imperative singular third-person)
lennomp (first-person imperative plural)
lennit (imperative plural second-person)
lennent (imperative plural third-person)
lenn (first-person participle present second-person singular)
lennet (auxiliary verb: kaout) (participle past)

From Middle Breton lenn, leenn (originally a noun), from Proto-Brythonic *lleɣenn, from Latin legendum. Cognate with Welsh llên, Cornish lien.


lenn

From Middle Breton lenn, from Old Breton lin, from Proto-Celtic *lindos (“lake, liquid”). Cognate with Welsh llyn, Cornish lynn, Irish linn, Gaulish lindon.


lenn

From Old Breton lenn, from Proto-Celtic *linnā (“cloak, veil”). Cognate with Welsh llen, Cornish len, Irish leann, Gaulish linna.


azen

From Proto-Brythonic [Term?], through Vulgar Latin from Latin asinus. Compare Welsh asyn.

"to predate" or "to long" or "to desire"#Breton


kell

From Proto-Brythonic [Term?], borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin cōleus (“testicle”) (compare Cornish kell, Welsh caill), ultimately from Ancient Greek κολεός (koleós).


kell

kelloù (plural)
killi (plural)
kell (singular unmutated)
gell (mutation-soft singular)
c'hell (mutation-aspirate singular)
kelloù (plural unmutated)
gelloù (mutation-soft plural)
c'helloù (mutation-aspirate plural)

From Latin cella (compare Old Irish cell).


kont

count (a lord of a county holding a title of countdom)


mur

From Middle Breton mur, from Old Breton mur, from Proto-Brythonic *mʉr, from Latin mūrus.


mont

mont (unmutated)
vont (mutation-soft)
vont (mixed)
an (first-person indicative present singular)
ez (indicative present second-person singular)
a (indicative present singular third-person)
ya (indicative present singular third-person)
eomp (first-person indicative plural present)
it (indicative plural present second-person)
eont (indicative plural present third-person)
eer (impersonal indicative present)
is (first-person indicative preterite singular)
ejout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
eas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
yeas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
ejomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
ejoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
ejont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
ejod (impersonal indicative preterite)
aen (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
aes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
ae (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
yae (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
aemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
aec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
aent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
aed (imperfect impersonal indicative)
in (first-person future indicative singular)
i (future indicative second-person singular)
ay (future indicative singular third-person)
aio (future indicative singular third-person)
yelo (future indicative singular third-person)
aimp (first-person future indicative plural)
eot (future indicative plural second-person)
aint (future indicative plural third-person)
eor (future impersonal indicative)
afen (first-person present singular subjunctive)
afes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
afe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
yafe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
afemp (first-person plural present subjunctive)
afec'h (plural present second-person subjunctive)
afent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
afed (impersonal present subjunctive)
ajen (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
ajes (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
aje (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
yaje (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
ajemp (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
ajec'h (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
ajent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
ajed (imperfect impersonal subjunctive)
kae (n'a in the negative) (imperative second-person singular)
aet (imperative singular third-person)
eomp (first-person imperative plural)
deomp (first-person imperative plural)
it (imperative plural second-person)
kit (imperative plural second-person)
aent (imperative plural third-person)
o vont (first-person participle present second-person singular)
aet (auxiliary verb: bezañ) (participle past)
moned (alternative)

Suppletive verb; verbal noun from Proto-Brythonic *monetu (compare Welsh mynd, Cornish mones), verbal noun of Proto-Celtic *mon-ī- (compare Middle Irish muinithir (“goes around”)), from Proto-Indo-European *menH- (compare Umbrian menes (“will come”), Lithuanian mi̇̀nti (“to trample, scutch”)). Indicative forms from Proto-Celtic *ageti (“to drive”) (compare Old Irish aigid), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- (compare Latin agō). The forms in el- are from Proto-Celtic *ɸel- (“to approach, drive”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (compare Latin pellō (“strike, drive”), Epic Greek πίλναμαι (pílnamai, “approach”).


eus

From Proto-Celtic *exs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (“out”).

O tont eus pelecʼh emaocʼh?

eus dek eur da greisteiz

an darn vrasañ eus an dud


eus

Compare Cornish eus, Welsh oes (“[there] is”).


tann

From Proto-Brythonic *tann, from Proto-Celtic *tannos (“green oak”). Related to Old Cornish tannen and Gaulish *tannos (whence French tan).


boz

bozioù (plural)
divoz (dual)
boz (singular unmutated)
voz (mutation-soft singular)
poz (mutation-hard singular)
bozioù (plural unmutated)
vozioù (mutation-soft plural)
pozioù (mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *bos, from Proto-Celtic *bostā (“palm, fist”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷosto-, *gʷosdʰo- (“branch”).


Gwen

Gwen (unmutated)
Wen (mutation-soft)
Kwen (mutation-hard)


kod

kod ar yec'hed foran

code (body of law or set of regulations and rules)


glin

glinoù (plural)
daoulin (dual)
glin (singular unmutated)
c'hlin (mutation-soft singular)
klin (mutation-hard singular)
glinoù (plural unmutated)
c'hlinoù (mutation-soft plural)
klinoù (mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *glin, from Proto-Celtic *glūnos (compare Old Irish glún), dissimilated from *gnūn-, *gnūnos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu.


eun

From Middle Breton un, from Old Breton un, from Proto-Brythonic *ʉn.


alc'hwez

From Proto-Brythonic *alxweð, by metathesis from Proto-Brythonic *axlweð, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kleh₂w- (“hook, peg”), with the negative prefix *n̥-. Cognate with Welsh allwedd


pesk

pesked (plural)
pesk (singular unmutated)
besk (mutation-soft singular)
fesk (mutation-aspirate singular)
pesked (plural unmutated)
besked (mutation-soft plural)
fesked (mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *pɨsk, a borrowing from Latin piscis. Compare Cornish pysk, and further Welsh pysgod.


skoed

From Proto-Brythonic *skuɨd, from Proto-Celtic *skeitos (“shield”), from Proto-Indo-European *skeyt-, from *skey- (“to cut, separate”). Cognate with Cornish skoes (“shield”), Welsh ysgwyd (“shield”), Irish sciath (“shield”). Related to Latin scūtum (“shield”) and Russian щит (ščit).


staen

Borrowed from Old French estain, or inherited from Proto-Brythonic *staɨn.


maen

mein (plural)
maen (singular unmutated)
vaen (mutation-soft singular)
mein (plural unmutated)
vein (mutation-soft plural)

Inherited from Middle Breton men, from Old Breton main, from Proto-Brythonic *maɣɨn , from Proto-Celtic *maginos. Cognate with Cornish men, Welsh maen.


dall

dall (unmutated)
zall (mutation-soft)
tall (mutation-hard)
tall (mixed)

From Middle Breton and Old Breton dall, from Proto-Brythonic *dall, from Proto-Celtic *dallos.


hanter

From Proto-Brythonic *hanter, from Proto-Celtic *santeros. Compare Cornish hanter, Welsh hanner.


holen

From Middle Breton holen, hoalen, from Proto-Brythonic *haluɨn, from Proto-Celtic *salenos, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls. Cognate with Cornish holan, Welsh halen, Irish salann, and more distantly also Latin sāl and English salt.


tek

From Proto-Brythonic *teg, from Proto-Celtic *tekos (“beautiful”). Cognate with Cornish teg and Welsh teg.


uvel

From Middle Breton uuel (“humble”), from Latin humilis. Cognate with Cornish huvel and Welsh ufyll (“humble”).


tarv

tirvi (plural)
tarv (singular unmutated)
darv (mutation-soft singular)
zarv (mutation-aspirate singular)
tirvi (plural unmutated)
dirvi (mutation-soft plural)
zirvi (mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *tarw, from Proto-Celtic *tarwos, from Proto-Indo-European *táwros.


ober

gran (first-person indicative present singular)
grez (indicative present second-person singular)
gra (indicative present singular third-person)
greomp (first-person indicative plural present)
grit (indicative plural present second-person)
greont (indicative plural present third-person)
greer (impersonal indicative present)
gris (first-person indicative preterite singular)
grejout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
greas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
grejomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
grejoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
grejont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
grejod (impersonal indicative preterite)
graen (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
graes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
grae (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
graemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
graec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
graent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
graed (imperfect impersonal indicative)
grin (first-person future indicative singular)
gri (future indicative second-person singular)
gray (future indicative singular third-person)
graio (future indicative singular third-person)
graimp (first-person future indicative plural)
greot (future indicative plural second-person)
graint (future indicative plural third-person)
greor (future impersonal indicative)
grafen (first-person present singular subjunctive)
grafes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
grafe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
grafemp (first-person plural present subjunctive)
grafec'h (plural present second-person subjunctive)
grafent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
grafed (impersonal present subjunctive)
grajen (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
grajes (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
graje (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
grajemp (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
grajec'h (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
grajent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
grajed (imperfect impersonal subjunctive)
gra (imperative second-person singular)
graet (imperative singular third-person)
greomp (first-person imperative plural)
grit (imperative plural second-person)
graent (imperative plural third-person)
oc'h ober (first-person participle present second-person singular)
graet (auxiliary verb: kaout) (participle past)
gober (alternative)

Verbal noun from Old Breton oper, from Latin opera (cf. Cornish ober, Welsh gober). Inflected forms in gr- or gwr- are from Proto-Brythonic *gwrėɣɨd, from Proto-Celtic *wregeti, cognate with Welsh gwneud (older forms with initial gwr-) and Cornish gwul (all forms in gwr-).

Gwerzhañ a ran ma zi hiziv.

I sell my house today ("Sell I do my house today").

(auxiliary) used as an auxiliary verb to conjugate any verb


noz

From Middle Breton and Old Breton nos, probably from Proto-Celtic *noxs, from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts. Cognates include Welsh nos and Cornish nos.


heiz

From Proto-Celtic *sasyos (“rye”). Cognate with Welsh haidd (“barley”).


berr

From Proto-Brythonic *bɨrr, from Proto-Celtic *birros.


mestr

head

mestr m (plural mestroù or mistr or mistri)

mestroù (plural)
mistr (plural)
mistri (plural)

From Middle Breton maestr, from Old French maistre, from Latin magister


ket

N'ouzon ket petra eo.


draen

draen f (plural drein, singulative draenenn)

drein (plural)
draenenn (singulative)
draen (singular unmutated)
zraen (mutation-soft singular)
traen (mutation-hard singular)
drein (plural unmutated)
zrein (mutation-soft plural)
trein (mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *draɣen, from Proto-Celtic *dragenā (“sloetree, blackthorn, Prunus spinosa”) (compare Old Irish draigen, modern Irish draighean), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰergʰ- (“blackbush, sloe tree”).

inh

(figurative) snag, hitch, problem, difficulty


korrigan

korriganed (plural)
korrigan (singular unmutated)
gorrigan (mutation-soft singular)
c'horrigan (mutation-aspirate singular)
korriganed (plural unmutated)
gorriganed (mutation-soft plural)
c'horriganed (mutation-aspirate plural)

From korr (“dwarf”) + -ig (diminutive suffix) + -an (hypocoristic suffix)


stumm

From Old Breton *stum (shown in the placename Stumou), from Proto-Celtic *tou(x)sman (“bend, curve”), cognate to Welsh ystum (“gesture, curve”) and Irish tuaim (“tumulus”).


pevar

peder (feminine)
pevar (unmutated)
bevar (mutation-soft)
fevar (mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Celtic *kʷetwores, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.


pemp

pemp (unmutated)
bemp (mutation-soft)
femp (mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Breton and Old Breton pemp, from Proto-Brythonic *pɨmp, from Proto-Celtic *kʷenkʷe, from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe.


seizh

From Proto-Brythonic *seiθ, from Proto-Celtic *sextam, from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥.


eizh

From Proto-Brythonic *üiθ, from Proto-Celtic *oxtū, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.


Karnag

From *karnos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”). Related to Welsh carn.


Kemper

→ French: Quimper

From Middle Breton kemper (“confluent”), from Proto-Celtic *komberos (“confluence”), from *kom- (“with”) + *bereti (“to carry”).

Holonym: Penn-ar-Bed

Quimper (a city, the prefecture of Finistère department, Brittany, France)


Breizh

Breizh (unmutated)
Vreizh (mutation-soft)
Preizh (mutation-hard)

Brittany (a cultural region, historical province, and peninsula in northwest France)

Brittany (an administrative region of northwest France, including most of the historic region of Brittany)


Kerglof

Kergloff (a village and commune of Finistère department, Brittany, France)


Kraozon

Crozon (a town and commune of Finistère department, Brittany, France)


Roazhon

Rennes (the capital city of Ille-et-Vilaine department, France; the capital city of the region of Brittany)


Naoned

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English

Nantes (the prefecture of the department of Loire-Atlantique, France; the capital city of the region of Pays de la Loire, in historical Brittany)


Gwened

Vannes (a town and commune, a prefecture of Morbihan department, Brittany, France)


Montroulez

Morlaix (a town and commune in the north of Finistère department, Brittany, France)


Konk-Kerne

→ French: Concarneau

Holonym: Penn-ar-Bed

Concarneau (a town in Finistère department, Brittany, France)


Rosko

Roscoff (a small town and commune in Finistère department, Brittany, France)


Ploeneg

Plouhinec (a town and commune of Finistère department, Brittany, France)


Kameled

Camaret-sur-Mer (a village and commune of Finistère department, Brittany, France)


Gwener

Gwener (unmutated)
Wener (mutation-soft)
Kwener (mutation-hard)

From Proto-Brythonic *gwener, from Latin Venus. Compare Welsh Gwener, Cornish Gwener.


arar

From Middle Breton arazr, from Proto-Brythonic *aradr, from Proto-Celtic *aratrom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom.


loar

From Old Breton loir, from Proto-Brythonic *lloɨr, from Proto-Celtic *lugrā, from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewk- (“light”). Cognate with Cornish loor and Welsh lloer.


loen

From Middle Breton lozn, from Proto-Celtic *lutno- (“(young) animal”) (compare Welsh llwdn (“young animal”)), from Proto-Indo-European *polH- (“animal young”), ultimately from *peh₂w- (“smallness”), see also Ancient Greek πῶλος (pôlos), English foal, Albanian pelë (“mare”), Old Armenian ուլ (ul, “kid, fawn”)).


oan

From Middle Breton oen, from Proto-Brythonic *oɨn, from Proto-Celtic *ognos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʷnós (“lamb”). Compare Welsh oen, Old Irish úan.

Oan Doue


oan

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

Trist e oan.

first-person singular imperfect of bezañ


died

From Proto-Celtic *dī-āti-s, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck”); compare Old Irish deug and Welsh diod.


teir

From Proto-Celtic *tisres, feminine of *trīs, from Proto-Indo-European *tisres, feminine of *tréyes.


ù

The digraph ⟨où⟩ represents plural endings.


Arzur

a male given name, equivalent to English Arthur


aval

From Proto-Brythonic *aβal, from Proto-Celtic *abūl, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl.


Mae

From Latin maius (compare Cornish Me, Welsh Mai).


konsul

konsul (canonical masculine)
konsuled (canonical)


itron

From Old Breton eltroguen, from Proto-Celtic *altrauonī (compare Welsh elltrewyn (“stepmother; mother-in-law; tutoress; godmother, sponsor of baptized child”), Old Cornish altruan).


aotrou

head

aotrou m (plural aotrounez or aotrouien)

From Middle Breton autrou, from Old Breton altro, from Proto-Brythonic *alltrọw, from Proto-Celtic *altrawū (“foster-uncle”), from *aleti (“to nourish”). Cognate with Welsh alltraw (“godfather”) and Welsh athro (“teacher”).


kalon

kalonoù (plural)
kaloneu (plural)
kalon (singular unmutated)
galon (mutation-soft singular)
c'halon (mutation-aspirate singular)
kalonoù (plural unmutated)
galonoù (mutation-soft plural)
c'halonoù (mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *kalwon, from Proto-Celtic *kalwond- (“heart”). Cognates include Welsh calon and Cornish kolon.


Yann

→ French: Yann

a male given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English John


menez

menezioù (plural)
menez (singular unmutated)
venez (mutation-soft singular)
menezioù (plural unmutated)
venezioù (mutation-soft plural)

From Old Breton monid, from Proto-Brythonic *mönɨð (compare Cornish menydh, Welsh mynydd), from Proto-Celtic *moniyos, from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to tower, stand out”) (compare Latin mōns).


-ien

From Old Breton -ion, -on, Proto-Brythonic *-onos, *-onā. Cognate to Welsh -ion, Cornish -yon.

lenner (“reader”) + -ien → lennerien (“readers”)

mab (“son”) + -ien → mibien (“sons”)

Noun pluralization suffix; sometimes with vocalic ablaut in the pluralized noun


Bastian

a male given name, equivalent to English Bastian


Elzas

Alsace (a cultural region, former administrative region and historical province of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Grand Est)


naer

From Old Breton natr, from Proto-Celtic *natrixs (compare Welsh neidr, Irish nathair), from Proto-Indo-European *nh₁trih₂, from *snéh₁ (“to spin, twist”). Compare Breton nezañ (“to spin yarn”). Related to neudenn (“thread”), nodoez (“needle”) .


Douar an Tan

Calque of Spanish Tierra del Fuego (literally “Land of Fire”).

calque

Tierra del Fuego
Tierra del Fuego#English

Tierra del Fuego (island between Chile and Argentina)

Tierra del Fuego (archipelago between Chile and Argentina)


Republik Dominikan

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English:_Q786

Dominican Republic (a country in the Caribbean)


karvan

karvanioù (plural)
karvan (singular unmutated)
garvan (mutation-soft singular)
c'harvan (mutation-aspirate singular)
karvanioù (plural unmutated)
garvanioù (mutation-soft plural)
c'harvanioù (mutation-aspirate plural)


merc'hig

merc'higoù (plural)
merc'hig (singular unmutated)
verc'hig (mutation-soft singular)
merc'higoù (plural unmutated)
verc'higoù (mutation-soft plural)

diminutive of merc'h (“daughter; girl, maiden”)


plac'hig

plac'higed (plural)
plac'hig (singular unmutated)
blac'hig (mutation-soft singular)
flac'hig (mutation-aspirate singular)
plac'higed (plural unmutated)
blac'higed (mutation-soft plural)
flac'higed (mutation-aspirate plural)


plac'h

plac'hed (plural)
plac'h (singular unmutated)
blac'h (mutation-soft singular)
flac'h (mutation-aspirate singular)
plac'hed (plural unmutated)
blac'hed (mutation-soft plural)
flac'hed (mutation-aspirate plural)

placʼh tiegezh


merc'h

merc’h (canonical feminine)
merc’hed (plural)
merc'h (singular unmutated)
verc'h (mutation-soft singular)
merc'hed (plural unmutated)
verc'hed (mutation-soft plural)

From Proto-Celtic *merkā (“daughter”) (compare Welsh merch, Cornish mergh).


merc'h

merc’h (canonical masculine plural)
marc'h (singular unmutated)
varc'h (mutation-soft singular)
merc'h (plural unmutated)
verc'h (mutation-soft plural)


nevez

From Proto-Brythonic *nöwɨð (compare Welsh newydd), from Proto-Celtic *nowiyos (compare Old Irish núa), from Proto-Indo-European *néwos.


markiz

markizien (plural)
markiz (singular unmutated)
varkiz (mutation-soft singular)
markizien (plural unmutated)
varkizien (mutation-soft plural)


-ek

douar (“earth”) + -ek → douarek (“earthy, earthly”)

dour (“water”) + -ek → dourek (“watery, humid”)

houarn (“iron”) + -ek → houarnek (“ferrous”)


belo

beloioù (plural)
belo (singular unmutated)
velo (mutation-soft singular)
pelo (mutation-hard singular)
beloioù (plural unmutated)
veloioù (mutation-soft plural)
peloioù (mutation-hard plural)


Primel

French: Primel


kristen

head

kristen m (plural kristenien or kristenion)

kristenien (plural)
kristenion (plural)
kristen (singular unmutated)
gristen (mutation-soft singular)
c'hristen (mutation-aspirate singular)
kristenien (plural unmutated)
gristenien (mutation-soft plural)
c'hristenien (mutation-aspirate plural)


stêr

From Old Breton staer, from Proto-Celtic *stagrā, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂g- (“to seep, drip”) (compare Latin stāgnum (“pond, pool”), Ancient Greek στάζω (stázō, “to drip”)).


penn

pennoù (plural)
penn (singular unmutated)
benn (mutation-soft singular)
fenn (mutation-aspirate singular)
pennoù (plural unmutated)
bennoù (mutation-soft plural)
fennoù (mutation-aspirate plural)

From Middle Breton penn, from Old Breton penn, from Proto-Brythonic *penn, from Proto-Celtic *kʷennom.


beure

From Middle Breton beure, from Proto-Brythonic *bọreɣ, from Proto-Celtic *bāregos (“morning”). Compare Cornish and Welsh bore (“morning”), Old Irish bárach, whence i mbárach (“tomorrow”), modern Irish amárach.


kiez

kiezed (plural)
kiez (singular unmutated)
giez (mutation-soft singular)
c'hiez (mutation-aspirate singular)
kiezed (plural unmutated)
giezed (mutation-soft plural)
c'hiezed (mutation-aspirate plural)


gwan

From Old Breton guenion pl, from Proto-Celtic *wasnos. Cognate with Old Cornish guan, Welsh gwan, and Old Irish fann (Irish fann).


Mor Breizh

English Channel (The part of the Atlantic Ocean between Great Britain and France)


merc'hetaer

merc'hetaerien (plural)
merc'hetaer (singular unmutated)
verc'hetaer (mutation-soft singular)
merc'hetaerien (plural unmutated)
verc'hetaerien (mutation-soft plural)


maer

maered (plural)
maer (singular unmutated)
vaer (mutation-soft singular)
maered (plural unmutated)
vaered (mutation-soft plural)

From Old Breton mair, from Proto-Brythonic *maɨr, from Latin maior (“greater”). Cognate with Old Cornish mair, Old Welsh mair, Welsh maer, Middle Irish máer, Irish maor.


treiñ

treiñ (unmutated)
dreiñ (mutation-soft)
zreiñ (mutation-aspirate)
troan (first-person indicative present singular)
troez (indicative present second-person singular)
tro (indicative present singular third-person)
troomp (first-person indicative plural present)
troit (indicative plural present second-person)
troont (indicative plural present third-person)
troer (impersonal indicative present)
trois (first-person indicative preterite singular)
trojout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
troas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
trojomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
trojoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
trojont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
trojod (impersonal indicative preterite)
troen (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
troes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
troe (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
troemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
troec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
troent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
troed (imperfect impersonal indicative)
troin (first-person future indicative singular)
troi (future indicative second-person singular)
troo (future indicative singular third-person)
troimp (first-person future indicative plural)
troot (future indicative plural second-person)
troint (future indicative plural third-person)
troor (future impersonal indicative)
trofen (first-person present singular subjunctive)
trofes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
trofe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
trofemp (first-person plural present subjunctive)
trofec'h (plural present second-person subjunctive)
trofent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
trofed (impersonal present subjunctive)
trojen (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
trojes (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
troje (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
trojemp (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
trojec'h (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
trojent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
trojed (imperfect impersonal subjunctive)
tro (imperative second-person singular)
troet (imperative singular third-person)
troomp (first-person imperative plural)
troit (imperative plural second-person)
troent (imperative plural third-person)
o treiñ (first-person participle present second-person singular)
troet (auxiliary verb: kaout) (participle past)
troiñ (alternative)

From Old Breton troim; tro + -iñ. Attested in the Catholicon as treiff. Compare Welsh troi and Cornish trelya.

Skrivit ar ger da dreiñ


uhel

From Middle Breton uhel, from Old Breton uchel, from Proto-Brythonic *ʉxel, from Proto-Celtic *ouxselos.


niver

From Proto-Brythonic *niβ̃er, from Latin numerus.


Persefone

Persefone (unmutated)
Bersefone (mutation-soft)
Fersefone (mutation-aspirate)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Περσεφόνη (Persephónē).


lizherenn

From lizher (“letter, missive”) + -enn (compare Welsh llythyren).


maout

meot (plural)
maout (singular unmutated)
vaout (mutation-soft singular)
meot (plural unmutated)
veot (mutation-soft plural)

From Proto-Celtic *moltos (“sheep”) (compare Welsh mollt (“wether”), Old Irish molt (“ram, wether”)).


gwelet

gwelet (unmutated)
welet (mutation-soft)
kwelet (mutation-hard)
welet (mixed)
gwelan (first-person indicative present singular)
gwelez (indicative present second-person singular)
gwel (indicative present singular third-person)
gwelomp (first-person indicative plural present)
gwelit (indicative plural present second-person)
gwelont (indicative plural present third-person)
gweler (impersonal indicative present)
gwelis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
gweljout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
gwelas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
gweljomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
gweljoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
gweljont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
gweljod (impersonal indicative preterite)
gwelen (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
gweles (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
gwele (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
gwelemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
gwelec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
gwelent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
gweled (imperfect impersonal indicative)
gwelin (first-person future indicative singular)
gweli (future indicative second-person singular)
gwelo (future indicative singular third-person)
gwelimp (first-person future indicative plural)
gwelot (future indicative plural second-person)
gwelint (future indicative plural third-person)
gwelor (future impersonal indicative)
gwelfen (first-person present singular subjunctive)
gwelfes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
gwelfe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
gwelfemp (first-person plural present subjunctive)
gwelfec'h (plural present second-person subjunctive)
gwelfent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
gwelfed (impersonal present subjunctive)
gweljen (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
gweljes (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
gwelje (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
gweljemp (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
gweljec'h (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
gweljent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
gweljed (imperfect impersonal subjunctive)
gwel (imperative second-person singular)
gwelet (imperative singular third-person)
gwelomp (first-person imperative plural)
gwelit (imperative plural second-person)
gwelent (imperative plural third-person)
o welet (first-person participle present second-person singular)
gwelet (auxiliary verb: kaout) (participle past)
gwelout (alternative)

From Middle Breton guelet, from Old Breton guilinn, from Proto-Brythonic *gwelɨd, from Proto-Celtic *weleti (“to see, observe”). Cognate with Cornish gweles and Welsh gweld.

(intransitive, followed by war) to keep an eye on, watch


mab

mibien (plural)
mab (singular unmutated)
vab (mutation-soft singular)
mibien (plural unmutated)
vibien (mutation-soft plural)

From Middle Breton mab, from Old Breton map, from Proto-Brythonic *mab, from Proto-Celtic *makʷos.


amann

→⇒ English: kouign-amann

→⇒ French: kouign-amann

From amanenn, from Middle Breton amanen, derived from Proto-Celtic *amban (compare Cornish amanyn, Welsh ymenyn, Old Irish imb), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃éngʷn̥.


amzer

From Proto-Brythonic *amser, from Proto-Celtic *amsterā (“time, moment”). Cognate with Welsh amser, Irish aimsir.

An amzer zo brav hiziv.


skrivañ

skrivan (first-person indicative present singular)
skrivez (indicative present second-person singular)
skriv (indicative present singular third-person)
skrivomp (first-person indicative plural present)
skrivit (indicative plural present second-person)
skrivont (indicative plural present third-person)
skriver (impersonal indicative present)
skrivis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
skrivjout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
skrivas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
skrivjomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
skrivjoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
skrivjont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
skrivjod (impersonal indicative preterite)
skriven (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
skrives (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
skrive (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
skrivemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
skrivec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
skrivent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
skrived (imperfect impersonal indicative)
skrivin (first-person future indicative singular)
skrivi (future indicative second-person singular)
skrivo (future indicative singular third-person)
skrivimp (first-person future indicative plural)
skrivot (future indicative plural second-person)
skrivint (future indicative plural third-person)
skrivor (future impersonal indicative)
skrivfen (first-person present singular subjunctive)
skrivfes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
skrivfe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
skrivfemp (first-person plural present subjunctive)
skrivfec'h (plural present second-person subjunctive)
skrivfent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
skrivfed (impersonal present subjunctive)
skrivjen (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
skrivjes (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
skrivje (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
skrivjemp (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
skrivjec'h (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
skrivjent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
skrivjed (imperfect impersonal subjunctive)
skriv (imperative second-person singular)
skrivet (imperative singular third-person)
skrivomp (first-person imperative plural)
skrivit (imperative plural second-person)
skrivent (imperative plural third-person)
o skrivañ (first-person participle present second-person singular)
skrivet (auxiliary verb: kaout) (participle past)

From Proto-Brythonic *skriβenn, from Latin scrībendum, gerund of scrībō (“to write”). Compare Cornish skriva, Welsh ysgrifennu and Irish scríobh.


brezhoneg

brezhoneg (unmutated)
vrezhoneg (mutation-soft)
prezhoneg (mutation-hard)
brezoneg (alternative)

/bʁəˈzɔ̃ːnɛk/

/bʁəˈzɔ̃ːnək/


kembraeg

kembraeg (unmutated)
gembraeg (mutation-soft)
c'hembraeg (mutation-aspirate)


teod

teodoù (plural)
teod (singular unmutated)
deod (mutation-soft singular)
zeod (mutation-aspirate singular)
teodoù (plural unmutated)
deodoù (mutation-soft plural)
zeodoù (mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Celtic *tangʷāss (compare Welsh tafod, Irish teanga), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue, speech, language”).


yezh

From Middle Breton yez, from Proto-Brythonic *jeiθ (“language”), from Proto-Celtic *yextis (“language”).


kozh

kozh (unmutated)
gozh (mutation-soft)
c'hozh (mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Breton coz, from Old Breton coth, from Proto-Celtic *kottos. Cognate with Cornish koth.

Ar Gelted kozh

Bro Gozh ma Zadoù


bevañ

bevan (first-person indicative present singular)
bevez (indicative present second-person singular)
bev (indicative present singular third-person)
bevomp (first-person indicative plural present)
bevit (indicative plural present second-person)
bevont (indicative plural present third-person)
bever (impersonal indicative present)
bevis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
bevjout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
bevas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
bevjomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
bevjoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
bevjont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
bevjod (impersonal indicative preterite)
beven (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
beves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
beve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
bevemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
bevec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
bevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
beved (imperfect impersonal indicative)
bevin (first-person future indicative singular)
bevi (future indicative second-person singular)
bevo (future indicative singular third-person)
bevimp (first-person future indicative plural)
bevot (future indicative plural second-person)
bevint (future indicative plural third-person)
bevor (future impersonal indicative)
bevfen (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bevfes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bevfe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
bevfemp (first-person plural present subjunctive)
bevfec'h (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bevfent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
bevfed (impersonal present subjunctive)
bevjen (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
bevjes (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
bevje (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
bevjemp (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
bevjec'h (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
bevjent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
bevjed (imperfect impersonal subjunctive)
bev (imperative second-person singular)
bevet (imperative singular third-person)
bevomp (first-person imperative plural)
bevit (imperative plural second-person)
bevent (imperative plural third-person)
o vevañ (first-person participle present second-person singular)
bevet (auxiliary verb: bezañ or kaout) (participle past)
bevañ (unmutated)
vevañ (mutation-soft)
pevañ (mutation-hard)
vevañ (mixed)

From Proto-Celtic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”). Compare Cornish bewa, Welsh byw, Scottish Gaelic bi.


amañ

From Middle Breton aman, from Old Breton amma, from Proto-Celtic *uman, see also Cornish omma, Welsh yma.


breur

breudeur (plural)
breur (singular unmutated)
vreur (mutation-soft singular)
preur (mutation-hard singular)
breudeur (plural unmutated)
vreudeur (mutation-soft plural)
preudeur (mutation-hard plural)

From Middle Breton breuzr, from Old Breton brotr, from Proto-Brythonic *brọdr, from Proto-Celtic *brātīr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.


gwir

From Old Breton guir, from Proto-Brythonic *gwir, from Proto-Celtic *wīros, from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁ros.


gwir

gwirioù (plural)
gwir (singular unmutated)
wir (mutation-soft singular)
kwir (mutation-hard singular)
gwirioù (plural unmutated)
wirioù (mutation-soft plural)
kwirioù (mutation-hard plural)

Hon gwirioù


bezañ

bezañ (unmutated)
vezañ (mutation-soft)
pezañ (mutation-hard)
vezañ (mixed)
on (first-person indicative present singular)
emaon (first-person indicative present singular)
bin (first-person future indicative singular)
bezin (first-person future indicative singular)
oan (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
edon (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
boen (first-person indicative preterite singular)
bezan (first-person indicative present singular)
bezen (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
befen (conditional first-person present singular)
ben (conditional first-person present singular)
bijen (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
out (indicative present second-person singular)
emaout (indicative present second-person singular)
bi (future indicative second-person singular)
bezi (future indicative second-person singular)
oas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
edos (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
boes (indicative preterite second-person singular)
bezez (indicative present second-person singular)
bezes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
befes (conditional present second-person singular)
bes (conditional present second-person singular)
bijes (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
bez (imperative second-person singular)
zo (indicative present singular third-person)
eo (indicative present singular third-person)
eus (indicative present singular third-person)
emañ (indicative present singular third-person)
bo (future indicative singular third-person)
bezo (future indicative singular third-person)
oa (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
edo (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
boe (indicative preterite singular third-person)
bez (indicative present singular third-person)
beze (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
befe (conditional present singular third-person)
be (conditional present singular third-person)
bije (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
bezet (imperative singular third-person)
omp (first-person indicative plural present)
emaomp (first-person indicative plural present)
bimp (first-person future indicative plural)
bezimp (first-person future indicative plural)
oamp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
edomp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
boemp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
bezomp (first-person indicative plural present)
bezemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
befemp (conditional first-person plural present)
bemp (conditional first-person plural present)
bijemp (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
bezomp (first-person imperative plural)
oc'h (indicative plural present second-person)
emaoc'h (indicative plural present second-person)
biot (future indicative plural second-person)
oac'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
edoc'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
boec'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
bezit (indicative plural present second-person)
bezec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
befec'h (conditional plural present second-person)
bec'h (conditional plural present second-person)
bijec'h (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
bezit (imperative plural second-person)
int (indicative plural present third-person)
emaint (indicative plural present third-person)
bent (future indicative plural third-person)
bezint (future indicative plural third-person)
oant (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
edont (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
boent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
bezont (indicative plural present third-person)
bezent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
befent (conditional plural present third-person)
bent (conditional plural present third-person)
bijent (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
bezent (imperative plural third-person)
oar (impersonal indicative present)
eur (impersonal indicative present)
emeur (impersonal indicative present)
bior (future impersonal indicative)
oad (imperfect impersonal indicative)
edod (imperfect impersonal indicative)
boed (impersonal indicative preterite)
bezer (impersonal indicative present)
bezed (imperfect impersonal indicative)
befed (conditional impersonal present)
bijed (conditional imperfect impersonal)
bezañ (infinitive)
bout (infinitive)
older bout (infinitive)
bezout (infinitive)
Present participle: o vezañ (infinitive)

From Old Breton bout, bud, but, from Proto-Celtic *butā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to be, become”). Cognate with Cornish bos and Welsh bod.


debriñ

debriñ (unmutated)
zebriñ (mutation-soft)
tebriñ (mutation-hard)
tebriñ (mixed)
debran (first-person indicative present singular)
debrez (indicative present second-person singular)
debr (indicative present singular third-person)
debromp (first-person indicative plural present)
debrit (indicative plural present second-person)
debront (indicative plural present third-person)
debrer (impersonal indicative present)
debris (first-person indicative preterite singular)
debrjout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
debras (indicative preterite singular third-person)
debrjomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
debrjoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
debrjont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
debrjod (impersonal indicative preterite)
debren (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
debres (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
debre (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
debremp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
debrec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
debrent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
debred (imperfect impersonal indicative)
debrin (first-person future indicative singular)
debri (future indicative second-person singular)
debro (future indicative singular third-person)
debrimp (first-person future indicative plural)
debrot (future indicative plural second-person)
debrint (future indicative plural third-person)
debror (future impersonal indicative)
debrfen (first-person present singular subjunctive)
debrfes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
debrfe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
debrfemp (first-person plural present subjunctive)
debrfec'h (plural present second-person subjunctive)
debrfent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
debrfed (impersonal present subjunctive)
debrjen (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
debrjes (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
debrje (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
debrjemp (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
debrjec'h (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
debrjent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
debrjed (imperfect impersonal subjunctive)
debr (imperative second-person singular)
debret (imperative singular third-person)
debromp (first-person imperative plural)
debrit (imperative plural second-person)
debrent (imperative plural third-person)
o tebriñ (first-person participle present second-person singular)
debret (auxiliary verb: kaout) (participle past)

Cognates include Cornish debry. See Proto-Celtic *dekʷro- for discussion.


paotr

paotr (singular unmutated)
baotr (mutation-soft singular)
faotr (mutation-aspirate singular)
paotred (plural unmutated)
baotred (mutation-soft plural)
faotred (mutation-aspirate plural)

Loaned through French from a Germanic language, probably Middle Low German, and from the same ultimate source as English paltry (“small, meager, ragged”).


anv

From Middle Breton hanu, from Old Breton anu, from Proto-Brythonic *anw, from Proto-Celtic *anman, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥.


bemdez

From the historical pronoun *beu- (see Welsh pob (“each, every”) and obeutu (“about”)) + deiz (“day”). Corresponds to Welsh beunydd (“daily”).


gwelout

gwelout (unmutated)
welout (mutation-soft)
kwelout (mutation-hard)
welout (mixed)
gwelan (first-person indicative present singular)
gwelez (indicative present second-person singular)
gwel (indicative present singular third-person)
gwelomp (first-person indicative plural present)
gwelit (indicative plural present second-person)
gwelont (indicative plural present third-person)
gweler (impersonal indicative present)
gwelis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
gweljout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
gwelas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
gweljomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
gweljoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
gweljont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
gweljod (impersonal indicative preterite)
gwelen (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
gweles (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
gwele (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
gwelemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
gwelec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
gwelent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
gweled (imperfect impersonal indicative)
gwelin (first-person future indicative singular)
gweli (future indicative second-person singular)
gwelo (future indicative singular third-person)
gwelimp (first-person future indicative plural)
gwelot (future indicative plural second-person)
gwelint (future indicative plural third-person)
gwelor (future impersonal indicative)
gwelfen (first-person present singular subjunctive)
gwelfes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
gwelfe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
gwelfemp (first-person plural present subjunctive)
gwelfec'h (plural present second-person subjunctive)
gwelfent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
gwelfed (impersonal present subjunctive)
gweljen (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
gweljes (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
gwelje (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
gweljemp (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
gweljec'h (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
gweljent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
gweljed (imperfect impersonal subjunctive)
gwel (imperative second-person singular)
gwelet (imperative singular third-person)
gwelomp (first-person imperative plural)
gwelit (imperative plural second-person)
gwelent (imperative plural third-person)
o welout (first-person participle present second-person singular)
gwelet (auxiliary verb: kaout) (participle past)


gouel

gouelioù (plural)
gouel (singular unmutated)
c'houel (mutation-soft singular)
kouel (mutation-hard singular)
gouelioù (plural unmutated)
c'houelioù (mutation-soft plural)
kouelioù (mutation-hard plural)

From Latin vigilia. Compare Cornish gool, Welsh gŵyl.


bloaz

bloaz (singular unmutated)
vloaz (mutation-soft singular)
ploaz (mutation-hard singular)
bloazioù (plural unmutated)
vloazioù (mutation-soft plural)
ploazioù (mutation-hard plural)
blé (alternative)

From Proto-Celtic *bleidanī, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰloyd- (“pale”), though the semantic connection is weak. See also Lithuanian blai̇̃vas (“whitish, blue, sober”), Proto-West Germanic *blait, Albanian blehurë.
Celtic cognates include Welsh blwydd, blwyddyn, Old Breton blened, Cornish bloodh, Old Irish blíadain.


kelenner

kelennerien (plural)
kelenner (singular unmutated)
gelenner (mutation-soft singular)
c'helenner (mutation-aspirate singular)
kelennerien (plural unmutated)
gelennerien (mutation-soft plural)
c'helennerien (mutation-aspirate plural)


kelennerez

kelennerezed (plural)
kelennerez (singular unmutated)
gelennerez (mutation-soft singular)
c'helennerez (mutation-aspirate singular)
kelennerezed (plural unmutated)
gelennerezed (mutation-soft plural)
c'helennerezed (mutation-aspirate plural)

From kelenner (“teacher”) + -ez (“female”).


kêr

kêrioù (plural)
kêr (singular unmutated)
gêr (mutation-soft singular)
c'hêr (mutation-aspirate singular)
kêrioù (plural unmutated)
gêrioù (mutation-soft plural)
c'hêrioù (mutation-aspirate plural)

From Middle Breton kaer, from Old Breton caer, from Proto-Brythonic *kaɨr (“fort, fortified town”) (compare Cornish ker, Welsh caer), from Proto-Celtic *kagros (“fort”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kagʰ- (“take, seize”). Related to kae (“fence, hedge”).


kentañ

kentañ (unmutated)
gentañ (mutation-soft)
never occurs (mutation-aspirate)
never occurs (mutation-hard)

From Proto-Brythonic *kɨnthaβ̃, from Proto-Celtic *kentusamos.


deskiñ

o teskiñ (mutated)
deskiñ (unmutated)
zeskiñ (mutation-soft)
teskiñ (mutation-hard)
teskiñ (mixed)
deskan (first-person indicative present singular)
deskez (indicative present second-person singular)
desk (indicative present singular third-person)
deskomp (first-person indicative plural present)
deskit (indicative plural present second-person)
deskont (indicative plural present third-person)
desker (impersonal indicative present)
deskis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
deskjout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
deskas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
deskjomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
deskjoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
deskjont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
deskjod (impersonal indicative preterite)
desken (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
deskes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
deske (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
deskemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
deskec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
deskent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
desked (imperfect impersonal indicative)
deskin (first-person future indicative singular)
deski (future indicative second-person singular)
desko (future indicative singular third-person)
deskimp (first-person future indicative plural)
deskot (future indicative plural second-person)
deskint (future indicative plural third-person)
deskor (future impersonal indicative)
deskfen (first-person present singular subjunctive)
deskfes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
deskfe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
deskfemp (first-person plural present subjunctive)
deskfec'h (plural present second-person subjunctive)
deskfent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
deskfed (impersonal present subjunctive)
deskjen (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
deskjes (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
deskje (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
deskjemp (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
deskjec'h (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
deskjent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
deskjed (imperfect impersonal subjunctive)
desk (imperative second-person singular)
desket (imperative singular third-person)
deskomp (first-person imperative plural)
deskit (imperative plural second-person)
deskent (imperative plural third-person)
o teskiñ (first-person participle present second-person singular)
desket (auxiliary verb: kaout) (participle past)
deskein (alternative)
diskiñ (alternative)

From Proto-Brythonic [Term?], borrowed via Vulgar Latin from Latin discō (“I learn”). Cognate with Welsh dysgu and Cornish dyski, from the same origin.


skuizh

From Middle Breton scuyz, from Proto-Celtic *skītos (“tired”). Cognate with Scottish Gaelic sgìth (“tired”).


evañ

evan (first-person indicative present singular)
evez (indicative present second-person singular)
ev (indicative present singular third-person)
evomp (first-person indicative plural present)
evit (indicative plural present second-person)
evont (indicative plural present third-person)
ever (impersonal indicative present)
evis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
evjout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
evas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
evjomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
evjoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
evjont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
evjod (impersonal indicative preterite)
even (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
eves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
eve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
evemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
evec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
event (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
eved (imperfect impersonal indicative)
evin (first-person future indicative singular)
evi (future indicative second-person singular)
evo (future indicative singular third-person)
evimp (first-person future indicative plural)
evot (future indicative plural second-person)
evint (future indicative plural third-person)
evor (future impersonal indicative)
evfen (first-person present singular subjunctive)
evfes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
evfe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
evfemp (first-person plural present subjunctive)
evfec'h (plural present second-person subjunctive)
evfent (plural present subjunctive third-person)
evfed (impersonal present subjunctive)
evjen (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
evjes (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
evje (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
evjemp (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
evjec'h (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
evjent (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
evjed (imperfect impersonal subjunctive)
ev (imperative second-person singular)
evet (imperative singular third-person)
evomp (first-person imperative plural)
evit (imperative plural second-person)
event (imperative plural third-person)
oc'h evañ (first-person participle present second-person singular)
evet (auxiliary verb: kaout) (participle past)

From Old Breton evaff (in the Catholicon), from Proto-Brythonic *ɨβɨd, from Proto-Celtic *ɸibeti, from *pi-ph₃-, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₃-. Compare Cornish eva and Welsh yfed, Old Irish ibid.


poltred

poltredoù (plural)
poltred (singular unmutated)
boltred (mutation-soft singular)
foltred (mutation-aspirate singular)
poltredoù (plural unmutated)
boltredoù (mutation-soft plural)
foltredoù (mutation-aspirate plural)


kinnig

From Proto-Brythonic *kunnigɨd, borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin condīcō (“I talk something over together, agree to/upon, concert, promise; I proclaim, announce, publish”) (compare Welsh cynnig, Cornish kynnik).


kinnig

kinnigoù (plural)
kinnig (singular unmutated)
ginnig (mutation-soft singular)
c'hinnig (mutation-aspirate singular)
kinnigoù (plural unmutated)
ginnigoù (mutation-soft plural)
c'hinnigoù (mutation-aspirate plural)


evel

eveldon (first-person singular)
eveldomp (first-person plural)
eveldout (second-person singular)
eveldoc'h (plural second-person)
eveltañ (masculine singular third-person)
evelto (masculine plural third-person)
evelti (feminine singular third-person)
evelto (feminine plural third-person)
eveldor (impersonal)

From Proto-Brythonic *haβ̃al, itself from Proto-Celtic *samalis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). Cognate with Welsh fel.


dogan

doganed (plural)
dogan (singular unmutated)
zogan (mutation-soft singular)
togan (mutation-hard singular)
doganed (plural unmutated)
zoganed (mutation-soft plural)
toganed (mutation-hard plural)


aven

From Middle Breton avon, from Proto-Brythonic *aβon (“river”).


trede

An trede den

An trede gwech


trede

An trede


Hypnos

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ὕπνος (Húpnos).


Perzefona

Perzefona (unmutated)
Berzefona (mutation-soft)
Ferzefona (mutation-aspirate)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Περσεφόνη (Persephónē).


leti

From Proto-Brythonic *llettɨɣ (compare Welsh llety).


goañv

goañvoù (plural)
goañv (singular unmutated)
c'hoañv (mutation-soft singular)
koañv (mutation-hard singular)
goañvoù (plural unmutated)
c'hoañvoù (mutation-soft plural)
koañvoù (mutation-hard plural)

From Middle Breton gouaff, from Old Breton guoiam, guiam, from Proto-Celtic *gyemos (compare Welsh gaeaf, Cornish gwav, Old Irish gaim), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰyem- (compare Latin hiems).


distagadur

distagadurioù (plural)
distagadur (singular unmutated)
zistagadur (mutation-soft singular)
tistagadur (mutation-hard singular)
distagadurioù (plural unmutated)
zistagadurioù (mutation-soft plural)
tistagadurioù (mutation-hard plural)


banniel

bannieloù (plural)
banniel (singular unmutated)
vanniel (mutation-soft singular)
panniel (mutation-hard singular)
bannieloù (plural unmutated)
vannieloù (mutation-soft plural)
pannieloù (mutation-hard plural)


piv

From Proto-Brythonic *puɨ, from Proto-Celtic *kʷei (compare Welsh pwy, Cornish piw), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís.
`

Piv eo?


bihan

bihan (unmutated)
vihan (mutation-soft)
never occurs (mutation-aspirate)
never occurs (mutation-hard)
bihanoc'h (comparative unmutated)
vihanoc'h (comparative mutation-soft)
never occurs (comparative mutation-aspirate)
never occurs (comparative mutation-hard)
bihanañ (superlative unmutated)
vihanañ (mutation-soft superlative)
pihanañ (mutation-hard superlative)

From Middle Breton bihan, from Proto-Brythonic *bɨx. Cognate with Welsh bychan


kuzul

kuzulioù (plural)
kuzul (singular unmutated)
guzul (mutation-soft singular)
c'huzul (mutation-aspirate singular)
kuzulioù (plural unmutated)
guzulioù (mutation-soft plural)
c'huzulioù (mutation-aspirate plural)

Kuzul Sevenadurel Breizh


mamm

mammoù (plural)
mamm (singular unmutated)
vamm (mutation-soft singular)
mammoù (plural unmutated)
vammoù (mutation-soft plural)


divyezhek

divyezhek (unmutated)
zivyezhek (mutation-soft)
never occurs (mutation-aspirate)
never occurs (mutation-hard)

From div- (“two”) + yezh (“language”) + -ek.

ur skol divyezhek


divyezhegezh

divyezhegezh (unmutated)
zivyezhegezh (mutation-soft)
tivyezhegezh (mutation-hard)


amzer-da-zont

amzer ("time") + da ("to") + zont (mutation of dont, "to come")