vi

From Proto-Celtic *āwyom (compare Welsh wy, Cornish oy), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm (“egg”).


bank

Ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *banki.


balan

head

balan ? (collective, singulative balanenn)


person

personed (plural)
person (mutation singular unmutated)
berson (mutation mutation-soft singular)
ferson (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
personed (mutation plural unmutated)
bersoned (mutation mutation-soft plural)
fersoned (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


tan

tanioù (plural)
tan (mutation singular unmutated)
dan (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zan (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
tanioù (mutation plural unmutated)
danioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zanioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Middle Breton tan, from Old Breton tan, from Proto-Brythonic *tan, from Proto-Celtic *teɸnets (“fire”) (compare Old Irish teine, Welsh tân).


del

From Proto-Brythonic *döl (whence also Welsh dail), from Proto-Celtic *dolyā. Cognate with Middle Irish duille, from Old Irish duilne, from a variant form *dolnyā; both are from Proto-Indo-European *dʰelh₁- (“blossom”), whence also Ancient Greek θάλλω (thállō, “to bloom”), Old English dile (“dill”), and Old Armenian դալար (dalar, “green, fresh”).


bran

brini (plural)
bran (mutation singular unmutated)
vran (mutation mutation-soft singular)
pran (mutation mutation-hard singular)
brini (mutation plural unmutated)
vrini (mutation mutation-soft plural)
prini (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *bran, from Proto-Celtic *branos, from Proto-Indo-European *werneh₂- (“crow”).
Compare Tocharian B wrauña, Lithuanian várna.


had

From Proto-Brythonic *had, from Proto-Celtic *satos, from *sh₁-tó-, past participle of Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow”). Cognate with English seed.


bed

bedoù (plural)
bed (mutation singular unmutated)
ved (mutation mutation-soft singular)
ped (mutation mutation-hard singular)
bedoù (mutation plural unmutated)
vedoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
pedoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *bɨd, from Proto-Celtic *bitus. Cognates include Welsh byd and Cornish bys.


lost

Cognate with Welsh llost, Cornish lost, Gaulish losto-, from Proto-Celtic *lustā, from Proto-Indo-European *lew- (“to divide, split”), possibly related to Old Norse ljósta (“to strike”), Proto-Germanic *leustaną.

der

Ha ma lost bras 'zo bet troc'het

And my big penis was cut off (from a Breton bawdy song)


rod

From Proto-Brythonic *rrod, from Proto-Celtic *rotos, from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂os.


sell

From Proto-Celtic *stillom, cognate to Welsh syll and Old Irish sell.


broad

broiz (plural)
broad (mutation singular unmutated)
vroad (mutation mutation-soft singular)
proad (mutation mutation-hard singular)
broiz (mutation plural unmutated)
vroiz (mutation mutation-soft plural)
proiz (mutation mutation-hard plural)


broad

broadoù (plural)
broad (mutation singular unmutated)
vroad (mutation mutation-soft singular)
proad (mutation mutation-hard singular)
broadoù (mutation plural unmutated)
vroadoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
proadoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)


bag

Probably tied to Old French bac (“flat boat”), itself of obscure origin, although compare Vulgar Latin *baccinum (“wide bowl”).

unk

obscure


neutron

head

neutron m (collective, plural neutronennoù, singulative neutronenn)

neutronennoù (plural)
neutronenn (singulative)


du

du (mutation singular unmutated)
zu (mutation mutation-soft singular)
tu (mutation mutation-hard singular)

From Proto-Brythonic *duβ, from Proto-Celtic *dubus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.


proton

proton m (collective, plural protonennoù, singulative protonenn)

protonennoù (plural)
protonenn (singulative)


metal

metaloù (plural)
metal (mutation singular unmutated)
vetal (mutation mutation-soft singular)
metaloù (mutation plural unmutated)
vetaloù (mutation mutation-soft plural)


fri

Cognate with Cornish frig (“nostril”); perhaps related to Proto-Celtic *srognā (compare Welsh ffroen (“nostril”), Old Irish srón (“nose”)).


atom

atom m (collective, plural atomennoù, singulative atomenn)

atomennoù (plural)
atomenn (singulative)


ni

From Proto-Brythonic *nei, from Proto-Celtic *neɸūss, from Proto-Indo-European *népōts.


tu

From Proto-Brythonic *tʉβ, from Proto-Celtic *toibos, whence also Old Irish tóeb and Irish taobh. Cognate with Welsh tu, Cornish tu.


ti

From Proto-Brythonic *tɨɣ, from Proto-Celtic *tegos, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg-.


bont

bontoù (plural)
bont (mutation singular unmutated)
vont (mutation mutation-soft singular)
pont (mutation mutation-hard singular)
bontoù (mutation plural unmutated)
vontoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
pontoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)


gast

gisti (plural)
gast (mutation singular unmutated)
c'hast (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kast (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gisti (mutation plural unmutated)
c'histi (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kisti (mutation mutation-hard plural)

Cognate with Cornish gest, Welsh gast, and Middle Irish gast (a loanword from Brythonic).


glad

gladoù (plural)
glad (mutation singular unmutated)
c'hlad (mutation mutation-soft singular)
klad (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gladoù (mutation plural unmutated)
c'hladoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kladoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Middle Breton gloat (“kingdom, wealth”), from Proto-Brythonic *gwlad, from Proto-Celtic *wlatis (“sovereignty”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wélh₁tis ~ *h₂wl̥h₁téy-, from the root *h₂welh₁-.


aber

→ French: aber


gar

divc’har (dual)
garoù (plural)
gar (mutation singular unmutated)
c'har (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kar (mutation mutation-hard singular)
garoù (mutation plural unmutated)
c'haroù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
karoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Middle Breton garr, from Proto-Brythonic *garr, from Proto-Celtic *garros.


gar

kar (mutation singular unmutated)
gar (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'har (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kerent (mutation plural unmutated)
gerent (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'herent (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


kon

ki (mutation singular unmutated)
gi (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hi (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kon (mutation plural unmutated)
gon (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hon (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


per

From Middle Breton per, from Proto-Brythonic *per, a borrowing from Latin pira, plural of pirum. Cognate with Cornish per, Welsh pêr.


per

From Proto-Celtic *kʷaryos. Compare Cornish per, Welsh pair.


tor

From Middle Breton torr, teur, from Old Breton tar, from Proto-Celtic *torr-V- (“belly”), of uncertain origin; according to Matasovic, of non-Indo-European origin, but according to MacBain, from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to turn, rub”), cognate with Proto-Germanic *þarmaz (“guts, intestines”), Ancient Greek τάμισος (támisos, “rennet”).


tor

tor (mutation singular unmutated)
dor (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zor (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
torioù (mutation plural unmutated)
dorioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zorioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


den

From Proto-Brythonic *dün, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰom-yo- (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”).


bier

From Dutch bier, from Middle Dutch bier, from Old Dutch bier, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ (“beer”).


aer

Borrowed from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr).


abad

Inherited from Proto-Brythonic *abad, from Ecclesiastical Latin abbās, from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אַבָּא (’abbā, “father”).


boue

From Middle English buie, from Middle Dutch boeye, of Germanic origin, from Old Dutch *bōcan, from Frankish *baukn (“symbol, sign”).


mel

From Proto-Celtic *meli (“honey”) (compare Welsh mêl, Old Irish mil), from Proto-Indo-European *mélid, whence also Latin mel (“honey”).


avel

From Middle Breton avel, from Old Breton auel, from Proto-Brythonic *awel (“wind”), from Proto-Celtic *awelā (“wind, breeze”) (compare Cornish awel and Welsh awel).


tra

traoù (plural)
tra (mutation singular unmutated)
dra (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zra (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
traoù (mutation plural unmutated)
draoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zraoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


mad

From Proto-Brythonic *mad, from Proto-Celtic *matis.


bro

broioù (plural)
bro (mutation singular unmutated)
vro (mutation mutation-soft singular)
pro (mutation mutation-hard singular)
broioù (mutation plural unmutated)
vroioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
proioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *broɣ, from Proto-Celtic *mrogis.


chug

From Proto-Celtic *sūgos; compare Scottish Gaelic sùgh and Welsh sudd.


dor

dorioù (plural)
dor (mutation singular unmutated)
zor (mutation mutation-soft singular)
tor (mutation mutation-hard singular)
dorioù (mutation plural unmutated)
zorioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
torioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Middle Breton dor, from Proto-Brythonic *dor (compare Welsh dôr), from Proto-Celtic *dwār, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwṓr.


tad

tadoù (plural)
tad (mutation singular unmutated)
dad (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zad (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
tadoù (mutation plural unmutated)
dadoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zadoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *tad, from Proto-Celtic *tatos.

ma zad

da dad


paz

From Old Breton pas, from Proto-Celtic *kʷasto- (compare Cornish pâz, Welsh pas).


paz

pazioù (plural)
paz (mutation singular unmutated)
baz (mutation mutation-soft singular)
faz (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
pazioù (mutation plural unmutated)
bazioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
fazioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

Borrowed from Old French pas, from Latin passus.


gluon

head

gluon m (collective, plural gluonennoù, singulative gluonenn)

gluonennoù (plural)
gluonenn (singulative)


ki

chas (plural)
kon (plural)
ki (mutation singular unmutated)
gi (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hi (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kon (mutation plural unmutated)
gon (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hon (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Middle Breton ci, from Proto-Brythonic *ki, from Proto-Celtic *kū, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

Ar c'hi zo o kousket amañ.


tud

From Proto-Brythonic *tʉd, from Proto-Celtic *toutā, from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂.


biz-meud

bizied-meud (plural)
biz-meud (mutation singular unmutated)
viz-meud (mutation mutation-soft singular)
piz-meud (mutation mutation-hard singular)
bizied-meud (mutation plural unmutated)
vizied-meud (mutation mutation-soft plural)
pizied-meud (mutation mutation-hard plural)


mil

miled (plural)
mil (mutation singular unmutated)
vil (mutation mutation-soft singular)
miled (mutation plural unmutated)
viled (mutation mutation-soft plural)

From Middle Breton mil, from Proto-Brythonic *mil (compare Cornish myl, Welsh mil), from Proto-Celtic *mīlom (compare Old Irish míl and its descendants; Irish míol, Scottish Gaelic míl, Manx meeyl), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₁l- (“small animal””).
Compare Ancient Greek μῆλον (mêlon, “lamb”), Armenian մալ (mal, “sheep; mutton; wether; cattle; livestock”), Central Kurdish ماڵ (mall, “livestock”), Dutch maal (“calf”).


halo

From Proto-Celtic *salā (“filth, dirt”).


mor

morioù (plural)
mor (mutation singular unmutated)
vor (mutation mutation-soft singular)
morioù (mutation plural unmutated)
vorioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)

From Middle Breton and Old Breton mor, from Proto-Brythonic *mor, from Proto-Celtic *mori, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

Mor-Bihan

small sea; Department in Brittany, meaning


dour

dourioù (plural)
doureier (plural)
dour (mutation singular unmutated)
zour (mutation mutation-soft singular)
tour (mutation mutation-hard singular)
doureier (mutation plural unmutated)
zoureier (mutation mutation-soft plural)
toureier (mutation mutation-hard plural)

Inherited from Proto-Brythonic *duβr, from Proto-Celtic *dubros, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰubʰrós (“deep”).

(by extension) rain, tears, sweat, saliva


kaliom

kaliom (mutation singular unmutated)
galiom (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'haliom (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)


avu

From Middle Breton auu, from Proto-Brythonic *aβʉ, from Proto-Celtic *awV-. Cognate with Welsh afu, Cornish avi, Middle Irish áe.


diamant

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas).


Dan

Daned (plural)
Dan (mutation singular unmutated)
Zan (mutation mutation-soft singular)
Tan (mutation mutation-hard singular)
Daned (mutation plural unmutated)
Zaned (mutation mutation-soft plural)
Taned (mutation mutation-hard plural)


avon

(archaic) Alternative form of aven (“river”)


aod

From Proto-Celtic *altos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eltós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-. Cognate with Welsh allt, Cornish als, Irish alt, Latin altus, Old High German alt.


gov

From Old Breton gob, from Proto-Celtic *gobanos.


klon

klon (mutation singular unmutated)
glon (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hlon (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
klonoù (mutation plural unmutated)
glonoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hlonoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


pri

From Proto-Brythonic *prið, from Proto-Celtic *kʷrīyess.


tir

tirioù (plural)
tir (mutation singular unmutated)
dir (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zir (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
tirioù (mutation plural unmutated)
dirioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zirioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *tir, from Proto-Celtic *tīros, from Proto-Indo-European *ters- (“dry”), i.e. "dry land" as opposed to lake or sea.


bara

baraioù (plural)
bara (mutation singular unmutated)
vara (mutation mutation-soft singular)
para (mutation mutation-hard singular)
baraioù (mutation plural unmutated)
varaioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
paraioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Celtic *bargos, *barginā (“cake, bread”) (compare Welsh bara, Old Cornish bara, Old Irish bairgen f (“bread, loaf; food, plain diet”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- (“spike, prickle”) (Old Norse barr (“corn, grain, barley”), Latin far (“spelt”), Serbo-Croatian бра̏шно/brȁšno).


ezel

From Middle Breton esel, from Proto-Celtic *asselī. Compare Cornish esel and Irish esel.


aon

From Middle Breton oun, from Proto-Celtic *oβnus (“fear”) (compare Welsh ofn, Cornish own, Old Irish ómun).


ger

gerioù (plural)
ger (mutation singular unmutated)
c'her (mutation mutation-soft singular)
ker (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gerioù (mutation plural unmutated)
c'herioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kerioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *gėr, from Proto-Celtic *garyos (“word, speech”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-, zero grade of *ǵeh₂r-.
Cognate with Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus, “voice, speech”), Khotanese [script needed] (ysār-, “to sing”), Latin garriō (“chatter”), Old English caru (“sorrow”).

cog

Skrijal a rae Loeiz o tistagan ar ger [...] 'Louis screamed in pronouncing the word'.

1990, Thomas Arwyn Watkins, Martin John Ball, Celtic Linguistics / Ieithyddiaeth Geltaidd: Readings in the Brythonic Languages, page 202:


paun

pauned (plural)
paun (mutation singular unmutated)
baun (mutation mutation-soft singular)
faun (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
pauned (mutation plural unmutated)
bauned (mutation mutation-soft plural)
fauned (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


kazh

kizhier (plural)
kezhier (plural)
kazh (mutation singular unmutated)
gazh (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hazh (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)

From Proto-Brythonic *kaθ, from Proto-Celtic *kattā.


yar

From Proto-Celtic *yarā (compare Welsh iâr).


brug

From Middle Breton groegan, from Proto-Brythonic *gwrʉg.


kein

keinoù (plural)
kein (mutation singular unmutated)
gein (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hein (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
keinoù (mutation plural unmutated)
geinoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'heinoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

Cognate with Welsh cefn (“back”), Cornish keyn (“back”), Gaulish Cebenna (“ridge, height”) (whence French Cévennes), ultimately from Proto-Celtic *kebno- (“back”), from Pre-Celtic *kebn-, which could be related to *kambos (“crooked, bent”).


klas

klasoù (plural)
klas (mutation singular unmutated)
glas (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hlas (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
klasoù (mutation plural unmutated)
glasoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hlasoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


ster

From Proto-Brythonic *ster, from Proto-Celtic *sterā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr.


biz

bizied (plural)
biz (mutation singular unmutated)
viz (mutation mutation-soft singular)
piz (mutation mutation-hard singular)
bizied (mutation plural unmutated)
vizied (mutation mutation-soft plural)
pizied (mutation mutation-hard plural)


roue

From Middle Breton roe, from Proto-Celtic *ɸreimos; akin to Old Cornish ruy (whence Cornish ruw) and Welsh rhwyf (“king, leader”).
Replaced Old Breton ri, which was akin to Middle Welsh rhi, Irish rí, Scottish Gaelic rìgh, and Gaulish -rix, -rēx.


kar

kerent (plural)
kar (mutation singular unmutated)
gar (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'har (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kerent (mutation plural unmutated)
gerent (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'herent (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *kar, from Proto-Celtic *karants.


kar

gar (mutation singular unmutated)
c'har (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kar (mutation mutation-hard singular)
garoù (mutation plural unmutated)
c'haroù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
karoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


kas

From Middle Breton cas, from Proto-Brythonic *kas, from Proto-Celtic *kassis.


rost

From Old French rostir, of West Germanic origin.


azen

From Proto-Brythonic [Term?], through Vulgar Latin from Latin asinus. Compare Welsh asyn.


dorn

From Old Breton durn, from Proto-Celtic *durnos (compare Welsh dwrn (“fist”), Irish dorn), probably loaned from a non-Indo-European substrate language.


lenn

From Middle Breton lenn, from Old Breton lin, from Proto-Celtic *lindos (“lake, liquid”). Cognate with Welsh llyn, Cornish lynn, Irish linn, Gaulish lindon.


lenn

From Old Breton lenn, from Proto-Celtic *linnā (“cloak, veil”). Cognate with Welsh llen, Cornish len, Irish leann, Gaulish linna.


kaz

kizier (plural)
kaz (mutation singular unmutated)
gaz (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'haz (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kizier (mutation plural unmutated)
gizier (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hizier (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

cat, tomcat


kont

count (a lord of a county holding a title of countdom)


mell

From Proto-Celtic *melsā (“knuckle”); possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mel (“limb”).


kell

From Proto-Brythonic [Term?], borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin cōleus (“testicle”) (compare Cornish kell, Welsh caill), ultimately from Ancient Greek κολεός (koleós).


kell

kelloù (plural)
killi (plural)
kell (mutation singular unmutated)
gell (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hell (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kelloù (mutation plural unmutated)
gelloù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'helloù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Latin cella (compare Old Irish cell).


tann

From Proto-Brythonic *tann, from Proto-Celtic *tannos (“green oak”). Related to Old Cornish tannen and Gaulish *tannos (whence French tan).


boz

bozioù (plural)
divoz (dual)
boz (mutation singular unmutated)
voz (mutation mutation-soft singular)
poz (mutation mutation-hard singular)
bozioù (mutation plural unmutated)
vozioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
pozioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *bos, from Proto-Celtic *bostā (“palm, fist”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷosto-, *gʷosdʰo- (“branch”).


mur

From Middle Breton mur, from Old Breton mur, from Proto-Brythonic *mʉr, from Latin mūrus.


kod

kod ar yec'hed foran

code (body of law or set of regulations and rules)


skoed

From Proto-Brythonic *skuɨd, from Proto-Celtic *skeitos (“shield”), from Proto-Indo-European *skeyt-, from *skey- (“to cut, separate”). Cognate with Cornish skoes (“shield”), Welsh ysgwyd (“shield”), Irish sciath (“shield”). Related to Latin scūtum (“shield”) and Russian щит (ščit).


pesk

pesked (plural)
pesk (mutation singular unmutated)
besk (mutation mutation-soft singular)
fesk (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
pesked (mutation plural unmutated)
besked (mutation mutation-soft plural)
fesked (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *pɨsk, a borrowing from Latin piscis. Compare Cornish pysk, and further Welsh pysgod.


glin

glinoù (plural)
daoulin (dual)
glin (mutation singular unmutated)
c'hlin (mutation mutation-soft singular)
klin (mutation mutation-hard singular)
glinoù (mutation plural unmutated)
c'hlinoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
klinoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *glin, from Proto-Celtic *glūnos (compare Old Irish glún), dissimilated from *gnūn-, *gnūnos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu.


maen

mein (plural)
maen (mutation singular unmutated)
vaen (mutation mutation-soft singular)
mein (mutation plural unmutated)
vein (mutation mutation-soft plural)

From Middle Breton and Old Breton main, from Proto-Brythonic *maɣɨn, from Proto-Celtic *maginos. Compare Welsh maen, Cornish men.


staen

Borrowed from Old French estain, or inherited from Proto-Brythonic *staɨn.


hanter

From Proto-Brythonic *hanter, from Proto-Celtic *santeros. Compare Cornish hanter, Welsh hanner.


holen

From Middle Breton holen, hoalen, from Proto-Brythonic *haluɨn, from Proto-Celtic *salenos, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls. Cognate with Cornish holan, Welsh halen, Irish salann, and more distantly also Latin sāl and English salt.


tarv

tirvi (plural)
tarv (mutation singular unmutated)
darv (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zarv (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
tirvi (mutation plural unmutated)
dirvi (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zirvi (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *tarw, from Proto-Celtic *tarwos, from Proto-Indo-European *táwros.


heiz

From Proto-Celtic *sasyos (“rye”). Cognate with Welsh haidd (“barley”).


noz

From Middle Breton and Old Breton nos, probably from Proto-Celtic *noxs, from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts. Cognates include Welsh nos and Cornish nos.


mestr

head

mestr m (plural mestroù or mistr or mistri)

mestroù (plural)
mistr (plural)
mistri (plural)

From Middle Breton maestr, from Old French maistre, from Latin magister


korrigan

korriganed (plural)
korrigan (mutation singular unmutated)
gorrigan (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'horrigan (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
korriganed (mutation plural unmutated)
gorriganed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'horriganed (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From korr (“dwarf”) + -ig (diminutive suffix) + -an (hypocoristic suffix)


draen

draen f (plural drein, singulative draenenn)

drein (plural)
draenenn (singulative)
draen (mutation singular unmutated)
zraen (mutation mutation-soft singular)
traen (mutation mutation-hard singular)
drein (mutation plural unmutated)
zrein (mutation mutation-soft plural)
trein (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *draɣen, from Proto-Celtic *dragenā (“sloetree, blackthorn, Prunus spinosa”) (compare Old Irish draigen, modern Irish draighean), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰergʰ- (“blackbush, sloe tree”).

inh

(figurative) snag, hitch, problem, difficulty


arar

From Middle Breton arazr, from Proto-Brythonic *aradr, from Proto-Celtic *aratrom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom.


loar

From Old Breton loir, from Proto-Brythonic *lloɨr, from Proto-Celtic *lugrā, from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewk- (“light”). Cognate with Cornish loor and Welsh lloer.


loen

From Middle Breton lozn, from Proto-Celtic *lutno- (“(young) animal”) (compare Welsh llwdn (“young animal”)), from Proto-Indo-European *polH- (“animal young”), ultimately from *peh₂w- (“smallness”), see also Ancient Greek πῶλος (pôlos), English foal, Albanian pelë (“mare”), Old Armenian ուլ (ul, “kid, fawn”)).


oan

From Proto-Brythonic *oɨn, from Proto-Celtic *ognos, compare Welsh oen, Old Irish úan, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʷnós (“lamb”).

Oan Doue


died

From Proto-Celtic *dī-āti-s, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck”); compare Old Irish deug and Welsh diod.


aval

From Proto-Brythonic *aβal, from Proto-Celtic *abūl, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl.


konsul

konsul (canonical masculine)
konsuled (canonical)


itron

From Old Breton eltroguen, from Proto-Celtic *altrauonī (compare Welsh elltrewyn (“stepmother; mother-in-law; tutoress; godmother, sponsor of baptized child”), Old Cornish altruan).


aotrou

head

aotrou m (plural aotrounez or aotrouien)

From Middle Breton autrou, from Old Breton altro, from Proto-Brythonic *alltrọw, from Proto-Celtic *altrawū (“foster-uncle”), from *aleti (“to nourish”). Cognate with Welsh alltraw (“godfather”) and Welsh athro (“teacher”).


kalon

kalonoù (plural)
kaloneu (plural)
kalon (mutation singular unmutated)
galon (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'halon (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kalonoù (mutation plural unmutated)
galonoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'halonoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *kalwon, from Proto-Celtic *kalwond- (“heart”). Cognates include Welsh calon and Cornish colon.


menez

menezioù (plural)
menez (mutation singular unmutated)
venez (mutation mutation-soft singular)
menezioù (mutation plural unmutated)
venezioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)

From Old Breton monid, from Proto-Brythonic *mönɨð (compare Cornish menydh, Welsh mynydd), from Proto-Celtic *moniyos, from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to tower, stand out”) (compare Latin mōns).


naer

From Old Breton natr, from Proto-Celtic *natrixs (compare Welsh neidr, Irish nathair), from Proto-Indo-European *nh₁trih₂, from *snéh₁ (“to spin, twist”). Compare Breton nezañ (“to spin yarn”). Related to neudenn (“thread”), nodoez (“needle”) .


karvan

karvanioù (plural)
karvan (mutation singular unmutated)
garvan (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'harvan (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
karvanioù (mutation plural unmutated)
garvanioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'harvanioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


plac'hig

plac'higed (plural)
plac'hig (mutation singular unmutated)
blac'hig (mutation mutation-soft singular)
flac'hig (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
plac'higed (mutation plural unmutated)
blac'higed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
flac'higed (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


merc'hig

merc'higoù (plural)
merc'hig (mutation singular unmutated)
verc'hig (mutation mutation-soft singular)
merc'higoù (mutation plural unmutated)
verc'higoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)

diminutive of merc'h (“daughter; girl, maiden”)


plac'h

plac'hed (plural)
plac'h (mutation singular unmutated)
blac'h (mutation mutation-soft singular)
flac'h (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
plac'hed (mutation plural unmutated)
blac'hed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
flac'hed (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

placʼh tiegezh


merc'h

merc’h (canonical feminine)
merc’hed (plural)
merc'h (mutation singular unmutated)
verc'h (mutation mutation-soft singular)
merc'hed (mutation plural unmutated)
verc'hed (mutation mutation-soft plural)

From Proto-Celtic *merkā (“daughter”) (compare Welsh merch, Cornish mergh).


merc'h

merc’h (canonical masculine plural)
marc'h (mutation singular unmutated)
varc'h (mutation mutation-soft singular)
merc'h (mutation plural unmutated)
verc'h (mutation mutation-soft plural)


markiz

markizien (plural)
markiz (mutation singular unmutated)
varkiz (mutation mutation-soft singular)
markizien (mutation plural unmutated)
varkizien (mutation mutation-soft plural)


belo

beloioù (plural)
belo (mutation singular unmutated)
velo (mutation mutation-soft singular)
pelo (mutation mutation-hard singular)
beloioù (mutation plural unmutated)
veloioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
peloioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)


kristen

head

kristen m (plural kristenien or kristenion)

kristenien (plural)
kristenion (plural)
kristen (mutation singular unmutated)
gristen (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hristen (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kristenien (mutation plural unmutated)
gristenien (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hristenien (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


stêr

From Old Breton staer, from Proto-Celtic *stagrā, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂g- (“to seep, drip”) (compare Latin stāgnum (“pond, pool”), Ancient Greek στάζω (stázō, “to drip”)).


penn

pennoù (plural)
penn (mutation singular unmutated)
benn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
fenn (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
pennoù (mutation plural unmutated)
bennoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
fennoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Middle Breton penn, from Old Breton penn, from Proto-Brythonic *penn, from Proto-Celtic *kʷennom.


beure

From Middle Breton beure, from Proto-Brythonic *bọreɣ, from Proto-Celtic *bāregos (“morning”). Compare Cornish and Welsh bore (“morning”), Old Irish bárach, whence i mbárach (“tomorrow”), modern Irish amárach.


kiez

kiezed (plural)
kiez (mutation singular unmutated)
giez (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hiez (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kiezed (mutation plural unmutated)
giezed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hiezed (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


merc'hetaer

merc'hetaerien (plural)
merc'hetaer (mutation singular unmutated)
verc'hetaer (mutation mutation-soft singular)
merc'hetaerien (mutation plural unmutated)
verc'hetaerien (mutation mutation-soft plural)


maer

maered (plural)
maer (mutation singular unmutated)
vaer (mutation mutation-soft singular)
maered (mutation plural unmutated)
vaered (mutation mutation-soft plural)

From Old Breton mair, from Proto-Brythonic *maɨr, from Latin māior (“greater”). Cognate with Old Cornish mair, Old Welsh mair, Welsh maer, Middle Irish máer, Irish maor.


niver

From Proto-Brythonic *niβ̃er, from Latin numerus.


lizherenn

From lizher (“letter, missive”) + -enn (compare Welsh llythyren).


maout

meot (plural)
maout (mutation singular unmutated)
vaout (mutation mutation-soft singular)
meot (mutation plural unmutated)
veot (mutation mutation-soft plural)

From Proto-Celtic *moltos (“sheep”) (compare Welsh mollt (“wether”), Old Irish molt (“ram, wether”)).


amzer

From Proto-Brythonic *amser, from Proto-Celtic *amsterā (“time, moment”). Cognate with Welsh amser, Irish aimsir.

An amzer zo brav hiziv.


yezh

From Middle Breton yez, from Proto-Brythonic *jeiθ (“language”), from Proto-Celtic *yextis (“language”).


amann

→⇒ English: kouign-amann

→⇒ French: kouign-amann

From amanenn, from Middle Breton amanen, derived from Proto-Celtic *amben (compare Cornish aman, Welsh ymenyn, Old Irish imb), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃éngʷn̥.


teod

teodoù (plural)
teod (mutation singular unmutated)
deod (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zeod (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
teodoù (mutation plural unmutated)
deodoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zeodoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Celtic *tangʷāss (compare Welsh tafod, Irish teanga), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue, speech, language”).


mab

mibien (plural)
mab (mutation singular unmutated)
vab (mutation mutation-soft singular)
mibien (mutation plural unmutated)
vibien (mutation mutation-soft plural)

From Middle Breton mab, from Old Breton map, from Proto-Brythonic *mab, from Proto-Celtic *makʷos.


breur

breudeur (plural)
breur (mutation singular unmutated)
vreur (mutation mutation-soft singular)
preur (mutation mutation-hard singular)
breudeur (mutation plural unmutated)
vreudeur (mutation mutation-soft plural)
preudeur (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Middle Breton breuzr, from Old Breton brotr, from Proto-Brythonic *brọdr, from Proto-Celtic *brātīr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.


gwir

gwirioù (plural)
gwir (mutation singular unmutated)
wir (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kwir (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gwirioù (mutation plural unmutated)
wirioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kwirioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Old Breton guir, from Proto-Brythonic *gwir, from Proto-Celtic *wīros, from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁ros.

Hon gwirioù


paotr

paotr (mutation singular unmutated)
baotr (mutation mutation-soft singular)
faotr (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
paotred (mutation plural unmutated)
baotred (mutation mutation-soft plural)
faotred (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

Loaned through French from a Germanic language, probably Middle Low German, and from the same ultimate source as English paltry (“small, meager, ragged”).


anv

From Middle Breton hanu, from Old Breton anu, from Proto-Brythonic *anw, from Proto-Celtic *anman, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥.


kelenner

kelennerien (plural)
kelenner (mutation singular unmutated)
gelenner (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'helenner (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kelennerien (mutation plural unmutated)
gelennerien (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'helennerien (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


kelennerez

kelennerezed (plural)
kelennerez (mutation singular unmutated)
gelennerez (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'helennerez (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kelennerezed (mutation plural unmutated)
gelennerezed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'helennerezed (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From kelenner (“teacher”) + -ez (“female”).


bloaz

bloaz (mutation singular unmutated)
vloaz (mutation mutation-soft singular)
ploaz (mutation mutation-hard singular)
bloazioù (mutation plural unmutated)
vloazioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
ploazioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Celtic *bleidanī, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰloyd- (“pale”), though the semantic connection is weak. See also Lithuanian blaĩvas (“whitish, blue, sober”), Proto-West Germanic *blait, Albanian blehurë.
Celtic cognates include Welsh blwydd, blwyddyn, Old Breton blened, Cornish bloodh, Old Irish blíadain.


gouel

gouelioù (plural)
gouel (mutation singular unmutated)
c'houel (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kouel (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gouelioù (mutation plural unmutated)
c'houelioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kouelioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Latin vigilia. Compare Cornish gool, Welsh gŵyl.


kêr

kêrioù (plural)
kêr (mutation singular unmutated)
gêr (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hêr (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kêrioù (mutation plural unmutated)
gêrioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hêrioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Middle Breton kaer, from Old Breton caer, from Proto-Brythonic *kaɨr (“fort, fortified town”) (compare Cornish ker, Welsh caer), from Proto-Celtic *kagros (“fort”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kagʰ- (“take, seize”). Related to kae (“fence, hedge”).


poltred

poltredoù (plural)
poltred (mutation singular unmutated)
boltred (mutation mutation-soft singular)
foltred (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
poltredoù (mutation plural unmutated)
boltredoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
foltredoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


kinnig

kinnigoù (plural)
kinnig (mutation singular unmutated)
ginnig (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hinnig (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kinnigoù (mutation plural unmutated)
ginnigoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hinnigoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *kunnigɨd, borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin condīcō (“I talk something over together, agree to/upon, concert, promise; I proclaim, announce, publish”) (compare Welsh cynnig, Cornish kynnik).


dogan

doganed (plural)
dogan (mutation singular unmutated)
zogan (mutation mutation-soft singular)
togan (mutation mutation-hard singular)
doganed (mutation plural unmutated)
zoganed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
toganed (mutation mutation-hard plural)


aven

From Middle Breton avon, from Proto-Brythonic *aβon (“river”).


leti

From Proto-Brythonic *llettɨɣ (compare Welsh llety).


goañv

goañvoù (plural)
goañv (mutation singular unmutated)
c'hoañv (mutation mutation-soft singular)
koañv (mutation mutation-hard singular)
goañvoù (mutation plural unmutated)
c'hoañvoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
koañvoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Middle Breton gouaff, from Old Breton guoiam, guiam, from Proto-Celtic *gyemos (compare Welsh gaeaf, Cornish gwav, Old Irish gaim), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰyem- (compare Latin hiems).


distagadur

distagadurioù (plural)
distagadur (mutation singular unmutated)
zistagadur (mutation mutation-soft singular)
tistagadur (mutation mutation-hard singular)
distagadurioù (mutation plural unmutated)
zistagadurioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
tistagadurioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)


banniel

bannieloù (plural)
banniel (mutation singular unmutated)
vanniel (mutation mutation-soft singular)
panniel (mutation mutation-hard singular)
bannieloù (mutation plural unmutated)
vannieloù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
pannieloù (mutation mutation-hard plural)


kuzul

kuzulioù (plural)
kuzul (mutation singular unmutated)
guzul (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'huzul (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kuzulioù (mutation plural unmutated)
guzulioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'huzulioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

Kuzul Sevenadurel Breizh


mamm

mammoù (plural)
mamm (mutation singular unmutated)
vamm (mutation mutation-soft singular)
mammoù (mutation plural unmutated)
vammoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)


divyezhegezh

divyezhegezh (mutation singular unmutated)
zivyezhegezh (mutation mutation-soft singular)
tivyezhegezh (mutation mutation-hard singular)


dazont

From amzer-da-zont: amzer ("time") + da ("to") + zont (mutation of mont, "to go").


amzer-da-zont

amzer ("time") + da ("to") + zont (mutation of dont, "to come")


bonreizh

bonreizhoù (plural)
bonreizh (mutation singular unmutated)
vonreizh (mutation mutation-soft singular)
ponreizh (mutation mutation-hard singular)
bonreizhoù (mutation plural unmutated)
vonreizhoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
ponreizhoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From bon (“base”) + reizh (“right”), from Proto-Celtic *bonus + *rextus. Coined in the 1960s as a calque of Irish bunreacht.

Kemmet e vo ar Vonreizh.


geriadur

geriadurioù (plural)
geriadur (mutation singular unmutated)
c'heriadur (mutation mutation-soft singular)
keriadur (mutation mutation-hard singular)
geriadurioù (mutation plural unmutated)
c'heriadurioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
keriadurioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From ger (“word”) + -adur, cognate to Welsh geiriadur.


geriadurioù

geriadur (mutation singular unmutated)
c'heriadur (mutation mutation-soft singular)
keriadur (mutation mutation-hard singular)
geriadurioù (mutation plural unmutated)
c'heriadurioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
keriadurioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)


laezh

From Middle Breton laez, from Old Breton laed, from Proto-Brythonic *llaɨθ, borrowed from Latin lac. Cognates include Welsh llaeth and Cornish leth.

Ur banne laezh.


kemmadur

kemmadurioù (plural)
kemmadur (mutation singular unmutated)
gemmadur (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hemmadur (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kemmadurioù (mutation plural unmutated)
gemmadurioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hemmadurioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

mutation (grammar; specifically Breton mutations)


buhez

buhezioù (plural)
buhez (mutation singular unmutated)
vuhez (mutation mutation-soft singular)
puhez (mutation mutation-hard singular)
buhezioù (mutation plural unmutated)
vuhezioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
puhezioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)


personed

person (mutation singular unmutated)
berson (mutation mutation-soft singular)
ferson (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
personed (mutation plural unmutated)
bersoned (mutation mutation-soft plural)
fersoned (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


banne

banneoù (plural)
banne (mutation singular unmutated)
vanne (mutation mutation-soft singular)
panne (mutation mutation-hard singular)
banneoù (mutation plural unmutated)
vanneoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
panneoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

ur banne bier: a glass of beer


gwin

gwinoù (plural)
gwin (mutation singular unmutated)
win (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kwin (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gwinoù (mutation plural unmutated)
winoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kwinoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *gwin, from late Proto-Celtic *wīnom, borrowed from Latin vīnum.


kelenn

Attested in the Catholicon as Middle Breton quelenn, from Old Breton colaenn, from Proto-Brythonic *kolɨn, from Proto-Celtic *kolinos (compare Old Irish cuilenn m (“(wood of the) holly-tree”), Cornish kelyn, Welsh celyn), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱol- (“thorn, thorny plant”) (compare English holly), from *ḱel- (“to cut”).


kentel

kentelioù (plural)
kentel (mutation singular unmutated)
gentel (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hentel (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kentelioù (mutation plural unmutated)
gentelioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hentelioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


burev

burevioù (plural)
burev (mutation singular unmutated)
vurev (mutation mutation-soft singular)
purev (mutation mutation-hard singular)
burevioù (mutation plural unmutated)
vurevioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
purevioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)


prenestr

head

prenestr m (plural prenestroù or prenester)

prenestroù (plural)
prenester (plural)
prenestr (mutation singular unmutated)
brenestr (mutation mutation-soft singular)
frenestr (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
prenestroù (mutation plural unmutated)
brenestroù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
frenestroù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

Borrowed from Old French fenestre and/or Latin fenestra (partly through Proto-Brythonic *fenestr; compare Welsh ffenestr, Cornish fenester).


erv

From Proto-Celtic *arwī (compare Welsh erw, Cornish erow), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃wos (“arable”) (compare Old Irish arbar, Latin arvus).


roc'h

From an indeterminate Celtic source borrowed into English rock and Romance equivalents French roche, Italian rocca, Spanish roca, Galician rocha.


barv

From Proto-Brythonic *barv, from Latin barba, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰeh₂. Compare Cornish barv, Welsh barf.


arzh

arzh (canonical masculine)
arzh (canonical feminine)
arzhed (plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *arθ, from Proto-Celtic *artos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos.


hent

From Proto-Brythonic *hɨnt, from Proto-Celtic *sentus, from Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to head for, go”).


gwele

gweleoù (plural)
gwele (mutation singular unmutated)
wele (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kwele (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gweleoù (mutation plural unmutated)
weleoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kweleoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Celtic *uɸo-legyom, from Proto-Indo-European *upo + *legʰ- (“to lie (down)”). Cognate with Welsh gwely, Cornish gweli.


komz

From Middle Breton comps, from Proto-Celtic *kom-wep-s-, derivative of *wepos (“speech, voice”) (whence Welsh gwep (“face”)), from Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ- (“to speak”). Compare Ancient Greek ἔπος (épos), Latin vox.


taol

taolioù (plural)
taol (mutation singular unmutated)
daol (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zaol (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
taolioù (mutation plural unmutated)
daolioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zaolioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

War an doal emañ ar bara.

War an doal e vez ar bara.


bugel

From Middle Breton buguel, from Proto-Brythonic *bʉgöl, from Proto-Celtic *boukolyos, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷowkólos, from *gʷṓws (“cow”) + *kʷel- (“to revolve, turn around”).
Cognates include Cornish bugel (“shepherd”), Welsh bugail (“shepherd”), Irish buachaill (“boy”), Scottish Gaelic buachaille (“herder”), Manx bochilley (“shepherd”) and Ancient Greek βουκόλος (boukólos, “cowherd”).


tred

tridi (plural)
tred (mutation singular unmutated)
dred (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zred (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
tridi (mutation plural unmutated)
dridi (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zridi (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Old Breton trot, from Proto-Brythonic *tröd (whence Middle Welsh trydw, Welsh drudwen), from Proto-Celtic *trozdis, from Proto-Indo-European *trosdos (“thrush”); compare Latin turdus, English thrush, and Polish drozd.


sae

Ur sae c'hlas


meud

meudoù (plural)
meud (mutation singular unmutated)
veud (mutation mutation-soft singular)
meudoù (mutation plural unmutated)
veudoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)

From Middle Breton meut, from Proto-Celtic *mā-to-, from Proto-Indo-European *mē-.
Compare Welsh bawd.


karv

kirvi (plural)
karv (mutation singular unmutated)
garv (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'harv (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kirvi (mutation plural unmutated)
girvi (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hirvi (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *karw, from Proto-Celtic *karwos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥wós, zero grade of *ḱerwós, from *ḱer- (“horn”).


evn

From Proto-Brythonic *edn, from Proto-Celtic *ɸetnos, from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥.


dañvad

deñved (plural)
dañvad (mutation singular unmutated)
zañvad (mutation mutation-soft singular)
tañvad (mutation mutation-hard singular)
deñved (mutation plural unmutated)
zeñved (mutation mutation-soft plural)
teñved (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *daβ̃ad, from Proto-Celtic *dametos.

(religion, in the plural, figurative) flock

(in the plural, by analogy) small, fluffy clouds, foamy waves


gouelan

head

gouelan m (plural gouelaned or gouelini)

→ French: goéland

From gouelañ (“to cry”), from Middle Breton goelann, from Old Breton guilannou, from Proto-Brythonic *gwuɨlann.


bozon

bozon m (collective, plural bozonennoù, singulative bozonenn)

bozonennoù (plural)
bozonenn (singulative)


nukleon

nukleon m (collective, plural nukleonennoù, singulative nukleonenn)

nukleonennoù (plural)
nukleonenn (singulative)


pirc'hirin

pirc’hirin (canonical)
pirc'hirin (mutation singular unmutated)
birc'hirin (mutation mutation-soft singular)
firc'hirin (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)


bananez

bananez m (collective, plural bananezennoù, singulative bananezenn)

bananezennoù (plural)
bananezenn (singulative)


kerent

kerent (mutation singular unmutated)
gerent (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'herent (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)


moereb

moerebed (plural)
moereb (mutation singular unmutated)
voereb (mutation mutation-soft singular)
moerebed (mutation plural unmutated)
voerebed (mutation mutation-soft plural)

From Middle Breton mozreb, from Old Breton motrep, from Proto-Celtic *mātrikʷā (compare Cornish modrep, Welsh modryb), from *mātīr (“mother”) (compare Irish máthair), from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr.


ludu

ludu m (plural luduoù, singulative luduenn)

From Middle Breton ludu, from Proto-Brythonic *llʉdw, from Proto-Celtic *loutus, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root shared by Sanskrit उल्का (ulkā, “meteor, firebrand, torch”).


klañvdi

klañvdioù (plural)
klañvdi (mutation singular unmutated)
glañvdi (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hlañvdi (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
klañvdioù (mutation plural unmutated)
glañvdioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hlañvdioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


draeneg

draeneged (plural)
draeneg (mutation singular unmutated)
zraeneg (mutation mutation-soft singular)
traeneg (mutation mutation-hard singular)
draeneged (mutation plural unmutated)
zraeneged (mutation mutation-soft plural)
traeneged (mutation mutation-hard plural)


klezeñv

klezeñvier (plural)
klezeñv (mutation singular unmutated)
glezeñv (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hlezeñv (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
klezeñvier (mutation plural unmutated)
glezeñvier (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hlezeñvier (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Middle Breton clezeff, from Proto-Brythonic *klėðɨβ̃, from Proto-Celtic *kladiwos (compare Welsh cleddyf, Old Irish claideb). The Brythonic forms probably represent a borrowing from Goidelic, based on the unexpected shift of /w/ to /β̃/ (the expected inherited form would be *kleziv).


bleiz

bleizi (plural)
bleiz (mutation singular unmutated)
vleiz (mutation mutation-soft singular)
pleiz (mutation mutation-hard singular)
bleizi (mutation plural unmutated)
vleizi (mutation mutation-soft plural)
pleizi (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Old Breton bleid, from Proto-Brythonic *blėð, from Proto-Celtic *bledyos (compare Cornish bleydh, Welsh blaidd; Old Irish bled (“sea monster”) (< *bledā)).


avank

From Proto-Brythonic *aβank, from Proto-Celtic *abankos (compare Welsh afanc), from *abū (“river”).


bual

bualed (plural)
bual (mutation singular unmutated)
vual (mutation mutation-soft singular)
pual (mutation mutation-hard singular)
bualed (mutation plural unmutated)
vualed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
pualed (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic [Term?], borrowed from Vulgar Latin *būvalus, from Latin būbalus, from Ancient Greek βούβαλος (boúbalos). Cognate with Welsh and Cornish bual.


buoc'h

head

buoc’h f (plural buoc’hed, collective buoc’henned)

buoc’h (canonical feminine)
buoc’hed (plural)
buoc’henned (collective)
buoc'h (mutation singular unmutated)
vuoc'h (mutation mutation-soft singular)
puoc'h (mutation mutation-hard singular)
buoc'hed (mutation plural unmutated)
vuoc'hed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
puoc'hed (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *bʉx, from Proto-Celtic *boukkā, from *bāus (“ox”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws. Celtic cognates include Welsh buwch, Cornish bugh, Irish bó, Manx booa.


yod

From Proto-Celtic *yut-, *yot-, from Proto-Indo-European *yewH-s- (“sap, juice, broth”), from *yewH- (“to blend, mix (food), knead”). Compare Cornish yôs, Old Irish íth, Welsh uwd, and Gallo-Latin iotta, iutta.


arc'hant

From Middle Breton archant, from Old Breton argant, from Proto-Brythonic *arɣant, from Proto-Celtic *argantom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erg- (“to shine”).


broc'h

broc’h (canonical masculine)
broc’hed (plural)
broc'h (mutation singular unmutated)
vroc'h (mutation mutation-soft singular)
proc'h (mutation mutation-hard singular)
broc'hed (mutation plural unmutated)
vroc'hed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
proc'hed (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Middle Breton broc'h, from Proto-Brythonic *brox, from Proto-Celtic *brokkos.


Gall

Gallaoued (plural)
Gall (mutation singular unmutated)
C'hall (mutation mutation-soft singular)
Kall (mutation mutation-hard singular)
Gallaoued (mutation plural unmutated)
C'hallaoued (mutation mutation-soft plural)
Kallaoued (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Latin Gallus, see also Scottish Gaelic Gall.

Frenchman, Romance-speaking person not from Lower Brittany


kraoñ

head

kraoñ ? (collective, plural kraoñennoù, singulative kraoñenn)

kraoñennoù (plural)
kraoñenn (singulative)
kraoñ (mutation singular unmutated)
graoñ (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hraoñ (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)

From Proto-Brythonic *know, from Proto-Celtic *knūs.


leue

From Proto-Brythonic *llọɨɣ, from Proto-Celtic *lāɸigos (“calf”) (compare Old Irish lóeg, Welsh llo, Cornish leugh).


moc'h

moc’h m (collective, singulative pemoc’h)

moc’h (canonical masculine)
pemoc’h (singulative)
moc'h (mutation singular unmutated)
voc'h (mutation mutation-soft singular)

From Proto-Brythonic *mox, from Proto-Celtic *mokkus.


ebeulez

From ebeul (“foal”) + -ez (“female”), cognate to Welsh eboles.


ebeul

From Old Breton ebol, from Proto-Brythonic *ebọl, diminutive of *eb (“horse”).


kazhig

kizhierigoù (plural)
kazhig (mutation singular unmutated)
gazhig (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hazhig (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kizhierigoù (mutation plural unmutated)
gizhierigoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hizhierigoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


kazhez

kazhezed (plural)
kazhez (mutation singular unmutated)
gazhez (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hazhez (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kazhezed (mutation plural unmutated)
gazhezed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hazhezed (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


kazez

kazezed (plural)
kazez (mutation singular unmutated)
gazez (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hazez (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kazezed (mutation plural unmutated)
gazezed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hazezed (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

female cat, queen


bouc'h

bouc’h (canonical masculine)
bouc’hed (plural)
bouc'h (mutation singular unmutated)
vouc'h (mutation mutation-soft singular)
pouc'h (mutation mutation-hard singular)
bouch'ed (mutation plural unmutated)
vouch'ed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
pouch'ed (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *bux, from Proto-Celtic *bukkos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵkos (compare Welsh bwch).


tadig

tadigoù (plural)
tadig (mutation singular unmutated)
dadig (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zadig (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
tadigoù (mutation plural unmutated)
dadigoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zadigoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


kazezed

female cats


bleizez

bleizezed (plural)
bleizez (mutation singular unmutated)
vleizez (mutation mutation-soft singular)
pleizez (mutation mutation-hard singular)
bleizezed (mutation plural unmutated)
vleizezed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
pleizezed (mutation mutation-hard plural)


aneval

From Proto-Brythonic *anɨβ̃ėl, borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin animal (compare Welsh anifail).


tad-kozh

tadoù-kozh (plural)
tad-kozh (mutation singular unmutated)
dad-kozh (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zad-kozh (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
tadoù-kozh (mutation plural unmutated)
dadoù-kozh (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zadoù-kozh (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


lezvab

lez- (“step-”) + mab (“son”), cognate to Welsh llysfab


lezverc'h

lez- (“step-”) + merc'h (“daughter”), cognate to Welsh llysferch


leztad

lez- (“step-”) + tad (“father”); cognate to Welsh llystad


tad-kuñv

tadoù-kuñv (plural)
tad-kuñv (mutation singular unmutated)
dad-kuñv (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zad-kuñv (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
tadoù-kuñv (mutation plural unmutated)
dadoù-kuñv (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zadoù-kuñv (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From tad (“father”) + kuñv (“debonair, gentle”).


lezvamm

lez- (“step-”) + mamm (“mother”), cognate to Welsh llysfam


tad-kaer

tadoù-kaer (plural)
tad-kaer (mutation singular unmutated)
dad-kaer (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zad-kaer (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
tadoù-kaer (mutation plural unmutated)
dadoù-kaer (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zadoù-kaer (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


tadeg

tadeged (plural)
tadeg (mutation singular unmutated)
dadeg (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zadeg (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
tadeged (mutation plural unmutated)
dadeged (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zadeged (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


erer

From Middle Breton erer, from Proto-Celtic *eriros (“eagle”) (compare Welsh eryr, Cornish er, Old Irish *irar), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃érō (“large bird”).


skiant

From Latin scientia (“knowledge”), from sciens, the present participle stem of scire (“to know”).


merenn

merennoù (plural)
merenn (mutation singular unmutated)
verenn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
merennoù (mutation plural unmutated)
verennoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)


brec'h

head

brec’h f (dual divrec’h, plural brec’hioù)

brec’h (canonical feminine)
divrec’h (dual)
brec’hioù (plural)
brec'h (mutation singular unmutated)
vrec'h (mutation mutation-soft singular)
prec'h (mutation mutation-hard singular)
brec'hioù (mutation plural unmutated)
vrec'hioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
prec'hioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Middle Breton brech, from Proto-Brythonic *brėx, a borrowing from Latin bracchium, from Ancient Greek βραχίων (brakhíōn), from βραχύς (brakhús, “short”). Cognate with Cornish bregh, Welsh braich.


deizioù

deiz (mutation singular unmutated)
zeiz (mutation mutation-soft singular)
teiz (mutation mutation-hard singular)
deizioù (mutation plural unmutated)
zeizioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
teizioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)


deiz

deizioù (plural)
deiz (mutation singular unmutated)
zeiz (mutation mutation-soft singular)
teiz (mutation mutation-hard singular)
deizioù (mutation plural unmutated)
zeizioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
teizioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *dið, from Proto-Celtic *dīyos (compare Cornish dydh, Welsh dydd, Old Irish día), from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws, *dyew- (compare Latin diēs).


devezh

devezhioù (plural)
devezh (mutation singular unmutated)
zevezh (mutation mutation-soft singular)
tevezh (mutation mutation-hard singular)
devezhioù (mutation plural unmutated)
zevezhioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
tevezhioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)


houarn

Inherited from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom (compare Welsh haearn, Old Irish íarn), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”).


marc'h

marc’h m (plural merc’h or mirc’hed or mirc’hi)

marc’h (canonical masculine)
merc’h (plural)
mirc’hed (plural)
mirc’hi (plural)
marc'h (mutation singular unmutated)
varc'h (mutation mutation-soft singular)
merc'h (mutation plural unmutated)
verc'h (mutation mutation-soft plural)

From Middle Breton march, from Old Breton marh, from Proto-Brythonic *marx, from Proto-Celtic *markos.


louarn

From Middle Breton louarn, from Old Breton louuern, from Proto-Brythonic *llowern, from Proto-Celtic *loɸernos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl(o)p- ~ *h₂ulp- (“(red) fox”). Cognate with Cornish lowarn.


kalc'h

kalc'hioù (plural)
kalc'h (mutation singular unmutated)
galc'h (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'halc'h (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kalc'hioù (mutation plural unmutated)
galc'hioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'halc'hioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *kalɣ (“penis”), from Proto-Celtic *kalgā (“point”).


hañv

From Middle Breton haff, from Old Breton ham, from Proto-Brythonic *haβ̃, from Proto-Celtic *samos, from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₂-ó-.


killi

killioù (plural)
killi (mutation singular unmutated)
gilli (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hilli (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
killioù (mutation plural unmutated)
gillioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hillioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Celtic *kaldit- (“wood”) (compare Welsh celli (“grove, copse, woodland”), Old Irish caill).


killi

kell (mutation singular unmutated)
gell (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hell (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
killi (mutation plural unmutated)
gilli (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hilli (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


kemm

kemmoù (plural)
kemm (mutation singular unmutated)
gemm (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hemm (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kemmoù (mutation plural unmutated)
gemmoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hemmoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


douryar

douryer (plural)
douryar (mutation singular unmutated)
zouryar (mutation mutation-soft singular)
touryar (mutation mutation-hard singular)
douryer (mutation plural unmutated)
zouryer (mutation mutation-soft plural)
touryer (mutation mutation-hard plural)


kilhog

From Old Breton kelihuc, from Proto-Brythonic *kėljọg, from Proto-Celtic *kalyākos, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₁- (“call”).


kaouenn

kaouenned (plural)
kaouenn (mutation singular unmutated)
gaouenn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'haouenn (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kaouenned (mutation plural unmutated)
gaouenned (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'haouenned (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

→ Cornish: cowan

From Middle Breton couhenn, caouënn, from Old Breton couann, couhann, from Proto-Brythonic *kuwann, from Proto-Celtic *kuwannos. Cognate with Middle Welsh cuan.


dourgi

dourgon (plural)
dourgi (mutation singular unmutated)
zourgi (mutation mutation-soft singular)
tourgi (mutation mutation-hard singular)
dourgon (mutation plural unmutated)
zourgon (mutation mutation-soft plural)
tourgon (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *düβrgi, from Proto-Celtic *dubrokū. Equivalent to dour (“water”) + ki (“dog”).


gwerz

gwerzioù (plural)
gwerz (mutation singular unmutated)
werz (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kwerz (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gwerzioù (mutation plural unmutated)
werzioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kwerzioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Middle Breton guers, from Proto-Brythonic *gwers, ultimately from Latin versus (“line of writing, verse”).


gristen

kristen (mutation singular unmutated)
gristen (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hristen (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kristenien (mutation plural unmutated)
gristenien (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hristenien (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


kador

kadorioù (plural)
keder (plural)
kador (mutation singular unmutated)
gador (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hador (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kadorioù (mutation plural unmutated)
gadorioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hadorioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Middle Breton cadoer, from Proto-Brythonic [Term?], borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin cathedra, ultimately from Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra, “chair of a teacher, throne”).


dant

From Middle Breton and Old Breton dant, from Proto-Brythonic *dant, from Proto-Celtic *dant, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts.


aour

From Proto-Brythonic *ėür, borrowed through Vulgar Latin [Term?] from Latin aurum.


goulenn

goulennoù (plural)
goulenn (mutation singular unmutated)
c'houlenn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
koulenn (mutation mutation-hard singular)
goulennoù (mutation plural unmutated)
c'houlennoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
koulennoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)


digoradur

digoradur (mutation singular unmutated)
zigoradur (mutation mutation-soft singular)
tigoradur (mutation mutation-hard singular)
digoradurioù (mutation plural unmutated)
zigoradurioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
tigoradurioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)


dornlevr

dornlevrioù (plural)
dornlevr (mutation singular unmutated)
zornlevr (mutation mutation-soft singular)
tornlevr (mutation mutation-hard singular)
dornlevrioù (mutation plural unmutated)
zornlevrioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
tornlevrioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From dorn (“hand”) + levr (“book”), calque of Welsh llawlyfr, itself a calque of English handbook.


kastell

From Proto-Brythonic *kastell, borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin castellum. Compare Welsh castell, Cornish kastel.


levr

From Old Breton libr, from Proto-Brythonic *llɨβr, borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin liber, librum. Compare Welsh llyfr, Cornish lyver and Irish/Scottish Gaelic leabhar, Manx lioar.


bloavezh

bloavezhioù (plural)
bloavezh (mutation singular unmutated)
vloavezh (mutation mutation-soft singular)
ploavezh (mutation mutation-hard singular)
bloavezhioù (mutation plural unmutated)
vloavezhioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
ploavezhioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)


glav

glav (mutation singular unmutated)
c'hlav (mutation mutation-soft singular)
klav (mutation mutation-hard singular)

From Proto-Brythonic *glaw. Related to Welsh glaw (“rain”).


deiziadur

deiziadurioù (plural)
deiziadur (mutation singular unmutated)
zeiziadur (mutation mutation-soft singular)
teiziadur (mutation mutation-hard singular)
deiziadurioù (mutation plural unmutated)
zeiziadurioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
teiziadurioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From deiz (“day”) + -adur. Calque of Welsh dyddiadur.


klopenn

klopennoù (plural)
klopenn (mutation singular unmutated)
glopenn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hlopenn (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
klopennoù (mutation plural unmutated)
glopennoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hlopennoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


Danez

Danezed (plural)
Danez (mutation singular unmutated)
Zanez (mutation mutation-soft singular)
Tanez (mutation mutation-hard singular)
Danezed (mutation plural unmutated)
Zanezed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
Tanezed (mutation mutation-hard plural)


marc'heg

head

marc'heg m (plural marc'hegien or marc'hegion)

marc'hegien (plural)
marc'hegion (plural)


Brezhon

Brezhoned (plural)
Brezhon (mutation singular unmutated)
Vrezhon (mutation mutation-soft singular)
Prezhon (mutation mutation-hard singular)
Brezhoned (mutation plural unmutated)
Vrezhoned (mutation mutation-soft plural)
Prezhoned (mutation mutation-hard plural)

A (historical) Briton: a member of that people that spoke Brythonic languages.


Pater

Pateroù (plural)
Paterioù (plural)
Pater (mutation singular unmutated)
Bater (mutation mutation-soft singular)
Fater (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
Pateroù (mutation plural unmutated)
Bateroù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
Fateroù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


abostol

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin apostolus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστολος (apóstolos, “one sent forth, apostle”).


abostol

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin epistola, from Ancient Greek ἐπιστολή (epistolḗ).


gwenanenn

/ɡɥẽˈnãːnɛn/


gwenan

gwenanenn (singulative)
gwenanenn (mutation singular unmutated)
wenanenn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kwenanenn (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gwenan (mutation plural unmutated)
wenan (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kwenan (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Celtic *wan-inyo- (compare Cornish gwenen, Welsh gwenyn), diminutive of *wano- (“tip, sting”) (modern gwan).


sivi

From Proto-Celtic *subi. Compare with Cornish syvy, Welsh syfi, Old Irish sub, modern Irish sú (“red berry”) and Scottish Gaelic sùbh (“raspberry”).


Parizian

Parizianed (plural)
Parizian (mutation singular unmutated)
Barizian (mutation mutation-soft singular)
Farizian (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
Parizianed (mutation plural unmutated)
Barizianed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
Farizianed (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


Parizianez

Parizianezed (plural)
Parizianez (mutation singular unmutated)
Barizianez (mutation mutation-soft singular)
Farizianez (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
Parizianezed (mutation plural unmutated)
Barizianezed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
Farizianezed (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


askorn

From Middle Breton ascorn, ascourn, from Proto-Celtic *astkornu (compare Cornish askorn, Welsh asgwrn), compound of *ast- (“bone”) and *kornu (“horn”) (compare Breton kern (“horns”), Old Irish corn), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂nom (compare Latin cornū, English horn), from *ḱerh₂- (“head, horn”).


gwaz

gwazi (plural)
gwaz (mutation singular unmutated)
waz (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kwaz (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gwazi (mutation plural unmutated)
wazi (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kwazi (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Middle Breton goaz, from Proto-Celtic *gezdā; cognate with Welsh gŵydd, Cornish godh, Middle Irish géd (Irish gé).


gwaz

From Middle Breton goas, from Proto-Brythonic *gwass, from Proto-Celtic *uɸostos (“servant”). Compare Welsh gwas.


eontr

From Proto-Celtic *awontro (compare Cornish ewnter), oblique of *awontīr (compare Welsh ewythr), from pre-Celtic *h₂eu-on-tēr, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewh₂- (“relative, descendant”), *h₂éwh₂os (compare Middle Irish ó, Latin avus (“grandfather”), dialectal German Awwe).


kolen

From Proto-Brythonic *koluɨn, from Proto-Celtic *kolignos.


arc'heskob

head

arc’heskob m (plural arc’heskeb or arc’heskibien or arc’heskibion)

arc’heskob (canonical masculine)
arc’heskeb (plural)
arc’heskibien (plural)
arc’heskibion (plural)


eskob

From Middle Breton eskop, from Proto-Brythonic *eskob, a borrowing from Latin episcopus, from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos, “overseer”). Cognate with Cornish epskop, Welsh esgob.


labous

From Middle Breton lapoucc, laboucc, of unknown origin. Comparisons have been made with Latin locusta, lacusta (“locust, lobster”) and Old English loppestre (whence English lobster), but these present clear phonetic and semantic difficulties if interpreted as cognates.


kasour

kasourien (plural)
kasour (mutation singular unmutated)
gasour (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hasour (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kasourien (mutation plural unmutated)
gasourien (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hasourien (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


enez

From Proto-Brythonic *ɨnɨs, from Proto-Celtic *enistī.


kastelodenn

kastelodennoù (plural)
kastelodenn (mutation singular unmutated)
gastelodenn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hastelodenn (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kastelodennoù (mutation plural unmutated)
gastelodennoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hastelodennoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


kastiz

kastizoù (plural)
kastiz (mutation singular unmutated)
gastiz (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hastiz (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kastizoù (mutation plural unmutated)
gastizoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hastizoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


maouez

maouezed (plural)
maouez (mutation singular unmutated)
vaouez (mutation mutation-soft singular)
maouezed (mutation plural unmutated)
vaouezed (mutation mutation-soft plural)


kasketenn

kasketennoù (plural)
kasketenn (mutation singular unmutated)
gasketenn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hasketenn (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kasketennoù (mutation plural unmutated)
gasketennoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hasketennoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


keuz

From Middle Breton queux, from Old Breton cos, from Proto-Brythonic *kọs, a borrowing from Latin cāseus. Cognate with Cornish keus, Welsh caws.


keuz

From Proto-Brythonic *kọð, from Proto-Celtic *kādos, from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂d-o-s, from the root *keh₂d- (“concern, preoccupation, strong emotion, anger”).


karter

karterioù (plural)
karter (mutation singular unmutated)
garter (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'harter (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
karterioù (mutation plural unmutated)
garterioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'harterioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


askell

head

askell f (dual divaskell, plural eskell)


logod-dall

logod-dall ? (collective, singulative logodenn-dall)


logod

logod m (collective, singulative logodenn)


saout

From Old Breton solt, from Proto-Brythonic *solt, from Latin solidus (“a gold coin”). Compare Cornish sols (“shilling”) and Welsh swllt (“shilling”).


gwiñver

From Proto-Celtic *wiweros. Cognate with Welsh gwiwer.

E-kreiz teñvalder o glasvez e sked sae gell-ruz ar gwiñver.

2019, James Bouillé, editor, Sketla Segobrani, page 117:


dañvadez

dañvadezed (plural)
dañvadez (mutation singular unmutated)
zañvadez (mutation mutation-soft singular)
tañvadez (mutation mutation-hard singular)
dañvadezed (mutation plural unmutated)
zañvadezed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
tañvadezed (mutation mutation-hard plural)


kroc'hen

kroc'hen m (plural krec’hin or krec’hen)

From Proto-Celtic *krokkenom (“skin”), probably loaned from a non-Indo-European substrate language. However, compare Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“ridge, back, spine”) and German Krug.
Cognate with Cornish kroghen, Irish craiceann; Welsh croen (< *kroknom).


kig

kig (mutation singular unmutated)
gig (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hig (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kigoù (mutation plural unmutated)
gigoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'higoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *kig (“meat”), from Proto-Celtic *kīkos (“breast”); compare Welsh cig (“meat”), Old Irish cích (“breast”).


nerzh

From Middle Breton nerz, from Old Breton nerth, from Proto-Brythonic *nerθ, from Proto-Celtic *nertom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ner-to- (“virile, strong”), a derivative of *h₂nḗr (“man; vital energy”). Cognate with Cornish nerth, Welsh nerth and Irish neart.


Galian

Galianed (plural)
Galian (mutation singular unmutated)
C'halian (mutation mutation-soft singular)
Kalian (mutation mutation-hard singular)
Galianed (mutation plural unmutated)
C'halianed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
Kalianed (mutation mutation-hard plural)


Gouezel

Gouezeled (plural)
Gouezel (mutation singular unmutated)
C'houezel (mutation mutation-soft singular)
Kouezel (mutation mutation-hard singular)
Gouezeled (mutation plural unmutated)
C'houezeled (mutation mutation-soft plural)
Kouezeled (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *guɨðel (compare Welsh Gwyddel (“Irishman”)), from Proto-Celtic *weidus (“wild”), from Proto-Indo-European *weydʰ- (“wood, wilderness”) (compare Old English wāþ (“hunt”)).


golvan

golvini (plural)
golvan (mutation singular unmutated)
c'holvan (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kolvan (mutation mutation-hard singular)
golvini (mutation plural unmutated)
c'holvini (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kolvini (mutation mutation-hard plural)


goz

gozed (plural)
goz (mutation singular unmutated)
c'hoz (mutation mutation-soft singular)
koz (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gozed (mutation plural unmutated)
c'hozed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kozed (mutation mutation-hard plural)

Related to South Wales gwadd and Cornish godh. The in the spelling "goz" derives from older /ð/ which survives in Leon (as /z/ or /s/) whereas /ð/ has become silent in most other dialects. Scholars such as Steve Hewitt and Iwan Wmffre suggest that old /ð/ be spelt as a with some diacritic mark (e.g. <ż>) to allow dialects differentiate between the outcomes of older /ð/ and /z/. The spelling "goz" wrongly suggests that the Cornouaille/Trégor pronunciation is [go:s] rather than [go:] (from older [go:ð]).


lagad

head

lagad m (dual daoulagad, plural lagadoù)

From Middle Breton and Old Breton lagat, from Proto-Brythonic *llugad. Cognate with Cornish lagas (“eye”), Welsh llygad (“eye”).

(figurative) light (of sun, moon, stars, etc.)


kouign

kouignoù (plural)
kouign (mutation singular unmutated)
gouign (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'houign (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kouignoù (mutation plural unmutated)
gouignoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'houignoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

Borrowed from presumed older French *cuigne, attested in various dialects as cuignet, cuignot, cuignole, quignon, etc., from coin (“wedge”), from Latin cuneus.


kouign-amann

→ English: kouign-amann

→ French: kouign-amann

From kouign (“cake”) + amann (“butter”).


krampouezh

krampouezh ? (collective, singulative krampouezhenn)

Cognate with Breton krampoth and Welsh crampwyth.


sukr

From Old French çucre, from Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar), from Persian شکر (šakar), from Sanskrit शर्करा (śárkarā, “ground or candied sugar”, originally “grit, gravel”).


pok

pokoù (plural)
pok (mutation singular unmutated)
bok (mutation mutation-soft singular)
fok (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
pokoù (mutation plural unmutated)
bokoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
fokoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Middle Breton pocq (“kiss”), borrowed through Brythonic from Latin (dare) pācem (“to give peace”). See also Welsh impog, pocyn, pocan (“kiss”), Old Irish póc (“kiss”).


gwezenn-gistin

singulative of gwez-kistin (“chestnuts”)


gwerenn

head

gwerenn f (plural gwerennoù or gwerinier)


stagell genurzhiañ

coordinating conjunction
coordinating conjunction


gwez-kistin

gwez-kistin ? (collective, singulative gwezenn-gistin)


gwez

gwez f (plural gwezioù, singulative gwezenn)

From Middle Breton guez, from Old Breton guid, from Proto-Brythonic *gwɨð, from Proto-Celtic *widus.


stagell isurzhiañ

subordinating conjunction
subordinating conjunction


mezventi

mezventioù (plural)
mezventi (mutation singular unmutated)
vezventi (mutation mutation-soft singular)
mezventioù (mutation plural unmutated)
vezventioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)


kontell

kontell f (plural kontelloù or kontilli)

From Middle Breton contell, derived from Vulgar Latin cuntellus, replacing Proto-Brythonic *kullell / Old Breton cultell (compare Cornish kollell, Welsh cyllell), from Latin cultellus.


kistin

kistinenn (singulative)
kistinenn (mutation singular unmutated)
gistinenn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'histinenn (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kistin (mutation plural unmutated)
gistin (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'histin (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Latin castanea (compare Cornish kesten), from Ancient Greek κᾰ́στᾰνᾰ (kástana).


gwer

From Middle Breton guezr, from Proto-Brythonic *gwɨrð with influence from guezr (“glass”), a borrowing from Vulgar Latin virdis, from Latin viridis (“green”).


gwer

From Middle Breton guezr, from Proto-Brythonic *gwɨdr, a borrowing from Latin vitrum (“glass”).


greun

From Proto-Brythonic *grọn, from Proto-Celtic *grānom, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂nóm.


evor

From Middle Breton euor, from Proto-Brythonic *eβor, from Proto-Celtic *eburos (“yew”).


kegin

Cognate with Welsh cegin (“woodpecker”).


kegin

keginoù (plural)
kegin (mutation singular unmutated)
gegin (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hegin (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
keginoù (mutation plural unmutated)
geginoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'heginoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Old Breton covin, from Proto-Brythonic *kėgin (whence also Welsh cegin and Cornish kegin), from Late Latin cocīna, from earlier coquīna.


gwern

gwern ? (plural gwernioù, singulative gwernenn)

gwernioù (plural)
gwernenn (singulative)

From Middle Breton guern, from Old Breton guern, guaern, from Proto-Brythonic *gwern, from Proto-Celtic *wernā (compare Gaulish uerna, Old Irish fern and French vergne).


spered

From Proto-Brythonic *spɨrɨd, borrowed from Latin spiritus.


Breizhad

Breizhiz (plural)
Breizhad (mutation singular unmutated)
Vreizhad (mutation mutation-soft singular)
Preizhad (mutation mutation-hard singular)
Breizhiz (mutation plural unmutated)
Vreizhiz (mutation mutation-soft plural)
Preizhiz (mutation mutation-hard plural)


goprad

gopridi (plural)
goprad (mutation singular unmutated)
c'hoprad (mutation mutation-soft singular)
koprad (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gopridi (mutation plural unmutated)
c'hopridi (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kopridi (mutation mutation-hard plural)


Tregeriad

Tregeriz (plural)
Tregeriad (mutation singular unmutated)
Dregeriad (mutation mutation-soft singular)
Zregeriad (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
Tregeriz (mutation plural unmutated)
Dregeriz (mutation mutation-soft plural)
Zregeriz (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


Tregeriadez

Tregeriadezed (plural)
Tregeriadez (mutation singular unmutated)
Dregeriadez (mutation mutation-soft singular)
Zregeriadez (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
Tregeriadezed (mutation plural unmutated)
Dregeriadezed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
Zregeriadezed (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


Gwenedadez

Gwenedadezed (plural)
Gwenedadez (mutation singular unmutated)
Wenedadez (mutation mutation-soft singular)
Kwenedadez (mutation mutation-hard singular)
Gwenedadezed (mutation plural unmutated)
Wenedadezed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
Kwenedadezed (mutation mutation-hard plural)


Kernevad

Kerneviz (plural)
Kernevad (mutation singular unmutated)
Gernevad (mutation mutation-soft singular)
C'hernevad (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
Kerneviz (mutation plural unmutated)
Gerneviz (mutation mutation-soft plural)
C'herneviz (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


Gwenedad

Gwenediz (plural)
Gwenedad (mutation singular unmutated)
Wenedad (mutation mutation-soft singular)
Kwenedad (mutation mutation-hard singular)
Gwenediz (mutation plural unmutated)
Wenediz (mutation mutation-soft plural)
Kwenediz (mutation mutation-hard plural)


Kernevadez

Kernevadezed (plural)
Kernevadez (mutation singular unmutated)
Gernevadez (mutation mutation-soft singular)
C'hernevadez (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
Kernevadezed (mutation plural unmutated)
Gernevadezed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
C'hernevadezed (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


erc'h

From Proto-Brythonic *ėrɣ (“snow”). Compare Cornish ergh and Welsh eira.


kudenn

kudennoù (plural)
kudenn (mutation singular unmutated)
gudenn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hudenn (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kudennoù (mutation plural unmutated)
gudennoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hudennoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Celtic [Term?] (compare Welsh cudyn).


pluñv

From Middle Breton pluff, from Proto-Brythonic *plʉβ̃, a borrowing from Latin plūma. Cognate with Cornish pluv, Welsh plu, pluf.


frouezh

frouezh ? (collective, singulative frouezhenn)

From Proto-Brythonic *fruɨθ, from Latin fructus (compare Welsh ffrwyth).


gweltenn

gweltenn (mutation singular unmutated)
weltenn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kweltenn (mutation mutation-hard singular)


delienn

From Proto-Brythonic *döl, from Proto-Celtic *dolyā, from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰelh₁- (“blossom”). Related to del and cognate with Welsh dail.


geotenn

geotenn (mutation singular unmutated)
c'heotenn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
keotenn (mutation mutation-hard singular)


bleuñv

bleuñv m (collective, singulative bleuñvenn)

From Middle Breton bleuzff, from Old Breton bloduu, from Proto-Celtic *blātus (compare Welsh blodyn, Cornish bleujen, Irish bláth), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“blossom, flower”).


gwadgi

gwadgon (plural)
gwadgi (mutation singular unmutated)
wadgi (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kwadgi (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gwadgon (mutation plural unmutated)
wadgon (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kwadgon (mutation mutation-hard plural)


kordenn

kerdin (plural)
kordenn (mutation singular unmutated)
gordenn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hordenn (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kerdin (mutation plural unmutated)
gerdin (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'herdin (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


laou

head

laou ? (collective, singulative laouenn)

From Middle Breton lou, from Proto-Brythonic *lou̯ā, *luu̯ā, from Proto-Celtic *luwā (compare Cornish low, Welsh llau), from Proto-Indo-European *lewH- (compare English louse).


preñv

preñv (mutation singular unmutated)
breñv (mutation mutation-soft singular)
freñv (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
preñved (mutation plural unmutated)
breñved (mutation mutation-soft plural)
freñved (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Middle Breton preff, from Proto-Brythonic *prɨβ̃, from Proto-Celtic *kʷrimis.


skouarn

skouarn f (plural skouarnoù, dual divskouarn)

From Middle Breton scouarn, from Proto-Brythonic *skuβarn. Cognate with Cornish skovarn, archaic Welsh ysgyfarn.

(figuratively) handle (of vase, pot, etc.)


gwelt

gweltenn (singulative)
gwelt (mutation singular unmutated)
welt (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kwelt (mutation mutation-hard singular)

From Old Breton guelt, from Proto-Brythonic *gwellt, from Proto-Celtic *gʷeltā.


genoù

genaouioù (plural)
genoù (mutation singular unmutated)
c'henoù (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kenoù (mutation mutation-hard singular)
genaouioù (mutation plural unmutated)
c'henaouioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kenaouioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)


gwrizienn

gwrizioù (plural)
gwrizienn (mutation singular unmutated)
wrizienn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kwrizienn (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gwrizioù (mutation plural unmutated)
wrizioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kwrizioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Middle Breton gruizyenn, from Old Breton uraed + -enn (compare Welsh gwreiddyn, Cornish gwreydhen), from Proto-Celtic *wradios, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds.


bouzellenn

bouzelloù (plural)
bouzellenn (mutation singular unmutated)
vouzellenn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
pouzellenn (mutation mutation-hard singular)
bouzelloù (mutation plural unmutated)
vouzelloù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
pouzelloù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

(anatomy, mostly in the plural) intestine


traezhenn

traezhenn f (plural traezhennoù, collective traezh)

traezhennoù (plural)
traezh (collective)


traezh

traezh m (collective, plural traezhioù, singulative traezhenn)

traezhioù (plural)
traezhenn (singulative)

From Middle Breton traez (“beach”), from Proto-Brythonic *traɨθ, from Proto-Celtic *traxtus. Cognate with Cornish treth (“beach, sand”), Welsh traeth (“beach”), and Irish trácht (“beach”).


eurier-traezh

/øʁjɛʁˈtʁɛːs/


gwad

gwadoù (plural)
gwad (mutation singular unmutated)
wad (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kwad (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gwadoù (mutation plural unmutated)
wadoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kwadoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Celtic *waytos, probably ultimately from the root of gwythi (“veins”), see that entry for cognates. Cognate with Welsh gwaed and Cornish goes.


gwreg

gwragez (plural)
gwreg (mutation singular unmutated)
wreg (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kwreg (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gwragez (mutation plural unmutated)
wragez (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kwragez (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Middle Breton gruec, from Proto-Brythonic *gwrėg.


gouzoug

gouzougoù (plural)
gouzoug (mutation singular unmutated)
c'houzoug (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kouzoug (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gouzougoù (mutation plural unmutated)
c'houzougoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kouzougoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Middle Breton guozouc, from Old Breton guodoc (cognate to Welsh gwddwg), from Proto-Celtic *wodwos (“spoils”), from Proto-Indo-European *wedʰH- (“strike”). The sense evolution would be from referring to captives as (countable) necks.


oabl

oabl m (plural oabloù, singulative oablenn)


geot

geot f (collective, singulative geotenn)

geotenn (singulative)
geot (mutation singular unmutated)
c'heot (mutation mutation-soft singular)
keot (mutation mutation-hard singular)

From Old Breton guelt, from Proto-Brythonic *gwellt, from Proto-Celtic *gʷeltā (compare Welsh gwellt, Cornish gwels).


ivin

From Middle Breton euin, from Old Breton eguin, from Proto-Brythonic *ėɣwin, from Proto-Celtic *angʷīnā (compare Cornish ewyn, Welsh ewin, Irish ionga), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃nogʰ- (“nail”) (compare Latin unguis).


ivin

From Middle Breton iuinenn, from Old Breton iuguinenn, from Proto-Celtic *iwos (compare Cornish ywin, Welsh yw, Old Irish eó), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyHw- (compare English yew).


neñv

From Old Breton nem, from Proto-Brythonic *neβ̃, from Proto-Celtic *nemos, from Proto-Indo-European *nébʰos (“cloud”). Cognate with Cornish nev, Welsh nef and Irish neamh.


koumoul

koumoul m (collective, singulative koumoulenn)

koumoulenn (singulative)
koumoulenn (mutation singular unmutated)
goumoulenn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'houmoulenn (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
koumoul (mutation plural unmutated)
goumoul (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'houmoul (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *kuml, borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin cumulus (compare Welsh cwmwl).


gwent

gwentoù (plural)
gwent (mutation singular unmutated)
went (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kwent (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gwentoù (mutation plural unmutated)
wentoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kwentoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *gwɨnt, from Proto-Celtic *wintos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wéh₁n̥ts (“blowing”), present participle of *h₂weh₁-.


gour

gour m (plural goured or gourien or gourion)

goured (plural)
gourien (plural)
gourion (plural)

From Middle Breton *gur, from Old Breton gur, from Proto-Brythonic *gwur, from Proto-Celtic *wiros.


kof

kofoù (plural)
kof (mutation singular unmutated)
gof (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hof (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kofoù (mutation plural unmutated)
gofoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hofoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


troad

treid (plural)
troad (mutation singular unmutated)
droad (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zroad (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
treid (mutation plural unmutated)
dreid (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zreid (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Celtic *tregess. Cognate with Welsh troed (“foot”).


houad

From Middle Breton houat, from Proto-Brythonic *(s)awjetos (compare Cornish hos, Welsh hwyad), from Proto-Celtic *awis (compare dialectal Irish aoi (“swan”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwis (“bird”) (compare Latin avis).


kevredigezh

kevredigezhioù (plural)
kevredigezh (mutation singular unmutated)
gevredigezh (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hevredigezh (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kevredigezhioù (mutation plural unmutated)
gevredigezhioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hevredigezhioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


nev

Borrowed from French nef, from Latin nāvis (“ship”).


diwan

diwanoù (plural)
divan (mutation singular unmutated)
zivan (mutation mutation-soft singular)
tivan (mutation mutation-hard singular)
divanoù (mutation plural unmutated)
zivanoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
tivanoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)


gwezh

gwezhioù (plural)
gwezh (mutation singular unmutated)
wezh (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kwezh (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gwezhioù (mutation plural unmutated)
wezhioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kwezhioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Old Breton gueith, from Proto-Brythonic *gweiθ, from Proto-Celtic *wextā (“time, course, turn”) (compare Cornish gweyth, Welsh gwaith, Old Irish fecht (“journey”)), feminine past participle of Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to carry, drive”). A more modern form gwech is often found instead of the original form gwezh.

der

N'eo ket ar wezh kentañ e klask skrivañ ul lizher.

This is not the first time he tries writing a letter.


lestr

From Old Breton lestr, from Proto-Brythonic *llestr, from Proto-Celtic *lestrom (“pot”) (compare Welsh llestr (“vessel, receptacle”), Irish leastar), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *les- (“to gather”) + *-trom.


konikl

konikled (plural)
konikl (mutation singular unmutated)
gonikl (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'honikl (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
konikled (mutation plural unmutated)
gonikled (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'honikled (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


marc'had

marc'hadoù (plural)
marc'had (mutation singular unmutated)
varc'had (mutation mutation-soft singular)
marc'hadoù (mutation plural unmutated)
varc'hadoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)

From Old Breton marchat, from Proto-Brythonic *marxad, from Vulgar Latin marcatus, from Latin mercātus.


deiz-ha-bloaz

deiz-ha-bloaz (mutation singular unmutated)
zeiz-ha-bloaz (mutation mutation-soft singular)
teiz-ha-bloaz (mutation mutation-hard singular)


montroù

/ˈmɔ̃n.tʁɔʊ/


montr

montroù (plural)
montr (mutation singular unmutated)
vontr (mutation mutation-soft singular)
montroù (mutation plural unmutated)
vontroù (mutation mutation-soft plural)

[...] that has not really happened in Breton, where they still say ma montr zo o tréssa [P] 'My watch is fixing (=being fixed)'.

1990, Thomas Arwyn Watkins, Martin John Ball, Celtic Linguistics / Ieithyddiaeth Geltaidd: Readings in the Brythonic Languages, page 178:


tiern

tierned (plural)
tiern (mutation singular unmutated)
diern (mutation mutation-soft singular)
ziern (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
tierned (mutation plural unmutated)
dierned (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zierned (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Old Breton tiern, from Proto-Brythonic *tɨɣern, from Proto-Celtic *tigernos (compare Welsh teyrn, Cornish tern, Irish Tiarna, and Gaulish tigerno- (“lord, master of the house”)).


taran

taranoù (plural)
taran (mutation singular unmutated)
daran (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zaran (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
taranoù (mutation plural unmutated)
daranoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zaranoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Old Breton taran, from Proto-Brythonic *taran, from Proto-Celtic *toranos (“thunder”).


oaz

From Proto-Celtic *aydus (compare Welsh aidd, Old Irish áed), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“burn; fire”) (compare Latin aedis, Old English ād (“pyre”), Ancient Greek αἴθω (aíthō)).


huzel

From Brito-Latin hybrid *sūdikul (compare Cornish hudhygel, Welsh huddygl), from Proto-Celtic *sūdiā (compare Old Irish suide), from Proto-Indo-European *suh₃d-, metathesis of Proto-Indo-European *sh₃ud- (compare English soot).


melc'hwed

melc’hwed (canonical feminine)
melc’hwedenn (singulative)
melc'hwedenn (mutation singular unmutated)
velc'hwedenn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
melc'hwed (mutation plural unmutated)
velc'hwed (mutation mutation-soft plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *melw- (“soft”), from Proto-Celtic *meldo- (“pleasant, mild”), *mlido (“soft”), from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥dus (“soft, weak”); compare Breton melw (“snot”)); akin to Cornish melhwes, Welsh malwod. Also see Gaulish *multon- (“sheep”), which could be related. Cf. also Romanian melc (“snail”).


kazetenn

kazetennoù (plural)
kazetenn (mutation singular unmutated)
gazetenn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hazetenn (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kazetennoù (mutation plural unmutated)
gazetennoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hazetennoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


koad

From Proto-Brythonic *koɨd, from Proto-Celtic *kaitos, from Proto-Indo-European *kayt-, *ḱayt- (“forest, wasteland, pasture”). Cognate with Welsh coed, English heath.


karantez

karantezioù (plural)
karantez (mutation singular unmutated)
garantez (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'harantez (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
karantezioù (mutation plural unmutated)
garantezioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'harantezioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Middle Breton carat (recorded in the Catholicon), from Proto-Brythonic *karɨd, from Proto-Celtic *kareti (“to love”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”). Cognate with Cornish kara and Welsh caru.


boutailh

boutailhoù (plural)
boutailh (mutation singular unmutated)
voutailh (mutation mutation-soft singular)
poutailh (mutation mutation-hard singular)
boutailhoù (mutation plural unmutated)
voutailhoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
poutailhoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)


balafenn

balafenned (plural)
balafenn (mutation singular unmutated)
valafenn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
palafenn (mutation mutation-hard singular)
balafenned (mutation plural unmutated)
valafenned (mutation mutation-soft plural)
palafenned (mutation mutation-hard plural)


c'hoar

From Proto-Brythonic *hwoɨr, from Proto-Celtic *swesūr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr. Compare Welsh chwaer.


munutenn

munutennoù (plural)
munutenn (mutation singular unmutated)
vunutenn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
munutennoù (mutation plural unmutated)
vunutennoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)


tannoed

tannoedoù (plural)
tannoed (mutation singular unmutated)
dannoed (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zannoed (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
tannoedoù (mutation plural unmutated)
dannoedoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zannoedoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


krec'h

krec'hioù (plural)
krec'h (mutation singular unmutated)
grec'h (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hrec'h (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
krec'hioù (mutation plural unmutated)
grec'hioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hrec'hioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

Mentioned in the Catholicon (Middle Breton knech).
From Old Breton cnoch, from Proto-Brythonic *knux, from Proto-Celtic *knukkos (“hill”) (compare Welsh cnwch (“hill, mount”), Irish cnoc (“hill, mount”)).


kivijer

kivijerien (plural)
kivijer (mutation singular unmutated)
givijer (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hivijer (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kivijerien (mutation plural unmutated)
givijerien (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hivijerien (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


kemener

kemenerien (plural)
kemener (mutation singular unmutated)
gemener (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hemener (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kemenerien (mutation plural unmutated)
gemenerien (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hemenerien (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

With agentive suffix -er derived from kemenañ, from Proto-Brythonic *kummɨnad, from Proto-Celtic *kombinati.


kanevedenn

kanevedennoù (plural)
kanevedenn (mutation singular unmutated)
ganevedenn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hanevedenn (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kanevedennoù (mutation plural unmutated)
ganevedennoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hanevedennoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


bleunienn

bleunioù (plural)
bleunienn (mutation singular unmutated)
vleunienn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
pleunienn (mutation mutation-hard singular)
bleunioù (mutation plural unmutated)
vleunioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
pleunioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)


moger

mogerioù (plural)
moger (mutation singular unmutated)
voger (mutation mutation-soft singular)
mogerioù (mutation plural unmutated)
vogerioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)


logodenn

singulative of logod (“mice; meatballs”)


maneg

From Proto-Brythonic *maneg, from Latin manica. Cognate with Welsh maneg, Cornish manek, and more distantly Irish muinchille.


derez-uhelañ

derezioù-uhelañ (plural)
derez-uhelañ (mutation singular unmutated)
zerez-uhelañ (mutation mutation-soft singular)
terez-uhelañ (mutation mutation-hard singular)
derezioù-uhelañ (mutation plural unmutated)
zerezioù-uhelañ (mutation mutation-soft plural)
terezioù-uhelañ (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From derez (“degree”) + uhelañ (“highest”).


bagad

bagad (mutation singular unmutated)
vagad (mutation mutation-soft singular)
pagad (mutation mutation-hard singular)
bagadoù (mutation plural unmutated)
vagadoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
pagadoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

Originally "cluster," "bunch," from Middle Breton bagat, from Old Breton bacat, possibly ultimately borrowed from Latin baca (“berry, pearl”), or otherwise from its same ultimate source.


derez-uheloc'h

head

derez-uheloc'h m (plural derezioù-uheloc'h)

derezioù-uheloc'h (plural)
derez-uheloc'h (mutation singular unmutated)
zerez-uheloc'h (mutation mutation-soft singular)
terez-uheloc'h (mutation mutation-hard singular)
derezioù-uheloc'h (mutation plural unmutated)
zerezioù-uheloc'h (mutation mutation-soft plural)
terezioù-uheloc'h (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From derez (“degree”) + uheloc'h (“higher”).


klask

klask (mutation unmutated)
glask (mutation mutation-soft)
c'hlask (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Breton clasq, possibly from Vulgar Latin *quaest-, a frequentative of Latin quaero (“I seek, look for”). Cognate with Welsh casglu.

en ur glask + verb.

En ur glask lenn da levr ez eus bet graet goap ouzhin gantañ.

I was being laughed at while I was trying to read your book.