Bahamas

Bahamas (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean)


Bangladesh

Bangladesh (mutation singular unmutated)
Vangladesh (mutation mutation-soft singular)
Pangladesh (mutation mutation-hard singular)


Brazil

Brazil (A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


Guatemala

Guatemala (a country in Central America)


eo

third-person singular present indicative of bezañ


Iran

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Costa Rica

Costa Rica (a country in Central America)


Benin

Benin (a country in West Africa, formerly Dahomey)


Barbados

Barbados (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Eritrea

Eritrea (a country in East Africa, on the Red Sea)


te

From Proto-Brythonic *ti, from Proto-Celtic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognate to Welsh ti.


vi

From Proto-Celtic *āwyom (compare Welsh wy, Cornish oy), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm (“egg”).


A

The first letter of the Breton alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.


war

warnon (singular)
warnomp (plural)
warnout (singular)
warnoc'h (plural)
warnañ (singular)
warno (plural third-person)
warni (singular)
warnor (plural)

War ar sizhun.

War an doal emañ ar bara.

War an doal e vez ar bara.


bank

Ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *banki.


o

o zad


en

e (preposition "in") + un (indefinite article "a(n)")

e (preposition "in") + an (definite article "the")


el

e (preposition “in”) + ul (indefinite article “a(n)”)

e (preposition “in”) + al (definite article “the”)


balan

head

balan ? (collective, singulative balanenn)


person

personed (plural)
person (mutation singular unmutated)
berson (mutation mutation-soft singular)
ferson (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
personed (mutation plural unmutated)
bersoned (mutation mutation-soft plural)
fersoned (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


tan

tanioù (plural)
tan (mutation singular unmutated)
dan (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zan (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
tanioù (mutation plural unmutated)
danioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zanioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Middle Breton tan, from Old Breton tan, from Proto-Brythonic *tan, from Proto-Celtic *teɸnets (“fire”) (compare Old Irish teine, Welsh tân).


del

From Proto-Brythonic *döl (whence also Welsh dail), from Proto-Celtic *dolyā. Cognate with Middle Irish duille, from Old Irish duilne, from a variant form *dolnyā; both are from Proto-Indo-European *dʰelh₁- (“blossom”), whence also Ancient Greek θάλλω (thállō, “to bloom”), Old English dile (“dill”), and Old Armenian դալար (dalar, “green, fresh”).


hi

From Proto-Celtic *sī. Cognate to Welsh hi.


bran

brini (plural)
bran (mutation singular unmutated)
vran (mutation mutation-soft singular)
pran (mutation mutation-hard singular)
brini (mutation plural unmutated)
vrini (mutation mutation-soft plural)
prini (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *bran, from Proto-Celtic *branos, from Proto-Indo-European *werneh₂- (“crow”).
Compare Tocharian B wrauña, Lithuanian várna.


re

From Proto-Celtic *ɸro- (compare Welsh rhy, Irish ró-).


dua

o tua (mutated)
dua (mutation unmutated)
zua (mutation mutation-soft)
tua (mutation mutation-hard)
tua (mutation mutation-mixed)


had

From Proto-Brythonic *had, from Proto-Celtic *satos, from *sh₁-tó-, past participle of Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow”). Cognate with English seed.


bed

bedoù (plural)
bed (mutation singular unmutated)
ved (mutation mutation-soft singular)
ped (mutation mutation-hard singular)
bedoù (mutation plural unmutated)
vedoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
pedoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *bɨd, from Proto-Celtic *bitus. Cognates include Welsh byd and Cornish bys.


he

he zad


lost

Cognate with Welsh llost, Cornish lost, Gaulish losto-, from Proto-Celtic *lustā, from Proto-Indo-European *lew- (“to divide, split”), possibly related to Old Norse ljósta (“to strike”), Proto-Germanic *leustaną.

der

Ha ma lost bras 'zo bet troc'het

And my big penis was cut off (from a Breton bawdy song)


me

From Proto-Brythonic *mi, from Proto-Celtic *mī, from Proto-Indo-European *me (“me”). Cognate to Welsh mi.


rod

From Proto-Brythonic *rrod, from Proto-Celtic *rotos, from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂os.


sell

From Proto-Celtic *stillom, cognate to Welsh syll and Old Irish sell.


broad

broiz (plural)
broad (mutation singular unmutated)
vroad (mutation mutation-soft singular)
proad (mutation mutation-hard singular)
broiz (mutation plural unmutated)
vroiz (mutation mutation-soft plural)
proiz (mutation mutation-hard plural)


broad

broadoù (plural)
broad (mutation singular unmutated)
vroad (mutation mutation-soft singular)
proad (mutation mutation-hard singular)
broadoù (mutation plural unmutated)
vroadoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
proadoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)


bag

Probably tied to Old French bac (“flat boat”), itself of obscure origin, although compare Vulgar Latin *baccinum (“wide bowl”).

unk

obscure


neutron

head

neutron m (collective, plural neutronennoù, singulative neutronenn)

neutronennoù (plural)
neutronenn (singulative)


du

du (mutation unmutated)
zu (mutation mutation-soft)
never occurs (mutation mutation-aspirate)
never occurs (mutation mutation-hard)
duoc'h (comparative mutation unmutated)
zuoc'h (comparative mutation mutation-soft)
never occurs (comparative mutation mutation-aspirate)
never occurs (comparative mutation mutation-hard)
duañ (mutation superlative unmutated)
zuañ (mutation mutation-soft superlative)
tuañ (mutation mutation-hard superlative)

From Proto-Brythonic *duβ, from Proto-Celtic *dubus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.


du

du (mutation singular unmutated)
zu (mutation mutation-soft singular)
tu (mutation mutation-hard singular)


du

du (mutation unmutated)
zu (mutation mutation-soft)
tu (mutation mutation-hard)
tu (mutation mutation-mixed)

third-person singular present indicative of duañ


proton

proton m (collective, plural protonennoù, singulative protonenn)

protonennoù (plural)
protonenn (singulative)


metal

metaloù (plural)
metal (mutation singular unmutated)
vetal (mutation mutation-soft singular)
metaloù (mutation plural unmutated)
vetaloù (mutation mutation-soft plural)


fri

Cognate with Cornish frig (“nostril”); perhaps related to Proto-Celtic *srognā (compare Welsh ffroen (“nostril”), Old Irish srón (“nose”)).


e

ennon (singular)
ennomp (plural)
ennout (singular)
ennoc'h (plural)
ennañ (singular)
enno (plural third-person)
enni (singular)
ennor (plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *ɨn, from Proto-Celtic *eni.


tre

Mat-tre!


ha

From Proto-Brythonic *(h)a, from Proto-Indo-European *ad-gʰe (compare with Cornish ha, Welsh a, ag).


atom

atom m (collective, plural atomennoù, singulative atomenn)

atomennoù (plural)
atomenn (singulative)


ni

From Proto-Brythonic *ni, from Proto-Celtic *snīs.

we (first-person plural personal pronoun)


ni

From Proto-Brythonic *nei, from Proto-Celtic *neɸūss, from Proto-Indo-European *népōts.


un

From Proto-Brythonic *ʉn, from Proto-Celtic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos.


kana

kana (mutation unmutated)
gana (mutation mutation-soft)
c'hana (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Breton canaff, from Proto-Brythonic *kėnɨd (compare Welsh canu), from Proto-Celtic *kaneti (“to sing”) (compare Irish canadh), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂n-.


tri

From Proto-Brythonic *tri, from Proto-Celtic *trīs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.


ho

ho preudeur


Turkia

Turkey (a country located in Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


tu

From Proto-Brythonic *tʉβ, from Proto-Celtic *toibos, whence also Old Irish tóeb and Irish taobh. Cognate with Welsh tu, Cornish tu.


ti

From Proto-Brythonic *tɨɣ, from Proto-Celtic *tegos, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg-.


bont

bontoù (plural)
bont (mutation singular unmutated)
vont (mutation mutation-soft singular)
pont (mutation mutation-hard singular)
bontoù (mutation plural unmutated)
vontoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
pontoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)


se

Petra eo se?


Egipt

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


gast

gisti (plural)
gast (mutation singular unmutated)
c'hast (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kast (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gisti (mutation plural unmutated)
c'histi (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kisti (mutation mutation-hard plural)

Cognate with Cornish gest, Welsh gast, and Middle Irish gast (a loanword from Brythonic).


glad

gladoù (plural)
glad (mutation singular unmutated)
c'hlad (mutation mutation-soft singular)
klad (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gladoù (mutation plural unmutated)
c'hladoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kladoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Middle Breton gloat (“kingdom, wealth”), from Proto-Brythonic *gwlad, from Proto-Celtic *wlatis (“sovereignty”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wélh₁tis ~ *h₂wl̥h₁téy-, from the root *h₂welh₁-.


brav

brav (mutation unmutated)
vrav (mutation mutation-soft)
never occurs (mutation mutation-aspirate)
never occurs (mutation mutation-hard)
never occurs (comparative mutation mutation-aspirate)
never occurs (comparative mutation mutation-hard)

Borrowed from Middle French brave, from Italian bravo, from Medieval Latin *bravus, from a conflation of Latin pravus with barbarus. Cognate with Welsh braf.


don

From Proto-Brythonic *duβn, from Proto-Celtic *dubnos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰubʰnós.


aber

→ French: aber


gar

divc’har (dual)
garoù (plural)
gar (mutation singular unmutated)
c'har (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kar (mutation mutation-hard singular)
garoù (mutation plural unmutated)
c'haroù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
karoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Middle Breton garr, from Proto-Brythonic *garr, from Proto-Celtic *garros.


gar

kar (mutation singular unmutated)
gar (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'har (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kerent (mutation plural unmutated)
gerent (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'herent (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


kon

ki (mutation singular unmutated)
gi (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hi (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kon (mutation plural unmutated)
gon (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hon (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


per

From Middle Breton per, from Proto-Brythonic *per, a borrowing from Latin pira, plural of pirum. Cognate with Cornish per, Welsh pêr.


per

From Proto-Celtic *kʷaryos. Compare Cornish per, Welsh pair.


tor

From Middle Breton torr, teur, from Old Breton tar, from Proto-Celtic *torr-V- (“belly”), of uncertain origin; according to Matasovic, of non-Indo-European origin, but according to MacBain, from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to turn, rub”), cognate with Proto-Germanic *þarmaz (“guts, intestines”), Ancient Greek τάμισος (támisos, “rennet”).


tor

tor (mutation singular unmutated)
dor (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zor (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
torioù (mutation plural unmutated)
dorioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zorioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


hen

From Proto-Brythonic *hen, from Proto-Celtic *senos, from Proto-Indo-European *sénos.


ken

From Proto-Brythonic *ken, from Proto-Celtic *kina (“on this side of”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe (“this, here”).

ken (bras)

(n'eo ket) ken (bras ha me)

(n'ouzon ket) ken


Belgia

Belgia (mutation singular unmutated)
Velgia (mutation mutation-soft singular)
Pelgia (mutation mutation-hard singular)

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


barn

barn (mutation unmutated)
varn (mutation mutation-soft)
parn (mutation mutation-hard)
varn (mutation mutation-mixed)
barnan (first-person indicative present singular)
barnen (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
barnis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
barnin (first-person future indicative singular)
barnfen (conditional first-person present singular)
barnjen (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
barnez (indicative present second-person singular)
barnes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
barnjout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
barni (future indicative second-person singular)
barnfes (conditional present second-person singular)
barnjes (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
barn (imperative second-person singular)
barn (indicative present singular third-person)
barne (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
barnas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
barno (future indicative singular third-person)
barnfe (conditional present singular third-person)
barnje (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
barnet (imperative singular third-person)
barnomp (first-person indicative plural present)
barnemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
barnjomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
barnimp (first-person future indicative plural)
barnfemp (conditional first-person plural present)
barnjemp (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
barnomp (first-person imperative plural)
barnit (indicative plural present second-person)
barnec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
barnjoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
barnot (future indicative plural second-person)
barnfec'h (conditional plural present second-person)
barnjec'h (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
barnit (imperative plural second-person)
barnont (indicative plural present third-person)
barnent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
barnjont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
barnint (future indicative plural third-person)
barnfent (conditional plural present third-person)
barnjent (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
barnent (imperative plural third-person)
barner (impersonal indicative present)
barned (imperfect impersonal indicative)
barnjod (impersonal indicative preterite)
barnor (future impersonal indicative)
barnfed (conditional impersonal present)
barnjed (conditional imperfect impersonal)
barn (imperfect infinitive preterite)
a varn- (mutation-soft)
o varn (imperfect participle present preterite)
e varn- (mutation-mixed)
barnet (auxiliary verb: kaout) (imperfect participle past preterite)
ne (mutation-soft)
na varn- (mutation-soft)

From Proto-Celtic *barnati (“proclaim”). Cognate with Cornish barna.


den

From Proto-Brythonic *dün, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰom-yo- (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”).


da

dimp (singular)
dimp (plural)
deomp (plural)
dit (singular)
deoc'h (plural)
dezhañ (singular)
dezho (plural third-person)
dezhi (singular)
deor (plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *di, from Proto-Celtic *dū (“to”). Cognate to Welsh i (“to”).

An den a zo aet da Vreizh.


da

From Proto-Celtic *towe (“your, thy”); compare Cornish dha, Welsh dy, Irish do. See te (“you”).


out

second-person singular present indicative of bezañ


bier

From Dutch bier, from Middle Dutch bier, from Old Dutch bier, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ (“beer”).


-er

brezhoneg (“Breton (language)”) + -er → brezhoneger (“Breton-speaker”)

c'hoari (“game; to play”) + -er → c'hoarier (“player, actor”)

tredan (“electricity”) + -er → tredaner (“electrician”)

person or thing that (does the action indicated by the root); used to form an agent noun.


-ed

kazhez (“female cat”) + -ed → kazhezed (“female cats”)


aer

Borrowed from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr).


rok

Related to Irish rucas (“pride, arrogance”). Possibly borrowed into English as rogue.


abad

Inherited from Proto-Brythonic *abad, from Ecclesiastical Latin abbās, from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אַבָּא (’abbā, “father”).


boue

From Middle English buie, from Middle Dutch boeye, of Germanic origin, from Old Dutch *bōcan, from Frankish *baukn (“symbol, sign”).


mel

From Proto-Celtic *meli (“honey”) (compare Welsh mêl, Old Irish mil), from Proto-Indo-European *mélid, whence also Latin mel (“honey”).


avel

From Middle Breton avel, from Old Breton auel, from Proto-Brythonic *awel (“wind”), from Proto-Celtic *awelā (“wind, breeze”) (compare Cornish awel and Welsh awel).


va

Va zad


trist

From Proto-Brythonic *trist, from Latin trīstis. Compare Welsh trist, French triste.


tra

traoù (plural)
tra (mutation singular unmutated)
dra (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zra (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
traoù (mutation plural unmutated)
draoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zraoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


dont

dont (mutation unmutated)
zont (mutation mutation-soft)
tont (mutation mutation-hard)
tont (mutation mutation-mixed)
deuan (first-person indicative present singular)
deuen (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
deuis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
deuin (first-person future indicative singular)
deufen (conditional first-person present singular)
deujen (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
deuez (indicative present second-person singular)
deues (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
deujout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
deui (future indicative second-person singular)
deufes (conditional present second-person singular)
deujes (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
deu (imperative second-person singular)
deu (indicative present singular third-person)
deue (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
deuas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
deuo (future indicative singular third-person)
deufe (conditional present singular third-person)
deuje (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
deuet (imperative singular third-person)
deuomp (first-person indicative plural present)
deuemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
deujomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
deuimp (first-person future indicative plural)
deufemp (conditional first-person plural present)
deujemp (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
deuomp (first-person imperative plural)
deuit (indicative plural present second-person)
deuec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
deujoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
deuot (future indicative plural second-person)
deufec'h (conditional plural present second-person)
deujec'h (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
deuit (imperative plural second-person)
deuont (indicative plural present third-person)
deuent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
deujont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
deuint (future indicative plural third-person)
deufent (conditional plural present third-person)
deujent (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
deuent (imperative plural third-person)
deuer (impersonal indicative present)
deued (imperfect impersonal indicative)
deujod (impersonal indicative preterite)
deuor (future impersonal indicative)
deufed (conditional impersonal present)
deujed (conditional imperfect impersonal)
dont (imperfect infinitive preterite)
donet (imperfect infinitive preterite)
a zeu- (mutation-soft)
o tont (imperfect participle present preterite)
e teu- (mutation-mixed)
deuet (auxiliary verb: bezañ) (imperfect participle past preterite)
ne (mutation-soft)
na zeu- (mutation-soft)

A suppletive verb. The verbal noun is from Middle Breton donet (influenced by monet (“to go”)), from Old Breton diminet. Cognate with Welsh dyfod, dod, and Cornish dos, dones; from Old Breton di, do + monet (“to go”). The other forms are from Proto-Celtic *toageti, itself also a suppletive verb (stemming from *ageti (“to drive”) and *pelh₂-). See also Old Irish do·aig (“to drive off”).


mad

From Proto-Brythonic *mad, from Proto-Celtic *matis.


bro

broioù (plural)
bro (mutation singular unmutated)
vro (mutation mutation-soft singular)
pro (mutation mutation-hard singular)
broioù (mutation plural unmutated)
vroioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
proioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *broɣ, from Proto-Celtic *mrogis.


mat

mat (mutation unmutated)
vat (mutation mutation-soft)
vat (mutation mutation-mixed)

From Proto-Celtic *matis (compare Irish maith).


yen

An dour zo yen.


hir

From Middle Breton hir, from Proto-Brythonic *hir, from Proto-Celtic *sīros.


chug

From Proto-Celtic *sūgos; compare Scottish Gaelic sùgh and Welsh sudd.


dor

dorioù (plural)
dor (mutation singular unmutated)
zor (mutation mutation-soft singular)
tor (mutation mutation-hard singular)
dorioù (mutation plural unmutated)
zorioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
torioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Middle Breton dor, from Proto-Brythonic *dor (compare Welsh dôr), from Proto-Celtic *dwār, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwṓr.


tad

tadoù (plural)
tad (mutation singular unmutated)
dad (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zad (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
tadoù (mutation plural unmutated)
dadoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zadoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *tad, from Proto-Celtic *tatos.

ma zad

da dad


hep

hepdon (singular)
hepdomp (plural)
hepdout (singular)
hepdoc'h (plural)
heptañ (singular)
hepto (plural third-person)
hepti (singular)
hepdor (plural)

From Middle Breton hep, from Old Breton ep, from Proto-Brythonic *heb, from Proto-Celtic *sekʷo-, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“follow”). Cognate to Welsh heb.


paz

From Old Breton pas, from Proto-Celtic *kʷasto- (compare Cornish pâz, Welsh pas).


paz

pazioù (plural)
paz (mutation singular unmutated)
baz (mutation mutation-soft singular)
faz (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
pazioù (mutation plural unmutated)
bazioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
fazioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

Borrowed from Old French pas, from Latin passus.


gluon

head

gluon m (collective, plural gluonennoù, singulative gluonenn)

gluonennoù (plural)
gluonenn (singulative)


ki

chas (plural)
kon (plural)
ki (mutation singular unmutated)
gi (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hi (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kon (mutation plural unmutated)
gon (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hon (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Middle Breton ci, from Proto-Brythonic *ki, from Proto-Celtic *kū, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

Ar c'hi zo o kousket amañ.


tud

From Proto-Brythonic *tʉd, from Proto-Celtic *toutā, from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂.


biz-meud

bizied-meud (plural)
biz-meud (mutation singular unmutated)
viz-meud (mutation mutation-soft singular)
piz-meud (mutation mutation-hard singular)
bizied-meud (mutation plural unmutated)
vizied-meud (mutation mutation-soft plural)
pizied-meud (mutation mutation-hard plural)


mil

From Middle Breton mil, from Proto-Brythonic *mil, from Latin mīlia. Cognate with Cornish mil, Welsh mil, Irish míle.


mil

miled (plural)
mil (mutation singular unmutated)
vil (mutation mutation-soft singular)
miled (mutation plural unmutated)
viled (mutation mutation-soft plural)

From Middle Breton mil, from Proto-Brythonic *mil (compare Cornish myl, Welsh mil), from Proto-Celtic *mīlom (compare Old Irish míl and its descendants; Irish míol, Scottish Gaelic míl, Manx meeyl), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₁l- (“small animal””).
Compare Ancient Greek μῆλον (mêlon, “lamb”), Armenian մալ (mal, “sheep; mutton; wether; cattle; livestock”), Central Kurdish ماڵ (mall, “livestock”), Dutch maal (“calf”).


halo

From Proto-Celtic *salā (“filth, dirt”).


mor

morioù (plural)
mor (mutation singular unmutated)
vor (mutation mutation-soft singular)
morioù (mutation plural unmutated)
vorioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)

From Middle Breton and Old Breton mor, from Proto-Brythonic *mor, from Proto-Celtic *mori, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

Mor-Bihan

small sea; Department in Brittany, meaning


c'hwec'h

From Proto-Brythonic *hwex, from Proto-Celtic *swexs, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱs.


daou

div (feminine)
daou (mutation unmutated)
zaou (mutation mutation-soft)
taou (mutation mutation-hard)
taou (mutation mutation-mixed)

From Proto-Brythonic *dow, from Proto-Celtic *duwo, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.


unan

From a derivative of Proto-Brythonic *ʉn, from Proto-Celtic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos. Compare Cornish onan, Manx unnane.


nav

From Proto-Brythonic *naw, from Proto-Celtic *nawan, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥.


dek

dek (mutation unmutated)
zek (mutation mutation-soft)
tek (mutation mutation-hard)
tek (mutation mutation-mixed)

From Middle Breton dek, from Old Breton dec, from Proto-Brythonic *deg, from Proto-Celtic *dekam, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥.


glan

glan (mutation unmutated)
c'hlan (mutation mutation-soft)
klan (mutation mutation-hard)
c'hlan (mutation mutation-mixed)

From Proto-Brythonic *glan, from Proto-Celtic *glanos (“clean, clear”).


ya

Ya, gwir eo!

yes, word used to show agreement or acceptance.


dour

dourioù (plural)
doureier (plural)
dour (mutation singular unmutated)
zour (mutation mutation-soft singular)
tour (mutation mutation-hard singular)
doureier (mutation plural unmutated)
zoureier (mutation mutation-soft plural)
toureier (mutation mutation-hard plural)

Inherited from Proto-Brythonic *duβr, from Proto-Celtic *dubros, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰubʰrós (“deep”).

(by extension) rain, tears, sweat, saliva


kaliom

kaliom (mutation singular unmutated)
galiom (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'haliom (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)


glas

Inherited from Middle Breton glas, Proto-Brythonic *glas, from Proto-Celtic *glastos.


avu

From Middle Breton auu, from Proto-Brythonic *aβʉ, from Proto-Celtic *awV-. Cognate with Welsh afu, Cornish avi, Middle Irish áe.


diamant

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas).


Island

North Atlantic Ocean
North Atlantic Ocean#English

Iceland (an island and country in Europe, North Atlantic Ocean; capital: Reykjavík)


Dan

Daned (plural)
Dan (mutation singular unmutated)
Zan (mutation mutation-soft singular)
Tan (mutation mutation-hard singular)
Daned (mutation plural unmutated)
Zaned (mutation mutation-soft plural)
Taned (mutation mutation-hard plural)


Per

Per (mutation singular unmutated)
Ber (mutation mutation-soft singular)
Fer (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)

a male given name from Latin, equivalent to English Peter


Kuba

Cuba (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Reunion

administrative region
administrative region

Réunion (an island, overseas department, and administrative region of France, located in the Indian Ocean to the west of Mauritius and to the east of Madagascar)


Sul

From Proto-Brythonic [Term?], borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin sōl (“the sun”). Compare Welsh Sul, Cornish Sul.


Mari

a female given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English Mary


avon

(archaic) Alternative form of aven (“river”)


Norvegia

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Norvegia, from Old Norse Norvegr (“north way”) (see Norway).


aod

From Proto-Celtic *altos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eltós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-. Cognate with Welsh allt, Cornish als, Irish alt, Latin altus, Old High German alt.


gwenn

From Middle Breton guinn, from Old Breton uuin, Proto-Brythonic *gwɨnn, from Proto-Celtic *windos.


gov

From Old Breton gob, from Proto-Celtic *gobanos.


Aristoteles

Borrowed via Latin Aristotelēs from Ancient Greek Ἀριστοτέλης (Aristotélēs).


klon

klon (mutation singular unmutated)
glon (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hlon (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
klonoù (mutation plural unmutated)
glonoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hlonoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


Bhoutan

Bhutan (a country in South Asia, in the Himalayas)


pri

From Proto-Brythonic *prið, from Proto-Celtic *kʷrīyess.


maro

maro (mutation unmutated)
varo (mutation mutation-soft)
varo (mutation mutation-mixed)

From Proto-Celtic *marwos (“dead”) (compare Welsh marw, marb), from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥wós (compare *mr̥tós), ultimately from the root *mer- (“to die”).


tir

tirioù (plural)
tir (mutation singular unmutated)
dir (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zir (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
tirioù (mutation plural unmutated)
dirioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zirioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *tir, from Proto-Celtic *tīros, from Proto-Indo-European *ters- (“dry”), i.e. "dry land" as opposed to lake or sea.


bras

head

bras (comparative brasoc'h, superlative brasañ, exclamative brasat)

brasoc'h (comparative)
brasañ (superlative)
bras (mutation unmutated)
vras (mutation mutation-soft)
never occurs (mutation mutation-aspirate)
never occurs (mutation mutation-hard)
brasoc'h (comparative mutation unmutated)
vrasoc'h (comparative mutation mutation-soft)
never occurs (comparative mutation mutation-aspirate)
never occurs (comparative mutation mutation-hard)
brasañ (mutation superlative unmutated)
vrasañ (mutation mutation-soft superlative)
prasañ (mutation mutation-hard superlative)

From Proto-Celtic *brassos (“large”): (compare Cornish bras (“big, great”), broas, and Welsh bras (“fat, broad, rich”)).


bara

baraioù (plural)
bara (mutation singular unmutated)
vara (mutation mutation-soft singular)
para (mutation mutation-hard singular)
baraioù (mutation plural unmutated)
varaioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
paraioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Celtic *bargos, *barginā (“cake, bread”) (compare Welsh bara, Old Cornish bara, Old Irish bairgen f (“bread, loaf; food, plain diet”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- (“spike, prickle”) (Old Norse barr (“corn, grain, barley”), Latin far (“spelt”), Serbo-Croatian бра̏шно/brȁšno).


Tina

Clipping of Kaourantina/Kaourintina or Tin + -a (feminine).

a diminutive of the female given name Kaourantina

a diminutive of the female given name Kaourintina


a

ac'hanon (singular)
ac'hanomp (plural)
ac'hanout (singular)
ac'hanoc'h (plural)
anezhañ (singular)
anezho (plural third-person)
anezhi (singular)
ac'hanor (plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *o, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó.

tud a Vrest

un tamm brav a gig

ur plac’h a enor

ur voutailh leun a sistr

after certain adjectives or adverbs expressing quantity

tri a vugale

after ordinal numbers with a plural noun

nʼem eus ket ken a vutun

used in negative sentences with the grammatical object

paouezet eo ar glav a gouezhañ

it has stopped raining [lit. the rain has stopped falling]

before the infinitive after certain verbs like paouez, mirout, diwall, c'hwitañ

ur vrav a blacʼh

after substantivized adjectives used as nouns

gwelet em boa acʼhanout

an den a gomzan anezhañ


a

ar mor a zo glas

preverbal particle used when
the subject precedes the verb

an den-se a glevan

preverbal particle used when
the object precedes the verb


a

an hini a garan

(relative) that, which, who (used in 'direct' relative clauses, i.e. where the pronoun refers to the subject or the direct object of an inflected verb)


sellout

sellan (first-person indicative present singular)
sellen (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
sellis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
sellin (first-person future indicative singular)
sellfen (conditional first-person present singular)
selljen (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
sellez (indicative present second-person singular)
selles (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
selljout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
selli (future indicative second-person singular)
sellfes (conditional present second-person singular)
selljes (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
sell (imperative second-person singular)
sell (indicative present singular third-person)
selle (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
sellas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
sello (future indicative singular third-person)
sellfe (conditional present singular third-person)
sellje (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
sellet (imperative singular third-person)
sellomp (first-person indicative plural present)
sellemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
selljomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
sellimp (first-person future indicative plural)
sellfemp (conditional first-person plural present)
selljemp (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
sellomp (first-person imperative plural)
sellit (indicative plural present second-person)
sellec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
selljoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
sellot (future indicative plural second-person)
sellfec'h (conditional plural present second-person)
selljec'h (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
sellit (imperative plural second-person)
sellont (indicative plural present third-person)
sellent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
selljont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
sellint (future indicative plural third-person)
sellfent (conditional plural present third-person)
selljent (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
sellent (imperative plural third-person)
seller (impersonal indicative present)
selled (imperfect impersonal indicative)
selljod (impersonal indicative preterite)
sellor (future impersonal indicative)
sellfed (conditional impersonal present)
selljed (conditional imperfect impersonal)
sellout (imperfect infinitive preterite)
sellet (imperfect infinitive preterite)
a sell- (mutation-soft)
o sellout (imperfect participle present preterite)
e sell- (mutation-mixed)
sellet (auxiliary verb: kaout) (imperfect participle past preterite)
ne (mutation-soft)
na sell- (mutation-soft)

From Middle Breton sellet, from Proto-Celtic *stillom (“look”), of uncertain ultimate origin.


Pariz

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


kant

kant (mutation unmutated)
gant (mutation mutation-soft)
c'hant (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Breton kant, from Old Breton cant, from Proto-Brythonic *kant, from Proto-Celtic *kantom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Kant bro, kant giz, kant perez, kant iliz

A hundred countries, a hundred guises, a hundred parishes, a hundred churches.


ezel

From Middle Breton esel, from Proto-Celtic *asselī. Compare Cornish esel and Irish esel.


aon

From Middle Breton oun, from Proto-Celtic *oβnus (“fear”) (compare Welsh ofn, Cornish own, Old Irish ómun).


moan

moan (mutation unmutated)
voan (mutation mutation-soft)
never occurs (mutation mutation-aspirate)
never occurs (mutation mutation-hard)
moanoc'h (comparative mutation unmutated)
voanoc'h (comparative mutation mutation-soft)
never occurs (comparative mutation mutation-aspirate)
never occurs (comparative mutation mutation-hard)
moanañ (mutation superlative unmutated)
voanañ (mutation mutation-soft superlative)
moanat (mutation unmutated)
voanat (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Breton moen, from Old Breton moin, from Proto-Brythonic *muɨn (“beautiful”). Compare Welsh mwyn (“mild, gentle”).


ger

gerioù (plural)
ger (mutation singular unmutated)
c'her (mutation mutation-soft singular)
ker (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gerioù (mutation plural unmutated)
c'herioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kerioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *gėr, from Proto-Celtic *garyos (“word, speech”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-, zero grade of *ǵeh₂r-.
Cognate with Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus, “voice, speech”), Khotanese [script needed] (ysār-, “to sing”), Latin garriō (“chatter”), Old English caru (“sorrow”).

cog

Skrijal a rae Loeiz o tistagan ar ger [...] 'Louis screamed in pronouncing the word'.

1990, Thomas Arwyn Watkins, Martin John Ball, Celtic Linguistics / Ieithyddiaeth Geltaidd: Readings in the Brythonic Languages, page 202:


paun

pauned (plural)
paun (mutation singular unmutated)
baun (mutation mutation-soft singular)
faun (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
pauned (mutation plural unmutated)
bauned (mutation mutation-soft plural)
fauned (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


kazh

kizhier (plural)
kezhier (plural)
kazh (mutation singular unmutated)
gazh (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hazh (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)

From Proto-Brythonic *kaθ, from Proto-Celtic *kattā.


yar

From Proto-Celtic *yarā (compare Welsh iâr).


-ez

kazh (“tomcat”) + -ez → kazhez (“female cat”)

-ess; suffix forming the feminine of a noun


brug

From Middle Breton groegan, from Proto-Brythonic *gwrʉg.


kein

keinoù (plural)
kein (mutation singular unmutated)
gein (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hein (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
keinoù (mutation plural unmutated)
geinoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'heinoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

Cognate with Welsh cefn (“back”), Cornish keyn (“back”), Gaulish Cebenna (“ridge, height”) (whence French Cévennes), ultimately from Proto-Celtic *kebno- (“back”), from Pre-Celtic *kebn-, which could be related to *kambos (“crooked, bent”).


klas

klasoù (plural)
klas (mutation singular unmutated)
glas (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hlas (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
klasoù (mutation plural unmutated)
glasoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hlasoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


ster

From Proto-Brythonic *ster, from Proto-Celtic *sterā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr.


Kopenhagen

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


biz

bizied (plural)
biz (mutation singular unmutated)
viz (mutation mutation-soft singular)
piz (mutation mutation-hard singular)
bizied (mutation plural unmutated)
vizied (mutation mutation-soft plural)
pizied (mutation mutation-hard plural)


gant

ganimp (singular)
ganimp (plural)
ganeomp (plural)
ganit (singular)
ganeoc'h (plural)
gantañ (singular)
ganto (plural third-person)
ganti (singular)
ganeor (plural)

From Old Breton cant, from Proto-Celtic *kanta (“together with”). Cognate with Welsh gan (“with; by”).


gant

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


roue

From Middle Breton roe, from Proto-Celtic *ɸreimos; akin to Old Cornish ruy (whence Cornish ruw) and Welsh rhwyf (“king, leader”).
Replaced Old Breton ri, which was akin to Middle Welsh rhi, Irish rí, Scottish Gaelic rìgh, and Gaulish -rix, -rēx.


mala

From Middle Breton malaff, from Old Breton maletic, from Proto-Brythonic *malɨd, from Proto-Celtic *meleti.


rak

razon (singular)
razomp (plural)
razout (singular)
razoc'h (plural)
razañ (singular)
razo (plural third-person)
razi (singular)
razor (plural)


kar

kerent (plural)
kar (mutation singular unmutated)
gar (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'har (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kerent (mutation plural unmutated)
gerent (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'herent (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *kar, from Proto-Celtic *karants.


kar

gar (mutation singular unmutated)
c'har (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kar (mutation mutation-hard singular)
garoù (mutation plural unmutated)
c'haroù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
karoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)


kas

From Middle Breton cas, from Proto-Brythonic *kas, from Proto-Celtic *kassis.


rost

From Old French rostir, of West Germanic origin.


-el

Cf. French -el (e.g. sexuel, individuel, industriel)

broad (“nation”) + -el → broadel (“national”)


azen

From Proto-Brythonic [Term?], through Vulgar Latin from Latin asinus. Compare Welsh asyn.


dorn

From Old Breton durn, from Proto-Celtic *durnos (compare Welsh dwrn (“fist”), Irish dorn), probably loaned from a non-Indo-European substrate language.


lenn

lennan (first-person indicative present singular)
lennen (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
lennis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
lennin (first-person future indicative singular)
lennfen (conditional first-person present singular)
lennjen (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
lennez (indicative present second-person singular)
lennes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
lennjout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
lenni (future indicative second-person singular)
lennfes (conditional present second-person singular)
lennjes (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
lenn (imperative second-person singular)
lenn (indicative present singular third-person)
lenne (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
lennas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
lenno (future indicative singular third-person)
lennfe (conditional present singular third-person)
lennje (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
lennet (imperative singular third-person)
lennomp (first-person indicative plural present)
lennemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
lennjomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
lennimp (first-person future indicative plural)
lennfemp (conditional first-person plural present)
lennjemp (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
lennomp (first-person imperative plural)
lennit (indicative plural present second-person)
lennec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
lennjoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
lennot (future indicative plural second-person)
lennfec'h (conditional plural present second-person)
lennjec'h (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
lennit (imperative plural second-person)
lennont (indicative plural present third-person)
lennent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
lennjont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
lennint (future indicative plural third-person)
lennfent (conditional plural present third-person)
lennjent (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
lennent (imperative plural third-person)
lenner (impersonal indicative present)
lenned (imperfect impersonal indicative)
lennjod (impersonal indicative preterite)
lennor (future impersonal indicative)
lennfed (conditional impersonal present)
lennjed (conditional imperfect impersonal)
lenn (imperfect infinitive preterite)
a lenn- (mutation-soft)
lenn (imperfect participle present preterite)
e lenn- (mutation-mixed)
lennet (auxiliary verb: kaout) (imperfect participle past preterite)
ne (mutation-soft)
na lenn- (mutation-soft)

From Middle Breton lenn, leenn (originally a noun), from Proto-Brythonic *lleɣenn, from Latin legendum. Cognate with Welsh llên, Cornish lien.


lenn

From Middle Breton lenn, from Old Breton lin, from Proto-Celtic *lindos (“lake, liquid”). Cognate with Welsh llyn, Cornish lynn, Irish linn, Gaulish lindon.


lenn

From Old Breton lenn, from Proto-Celtic *linnā (“cloak, veil”). Cognate with Welsh llen, Cornish len, Irish leann, Gaulish linna.


kaz

kizier (plural)
kaz (mutation singular unmutated)
gaz (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'haz (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kizier (mutation plural unmutated)
gizier (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hizier (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

cat, tomcat


kont

count (a lord of a county holding a title of countdom)


mell

From Proto-Celtic *melsā (“knuckle”); possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mel (“limb”).


eus

From Proto-Celtic *exs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (“out”).

O tont eus pelecʼh emaocʼh?

eus dek eur da greisteiz

an darn vrasañ eus an dud


eus

Compare Cornish eus, Welsh oes (“[there] is”).


kell

From Proto-Brythonic [Term?], borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin cōleus (“testicle”) (compare Cornish kell, Welsh caill), ultimately from Ancient Greek κολεός (koleós).


kell

kelloù (plural)
killi (plural)
kell (mutation singular unmutated)
gell (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hell (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kelloù (mutation plural unmutated)
gelloù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'helloù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Latin cella (compare Old Irish cell).


tann

From Proto-Brythonic *tann, from Proto-Celtic *tannos (“green oak”). Related to Old Cornish tannen and Gaulish *tannos (whence French tan).


mont

mont (mutation unmutated)
vont (mutation mutation-soft)
vont (mutation mutation-mixed)
an (first-person indicative present singular)
aen (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
is (first-person indicative preterite singular)
in (first-person future indicative singular)
afen (conditional first-person present singular)
ajen (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
ez (indicative present second-person singular)
aes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
ejout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
i (future indicative second-person singular)
afes (conditional present second-person singular)
ajes (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
kae (n'a in the negative) (imperative second-person singular)
a (indicative present singular third-person)
ya (indicative present singular third-person)
ae (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
yae (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
eas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
yeas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
ay (future indicative singular third-person)
aio (future indicative singular third-person)
yelo (future indicative singular third-person)
afe (conditional present singular third-person)
yafe (conditional present singular third-person)
aje (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
yaje (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
aet (imperative singular third-person)
eomp (first-person indicative plural present)
aemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
ejomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
aimp (first-person future indicative plural)
afemp (conditional first-person plural present)
ajemp (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
eomp (first-person imperative plural)
deomp (first-person imperative plural)
it (indicative plural present second-person)
aec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
ejoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
eot (future indicative plural second-person)
afec'h (conditional plural present second-person)
ajec'h (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
it (imperative plural second-person)
kit (imperative plural second-person)
eont (indicative plural present third-person)
aent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
ejont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
aint (future indicative plural third-person)
afent (conditional plural present third-person)
ajent (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
aent (imperative plural third-person)
eer (impersonal indicative present)
aed (imperfect impersonal indicative)
ejod (impersonal indicative preterite)
eor (future impersonal indicative)
afed (conditional impersonal present)
ajed (conditional imperfect impersonal)
mont (imperfect infinitive preterite)
monet (imperfect infinitive preterite)
a ya- (mutation-soft)
o vont (imperfect participle present preterite)
ez a- (mutation-mixed)
aet (auxiliary verb: bezañ) (imperfect participle past preterite)
n'a- (mutation-soft)

Suppletive verb; verbal noun from Proto-Brythonic *monetu (compare Welsh mynd, Cornish mones), verbal noun of Proto-Celtic *mon-ī- (compare Middle Irish muinithir (“goes around”)), from Proto-Indo-European *menH- (compare Umbrian menes (“will come”), Lithuanian mìnti (“to trample, scutch”)). Indicative forms from Proto-Celtic *ageti (“to drive”) (compare Old Irish aigid), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- (compare Latin agō). The forms in el- are from Proto-Celtic *ɸel- (“to approach, drive”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (compare Latin pellō (“strike, drive”), Epic Greek πίλναμαι (pílnamai, “approach”).


boz

bozioù (plural)
divoz (dual)
boz (mutation singular unmutated)
voz (mutation mutation-soft singular)
poz (mutation mutation-hard singular)
bozioù (mutation plural unmutated)
vozioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
pozioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *bos, from Proto-Celtic *bostā (“palm, fist”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷosto-, *gʷosdʰo- (“branch”).


mur

From Middle Breton mur, from Old Breton mur, from Proto-Brythonic *mʉr, from Latin mūrus.


Gwen

Gwen (mutation singular unmutated)
Wen (mutation mutation-soft singular)
Kwen (mutation mutation-hard singular)


kod

kod ar yec'hed foran

code (body of law or set of regulations and rules)


skoed

From Proto-Brythonic *skuɨd, from Proto-Celtic *skeitos (“shield”), from Proto-Indo-European *skeyt-, from *skey- (“to cut, separate”). Cognate with Cornish skoes (“shield”), Welsh ysgwyd (“shield”), Irish sciath (“shield”). Related to Latin scūtum (“shield”) and Russian щит (ščit).


pesk

pesked (plural)
pesk (mutation singular unmutated)
besk (mutation mutation-soft singular)
fesk (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
pesked (mutation plural unmutated)
besked (mutation mutation-soft plural)
fesked (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *pɨsk, a borrowing from Latin piscis. Compare Cornish pysk, and further Welsh pysgod.


glin

glinoù (plural)
daoulin (dual)
glin (mutation singular unmutated)
c'hlin (mutation mutation-soft singular)
klin (mutation mutation-hard singular)
glinoù (mutation plural unmutated)
c'hlinoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
klinoù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *glin, from Proto-Celtic *glūnos (compare Old Irish glún), dissimilated from *gnūn-, *gnūnos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu.


maen

mein (plural)
maen (mutation singular unmutated)
vaen (mutation mutation-soft singular)
mein (mutation plural unmutated)
vein (mutation mutation-soft plural)

From Middle Breton and Old Breton main, from Proto-Brythonic *maɣɨn, from Proto-Celtic *maginos. Compare Welsh maen, Cornish men.


eun

From Middle Breton un, from Old Breton un, from Proto-Brythonic *ʉn.


staen

Borrowed from Old French estain, or inherited from Proto-Brythonic *staɨn.


hanter

From Proto-Brythonic *hanter, from Proto-Celtic *santeros. Compare Cornish hanter, Welsh hanner.


holen

From Middle Breton holen, hoalen, from Proto-Brythonic *haluɨn, from Proto-Celtic *salenos, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls. Cognate with Cornish holan, Welsh halen, Irish salann, and more distantly also Latin sāl and English salt.


dall

dall (mutation unmutated)
zall (mutation mutation-soft)
tall (mutation mutation-hard)
tall (mutation mutation-mixed)

From Middle Breton and Old Breton dall, from Proto-Brythonic *dall, from Proto-Celtic *dallos.


uvel

From Middle Breton uuel (“humble”), from Latin humilis. Cognate with Cornish huvel and Welsh ufyll (“humble”).


tek

From Proto-Brythonic *teg, from Proto-Celtic *tekos (“beautiful”). Cognate with Cornish teg and Welsh teg.


tarv

tirvi (plural)
tarv (mutation singular unmutated)
darv (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zarv (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
tirvi (mutation plural unmutated)
dirvi (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zirvi (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *tarw, from Proto-Celtic *tarwos, from Proto-Indo-European *táwros.


ober

gran (first-person indicative present singular)
graen (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
gris (first-person indicative preterite singular)
grin (first-person future indicative singular)
grafen (conditional first-person present singular)
grajen (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
grez (indicative present second-person singular)
graes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
grejout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
gri (future indicative second-person singular)
grafes (conditional present second-person singular)
grajes (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
gra (imperative second-person singular)
gra (indicative present singular third-person)
grae (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
greas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
gray (future indicative singular third-person)
graio (future indicative singular third-person)
grafe (conditional present singular third-person)
graje (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
graet (imperative singular third-person)
greomp (first-person indicative plural present)
graemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
grejomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
graimp (first-person future indicative plural)
grafemp (conditional first-person plural present)
grajemp (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
greomp (first-person imperative plural)
grit (indicative plural present second-person)
graec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
grejoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
greot (future indicative plural second-person)
grafec'h (conditional plural present second-person)
grajec'h (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
grit (imperative plural second-person)
greont (indicative plural present third-person)
graent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
grejont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
graint (future indicative plural third-person)
grafent (conditional plural present third-person)
grajent (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
graent (imperative plural third-person)
greer (impersonal indicative present)
graed (imperfect impersonal indicative)
grejod (impersonal indicative preterite)
greor (future impersonal indicative)
grafed (conditional impersonal present)
grajed (conditional imperfect impersonal)
ober (imperfect infinitive preterite)
gober (imperfect infinitive preterite)
a ra- (mutation-soft)
oc'h ober (imperfect participle present preterite)
e ra- (mutation-mixed)
graet (auxiliary verb: kaout) (imperfect participle past preterite)
ne (mutation-soft)
na ra- (mutation-soft)

Verbal noun from Old Breton oper, from Latin opera (cf. Cornish ober, Welsh gober). Inflected forms in gr- or gwr- are from Proto-Brythonic *gwrėɣɨd, from Proto-Celtic *wregeti, cognate with Welsh gwneud (older forms with initial gwr-) and Cornish gwul (all forms in gwr-).

Gwerzhañ a ran ma zi hiziv.

I sell my house today ("Sell I do my house today").

(auxiliary) used as an auxiliary verb to conjugate any verb


heiz

From Proto-Celtic *sasyos (“rye”). Cognate with Welsh haidd (“barley”).


noz

From Middle Breton and Old Breton nos, probably from Proto-Celtic *noxs, from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts. Cognates include Welsh nos and Cornish nos.


mestr

head

mestr m (plural mestroù or mistr or mistri)

mestroù (plural)
mistr (plural)
mistri (plural)

From Middle Breton maestr, from Old French maistre, from Latin magister


berr

From Proto-Brythonic *bɨrr, from Proto-Celtic *birros.


korrigan

korriganed (plural)
korrigan (mutation singular unmutated)
gorrigan (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'horrigan (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
korriganed (mutation plural unmutated)
gorriganed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'horriganed (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From korr (“dwarf”) + -ig (diminutive suffix) + -an (hypocoristic suffix)


draen

draen f (plural drein, singulative draenenn)

drein (plural)
draenenn (singulative)
draen (mutation singular unmutated)
zraen (mutation mutation-soft singular)
traen (mutation mutation-hard singular)
drein (mutation plural unmutated)
zrein (mutation mutation-soft plural)
trein (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *draɣen, from Proto-Celtic *dragenā (“sloetree, blackthorn, Prunus spinosa”) (compare Old Irish draigen, modern Irish draighean), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰergʰ- (“blackbush, sloe tree”).

inh

(figurative) snag, hitch, problem, difficulty


ket

N'ouzon ket petra eo.


seizh

From Proto-Brythonic *seiθ, from Proto-Celtic *sextam, from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥.


eizh

From Proto-Brythonic *üiθ, from Proto-Celtic *oxtū, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw.


pemp

pemp (mutation unmutated)
bemp (mutation mutation-soft)
femp (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Breton and Old Breton pemp, from Proto-Brythonic *pɨmp, from Proto-Celtic *kʷenkʷe, from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe.


pevar

peder (feminine)
pevar (mutation unmutated)
bevar (mutation mutation-soft)
fevar (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Celtic *kʷetwores, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.


Karnag

From *karnos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”). Related to Welsh carn.


Kraozon

Crozon (French commune in Finistère, Brittany)


Naoned

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English

Nantes (the capital city of the Loire-Atlantique department, France; capital city of the region of Pays de la Loire)


Roazhon

Rennes (the capital city of the Ille-et-Vilaine department, France; capital city of the region of Brittany)


Konk-Kerne

→ French: Concarneau

Holonym: Penn-ar-Bed

Concarneau (a town in the Finistère department, Brittany, France)


Breizh

Breizh (mutation singular unmutated)
Vreizh (mutation mutation-soft singular)
Preizh (mutation mutation-hard singular)

Brittany (an administrative region, historical province, and peninsula in northwest France)


Kemper

→ French: Quimper

From Middle Breton kemper (“confluent”), from Proto-Celtic *kom-bero- (“confluence”), from *kom- (“with”) + *bereti (“to carry”).

Holonym: Penn-ar-Bed

Quimper (a city, the prefecture of the department of the Finistère, Brittany, France)


Gwener

Gwener (mutation singular unmutated)
Wener (mutation mutation-soft singular)
Kwener (mutation mutation-hard singular)

From Proto-Brythonic *gwener, from Latin Venus. Compare Welsh Gwener, Cornish Gwener.


arar

From Middle Breton arazr, from Proto-Brythonic *aradr, from Proto-Celtic *aratrom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom.


loar

From Old Breton loir, from Proto-Brythonic *lloɨr, from Proto-Celtic *lugrā, from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewk- (“light”). Cognate with Cornish loor and Welsh lloer.


loen

From Middle Breton lozn, from Proto-Celtic *lutno- (“(young) animal”) (compare Welsh llwdn (“young animal”)), from Proto-Indo-European *polH- (“animal young”), ultimately from *peh₂w- (“smallness”), see also Ancient Greek πῶλος (pôlos), English foal, Albanian pelë (“mare”), Old Armenian ուլ (ul, “kid, fawn”)).


oan

From Proto-Brythonic *oɨn, from Proto-Celtic *ognos, compare Welsh oen, Old Irish úan, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʷnós (“lamb”).

Oan Doue


oan

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

Trist e oan.

first-person singular imperfect of bezañ


died

From Proto-Celtic *dī-āti-s, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck”); compare Old Irish deug and Welsh diod.


teir

From Proto-Celtic *tisres, feminine of *trīs, from Proto-Indo-European *tisres, feminine of *tréyes.


ù

The digraph ⟨où⟩ represents plural endings.


Arzur

a male given name, equivalent to English Arthur


aval

From Proto-Brythonic *aβal, from Proto-Celtic *abūl, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl.


Mae

Mae (mutation singular unmutated)
Vae (mutation mutation-soft singular)

From Latin māius (compare Cornish Me, Welsh Mai).


konsul

konsul (canonical masculine)
konsuled (canonical)


itron

From Old Breton eltroguen, from Proto-Celtic *altrauonī (compare Welsh elltrewyn (“stepmother; mother-in-law; tutoress; godmother, sponsor of baptized child”), Old Cornish altruan).


aotrou

head

aotrou m (plural aotrounez or aotrouien)

From Middle Breton autrou, from Old Breton altro, from Proto-Brythonic *alltrọw, from Proto-Celtic *altrawū (“foster-uncle”), from *aleti (“to nourish”). Cognate with Welsh alltraw (“godfather”) and Welsh athro (“teacher”).


kalon

kalonoù (plural)
kaloneu (plural)
kalon (mutation singular unmutated)
galon (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'halon (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kalonoù (mutation plural unmutated)
galonoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'halonoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *kalwon, from Proto-Celtic *kalwond- (“heart”). Cognates include Welsh calon and Cornish colon.


Yann

→ French: Yann

a male given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English John


menez

menezioù (plural)
menez (mutation singular unmutated)
venez (mutation mutation-soft singular)
menezioù (mutation plural unmutated)
venezioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)

From Old Breton monid, from Proto-Brythonic *mönɨð (compare Cornish menydh, Welsh mynydd), from Proto-Celtic *moniyos, from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to tower, stand out”) (compare Latin mōns).


-ien

From Old Breton -ion, -on, Proto-Brythonic *-onos, *-onā. Cognate to Welsh -ion, Cornish -yon.

lenner (“reader”) + -ien → lennerien (“readers”)

mab (“son”) + -ien → mibien (“sons”)

Noun pluralization suffix; sometimes with vocalic ablaut in the pluralized noun


Bastian

a male given name, equivalent to English Bastian


Elzas

Alsace (a region, former administrative region, and historical province of France, located on the west bank of the upper Rhine; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Grand Est)


naer

From Old Breton natr, from Proto-Celtic *natrixs (compare Welsh neidr, Irish nathair), from Proto-Indo-European *nh₁trih₂, from *snéh₁ (“to spin, twist”). Compare Breton nezañ (“to spin yarn”). Related to neudenn (“thread”), nodoez (“needle”) .


Douar an Tan

Calque of Spanish Tierra del Fuego (literally “Land of Fire”).

calque

Tierra del Fuego
Tierra del Fuego#English

Tierra del Fuego (island between Chile and Argentina)

Tierra del Fuego (archipelago between Chile and Argentina)


Republik Dominikan

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

Dominican Republic (a country in the Caribbean)


karvan

karvanioù (plural)
karvan (mutation singular unmutated)
garvan (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'harvan (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
karvanioù (mutation plural unmutated)
garvanioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'harvanioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


plac'hig

plac'higed (plural)
plac'hig (mutation singular unmutated)
blac'hig (mutation mutation-soft singular)
flac'hig (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
plac'higed (mutation plural unmutated)
blac'higed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
flac'higed (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


merc'hig

merc'higoù (plural)
merc'hig (mutation singular unmutated)
verc'hig (mutation mutation-soft singular)
merc'higoù (mutation plural unmutated)
verc'higoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)

diminutive of merc'h (“daughter; girl, maiden”)


plac'h

plac'hed (plural)
plac'h (mutation singular unmutated)
blac'h (mutation mutation-soft singular)
flac'h (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
plac'hed (mutation plural unmutated)
blac'hed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
flac'hed (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

placʼh tiegezh


merc'h

merc’h (canonical feminine)
merc’hed (plural)
merc'h (mutation singular unmutated)
verc'h (mutation mutation-soft singular)
merc'hed (mutation plural unmutated)
verc'hed (mutation mutation-soft plural)

From Proto-Celtic *merkā (“daughter”) (compare Welsh merch, Cornish mergh).


merc'h

merc’h (canonical masculine plural)
marc'h (mutation singular unmutated)
varc'h (mutation mutation-soft singular)
merc'h (mutation plural unmutated)
verc'h (mutation mutation-soft plural)


nevez

From Proto-Brythonic *nöwɨð (compare Welsh newydd), from Proto-Celtic *nouyos (compare Old Irish núa), from Proto-Indo-European *néwos.


markiz

markizien (plural)
markiz (mutation singular unmutated)
varkiz (mutation mutation-soft singular)
markizien (mutation plural unmutated)
varkizien (mutation mutation-soft plural)


-ek

douar (“earth”) + -ek → douarek (“earthy, earthly”)

dour (“water”) + -ek → dourek (“watery, humid”)

houarn (“iron”) + -ek → houarnek (“ferrous”)


belo

beloioù (plural)
belo (mutation singular unmutated)
velo (mutation mutation-soft singular)
pelo (mutation mutation-hard singular)
beloioù (mutation plural unmutated)
veloioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
peloioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)


Primel

French: Primel


kristen

head

kristen m (plural kristenien or kristenion)

kristenien (plural)
kristenion (plural)
kristen (mutation singular unmutated)
gristen (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hristen (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kristenien (mutation plural unmutated)
gristenien (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hristenien (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


stêr

From Old Breton staer, from Proto-Celtic *stagrā, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂g- (“to seep, drip”) (compare Latin stāgnum (“pond, pool”), Ancient Greek στάζω (stázō, “to drip”)).


penn

pennoù (plural)
penn (mutation singular unmutated)
benn (mutation mutation-soft singular)
fenn (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
pennoù (mutation plural unmutated)
bennoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
fennoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Middle Breton penn, from Old Breton penn, from Proto-Brythonic *penn, from Proto-Celtic *kʷennom.


beure

From Middle Breton beure, from Proto-Brythonic *bọreɣ, from Proto-Celtic *bāregos (“morning”). Compare Cornish and Welsh bore (“morning”), Old Irish bárach, whence i mbárach (“tomorrow”), modern Irish amárach.


kiez

kiezed (plural)
kiez (mutation singular unmutated)
giez (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hiez (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kiezed (mutation plural unmutated)
giezed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hiezed (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


gwan

From Old Breton *guan, from Proto-Celtic *wannos. Cognate with Old Cornish guan, Welsh gwan, and Old Irish fann (Irish fann).


Mor Breizh

English Channel (The part of the Atlantic Ocean between Great Britain and France)


merc'hetaer

merc'hetaerien (plural)
merc'hetaer (mutation singular unmutated)
verc'hetaer (mutation mutation-soft singular)
merc'hetaerien (mutation plural unmutated)
verc'hetaerien (mutation mutation-soft plural)


maer

maered (plural)
maer (mutation singular unmutated)
vaer (mutation mutation-soft singular)
maered (mutation plural unmutated)
vaered (mutation mutation-soft plural)

From Old Breton mair, from Proto-Brythonic *maɨr, from Latin māior (“greater”). Cognate with Old Cornish mair, Old Welsh mair, Welsh maer, Middle Irish máer, Irish maor.


treiñ

treiñ (mutation unmutated)
dreiñ (mutation mutation-soft)
zreiñ (mutation mutation-aspirate)
troan (first-person indicative present singular)
troen (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
trois (first-person indicative preterite singular)
troin (first-person future indicative singular)
trofen (conditional first-person present singular)
trojen (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
troez (indicative present second-person singular)
troes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
trojout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
troi (future indicative second-person singular)
trofes (conditional present second-person singular)
trojes (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
tro (imperative second-person singular)
tro (indicative present singular third-person)
troe (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
troas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
troo (future indicative singular third-person)
trofe (conditional present singular third-person)
troje (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
troet (imperative singular third-person)
troomp (first-person indicative plural present)
troemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
trojomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
troimp (first-person future indicative plural)
trofemp (conditional first-person plural present)
trojemp (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
troomp (first-person imperative plural)
troit (indicative plural present second-person)
troec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
trojoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
troot (future indicative plural second-person)
trofec'h (conditional plural present second-person)
trojec'h (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
troit (imperative plural second-person)
troont (indicative plural present third-person)
troent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
trojont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
troint (future indicative plural third-person)
trofent (conditional plural present third-person)
trojent (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
troent (imperative plural third-person)
troer (impersonal indicative present)
troed (imperfect impersonal indicative)
trojod (impersonal indicative preterite)
troor (future impersonal indicative)
trofed (conditional impersonal present)
trojed (conditional imperfect impersonal)
treiñ (imperfect infinitive preterite)
a dro- (mutation-soft)
o treiñ (imperfect participle present preterite)
e tro- (mutation-mixed)
troet (auxiliary verb: kaout) (imperfect participle past preterite)
ne (mutation-soft)
na dro- (mutation-soft)

From Old Breton troim. Derived from tro with -iñ. Attested in the Catholicon as treiff. Compare Cornish troi and Welsh trelya.

Skrivit ar ger da dreiñ


uhel

From Middle Breton uhel, from Old Breton uchel, from Proto-Brythonic *ʉxel, from Proto-Celtic *ouxselos.


niver

From Proto-Brythonic *niβ̃er, from Latin numerus.


Persefone

Persefone (mutation singular unmutated)
Bersefone (mutation mutation-soft singular)
Fersefone (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Περσεφόνη (Persephónē).


lizherenn

From lizher (“letter, missive”) + -enn (compare Welsh llythyren).


maout

meot (plural)
maout (mutation singular unmutated)
vaout (mutation mutation-soft singular)
meot (mutation plural unmutated)
veot (mutation mutation-soft plural)

From Proto-Celtic *moltos (“sheep”) (compare Welsh mollt (“wether”), Old Irish molt (“ram, wether”)).


amzer

From Proto-Brythonic *amser, from Proto-Celtic *amsterā (“time, moment”). Cognate with Welsh amser, Irish aimsir.

An amzer zo brav hiziv.


yezh

From Middle Breton yez, from Proto-Brythonic *jeiθ (“language”), from Proto-Celtic *yextis (“language”).


kembraeg

kembraeg (mutation singular unmutated)
gembraeg (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hembraeg (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)


amann

→⇒ English: kouign-amann

→⇒ French: kouign-amann

From amanenn, from Middle Breton amanen, derived from Proto-Celtic *amben (compare Cornish aman, Welsh ymenyn, Old Irish imb), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃éngʷn̥.


brezhoneg

brezhoneg (mutation singular unmutated)
vrezhoneg (mutation mutation-soft singular)
prezhoneg (mutation mutation-hard singular)

/bʁəˈzɔ̃ːnɛk/

/bʁəˈzɔ̃ːnək/


teod

teodoù (plural)
teod (mutation singular unmutated)
deod (mutation mutation-soft singular)
zeod (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
teodoù (mutation plural unmutated)
deodoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
zeodoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Proto-Celtic *tangʷāss (compare Welsh tafod, Irish teanga), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue, speech, language”).


skrivañ

skrivan (first-person indicative present singular)
skriven (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
skrivis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
skrivin (first-person future indicative singular)
skrivfen (conditional first-person present singular)
skrivjen (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
skrivez (indicative present second-person singular)
skrives (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
skrivjout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
skrivi (future indicative second-person singular)
skrivfes (conditional present second-person singular)
skrivjes (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
skriv (imperative second-person singular)
skriv (indicative present singular third-person)
skrive (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
skrivas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
skrivo (future indicative singular third-person)
skrivfe (conditional present singular third-person)
skrivje (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
skrivet (imperative singular third-person)
skrivomp (first-person indicative plural present)
skrivemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
skrivjomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
skrivimp (first-person future indicative plural)
skrivfemp (conditional first-person plural present)
skrivjemp (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
skrivomp (first-person imperative plural)
skrivit (indicative plural present second-person)
skrivec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
skrivjoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
skrivot (future indicative plural second-person)
skrivfec'h (conditional plural present second-person)
skrivjec'h (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
skrivit (imperative plural second-person)
skrivont (indicative plural present third-person)
skrivent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
skrivjont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
skrivint (future indicative plural third-person)
skrivfent (conditional plural present third-person)
skrivjent (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
skrivent (imperative plural third-person)
skriver (impersonal indicative present)
skrived (imperfect impersonal indicative)
skrivjod (impersonal indicative preterite)
skrivor (future impersonal indicative)
skrivfed (conditional impersonal present)
skrivjed (conditional imperfect impersonal)
skrivañ (imperfect infinitive preterite)
a skriv- (mutation-soft)
o skrivañ (imperfect participle present preterite)
e skriv- (mutation-mixed)
skrivet (auxiliary verb: kaout) (imperfect participle past preterite)
ne (mutation-soft)
na skriv- (mutation-soft)

From Proto-Brythonic *skriβenn, from Latin scrībendum, gerund of scrībō (“to write”). Compare Cornish skriva, Welsh ysgrifennu and Irish scríobh.


gwelet

gwelet (mutation unmutated)
welet (mutation mutation-soft)
kwelet (mutation mutation-hard)
welet (mutation mutation-mixed)
gwelan (first-person indicative present singular)
gwelen (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
gwelis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
gwelin (first-person future indicative singular)
gwelfen (conditional first-person present singular)
gweljen (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
gwelez (indicative present second-person singular)
gweles (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
gweljout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
gweli (future indicative second-person singular)
gwelfes (conditional present second-person singular)
gweljes (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
gwel (imperative second-person singular)
gwel (indicative present singular third-person)
gwele (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
gwelas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
gwelo (future indicative singular third-person)
gwelfe (conditional present singular third-person)
gwelje (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
gwelet (imperative singular third-person)
gwelomp (first-person indicative plural present)
gwelemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
gweljomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
gwelimp (first-person future indicative plural)
gwelfemp (conditional first-person plural present)
gweljemp (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
gwelomp (first-person imperative plural)
gwelit (indicative plural present second-person)
gwelec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
gweljoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
gwelot (future indicative plural second-person)
gwelfec'h (conditional plural present second-person)
gweljec'h (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
gwelit (imperative plural second-person)
gwelont (indicative plural present third-person)
gwelent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
gweljont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
gwelint (future indicative plural third-person)
gwelfent (conditional plural present third-person)
gweljent (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
gwelent (imperative plural third-person)
gweler (impersonal indicative present)
gweled (imperfect impersonal indicative)
gweljod (impersonal indicative preterite)
gwelor (future impersonal indicative)
gwelfed (conditional impersonal present)
gweljed (conditional imperfect impersonal)
gwelet (imperfect infinitive preterite)
gwelout (imperfect infinitive preterite)
a wel- (mutation-soft)
o welet (imperfect participle present preterite)
e wel- (mutation-mixed)
gwelet (auxiliary verb: kaout) (imperfect participle past preterite)
ne (mutation-soft)
na wel- (mutation-soft)

From Middle Breton guelet, from Old Breton guilinn, from Proto-Brythonic *gwelɨd, from Proto-Celtic *weleti (“to see, observe”). Cognate with Cornish gweles and Welsh gweld.

(intransitive, followed by war) to keep an eye on, watch


mab

mibien (plural)
mab (mutation singular unmutated)
vab (mutation mutation-soft singular)
mibien (mutation plural unmutated)
vibien (mutation mutation-soft plural)

From Middle Breton mab, from Old Breton map, from Proto-Brythonic *mab, from Proto-Celtic *makʷos.


kozh

kozh (mutation unmutated)
gozh (mutation mutation-soft)
c'hozh (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Breton coz, from Old Breton coth, from Proto-Celtic *kottos. Cognate with Cornish koth.

Ar Gelted kozh

Bro Gozh ma Zadoù


breur

breudeur (plural)
breur (mutation singular unmutated)
vreur (mutation mutation-soft singular)
preur (mutation mutation-hard singular)
breudeur (mutation plural unmutated)
vreudeur (mutation mutation-soft plural)
preudeur (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Middle Breton breuzr, from Old Breton brotr, from Proto-Brythonic *brọdr, from Proto-Celtic *brātīr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.


bevañ

bevan (first-person indicative present singular)
beven (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
bevis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
bevin (first-person future indicative singular)
bevfen (conditional first-person present singular)
bevjen (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
bevez (indicative present second-person singular)
beves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
bevjout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
bevi (future indicative second-person singular)
bevfes (conditional present second-person singular)
bevjes (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
bev (imperative second-person singular)
bev (indicative present singular third-person)
beve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
bevas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
bevo (future indicative singular third-person)
bevfe (conditional present singular third-person)
bevje (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
bevet (imperative singular third-person)
bevomp (first-person indicative plural present)
bevemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
bevjomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
bevimp (first-person future indicative plural)
bevfemp (conditional first-person plural present)
bevjemp (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
bevomp (first-person imperative plural)
bevit (indicative plural present second-person)
bevec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
bevjoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
bevot (future indicative plural second-person)
bevfec'h (conditional plural present second-person)
bevjec'h (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
bevit (imperative plural second-person)
bevont (indicative plural present third-person)
bevent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
bevjont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
bevint (future indicative plural third-person)
bevfent (conditional plural present third-person)
bevjent (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
bevent (imperative plural third-person)
bever (impersonal indicative present)
beved (imperfect impersonal indicative)
bevjod (impersonal indicative preterite)
bevor (future impersonal indicative)
bevfed (conditional impersonal present)
bevjed (conditional imperfect impersonal)
bevañ (imperfect infinitive preterite)
beva (imperfect infinitive preterite)
a vev- (mutation-soft)
o vevañ (imperfect participle present preterite)
e vev- (mutation-mixed)
bevet (auxiliary verb: bezañ or kaout) (imperfect participle past preterite)
ne (mutation-soft)
na vev- (mutation-soft)
bevañ (mutation unmutated)
vevañ (mutation mutation-soft)
pevañ (mutation mutation-hard)
vevañ (mutation mutation-mixed)

From Proto-Celtic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”). Compare Cornish bewa, Welsh byw, Scottish Gaelic bi.


bezañ

bezañ (mutation unmutated)
vezañ (mutation mutation-soft)
pezañ (mutation mutation-hard)
vezañ (mutation mutation-mixed)
on (first-person indicative present singular)
emaon (first-person indicative present singular)
bin (first-person future indicative singular)
bezin (first-person future indicative singular)
oan (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
edon (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
boen (first-person indicative preterite singular)
bezan (first-person indicative present singular)
bezen (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
befen (conditional first-person present singular)
ben (conditional first-person present singular)
bijen (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
out (indicative present second-person singular)
emaout (indicative present second-person singular)
bi (future indicative second-person singular)
bezi (future indicative second-person singular)
oas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
edos (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
boes (indicative preterite second-person singular)
bezez (indicative present second-person singular)
bezes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
befes (conditional present second-person singular)
bes (conditional present second-person singular)
bijes (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
bez (imperative second-person singular)
zo (indicative present singular third-person)
eo (indicative present singular third-person)
eus (indicative present singular third-person)
emañ (indicative present singular third-person)
bo (future indicative singular third-person)
bezo (future indicative singular third-person)
oa (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
edo (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
boe (indicative preterite singular third-person)
bez (indicative present singular third-person)
beze (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
befe (conditional present singular third-person)
be (conditional present singular third-person)
bije (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
bezet (imperative singular third-person)
omp (first-person indicative plural present)
emaomp (first-person indicative plural present)
bimp (first-person future indicative plural)
bezimp (first-person future indicative plural)
oamp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
edomp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
boemp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
bezomp (first-person indicative plural present)
bezemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
befemp (conditional first-person plural present)
bemp (conditional first-person plural present)
bijemp (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
bezomp (first-person imperative plural)
oc'h (indicative plural present second-person)
emaoc'h (indicative plural present second-person)
biot (future indicative plural second-person)
oac'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
edoc'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
boec'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
bezit (indicative plural present second-person)
bezec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
befec'h (conditional plural present second-person)
bec'h (conditional plural present second-person)
bijec'h (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
bezit (imperative plural second-person)
int (indicative plural present third-person)
emaint (indicative plural present third-person)
bent (future indicative plural third-person)
bezint (future indicative plural third-person)
oant (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
edont (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
boent (indicative plural preterite third-person)
bezont (indicative plural present third-person)
bezent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
befent (conditional plural present third-person)
bent (conditional plural present third-person)
bijent (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
bezent (imperative plural third-person)
oar (impersonal indicative present)
eur (impersonal indicative present)
emeur (impersonal indicative present)
bior (future impersonal indicative)
oad (imperfect impersonal indicative)
edod (imperfect impersonal indicative)
boed (impersonal indicative preterite)
bezer (impersonal indicative present)
bezed (imperfect impersonal indicative)
befed (conditional impersonal present)
bijed (conditional imperfect impersonal)
bezañ (infinitive)
bout (infinitive)
older bout (infinitive)
bezout (infinitive)
Present participle: o vezañ (infinitive)

From Old Breton bout, bud, but, from Proto-Celtic *butā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to be, become”). Cognate with Cornish bos and Welsh bod.


gwir

From Old Breton guir, from Proto-Brythonic *gwir, from Proto-Celtic *wīros, from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁ros.


gwir

gwirioù (plural)
gwir (mutation singular unmutated)
wir (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kwir (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gwirioù (mutation plural unmutated)
wirioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kwirioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

Hon gwirioù


debriñ

debriñ (mutation unmutated)
zebriñ (mutation mutation-soft)
tebriñ (mutation mutation-hard)
tebriñ (mutation mutation-mixed)
debran (first-person indicative present singular)
debren (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
debris (first-person indicative preterite singular)
debrin (first-person future indicative singular)
debrfen (conditional first-person present singular)
debrjen (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
debrez (indicative present second-person singular)
debres (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
debrjout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
debri (future indicative second-person singular)
debrfes (conditional present second-person singular)
debrjes (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
debr (imperative second-person singular)
debr (indicative present singular third-person)
debre (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
debras (indicative preterite singular third-person)
debro (future indicative singular third-person)
debrfe (conditional present singular third-person)
debrje (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
debret (imperative singular third-person)
debromp (first-person indicative plural present)
debremp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
debrjomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
debrimp (first-person future indicative plural)
debrfemp (conditional first-person plural present)
debrjemp (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
debromp (first-person imperative plural)
debrit (indicative plural present second-person)
debrec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
debrjoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
debrot (future indicative plural second-person)
debrfec'h (conditional plural present second-person)
debrjec'h (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
debrit (imperative plural second-person)
debront (indicative plural present third-person)
debrent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
debrjont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
debrint (future indicative plural third-person)
debrfent (conditional plural present third-person)
debrjent (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
debrent (imperative plural third-person)
debrer (impersonal indicative present)
debred (imperfect impersonal indicative)
debrjod (impersonal indicative preterite)
debror (future impersonal indicative)
debrfed (conditional impersonal present)
debrjed (conditional imperfect impersonal)
debriñ (imperfect infinitive preterite)
a zebr- (mutation-soft)
o tebriñ (imperfect participle present preterite)
e tebr- (mutation-mixed)
debret (auxiliary verb: kaout) (imperfect participle past preterite)
ne (mutation-soft)
na zebr- (mutation-soft)


paotr

paotr (mutation singular unmutated)
baotr (mutation mutation-soft singular)
faotr (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
paotred (mutation plural unmutated)
baotred (mutation mutation-soft plural)
faotred (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

Loaned through French from a Germanic language, probably Middle Low German, and from the same ultimate source as English paltry (“small, meager, ragged”).


anv

From Middle Breton hanu, from Old Breton anu, from Proto-Brythonic *anw, from Proto-Celtic *anman, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥.


bemdez

From the historical pronoun *beu- (see Welsh pob (“each, every”) and obeutu (“about”)) + deiz (“day”). Corresponds to Welsh beunydd (“daily”).


kelenner

kelennerien (plural)
kelenner (mutation singular unmutated)
gelenner (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'helenner (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kelennerien (mutation plural unmutated)
gelennerien (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'helennerien (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


kelennerez

kelennerezed (plural)
kelennerez (mutation singular unmutated)
gelennerez (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'helennerez (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kelennerezed (mutation plural unmutated)
gelennerezed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'helennerezed (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From kelenner (“teacher”) + -ez (“female”).


bloaz

bloaz (mutation singular unmutated)
vloaz (mutation mutation-soft singular)
ploaz (mutation mutation-hard singular)
bloazioù (mutation plural unmutated)
vloazioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
ploazioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Proto-Celtic *bleidanī, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰloyd- (“pale”), though the semantic connection is weak. See also Lithuanian blaĩvas (“whitish, blue, sober”), Proto-West Germanic *blait, Albanian blehurë.
Celtic cognates include Welsh blwydd, blwyddyn, Old Breton blened, Cornish bloodh, Old Irish blíadain.


gouel

gouelioù (plural)
gouel (mutation singular unmutated)
c'houel (mutation mutation-soft singular)
kouel (mutation mutation-hard singular)
gouelioù (mutation plural unmutated)
c'houelioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
kouelioù (mutation mutation-hard plural)

From Latin vigilia. Compare Cornish gool, Welsh gŵyl.


gwelout

gwelout (mutation unmutated)
welout (mutation mutation-soft)
kwelout (mutation mutation-hard)
welout (mutation mutation-mixed)
gwelan (first-person indicative present singular)
gwelen (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
gwelis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
gwelin (first-person future indicative singular)
gwelfen (conditional first-person present singular)
gweljen (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
gwelez (indicative present second-person singular)
gweles (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
gweljout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
gweli (future indicative second-person singular)
gwelfes (conditional present second-person singular)
gweljes (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
gwel (imperative second-person singular)
gwel (indicative present singular third-person)
gwele (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
gwelas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
gwelo (future indicative singular third-person)
gwelfe (conditional present singular third-person)
gwelje (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
gwelet (imperative singular third-person)
gwelomp (first-person indicative plural present)
gwelemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
gweljomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
gwelimp (first-person future indicative plural)
gwelfemp (conditional first-person plural present)
gweljemp (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
gwelomp (first-person imperative plural)
gwelit (indicative plural present second-person)
gwelec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
gweljoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
gwelot (future indicative plural second-person)
gwelfec'h (conditional plural present second-person)
gweljec'h (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
gwelit (imperative plural second-person)
gwelont (indicative plural present third-person)
gwelent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
gweljont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
gwelint (future indicative plural third-person)
gwelfent (conditional plural present third-person)
gweljent (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
gwelent (imperative plural third-person)
gweler (impersonal indicative present)
gweled (imperfect impersonal indicative)
gweljod (impersonal indicative preterite)
gwelor (future impersonal indicative)
gwelfed (conditional impersonal present)
gweljed (conditional imperfect impersonal)
gwelet (imperfect infinitive preterite)
gwelout (imperfect infinitive preterite)
a wel- (mutation-soft)
o welout (imperfect participle present preterite)
e wel- (mutation-mixed)
gwelet (auxiliary verb: kaout) (imperfect participle past preterite)
ne (mutation-soft)
na wel- (mutation-soft)


kentañ

kentañ (mutation unmutated)
gentañ (mutation mutation-soft)
never occurs (mutation mutation-aspirate)
never occurs (mutation mutation-hard)
never occurs (comparative mutation mutation-aspirate)
never occurs (comparative mutation mutation-hard)

From Proto-Brythonic *kɨnthaβ̃, from Proto-Celtic *kentusamos.


kêr

kêrioù (plural)
kêr (mutation singular unmutated)
gêr (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hêr (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kêrioù (mutation plural unmutated)
gêrioù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hêrioù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)

From Middle Breton kaer, from Old Breton caer, from Proto-Brythonic *kaɨr (“fort, fortified town”) (compare Cornish ker, Welsh caer), from Proto-Celtic *kagros (“fort”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kagʰ- (“take, seize”). Related to kae (“fence, hedge”).


deskiñ

o teskiñ (mutated)
deskiñ (mutation unmutated)
zeskiñ (mutation mutation-soft)
teskiñ (mutation mutation-hard)
teskiñ (mutation mutation-mixed)
deskan (first-person indicative present singular)
desken (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
deskis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
deskin (first-person future indicative singular)
deskfen (conditional first-person present singular)
deskjen (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
deskez (indicative present second-person singular)
deskes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
deskjout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
deski (future indicative second-person singular)
deskfes (conditional present second-person singular)
deskjes (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
desk (imperative second-person singular)
desk (indicative present singular third-person)
deske (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
deskas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
desko (future indicative singular third-person)
deskfe (conditional present singular third-person)
deskje (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
desket (imperative singular third-person)
deskomp (first-person indicative plural present)
deskemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
deskjomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
deskimp (first-person future indicative plural)
deskfemp (conditional first-person plural present)
deskjemp (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
deskomp (first-person imperative plural)
deskit (indicative plural present second-person)
deskec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
deskjoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
deskot (future indicative plural second-person)
deskfec'h (conditional plural present second-person)
deskjec'h (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
deskit (imperative plural second-person)
deskont (indicative plural present third-person)
deskent (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
deskjont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
deskint (future indicative plural third-person)
deskfent (conditional plural present third-person)
deskjent (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
deskent (imperative plural third-person)
desker (impersonal indicative present)
desked (imperfect impersonal indicative)
deskjod (impersonal indicative preterite)
deskor (future impersonal indicative)
deskfed (conditional impersonal present)
deskjed (conditional imperfect impersonal)
deskiñ (imperfect infinitive preterite)
a zesk- (mutation-soft)
o teskiñ (imperfect participle present preterite)
e tesk- (mutation-mixed)
desket (auxiliary verb: kaout) (imperfect participle past preterite)
ne (mutation-soft)
na zesk- (mutation-soft)

From Proto-Brythonic [Term?], borrowed via Vulgar Latin from Latin discō (“I learn”). Cognate with Welsh dysgu and Cornish dyski, from the same origin.


evañ

evan (first-person indicative present singular)
even (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
evis (first-person indicative preterite singular)
evin (first-person future indicative singular)
evfen (conditional first-person present singular)
evjen (conditional first-person imperfect singular)
evez (indicative present second-person singular)
eves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
evjout (indicative preterite second-person singular)
evi (future indicative second-person singular)
evfes (conditional present second-person singular)
evjes (conditional imperfect second-person singular)
ev (imperative second-person singular)
ev (indicative present singular third-person)
eve (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
evas (indicative preterite singular third-person)
evo (future indicative singular third-person)
evfe (conditional present singular third-person)
evje (conditional imperfect singular third-person)
evet (imperative singular third-person)
evomp (first-person indicative plural present)
evemp (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
evjomp (first-person indicative plural preterite)
evimp (first-person future indicative plural)
evfemp (conditional first-person plural present)
evjemp (conditional first-person imperfect plural)
evomp (first-person imperative plural)
evit (indicative plural present second-person)
evec'h (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
evjoc'h (indicative plural preterite second-person)
evot (future indicative plural second-person)
evfec'h (conditional plural present second-person)
evjec'h (conditional imperfect plural second-person)
evit (imperative plural second-person)
evont (indicative plural present third-person)
event (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
evjont (indicative plural preterite third-person)
evint (future indicative plural third-person)
evfent (conditional plural present third-person)
evjent (conditional imperfect plural third-person)
event (imperative plural third-person)
ever (impersonal indicative present)
eved (imperfect impersonal indicative)
evjod (impersonal indicative preterite)
evor (future impersonal indicative)
evfed (conditional impersonal present)
evjed (conditional imperfect impersonal)
evañ (imperfect infinitive preterite)
evet (imperfect infinitive preterite)
a ev- (mutation-soft)
oc'h evañ (imperfect participle present preterite)
ec'h ev- (mutation-mixed)
evet (auxiliary verb: kaout) (imperfect participle past preterite)
n'ev- (mutation-soft)

From Old Breton evaff (in the Catholicon), from Proto-Celtic *ɸibeti, from *pi-ph₃-, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₃-. Compare Cornish eva and Welsh yfed, Old Irish ibid.


poltred

poltredoù (plural)
poltred (mutation singular unmutated)
boltred (mutation mutation-soft singular)
foltred (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
poltredoù (mutation plural unmutated)
boltredoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
foltredoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


kinnig

From Proto-Brythonic *kunnigɨd, borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin condīcō (“I talk something over together, agree to/upon, concert, promise; I proclaim, announce, publish”) (compare Welsh cynnig, Cornish kynnik).


kinnig

kinnigoù (plural)
kinnig (mutation singular unmutated)
ginnig (mutation mutation-soft singular)
c'hinnig (mutation mutation-aspirate singular)
kinnigoù (mutation plural unmutated)
ginnigoù (mutation mutation-soft plural)
c'hinnigoù (mutation mutation-aspirate plural)


evel

eveldon (singular)
eveldomp (plural)
eveldout (singular)
eveldoc'h (plural)
eveltañ (singular)
evelto (plural third-person)
evelti (singular)
eveldor (plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *haβ̃al, itself from Proto-Celtic *samalis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). Cognate with Welsh fel.


dogan

doganed (plural)
dogan (mutation singular unmutated)
zogan (mutation mutation-soft singular)
togan (mutation mutation-hard singular)
doganed (mutation plural unmutated)
zoganed (mutation mutation-soft plural)
toganed (mutation mutation-hard plural)


aven

From Middle Breton avon, from Proto-Brythonic *aβon (“river”).


trede

An trede den

An trede gwech


trede

An trede