non

From Proto-Basque *no- (interrogative stem) + -n (inessive suffix).

af

inessive indefinite inanimate of nor; where


soil

eu-adv

soil (comparative soilago, superlative soilen, excessive soilegi)

soilago (comparative)
soilen (superlative)
soilegi (excessive)


so

(chiefly Northern) [with dative or allative] looking at


han

there (away from the speaker and the listener)


gero

gero (comparative geroago, superlative geroen, excessive geroegi)

geroago (comparative)
geroen (superlative)
geroegi (excessive)

Unknown, probably contains the adverbial suffix -ro.


ere

Unknown, the Biscayan form bere is probably more conservative. Potentially related to the pronoun bera.


laster

laster (comparative lasterrago, superlative lasterren, excessive lasterregi)

lasterrago (comparative)
lasterren (superlative)
lasterregi (excessive)


ez

Perhaps from Proto-Basque *eze, possibly compare Iberian is.

Ez dut nahi.


zer

From Proto-Basque *zer, containing the interrogative prefix *ze-.

A, zer egun ederra!


bero

bero (comparative beroago, superlative beroen, excessive beroegi)

beroago (comparative)
beroen (superlative)
beroegi (excessive)


oso

oso ona


ondo

ondo (comparative hobeto or hobeki, superlative ondoen, excessive ondoegi)

hobeto (comparative)
hobeki (comparative)
ondoen (superlative)
ondoegi (excessive)


barna

barna (comparative barnago, superlative barnen, excessive barnegi)

barnago (comparative)
barnen (superlative)
barnegi (excessive)

Most likely connected to Iberian nabar (“deep”).


hala

From the Proto-Basque root *(h)ar- (“that (distal)”) with the suffix -la.


hur

hur (comparative hurrago, superlative hurren, excessive hurregi)

hurrago (comparative)
hurren (superlative)
hurregi (excessive)


gora

gora (comparative gorago, superlative goren, excessive goregi)

gorago (comparative)
goren (superlative)
goregi (excessive)

From an earlier form goira (still in use in Biscayan), from goi (“up, high”) + -ra (allative suffix).


bila

[with absolutive or genitive] looking for, in search of


igaz

Biscayan and Gipuzkoan form of iaz (“last year”)


aise

eu-adv

aise (comparative aiseago, superlative aiseen, excessive aiseegi)

aiseago (comparative)
aiseen (superlative)
aiseegi (excessive)


nora

From Proto-Basque *no- (interrogative stem) + -ra (allative suffix).

af

allative indefinite inanimate of nor; to where, whither, whereto


lau

eu-adv

lau (comparative lauago, superlative lauen, excessive lauegi)

lauago (comparative)
lauen (superlative)
lauegi (excessive)

From Proto-Basque *lanu, from Latin plānum.


ongi

ongi (comparative hobeto or hobeki, superlative hobekien or ongien, excessive ongiegi)

hobeto (comparative)
hobeki (comparative)
hobekien (superlative)
ongien (superlative)
ongiegi (excessive)

Ongi zegoela esan zidan.

Aste honeko ikasgaia ongi erraza izan da.


maiz

maiz (comparative maizago, superlative maizen, excessive maizegi)

maizago (comparative)
maizen (superlative)
maizegi (excessive)


aske

aske (comparative askeago, superlative askeen, excessive askeegi)

askeago (comparative)
askeen (superlative)
askeegi (excessive)

From the verb askatu (“to untie, to free, to liberate”).


errez

errez (comparative errezago, superlative errezen, excessive errezegi)

errezago (comparative)
errezen (superlative)
errezegi (excessive)


zer moduz

From zer (“what”) + moduz (instrumental of modu (“way, manner”)), literally “by which way?”.

af

instrumental of <i class="Latn mention" lang="eu">modu</i> (“way, manner”)


duela

From du (“he/she/it has it”) + -ela (“that”).

Duela bi urte ezagutu genuen elkar.

We met two years ago. (literally, “We met that it's been two years.”)


adi

eu-adv

adi (comparative adiago, superlative adien, excessive adiegi)

adiago (comparative)
adien (superlative)
adiegi (excessive)

Short form of the verb aditu (“to hear”), itself from Latin audītum.


abondo

Ultimately from Latin abundus (“copious, abundant”).


txaro

txaro (comparative txaroago, superlative txaroen, excessive txaroegi)

txaroago (comparative)
txaroen (superlative)
txaroegi (excessive)


franko

franko (comparative frankoago, superlative frankoen, excessive frankoegi)

frankoago (comparative)
frankoen (superlative)
frankoegi (excessive)


leun

leun (comparative leunago, superlative leunen, excessive leunegi)

leunago (comparative)
leunen (superlative)
leunegi (excessive)


batera

From bat (“one”) + -ra (allative suffix).


primeran

From Spanish (de) primera (“top-class”) + -n (inessive suffix).


atzo

From Proto-Basque *atzo, potentially related to atze (“back”).


herenegun

day before yesterday
day before yesterday


iaz

Unknown, probably contains the instrumental suffix -z.


labur

eu-adv

labur (comparative laburrago, superlative laburren, excessive laburregi)

laburrago (comparative)
laburren (superlative)
laburregi (excessive)


dotore

dotore (comparative dotoreago, superlative dotoreen, excessive dotoreegi)

dotoreago (comparative)
dotoreen (superlative)
dotoreegi (excessive)

Ultimately from Latin doctor (“teacher”).


motz

motz (comparative motzago, superlative motzen, excessive motzegi)

motzago (comparative)
motzen (superlative)
motzegi (excessive)

From some Romance source akin to Spanish mocho. Compare labur, of native origin.


nola

Nola egiten duzu hori?

Nola izena duzu?

Ez dakit nola egin.


itsu

itsu (comparative itsuago, superlative itsuen, excessive itsuegi)

itsuago (comparative)
itsuen (superlative)
itsuegi (excessive)


abian

From abia (short form of abiatu (“to start”)) + -an (inessive suffix).

af

short form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="eu">abiatu</i> (“to start”)


gibel

eu-adv

gibel (comparative gibelago, superlative gibelen, excessive gibelegi)

gibelago (comparative)
gibelen (superlative)
gibelegi (excessive)

Probably from Proto-Basque *gi- (“meat”) + *bel (“black, dark”), with metathesis in Navarrese.


luze

luze (comparative luzeago, superlative luzeen, excessive luzeegi)

luzeago (comparative)
luzeen (superlative)
luzeegi (excessive)


azkar

azkar (comparative azkarrago, superlative azkarren, excessive azkarregi)

azkarrago (comparative)
azkarren (superlative)
azkarregi (excessive)


erdi

Unknown. Often compared with Iberian erder (“half”). For the meaning “to give birth”, compare the semantic field of Latin pars (“part”) and the correspondent verb parere (“to give birth”).


gaizki

gaizki (comparative gaizkiago, superlative gaizkien, excessive gaizkiegi)

gaizkiago (comparative)
gaizkien (superlative)
gaizkiegi (excessive)


zuzen

zuzen (comparative zuzenago, superlative zuzenen, excessive zuzenegi)

zuzenago (comparative)
zuzenen (superlative)
zuzenegi (excessive)


zergatik

Zergatik da zerua urdina?

Ez dakit zergatik.


asko

asko (comparative gehiago, superlative gehien, excessive gehiegi)

gehiago (comparative)
gehien (superlative)
gehiegi (excessive)

Asko maite zaitut.


ixil-ixila

Reduplication of adjective ixil plus suffix -a.

Zonbait gazte, biranazka, hozpilduak besoz-beso, ixil-ixila iragaiten ziren.

Some young people were passing in pairs, chilled, arm in arm, quietly.


zerentzat

(Northern) benefactive indefinite of zer (“what”)

benefactive indefinite of zer (“what”)
for what purpose

benefactive indefinite of zer (“what”)
why


begira

Borrowed Latin vigilia (“watch, wakefulness”) as bigira. Later associated with begi (“eye”), which influenced the first vowel.


erraz

erraz (comparative errazago, superlative errazen, excessive errazegi)

errazago (comparative)
errazen (superlative)
errazegi (excessive)


espresuki

Calque of Spanish expresamente, with the adverb-forming suffix -ki.


seguru

seguru (comparative seguruago, superlative seguruen, excessive seguruegi)

seguruago (comparative)
seguruen (superlative)
seguruegi (excessive)

Borrowed from Spanish seguro (“sure, safe”).


berdin

eu-adv

berdin (comparative berdinago, superlative berdinen, excessive berdinegi)

berdinago (comparative)
berdinen (superlative)
berdinegi (excessive)

Beti berdin portatzen da.


soilik

From soil (“simple”) + -ik (partitive suffix).


hega

eu-adv

hega (comparative hegago, superlative hegen, excessive hegegi)

hegago (comparative)
hegen (superlative)
hegegi (excessive)


aurten

From Proto-Basque *(h)aur + *urte + *-n, equivalent to hau (“this”) + urte (“year”) + -n (“in”), literally “in this year”. The placement of the demonstrative before the noun is unusual.

af

<i class="Latn mention" lang="euq-pro">*urte</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="euq-pro">*-n</i>


zain eta muin

From zain (“vein”) + eta (“and”) + muin (“marrow”), literally “with veins and marrow”.


bikain

eu-adv

bikain (comparative bikainago, superlative bikainen, excessive bikainegi)

bikainago (comparative)
bikainen (superlative)
bikainegi (excessive)


oteka

Edo otheka, edo alhor ützültze, edo belhar sartze edo bideka, bethi üztarrian da [behia].

Looking for gorse, ploughing the field or grazing; [the cow] always wears a yoke.

(Souletin) looking for gorse, carrying gorse


oteka

From ote (particle used to form tentative yes/no questions) + -ka.

af

Idazten dut munduaz, ezagutu gabe; jendeaz, entzun dudanagatik, esan didatenetik; gertatuaz, omenka, eta gertatzear denaz, oteka.

2012 July 29, Arantxa Iturbe, “Idazteaz”, in Berria:

I write about the world without knowing it; about people, based on what I've heard; about past events, from hearsay; and about things to come, wondering.


gerta ahala gerta

Literally, “with everything that may happen happening”, see more at ahala.


abantailoski

eu-adv

abantailoski (comparative abantailoskiago, superlative abantailoskien, excessive abantailoskiegi)

abantailoskiago (comparative)
abantailoskien (superlative)
abantailoskiegi (excessive)


abantailatuki

abantailatuki (comparative abantailatukiago, superlative abantailatukien, excessive abantailatukiegi)

abantailatukiago (comparative)
abantailatukien (superlative)
abantailatukiegi (excessive)

From abantailatu (“advantageous, outstanding”) + -ki.


abantzuño

From abantzu (“almost”) + -ño (diminutive suffix).


eta abar

From eta (“and”) + abar (“triviality, bagatelle”).


aurrera

Zoaz aurrera.


abereki

eu-adv

abereki (comparative aberekiago, superlative aberekien, excessive aberekiegi)

aberekiago (comparative)
aberekien (superlative)
aberekiegi (excessive)


aberaski

aberaski (comparative aberaskiago, superlative aberaskien, excessive aberaskiegi)

aberaskiago (comparative)
aberaskien (superlative)
aberaskiegi (excessive)

From aberats (“rich”) + -ki (adverb-forming suffix).


abilki

eu-adv

abilki (comparative abilkiago, superlative abilkien, excessive abilkiegi)

abilkiago (comparative)
abilkien (superlative)
abilkiegi (excessive)


orain duela

Orain duela bi urte ezagutu genuen elkar.


adeitsuki

From adeitsu (“polite, deferent”) + -ki.


adeitasunez

respectfully, sincerely (often used to close a letter)


adian

[with genitive] taking care (of someone or something)


zuzenean

Inessive case of zuzen (“straight”), calque of Spanish en directo.


bapatean

Proscribed spelling of bat-batean (“suddenly”)


oparo

oparo (comparative oparoago, superlative oparoen, excessive oparoegi)

oparoago (comparative)
oparoen (superlative)
oparoegi (excessive)


oparotsu

oparotsu (comparative oparotsuago, superlative oparotsuen, excessive oparotsuegi)

oparotsuago (comparative)
oparotsuen (superlative)
oparotsuegi (excessive)


batez ere

From batez (instrumental of bat (“one”)) + ere (“too, also”).

af

batez<pos:instrumental of <i class="Latn mention" lang="eu">bat</i> (“one”)>


horrela

From Proto-Basque *(h)oR- (stem of hori (“that”)) + -la (adverb-forming suffix).

euq-pro:^*(h)oR-<pos:stem of <i class="Latn mention" lang="eu">hori</i> (“that”)>

Horrela da bizitza.


zehatz

eu-adv

zehatz (comparative zehatzago, superlative zehatzen, excessive zehatzegi)

zehatzago (comparative)
zehatzen (superlative)
zehatzegi (excessive)


ez jakin

Itsasoratu gara, eta ni ez jakin nora helduko naizen.

We have boarded a ship, and I don't know where it will take me.


hurbil

hurbil (comparative hurbilago, superlative hurbilen, excessive hurbilegi)

hurbilago (comparative)
hurbilen (superlative)
hurbilegi (excessive)


behar bezala

From behar (“to need”) + bezala (“like, as”), an ellipsis of behar den bezala (literally “as it is needed”).


gertu

eu-adv

gertu (comparative gertuago, superlative gertuen, excessive gertuegi)

gertuago (comparative)
gertuen (superlative)
gertuegi (excessive)


atzera

Probably a specialized sense of hatzera (literally “to the trace”), the allative form of hatz (“finger, trace”).


noiz

From the Proto-Basque interrogative root *no-, suffixed with an unknown element.


noizdaino

From noiz (“when”) + -ra (allative case suffix) + -ino (terminative case suffix).


hobeto

(chiefly Biscayan and Gipuzkoan) comparative degree of ondo and ongi (“well”); better


hobeki

(Gipuzkoan, Navarrese, Northern) comparative degree of ondo and ongi (“well”); best


hobekien

(chiefly Northern) superlative degree of ondo and ongi (“well”); better


ondoen

(chiefly Biscayan and Gipuzkoan) superlative degree of ondo (“well”); best


ongiegi

excessive degree of ongi (“well”); too well


ondoegi

(chiefly Biscayan) excessive degree of ondo (“well”); too well


atorra hutsik

Alternative form of atorra hutsean (“in shirt sleeves”)


alkandora hutsik

alkandora hutsean
alkandora hutsean#Basque

Alternative form of alkandora hutsean (“in shirt sleeves”)


bizpahirunaka

From bizpahiruna (“two or three each”) + -ka.


indartsu

eu-adv

indartsu (comparative indartsuago, superlative indartsuen, excessive indartsuegi)

indartsuago (comparative)
indartsuen (superlative)
indartsuegi (excessive)