מרים

→ Classical Syriac: ܡܪܝܡ (maryam)

→ Arabic: مريم (maryam) (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Μαρία (María), Μαριᾱ́μ (Mariā́m) (see there for further descendants)


בבל

head

בבל • (bāḇel)

arc-proper noun

בבל • (bāḇel)

bāḇel (romanization)
ܒܒܠ (alternative Syriac)

לִקְצָת יַרְחִין תְּרֵי־עֲשַׂר עַל־הֵיכַל מַלְכוּתָא דִּי בָבֶל מְהַלֵּךְ הֲוָה׃

Tanach, Daniel [[s:he:T3404#ד_כו|4:26]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

At the end of twelve months he was walking upon the royal palace of Babylon.

liqṣāṯ yarḥīn tərē-ʿăśar ʿal-hēḵal malḵūṯā dī ḇāḇel məhallēḵ hăwā.

(historical) Babylon (an ancient city, the ancient capital of Babylonia in modern Iraq, built on the banks of the Euphrates)


בית

head

בֵּית • (bēṯ)

beth, the second letter of the Aramaic alphabet.


אב

אָב • (ʾāv) m

Classical Syriac: ܐܒ (ʾāv)

Arabic: آب (ʔāb)

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܵܒ (āb)

Turoyo: ܐܳܒ (ob)


ירושלם

יְרוּשְׁלֶם • (yərūšəlem)

arc-proper noun

יְרוּשְׁלֶם • (yərūšəlem)

יְרוּשְׁלֶם (canonical)
yərūšəlem (romanization)

Ancient Greek: Ἱερουσαλήμ (Hierousalḗm)


אדר

head

אֲדָר • (ʾăḏār) m

Classical Syriac: ܐܕܪ (ʾāḏār)

Arabic: آذار (ʔāḏār)

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܵܕܵܪ (ādār)

Turoyo: ܐܳܕ݂ܰܪ (oḏar)


בית לחם

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܒܝܬܠܚܡ (bitlḥm)

→ Classical Syriac: ܒܝܬ ܠܚܡ

From Hebrew בֵּית לֶחֶם (bēṯ lɛ́ḥɛm, literally “house of bread”)


אדם

head

אדם • (adám)

arc-proper noun

אדם • (adám)

desctree

Classical Syriac: ܐܳܕܳܡ, ܐܖܡ
→ Malayalam: ആദാം (ādāṁ), ആദം (ādaṁ) — Islam


נוח

head

נוח • (nwḥ) m


ישוע

יֵשׁוּע • (yēšūʿ) m

arc-proper noun

יֵשׁוּע • (yēšūʿ) m

יֵשׁוּע (canonical)
yēšūʿ (romanization)
ܝܫܘܼܥ (alternative)

יֵשׁוּע משִׁיחָא

yēšūʿ mšīḥāʾ

יֵשׁוּע נָצרָיָא

yēšūʿ nāṣrāyāʾ

יֵשׁוּעַ ישוע#Hebrew

יֵשׁוּ ישו#Hebrew

a male given name, Yeshu or Jeshu, equivalent to English Jesus or Joshua, Biblical Hebrew יֵשׁוּעַ (yeshúa, yēšúa), Koine Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs), Latin Iēsūs, or Hebrew יֵשׁוּ (yéshu, yēšū)

(Christianity) Jesus, a Biblical character


אורשלם

head

אורשלם • (’ūrišlem)

arc-proper noun

אורשלם • (’ūrišlem)

’ūrišlem (romanization)
ܐܘܪܫܠܡ (alternative)
𐡀𐡅𐡓𐡔𐡋𐡌 (alternative)


סוריא

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


יון

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


אסיא

head

אסיא • (ʾasiyā)

arc-proper noun

אסיא • (ʾasiyā)


יוחנן

Classical Syriac: ܝܽܘܚܢܳܢ

desc

→ Arabic: يُوحَنَّا (yūḥannā)

→ Arabic: يُوحَنَّا (yūḥannā)


מרקוס

head

מרקוס • (Marqōs)


מריא

מריא • (māryā)

arc-proper noun

מריא • (māryā)

Lord; the Christian concept of God and Jesus. Used to represent the Tetragrammaton.


גהנא

bor

Hebrew גיהנום


מצרין

Semitic origin. Compare Hebrew מצרים, Arabic مصر, Akkadian 𒈪𒄑𒊑𒄿.

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


איל

ולאפי תשע שעין קעא ישוע בקלא רמא ואמר איל איל למנא שבקתני܀

(Murdock) Matthew 27:46 And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice and said: "O God, O God; why hast thou forsaken me?”

walpay tšaʿ šāʿīn qʿa yešuʿ bqālā rāmā wemar: īl īl lmānā švaqtāni.


עקרבא

head

עקרבא • (‘eqarbā)

From Proto-Semitic *ʕaḳrab-.
Compare Classical Syriac ܥܶܩܰܪܒܳܐ (ʿeqarbā), Hebrew עַקְרָב (ʿaqrāḇ), Ugaritic 𐎓𐎖𐎗𐎁 (ʿqrb), Ge'ez ዐቅረብ (ʿäḳräb).


נונא

נונא • (nūne)


תורא

תּוֹרָא • (tōrā)


יממא

From Proto-Semitic *yam-, *yawm-. Doublet of יוֹמָא (yōmā, “day”).

אִימָמָא (alternative)
ܐܝܡܡܐ (alternative)


אברהם

desc

→ Arabic: إبْرَاهِيم (ʔibrāhīm)

→ Arabic: إبْرَاهِيم (ʔibrāhīm)


שבט

head

שְׁבָט • (šəḇāṭ) m

Classical Syriac: ܫܒܛ (šḇāṭ)

Arabic: شُبَاط (šubāṭ)

Turkish: şubat

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܫܒ݂ܵܛ (šḇāṭ)

desc

Turoyo: ܐܷܫܘܷܛ (ëšwëṭ)

Turoyo: ܐܷܫܘܷܛ (ëšwëṭ)

From Akkadian 𒌚𒀾 (Šabāṭum, literally “month of wheat”).


סטנא

head

סטנא • (sāṭānā)

arc-proper noun

סטנא • (sāṭānā)


יוסף

(biblical) Joseph (eleventh and favorite son of Jacob, by his wife Rachel)


אמרא

Compare Akkadian 𒇻 (immerum), Arabic إِمَّر (ʔimmar, “young lamb”) and Ugaritic 𐎛𐎎𐎗 (ỉmr, “lamb”).


אסא

head

אָסָא • (ʾāsā)

arc-proper noun

אָסָא • (ʾāsā)

אָסָא (canonical)
ʾāsā (romanization)
ܐܣܐ (alternative Syriac)


פרת

head

פְּרָת or פְּרַת • (pərāṯ or pəraṯ)

פְּרָת (canonical)
פְּרַת (canonical)
pərāṯ (romanization)
pəraṯ (romanization)


פנטקוסטא

From Ancient Greek πεντηκοστή (pentēkostḗ).


פרס

פָּרָס • (pārās)

From Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (p-a-r-s /Pārsa/). Compare Hebrew פָּרָס (pārās, “Persia”).

פְּרֵס פְּרִיסַת מַלְכוּתָךְ וִיהִיבַת לְמָדַי וּפָרָס׃

Tanach, Daniel [[s:he:T3405#ה_כח|5:28]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

PERES [half-shekel], thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Medes and Persians.

pərēs pərīsaṯ malḵūṯāḵ wīhīḇaṯ ləmāḏay ūp̄ārās.


תאומא

→ Ancient Greek: Θωμᾶς (Thōmâs) (see there for further descendants)

→ Hebrew: תומאס

→ Coptic: ⲑⲱⲙⲁⲥ (thōmas)


שיול

שׁיוּל • (Šyūl)

arc-proper noun

שׁיוּל • (Šyūl)

שׁיוּל (canonical)
Šyūl (romanization)
ܫܝܽܘܠ (alternative)
ܫܝܘܿܠ (alternative)


שאול

head

שָׁאוּל • (šāʾūl)

arc-proper noun

שָׁאוּל • (šāʾūl)

שָׁאוּל (canonical)
šāʾūl (romanization)


יהודיותא

head

יְהוּדָיוּתָא

יְהוּדָיוּתָא • (yəhūḏāyūṯā) f

arc-proper noun

יְהוּדָיוּתָא

יְהוּדָיוּתָא • (yəhūḏāyūṯā) f

יְהוּדָיוּתָא (canonical)
yəhūḏāyūṯā (romanization)


כנון ב

כנון אחרי (alternative)
כנון תרינא (alternative)


כנון אחרי

כנון ב (alternative)
כנון תרינא (alternative)


כנון תרינא

כנון אחרי (alternative)
כנון ב (alternative)


ניסן

head

נִיסָן • (nīsān) m

נִיסָן (canonical)
nīsān (romanization)
ܢܝܣܢ (alternative)

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܢܝܼܣܵܢ (nīsān)

Turoyo: ܢܝܣܷܢ (nisën)

desctree

Classical Syriac: ܢܝܣܢ (nīsān)
→ Arabic: نيسان (naysān)
→ Ottoman Turkish: نیسان (nisan)
Turkish: nisan
Northern Kurdish: nîsan
→ Persian: نَیسان (neysân)

From Akkadian 𒌚𒁈 (nisannum), from Sumerian 𒉠 (nesag̃).

(Judaism) Nisan (the seventh month of the civil year and the first month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Adar and before Iyar)


תשרין ב

תשרין אחרי (alternative)
תשרין תרינא (alternative)


תשרין אחרי

תשרין ב (alternative)
תשרין תרינא (alternative)


תשרין תרינא

head

תשרין תרינא • (transliteration needed) m

תשרין ב (alternative)
תשרין אחרי (alternative)


גדיא

גַּדְיָא • (gaḏyā) m

גַּדְיָא (canonical)
gaḏyā (romanization)

Cognate with Akkadian 𒂵𒁕𒅀 (gadû), Arabic جَدْي (jady), Hebrew גְּדִי (gəḏī).

cog

Hebrew גְּדִי (gəḏī)


נצרת

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Ναζαρέτ (Nazarét), Ναζαρά (Nazará), Ναζαράθ (Nazaráth), Ναζαράτ (Nazarát), Ναζαρέθ (Nazaréth)

Unknown. Possibly from נֵצֶר (nétser, “branch”) or נָצַר (natsár, “to guard”).


טביתא

head

טביתא • (Ṭabīṯāʾ) f

arc-proper noun

טביתא • (Ṭabīṯāʾ) f


מרתא

→ Ancient Greek: Μάρθα (Mártha)


גרב

head

גָּרְב • (gārəḇ) pl

Gareb (a hill in Israel, near Jerusalem, whither the leprous were been banished, as it seems)


ܐܘܪܫܠܡ

ܐܘܪܫܠܡ • (’ūrišlem)

arc-proper noun

ܐܘܪܫܠܡ • (’ūrišlem)

’ūrišlem (romanization)
אורשלם (alternative)
𐡀𐡅𐡓𐡔𐡋𐡌 (alternative)


עקיבא

head

עֲקִיבָא • (ʿăqīḇā) m

arc-proper noun

עֲקִיבָא • (ʿăqīḇā) m

עֲקִיבָא (canonical)
ʿăqīḇā (romanization)

c. 44 BCE–274 CE, Gottheil, Richard (1900) “Seven Unpublished Palmyrene Inscriptions”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society, number 21, page 111
𐡰𐡳𐡩𐡡𐡠 / 𐡡𐡴 𐡰𐡶𐡰𐡳𐡡 / 𐡢𐡴𐡡𐡠 / 𐡧𐡡𐡫
עקיבא / בר עתעקב / גרבא / חבל
ʿqybʾ / br ʿtʿqb / grbʾ / ḥbl
ʿəqīḇā / bar ʿəṯēʿəqaḇ / gārəḇā / ḥəḇāl
Aḳiba / Son of Athe-Aḳab / the leper. / Woe!

Rabbi Akiva ben Joseph, a major figure in Jewish history, a tanna of the late first century and early second century who contributed to the Mishnah and Midrash Halakha


שאילא

head

שְׁאִילָא • (šəʾīlā) m

שְׁאִילָא (canonical)
šəʾīlā (romanization)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Σιλᾶς (Silâs), Σίλας (Sílas)
Greek: Σιλάς (Silás), Σίλας (Sílas)
→ Latin: Sīlās (see there for further descendants)

Name meaning asked for, wanted; from שאל (to ask).


קודשא בריך הוא

head

קֻדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא

ḳuḏšā bərīḵ hū

קֻדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא • (ḳuḏšā bərīḵ hū) ?

arc-noun

קֻדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא

ḳuḏšā bərīḵ hū

קֻדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא (canonical)
ḳuḏšā bərīḵ hū (romanization)

(Judaism) the Holy One, blessed be He (a euphemism for God)


אוריתא

head

אוֹרַיְתָא • (ʾōrayṯā) f

arc-proper noun

אוֹרַיְתָא • (ʾōrayṯā) f

אוֹרַיְתָא (canonical)
ʾōrayṯā (romanization)

English: de-oraita, d'oraita

he-l

אורייתא (oráita)

דְּאוֹרַיְתָא

דאורייתא / דְּאוֹרַיְתָא (d'oráita)

מִדְּאוֹרַיְתָא

Hebrew: אורייתא (oráita), דאורייתא / דְּאוֹרַיְתָא (d'oráita), מדאורייתא / מִדְּאוֹרַיְתָא (mid'oráita)

Ge'ez: ኦሪት (ʾorit)

Yiddish: דאורייתא (dorayse)

Emphatic state of אוֹרָיָא, derived from the verb אוֹרִי, analysable as the hifˈil (הִפְעִיל) conjugation of יְרִי. Cognate with Hebrew תּוֹרָה (torá). Ultimately derived from Proto-West Semitic *waraw- (“to throw, cast, lead, guide”).


אלול

head

אֱלוּל • (ʾelul) m

אֱלוּל (canonical)
ʾelul (romanization)
ܐܝܠܘܠ (alternative)

Classical Syriac: ܐܠܘܠ (ʾelul),ܐܝܠܘܠ

From Akkadian 𒌗𒆥 (ITI.KIN /ulūlu, elūlu/).


פוריא

פּוּרַיָּא • (pūrayyā)

פּוּרַיָּא (canonical)
pūrayyā (romanization)

אמר רבא מיחייב איניש לבסומי בפוריא עד דלא ידע בין ארור המן לברוך מרדכי

a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud. Megillah, 7b:

Rava says: A person is required to become intoxicated on Purim until he cannot distinguish between “Cursed is Haman” and “Blessed is Mordechai.”


𐣬𐣤𐣣𐣡𐣭𐣣𐣲

mhrbndq (romanization)
mihrbandaq (romanization)

Borrowed from Parthian *Mihrbandak (literally “Mithra's servant”). Akin to Old Armenian Միհրեւանդակ (Mihrewandak), Մեհրեւանդակ (Mehrewandak), Մերհեւանդակ (Merhewandak), Մեհենդակ (Mehendak).

bor

(Hatran) a male given name from Parthian


חשיארש

head

חשיארש • (ḥəšayāʾršā)

arc-proper noun

חשיארש • (ḥəšayāʾršā)

ḥəšayāʾršā (romanization)
חשירש (alternative)

From Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 (x-š-y-a-r-š-a /Xšayāršā/, “ruler among kings”), compound of 𐏋 (XŠ /xšāyaθiya/, “ruler”) + 𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 (y-a-r-š-a, “man, male”).


גיהנם

head

גִּיהִנָּם • (gīhinnām)

גִּיהִנָּם (canonical)
gīhinnām (romanization)


𐡀𐡅𐡓𐡔𐡋𐡌

ʾwršlm (romanization)
ʾūrišlem (romanization)
אורשלם (alternative)

Classical Syriac: ܐܘܪܫܠܡ


ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ

ܝܶܫܽܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ

Yešūʿ M'šīḥāʾ

ܝܶܫܽܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ • (Yešūʿ M'šīḥāʾ) m

ܝܶܫܽܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ (canonical)
Yešūʿ M'šīḥāʾ (romanization)
יֵשׁוּע משִׁיחָא (alternative)

/jeʃuʕ məʃiħɑʔ/

ܝܶܫܽܘܥ (Yešūʿ, “Jesus”) + ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ (M'šīḥāʾ, “Messiah, Christ”)

arc:ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ

ܝܶܫܽܘܥ ܢܳܨܪܳܝܳܐ

Yešūʿ Nāṣrāyāʾ


ישוע משיחא

יֵשׁוּע משִׁיחָא

Yēšūʿ Mšīḥāʾ

יֵשׁוּע משִׁיחָא • (Yēšūʿ Mšīḥāʾ) m

יֵשׁוּע משִׁיחָא (canonical)
Yēšūʿ Mšīḥāʾ (romanization)
ܝܸܫܘܼܥ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܐ (alternative)
ܝܶܫܽܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ (alternative)
ܝܼܫܘܿܥ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܐ (alternative)

יֵשׁוּע (Yēšūʿ, “Jesus”) + משִׁיחָא (M'šīḥāʾ, “Messiah, Christ”)

יֵשׁוּע נָצרָיָא

Yēšūʿ Nāṣrāyāʾ


𐡌𐡋𐡀𐡊

𐡌𐡋𐡀𐡊 • (mlʾk)

desc

Mandaic: ࡌࡀࡋࡊࡀ (malka), ࡌࡋࡀࡊࡀ (mlaka), ࡌࡀࡋࡀࡊࡀ (malaka)

desctree

Classical Syriac: ܡܠܐܟܐ (malʾăḵā)
→ Malayalam: മാലാഖ (mālākha)


𐡅𐡕𐡐𐡓𐡃𐡕

Borrowed from Middle Persian [script needed] (Vādfradād), ultimately from Old Persian *Vātafradātah.

bor

Vādfradād, the name of several fratarakas and kings of Persis

Encyclopædia Iranica
Josef Wiesehöfer
Khodadad Rezakhani
Wadfradad I
Wadfradad II
Wadfradad III


𐡅𐡄𐡅𐡁𐡓𐡆

From Middle Persian *Vahbarz, from Old Persian *Vahubr̥zans, from *vahuš (“good, excellent”) + *br̥zans (“high, exalted”). Cognate with Parthian 𐭅𐭇𐭅𐭁𐭓𐭆 (wḥwbrz), Ancient Greek Οβορζος (Oborzos).

af

Vahbarz, the name of a frataraka of Persis

Encyclopædia Iranica
Josef Wiesehöfer
Khodadad Rezakhani
Vahbarz


𐡁𐡂𐡃𐡕

Borrowed from Middle Persian [script needed] (Baydād), ultimately from Old Persian *Bagadātah.

Baydad, the name of a frataraka of Persis

Baydad
Encyclopædia Iranica
Josef Wiesehöfer
Khodadad Rezakhani


𐡀𐡓𐡕𐡇𐡔𐡕𐡓𐡉

head

𐡀𐡓𐡕𐡇𐡔𐡕𐡓𐡉 • (ʾrtḥštry)

arc-proper noun

𐡀𐡓𐡕𐡇𐡔𐡕𐡓𐡉 • (ʾrtḥštry)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (Ardaxšīr), ultimately from Old Persian *Ṛtaxšaθra (“righteous ruler”) (cf. Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 (Artaxšaçā), Parthian 𐭀𐭓𐭕𐭇𐭔𐭕𐭓 (ʾrtḥštr), Ancient Greek Ἀρταξέρξης (Artaxérxēs)).

der

Ardakhshir, the name of several rulers of Persis

Ardakhshir I
Ardakhshir II
Encyclopædia Iranica
Josef Wiesehöfer
Khodadad Rezakhani


𐡃𐡀𐡓𐡉𐡅

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𐡃𐡀𐡓𐡉𐡅 • (dʾryw)

arc-proper noun

𐡃𐡀𐡓𐡉𐡅 • (dʾryw)

dʾryw (romanization)
𐡃𐡀𐡓𐡉𐡍 (alternative)

From Middle Persian [script needed] (Dārayaw), ultimately from Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 (Dārayavaʰuš, “holding firm what is good”).

der

Darew, the name of several kings of Persis


𐡅𐡇𐡅𐡇𐡔𐡕𐡓

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𐡅𐡇𐡅𐡇𐡔𐡕𐡓 • (wḥwḥštr)

arc-proper noun

𐡅𐡇𐡅𐡇𐡔𐡕𐡓 • (wḥwḥštr)

Borrowed from Middle Persian [script needed] (Vahušīr), from Old Persian *Vahuxšaθrah, equivalent to *vahuš (“good”) + *xšaθram (“reign, kingdom”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬊𐬵𐬎𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀 (vohuxšaθra).


𐡍𐡌𐡅𐡐𐡕

From Middle Persian [script needed] (Nam(ō)bed). First element is uncertain, second element -bed is from *pati (“lord, master”).


𐡍𐡐𐡀𐡕

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𐡍𐡐𐡀𐡕 • (npʾt) m

arc-proper noun

𐡍𐡐𐡀𐡕 • (npʾt) m

From Middle Persian [script needed] (Napād), ultimately from Old Persian *napāt (“grandson”).


אירג

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ˀyrg /ērag/) or [script needed] (ˀl'k' /erāg/, “lowlands”), like 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾyrʾn /ērān/, “Iran”) but with diminutive suffix from 𐭠𐭩𐭫 (ʾyl /ēr/, “Iranian”), comprehending a plain opposed to the plateaus of Persia.

bor

אשבעית עליכון רוחי ככל וערב רוחי אירג ומישון רוחי פרת ודגלת נהרה תדיזעון

Ford, James Nathan (2011) “A New Parallel to the Jewish Babylonian Aramaic Magic Bowl IM 76106 (Nippur 11 N78)”, in Aramaic Studies, Leiden: Brill, →DOI, pages 249–277

I hereby adjure you, spirits of Babylonia and Arabia, spirits of Iraq and Mesene, spirits of the Euphrates and the Tigris Rivers, that you be off!


𐣧𐣨𐣣𐣠

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𐣧𐣨𐣣𐣠 • (transliteration needed /ḥaṭrāʾ/)

ḥaṭrāʾ
ܚܛܪܐ (alternative)
𐣡𐣩𐣵 𐣠𐣫𐣤𐣠 (alternative)
𐣧𐣨𐣣𐣠 𐣣𐣴𐣬𐣴 (alternative)

Compare Jewish Literary Aramaic חַטּרָא (ḥaṭṭərā, “animal fold”), Hatran Aramaic 𐣧𐣨𐣣𐣠 (ḥṭrʾ) and Palmyrene Aramaic 𐡧𐡨𐡴𐡠 (ḥṭrʾ, “walled court”)


עבר נהרה

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עֲבַר נַהֲרָה

ʿăḇer nāhārâ

עֲבַר נַהֲרָה • (ʿăḇer nāhārâ)

arc-proper noun

עֲבַר נַהֲרָה

ʿăḇer nāhārâ

עֲבַר נַהֲרָה • (ʿăḇer nāhārâ)

עֲבַר נַהֲרָה (canonical)
ʿăḇer nāhārâ (romanization)

עֲבַר נַהֲרָא
עבר נהרא#Aramaic