و

سِرْتُ وَطُلُوعَ الْفَجْرِ

أَنَا وَإيّاكُم


من

ar-prep

مِنْ • (min)

مِنْ (canonical)
min (romanization)
مِنْ (stem)
مِنِّي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
مِنَّا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
مِنْكَ (masculine second-person singular)
مِنْكِ (feminine second-person singular)
مِنْكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
مِنْكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
مِنْكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
مِنْهُ (masculine singular third-person)
مِنْهَا (feminine singular third-person)
مِنْهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
مِنْهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
مِنْهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Maltese: minn

From Proto-West Semitic *min. Cognate with Hebrew מִן (min).

أَلَيْسَ مِنْكُمْ رَجُلٌ رَشِيدٌ

Is there not a right-minded man among you?

having partitive effect: of, some of, parts of, one of

تِمْثَالٌ مِنَ الرُّخَامِ

خَاتَمٌ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ

كُوبٌ مِنَ الْقَهْوَةِ

مَاتَ مِنَ الْعَطَشِ

تَمَكَّنُوا مِنْهُ

مَيَّزَ الْجَيِّدَ مِنَ الرَّدِيءِ

He differentiated/discerned between the good and the bad

عَرَفَ الْحَقَّ مِنَ الْبَاطِلِ

وَٱللّٰهُ يَعْلَمُ الْمُفْسِدَ مِنَ الْمُصْلِحِ

wa-llāhu yaʕlamu l-mufsida mina al-muṣliḥi

(used to construe certain verbs)
between; in contrast with

هَلْ فِي ذَٰلِكَ مِنْ شَكٍّ؟

وَمَا تَحْمِلُ مِنْ أُنْثَىٰ وَلَا تَضَعُ إِلَّا بِعِلْمِهِ

wamā taḥmilu min ʔunṯā walā taḍaʕu ʔillā biʕilmihi

هَلْ مِنْ خَالِقٍ غَيْرُ ٱللّٰهِ يَرْزُقُكُمْ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَاءِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ

Is there any creator other than Allah who provides for you from the heaven and earth?

hal min ḵāliqin ḡayru llāhi yarzuqukum mina s-samāʔi wa-l-ʔarḍi


ب

بِـ (canonical)
bi- (romanization)
بِـ (stem)
بِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
بِنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
بِكَ (masculine second-person singular)
بِكِ (feminine second-person singular)
بِكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
بِكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
بِكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
بِهِ (masculine singular third-person)
بِهَا (feminine singular third-person)
بِهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
بِهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
بِهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Maltese: b’

Ultimately Proto-Semitic *bV- (“with, in, at, among”) with likely interrelation with Proto-Semitic *bayt- (“site, location; nest, house”); cognates with Ugaritic 𐎁 (b), Aramaic ב־, Classical Syriac ܒ-, Hebrew בְּ־ (bə-), Ge'ez በ (bä) and Egyptian bw.

inh

طَرَقْتُ الْمِسْمَارَ بِمِطْرَقَةٍ

رَماهُم بِٱلْحِجَارَةِ

denotes an instrument or tool, with, by (a means)

هُوَ يَتَقَوَّى بِهِ

Coordinate term: (post-Classical) بِوَاسِطَة (biwāsiṭa, denotes the agent of passive forms)

قَهْوةٌ بِٱلْحَلِيبِ

denotes accompaniment
with (a component)

بِسُرُورٍ

بِٱمْتِيازٍ

denotes accompaniment
with (a quality); in (a state)

Coordinate term: مَعَ (maʕa)

مَرْبُوطٌ بِشَجَرَةٍ

لَا عَلاقةَ لَهُ بِٱلْمَوْضُوعِ

denotes proximity, with, to, next to, at (touching on, connected with, concerning)

بِٱلْأَرْضِ

بِٱلقَرْيةِ

بِٱلْمَكْتَبَةِ

بِٱلْمَكْتَبِ

denotes inclusion, surrounding, or location, within (a place); in; on; at

اِشْتَرَيْتُهُ بِأَلْفِ رِيَالٍ.

denotes requital, giving or doing in return; for

هُوَ لَيْسَ بِشَاهِدٍ وَلَا بِقَارِئٍ.

He is not one who witnessed [it] or read [it].

marks the predicate of a negative copula


ت

From the Nabataean Aramaic letter 𐢞 (l, “taw”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤕 (l, “taw”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏴. See also Classical Syriac ܬ (l, “taw”), Hebrew ת (l, “tav”), Ancient Greek Τ (T), Latin T.

تَٱللّٰهِ تالله#Arabic

particle denoting an oath, used only in تَٱللّٰهِ (tal-lāhi)


עלי

וקאם מלך גׄדיד עלי מצר מן לם ישאהד יוסף׃

c. 10th century, Saadia Gaon, Tafsir, 1:8:

And a new king arose over Egypt who had not witnessed Joseph.

waqāma malikun jadīdun ʕalā miṣra man lam yušāhid yūsufa.

عَلَى على#Arabic

Judeo-Arabic spelling of عَلَى (ʕalā, “on, upon, over”)


عكس

ar-prep

عَكْسَ • (ʕaksa)

عَكْسَ (canonical)
ʕaksa (romanization)
عَكْسَ (stem)
عَكْسِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
عَكْسَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
عَكْسَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
عَكْسَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
عَكْسَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
عَكْسَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
عَكْسَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
عَكْسَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
عَكْسَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
عَكْسَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
عَكْسَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
عَكْسَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


في

فِي (canonical)
fī (romanization)
فِي (stem)
فِيَّ (feminine first-person masculine singular)
فِينَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
فِيكَ (masculine second-person singular)
فِيكِ (feminine second-person singular)
فِيكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
فِيكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
فِيكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
فِيهِ (masculine singular third-person)
فِيهَا (feminine singular third-person)
فِيهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
فِيهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
فِيهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Maltese: f’

Possibly related to Proto-Semitic *pay- (“mouth, an orifice, an entrance, a means in or to enter”), cognates with Hebrew פֹּה (“here”) and פִּי (“multiplied, -fold”, literally “with, to have this length with this width”) and Ugaritic 𐎔 (p, “here, in this place or in this time; in the manner of, relating or pertaining to”), and Proto-Semitic *piʔat- (“side; border; front, facing part of anything”), i. e. the same word as فِئَة (fiʔa, “troop”), since this word is retained in Ge'ez only in the combination ለፌ (läfe, “in the direction of or from, thence or thither”). It has also functions originally borne by Proto-Semitic *bV-, potentially perceived or originating as a devoiced form of it.

inh

عِنْدِي سُؤَالٌ فِي النَّحْوِ

of, about, in regards to, pertaining to, in the subject or topic of

on account of, for the reason of, in relation to

أَرْبَعَة فِي خَمْسَة ― ʔarbaʕa(t) fī ḵamsa ― Four times five

times, multiplied by, to have a measure of this by this


فوق

ar-prep

فَوْقَ • (fawqa)

فَوْقَ (canonical)
fawqa (romanization)
فَوْقَ (stem)
فَوْقِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
فَوْقَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
فَوْقَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
فَوْقَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
فَوْقَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
فَوْقَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
فَوْقَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
فَوْقَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
فَوْقَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
فَوْقَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
فَوْقَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
فَوْقَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

كَانُوا فَوْقَ الْعِشْرِين

فَإِنْ كُنَّ نِسَاءً فَوْقَ ٱثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ

faʔin kunna nisāʔan fawqa ṯnatayni falahunna ṯuluṯā mā taraka


عند

عِنْدَ • (ʕinda)

عِنْدَ (canonical)
ʕinda (romanization)
عِنْدَ (stem)
عِنْدِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
عِنْدَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
عِنْدَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
عِنْدَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
عِنْدَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
عِنْدَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
عِنْدَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
عِنْدَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
عِنْدَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
عِنْدَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
عِنْدَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
عِنْدَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Egyptian Arabic: عند (ʕand)

Gulf Arabic: عند (ʕind)

Maltese: għand

Moroccan Arabic: عند (ʕand)

South Levantine Arabic: عند (ʕind)

→ Ottoman Turkish: عند (ind)

Turkish: ind

A contraction of ع ن ن (ʕ-n-n) or ع ي ن (ʕ-y-n) in the sense of viewing, and يَدَا (yadā, “hand”); see at hand, before one's eyes. Compare also لَدَى (ladā) and لَدُنْ (ladun) for parallel contractions and semantic senses.

جِئْتُكَ عِنْدَ شُرُوقِ الشَّمْسِ

إِذْ تَلَقَّوْنَهُ بِأَلْسِنَتِكُمْ وَتَقُولُونَ بِأَفْوَاهِكُم مَّا لَيْسَ لَكُم بِهِ عِلْمٌ وَتَحْسَبُونَهُ هَيِّنًا وَهُوَ عِنْدَ ٱللَّهِ عَظِيمٌ

When you received it with your tongues and said with your mouths that of which you had no knowledge and thought it was insignificant while it was, in the eyes of God, tremendous.

ʔiḏ talaqqawnahu bi-ʔalsinatikum wa-taqūlūna bi-ʔafwāhikum mā laysa lakum bihi ʕilmun wa-taḥsabūnahu hayyinan wa-huwa ʕinda llahi ʕaẓīmun

بِذَا قَضَتِ الْأَيَّامُ مَا بَيْنَ أَهْلِهَا / مَصَائِبُ قَوْمٍ عِنْدَ قَوْمٍ فَوَائِدُ

a. 965, Al-Mutanabbi, ديوان أبي الطيب المتنبي:

biḏā qaḍati l-ʔayyāmu mā bayna ʔahlihā / maṣāʔibu qawmin ʕinda qawmin fawāʔidu

قُلْ هَلْ عِنْدَكُم مِنْ عِلْمٍ فَتُخْرِجُوهُ لَنَا

Say, "Do you have any knowledge which you can produce for us?"

qul hal ʕindakum min ʕilmin fatuḵrijūhu lanā


على

عَلَى • (ʕalā)

عَلَى (canonical)
ʕalā (romanization)
عَلَى (stem)
عَلَيَّ (feminine first-person masculine singular)
عَلَيْنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
عَلَيْكَ (masculine second-person singular)
عَلَيْكِ (feminine second-person singular)
عَلَيْكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
عَلَيْكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
عَلَيْكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
عَلَيْهِ (masculine singular third-person)
عَلَيْهَا (feminine singular third-person)
عَلَيْهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
عَلَيْهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
عَلَيْهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Egyptian Arabic: على (ʕala), ع (ʕa-)

Hijazi Arabic: على (ʕala)

Maltese: għal

Moroccan Arabic: على (ʕlā), ع (ʕa-)

desc

North Levantine Arabic: على (ʕala), ع (ʕa-)

South Levantine Arabic: على (ʕala), ع (ʕa-)

عَلَا (ʕalā)

From Proto-Semitic *ʕalay- (“on, over”). Cognate with Akkadian 𒌋𒅗 (eli), Hebrew עַל ('al), עֲלֵי ('aléi), Aramaic עַל (ʿal).

ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhī wa-ʔālihī wa-sallama

صَلَّى ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ

يَوْمٌ لَكَ وَيَوْمٌ عَلَيْكَ

one day for you, and one day against you

سَجَّلَ ٱللَّاعِبُ خَمْسَةَ أَهْدَافٍ عَلَى خَصْمِهِ

The player scored five goals against his opponent.

sajjala l-lāʕibu ḵamsata ʔahdāfin ʕalā ḵaṣmihi

وَمَا عَلَى الرَّسُولِ إلَّا الْبَلَاغُ الْمُبِينُ

And the Messenger's only duty is to deliver messages clearly

wamā ʕalā r-rasūli ʔillā l-balāḡu l-mubīnu

وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَذُو مَغْفِرَةٍ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى ظُلْمِهِمْ

And indeed, your Lord is full of forgiveness for the people despite their wrongdoing

wa-ʔinna rabbaka laḏū maḡfiratin li-n-nāsi ʕalā ẓulmihim

قَالَ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُنْكِحَكَ إِحْدَى ٱبْنَتَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ عَلَى أَن تَأْجُرَنِي ثَمَانِيَ حِجَجٍ

He said, "Indeed, I wish to wed you one of these, my two daughters, on the condition that you serve me for eight years,"

qāla ʔinnī ʔurīdu ʔan ʔunkiḥaka ʔiḥdā bnatayya hātayni ʕalā ʔan taʔjuranī ṯamāniya ḥijajin


حسب

ar-prep

حَسَبَ • (ḥasaba)

حَسَبَ (canonical)
ḥasaba (romanization)
حَسَبَ (stem)
حَسَبِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
حَسَبَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
حَسَبَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
حَسَبَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
حَسَبَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
حَسَبَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
حَسَبَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
حَسَبَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
حَسَبَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
حَسَبَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
حَسَبَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
حَسَبَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਹਸਬ (hasab)

Shahmukhi script: حسب (hasab)


ك

Cognate with Hebrew כ- (k^ə) and Ugaritic 𐎋 (k).

زَيْدٌ كَـٱلْأَسَدِ.


ل

لِـ (canonical)
li- (romanization)
لِـ (stem)
لِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
لِيَ (feminine first-person masculine singular)
لَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
لَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
لَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
لَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
لَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
لَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
لَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
لَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
لَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
لَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
لَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

→ Azerbaijani: ləh

→ Persian: له (lah)


ل

لَـ (canonical)
la- (romanization)
لَـ (stem)
لِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
لِيَ (feminine first-person masculine singular)
لَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
لَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
لَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
لَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
لَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
لَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
لَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
لَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
لَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
لَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
لَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

يَا لَلْعَجَبِ!

يَا لَهُ مِنْ عَالَمٍ رَائِعٍ!

يَا لَلْأُمِّ لِلْأَطْفَالِ!

Oh for mother to the children! (Oh mother, help your children!)


ضد

ضِدَّ • (ḍidda)

ضِدَّ (canonical)
ḍidda (romanization)
ضِدَّ (stem)
ضِدِّي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
ضِدَّنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
ضِدَّكَ (masculine second-person singular)
ضِدَّكِ (feminine second-person singular)
ضِدَّكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
ضِدَّكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
ضِدَّكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
ضِدَّهُ (masculine singular third-person)
ضِدَّهَا (feminine singular third-person)
ضِدَّهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
ضِدَّهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
ضِدَّهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


מן

ובנו אסראיל אתׄמרו וסעו וכתׄרו ועטׄמו גׄדא גׄדא ואמתלי דׄלך אלבלד מנהם׃

c. 10th century, Saadia Gaon, Tafsir, 1:7:

And the sons of Israel were fruitful, and strove, and were numerous, and were very, very mighty, and that country was full of them.

wabanū ʔisrāʔīla ʔaṯmarū wasaʕaw wakaṯurū waʕaẓamū jiddan jiddan wamtalā ḏālika l-baladu minhum.

Judeo-Arabic spelling of مِنْ (min, “from, of”)


حال

حَالَ • (ḥāla)

حَالَ (canonical)
ḥāla (romanization)
حَالَ (stem)
حَالِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
حَالَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
حَالَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
حَالَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
حَالَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
حَالَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
حَالَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
حَالَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
حَالَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
حَالَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
حَالَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
حَالَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Adverbial accusative of حَال (ḥāl, “circumstance”).


داخل

ar-adj

دَاخِلَ • (dāḵila)

دَاخِلَ (canonical)
dāḵila (romanization)
دَاخِلَ (stem)
دَاخِلِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
دَاخِلَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
دَاخِلَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
دَاخِلَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
دَاخِلَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
دَاخِلَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
دَاخِلَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
دَاخِلَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
دَاخِلَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
دَاخِلَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
دَاخِلَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
دَاخِلَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


قبل

ar-prep

قَبْلَ • (qabla)

قَبْلَ (canonical)
qabla (romanization)
قَبْلَ (stem)
قَبْلِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
قَبْلَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
قَبْلَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
قَبْلَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
قَبْلَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
قَبْلَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
قَبْلَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
قَبْلَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
قَبْلَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
قَبْلَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
قَبْلَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
قَبْلَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Maltese: qabel

→ Swahili: kabla

رَأَْيْتُهُ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ بِيَوْمَيْنِ.

رَأَْيْتُهُ قَبْلَ يَوْمَيْنِ.


قبل

قِبَلَ (canonical)
qibala (romanization)
قِبَلَ (stem)
قِبَلِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
قِبَلَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
قِبَلَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
قِبَلَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
قِبَلَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
قِبَلَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
قِبَلَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
قِبَلَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
قِبَلَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
قِبَلَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
قِبَلَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
قِبَلَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


خارج

خَارِجَ • (ḵārija)

خَارِجَ (canonical)
ḵārija (romanization)
خَارِجَ (stem)
خَارِجِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
خَارِجَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
خَارِجَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
خَارِجَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
خَارِجَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
خَارِجَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
خَارِجَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
خَارِجَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
خَارِجَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
خَارِجَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
خَارِجَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
خَارِجَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Construct-state accusative of خَارِج (ḵārij, “outside, exterior”).


بدون

بِدُونِ • (bidūni)

بِدُونِ (canonical)
bidūni (romanization)
بِدُونِ (stem)
بِدُونِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
بِدُونِنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
بِدُونِكَ (masculine second-person singular)
بِدُونِكِ (feminine second-person singular)
بِدُونِكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
بِدُونِكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
بِدُونِكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
بِدُونِهِ (masculine singular third-person)
بِدُونِهَا (feminine singular third-person)
بِدُونِهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
بِدُونِهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
بِدُونِهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Compounded from the preposition بِ (bi-, “with”) + the preposition دُونَ (dūna).

لَا يُمْكِنُنِي السَّفَرُ بِدُونِ جَوَازِ سَفَرٍ صَالِحٍ.

I can't travel without a valid passport.

lā yumkinunī s-safaru bidūni jawāzi safarin ṣāliḥin.


مع

مَعَ • (maʕa)

مَعَ (canonical)
maʕa (romanization)
مَعَ (stem)
مَعِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
مَعَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
مَعَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
مَعَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
مَعَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
مَعَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
مَعَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
مَعَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
مَعَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
مَعَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
مَعَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
مَعَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Gulf Arabic: مع (maʕa)

Hijazi Arabic: مع (maʕ)

Maltese: ma’

Moroccan Arabic: مع (mʕa)

Tunisian Arabic: مع (mʕa)

Cognate with Ugaritic 𐎎𐎓 (mʿ). Compare Hebrew עם (ím / ʕím).

with, together with, accompanied by, in the company of

in the estimation of, in the eyes of, in the opinion of

مَعَ البَرْدْ، ذَهَبْتُ


عن

عَنْ • (ʕan)

عَنْ (canonical)
ʕan (romanization)
عَنْ (stem)
عَنِّي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
عَنَّا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
عَنْكَ (masculine second-person singular)
عَنْكِ (feminine second-person singular)
عَنْكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
عَنْكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
عَنْكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
عَنْهُ (masculine singular third-person)
عَنْهَا (feminine singular third-person)
عَنْهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
عَنْهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
عَنْهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

From the root ع ن ن (ʕ-n-n) in the sense of appearing in view in the distance and in the sense offering or presenting, bring it into someone’s view; related to ع ي ن (ʕ-y-n) a root denoting the eye and vision.

according to, as attested by, on authority of


إلى

إِلَى • (ʔilā)

إِلَى (canonical)
ʔilā (romanization)
إِلَى (stem)
إِلَيَّ (feminine first-person masculine singular)
إِلَيْنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
إِلَيْكَ (masculine second-person singular)
إِلَيْكِ (feminine second-person singular)
إِلَيْكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
إِلَيْكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
إِلَيْكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
إِلَيْهِ (masculine singular third-person)
إِلَيْهَا (feminine singular third-person)
إِلَيْهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
إِلَيْهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
إِلَيْهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Judeo-Arabic: אלי (ʾilā)

Maltese: lejn

North Levantine Arabic: ل (la) (merged with لِ (li))

→ Ottoman Turkish: الی (ila)

→ Persian: الی (elâ)

* Lengthened from Proto-Semitic *ʾila (“towards, nigh”), displaying some attachment of Proto-Semitic *la (“for”) used in Literary Arabic لَ (la, “for”) only before pronominal suffixes, having stood in some variation with Proto-Semitic *li (“for”) from which Arabic لِ (li, “for”). Compare عَلَى (ʕalā).
* Related to the root ء و ل (ʔ-w-l) in the sense of “returning” and to the root ء ل و (ʔ-l-w) in the sense of “striving towards but failing”.


ممن

ar-preposition

مِمَّنْ • (mimman)

مِمَّنْ (canonical)
mimman (romanization)

Contraction of مِنْ مَنْ (min man, “from whom”).


بجانب

ar-prep

بِجَانِبِ • (bi-jānibi)

بِجَانِبِ (canonical)
bi-jānibi (romanization)
بِجَانِبِ (stem)
بِجَانِبِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
بِجَانِبِنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
بِجَانِبِكَ (masculine second-person singular)
بِجَانِبِكِ (feminine second-person singular)
بِجَانِبِكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
بِجَانِبِكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
بِجَانِبِكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
بِجَانِبِهِ (masculine singular third-person)
بِجَانِبِهَا (feminine singular third-person)
بِجَانِبِهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
بِجَانِبِهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
بِجَانِبِهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

From بِـ (bi-, “on”) + جَانِب (jānib, “side”).

af

بِجَانِبِهِ


بعد

ar-prep

بَعْدَ • (baʕda)

بَعْدَ (canonical)
baʕda (romanization)
بَعْدَ (stem)
بَعْدِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
بَعْدَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
بَعْدَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
بَعْدَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
بَعْدَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
بَعْدَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
بَعْدَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
بَعْدَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
بَعْدَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
بَعْدَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
بَعْدَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
بَعْدَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

→ Swahili: baada


إلا

إِلَّا • (ʔillā)

Cognate with Ge'ez አላ (ʾälla), Hebrew אֶלָּא (ʾellā).

مولاي إني ببابك قد بسطت يدي
من لي ألوذ به إلاك يا سندي

(Can we date this quote?), Sayyid al-Naqšabandī (lyrics and music), “مَوْلَاي (mawlāy) [My Lord]”:

My Lord, I sit at your door, with arms outspread.
Who is there for me to whom I may flee,
Save for you, my prop?

(in affirmatives and rhetorical questions, rare) except (for), save (for), but (for), barring; other than, besides, apart from

(in negatives, rare) no more than; nothing more than; nothing but or no one but; only, but


قبيل

قُبَيْلَ • (qubayla)

قُبَيْلَ (canonical)
qubayla (romanization)


قرين

قَرِينَ • (qarīna)

قَرِينَ (canonical)
qarīna (romanization)
قَرِينَ (stem)
قَرِينِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
قَرِينَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
قَرِينَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
قَرِينَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
قَرِينَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
قَرِينَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
قَرِينَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
قَرِينَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
قَرِينَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
قَرِينَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
قَرِينَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
قَرِينَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Adverbial accusative of قَرِين (qarīn, “connected”).

adverbial accusative

in conjunction with, in connection with, upon


منذ

ar-prep

مُنْذُ • (munḏu)

Maltese: mindu

رَأَيْتُكَ مُنْذُ يَوْمُ الْخَمِيسِ

رَأَيْتُكَ مُنْذُ يَوْمُ الْخَمِيسِ إِلَى يُوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ

raʔaytuka munḏu yawmu l-ḵamīsi ʔilā yuwmi l-jumuʕati

denotes the time at which an occurrence started

لَا أَزَالُ أَرَاكَ مُنْذُ يَوْمَيْنِ

denotes an amount of time stretching from the past

قِفَا نَبْكِ مِنْ ذِكْرَى حَبِيبٍ وَعِرْفَانِ / وَرَسْمٍ عَفَتْ آيَاتُهُ مُنْذُ أَزْمَانِ

a. 544 CE, Imruʾ al-Qays, قِفَا نَبْكِ مِنْ ذِكْرَى حَبِيبٍ وَعِرْفَانِ (qifā nabki min ḏikrā ḥabībin waʕirfāni) [Let Us Weep]:

Halt! Let us weep
For the memory of
Our ladylove
And our memory of
A rubble heap,
Which faded away
So long ago.

qifā nabki min ḏikrā ḥabībin waʕirfānī / warasmin ʕafat ʔāyātuhu munḏu ʔazmānī

منذ زمن طويل وفي أراضٍ بعيدة، أنا آكو، المتحوّل الشرير، وسيد الظلام، أطلقت شرًا رهيبًا جدًا، لكنّ محارب ساموراي الغبيّ، يحمل سيفًا سحريًّا، تقدّم ليواجهني.

21st century, Genndy Tartakovsky, سَامُورَاي جَاك (sāmūrāy jāk) [Samurai Jack]:

Long ago in a distant land, I, Aku, the evil shape-shifter and the Master of Darkness, unleashed an unspeakable evil, but the foolish samurai warrior, who wields a magic sword, stepped forth to oppose me.

denotes the length of the period between a time or occurrence in the past and the present

رَأَيْتُكَ مُنْذُ زَمَنٍ بَعِيدٍ.

رَأَيْتُكَ مُنْذُ الْيَوْمُ

(obsolete) denotes a time in the present


متى

مَتَى • (matā)

Compare مَا (mā, “what?”) and مَن (man, “who?”). Cognate to Hebrew מתי (matai).

Abu Dhu'ayb Al-Hudhali
شَرِبْنَ بِمَاءِ ٱلْبَحْرِ ثُمَّ تَرَفَّعَتْ مَتَى لُجَجٍ خُضْرٍ لَهُنَّ نَئِيجُ
šaribna bimāʔi l-baḥri ṯumma taraffaʕat matā lujajin ḵuḍrin lahunna naʔīju

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


أمام

أَمَامَ • (ʔamāma)

أَمَامَ (canonical)
ʔamāma (romanization)
أَمَامَ (stem)
أَمَامِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
أَمَامَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
أَمَامَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
أَمَامَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
أَمَامَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
أَمَامَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
أَمَامَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
أَمَامَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
أَمَامَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
أَمَامَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
أَمَامَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
أَمَامَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

From the root ء م م (ʔ-m-m) meaning "to head in a direction", "to lead".

بَلۡ یُرِیدُ ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنُ لِیَفۡجُرَ أَمَامَهُۥ. ٦. یَسۡـَٔلُ "أَیَّانَ یَوۡمُ ٱلۡقِیَـٰمَةِ؟"

But man would fain deny what is before him. 6. He asketh: "When will be this Day of Resurrection?"

وأصدر خليفة حفتر بحسب كتابه إلى رئيس مجلس إدارة الهيئة العامة للمواصلات والنقل بالحكومة الموقتة بالبيضاء، أمرا بقفل ميناء طبرق البحري في شرق البلاد أمام الملاحة الدولية.

2017 October 13, “حفتر يقفل ميناء طبرق أمام الملاحة الدولية ويستبدل مسار السفن إلى ميناء بنغازي”, in LibyaAkhbar.com, archived from the original on 2017-10-13:

The debuty of Ḥaftar has, as per his writing to the head of the governing group of the public organization for transport and traffic in the provisional government of Bayḍāʾ, issued an order to close the sea port of Ṭubruq in the east of the country for international shipping.


حوالي

حَوَالَيْ • (ḥawālay)

حَوَالَيْ (canonical)
ḥawālay (romanization)
حَوَالَيْ (stem)
حَوَالَيَّ (feminine first-person masculine singular)
حَوَالَيْنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
حَوَالَيْكَ (masculine second-person singular)
حَوَالَيْكِ (feminine second-person singular)
حَوَالَيْكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
حَوَالَيْكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
حَوَالَيْكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
حَوَالَيْهِ (masculine singular third-person)
حَوَالَيْهَا (feminine singular third-person)
حَوَالَيْهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
حَوَالَيْهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
حَوَالَيْهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

approximately, around (hear, determining approximate quantity)


بلا

بِلَا • (bilā)

→ Swahili: bila


وراء

وَرَاءَ • (warāʔa)

وَرَاءَ (canonical)
warāʔa (romanization)
وَرَاءَ (stem)
وَرَائِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
وَرَاءَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
وَرَاءَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
وَرَاءَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
وَرَاءَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
وَرَاءَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
وَرَاءَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
وَرَاءَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
وَرَاءَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
وَرَاءَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
وَرَاءَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
وَرَاءَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Maltese: wara

From و ر ء (w-r-ʔ) or و ر ي (w-r-y). Lane's Dictionary, page 2933, "ورأ" meaning to push back behind something, to obscure or cover over; ultimately from "ورى", page 3052, meaning to make a fire, to set a blaze in front of you, behind its cover, to allude, to pretend or being ambiguous, to state something symbolically or to see another meaning besides the apparent.

وَتَجْلِسُ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَرَاءَ النَّافِذَةِ

1959, Naguib Mahfouz, chapter 3, in Children of Gebelawi:

And in the evening she sits behind the window.


خلال

خِلَالَ • (ḵilāla)

خِلَالَ (canonical)
ḵilāla (romanization)
خِلَالَ (stem)
خِلَالِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
خِلَالَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
خِلَالَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
خِلَالَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
خِلَالَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
خِلَالَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
خِلَالَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
خِلَالَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
خِلَالَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
خِلَالَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
خِلَالَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
خِلَالَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Adverbial accusative of the plural of خَلَل (ḵalal, “gap”), i.e. “between the gap of”.

خِلَالَ القِسْمِ الأَكْبَرِ مِنْ القُرُونِ الوُسْطَى الأُورُوبِيَّة

during the most part of European Middle Ages

ḵilāla al-qismi l-ʔakbari min al-qurūni l-wusṭā l-ʔūrūbiyya

قد تعهد خلال حملته الانتخابيَة بفتح حوار مع ايران

2009 July 5, “رئيس الاركان الامريكي يحذر من ضرب ايران”, in BBC Arabic:

During his election campaign, he pledged to open dialogue with Iran.

qad taʕahhada xilāla ḥamlatihi al-ʔintixābiyyati bi-fataḥa ḥiwāran maʕa ʔīrān


بين

بَيْنَ • (bayna)

بَيْنَ (canonical)
bayna (romanization)
بَيْنَ (stem)
بَيْنِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
بَيْنَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
بَيْنَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
بَيْنَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
بَيْنَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
بَيْنَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
بَيْنَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
بَيْنَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
بَيْنَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
بَيْنَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
بَيْنَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
بَيْنَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Maltese: bejn

→ Swahili: baina

Compare with Hebrew בֵּין (béin), Aramaic 𐡁𐡉𐡍 (byn /bēn/), Ugaritic 𐎁𐎐 (bn), Ge'ez በይነ (bäynä), Old South Arabian 𐩨𐩺𐩬 (byn), 𐩨𐩬 (bn). Synchronically like an adverbial accusative of بَيْن (bayn, “interstice”) from the root ب ي ن (b-y-n).

adverbial accusative

بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ

between (“in the position or interval that separates two things”)


تحت

ar-prep

تَحْتَ • (taḥta)

تَحْتَ (canonical)
taḥta (romanization)
تَحْتَ (stem)
تَحْتِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
تَحْتَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
تَحْتَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
تَحْتَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
تَحْتَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
تَحْتَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
تَحْتَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
تَحْتَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
تَحْتَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
تَحْتَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
تَحْتَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
تَحْتَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Adverbial accusative of تَحْت (taḥt, “location that is below”). Related to Hebrew תַּחַת (tákhat).

adverbial accusative

جَلَسْتُ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةِ ٱلزَّيْتُونِ وَٱسْتَمْتَعْتُ بِنَسِيمِ ٱلْهَوَاءِ ٱلْعَلِيلِ.

I sat under the olive tree and enjoyed the gentle breeze.

jalastu taḥta šajarati z-zaytūni wastamtaʕtu binasīmi l-hawāʔi l-ʕalīli.


بغير

ar-prep

بِغَيْرِ • (bi-ḡayri)

بِغَيْرِ (canonical)
bi-ḡayri (romanization)
بِغَيْرِ (stem)
بِغَيْرِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
بِغَيْرِنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
بِغَيْرِكَ (masculine second-person singular)
بِغَيْرِكِ (feminine second-person singular)
بِغَيْرِكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
بِغَيْرِكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
بِغَيْرِكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
بِغَيْرِهِ (masculine singular third-person)
بِغَيْرِهَا (feminine singular third-person)
بِغَيْرِهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
بِغَيْرِهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
بِغَيْرِهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

⇒ Gujarati: વગર (vagar)

بِـ (bi-, “with”) + غَيْر (ḡayr, “other than”)

وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يُجَادِلُ فِي اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَلَا هُدًى وَلَا كِتَابٍ مُّنِيرٍ

˹Still˺ there are some who dispute about Allah without knowledge, guidance, or an enlightening scripture.

wamina n-nāsi man yujādilu fī l-lahi biḡayri ʕilmin walā hudan walā kitābin munīrin

لِيَجْزِيَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ أَحْسَنَ مَا عَمِلُوا۟ وَيَزِيدَهُم مِّن فَضْلِهِۦ وَٱللَّهُ يَرْزُقُ مَن يَشَآءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍۢ

˹hoping˺ that Allah may reward them according to the best of their deeds, and increase them out of His grace. And Allah provides for whoever He wills without limit.


حول

حَوْلَ • (ḥawla)

حَوْلَ (canonical)
ḥawla (romanization)
حَوْلَ (stem)
حَوْلِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
حَوْلَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
حَوْلَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
حَوْلَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
حَوْلَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
حَوْلَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
حَوْلَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
حَوْلَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
حَوْلَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
حَوْلَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
حَوْلَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
حَوْلَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

فَبِمَا رَحۡمَةࣲ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ لِنتَ لَهُمۡ ۖ وَلَوۡ كُنتَ فَظًّا غَلِيظَ ٱلۡقَلۡبِ لَٱنفَضُّوا۟ مِنۡ حَوۡلِكَ ۖ فَٱعۡفُ عَنۡهُمۡ وَٱسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لَهُمۡ وَشَاوِرۡهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأَمۡرِ ۖ فَإِذَا عَزَمۡتَ فَتَوَكَّلۡ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُتَوَكِّلِينَ

fabimā raḥmatin mina l-lahi linta lahum walaw kunta faẓẓan ḡalīẓa l-qalbi lanfaḍḍū min ḥawlika faʕfu ʕanhum wastaḡfir lahum wašāwirhum fī l-ʔamri faʔiḏā ʕazamta fatawakkal ʕalā l-lahi ʔinna l-laha yuḥibbu l-mutawakkilīna


بحسب

بِحَسَبِ • (bi-ḥasabi)

بِحَسَبِ (canonical)
bi-ḥasabi (romanization)
بِحَسَبِ (stem)
بِحَسَبِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
بِحَسَبِنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
بِحَسَبِكَ (masculine second-person singular)
بِحَسَبِكِ (feminine second-person singular)
بِحَسَبِكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
بِحَسَبِكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
بِحَسَبِكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
بِحَسَبِهِ (masculine singular third-person)
بِحَسَبِهَا (feminine singular third-person)
بِحَسَبِهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
بِحَسَبِهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
بِحَسَبِهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


אלי

head

אלי • (ʔilā)

תׄם קאל אללה למוסי אדכׄל אלי פרעון פאני קד קוית קלבה וקלב קואדה לכי אחל אפאתי הדׄה בהם׃

c. 10th century, Saadia Gaon, Tafsir, 10:1:

Then God said to Moses: Come to Pharaoh for I have just strengthened his heart and the heart of his commanders so that I might set upon them these my plagues.

ṯumma qāla llāhu limūsā dḵul ʔilā firʕawna faʔinnī qad qawwaytu qalbahu wa-qalba quwwādihi likay ʔuḥilla ʔāfātī hāḏihi bahum.

إلَى إلى#Arabic

Judeo-Arabic spelling of إلَى (ʔilā, “to, toward”)


قرب

ar-prep

قُرْبَ • (qurba)

قُرْبَ ٱلظُّهْر


خلف

خَلْفَ • (ḵalfa)

خَلْفَ (canonical)
ḵalfa (romanization)
خَلْفَ (stem)
خَلْفِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
خَلْفَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
خَلْفَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
خَلْفَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
خَلْفَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
خَلْفَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
خَلْفَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
خَلْفَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
خَلْفَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
خَلْفَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
خَلْفَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
خَلْفَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

بَدَأَت جُو تَمْشِي ذَهَابًا وَإِيَابًا وَيَدَاهَا خَلْفَ ظَهْرِهَا، كَٱلرَّجُلِ.

2019, Courtney Charley, chapter 1, in نِسَاء صَغِيرَات, translation of Little Women by Louisa Alcott (in English):

Joe started walking back and forth with her hands behind her back, like a man.

badaʔat jū tamšī ḏahāban waʔiyāban wayadāhā ḵalfa ẓahrihā, kar-rajuli.


تلو

تِلْوَ • (tilwa)

تِلْوَ (canonical)
tilwa (romanization)
تِلْوَ (stem)
تِلْوِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
تِلْوَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
تِلْوَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
تِلْوَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
تِلْوَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
تِلْوَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
تِلْوَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
تِلْوَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
تِلْوَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
تِلْوَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
تِلْوَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
تِلْوَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

أَرْسَلَ رِسَالَةً تِلْوَ رِسَالَةً.


بعيد

بُعَيْدَ • (buʕayda)

بُعَيْدَ (canonical)
buʕayda (romanization)
بُعَيْدَ (stem)
بُعَيْدِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
بُعَيْدَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
بُعَيْدَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
بُعَيْدَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
بُعَيْدَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
بُعَيْدَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
بُعَيْدَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
بُعَيْدَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
بُعَيْدَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
بُعَيْدَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
بُعَيْدَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
بُعَيْدَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


لقاء

لِقَاءَ • (liqāʔa)

لِقَاءَ (canonical)
liqāʔa (romanization)


صوب

صَوْبَ • (ṣawba)

صَوْبَ (canonical)
ṣawba (romanization)
صَوْبَ (stem)
صَوْبِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
صَوْبَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
صَوْبَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
صَوْبَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
صَوْبَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
صَوْبَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
صَوْبَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
صَوْبَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
صَوْبَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
صَوْبَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
صَوْبَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
صَوْبَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

أطلقت قوات الاحتلال النيران بكثافة صوب الشاب ما أدى إلى إصابته بجروح بالغة الخطورة.

2017 December 15, “صور – 4 شهداء في الضفة الغربية وقطاع غزة”, in Al-Quds, archived from the original on 2017-12-15:

The occupation forces launched the fire densely towards the young man which lead to serious wounds being inflicted on him.


له

third-person singular masculine of لِـ (li-)


خلا

خَلَا • (ḵalā)

خَلَا (canonical)
ḵalā (romanization)
خَلَا (stem)
خَلَانِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
خَلَايَ (feminine first-person masculine singular)
خَلَانَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
خَلَاكَ (masculine second-person singular)
خَلَاكِ (feminine second-person singular)
خَلَاكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
خَلَاكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
خَلَاكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
خَلَاهُ (masculine singular third-person)
خَلَاهَا (feminine singular third-person)
خَلَاهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
خَلَاهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
خَلَاهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


מע

הדׄה אסמא בני אסראיל אלדאכׄלין אלי מצר מע יעקוב רגׄל ואלה דכׄלו׃

c. 10th century, Saadia Gaon, Tafsir, 1:1:

These are the names of the sons of Israel entering Egypt. With Jacob, man and his kin entered:

hāḏihi ʔasmāʔu banī ʔisrāʔīla d-dāḵilīna ʔilā miṣra maʕa yaʕqūba rajulun waʔilluhu daḵalū.

Judeo-Arabic spelling of مَعَ (maʕa, “with”)


طوال

طَوَالَ • (ṭawāla)

طَوَالَ (canonical)
ṭawāla (romanization)
طَوَالَ (stem)
طَوَالِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
طَوَالَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
طَوَالَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
طَوَالَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
طَوَالَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
طَوَالَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
طَوَالَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
طَوَالَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
طَوَالَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
طَوَالَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
طَوَالَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
طَوَالَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)
طِوَالَ (stem)
طِوَالِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
طِوَالَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
طِوَالَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
طِوَالَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
طِوَالَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
طِوَالَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
طِوَالَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
طِوَالَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
طِوَالَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
طِوَالَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
طِوَالَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
طِوَالَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


نحو

نَحْوَ • (naḥwa)

نَحْوَ (canonical)
naḥwa (romanization)
نَحْوَ (stem)
نَحْوِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
نَحْوَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
نَحْوَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
نَحْوَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
نَحْوَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
نَحْوَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
نَحْوَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
نَحْوَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
نَحْوَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
نَحْوَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
نَحْوَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
نَحْوَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Root
 ن ح و (n ḥ w)
 0 terms
The "grammar" sense, according to a report, is derived from ʿAlī telling ʾAbu al-ʾAswad ad-Duʾali, who is believed to be the first Arabic grammarian: «مَا أَحْسَنَ هٰذَا النَّحْوَ الَّذِي نَحَوْتَ» (“mā ʔaḥsana hāḏā an-naḥwa allaḏī naḥawta”, “How wonderful this direction (naḥw) that you have followed is”) after he showed ʿAlī the grammar he had organized.

towards, in the direction of, after, in accordance with

like, like as, as for instance, such as, for example


ضمن

ضِمْنَ • (ḍimna)

ضِمْنَ (canonical)
ḍimna (romanization)
ضِمْنَ (stem)
ضِمْنِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
ضِمْنَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
ضِمْنَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
ضِمْنَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
ضِمْنَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
ضِمْنَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
ضِمْنَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
ضِمْنَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
ضِمْنَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
ضِمْنَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
ضِمْنَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
ضِمْنَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


لدى

لَدَى • (ladā)

لَدَى (canonical)
ladā (romanization)
لَدَى (stem)
لَدَيَّ (feminine first-person masculine singular)
لَدَيْنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
لَدَيْكَ (masculine second-person singular)
لَدَيْكِ (feminine second-person singular)
لَدَيْكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
لَدَيْكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
لَدَيْكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
لَدَيْهِ (masculine singular third-person)
لَدَيْهَا (feminine singular third-person)
لَدَيْهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
لَدَيْهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
لَدَيْهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Related to Aramaic ליד (lyd, “under control of, next to”) and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic לידי (lydy, “into one's possession, into a state of, towards”). Developed parallel with لَدُن (ladun), derived from a contraction of لَ (la, “to, for; at”) + يَدَا (yadā, “hand”); at hand. Hence rendering the sense, to be right before them, to be in their presence, immediately at their person, nearly occupying the same location, as close as one can get.

cog

on, upon (something occurring or someone doing something)


حذاء

ar-prep

حِذَاءَ • (ḥiḏāʔa)

حِذَاءَ (canonical)
ḥiḏāʔa (romanization)
حِذَاءَ (stem)
حِذَائِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
حِذَاءَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
حِذَاءَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
حِذَاءَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
حِذَاءَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
حِذَاءَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
حِذَاءَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
حِذَاءَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
حِذَاءَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
حِذَاءَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
حِذَاءَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
حِذَاءَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Maltese: ħdejn

Moroccan Arabic: حدا (ḥdā)

جَلَسَ حِذَاءَهُ


وسط

وَسْطَ or وَسَطَ • (wasṭa or wasaṭa)

وَسْطَ (canonical)
وَسَطَ (canonical)
wasṭa (romanization)
wasaṭa (romanization)
وَسْطَ (stem)
وَسْطِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
وَسْطَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
وَسْطَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
وَسْطَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
وَسْطَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
وَسْطَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
وَسْطَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
وَسْطَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
وَسْطَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
وَسْطَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
وَسْطَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
وَسْطَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)
وَسَطَ (stem)
وَسَطِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
وَسَطَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
وَسَطَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
وَسَطَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
وَسَطَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
وَسَطَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
وَسَطَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
وَسَطَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
وَسَطَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
وَسَطَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
وَسَطَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
وَسَطَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Root
 و س ط (w s ṭ)
 0 terms
Compare Classical Syriac ܝܫܛܐ (yašṭā, “esophagus, throat”) and Ge'ez ውሳጤ (wəsaṭe, “inside, interior”).

cog

amidst, midst, at the center of, in the middle of, among, amongst


بسبب

بِسَبَبِ (canonical)
bisababi (romanization)

From بِـ (bi-, “with, by”) + سَبَب (sabab, “reason, cause”).


حتى

ar-prep

حَتَّى • (ḥattā)

* Traditionally, Arabic grammarians link it to the root ح ت ت (ḥ-t-t) in the senses of "to scrape or rub off", "to remove or destroy", "to end something", "to drive back or repel"; hence the meaning of an end-limit, the ending barrier or the point that holds back. Such a derivation would be highly irregular.
* Some classical dialects attest the word as عَتَّى (ʕattā), which is closer to the usual Semitic form found in Ugaritic 𐎓𐎄 (ʿd), Hebrew עַד (ʿaḏ), Aramaic עַד (ʿaḏ), and Akkadian 𒀀𒁲 (adi). If this is related, it could be connected with the root ع ت ي (ʕ-t-y), meaning "to be excessive", "to push the limits or be at the threshold", "to be extremely old or at the extreme end of life".
* Al-Jallad proposes an etymology from حَدّ (ḥadd, “limit”) + a conjunction *tay, as seen in مَتَى (matā, “when”, literally “what + *tay”) and North Levantine Arabic تَـ (ta-).

أَكَلْتُ ٱلسَّمَكَةَ حَتَّى رَأْسِهَا

until, as far as, to the point of, even up to


أسفل

أَسْفَلَ • (ʔasfala)

أَسْفَلَ (canonical)
ʔasfala (romanization)
أَسْفَلَ (stem)
أَسْفَلِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
أَسْفَلَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
أَسْفَلَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
أَسْفَلَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
أَسْفَلَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
أَسْفَلَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
أَسْفَلَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
أَسْفَلَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
أَسْفَلَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
أَسْفَلَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
أَسْفَلَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
أَسْفَلَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


مدة

مُدَّةَ (canonical)
muddata (romanization)

فَأَسْرَعَ جُحَا إِلَى حِذَائِهِ... لَبِسَهُ... وَمَشَى مُدَّةَ سَاعَتَيْنِ... ثُمَّ جَلَسَ وَحِيدًا بَعْدَ أَنْ تَعِبَ مِنْ الْمَشْيِ...

So Joha hurried to his shoes... put them on... walked for two hours... then he sat alone after he got tired of walking...

faʔasraʕa juḥā ʔilā ḥiḏāʔihi... labisahu... wamašā muddata sāʕatayni... ṯumma jalasa waḥīdan baʕda ʔan taʕiba min al-mašyi...


حالة

حَالَةَ • (ḥālata)

حَالَةَ (canonical)
ḥālata (romanization)
حَالَةَ (stem)
حَالَتِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
حَالَتَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
حَالَتَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
حَالَتَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
حَالَتَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
حَالَتَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
حَالَتَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
حَالَتَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
حَالَتَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
حَالَتَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
حَالَتَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
حَالَتَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Accusative case construct state of حَالَة (ḥāla), with the accusative representing an adverbial accusative.


على حسب

عَلَى حَسَبِ

عَلَى حَسَبِ • (ʕalā ḥasabi)

عَلَى حَسَبِ (canonical)
ʕalā ḥasabi (romanization)
عَلَى حَسَبِ (stem)
عَلَى حَسَبِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
عَلَى حَسَبِنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
عَلَى حَسَبِكَ (masculine second-person singular)
عَلَى حَسَبِكِ (feminine second-person singular)
عَلَى حَسَبِكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
عَلَى حَسَبِكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
عَلَى حَسَبِكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
عَلَى حَسَبِهِ (masculine singular third-person)
عَلَى حَسَبِهَا (feminine singular third-person)
عَلَى حَسَبِهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
عَلَى حَسَبِهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
عَلَى حَسَبِهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


كي

كَيْ • (kay)

From Proto-Semitic *kiyā, a deictic particle, related to *ka.

كَيْمَ؟


حين

حِينَ • (ḥīna)


عبر

عَبْرَ • (ʕabra)

عَبْرَ (canonical)
ʕabra (romanization)
عَبْرَ (stem)
عَبْرِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
عَبْرَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
عَبْرَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
عَبْرَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
عَبْرَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
عَبْرَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
عَبْرَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
عَبْرَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
عَبْرَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
عَبْرَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
عَبْرَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
عَبْرَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Adverbial accusative of عَبْر (ʕabr, “crossing”). Compare Old South Arabian 𐩲𐩨𐩧 (ʿbr, “towards”).


عقب

ar-prep

عَقِبَ • (ʕaqiba)

عَقِبَ (canonical)
ʕaqiba (romanization)
عَقِبَ (stem)
عَقِبِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
عَقِبَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
عَقِبَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
عَقِبَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
عَقِبَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
عَقِبَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
عَقِبَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
عَقِبَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
عَقِبَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
عَقِبَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
عَقِبَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
عَقِبَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


جوار

جِوَارَ • (jiwāra)

جِوَارَ (canonical)
jiwāra (romanization)


بدل

بَدَلَ (canonical)
badala (romanization)
بَدَلَ (stem)
بَدَلِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
بَدَلَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
بَدَلَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
بَدَلَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
بَدَلَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
بَدَلَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
بَدَلَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
بَدَلَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
بَدَلَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
بَدَلَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
بَدَلَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
بَدَلَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

in exchange for, in compensation for, in lieu of, instead of


قيد

قَيْدَ • (qayda)

قَيْدَ (canonical)
qayda (romanization)
قَيْدَ (stem)
قَيْدِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
قَيْدَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
قَيْدَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
قَيْدَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
قَيْدَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
قَيْدَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
قَيْدَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
قَيْدَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
قَيْدَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
قَيْدَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
قَيْدَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
قَيْدَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

currently being, in progress, in the stage or process of


دون

دُونَ • (dūna)

دُونَ (canonical)
dūna (romanization)
دُونَ (stem)
دُونِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
دُونَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
دُونَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
دُونَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
دُونَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
دُونَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
دُونَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
دُونَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
دُونَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
دُونَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
دُونَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
دُونَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

«فَأْتُوا بِالتَّوْرَاةِ فَاتْلُوهَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ!» – فَوَضَعَ مِدْرَاسُهَا الَّذِي يُدَرِّسُهَا مِنْهُمْ كَفَّهُ عَلَى آيَةِ الرَّجْمِ، فَطَفِقَ يَقْرَأُ مَا دُونَ يَدِهِ وَمَا وَرَاءَهَا، وَلَا يَقْرَأُ آيَةَ الرَّجْمِ.

7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Buḵāriyy, 65:78:

“Bring the Torah here and recite it if ye art truthful!” – and the teacher teaching it put the palm of his hand over the stoning verse and commenced to read what was [written] below and what [from his point of view] behind his hand, not reading the stoning verse.

“faʔtū bi-t-tawrāti fātlūhā ʔin kuntum ṣādiqīna!” – fawaḍaʕa midrāsuhā llaḏī yudarrisuhā minhum kaffahu ʕalā ʔāyati r-rajmi, faṭafiqa yaqraʔu mā dūna yadihi wamā warāʔahā, walā yaqraʔu ʔāyata r-rajmi.

والكتم قال أبو الخير هو ثلاثة أنواع منها ما له ورق عريض مثل ورق الآس الذي ينبت في الشعرى وهو يعلو كثيرا ويأخذ من التدويح وورقه مشرفة مثل تشريف المنشار ومنه نوع آخر له ورق دون الأول في العرض وتعظم شجرته أيضا وله حب في قدر حب الفلفل والريحان ويعتصر منه دهن يستصبح به ونوع آخر له ورق طويل دقيق مثل ورق المسان وقيل إن مما جرب فصح إنه إن سقى من عصارة ورقه ثمانية دراهم لمن عضه الكلب فإنه يبرئ في ذلك اليوم ويخلص بإذن الله تعالى وأن فزع من الماء فإنه يبرئ والكتم هو شبيه للحناء ويجفف ورقه ويدق نعما ويخلط بالحناء وخضب به الشعر.

c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802ᴵᴬ, Cap. 29, Art. 15, pages 383–384:

About the mock privet says Abū al-Ḵayr that there are three kinds of it: The first has wide leaves similar to the leaves of the myrtle which grows in the maquis and it becomes very high and swollen and its leaves are humped like a saw, the second has leaves of lesser width but its tree is also poddy and its seeds are of the size of the seeds of peppers and myrtles and from them one can press oil for lighting, and another kind has long delicate leaves like sandpaper and it is said if someone is affected by scabies then he will regain health, that if he whom a dog has bitten drinks eight dirhem from the extract of its leaves he will becomes free from the ailment the same day and cleansed of it if God is gracious; so that he will fear water but he will be free of the pest. Mock privet is similar to henna and one dries its leaves and crushes them well and mixes with henna and dyes the hair with it.

وَنَحْسُدُ أنْ نَزُورَكُمُ وَنَرْضَى / بِدُونِ الْبَذْلِ لَوْ عَلِمَ الْحَسُودُ

(Can we date this quote?), Jarir, (Please provide the book title or journal name):


حيال

حِيَالَ • (ḥiyāla)

حِيَالَ (canonical)
ḥiyāla (romanization)
حِيَالَ (stem)
حِيَالِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
حِيَالَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
حِيَالَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
حِيَالَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
حِيَالَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
حِيَالَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
حِيَالَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
حِيَالَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
حِيَالَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
حِيَالَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
حِيَالَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
حِيَالَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

.وشددت الحكومة المؤقتة في قرارها (…) على الإدارات المختصة اتخاذ مايلزم حياله من إجراء.

2017 October 19, “الحكومة الليبية المؤقتة يومي الأحد والإثنين “عطلة””, in LibyaAkhbar.com, archived from the original on 2017-10-19:

The provisional government, in its decision, emphasized in address to the competent authorities to take the measure which is necessary in regard of it.

.أعلن وزير الخارجية السعودي عادل الجبير، الثلاثاء، أن بلاده تؤيد موقف الرئيس الأميركي دونالد ترمب حيال إيران

2017 October 24, “الجبير: السعودية تؤيد موقف ترمب من إيران”, in TheBaghdadPost.com, archived from the original on 2017-10-26:

The Saudi Minister of the Exterior ʿādil al-Gubayr announced on Tuesday that his country supports the position of the American President Donald Trump in regard of Iran.

(formal) in view of, in respect to, in regard of


قدام

قُدَّامَ • (quddāma)

قُدَّامَ (canonical)
quddāma (romanization)
قُدَّامَ (stem)
قُدَّامِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
قُدَّامَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
قُدَّامَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
قُدَّامَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
قُدَّامَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
قُدَّامَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
قُدَّامَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
قُدَّامَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
قُدَّامَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
قُدَّامَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
قُدَّامَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
قُدَّامَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Gulf Arabic: جدام (jiddām)

Root
 ق د م (q d m)
 0 terms
From Aramaic 𐡒𐡃𐡌 (qd̠ām, qŭd̠ām) / קֳדָם (qŏḏām) / ܩܘܕܡ / ܩܕܵܡ (qəḏām). Compare سَوْفَ (sawfa, marks what is temporally in front), and native أَمَامَ (ʔamāma, “in front of”).

النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ تُرْكَزُ الْحَرْبَةُ قُدَّامَهُ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ وَٱلنَّحْرِ ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي.

7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Buḵāriyy, 13:21:

The Prophet (PBUH), on the Feast of Fastbreaking as well as the one of Sacrifice, had a spear fastened in front of him, afterwards prayed.

an-nabiyyu ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhi wasallama kāna turkazu l-ḥarbatu quddāmahū yawma l-fiṭri wan-naḥri ṯumma yuṣallī.

وَقَالَ ثُمَامَةُ: لَمْ أَرَ الدِّيكَ فِي بَلْدَةٍ قَطُّ إِلَّا وَهُوَ لَافِظٌ، يَأْخُذُ الْحَبَّةَ بِمِنْقَارِهِ ثُمَّ يَلْفِظُهَا قُدَّامَ الدَّجَاجَةِ، إِلَّا دِيَكَةَ مَرْوٍ، فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُ دِيَكَةَ مَرْوٍ تَسْلُبُ الدَّجَاجَ مَا فِي مَنَاقِيرِهَا مِنَ الْحَبِّ.

a. 869, Al-Jāḥiẓ, quoting Thumāma ibn Ashras, “طرف أهل خراسان”, in Muḥammad Fatḥī ʾAbū Bakr, editor, Al-Buḵalāʾ, 5th edition, Egyptian-Lebanese Publishing House, published 2021, →ISBN, page 65:

waqāla ṯumāmatu: lam ʔara d-dīka fī baldatin qaṭṭu ʔillā wahuwa lāfiẓun, yaʔḵuḏu l-ḥabbata biminqārihi ṯumma yalfiẓuhā quddāma ad-dajājati, ʔillā diyakata marwin, faʔinnī raʔaytu diyakata marwin taslubu d-dajāja mā fī manāqīrihā mina l-ḥabbi.

إِذَا مَنَعَتْ مِنْكَ السِّيَاسَةُ نَفْسَهَا / فَقِفْ وَقْفَةً قُدَّامَهُ تَتَعَلَّمِ

10th century, Al-Mutanabbi, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

ʔiḏā manaʕat minka s-siyāsatu nafsahā / faqif waqfatan quddāmahū tataʕallami


بواسطة

بِوَاسِطَة • (bi-wāsiṭa)

بِوَاسِطَة (canonical)
bi-wāsiṭa (romanization)
بِوَاسِطَة (stem)
بِوَاسِطَتِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
بِوَاسِطَتِنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
بِوَاسِطَتِكَ (masculine second-person singular)
بِوَاسِطَتِكِ (feminine second-person singular)
بِوَاسِطَتِكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
بِوَاسِطَتِكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
بِوَاسِطَتِكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
بِوَاسِطَتِهِ (masculine singular third-person)
بِوَاسِطَتِهَا (feminine singular third-person)
بِوَاسِطَتِهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
بِوَاسِطَتِهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
بِوَاسِطَتِهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

by means of, using, with, through (indicates an instrument or tool)

(post-Classical) by (indicates the agent in the passive voice)


بمناسبة

بِمُنَاسَبَةِ

بِمُنَاسَبَةِ • (bi-munāsabati)

بِمُنَاسَبَةِ (canonical)
bi-munāsabati (romanization)
بِمُنَاسَبَةِ (stem)
بِمُنَاسَبَتِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
بِمُنَاسَبَتِنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
بِمُنَاسَبَتِكَ (masculine second-person singular)
بِمُنَاسَبَتِكِ (feminine second-person singular)
بِمُنَاسَبَتِكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
بِمُنَاسَبَتِكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
بِمُنَاسَبَتِكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
بِمُنَاسَبَتِهِ (masculine singular third-person)
بِمُنَاسَبَتِهَا (feminine singular third-person)
بِمُنَاسَبَتِهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
بِمُنَاسَبَتِهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
بِمُنَاسَبَتِهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


إثر

إِثْرَ • (ʔiṯra)

إِثْرَ (canonical)
ʔiṯra (romanization)
إِثْرَ (stem)
إِثْرِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
إِثْرَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
إِثْرَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
إِثْرَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
إِثْرَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
إِثْرَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
إِثْرَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
إِثْرَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
إِثْرَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
إِثْرَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
إِثْرَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
إِثْرَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Adverbial accusative of a form of أَثَر (ʔaṯar, “track, trace”); approximate meaning "on (its) track".


في أثر

فِي أَثْرِ • (fī ʔaṯri)

فِي أَثْرِ (canonical)
fī ʔaṯri (romanization)
فِي أَثْرِ (stem)
فِي أَثْرِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
فِي أَثْرِنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
فِي أَثْرِكَ (masculine second-person singular)
فِي أَثْرِكِ (feminine second-person singular)
فِي أَثْرِكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
فِي أَثْرِكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
فِي أَثْرِكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
فِي أَثْرِهِ (masculine singular third-person)
فِي أَثْرِهَا (feminine singular third-person)
فِي أَثْرِهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
فِي أَثْرِهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
فِي أَثْرِهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Based on a form of أَثَر (ʔaṯar, “track, trace”); approximate meaning "on (its) track".


على إثر

عَلَى إِثْرِ

عَلَى إِثْرِ • (ʕalā ʔiṯri)

عَلَى إِثْرِ (canonical)
ʕalā ʔiṯri (romanization)
عَلَى إِثْرِ (stem)
عَلَى إِثْرِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
عَلَى إِثْرِنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
عَلَى إِثْرِكَ (masculine second-person singular)
عَلَى إِثْرِكِ (feminine second-person singular)
عَلَى إِثْرِكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
عَلَى إِثْرِكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
عَلَى إِثْرِكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
عَلَى إِثْرِهِ (masculine singular third-person)
عَلَى إِثْرِهَا (feminine singular third-person)
عَلَى إِثْرِهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
عَلَى إِثْرِهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
عَلَى إِثْرِهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


في إثر

فِي إِثْرِ • (fī ʔiṯri)

فِي إِثْرِ (canonical)
fī ʔiṯri (romanization)
فِي إِثْرِ (stem)
فِي إِثْرِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
فِي إِثْرِنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
فِي إِثْرِكَ (masculine second-person singular)
فِي إِثْرِكِ (feminine second-person singular)
فِي إِثْرِكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
فِي إِثْرِكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
فِي إِثْرِكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
فِي إِثْرِهِ (masculine singular third-person)
فِي إِثْرِهَا (feminine singular third-person)
فِي إِثْرِهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
فِي إِثْرِهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
فِي إِثْرِهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


على أثر

عَلَى أَثْرِ

عَلَى أَثْرِ • (ʕalā ʔaṯri)

عَلَى أَثْرِ (canonical)
ʕalā ʔaṯri (romanization)
عَلَى أَثْرِ (stem)
عَلَى أَثْرِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
عَلَى أَثْرِنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
عَلَى أَثْرِكَ (masculine second-person singular)
عَلَى أَثْرِكِ (feminine second-person singular)
عَلَى أَثْرِكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
عَلَى أَثْرِكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
عَلَى أَثْرِكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
عَلَى أَثْرِهِ (masculine singular third-person)
عَلَى أَثْرِهَا (feminine singular third-person)
عَلَى أَثْرِهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
عَلَى أَثْرِهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
عَلَى أَثْرِهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


وفق

وَفْقَ • (wafqa)

وَفْقَ (canonical)
wafqa (romanization)
وَفْقَ (stem)
وَفْقِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
وَفْقَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
وَفْقَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
وَفْقَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
وَفْقَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
وَفْقَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
وَفْقَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
وَفْقَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
وَفْقَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
وَفْقَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
وَفْقَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
وَفْقَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)
وِفْقَ (stem)
وِفْقِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
وِفْقَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
وِفْقَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
وِفْقَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
وِفْقَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
وِفْقَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
وِفْقَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
وِفْقَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
وِفْقَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
وِفْقَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
وِفْقَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
وِفْقَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

وجاء إطلاق سراحهم وفق البيان، نتيجة «عملية مشتركة بين شعبة المعلومات في قوى الأمن الداخلي والأمن العام (اللبناني) والمخابرات العراقية». وأسفرت العملية التي نفذتها المخابرات العراقية وفق البيان عن «اعتقال بعض الخاطفين وقتل أحدهم خلالها، وتتم ملاحقة بقية أفراد العصابة».

2017 October 29, “السلطات اللبنانية: تحرير ثلاثة مواطنين خطفوا في بغداد”, in Libya Akhbar, archived from the original on 2017-10-29:

And their release came, according to the statement, as a result of “joint operation between the Information Division of the Internal Security Forces and the General Security of Lebanon and the Iraqi intelligence.” And the operation which the Iraqi intelligence carried out, led, according to the statement, to “the arrest of a deal of the kidnappers and to the killing of one of them during the course of it, and the pursuit of the rest of the individuals of the gang is proceeding.”


خلاف

خِلَافَ • (ḵilāfa)

خِلَافَ (canonical)
ḵilāfa (romanization)
خِلَافَ (stem)
خِلَافِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
خِلَافَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
خِلَافَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
خِلَافَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
خِلَافَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
خِلَافَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
خِلَافَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
خِلَافَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
خِلَافَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
خِلَافَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
خِلَافَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
خِلَافَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


غب

غِبَّ • (ḡibba)

غِبَّ (canonical)
ḡibba (romanization)
غِبَّ (stem)
غِبِّي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
غِبَّنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
غِبَّكَ (masculine second-person singular)
غِبَّكِ (feminine second-person singular)
غِبَّكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
غِبَّكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
غِبَّكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
غِبَّهُ (masculine singular third-person)
غِبَّهَا (feminine singular third-person)
غِبَّهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
غِبَّهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
غِبَّهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


نصب

نُصْبَ or نُصُبَ • (nuṣba or nuṣuba)

نُصْبَ (canonical)
نُصُبَ (canonical)
nuṣba (romanization)
nuṣuba (romanization)


لدن

لَدُنْ • (ladun)

لَدُنْ (canonical)
ladun (romanization)
لَدُنْ (stem)
لَدُنِّي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
لَدُنِّيَ (feminine first-person masculine singular)
لَدُنَّا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
لَدُنْكَ (masculine second-person singular)
لَدُنْكِ (feminine second-person singular)
لَدُنْكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
لَدُنْكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
لَدُنْكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
لَدُنْهُ (masculine singular third-person)
لَدُنْهَا (feminine singular third-person)
لَدُنْهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
لَدُنْهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
لَدُنْهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Uncertain, often considered a variation of لَدَى (ladā) perhaps the /ن/ reflecting a vestigial duality; at one's two hands. Alternatively, by analogy with one's feet, developed from a contraction of لَ (la, “to, for”) + دُون (dūn, “beneath; by one's feet”); hence coming to or being at a space or duration close or near, right at their feet, immediately before them, in the presence of, happening or being near, following in a location or time.

إِذْ أَوَى الْفِتْيَةُ إِلَى الْكَهْفِ فَقَالُوا رَبَّنَا آتِنَا مِنْ لَدُنْكَ رَحْمَةً وَهَيِّئْ لَنَا مِنْ أَمْرِنَا رَشَدًا

Mufti Taqi: When the young men took refuge in the Cave and said, “Our Lord, bless us with mercy from Your own and provide us with guidance in our matters.”

ʔiḏ ʔawā l-fityatu ʔilā l-kahfi faqālū rabbanā ʔātinā min ladunka raḥmatan wahayyiʔ lanā min ʔamrinā rašadan

at, by, near, since, from the moment that


عدا

عَدَا • (ʕadā)

عَدَا (canonical)
ʕadā (romanization)
عَدَا (stem)
عَدَانِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
عَدَايَ (feminine first-person masculine singular)
عَدَانَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
عَدَاكَ (masculine second-person singular)
عَدَاكِ (feminine second-person singular)
عَدَاكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
عَدَاكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
عَدَاكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
عَدَاهُ (masculine singular third-person)
عَدَاهَا (feminine singular third-person)
عَدَاهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
عَدَاهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
عَدَاهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


سي

سِيّ (canonical)
siyy (romanization)
سِيُّ (stem)
سِيِّي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
سِيُّنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
سِيُّكَ (masculine second-person singular)
سِيُّكِ (feminine second-person singular)
سِيُّكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
سِيُّكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
سِيُّكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
سِيُّهُ (masculine singular third-person)
سِيُّهَا (feminine singular third-person)
سِيُّهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
سِيُّهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
سِيُّهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

هُوَ سِيُّك.


إبان

إِبَّانَ • (ʔibbāna)

إِبَّانَ (canonical)
ʔibbāna (romanization)
إِبَّانَ (stem)
إِبَّانِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
إِبَّانَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
إِبَّانَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
إِبَّانَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
إِبَّانَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
إِبَّانَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
إِبَّانَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
إِبَّانَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
إِبَّانَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
إِبَّانَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
إِبَّانَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
إِبَّانَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Adverbial accusative of إِبَّان (ʔibbān, “time”).

adverbial accusative

أُوْفِدَ مِنْ قِبَلِ شَبَكَةِ (رُوسْيَا ٱلْيَوْمَ) ٱلْإِخْبَارِيَّةِ إِلَى ٱلْعَاصِمَةِ ٱللِّيبِيَّةِ طَرَابْلُسَ إِبَّانَ ٱلْأَحْدَاثِ ٱلَّتِي شَهِدَتْهَا لِيبْيَا سَنَةَ 2011.

2017 October 14, “الكشف عن دور المخابرات الفرنسية في عملية اغتيال القذافي”, in afrigatenews.net, archived from the original on 2021-12-13:

He was sent by the news network “Russia Today” to the Libyan capital Tripoli during the events that occurred in Libya in 2011.

ʔuwfida min qibali šabakati (rūsyā l-yawma) l-ʔiḵbāriyyati ʔilā l-ʕāṣimati l-lībiyyati ṭarāblusa ʔibbāna l-ʔaḥdāṯi llatī šahidathā lībyā sanata 2011.

وَلَٰكِنَّ تَصْرِيحَاتِ ٱلْوَزِيرِ لَبِيدْ اَلْمُنْحَدِرِ مِنْ أُسْرَةٍ هَنْغَارِيَّةٍ نَاجِيَةٍ مِنَ ٱلْمَحْرَقَةِ تَعْكِسُ أَيْضًا تَحَوُّلًا بِٱلدِّبْلُومَاسِيَّةِ ٱلْإِسْرَائِيلِيَّةِ ٱلَّتِي سَادَتْ إِبَّانَ حُكْمِ رَئِيسِ ٱلْوُزَرَاءِ ٱلسَّابِقِ بِنْيَامِينْ نِتِنْيَاهُو، وَٱلَّتِي تَمَيَّزَتْ بِٱنْحِيَازٍ إِلَى دُوَلِ أُورُوبَا ٱلشَّرْقِيَّةِ، وَتَعَمَّدَتْ ٱلصِّدَامَ مَعَ ٱلاِتِّحَادِ ٱلْأُورُوبِّيِّ.

2021 June 26, “ممتلكات اليهود إبان المحرقة تشعل أزمة دبلوماسية بين إسرائيل وبولندا”, in Al Jazeera, archived from the original on 2021-07-09:

walākinna taṣrīḥāti l-wazīri labīd al-munḥadiri min ʔusratin hanḡāriyyatin nājiyatin mina l-maḥraqati taʕkisu ʔayḍan taḥawwulan bi-d-diblūmāsiyyati l-ʔisrāʔīliyyati llatī sādat ʔibbāna ḥukmi raʔīsi l-wuzarāʔi s-sābiqi binyāmīn nitinyāhū, wallatī tamayyazat binḥiyāzin ʔilā duwali ʔūrūbā š-šarqiyyati, wataʕammadat ṣ-ṣidāma maʕa l-ittiḥādi l-ʔūrūbbiyyi.


أثناء

ar-prep

أَثْنَاءَ • (ʔaṯnāʔa)

أَثْنَاءَ (canonical)
ʔaṯnāʔa (romanization)
أَثْنَاءَ (stem)
أَثْنَائِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
أَثْنَاءَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
أَثْنَاءَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
أَثْنَاءَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
أَثْنَاءَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
أَثْنَاءَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
أَثْنَاءَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
أَثْنَاءَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
أَثْنَاءَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
أَثْنَاءَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
أَثْنَاءَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
أَثْنَاءَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

→ Azerbaijani: əsna

→ Ottoman Turkish: اثنا (esna)

→ Turkish: esna

→ Persian: اثنا (asnâ)

→ Urdu: اثنا (asnā)

→ Uzbek: asno

.السائق الفلسطيني اصطدم اثناء هروبه بالشاحنة بسيارة خاصة وأخرى للشرطة دون يتسبب ذلك بإصابات

2017 October 20, “الاحتلال يزعم إحباط عمليتي دهس وطعن”, in AlQuds.com, archived from the original on 2017-10-20:

The Palestinian driver, in the course of his flight in his truck, collided with a private car and another car belonging to the police without this being cause for injuries.


تجاه

تُجَاهَ or تِجَاهَ • (tujāha or tijāha)

تُجَاهَ (canonical)
تِجَاهَ (canonical)
tujāha (romanization)
tijāha (romanization)
تُجَاهَ (stem)
تُجَاهِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
تُجَاهَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
تُجَاهَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
تُجَاهَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
تُجَاهَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
تُجَاهَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
تُجَاهَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
تُجَاهَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
تُجَاهَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
تُجَاهَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
تُجَاهَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
تُجَاهَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)
تِجَاهَ (stem)
تِجَاهِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
تِجَاهَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
تِجَاهَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
تِجَاهَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
تِجَاهَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
تِجَاهَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
تِجَاهَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
تِجَاهَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
تِجَاهَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
تِجَاهَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
تِجَاهَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
تِجَاهَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

وتأتي تلك الخطوات في سياق النهج الذي يتبعه الرئيس الأميركي، دونالد ترمب، منذ توليه الرئاسة تجاه إيران.

2017 October 21, “عقوبات أميركية جديدة خلال أيام على إيران وحزب الله”, in alarabiya:

And these steps come in the context of the approach towards Iran which the American president Donald Trump follows since his taking over the President’s office.

واستنكر اعتداء مستوطنين إسرائيليين بتسهيل من جيش الاحتلال الإسرائيلي، على منطقة مشهد الطير في مزارع شبعا. وطالب بتقديم شكوى رسمية إلى الأمم المتحدة.
وأكد بري أن مثل هذه الاعتداءات والاستهداف تعتبر انتهاكا فاضحا للبنان وسيادته، وتستدعي تحركا سريعا تجاه الهيئات الدولية لوضع حد لها.

2017 November 1, “بري: إسرائيل تخطط لبناء جدار على الحدود اللبنانية”, in Al-Quds, archived from the original on 2017-11-01:

He (Nabīh Berrī) condemned the Israeli settlers’ attack on the zone of the Site of the Birds in the Šibʿā Farms facilitated by the Israeli occupation army. And he demanded a formal complaint to the United Nations.
Berri stressed that such attacks and targetings constitute a gross violation for Lebanon and its sovereignty and call for rapid action towards the international organs to put an end to them.


فور

فَوْرَ • (fawra)

فَوْرَ (canonical)
fawra (romanization)
فَوْرَ (stem)
فَوْرِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
فَوْرَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
فَوْرَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
فَوْرَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
فَوْرَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
فَوْرَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
فَوْرَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
فَوْرَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
فَوْرَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
فَوْرَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
فَوْرَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
فَوْرَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

وخطف اللبنانيون الثلاثة وأحدهم رجل أعمال فور وصولهم الأحد الماضي إلى العاصمة العراقية.

And the three Lebanese – one of them a man of business – have been kidnapped immediately after their arrival last Sunday at the Iraqi capital.

كَانَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَعُودَ إِلَى ٱلْبَصْرَةِ فَوْرَ أَنْ يَسْتَرِدَّ صِحَّتَهُ، وَيَعُودَ إِلَيْهَا عَبْرَ ٱلصَّحْرَاءِ أَيْضًا إِذَا لَزِمَ ٱلْأَمْرُ

1962, Ghassan Kanafani, رجال في الشمس [Men in the Sun]:

He wanted to go back to Basra as soon as he recovered, even if it meant going back through the desert.

kāna yurīdu ʔan yaʕūda ʔilā l-baṣrati fawra ʔan yastaridda ṣiḥḥatahu, wayaʕūda ʔilayhā ʕabra ṣ-ṣaḥrāʔi ʔayḍan ʔiḏā lazima l-ʔamru


مقابل

مُقابِل • (muqābil)

مُقابِل (canonical)
muqābil (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: müqabil

→ Ottoman Turkish: مقابل (mukabil)

Turkish: mukabil

→ Persian: مقابل (moqâbel)

→ Uyghur: مۇقابىل (muqabil)

→ Uzbek: muqobil

Derived from the active participle of قَابَلَ (qābala).

in return for, in exchange for, as a compensation for


إزاء

إِزَاءَ • (ʔizāʔa)

إِزَاءَ (canonical)
ʔizāʔa (romanization)
إِزَاءَ (stem)
إِزَائِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
إِزَاءَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
إِزَاءَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
إِزَاءَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
إِزَاءَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
إِزَاءَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
إِزَاءَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
إِزَاءَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
إِزَاءَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
إِزَاءَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
إِزَاءَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
إِزَاءَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

→ Persian: ازا (ezâ)

وأوضح أنه “ليس خافياً أنه كلف المدير العام للأمن العام اللواء عباس إبراهيم إدارة هذا الشق من الحوار الرسمي بين البلدين، بإزاء ما يرتبط بهذين الملفين”.

2018 July 18, “ar: الرئيس عون يؤكد ضرورة التواصل الرسمي بين لبنان و سوريا”, in Muraselon:

He elucidated that “it isn’t a secret that he instructed the Director-General of Public Security, Major General Abbas Ibrahim to manage this part of the official dialogue between the two countries, with respect to what is connected with these two files.”

with respect to, in relation to, about, on


بين يدي

بَيْنَ يَدَيْ

بَيْنَ يَدَيْ • (bayna yaday)

بَيْنَ يَدَيْ (canonical)
bayna yaday (romanization)

يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ

إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا نَذِيرٌ لَكُمْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ عَذَابٍ شَدِيدٍ

ʔin huwa ʔillā naḏīrun lakum bayna yaday ʕaḏābin šadīdin


على وشك

عَلَى وَشْكِ

عَلَى وَشْكِ • (ʕalā waški)

عَلَى وَشْكِ (canonical)
ʕalā waški (romanization)

عَلَى وَشْكِ أَنْ يَسْقُطَ

كَانَ عَلَى وَشْكِ الوُصُولِ إِلَى البَيْتِ


عليه

head

عَلَيْهِ • (ʕalayhi)

عَلَيْهِ (canonical)
ʕalayhi (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: əleyh

→ Persian: علیه ('aleyh)

→ Uzbek: alayh

عَلَى على#Arabic

third-person singular masculine of عَلَى (ʕalā)


حاشا

ar-prep

حَاشَا • (ḥāšā)

حَاشَا (canonical)
ḥāšā (romanization)
حَاشَا (stem)
حَاشَانِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
حَاشَايَ (feminine first-person masculine singular)
حَاشَانَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
حَاشَاكَ (masculine second-person singular)
حَاشَاكِ (feminine second-person singular)
حَاشَاكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
حَاشَاكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
حَاشَاكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
حَاشَاهُ (masculine singular third-person)
حَاشَاهَا (feminine singular third-person)
حَاشَاهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
حَاشَاهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
حَاشَاهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Compare, for the particle, Classical Syriac ܚܵܣ (ḥās, “God forbid”).
 Root
 ح ش و (ḥ š w)
 0 terms


عوض

ar-prep

عِوَضَ • (ʕiwaḍa)

عِوَضَ (canonical)
ʕiwaḍa (romanization)
عِوَضَ (stem)
عِوَضِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
عِوَضَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
عِوَضَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
عِوَضَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
عِوَضَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
عِوَضَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
عِوَضَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
عِوَضَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
عِوَضَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
عِوَضَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
عِوَضَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
عِوَضَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

in lieu of, instead of, in exchange of, in exchange for, in compensation for


مذ

مُذْ • (muḏ)

Di'bil Al-Khuza'i
أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنِّي مُذْ ثَلَاثُونَ حِجَّةً / أَرُوحُ وَأَغْدُو دَائِمَ ٱلْحَسَرَاتِ
ʔalam tara ʔannī muḏ ṯalāṯūna ḥijjatan / ʔarūḥu waʔaḡdū dāʔima l-ḥasarāti
Can you not see
That I, for thirty years,
Would rise and sleep

مُنْذُ منذ#Arabic


من أجل

مِنْ أَجْلِ • (min ʔajli)

مِنْ أَجْلِ (canonical)
min ʔajli (romanization)
مِنْ أَجْلِ (stem)
مِنْ أَجْلِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
مِنْ أَجْلِنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
مِنْ أَجْلِكَ (masculine second-person singular)
مِنْ أَجْلِكِ (feminine second-person singular)
مِنْ أَجْلِكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
مِنْ أَجْلِكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
مِنْ أَجْلِكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
مِنْ أَجْلِهِ (masculine singular third-person)
مِنْ أَجْلِهَا (feminine singular third-person)
مِنْ أَجْلِهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
مِنْ أَجْلِهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
مِنْ أَجْلِهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَٰلِكَ كَتَبْنَا عَلَىٰ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنَّهُ مَن قَتَلَ نَفْسًا بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ أَوْ فَسَادٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَتَلَ النَّاسَ جَمِيعًا وَمَنْ أَحْيَاهَا فَكَأَنَّمَا أَحْيَا النَّاسَ جَمِيعًا

min ʔajli ḏālika katabnā ʕalā banī ʔisrāʔīla ʔannahu man qatala nafsan biḡayri nafsin ʔaw fasādin fī l-ʔarḍi fakaʔannamā qatala n-nāsa jamīʕan waman ʔaḥyāhā fakaʔannamā ʔaḥyā n-nāsa jamīʕan

for the sake of, on account of, because of


من بعد

مِنْ بَعْدِ • (min baʕdi)

مِنْ بَعْدِ (canonical)
min baʕdi (romanization)
مِنْ بَعْدِ (stem)
مِنْ بَعْدِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
مِنْ بَعْدِنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
مِنْ بَعْدِكَ (masculine second-person singular)
مِنْ بَعْدِكِ (feminine second-person singular)
مِنْ بَعْدِكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
مِنْ بَعْدِكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
مِنْ بَعْدِكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
مِنْ بَعْدِهِ (masculine singular third-person)
مِنْ بَعْدِهَا (feminine singular third-person)
مِنْ بَعْدِهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
مِنْ بَعْدِهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


شطر

شَطْرَ • (šaṭra)

فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ

So turn thy face toward the Inviolable Place of Worship

fa-walli wajhaka šaṭra al-masjidi l-ḥarāmi


لأجل

ar-preposition

لِأَجْلِ • (li-ʔajli)

لِأَجْلِ (canonical)
li-ʔajli (romanization)

لِأَجْلِـكِ يَا مَدِينَة الصَّلَاة أُصَلِّي
لِأَجْلِـكِ يَا بَهِيَّة الْمَسَاكِن يَا زَهْرَة الْمَدَائِن
يَا قُدْسُ يَا قُدْسُ يَا قُدْسُ يَا مَدِينَة الصَّلَاة أُصَلِّي

1967, “زَهْرَة الْمَدَائِن [Flower of Cities]”, Said Akl (lyrics), Rahbani brothers (music)performed by Fairuz:

For your sake, city of prayer, I pray;
For your sake, beautiful city, flower of cities;
O Jerusalem, o Jerusalem, o Jerusalem, o city of prayer, I pray.

liʔajliki yā madīna(t) aṣ-ṣalā(t) ʔuṣallī
liʔajliki yā bahiyya(t) al-masākin yā zahra(t) al-madāʔin
yā qudsu yā qudsu yā qudsu yā madīna(t) aṣ-ṣalā(t) ʔuṣallī

مِنْ أَجْلِ
من أجل#Arabic

Alternative form of مِنْ أَجْلِ (min ʔajli)


رهن

ar-prep

رَهْنَ • (rahna)

رَهْنَ (canonical)
rahna (romanization)
رَهْنَ (stem)
رَهْنِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
رَهْنَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
رَهْنَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
رَهْنَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
رَهْنَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
رَهْنَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
رَهْنَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
رَهْنَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
رَهْنَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
رَهْنَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
رَهْنَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
رَهْنَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

subject to, depending or conditional on, pending, liable to


تلقاء

تِلْقَاءَ • (tilqāʔa)

تِلْقَاءَ (canonical)
tilqāʔa (romanization)
تِلْقَاءَ (stem)
تِلْقَائِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
تِلْقَاءَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
تِلْقَاءَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
تِلْقَاءَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
تِلْقَاءَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
تِلْقَاءَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
تِلْقَاءَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
تِلْقَاءَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
تِلْقَاءَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
تِلْقَاءَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
تِلْقَاءَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
تِلْقَاءَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


قبالة

قُبَالَةَ • (qubālata)

قُبَالَةَ (canonical)
qubālata (romanization)
قُبَالَةَ (stem)
قُبَالَتِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
قُبَالَتَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
قُبَالَتَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
قُبَالَتَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
قُبَالَتَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
قُبَالَتَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
قُبَالَتَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
قُبَالَتَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
قُبَالَتَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
قُبَالَتَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
قُبَالَتَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
قُبَالَتَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


قرابة

قُرَابَة • (qurāba)

قُرَابَة (canonical)
qurāba (romanization)
قُرَابَةُ (stem)
قُرَابَتِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
قُرَابَتُنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
قُرَابَتُكَ (masculine second-person singular)
قُرَابَتُكِ (feminine second-person singular)
قُرَابَتُكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
قُرَابَتُكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
قُرَابَتُكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
قُرَابَتُهُ (masculine singular third-person)
قُرَابَتُهَا (feminine singular third-person)
قُرَابَتُهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
قُرَابَتُهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
قُرَابَتُهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)
قُرَابَةَ (stem)
قُرَابَتِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
قُرَابَتَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
قُرَابَتَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
قُرَابَتَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
قُرَابَتَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
قُرَابَتَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
قُرَابَتَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
قُرَابَتَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
قُرَابَتَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
قُرَابَتَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
قُرَابَتَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
قُرَابَتَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)
قُرَابَةِ (stem)
قُرَابَتِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
قُرَابَتِنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
قُرَابَتِكَ (masculine second-person singular)
قُرَابَتِكِ (feminine second-person singular)
قُرَابَتِكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
قُرَابَتِكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
قُرَابَتِكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
قُرَابَتِهِ (masculine singular third-person)
قُرَابَتِهَا (feminine singular third-person)
قُرَابَتِهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
قُرَابَتِهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
قُرَابَتِهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Root
 ق ر ب (q r b)
 0 terms
Compare قَرُبَ (qaruba, “to be near”).

عَاشَ قُرَابَةَ مِائَةِ سَنَةٍ

He lived approximately/nearly a hundred years.

قَبْلَ قُرَابَةِ ثَلَاثَةِ أَسَابِيعَ

about, almost, approximately, just, nearly, roughly


طيلة

طِيلَةَ • (ṭīlata)

طِيلَةَ (canonical)
ṭīlata (romanization)


حذو

حَذْوَ • (ḥaḏwa)

حَذْوَ (canonical)
ḥaḏwa (romanization)
حَذْوَ (stem)
حَذْوِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
حَذْوَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
حَذْوَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
حَذْوَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
حَذْوَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
حَذْوَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
حَذْوَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
حَذْوَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
حَذْوَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
حَذْوَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
حَذْوَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
حَذْوَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


عمن

ar-preposition

عَمَّنْ • (ʕamman)

عَمَّنْ (canonical)
ʕamman (romanization)


من جراء

ar-prep

مِنْ جَرَّاءِ

مِنْ جَرَّاءِ • (min jarrāʔi)

مِنْ جَرَّاءِ (canonical)
min jarrāʔi (romanization)
مِنْ جَرَّاءِ (stem)
مِنْ جَرَّائِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
مِنْ جَرَّائِنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
مِنْ جَرَّائِكَ (masculine second-person singular)
مِنْ جَرَّائِكِ (feminine second-person singular)
مِنْ جَرَّائِكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
مِنْ جَرَّائِكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
مِنْ جَرَّائِكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
مِنْ جَرَّائِهِ (masculine singular third-person)
مِنْ جَرَّائِهَا (feminine singular third-person)
مِنْ جَرَّائِهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
مِنْ جَرَّائِهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
مِنْ جَرَّائِهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

مِنْ (min) + جَرَّاءِ (jarrāʔi).

af

مِنْ (min) + جَرَّاءِ (jarrāʔi)


بيد

ar-prep

بَيْدَ • (bayda)

بَيْدَ (canonical)
bayda (romanization)
بَيْدَ أَنَّ (stem)
بَيْدَ أَنِّي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
بَيْدَ أَنَّنِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
بَيْدَ أَنَّنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
بَيْدَ أَنَّا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
بَيْدَ أَنَّكَ (masculine second-person singular)
بَيْدَ أَنَّكِ (feminine second-person singular)
بَيْدَ أَنَّكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
بَيْدَ أَنَّكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
بَيْدَ أَنَّكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
بَيْدَ أَنَّهُ (masculine singular third-person)
بَيْدَ أَنَّهَا (feminine singular third-person)
بَيْدَ أَنَّهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
بَيْدَ أَنَّهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
بَيْدَ أَنَّهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

Najdi Arabic: ميد

أَنَا أَفْصَحُ العَرَبِ بَيْدَ أَنِّي مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَنَشَأْتُ فِي بَنِي سَعْدٍ

7th century C.E., Kašf al-Ḵafaʾ wa-Muzīl al-Ilbās, Hadith:

My speech is the most clear among Arabs, for I'm from Quraysh and I grew up in Bani Sa'd.

ʔanā ʔafṣaḥu l-ʕarabi bayda ʔannī min qurayšin wanašaʔtu fī banī saʕdin

هُوَ كَثِيرُ المَالِ بَيْدَ أَنَّهُ بَخِيلٌ

huwa kaṯīru l-māli bayda ʔannahu baḵīlun

نَحْنُ الآخِرُونَ السَّابِقُونَ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ بَيْدَ أَنَّهُمْ أُوتُوا الكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا وَأُوتِينَاهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ

We are the latter, but the day of resurrection we will be first, even though they received the Scripture before us, and we received it after them.

naḥnu l-ʔāḵirūna s-sābiqūna yawma l-qiyāmati bayda ʔannahum ʔūtū l-kitāba min qablinā waʔūtīnāhu min baʕdihim


من دون

مِنْ دُونِ • (min dūni)

مِنْ دُونِ (canonical)
min dūni (romanization)
مِنْ دُونِ (stem)
مِنْ دُونِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
مِنْ دُونِنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
مِنْ دُونِكَ (masculine second-person singular)
مِنْ دُونِكِ (feminine second-person singular)
مِنْ دُونِكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
مِنْ دُونِكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
مِنْ دُونِكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
مِنْ دُونِهِ (masculine singular third-person)
مِنْ دُونِهَا (feminine singular third-person)
مِنْ دُونِهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
مِنْ دُونِهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
مِنْ دُونِهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


قيدام

قَيْدَامَ • (qaydāma)

قَيْدَامَ (canonical)
qaydāma (romanization)
قَيْدَامَ (stem)
قَيْدَامِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
قَيْدَامَنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
قَيْدَامَكَ (masculine second-person singular)
قَيْدَامَكِ (feminine second-person singular)
قَيْدَامَكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
قَيْدَامَكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
قَيْدَامَكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
قَيْدَامَهُ (masculine singular third-person)
قَيْدَامَهَا (feminine singular third-person)
قَيْدَامَهُمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
قَيْدَامَهُمْ (masculine plural third-person)
قَيْدَامَهُنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


بموجب

ar-preposition

بِمُوجِبِ • (bimūjibi)

بِمُوجِبِ (canonical)
bimūjibi (romanization)
بِمُوجِبِ (stem)
بِمُوجِبِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
بِمُوجِبِنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
بِمُوجِبِكَ (masculine second-person singular)
بِمُوجِبِكِ (feminine second-person singular)
بِمُوجِبِكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
بِمُوجِبِكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
بِمُوجِبِكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
بِمُوجِبِهِ (masculine singular third-person)
بِمُوجِبِهَا (feminine singular third-person)
بِمُوجِبِهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
بِمُوجِبِهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
بِمُوجِبِهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

→ Swahili: mujibu


بفضل

ar-prep

بِفَضْلِ • (bifaḍli)

بِفَضْلِ (canonical)
bifaḍli (romanization)

From بِـ (bi-, “with, by”) + فَضْل (faḍl, “favor, grace”).


من قبل

مِنْ قَبْلِ • (min qabli)

مِنْ قَبْلِ (canonical)
min qabli (romanization)
مِنْ قَبْلِ (stem)
مِنْ قَبْلِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
مِنْ قَبْلِنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
مِنْ قَبْلِكَ (masculine second-person singular)
مِنْ قَبْلِكِ (feminine second-person singular)
مِنْ قَبْلِكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
مِنْ قَبْلِكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
مِنْ قَبْلِهِ (masculine singular third-person)
مِنْ قَبْلِهَا (feminine singular third-person)
مِنْ قَبْلِهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
مِنْ قَبْلِهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


من قبل

مِنْ قِبَلِ • (min qibali)

مِنْ قِبَلِ (canonical)
min qibali (romanization)
مِنْ قِبَلِ (stem)
مِنْ قِبَلِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
مِنْ قِبَلِنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
مِنْ قِبَلِكَ (masculine second-person singular)
مِنْ قِبَلِكِ (feminine second-person singular)
مِنْ قِبَلِكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
مِنْ قِبَلِكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
مِنْ قِبَلِكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
مِنْ قِبَلِهِ (masculine singular third-person)
مِنْ قِبَلِهَا (feminine singular third-person)
مِنْ قِبَلِهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
مِنْ قِبَلِهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
مِنْ قِبَلِهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)

مِنْ قِبَلِ نَفْسِهِ


من غير

مِنْ غَيْرِ • (min ḡayri)

مِنْ غَيْرِ (canonical)
min ḡayri (romanization)
مِنْ غَيْرِ (stem)
مِنْ غَيْرِي (feminine first-person masculine singular)
مِنْ غَيْرِنَا (common-gender dual feminine first-person masculine plural)
مِنْ غَيْرِكَ (masculine second-person singular)
مِنْ غَيْرِكِ (feminine second-person singular)
مِنْ غَيْرِكُمَا (common-gender dual second-person)
مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ (masculine plural second-person)
مِنْ غَيْرِكُنَّ (feminine plural second-person)
مِنْ غَيْرِهِ (masculine singular third-person)
مِنْ غَيْرِهَا (feminine singular third-person)
مِنْ غَيْرِهِمَا (common-gender dual third-person)
مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ (masculine plural third-person)
مِنْ غَيْرِهِنَّ (feminine plural third-person)


دونما

دُونَمَا • (dūnamā)

دُونَمَا (canonical)
dūnamā (romanization)

مَا (mā) + دُونَ (dūna)


عليهن

head

عَلَيْهِنَّ • (ʕalayhinna)

عَلَيْهِنَّ (canonical)
ʕalayhinna (romanization)

عَلَى على#Arabic

third-person plural feminine of عَلَى (ʕalā)


عليهم

عَلَيْهِمْ • (ʕalayhim) m pl

عَلَيْهِمْ (canonical)
ʕalayhim (romanization)

عَلَى على#Arabic

third-person plural masculine of عَلَى (ʕalā)


عليكن

عَلَيْكُنَّ (canonical)
ʕalaykunna (romanization)

عَلَى على#Arabic

second-person plural feminine of عَلَى (ʕalā)


عليكم

عَلَيْكُمْ • (ʕalaykum) f pl

عَلَيْكُمْ (canonical)
ʕalaykum (romanization)

عَلَى على#Arabic

second-person plural masculine of عَلَى (ʕalā)


عليكما

عَلَيْكُمَا (canonical)
ʕalaykumā (romanization)

عَلَى على#Arabic

second-person dual masculine/feminine of عَلَى (ʕalā)