حماس

ar-proper noun

حَمَاس • (ḥamās) f or m

حَمَاس (canonical)
ḥamās (romanization)
حَمَاس (definite diptote informal singular triptote)
حَمَاسُ (definite diptote nominative singular triptote)
حَمَاسٌ (definite diptote nominative singular triptote)
حَمَاسَ (accusative definite diptote singular triptote)
حَمَاسًا (accusative definite diptote singular triptote)
حَمَاسَ (definite diptote genitive singular triptote)
حَمَاسٍ (definite diptote genitive singular triptote)

Acronym of حَرَكَة اَلْمُقَاوَمَةِ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةِ (ḥarakat al-muqāwamati l-ʔislāmiyyati, “Islamic Resistance Movement”).

acronym

Hamas (a militant Palestinianist and Sunni Muslim movement that presses for an independent, Palestinian Islamic state and the Palestinian right of return)


فاس

ar-proper noun

فَاس • (fās) f

فَاس (canonical)
fās (romanization)
فَاس (definite diptote informal singular)
فَاسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
فَاسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
فَاسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Portuguese: Fez

→ Spanish: Fez

Compare Central Atlas Tamazight ⴼⴰⵙ (fas)); linked to the region of the Central Atlas Mountains called ْفَازَاز (fāzāz), deriving either from a chronicled بَنُو فَازَازْ (banū fāzāz), ultimately associated with Central Atlas Tamazight ⴰⴼⵣⴰ (afza, “coarse, rough, hard, rocky”). The headwear is derived from Ottoman Turkish فس (fes) coined from the Moroccan city where it was popularized, itself from فَاس (fās).

der

Fez (the capital city of the region of Fez-Meknes, Morocco)


المغرب

ar-proper noun

الْمَغْرِب • (al-maḡrib) m

الْمَغْرِب (canonical)
al-maḡrib (romanization)
الْمَغْرِب (definite informal singular triptote)
الْمَغْرِبُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْمَغْرِبَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْمَغْرِبِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

desc

Moroccan Arabic: المَغْرِب (el-maḡrib), المُغْرِب (el-muḡrib)

→ Azerbaijani: Məğrib

→ Bengali: মাগরেব (magreb)

→ French: Maghreb

→ English: Maghreb

→ Turkish: Mağrip

→ Uzbek: Magʻrib

Literally, “the West”, see مَغْرِب (maḡrib) for more.

Maghreb (the predominantly Arabic-speaking geographic region comprising northwest Africa, particularly the region of Africa north of the Sahara and west of the Nile; the coastal plains of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and western Libya)


فلسطين

ar-proper noun

فِلَسْطِين or فِلِسْطِين or فَلَسْطِين • (filasṭīn or filisṭīn or falasṭīn) f

فِلَسْطِين (canonical)
فِلِسْطِين (canonical)
فَلَسْطِين (canonical)
filasṭīn (romanization)
filisṭīn (romanization)
falasṭīn (romanization)
فِلَسْطِين (definite diptote informal singular)
فِلَسْطِينُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
فِلَسْطِينَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
فِلَسْطِينَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

desc

Hijazi Arabic: فَلَسْطِين (falasṭīn), فِلِسْطِين (filisṭīn)

Moroccan Arabic: فلسطين (filisṭīn)

desctree

South Levantine Arabic: فلسطين (falasṭīn)
→ Hebrew: פלסטין (falastín)

→ Azerbaijani: Fələstin

→ Classical Persian: فَلَسْطِین (falastīn), فِلِسْطِین (filistīn)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: फ़िलिस्तीन (filistīn)
Urdu: فِلِسْطِین (filistīn)

→ Ottoman Turkish: فلسطین, فلستین (felestin)
Turkish: Filistin

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Παλαιστίνη (Palaistínē).

bor+

Palestine (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East; the State of Palestine; the homeland of the Palestinian people)

السُّلْطَة الْوَطَنِيَّة الْفِلَسْطِينِيَّة

مُنَظَّمَة التَّحْرِير الْفِلَسْطِينِيَّة


السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية

ar-proper noun

السُّلْطَة الْوَطَنِيَّة الْفِلَسْطِينِيَّة • (as-sulṭa l-waṭaniyya l-filasṭīniyya) f

as-sulṭa l-waṭaniyya l-filasṭīniyya (romanization)

ar-decl-noun

فِلَسْطِينِيَّة

en-السلطة_الوطنية_الفلسطينية-ar-name-~kuRPUGB


حسن

ar-proper noun

حَسَن • (ḥasan) m

حَسَن (canonical)
ḥasan (romanization)
حَسَن (definite informal singular triptote)
حَسَنٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
حَسَنًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
حَسَنٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

→ Azerbaijani: Həsən

→ Bashkir: Хәсән (Xəsən)

desc

→ Chinese: 哈桑 (Hāsāng) (transliteration)

→ English: Hasan

→ Hausa: Hasan

desctree

→ Old Armenian: Հասան (Hasan)
Middle Armenian: Հասան (Hasan)

→ Northern Kurdish: Hesen

→ Kazakh: Асан (Asan)

→ Kyrgyz: Асан (Asan)

→ Persian: حسن (hasan)

→ Somali: Xasan

→ Tajik: Ҳасан (Hasan)

→ Turkish: Hasan

→ Uyghur: ھەسەن (hesen)

→ Uzbek: Hasan

(defined) Ḥasan ibn ʕaliyy, the grandson and a revered companion of Muhammad, and the 2nd Shia Imam.


اليابان

ar-proper noun

الْيَابَان • (al-yābān) f

الْيَابَان (canonical)
al-yābān (romanization)
الْيَابَان (definite informal singular triptote)
الْيَابَانُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْيَابَانَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْيَابَانِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

From Dutch Japan, from Malay Jepang, from Hokkien 日本 (Ji̍t-pún). It's one of the Arabic country names which require the definite article اَل (al-).

سِيَاحَةُ ٱلْيَابَانِ تَتَضَمَّنُ مَزِيجًا مُثِيرًا مِنَ ٱلثَّقَافَةِ ٱلْقَدِيمَةِ وَٱلْحَدِيثَةِ.

siyāḥatu l-yābāni tataḍammanu mazījan muṯīran mina ṯ-ṯaqāfati l-qadīmati wal-ḥadīṯati.

Tourism in Japan includes an exciting blend of ancient and modern culture.

Japan (a country and archipelago of East Asia)


سيدني

سِيدْنِي • (sīdnī) m

سِيدْنِي (canonical)
sīdnī (romanization)
سدني (alternative)

Sydney (the capital city of New South Wales, Australia)


إيران

إِيرَان • (ʔīrān) f

إِيرَان (canonical)
ʔīrān (romanization)
إِيرَان (definite diptote informal singular)
إِيرَانُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
إِيرَانَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
إِيرَانَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


الأردن

الْأُرْدُن or الْأُرْدُنّ • (al-ʔurdun or al-ʔurdunn) m

الْأُرْدُن (canonical)
الْأُرْدُنّ (canonical)
al-ʔurdun (romanization)
al-ʔurdunn (romanization)
الْأُرْدُن (definite informal singular triptote)
الْأُرْدُنّ (definite informal singular triptote)
الْأُرْدُنُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْأُرْدُنُّ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْأُرْدُنَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْأُرْدُنَّ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْأُرْدُنِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
الْأُرْدُنِّ (definite genitive singular triptote)

From جُنْد الْأُرْدُنّ (jund al-ʔurdunn), “the military district of Jordan”, probably straight out borrowed from the Aramaic isolect spoken there at the time, attested by the written Jewish Babylonian Aramaic and Jewish Literary Aramaic as יֹורְדְּנא (yordənā) and יַרְדְּנא (yardənā). Both forms give the present Arabic one regularly: The emphatic state ending was rendered by the Arabic article, and the distinction of the onset consonants /j/, /ʔ/ and /ʕ/ either had already little functional load, in the same fashion as the etyma of هُود (hūd), يَافُوخ (yāfūḵ), يَلَب (yalab), الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq) etc., or the onset يُـ (yu-) or the pattern of *يَرْدُن (*yardun) or *أَرْدُن (*ʔardun) in Arabic was hardly admissible and had to be regularized, that is classicized. See Hebrew יַרְדֵּן (yardén) for the ultimate derivation of the toponym.

الْأُرْدُنُ مُحَاطَةٌ مِنَ الشَّمَالِ بِسُورِيَا، مِنَ الْغَرْبِ بِفِلَسْطِينَ، وَمِنَ الشَّرْقِ بِالْعِرَاقِ، وَمِنَ الشَّرْقِ وَالْجَنُوبِ بِالْمَمْلَكَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ السُّعُودِيَّةِ.

al-ʔurdunu muḥāṭatun mina š-šamāli bisūriyā, mina l-ḡarbi bifilasṭīna, wamina š-šarqi bi-l-ʕirāqi, wamina š-šarqi wāljanūbi bi-l-mamlakati l-ʕarabiyyati s-suʕūdiyyati.

Jordan is surrounded from the north by Syria, from the west by Palestine, from the east by Iraq, and from the east and south by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

وَسَتَغْسِلُ يَا نَهْرَ ٱلْأُرْدُنِ وَجْهِي بِمِيَاهٍ قُدْسِيَّة
وَسَتَمْحُو يَا نَهْرَ ٱلْأُرْدُنِ آثَارَ ٱلْقَدَمِ ٱلْهَمَجِيَّة

1967, “زَهْرَة الْمَدَائِن [Flower of Cities]”, Said Akl (lyrics), Rahbani brothers (music)performed by Fairuz:

And ye, o Jordan river, will wash my face with water of holiness;
And ye, o Jordan river, will erase the traces of the barbaric feet.

wasataḡsilu yā nahra l-ʔurduni wajhī bimiyāhin qudsiyya
wasatamḥū yā nahra l-ʔurduni ʔāṯāra l-qadami l-hamajiyya

Jordan (a river in Western Asia, in the Middle East, that empties into the Dead Sea, flowing through Israel, the Golan Heights, the West Bank and Jordan)


الصين

الصِّين • (aṣ-ṣīn) f

الصِّين (canonical)
aṣ-ṣīn (romanization)
الصِّين (definite informal singular triptote)
الصِّينُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الصِّينَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الصِّينِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

From Middle Persian 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (čīn, “China”), from Sanskrit चीन (cīna, “China”), itself usually derived from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin, “Qin”). It's one of the Arabic country names which require the definite article ال (al-). See “Names of China” at Wikipedia.

China (a region and country in East Asia)

(Druze faith) Shambhala, an occulted land where particularly pious Druze are believed to dwell in their afterlife


مصر

مِصْر • (miṣr) f

مِصْر (canonical)
miṣr (romanization)
مِصْر (definite diptote informal singular)
مِصْرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
مِصْرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
مِصْرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

desctree

Egyptian Arabic: مصر (maṣr)
→ Nobiin: Másser

Gulf Arabic: مصر (maṣir)

Hijazi Arabic: مَصُر (maṣur)

Maltese: Masar

Moroccan Arabic: مصر (miṣr)

North Levantine Arabic: مَصْر (maṣ(ə)r)

→ Abkhaz: Мысра (Məsra), Мсыр (Msər)

→ Adyghe: Мысыр (Məsər)

→ Akan: Misrim

→ Amharic: ምሥር (məśr)

→ Azerbaijani: Misir

→ Bashkir: Мысыр (Mısır)

→ Beja: مَسِر (Másir)

→ Chagatai: مصر

Uyghur: مىسىر (misir)

Uzbek: Misr

→ Chechen: Мисар (Misar)

→ Crimean Tatar: Mısır

→ Dhivehi: މިޞްރު (mişru)

→ Hausa: Masar, Misira

→ Kabyle: Maṣer

→ Kalenjin: Misri

→ Kamba: Misri

→ Kikuyu: Misri

→ Krymchak: Мысыр

→ Kumyk: Мисри (Misri)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: میسر (mîsr)

Northern Kurdish: Misir

→ Kyrgyz: Мысыр (Mısır)

→ Lezgi: Мисри (Misri)

→ Luhya: Misri

→ Luo: Misri

→ Classical Malay: مصر (Mesir)

Malay: Mesir

Indonesian: Mesir

→ Maranao: Misir

→ Meru: Misri

→ Mongolian:

Cyrillic script: Мисир (Misir)

Mongolian script: ᠮᠢᠰᠢᠷ (misir)

→ Ossetian: Мысыр (Mysyr)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مصر (Mısır) (see there for further descendants)

→ Pashto: مصر (mesr)

→ Classical Persian: مِصْر (misr) (see there for further descendants)

→ Swahili: Umisri, Misri

From a common Semitic source; compare Hebrew מִצְרַיִם (miṣráyim), Ugaritic 𐎎𐎕𐎗𐎎 (mṣrm), and Akkadian 𒈪𒄑𒊑𒄿 (miṣru) or 𒈬𒀫 (muṣru). The ending in Hebrew and Ugaritic is the standard dual form, perhaps related to the ancient conceptualization of Egypt as two realms: Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. Conflated with the root م ص ر (m ṣ r) in some senses (see below).
The sense of Cairo stems from the earlier settlement مِصْرُ الفُسْطَاط (miṣru l-fusṭāṭ, “the Civil Center of Assembly”, literally “of the large camel-hair tents, assembly halls”) that was incorporated into Cairo.

ar-root

م ص ر (m ṣ r)

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

(dialectal, Egypt) Cairo (the capital and largest city of Egypt)


العبرية

ar-proper noun

الْعِبْرِيَّة

الْعِبْرِيَّة • (al-ʕibriyya) f

الْعِبْرِيَّة (canonical)
al-ʕibriyya (romanization)
الْعِبْرِيَّة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
الْعِبْرِيَّةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
الْعِبْرِيَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
الْعِبْرِيَّةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

der

Hebrew עִבְרִית (ʿiḇrīṯ)


سوريا

ar-proper noun

سُورِيَا or سُورِيَّا • (sūriyā or sūriyyā) f

سُورِيَا (canonical)
سُورِيَّا (canonical)
sūriyā (romanization)
sūriyyā (romanization)
سُورِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
سُورِيَّا (definite informal invariable singular)
سُورِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
سُورِيَّا (definite invariable nominative singular)
سُورِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
سُورِيَّا (accusative definite invariable singular)
سُورِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
سُورِيَّا (definite genitive invariable singular)

From Ancient Greek Συρία (Suría), from Akkadian 𒀸𒋩 (Aššur, “Assur”).

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


الكويت

الْكُوَيْت (canonical)
al-kuwayt (romanization)
الْكُوَيْت (definite informal singular triptote)
الْكُوَيْتُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْكُوَيْتَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْكُوَيْتِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܟܘܵܝܬ (kwāyt)

English: Kuwait, Kuwait City

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Kuwait

Ottoman Turkish: کویت (Kuveyt)

Turkish: Kuveyt

Popularly said to be derived from الْكُوت (al-kūt), found in several placenames around the Gulf. Ultimately of obscure meaning and origin. Compare Hindi कोट (koṭ, “fort”). It is one of the Arabic country names which require the definite article ال (al-).

Kuwait (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East).

Kuwait City (the capital city of Kuwait).


إسرائيل

إِسْرَائِيل • (ʔisrāʔīl) m

إِسْرَائِيل (canonical)
ʔisrāʔīl (romanization)
إِسْرَائِيل (definite diptote informal singular)
إِسْرَائِيلُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
إِسْرَائِيلَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
إِسْرَائِيلَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
إِسْرٰئِيل (alternative)

ar-decl-noun

إِسْرَائِيلُ

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yiśrāʾēl).

bor+

يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ٱذْكُرُوا نِعْمَتِيَ ٱلَّتِي أَنْعَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَأَنِّي فَضَّلْتُكُمْ عَلَى ٱلْعَالَمِينَ

Children of Israel, remember My favor that I have bestowed upon you and that I preferred you over the worlds.

yā banī ʔisrāʔīla ḏkurū niʕmatiya llatī ʔanʕamtu ʕalaykum wa-ʔannī faḍḍaltukum ʕalā l-ʕālamīna


إسرائيل

ar-proper noun

إِسْرَائِيل • (ʔisrāʔīl) f

إِسْرَائِيل (canonical)
ʔisrāʔīl (romanization)
إِسْرَائِيل (definite diptote informal singular)
إِسْرَائِيلُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
إِسْرَائِيلَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
إِسْرَائِيلَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

إِسْرَائِيلُ

Borrowed from Israeli Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él).


الجزائر

ar-proper noun

الْجَزَائِر • (al-jazāʔir) f pl

الْجَزَائِر (canonical)
al-jazāʔir (romanization)
الْجَزَائِر (definite diptote informal singular)
الْجَزَائِرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
الْجَزَائِرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
الْجَزَائِرِ (definite diptote genitive singular)

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܓܲܙܵܐܝܼܪ (gazzāˀīr)

→ Azerbaijani: Əlcəzair

→ English: Algeria, Algiers

desctree

→ Malay: Aljazair
→ Indonesian: Aljazair

→ Spanish: Argelia

→ Turkish: Cezayir

→ Urdu: الجزائر (aljaza'ir)

Muhammad al-Idrisi
Yaqut al-Hamawi
ar:الجزائر

The broken plural of جَزِيرَة (jazīra, “island”) has come to be the proper name for Algeria, its capital, and the islands in its bay, as there were once several small islands in the Bay of Algiers. Most of these islands are now connected to the shore or have been removed. الْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir) is itself a truncated form of the city's older name of جَزَائِر بَنِي مَزْغَنَّى (jazāʔir banī mazḡannā, “the islands of (the tribe) Ait Mazghanna”), which was used by early medieval geographers such as Muhammad al-Idrisi and Yaqut al-Hamawi.

Algiers (the capital and largest city of Algeria)


السعودية

ar-proper noun

السُّعُودِيَّة

السَّعُودِيَّة

السُّعُودِيَّة or السَّعُودِيَّة • (as-suʕūdiyya or as-saʕūdiyya) f

السُّعُودِيَّة (canonical)
السَّعُودِيَّة (canonical)
as-suʕūdiyya (romanization)
as-saʕūdiyya (romanization)
السُّعُودِيَّة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
السَّعُودِيَّة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
السُّعُودِيَّةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
السَّعُودِيَّةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
السُّعُودِيَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
السَّعُودِيَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
السُّعُودِيَّةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)
السَّعُودِيَّةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

المملكة العربية السعودية#Arabic

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East), ellipsis of اَلْمَمْلَكَةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ السُّعُودِيَّةُ (al-mamlakatu l-ʕarabiyyatu s-suʕūdiyyatu)


تل أبيب

تَلّ أَبِيب • (tall ʔabīb) f

تَلّ أَبِيب (canonical)
tall ʔabīb (romanization)

Partial calque of Hebrew תל אביב (tel aviv).


الرياض

ar-proper noun

الرِّيَاض • (ar-riyāḍ) f

الرِّيَاض (canonical)
ar-riyāḍ (romanization)
الرِّيَاض (definite diptote informal singular)
الرِّيَاضُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
الرِّيَاضَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
الرِّيَاضِ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Definite form of رِيَاض (riyāḍ), plural of رَوْض (rawḍ, “meadow”).

Riyadh (the capital city of Saudi Arabia)


القاهرة

الْقَاهِرَة • (al-qāhira) f

الْقَاهِرَة (canonical)
al-qāhira (romanization)
الْقَاهِرَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
الْقَاهِرَةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
الْقَاهِرَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
الْقَاهِرَةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܩܵܗܝܼܪܵܐ (qāhīrā)

→ Azerbaijani: Qahirə

desctree

→ Classical Persian: قَاهِرَه (qāhira)
→ Bashkir: Ҡаһирә (Qahirə)
→ Chagatai: قاهره
Uyghur: قاھىرە (qahire)
Uzbek: Qohira
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: क़ाहिरा (qāhirā), काहिरा (kāhirā)
Urdu: قاہِرَہ (qāhira)
→ Pashto: قاهره
→ Punjabi: قاہِرَہ (qāhirah)
→ Sindhi: قاهره
→ Tatar: Каһирә (Qahirä)

→ Hebrew: קָהִיר (kahír)

→ Malay: Kaherah

→ Ottoman Turkish: قاهره

Turkish: Kahire

Literally, “the Victorious”, named after an epithet of the planet Mars, النَّجْم القَاهِر (an-najm al-qāhir, “the victorious star”), in reference to Mars' passage above the site of the city at the time of the foundation of its walls in 969 CE; from قَهَرَ (qahara, “to defeat”).


مسلم

مُسْلِم (canonical)
muslim (romanization)
مُسْلِم (definite informal singular triptote)
مُسْلِمٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
مُسْلِمًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
مُسْلِمٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Derived from the active participle of أَسْلَمَ (ʔaslama, “to surrender, to become a Muslim”).

etymon

أَسْلَمَ>convert


أورشليم

ar-proper noun

أُورُشَلِيم • (ʔūrušalīm) f

أُورُشَلِيم (canonical)
ʔūrušalīm (romanization)
أُورُشَلِيم (definite diptote informal singular)
أُورُشَلِيمُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
أُورُشَلِيمَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
أُورُشَلِيمَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

أُورُشَلِيمُ

From Classical Syriac ܐܘܪܫܠܡ (ʾūrišlēm, ʾōrēšlim), a pre-Hebrew form. Compare 𒌑𒊒𒊓𒅆𒆠 (Urušalim) in the Armana letters (14th century B.C.).

bor

وَأَصْحَابُ هَٰذِهِ الْمُؤَامَرَةِ لَمْ يَسْتَطِيعُوا أَنْ يَجْهَرُوا بِهَا فِي أُورُشَلِيمَ

a. 1273, اَلْقُرْطُبِيّ [al-qurṭubiyy], edited by أَحْمَد حِجَازِيّ السَّقَّا [ʔaḥmad ḥijāziyy as-saqqā], اَلْإِعْلَامُ بِمَا فِي دِينِ النَّصَارَى مِنَ الْفَسَادِ وَٱلْأَوْهَامِ [al-ʔiʕlāmu bimā fī dīni n-naṣārā mina l-fasādi wal-ʔawhāmi], دَار التُّرَاث اَلْعَرَبِيّ [dār at-turāṯ al-ʕarabiyy], page 484:

The plotters of this conspiracy were unable to openly declare it in Jerusalem.

(Christianity, Israel) Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


القدس

الْقُدْس (canonical)
al-quds (romanization)
الْقُدْس (definite informal singular triptote)
الْقُدْسُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْقُدْسَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْقُدْسِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

→ Belarusian: Аль-Ку́дс (Alʹ-Kúds)

→ Bengali: কুদুস (kudus)

→ English: al-Quds

→ Classical Persian: قُدْس (quds)

Persian: قُدْس (qods)

→ Ottoman Turkish: قدس (Kudüs)

→ Turkish: Kudüs

→ Russian: Аль-Ку́дс (Alʹ-Kúds)

→ Ukrainian: Аль-Ку́дс (Alʹ-Kúds)

Ellipsis of مَدِينَة الْقُدْس (madīnat al-quds), a calque of Classical Syriac ܡܕܝܢܬ ܩܘܕܫܐ (məḏīnaṯ quḏšā), from Hebrew עִיר הַקֹּדֶשׁ (ʿîr haq-qṓḏeš, “the city of holiness”). Morphologically the definite of قُدْس (quds), from the root ق د س (q d s).

ellipsis

مَدِينَة الْقُدْس

calque

məḏīnaṯ quḏšā

der

עִיר הַקֹּדֶשׁ

الْبَيْتُ لَنَا وَٱلْقُدْسُ لَنَا
 وَبِأَيْدِينَا سَنُعِيدُ بَهَاءَ ٱلْقُدْسِ
 بِأَيْدِينَا لِلْقُدْسِ سَلَام آتٍ

The house is ours, and Jerusalem is ours.
And by our hands we will restore Jerusalem’s splendor.
By our hands to Jerusalem peace is coming.

al-baytu lanā wal-qudsu lanā
 wabiʔaydīnā sanuʕīdu bahāʔa l-qudsi
 biʔaydīnā lilqudsi salām ʔātin


بيت المقدس

ar-proper noun

بَيْت الْمَقْدِس

بَيْت الْمَقْدِس • (bayt al-maqdis) f

بَيْت الْمَقْدِس (canonical)
bayt al-maqdis (romanization)
بَيْت الْمَقْدِس (definite informal singular triptote)
بَيْتُ الْمَقْدِسِ (definite nominative singular triptote)
بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ (accusative definite singular triptote)
بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

desctree

→ Persian: بیتالمقدس, بیت المقدس
→ Gujarati: બૈતુલમુકદ્દસ (baitulmukaddas)
→ Malay: Baitulmuqaddis
→ Pashto: بيت المقدس (bayt-ul-muqadas)
→ Urdu: بیت المقدس (bait-ul-muqaddas)

Literally, “the House of the Holy Place”, probably a calque of Aramaic ܒ݂ܶܝܬ݂ ܡܰܩܕ݁ܫܳܐ (beyt maqdšā) or Hebrew בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ (béit-hamikdásh).

cog

ܒ݂ܶܝܬ݂ ܡܰܩܕ݁ܫܳܐ

בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ

[…]لَمَّا فَرَغَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ مِنْ بِنَاءِ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ سَأَلَ اللهَ ثَلَاثًا حُكْمًا يُصَادِفُ حُكْمَهُ وَمُلْكًا لَا يَنْبَغِي لْأَحَدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَأَلَّا يَأْتِيَ هَذَا الْمَسْجِدَ أَحَدٌ لَا يُرِيدُ إِلَّا الصَّلَاةَ فِيهِ إِلَّا خَرَجَ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ كَيَوْمِ وَلَدَتْهُ أُمُّهُ

[…] When Solomon, the son of David, was done with building the Temple, he asked God for three things: a judiciousness with which His judiciousness would coincide, a kingdom that no one after him should ever have, and that none should ever come to that mosque who wishes only to pray therein unless they should slip afterwards out of their sins, like how they were on the day their mother bore them.

[…]lammā faraḡa sulaymānu bnu dāwuda min bināʔi bayti l-maqdisi saʔala llāha ṯalāṯan ḥukman yuṣādifu ḥukmahu wamulkan lā yanbaḡī lʔaḥadin min baʕdihi waʔallā yaʔtiya haḏā l-masjida ʔaḥadun lā yurīdu ʔillā ṣ-ṣalāta fīhi ʔillā ḵaraja min ḏunūbihi kayawmi waladathu ʔummuhu

[…]فَقَالَ عِيسَىٰ إِنَّ ٱللهَ أَمَرَكَ بِخَمْسِ كَلِمَاتٍ لِتَعْمَلَ بِهَا وَتَأْمُرَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنْ يَعْمَلُوا بِهَا فَإِمَّا أَنْ تَأْمُرَهُمْ وَإِمَّا أَنَا آمُرُهُمْ. فَقَالَ يَحْيَىٰ أَخْشَىٰ إِنْ سَبَقْتَنِي بِهَا أَنْ يُخْسَفَ بِي أَوْ أُعَذَّبَ فَجَمَعَ النَّاسَ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ فَامْتَلَأ الْمَسْجِدُ وَقَعَدُوا عَلَىٰ الشُّرَفِ[…]

7th century CE, Jamīʿ at-Tirmiḏiyy, 44:5:

[…] Jesus said: "Verily, God commanded you in five words, that you may live by them and command the Children of Israel that they are to live by them; and so either you command them or I will. Thus, John said: "I fear that if you beat me to it , I might be sunk into the earth or tortured. Thus, he gathered the people into the Temple till the mosque was crammed, and many went off to sat on the parapets. […]

[…]faqāla ʕīsā ʔinna llāha ʔamaraka biḵamsi kalimātin litaʕmala bihā wataʔmura banī ʔisrāʔīla ʔan yaʕmalū bihā faʔimmā ʔan taʔmurahum waʔimmā ʔanā ʔāmuruhum. faqāla yaḥyā ʔaḵšā ʔin sabaqtanī bihā ʔan yuḵsafa bī ʔaw ʔuʕaḏḏaba fajamaʕa n-nāsa fī bayti l-maqdisi fāmtalaʔ al-masjidu waqaʕadū ʕalā š-šurafi[…]

[…]قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّىٰ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " عُمْرَانُ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ خَرَابُ يَثْرِبَ وَخَرَابُ يَثْرِبَ خُرُوجُ الْمَلْحَمَةِ وَخُرُوجُ الْمَلْحَمَةِ فَتْحُ قُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةَ وَفَتْحُ الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةِ خُرُوجُ الدَّجَّالِ ".[…]

[…] The Apostle of God—God shower blessings and salutations on him and grant [him] peace—said, "The flourishing of Jerusalem is the desolation of Yathrib; the desolation of Yathrib is the outbreak of the Great War; the outbreak of the Great War is the conquest of Constantinople; the conquest of Constantinople is the emergence of the Antichrist." […]

[…]qāla rasūlu llāhi ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhi wasallama " ʕumrānu bayti l-maqdisi ḵarābu yaṯriba waḵarābu yaṯriba ḵurūju l-malḥamati waḵurūju l-malḥamati fatḥu qusṭanṭīniyyata wafatḥu l-qusṭanṭīniyyati ḵurūju d-dajjāli ".[…]

لما افتتح السلطان تلك الأماكن المذكورة فيما تقدم، أمر العساكر فاجتمعت ثم سار نحو بيت المقدس،[…]

14th century CE, ʾIbn Kaṯīr, al-Bidāya wan-Nihāya [The Beginning and the End]:

When the Sultan seized the aforementioned places, he commanded the army to assemble and marched on Jerusalem; […]


الشرق الأوسط

ar-proper noun

الشَّرْق الْأَوْسَط

الشَّرْق الْأَوْسَط • (aš-šarq al-ʔawsaṭ) m

الشَّرْق الْأَوْسَط (canonical)
aš-šarq al-ʔawsaṭ (romanization)
الشَّرْق الْأَوْسَط (definite informal singular triptote)
الشَّرْقُ الْأَوْسَطُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الشَّرْقَ الْأَوْسَطَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الشَّرْقِ الْأَوْسَطِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

(geopolitics) Middle East (the geopolitical region at the intersection of Asia, Africa and Europe, comprising West Asia excluding the South Caucasus and additionally including all of Egypt and all of Turkey)

ar:الشرق الأوسط


الشرق الاوسط

الشرق الاوسط

الشرق الاوسط • (aš-šarq al-ʾawsaṭ) m

الشَّرْق الْأَوْسَط
الشرق الأوسط#Arabic

alternative spelling of الشَّرْق الْأَوْسَط (aš-šarq al-ʔawsaṭ)


تركيا

تُرْكِيَا or تُرْكِيَّا • (turkiyā or turkiyyā) f

تُرْكِيَا (canonical)
تُرْكِيَّا (canonical)
turkiyā (romanization)
turkiyyā (romanization)
تُرْكِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
تُرْكِيَّا (definite informal invariable singular)
تُرْكِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
تُرْكِيَّا (definite invariable nominative singular)
تُرْكِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
تُرْكِيَّا (accusative definite invariable singular)
تُرْكِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
تُرْكِيَّا (definite genitive invariable singular)

Ultimately from Byzantine Greek Τουρκίᾱ (Tourkíā, “Turkey”), itself being Τοῦρκος (Toûrkos) (borrowed into Latin as Turcus (“A Turk, Turkish”), see there for further etymology) with suffix -ίᾱ (-íā).


يابان

ar-proper noun

يَابَان • (yābān) f

يَابَان (canonical)
yābān (romanization)

اليَابَان اليابان#Arabic

only used in اليَابَان (al-yābān, “Japan”)


الأحد

الْأَحَد • (al-ʔaḥad) m

الْأَحَد (canonical)
al-ʔaḥad (romanization)
الْأَحَد (definite informal singular triptote)
الْأَحَدُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْأَحَدَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْأَحَدِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
الْأَحَدَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
الْأَحَدَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
الْأَحَدَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
الْأَحَدَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
الْآحَاد (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
الْآحَادُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
الْآحَادَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
الْآحَادِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)

→ Afar: acád

→ Ladino: alhad

→ Hausa: Lahadi

→ Yoruba: Àlàádì

→ Maltese: Ħadd

→ Somali: axad

الْـ (al-) + أَحَد (ʔaḥad), literally “the one”, as a phono-semantic matching of Classical Syriac ܚܰܕ ܒܫܱܒܴ݁ܐ (ḥaḏ bəšabbā, literally “the one of the week”). Displaced أَوْل (ʔawl).

psm

days of the week: أَيَّامُ الْأُسْبُوع: السَّبْت · الْأَحَد · الْاِثْنَيْن · الثُّلَاثَاء · الْأَرْبِعَاء · الْخَمِيس · الْجُمُعَة [edit]


الله

ar-proper noun

اللّٰه • (allāh) m

اللّٰه (canonical)
allāh (romanization)
الله (definite informal singular triptote)
اللهُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
اللهَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
اللهِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Maltese: Alla, alla

→ Adyghe: Алахь (Alaḥ)

→ Afrikaans: Allah

→ Albanian: Allah, Allahu

→ Amharic: አላህ (ʾälah)

→ Armenian: Ալլահ (Allah)

→ Assamese: আল্লাহ (allah)

→ Avar: Аллагь (Allah)

→ Bashkir: Алла (Alla)

→ Belarusian: Ала́х (Aláx)

→ Bengali: আল্লাহ (allah)

→ Bulgarian: Алла́х (Alláh)

→ Burmese: အလ္လာဟ် (allah)

→ Catalan: Al·là

→ Central Kurdish: ئەڵڵا (elllla)

→ Chechen: Аллахӏ (Allah)

→ Chinese:

Cantonese: 阿拉 (aa³ laa¹), 安拉 (on¹ laai¹)

Hakka: 阿拉 (Â-lâ)

Mandarin: 安拉 (Ānlā), 阿拉 (Ālā)

Dungan: Анла (Anla), Анлахў (Anlahw)

Min Nan: 阿拉 (A-la)

→ Crimean Tatar: Alla

→ Czech: Alláh

→ Danish: Allah

→ Dhivehi: އައްލާހު (allāhu)

→ English: Allah

→ Estonian: Allah

→ Finnish: Allah

→ Galician: Alá

→ Georgian: ალაჰი (alahi)

→ German: Allah

→ German Low German: Allah

→ Greek: Αλλάχ (Allách)

→ Gujarati: અલ્લાહ (allāh)

→ Hausa: Allah

→ Hebrew: אללה (allá)

→ Hindi: अल्लाह (allāh)

→ Hungarian: Allah

→ Indonesian: Allah

→ Irish: Allah

→ Japanese: アッラーフ (Arrāfu)

→ Javanese: ꦄꦭ꧀ꦭꦃ (allah)

→ Kannada: ಅಲ್ಲಾಹ (allāha)

→ Karaim: аллахъ (allax)

→ Kazakh: Аллаһ (Allah)

→ Khmer: អាឡា (ʼaalaa)

→ Korean: 알라 (Alla)

→ Kumyk: Аллагь (Allah)

→ Kyrgyz: Алла (Alla), Аллах (Allah)

desc

→ Lao: ອັນເລາະ (ʼan lǫ)

→ Lao: ອັນເລາະ (ʼan lǫ)

→ Latvian: Allāhs

→ Lezgi: Аллагь (Allah)

→ Lithuanian: Alachas

→ Macedonian: Алах (Alah)

→ Malay: Allah

Indonesian: Allah

→ Malayalam: അല്ലാഹു (allāhu)

→ Marathi: अल्लाह (allāh)

→ Mongolian:

Cyrillic script: Аллах (Allax)

Mongolian script: ᠠᠯᠯᠠᠾ (allah)

→ Northern Kurdish: Ellah

→ Norwegian: Allah

→ Odia: ଅଲ୍ଲାହ (allāha)

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: اَلله (allāh)

Azerbaijani: Allah

Gagauz: Allaa

desctree

Ottoman Turkish: الله (Allâh)
Turkish: Allah

→ Pashto: الله (əllɑ)

→ Persian:

→ Classical Persian: اَلله (allāh)

→ Dari: اَلله (allāh)

→ Iranian Persian: اَلله (allâh)

→ Polish: Allach, Allah, Ałłach

→ Portuguese: Alá

→ Punjabi:

desc

→ Gurmukhi script: ਅੱਲਾਹ (allāh), ਅੱਲ੍ਹਾ (allhā), ਅੱਲਾ (allā)

→ Shahmukhi script: اَللہ (allāh)

→ Romanian: Allah

→ Russian: Алла́х (Alláx), Алла́хъ (Alláx)

→ Sanskrit: अल्लाह् (allāh)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Аллах, Алах

Latin script: Allah, Alah

→ Sinhalese: අල්ලාහ් (allāh)

→ Slovak: Alah

→ Slovene: Alah

→ Somali: Allaah

→ Spanish: Alá

→ Classical Syriac: ܐܠܠܐ / ܐܠܠܘ (allāh / allā) (chiefly Garshuni)

→ Tajik: Аллоҳ (Alloh)

→ Tamil: அல்லாஹ் (allāh)

→ Tatar: Аллах (Allax)

→ Telugu: అల్లాహ్ (allāh)

→ Thai: อัลลอฮ์ (an-lɔɔ)

→ Tibetan: ཨ་ལ (a la)

→ Tigrinya: አላህ (ʾälah)

→ Tok Pisin: Ala

→ Turkmen: Allah

→ Ukrainian: Алла́х (Alláx)

→ Urdu: اَللّٰہ (allāh)

→ Urum: аллах (allah)

→ Uyghur: ئاللاھ (allah)

→ Uzbek: Alloh

→ Vietnamese: A-la

→ Yakut: Аллаах (Allaaq)

→ Yiddish: אַלאַ (ala)

→ Yoruba: Allah

→ Zazaki: Allah, Alla

→ Afar: Yálla

→ Saho: Yalla

→ Wolof: Yàlla

From the root ء ل ه (ʔ l h). Widely theorized to be a contraction of الٱِلٰه (al-ilāh, “God”), from الإلٰه (al-ʔilāh, “the deity”) with loss of initial hamza after the definite article ال (al-). Others suggest it is a variant spelling of the more ancient ألّٰه (allāh), the extra ل (l) serving as an emphatic marker to emphasize distinction, first attested in the Mecca and Taif region, and later in the Quran. Both proposed roots were current in pre-Islamic usage, particularly الإلٰه (al-ilāh) in Nabataean macaronic Arabic-Aramaic usage from which the singular use has presumably spread. Ultimately from Proto-Semitic *ʔil-. Cognate with Classical Syriac ܐܰܠܳܗܳܐ (ʾalāhā), Assyrian Neo-Aramaic ܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ (allāhā), Aramaic אֱלָהָא (ʾĕlāhā), Hebrew אֱלוֹהַּ (ʾelōah), and Old South Arabian 𐩱𐩡𐩠 (ʾlh).

ar-root

ء ل ه (ʔ l h)

cog

Aramaic אֱלָהָא (ʾĕlāhā)

بِسْمِ ٱللّٰهِبِسْمِ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

قُلْ هُوَ ٱللّٰهُ أَحَدٌ ٱللّٰهُ ٱلصَّمَدُ لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ

Say, “He is God, [who is] One, God, the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is born, nor is there to Him any equivalent.”

qul huwa llāhu ʔaḥadun llāhu ṣ-ṣamadu lam yalid wa-lam yūlad wa-lam yakun lahu kufuwan ʔaḥadun

لِأَنَّهُ هٰكَذَا أَحَبَّ ٱللهُ ٱلْعَالَمَ حَتَّى بَذَلَ ٱبْنَهُ ٱلْوَحِيدَ، لِكَيْ لَا يَهْلِكَ كُلُّ مَنْ يُؤْمِنُ بِهِ، بَلْ يَكُونُ لَهُ الْحَيَاةُ ٱلْأَبَدِيَّةُ.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, John 3:16:

For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son so that everyone who believes in him will not perish but have eternal life.

فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ يَسُوعُ قَالَ: هٰذَا ٱلْمَرَضُ لَيْسَ لِلْمَوْتِ بَلْ لِأَجْلِ مَجْدِ اللّٰهِ لِيَتَمَجَّدَ ٱبْنُ اللّٰهِ بِهِ.

1865 CE, Bible (SVD), Gospel of John, 11:4:

When Jesus heard it, he said: This sickness is not unto death, but for the glory of God, that the Son of God might be glorified thereby.

fa-lammā samiʕa yasūʕu qāla: hāḏā l-maraḍu laysa li-l-mawti bal li-ʔajli majdi llāhi li-yatamajjada bnu llāhi bihi.


نجار

ar-proper noun

نَجَّار • (najjār) ?

نَجَّار (canonical)
najjār (romanization)

From Aramaic נַגָּרָא / ܢܰܓܳܪܳܐ (naggārā), from Akkadian 𒉄 (NAGAR /naggāru/), from Sumerian 𒉄 (NAGAR, “carpenter”).

bor

Aramaic נַגָּרָא


منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية

ar-proper noun

مُنَظَّمَة التَّحْرِير الْفِلَسْطِينِيَّة • (munaẓẓamat at-taḥrīr al-filasṭīniyya) f

munaẓẓamat at-taḥrīr al-filasṭīniyya (romanization)
م.ت.ف (abbreviation)

ar-decl-noun

فِلَسْطِينِيَّة

Literally, “Palestinian Organization of Liberation”.

lit

ar:منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية

en-منظمة_التحرير_الفلسطينية-ar-name-zfJ-d3PS


جمال

ar-proper noun

جَمَال • (jamāl) m

جَمَال (canonical)
jamāl (romanization)
جَمَال (definite informal singular triptote)
جَمَالٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
جَمَالًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
جَمَالٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Verbal noun of جَمُلَ (jamula, “to be beautiful”).


رمضان

رَمَضَان • (ramaḍān) m

رَمَضَان (canonical)
ramaḍān (romanization)
رَمَضَان (definite diptote informal singular)
رَمَضَانُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
رَمَضَانَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
رَمَضَانَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

The month was a summer month in pre-Islamic times before the Quranic prohibition against leap months (Quran 9:37). Hence without doubt from the root ر م ض (r m ḍ), and related to رَمَض (ramaḍ, “parchedness, scorchedness”) and رَمْضَاء (ramḍāʔ, “sun-baked ground”). Compare also اِرْتَمَضَ (irtamaḍa, “to be consumed by grief and sorrow”).

ar-root

ر م ض (r m ḍ)


العراق

ar-proper noun

الْعِرَاق • (al-ʕirāq) m or f

الْعِرَاق (canonical)
al-ʕirāq (romanization)
الْعِرَاق (definite informal singular triptote)
الْعِرَاقُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْعِرَاقَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْعِرَاقِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Medieval Arabic geographic understanding of this toponym included the areas in the south and center of modern Iraq. This may be understood as the definite form of عِرَاق (ʕirāq, “shore, coast, any region or area (of a whole country or a mere rivulet in a garden) adjacent to water as opposed to another one”), contradistinguished from الْجَزِيرَة (al-jazīra, “the Arabian Peninsula”), respectively, in Classical Syriac ܓܙܺܝܪܬܴ݁ܐ (gəzīrtā, “Mesopotamia”), but it is tempting to connect it with Middle Persian [script needed] (ˀyrg /ērag/) or [script needed] (ˀl'k' /erāg/, “lowlands”), like 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾyrʾn /ērān/, “Iran”), with diminutive suffix from 𐭠𐭩𐭫 (ʾyl /ēr/, “Iranian”), referring to historic rule from Iraq’s plateau-situated neighbor, Persia. The former Pahlavi form is more closely reflected in a Jewish Babylonian Aramaic incantation bowl; together with the neighboring region, this marks it as אירג (ʔyrg /*ērag/), being the oldest extant witness of the country name. The Aramaic language continuum may have had a pharyngealized byform of the other vocalization, as also seen in عِرْنَاس (ʕirnās, “distaff”) and عَمْرُوسَة (ʕamrūsa, “small lamb”).

der

ar:العراق
ru:Христианский Восток (журнал)


ألمانيا

ar-proper noun

أَلْمَانِيَا

أَلْمَانِيَا • (ʔalmāniyā) f

أَلْمَانِيَا (canonical)
ʔalmāniyā (romanization)
أَلْمَانِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
أَلْمَانِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
أَلْمَانِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
أَلْمَانِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

ar-decl-noun

أَلْمَانِيَا

From Spanish Alemania, from Latin Alamannī (“all men”), an ancient conglomeration of Teutonic tribes.

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


ما وراء النهر

ar-proper noun

مَا وَرَاءَ النَهْر

مَا وَرَاءَ النَهْر • (mā warāʔa n-nahr) m

مَا وَرَاءَ النَهْر (canonical)
mā warāʔa n-nahr (romanization)
مَا وَرَاء النَّهْر (definite informal invariable singular)
مَا وَرَاءَ النَّهْرِ (definite invariable nominative singular)
مَا وَرَاءَ النَّهْرِ (accusative definite invariable singular)
مَا وَرَاءَ النَّهْرِ (definite genitive invariable singular)

Transoxiana, "beyond the river" (an old name for the land in Central Asia north of the Amu Darya River).

ar:ما وراء النهر


روسيا

رُوسِيَا • (rūsiyā) f

رُوسِيَا (canonical)
rūsiyā (romanization)
رُوسِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
رُوسِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
رُوسِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
رُوسِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

Russia (a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


تركية

تُرْكِيَّة • (turkiyya) f

تُرْكِيَّة (canonical)
turkiyya (romanization)

desctree

→ Classical Persian: تُرْکِیَّه (turkiyya)
Dari: تُرْکِیَه (turkiya)
Iranian Persian: تُرْکِیِّه (torkiyye), تُرْکِیِه (torkiye)
Tajik: Туркия (Turkiya)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: तुर्किया (turkiyā)
Urdu: تُرْکِیَہ (turkiya)
→ Punjabi:
Shahmukhi script: تُرْکِیَہ (turkiyah)

→ Ottoman Turkish: تركیه, تركیا (Türkiyâ), توركیه (Türkiye), Թիւրքիյէ (Türkiye) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: Türkiye

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek Τουρκίᾱ (Tourkíā), with the spelling influenced by the adjective تُرْكِيّ (turkiyy) as found in الدَّوْلَة ٱلتُّرْكِيَّة (ad-dawla t-turkiyya). Compare سُورِيَّة (sūriyya).

bor+

[…] حرب بين تركية وروسيا […]

1894, الجزء الثالث من البحر الزاخر في تاريخ العالم واخبار الاوائل والاواخر, page 274:

تُرْكِيَا تركيا#Arabic

dated form of تُرْكِيَا (turkiyā, “Turkey”)


جميل

ar-proper noun

جَمِيل • (jamīl) m (feminine جَمِيلَة (jamīla))

جَمِيل (canonical)
jamīl (romanization)
جَمِيلَة (feminine)
جَمِيل (definite informal singular triptote)
جَمِيلٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
جَمِيلًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
جَمِيلٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

→ Azerbaijani: Cəmil

→ Bashkir: Йәмил (Yəmil)

→ Chagatai: جمیل

Uzbek: Jamil

→ Ottoman Turkish: جمیل (Cemîl)

Turkish: Cemil

→ Persian: جمیل (jamil)

→ Urdu: جمیل (jamīl)

جَمِيلَة جميلة#Arabic

a male given name, Jamil or Jameel, feminine equivalent جَمِيلَة (jamīla)


ميكائيل

مِيكَائِيل • (mīkāʔīl) m

مِيكَائِيل (canonical)
mīkāʔīl (romanization)
مِيكَائِيل (definite diptote informal singular)
مِيكَائِيلُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
مِيكَائِيلَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
مِيكَائِيلَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
مِيكَال (alternative)
مِيخَائِيل (alternative)

ar-decl-noun

مِيكَائِيل:di

→ Azerbaijani: Mikayıl

→ Kazakh: Миқайл (Miqail)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: میكائیل (mikail)
Turkish: Mikail, Mikâil

→ Persian: میکائیل (mikâ'il)

→ Tajik: Микоил (Mikoyil)

→ Urdu: میکائیل (mekāel)

→ Uyghur: مىكائىل (mika'il)

→ Uzbek: Mikoil

From an archaic Aramaic form ancestral to Classical Syriac ܡܝܟܐܝܠ (mīḵāʾēl), ultimately from Biblical Hebrew מִיכָאֵל (mīḵāʾēl).

a male given name, equivalent to English Michael


الصربية

ar-proper noun

الصِرْبِيَّة

الصِرْبِيَّة • (aṣ-ṣirbiyya) f

الصِرْبِيَّة (canonical)
aṣ-ṣirbiyya (romanization)


قطر

قَطَر • (qaṭar) f

قَطَر (canonical)
qaṭar (romanization)
قَطَر (definite diptote informal singular)
قَطَرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
قَطَرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
قَطَرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Qatar (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


دانمارك

دَانْمَارْك • (dānmārk) f

دَانْمَارْك (canonical)
dānmārk (romanization)

الدَّانْمَارْك الدانمارك#Arabic

only used in الدَّانْمَارْك (ad-dānmārk, “Denmark”)


زياد

زِيَاد • (ziyād) m

زِيَاد (canonical)
ziyād (romanization)
زِيَاد (definite informal singular triptote)
زِيَادٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
زِيَادًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
زِيَادٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)


آب

آب • (ʔāb) m

ʔāb (romanization)
آب (definite diptote informal singular)
آبُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
آبَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
آبَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Persian: آب (âb, “August”)

From Classical Syriac ܐܒ (ʾāḇ), ultimately from Akkadian 𒌚𒉈 (Abum). Cognate with Hebrew אָב (av, “Av, the fifth month of the Hebrew lunisolar calendar”).

cognate

(Mashreq, especially Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, Iraq) August (eighth month of the Gregorian and Julian calendars)

especially Syria; Jordan; especially Syria; Jordan


شاهين

ar-proper noun

شَاهِين • (šāhīn) ?

شَاهِين (canonical)
šāhīn (romanization)

Borrowed from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (šhyn' /šāhēn/, “falcon”, literally “kingly, majestic”).


الولايات المتحدة

ar-proper noun

الْوِلَايَات الْمُتَّحِدَة

الْوِلَايَات الْمُتَّحِدَة • (al-wilāyāt al-muttaḥida) f pl

الْوِلَايَات الْمُتَّحِدَة (canonical)
al-wilāyāt al-muttaḥida (romanization)
الْوِلَايَات الْمُتَّحِدَة (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
الْوِلَايَاتُ الْمُتَّحِدَةُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
الْوِلَايَاتِ الْمُتَّحِدَةَ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
الْوِلَايَاتِ الْمُتَّحِدَةِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)

الْوِلَايَات الْمُتَّحِدَة الْأَمْرِيكِيَّة


الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية

الْوِلَايَات الْمُتَّحِدَة الْأَمْرِيكِيَّة • (al-wilāyāt al-muttaḥida l-ʾamrīkiyya) f

al-wilāyāt al-muttaḥida l-ʾamrīkiyya (romanization)

ar-decl-noun

أَمْرِيكِيَّة

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)

en-الولايات_المتحدة_الأمريكية-ar-name-6DbKFMqU


الترجمة السبعينية

ar-proper noun

التَّرْجَمَة السَّبْعِينِيَّة

التَّرْجَمَة السَّبْعِينِيَّة • (at-tarjama s-sabʿīniyya) f

التَّرْجَمَة السَّبْعِينِيَّة (canonical)
at-tarjama s-sabʿīniyya (romanization)
التَّرْجَمَة السَّبْعِينِيَّة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
التَّرْجَمَةُ السَّبْعِينِيَّةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
التَّرْجَمَةَ السَّبْعِينِيَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
التَّرْجَمَةِ السَّبْعِينِيَّةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

سَبْعِينِيَّة

Composed of التَّرْجَمَة (at-tarjama, “the translation”) + السَّبْعِينِيَّة (as-sabʕīniyya, “related to seventy (people)”); literally "the translation of the seventy".


הרון

هَارُون هارون#Arabic

Judeo-Arabic spelling of هَارُون (hārūn, “Aaron”)


فم الحوت

ar-proper noun

فَم الْحُوت • (fam al-ḥūt) m

فَم الْحُوت (canonical)
fam al-ḥūt (romanization)
فَم الْحُوت (definite informal singular triptote)
فَمُ الْحُوتِ (definite nominative singular triptote)
فَمَ الْحُوتِ (accusative definite singular triptote)
فَمِ الْحُوتِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

فَم (fam, “mouth”) + حُوت (ḥūt, “fish”), literally “the fish's mouth”.


ويكيبيديا

ar-proper noun

وِيكِيبِيدِيَا

وِيكِيبِيدِيَا • (wīkībīdiyā) f

وِيكِيبِيدِيَا (canonical)
wīkībīdiyā (romanization)

ar:ويكيبيديا


طهران

طَهْرَان • (ṭahrān) f

طَهْرَان (canonical)
ṭahrān (romanization)
طَهْرَان (definite diptote informal singular)
طَهْرَانُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
طَهْرَانَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
طَهْرَانَ (definite diptote genitive singular)


محرم

مُحَرَّم • (muḥarram) m

مُحَرَّم (canonical)
muḥarram (romanization)
مُحَرَّم (definite informal singular triptote)
مُحَرَّمٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
مُحَرَّمًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
مُحَرَّمٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Gulf Arabic: محرم (muharram)

→ Persian: محرم (moharram)

→ Chagatai: محرم

→ Uzbek: muharram

From الْمُحَرَّم (al-muḥarram, “the forbidden”), from الشَّهْر الْمُحَرَّم (aš-šahr al-muḥarram), literally "the forbidden month", for being one of the four months in which Arabs forbade fighting, a tradition continued in Islam. The month is of special importance for Shia Muslims, for being the month in which the Battle of Karbala occurred.

Muharram, the first of the twelve months of the Muslim lunar calendar, each beginning on a new moon.

رَبِيع الْآخِررَبِيع الثَّانِي

rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī

جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةجُمَادَى الثَّانِي

jumādā ṯ-ṯānī

كَانُون الثَّانِي

kānūn aṯ-ṯānī


صفر

صَفَر • (ṣafar) m (plural أَصْفَار (ʔaṣfār))

صَفَر (canonical)
ṣafar (romanization)
أَصْفَار (plural)
صَفَر (definite informal singular triptote)
صَفَرٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
صَفَرًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
صَفَرٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)
صَفَرَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
صَفَرَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
صَفَرَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
صَفَرَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
أَصْفَار (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
أَصْفَارٌ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
أَصْفَارًا (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
أَصْفَارٍ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)

From ص ف ر (ṣ f r, “void”), supposedly because pagan Arabs looted during this month and left the houses empty.

Safar, the second of the twelve months of the Muslim lunar calendar, each beginning with a new moon.

رَبِيع الْآخِررَبِيع الثَّانِي

rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī

جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةجُمَادَى الثَّانِي

jumādā ṯ-ṯānī


ربيع الأول

رَبِيع الْأَوَّل

رَبِيع الْأَوَّل • (rabīʕ al-ʔawwal) m

رَبِيع الْأَوَّل (canonical)
rabīʕ al-ʔawwal (romanization)
رَبِيع الْأَوَّل (definite informal singular triptote)
رَبِيعٌ الْأَوَّلُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
رَبِيعًا الْأَوَّلَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

desc

→ Chinese: 賴比爾·敖外魯月 /赖比尔·敖外鲁月 (Làibǐ'ěr-Áowàilǔ yuè)

Rabi I, the third of the twelve months of the Muslim lunar calendar, each beginning with a new moon.

رَبِيع الْآخِررَبِيع الثَّانِي

rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī

جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةجُمَادَى الثَّانِي

jumādā ṯ-ṯānī


ربيع الآخر

ar-proper noun

رَبِيع الْآخِر

رَبِيع الْآخِر • (rabīʕ al-ʔāḵir) m

رَبِيع الْآخِر (canonical)
rabīʕ al-ʔāḵir (romanization)
رَبِيع الْآخِر (definite informal singular triptote)
رَبِيعٌ الْآخِرُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
رَبِيعًا الْآخِرَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
رَبِيعٍ الْآخِرِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Rabi II, the fourth of the twelve months of the Muslim lunar calendar, each beginning with a new moon.

رَبِيع الْآخِررَبِيع الثَّانِي

rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī

جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةجُمَادَى الثَّانِي

jumādā ṯ-ṯānī


جمادى الأولى

جُمَادَى الْأُولَى

جُمَادَى الْأُولَى • (jumādā l-ʔūlā) f

جُمَادَى الْأُولَى (canonical)
jumādā l-ʔūlā (romanization)
جُمَادَى الْأُولَى (definite informal invariable singular)
جُمَادَى الْأُولَى (definite invariable nominative singular)
جُمَادَى الْأُولَى (accusative definite invariable singular)
جُمَادَى الْأُولَى (definite genitive invariable singular)
جُمَادَى اَلْأَوَّل (alternative)

Jumada I, the fifth of the twelve months of the Muslim lunar calendar, each beginning with a new moon.

رَبِيع الْآخِررَبِيع الثَّانِي

rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī

جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةجُمَادَى الثَّانِي

jumādā ṯ-ṯānī


جمادى الآخرة

جُمَادَى الْآخِرَة

جُمَادَى الْآخِرَة • (jumādā l-ʔāḵira) f

جُمَادَى الْآخِرَة (canonical)
jumādā l-ʔāḵira (romanization)
جُمَادَى الْآخِرَة (definite informal invariable singular)
جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةُ (definite invariable nominative singular)
جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةَ (accusative definite invariable singular)
جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةِ (definite genitive invariable singular)
جُمَادَى الْآخِر (alternative)

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: جماذی الاخر (cemāz̠īyu ’l-āḫir)

Jumada II, the sixth of the twelve months of the Muslim lunar calendar, each beginning with a new moon.

رَبِيع الْآخِررَبِيع الثَّانِي

rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī

جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةجُمَادَى الثَّانِي

jumādā ṯ-ṯānī


رجب

رَجَب (canonical)
rajab (romanization)
رَجَب (definite informal singular triptote)
رَجَبٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
رَجَبًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
رَجَبٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

→ Azerbaijani: Rəcəb

→ Classical Persian: رجب (rajab)

Persian: رجب (rajab)

Tajik: раҷаб (rajab)

→ Kazakh:

Arabic script: ەرەجەپ

Cyrillic script: ережеп (erejep)

→ Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: recep, Recep

→ English: Rajab

→ Bashkir: Рәжәп (Rəjəp)

Islamic calendar
Islamic calendar#English

Rajab (the seventh month of the Islamic calendar)

رَبِيع الْآخِررَبِيع الثَّانِي

rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī

جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةجُمَادَى الثَّانِي

jumādā ṯ-ṯānī


شعبان

ar-proper noun

شَعْبَان • (šaʕbān) m

شَعْبَان (canonical)
šaʕbān (romanization)
شَعْبَان (definite diptote informal singular)
شَعْبَانُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
شَعْبَانَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
شَعْبَانَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Ottoman Turkish: شعبان (şaban)

Turkish: Şaban

→ Chinese: 舍爾邦月 /舍尔邦月 (Shè'ěrbāngyuè)

→ Swahili: Shaabani

From شَعَبَ (šaʕaba, “to scatter, to disperse”). The term literally means "scattered" in Arabic, and is the time when ancient people dispersed to find water.

Sha'ban, the eighth of the twelve months of the Muslim lunar calendar, each beginning with a new moon.

رَبِيع الْآخِررَبِيع الثَّانِي

rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī

جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةجُمَادَى الثَّانِي

jumādā ṯ-ṯānī


شوال

شَوَّال • (šawwāl) m (plural شَوَّالَات (šawwālāt) or شَوَاوِيل (šawāwīl))

شَوَّال (canonical)
šawwāl (romanization)
شَوَّالَات (plural)
شَوَاوِيل (plural)
شَوَّال (definite informal singular triptote)
شَوَّالٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
شَوَّالًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
شَوَّالٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)
شَوَّالَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
شَوَّالَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
شَوَّالَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
شَوَّالَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
شَوَّالَات (broken-form definite diptote informal plural)
شَوَّالَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
شَوَاوِيل (broken-form definite diptote informal plural)
شَوَاوِيل (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
شَوَّالَاتٌ (broken-form definite diptote nominative plural)
شَوَّالَاتٌ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
شَوَاوِيلُ (broken-form definite diptote nominative plural)
شَوَاوِيلُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
شَوَّالَاتٍ (accusative broken-form definite diptote plural)
شَوَّالَاتٍ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
شَوَاوِيلَ (accusative broken-form definite diptote plural)
شَوَاوِيلَ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
شَوَّالَاتٍ (broken-form definite diptote genitive plural)
شَوَّالَاتٍ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
شَوَاوِيلَ (broken-form definite diptote genitive plural)
شَوَاوِيلَ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)

Supposedly named because the she-camels begin to raise their tails during this time after giving birth.

Shawwal, the tenth of the twelve months of the Muslim lunar calendar, each beginning with a new moon.

رَبِيع الْآخِررَبِيع الثَّانِي

rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī

جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةجُمَادَى الثَّانِي

jumādā ṯ-ṯānī


ذو القعدة

ذُو الْقَعْدَة

ذُو الْقَعْدَة • (ḏū l-qaʕda) m

ذُو الْقَعْدَة (canonical)
ḏū l-qaʕda (romanization)
ذُو الْقَعْدَة (definite informal long-construct singular)
ذُو الْقَعْدَةِ (definite long-construct nominative singular)
ذَا الْقَعْدَةِ (accusative definite long-construct singular)
ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ (definite genitive long-construct singular)

Literally, “the one of the sitting place”. Here, “sitting place” refers to making truces, since wars were forbidden in this month.

lit

Dhu'l-Qa'da, the eleventh of the twelve months of the Muslim lunar calendar, each beginning with a new moon.

رَبِيع الْآخِررَبِيع الثَّانِي

rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī

جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةجُمَادَى الثَّانِي

jumādā ṯ-ṯānī


ذو الحجة

ar-proper noun

ذُو الْحِجَّة

ذُو الْحِجَّة • (ḏū l-ḥijja) m

ذُو الْحِجَّة (canonical)
ḏū l-ḥijja (romanization)
ذُو الْحِجَّة (definite informal long-construct singular)
ذُو الْحِجَّةِ (definite long-construct nominative singular)
ذَا الْحِجَّةِ (accusative definite long-construct singular)
ذِي الْحِجَّةِ (definite genitive long-construct singular)

Literally, “the one [month] of the pilgrimage”, since the hajj is done in this month.

lit

Dhu'l-Hijja, the twelfth and last of the twelve months of the Muslim lunar calendar, each beginning with a new moon.

رَبِيع الْآخِررَبِيع الثَّانِي

rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī

جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةجُمَادَى الثَّانِي

jumādā ṯ-ṯānī


ربيع الثاني

ar-proper noun

رَبِيع الثَّانِي

رَبِيع الثَّانِي • (rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī) m

رَبِيع الثَّانِي (canonical)
rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī (romanization)
رَبِيع الثَّانِي (definite informal singular triptote)
رَبِيعٌ الثَّانِي (definite nominative singular triptote)
رَبِيعًا الثَّانِيَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
رَبِيعٍ الثَّانِي (definite genitive singular triptote)

رَبِيع ٱلْآخِر
ربيع الآخر#Arabic

synonym of رَبِيع ٱلْآخِر (rabīʕ l-ʔāḵir)

رَبِيع الْآخِررَبِيع الثَّانِي

rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī

جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةجُمَادَى الثَّانِي

jumādā ṯ-ṯānī


جمادى الثاني

جُمَادَى الثَّانِي

جُمَادَى الثَّانِي • (jumādā ṯ-ṯānī) m

جُمَادَى الثَّانِي (canonical)
jumādā ṯ-ṯānī (romanization)
جُمَادَى الثَّانِي (definite informal invariable singular)
جُمَادَى الثَّانِي (definite invariable nominative singular)
جُمَادَى الثَّانِيَ (accusative definite invariable singular)
جُمَادَى الثَّانِي (definite genitive invariable singular)

جُمَادَى الثَّانِيَة
جمادى الثانية#Arabic

(proscribed, nonstandard) alternative form of جُمَادَى الثَّانِيَة (jumādā ṯ-ṯāniya)

رَبِيع الْآخِررَبِيع الثَّانِي

rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī

جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةجُمَادَى الثَّانِي

jumādā ṯ-ṯānī


الخميس

الْخَمِيس • (al-ḵamīs) m

الْخَمِيس (canonical)
al-ḵamīs (romanization)
خَمِيس (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْخَمِيس (definite informal singular triptote)
خَمِيس (construct informal singular triptote)
خَمِيسٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْخَمِيسُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
خَمِيسُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
خَمِيسًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْخَمِيسَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
خَمِيسَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
خَمِيسٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْخَمِيسِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
خَمِيسِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
خَمِيسَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْخَمِيسَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
خَمِيسَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
خَمِيسَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْخَمِيسَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
خَمِيسَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
خَمِيسَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْخَمِيسَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
خَمِيسَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
خَمِيسَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْخَمِيسَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
خَمِيسَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
أَخْمِسَاء (ar-infl-a broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural triptote)
أَخْمِسَة (ar-infl-a broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural triptote)
أَخَامِس (ar-infl-a broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural triptote)
الْأَخْمِسَاء (ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote informal plural triptote)
الْأَخْمِسَة (ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote informal plural triptote)
الْأَخَامِس (ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote informal plural triptote)
أَخْمِسَاء (ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote informal plural triptote)
أَخْمِسَة (ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote informal plural triptote)
أَخَامِس (ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote informal plural triptote)
أَخْمِسَاءُ (ar-infl-a broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural triptote)
أَخْمِسَةٌ (ar-infl-a broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural triptote)
أَخَامِسُ (ar-infl-a broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural triptote)
الْأَخْمِسَاءُ (ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote nominative plural triptote)
الْأَخْمِسَةُ (ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote nominative plural triptote)
الْأَخَامِسُ (ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote nominative plural triptote)
أَخْمِسَاءُ (ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote nominative plural triptote)
أَخْمِسَةُ (ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote nominative plural triptote)
أَخَامِسُ (ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote nominative plural triptote)
أَخْمِسَاءَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form diptote indefinite plural triptote)
أَخْمِسَةً (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form diptote indefinite plural triptote)
أَخَامِسَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form diptote indefinite plural triptote)
الْأَخْمِسَاءَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote plural triptote)
الْأَخْمِسَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote plural triptote)
الْأَخَامِسَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote plural triptote)
أَخْمِسَاءَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote plural triptote)
أَخْمِسَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote plural triptote)
أَخَامِسَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote plural triptote)
أَخْمِسَاءَ (ar-infl-a broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural triptote)
أَخْمِسَةٍ (ar-infl-a broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural triptote)
أَخَامِسَ (ar-infl-a broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural triptote)
الْأَخْمِسَاءِ (ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote genitive plural triptote)
الْأَخْمِسَةِ (ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote genitive plural triptote)
الْأَخَامِسِ (ar-infl-a broken-form definite diptote genitive plural triptote)
أَخْمِسَاءِ (ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote genitive plural triptote)
أَخْمِسَةِ (ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote genitive plural triptote)
أَخَامِسِ (ar-infl-a broken-form construct diptote genitive plural triptote)

→ Afar: kamíis

→ Maguindanao: Kammis

→ Malagasy: alakamisy

→ Malay: Khamis

→ Indonesian: Khamis

→ Maranao: Kamis

→ Swahili: Alhamisi

From the root of خَمْس (ḵams, “five”), taking a form that is common in adjectives: فَعِيل (faʕīl), as a phono-semantic matching of Classical Syriac ܚܰܡܶܫ ܒܫܱܒܴ݁ܐ (ḥammeš bəšabbā). Displaced مُؤْنِس (muʔnis).

psm

ܚܰܡܶܫ ܒܫܱܒܴ݁ܐ

الْخَمِيسُ يَوْمُ إِجَازَةٍ فِي بَعْضِ ٱلْبُلْدَانِ ٱلْعَرَبِيَّةِ.

al-ḵamīsu yawmu ʔijāzatin fī baʕḍi l-buldāni l-ʕarabiyyati.

Thursday is a day off in some Arab countries.


الجمعة

ar-proper noun

الْجُمُعَة or الْجُمْعَة or الْجُمَعَة • (al-jumuʕa or al-jumʕa or al-jumaʕa) f

الْجُمُعَة (canonical)
الْجُمْعَة (canonical)
الْجُمَعَة (canonical)
al-jumuʕa (romanization)
al-jumʕa (romanization)
al-jumaʕa (romanization)
الْجُمُعَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
الْجُمْعَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
الْجُمَعَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
الْجُمُعَةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
الْجُمْعَةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
الْجُمَعَةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
الْجُمُعَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
الْجُمْعَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
الْجُمَعَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
الْجُمُعَةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)
الْجُمْعَةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)
الْجُمَعَةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

Maltese: il-Ġimgħa

→ Afar: gumqát

→ Azerbaijani: cümə

→ Bashkir: йома (yoma)

⇒ Bengali: জুম্মাবার (jummabar)

⇒ Chinese:

→ Dungan: җўма (žwma)

→ Crimean Tatar: cuma

→ Farefare: Arzũma

→ Karakalpak: juma

→ Kazakh: жұма (jūma)

→ Northern Kurdish: cume

→ Kyrgyz: жума (juma)

→ Lezgi: жумя (žumä)

→ Malagasy: zoma

→ Malay:

Arabic script: جمعة

Latin script: Jumaat
Indonesian: Jumat

→ Moore: Arzũma

→ Pashto: جمعه (ǰum'á)

→ Persian: جمعه (jom'e)

→ Rohingya: jumá

→ Swahili: juma, Ijumaa

→ Tajik: ҷумъа (jum'a)

→ Tatar: җомга (comga)

→ Turkish: cuma

→ Turkmen: juma

→ Urdu: جمعہ (jum'ā)

→ Uyghur: جۈمە (jüme)

→ Uzbek: juma

→ Wolof: àjjuma


الإثنين

head

الإِثْنَيْن • (al-ʔiṯnayn) m

الإِثْنَيْن (canonical)
al-ʔiṯnayn (romanization)

الاِثْنَيْن الاثنين#Arabic


الثلاثاء

ar-proper noun

الثُّلَاثَاء

الثَّلَاثَاء

الثُّلَاثَاء or الثَّلَاثَاء • (aṯ-ṯulāṯāʔ or aṯ-ṯalāṯāʔ) m

الثُّلَاثَاء (canonical)
الثَّلَاثَاء (canonical)
aṯ-ṯulāṯāʔ (romanization)
aṯ-ṯalāṯāʔ (romanization)
الثُّلَاثَاء (definite diptote informal singular)
الثَّلَاثَاء (definite diptote informal singular)
الثُّلَاثَاءُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
الثَّلَاثَاءُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
الثُّلَاثَاءَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
الثَّلَاثَاءَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
الثُّلَاثَاءِ (definite diptote genitive singular)
الثَّلَاثَاءِ (definite diptote genitive singular)
ثُلَاثَاء (diptote indefinite informal singular)
ثَلَاثَاء (diptote indefinite informal singular)
الثُّلَاثَاء (definite diptote informal singular)
الثَّلَاثَاء (definite diptote informal singular)
ثُلَاثَاء (construct diptote informal singular)
ثَلَاثَاء (construct diptote informal singular)
ثُلَاثَاءُ (diptote indefinite nominative singular)
ثَلَاثَاءُ (diptote indefinite nominative singular)
الثُّلَاثَاءُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
الثَّلَاثَاءُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
ثُلَاثَاءُ (construct diptote nominative singular)
ثَلَاثَاءُ (construct diptote nominative singular)
ثُلَاثَاءَ (accusative diptote indefinite singular)
ثَلَاثَاءَ (accusative diptote indefinite singular)
الثُّلَاثَاءَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
الثَّلَاثَاءَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
ثُلَاثَاءَ (accusative construct diptote singular)
ثَلَاثَاءَ (accusative construct diptote singular)
ثُلَاثَاءَ (diptote genitive indefinite singular)
ثَلَاثَاءَ (diptote genitive indefinite singular)
الثُّلَاثَاءِ (definite diptote genitive singular)
الثَّلَاثَاءِ (definite diptote genitive singular)
ثُلَاثَاءِ (construct diptote genitive singular)
ثَلَاثَاءِ (construct diptote genitive singular)
ثُلَاثَاءَيْن (diptote dual indefinite informal singular)
ثُلَاثَاوَيْن (diptote dual indefinite informal singular)
ثَلَاثَاءَيْن (diptote dual indefinite informal singular)
ثَلَاثَاوَيْن (diptote dual indefinite informal singular)
الثُّلَاثَاءَيْن (definite diptote dual informal singular)
الثُّلَاثَاوَيْن (definite diptote dual informal singular)
الثَّلَاثَاءَيْن (definite diptote dual informal singular)
الثَّلَاثَاوَيْن (definite diptote dual informal singular)
ثُلَاثَاءَيْ (construct diptote dual informal singular)
ثُلَاثَاوَيْ (construct diptote dual informal singular)
ثَلَاثَاءَيْ (construct diptote dual informal singular)
ثَلَاثَاوَيْ (construct diptote dual informal singular)
ثُلَاثَاءَانِ (diptote dual indefinite nominative singular)
ثُلَاثَاوَانِ (diptote dual indefinite nominative singular)
ثَلَاثَاءَانِ (diptote dual indefinite nominative singular)
ثَلَاثَاوَانِ (diptote dual indefinite nominative singular)
الثُّلَاثَاءَانِ (definite diptote dual nominative singular)
الثُّلَاثَاوَانِ (definite diptote dual nominative singular)
الثَّلَاثَاءَانِ (definite diptote dual nominative singular)
الثَّلَاثَاوَانِ (definite diptote dual nominative singular)
ثُلَاثَاءَا (construct diptote dual nominative singular)
ثُلَاثَاوَا (construct diptote dual nominative singular)
ثَلَاثَاءَا (construct diptote dual nominative singular)
ثَلَاثَاوَا (construct diptote dual nominative singular)
ثُلَاثَاءَيْنِ (accusative diptote dual indefinite singular)
ثُلَاثَاوَيْنِ (accusative diptote dual indefinite singular)
ثَلَاثَاءَيْنِ (accusative diptote dual indefinite singular)
ثَلَاثَاوَيْنِ (accusative diptote dual indefinite singular)
الثُّلَاثَاءَيْنِ (accusative definite diptote dual singular)
الثُّلَاثَاوَيْنِ (accusative definite diptote dual singular)
الثَّلَاثَاءَيْنِ (accusative definite diptote dual singular)
الثَّلَاثَاوَيْنِ (accusative definite diptote dual singular)
ثُلَاثَاءَيْ (accusative construct diptote dual singular)
ثُلَاثَاوَيْ (accusative construct diptote dual singular)
ثَلَاثَاءَيْ (accusative construct diptote dual singular)
ثَلَاثَاوَيْ (accusative construct diptote dual singular)
ثُلَاثَاءَيْنِ (diptote dual genitive indefinite singular)
ثُلَاثَاوَيْنِ (diptote dual genitive indefinite singular)
ثَلَاثَاءَيْنِ (diptote dual genitive indefinite singular)
ثَلَاثَاوَيْنِ (diptote dual genitive indefinite singular)
الثُّلَاثَاءَيْنِ (definite diptote dual genitive singular)
الثُّلَاثَاوَيْنِ (definite diptote dual genitive singular)
الثَّلَاثَاءَيْنِ (definite diptote dual genitive singular)
الثَّلَاثَاوَيْنِ (definite diptote dual genitive singular)
ثُلَاثَاءَيْ (construct diptote dual genitive singular)
ثُلَاثَاوَيْ (construct diptote dual genitive singular)
ثَلَاثَاءَيْ (construct diptote dual genitive singular)
ثَلَاثَاوَيْ (construct diptote dual genitive singular)
ثُلَاثَاءَات (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
ثُلَاثَاوَات (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
ثَلَاثَاءَات (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
ثَلَاثَاوَات (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
الثُّلَاثَاءَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
الثُّلَاثَاوَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
الثَّلَاثَاءَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
الثَّلَاثَاوَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
ثُلَاثَاءَات (construct feminine informal plural sound-form)
ثُلَاثَاوَات (construct feminine informal plural sound-form)
ثَلَاثَاءَات (construct feminine informal plural sound-form)
ثَلَاثَاوَات (construct feminine informal plural sound-form)
ثُلَاثَاءَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
ثُلَاثَاوَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
ثَلَاثَاءَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
ثَلَاثَاوَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
الثُّلَاثَاءَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
الثُّلَاثَاوَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
الثَّلَاثَاءَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
الثَّلَاثَاوَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
ثُلَاثَاءَاتُ (construct feminine nominative plural sound-form)
ثُلَاثَاوَاتُ (construct feminine nominative plural sound-form)
ثَلَاثَاءَاتُ (construct feminine nominative plural sound-form)
ثَلَاثَاوَاتُ (construct feminine nominative plural sound-form)
ثُلَاثَاءَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
ثُلَاثَاوَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
ثَلَاثَاءَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
ثَلَاثَاوَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
الثُّلَاثَاءَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
الثُّلَاثَاوَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
الثَّلَاثَاءَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
الثَّلَاثَاوَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
ثُلَاثَاءَاتِ (accusative construct feminine plural sound-form)
ثُلَاثَاوَاتِ (accusative construct feminine plural sound-form)
ثَلَاثَاءَاتِ (accusative construct feminine plural sound-form)
ثَلَاثَاوَاتِ (accusative construct feminine plural sound-form)
ثُلَاثَاءَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
ثُلَاثَاوَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
ثَلَاثَاءَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
ثَلَاثَاوَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
الثُّلَاثَاءَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
الثُّلَاثَاوَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
الثَّلَاثَاءَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
الثَّلَاثَاوَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
ثُلَاثَاءَاتِ (construct feminine genitive plural sound-form)
ثُلَاثَاوَاتِ (construct feminine genitive plural sound-form)
ثَلَاثَاءَاتِ (construct feminine genitive plural sound-form)
ثَلَاثَاوَاتِ (construct feminine genitive plural sound-form)
الثُّلَثَاء (alternative)
الثَّلَثَاء (alternative)

ar-decl-noun

ثُلَاثَاء:di

ثَلَاثَاء:di

ثُلَاثَاء:di

ثَلَاثَاء:di

ثُلَاثَاءَان

ثُلَاثَاوَانِ

ثَلَاثَاءَان

ثَلَاثَاوَانِ

ثُلَاثَاءَات

ثُلَاثَاوَات

ثَلَاثَاءَات

ثَلَاثَاوَات

→ Afar: talaatá

→ Farefare: Atalaata

→ Malagasy: talata

→ Malay: Selasa

→ Moore: talaato

→ Wolof: talaata

Phono-semantic matching of Classical Syriac ܬܠܴܬܴܐ ܒܫܱܒܴ݁ܐ (təlāṯā bəšabbā). Displaced جُبَار (jubār).

psm

ܬܠܴܬܴܐ ܒܫܱܒܴ݁ܐ

təlāṯā bəšabbā


الأربعاء

ar-proper noun

الْأَرْبِعَاء

الْأَرْبِعَاء • (al-ʔarbiʕāʔ) m

الْأَرْبِعَاء (canonical)
al-ʔarbiʕāʔ (romanization)
أَرْبَعَاء (diptote indefinite informal singular)
الْأَرْبَعَاء (definite diptote informal singular)
أَرْبَعَاء (construct diptote informal singular)
أَرْبَعَاءُ (diptote indefinite nominative singular)
الْأَرْبَعَاءُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
أَرْبَعَاءُ (construct diptote nominative singular)
أَرْبَعَاءَ (accusative diptote indefinite singular)
الْأَرْبَعَاءَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
أَرْبَعَاءَ (accusative construct diptote singular)
أَرْبَعَاءَ (diptote genitive indefinite singular)
الْأَرْبَعَاءِ (definite diptote genitive singular)
أَرْبَعَاءِ (construct diptote genitive singular)
أَرْبِعَاوَيْن (diptote dual indefinite informal singular)
أَرْبِعَاءَيْن (diptote dual indefinite informal singular)
الْأَرْبِعَاوَيْن (definite diptote dual informal singular)
الْأَرْبِعَاءَيْن (definite diptote dual informal singular)
أَرْبِعَاوَيْ (construct diptote dual informal singular)
أَرْبِعَاءَيْ (construct diptote dual informal singular)
أَرْبِعَاوَانِ (diptote dual indefinite nominative singular)
أَرْبِعَاءَانِ (diptote dual indefinite nominative singular)
الْأَرْبِعَاوَانِ (definite diptote dual nominative singular)
الْأَرْبِعَاءَانِ (definite diptote dual nominative singular)
أَرْبِعَاوَا (construct diptote dual nominative singular)
أَرْبِعَاءَا (construct diptote dual nominative singular)
أَرْبِعَاوَيْنِ (accusative diptote dual indefinite singular)
أَرْبِعَاءَيْنِ (accusative diptote dual indefinite singular)
الْأَرْبِعَاوَيْنِ (accusative definite diptote dual singular)
الْأَرْبِعَاءَيْنِ (accusative definite diptote dual singular)
أَرْبِعَاوَيْ (accusative construct diptote dual singular)
أَرْبِعَاءَيْ (accusative construct diptote dual singular)
أَرْبِعَاوَيْنِ (diptote dual genitive indefinite singular)
أَرْبِعَاءَيْنِ (diptote dual genitive indefinite singular)
الْأَرْبِعَاوَيْنِ (definite diptote dual genitive singular)
الْأَرْبِعَاءَيْنِ (definite diptote dual genitive singular)
أَرْبِعَاوَيْ (construct diptote dual genitive singular)
أَرْبِعَاءَيْ (construct diptote dual genitive singular)
أَرْبِعَاوَات (broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural)
أَرْبِعَاوَات (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
أَرْبِعَاءَات (broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural)
أَرْبِعَاءَات (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
أَرَابِيع (broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural)
أَرَابِيع (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
الْأَرْبِعَاوَات (broken-form definite diptote informal plural)
الْأَرْبِعَاوَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
الْأَرْبِعَاءَات (broken-form definite diptote informal plural)
الْأَرْبِعَاءَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
الْأَرَابِيع (broken-form definite diptote informal plural)
الْأَرَابِيع (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
أَرْبِعَاوَات (broken-form construct diptote informal plural)
أَرْبِعَاوَات (construct feminine informal plural sound-form)
أَرْبِعَاءَات (broken-form construct diptote informal plural)
أَرْبِعَاءَات (construct feminine informal plural sound-form)
أَرَابِيع (broken-form construct diptote informal plural)
أَرَابِيع (construct feminine informal plural sound-form)
أَرْبِعَاوَاتٌ (broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural)
أَرْبِعَاوَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
أَرْبِعَاءَاتٌ (broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural)
أَرْبِعَاءَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
أَرَابِيعُ (broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural)
أَرَابِيعُ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
الْأَرْبِعَاوَاتُ (broken-form definite diptote nominative plural)
الْأَرْبِعَاوَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
الْأَرْبِعَاءَاتُ (broken-form definite diptote nominative plural)
الْأَرْبِعَاءَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
الْأَرَابِيعُ (broken-form definite diptote nominative plural)
الْأَرَابِيعُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
أَرْبِعَاوَاتُ (broken-form construct diptote nominative plural)
أَرْبِعَاوَاتُ (construct feminine nominative plural sound-form)
أَرْبِعَاءَاتُ (broken-form construct diptote nominative plural)
أَرْبِعَاءَاتُ (construct feminine nominative plural sound-form)
أَرَابِيعُ (broken-form construct diptote nominative plural)
أَرَابِيعُ (construct feminine nominative plural sound-form)
أَرْبِعَاوَاتٍ (accusative broken-form diptote indefinite plural)
أَرْبِعَاوَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
أَرْبِعَاءَاتٍ (accusative broken-form diptote indefinite plural)
أَرْبِعَاءَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
أَرَابِيعَ (accusative broken-form diptote indefinite plural)
أَرَابِيعَ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
الْأَرْبِعَاوَاتِ (accusative broken-form definite diptote plural)
الْأَرْبِعَاوَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
الْأَرْبِعَاءَاتِ (accusative broken-form definite diptote plural)
الْأَرْبِعَاءَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
الْأَرَابِيعَ (accusative broken-form definite diptote plural)
الْأَرَابِيعَ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
أَرْبِعَاوَاتِ (accusative broken-form construct diptote plural)
أَرْبِعَاوَاتِ (accusative construct feminine plural sound-form)
أَرْبِعَاءَاتِ (accusative broken-form construct diptote plural)
أَرْبِعَاءَاتِ (accusative construct feminine plural sound-form)
أَرَابِيعَ (accusative broken-form construct diptote plural)
أَرَابِيعَ (accusative construct feminine plural sound-form)
أَرْبِعَاوَاتٍ (broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural)
أَرْبِعَاوَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
أَرْبِعَاءَاتٍ (broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural)
أَرْبِعَاءَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
أَرَابِيعَ (broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural)
أَرَابِيعَ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
الْأَرْبِعَاوَاتِ (broken-form definite diptote genitive plural)
الْأَرْبِعَاوَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
الْأَرْبِعَاءَاتِ (broken-form definite diptote genitive plural)
الْأَرْبِعَاءَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
الْأَرَابِيعِ (broken-form definite diptote genitive plural)
الْأَرَابِيعِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
أَرْبِعَاوَاتِ (broken-form construct diptote genitive plural)
أَرْبِعَاوَاتِ (construct feminine genitive plural sound-form)
أَرْبِعَاءَاتِ (broken-form construct diptote genitive plural)
أَرْبِعَاءَاتِ (construct feminine genitive plural sound-form)
أَرَابِيعِ (broken-form construct diptote genitive plural)
أَرَابِيعِ (construct feminine genitive plural sound-form)

ar-decl-noun

اَلْأَرْبِعَاء

أَرْبَعَاء:di

أَرْبِعَاوَانِ

أَرْبِعَاءَانِ

أَرْبِعَاوَات:sfp

أَرْبِعَاءَات:sfp

أَرَابِيعُ:di

Hijazi Arabic: ربوع (rabūʕ)

desctree

Yemeni Arabic: ربوع (rabūʕ)
→ Malay: Rabu
> Indonesian: Rabu (inherited)
→ Ternate: Robo, Rabo
→ Betawi: Rebo

→ Afar: arbáq

→ Komering: Robu

→ Malagasy: alarobia

→ Maranao: Arba'a

Phono-semantic matching of Classical Syriac ܐܱܪ̈ܒܥܳܐ ܒܫܱܒܴ݁ܐ (ʔarbəʕā bəšabbā). Displaced دُبَار (dubār).

psm

ܐܱܪ̈ܒܥܳܐ ܒܫܱܒܴ݁ܐ

ʔarbəʕā bəšabbā


كانون الثاني

ar-proper noun

كَانُون الثَّانِي

كَانُون الثَّانِي • (kānūn aṯ-ṯānī) m

كَانُون الثَّانِي (canonical)
kānūn aṯ-ṯānī (romanization)
كَانُون الثَّانِي (definite diptote informal singular)
كَانُونُ الثَّانِي (definite diptote nominative singular)
كَانُونَ الثَّانِيَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
كَانُونَ الثَّانِي (definite diptote genitive singular)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كانون ثانی (kanun-ı sani)
Turkish: kânunusani

→ Persian: کانون ثانی (kânun-e sâni)

January (Solar calendar used in Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, and Iraq)

Previous: كَانُون الْأَوَّل. Next: شُبَاط


شباط

ar-proper noun

شُبَاط • (šubāṭ) m

شُبَاط (canonical)
šubāṭ (romanization)
شُبَاط (definite diptote informal singular)
شُبَاطُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
شُبَاطَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
شُبَاطَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Persian: شباط (šobât)

From Classical Syriac ܫܒܛ (šḇāṭ), ultimately from Akkadian 𒌚𒀾 (Šabāṭum). Cognate with Hebrew שְׁבָט (sh'vat, “Shebat, the eleventh month of the Hebrew lunisolar calendar”).

cognate

February (Solar calendar used in Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, and Iraq)

Previous: كَانُون الثَّانِي. Next: آذَار


آذار

ar-proper noun

آذَار • (ʔāḏār) m

آذَار (canonical)
ʔāḏār (romanization)
آذَار (definite diptote informal singular)
آذَارُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
آذَارَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
آذَارَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Persian: آذار (âzâr)

From Classical Syriac ܐܕܪ (ʾāḏār), ultimately from Akkadian 𒌚𒊺 (addāru). Cognate with Hebrew אֲדָר (ădar, “Aḏar, the twelfth month of the Hebrew lunisolar calendar”).

cognate

March (Solar calendar used in Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Iraq)


نيسان

ar-proper noun

نَيْسَان • (naysān) m

نَيْسَان (canonical)
naysān (romanization)
نَيْسَان (definite informal singular triptote)
نَيْسَانٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
نَيْسَانًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
نَيْسَانٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: نیسان (nisan)
Turkish: nisan
Northern Kurdish: nîsan

→ Persian: نَیسان (neysân)

From Akkadian 𒌚𒁈 (nisannum) through Classical Syriac ܢܝܣܢ (nīsan), but ultimately from Sumerian 𒉠 (nisag̃). Cognate with Hebrew נִיסָן (nisan, “Nisan, the first month of the Hebrew lunisolar calendar”).

cognate

April (Solar calendar used in Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Iraq)


حزيران

ar-proper noun

حَزِيرَان • (ḥazīrān) m

حَزِيرَان (canonical)
ḥazīrān (romanization)
حَزِيرَان (definite diptote informal singular)
حَزِيرَانُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
حَزِيرَانَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
حَزِيرَانَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Persian: حزیران (hazirân)

June (Solar calendar used in Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Iraq)


تموز

تَمُّوز • (tammūz) m

تَمُّوز (canonical)
tammūz (romanization)
تَمُّوز (definite diptote informal singular)
تَمُّوزُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
تَمُّوزَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
تَمُّوزَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Persian: تمّوز (tammuz)

From Classical Syriac ܬܡܘܙ (tāmūz), ultimately from Akkadian 𒌚𒋗 (dumuzu). Cognate with Hebrew תַּמּוּז (tammuz, “Tammuz, the fourth month of the Hebrew lunisolar calendar”).

cognate

July (Solar calendar used in Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Iraq)


تشرين الأول

ar-proper noun

تِشْرِين الْأَوَّل

تِشْرِين الْأَوَّل • (tišrīn al-ʔawwal) m

تِشْرِين الْأَوَّل (canonical)
tišrīn al-ʔawwal (romanization)
تِشْرِين الْأَوَّل (definite diptote informal singular)
تِشْرِينُ الْأَوَّلُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
تِشْرِينَ الْأَوَّلَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
تِشْرِينَ الْأَوَّلِ (definite diptote genitive singular)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: تشرین اول (teşrin-i evvel)
Turkish: teşrinievvel

desc

تِشرینِ اوّل

→ Persian: تِشرینِ اوّل (tešrin-e avval)

From تِشْرِين (tišrīn), from Classical Syriac ܬܫܪܝܢ (tešrīn, “autumn month”), ultimately from Akkadian 𒌚𒇯 (tišritum), and cognate with Hebrew תִּשְׁרֵי (tišrei, “Tishrei, the seventh month of the Hebrew lunisolar calendar”) + الْأَوَّل (al-ʔawwal, “the first”), as this month is considered the first month of autumn.

cognate

(Mashreq, especially Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, Iraq) October (tenth month of the Gregorian and Julian calendars)

Previous: أَيْلُول. Next: تِشْرِين الثَّانِي


تشرين الثاني

ar-proper noun

تِشْرِين الثَّانِي

تِشْرِين الثَّانِي • (tišrīn aṯ-ṯānī) m

تِشْرِين الثَّانِي (canonical)
tišrīn aṯ-ṯānī (romanization)
تِشْرِين الثَّانِي (definite diptote informal singular)
تِشْرِينُ الثَّانِي (definite diptote nominative singular)
تِشْرِينَ الثَّانِيَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
تِشْرِينَ الثَّانِي (definite diptote genitive singular)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: تشرین ثانی (teşrin-i sani)
Turkish: teşrinisani

desc

تِشرینِ ثانی

→ Persian: تِشرینِ ثانی (tešrin-e sâni)

From تِشْرِين (tišrīn), from Classical Syriac ܬܫܪܝܢ (tešrīn, “autumn month”), ultimately from Akkadian 𒌚𒇯 (tišritum), and cognate with Hebrew תִּשְׁרֵי (tišrei, “Tishrei, the seventh month of the Hebrew lunisolar calendar”) + الثَّانِي (aṯ-ṯānī, “the second”), as this month is considered the second month of autumn.

(Mashreq, especially Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, Iraq) November (tenth month of the Gregorian and Julian calendars)

Previous: تِشْرِين الْأَوَّل. Next: كَانُون الْأَوَّل


كانون الأول

ar-proper noun

كَانُون الْأَوَّل

كَانُون الْأَوَّل • (kānūn al-ʔawwal) m

كَانُون الْأَوَّل (canonical)
kānūn al-ʔawwal (romanization)
كَانُون الْأَوَّل (definite diptote informal singular)
كَانُونُ الْأَوَّلُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
كَانُونَ الْأَوَّلَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
كَانُونَ الْأَوَّلِ (definite diptote genitive singular)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كانون اول (kanun-ı evvel)
Turkish: kânunuevvel

→ Persian: کانون اول (kânun-e avval)

December (Solar calendar used in Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, and Iraq)

kānūn aṯ-ṯānī

Previous: تِشْرِين الثَّانِي. Next: كَانُون الثَّانِي


يناير

ar-proper noun

يَنَايِر • (yanāyir) m

يَنَايِر (canonical)
yanāyir (romanization)
يَنَايِر (definite diptote informal singular)
يَنَايِرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
يَنَايِرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
يَنَايِرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

January (first month of the Gregorian calendar)


فبراير

فِبْرَايِر • (fibrāyir) m

فِبْرَايِر (canonical)
fibrāyir (romanization)
فِبْرَايِر (definite diptote informal singular)
فِبْرَايِرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
فِبْرَايِرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
فِبْرَايِرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

فِبْرَايِر:di

February (second month of the Gregorian calendar)


البوسنة والهرسك

ar-proper noun

الْبُوسْنَة وَٱلْهِرْسِك

الْبُوسْنَة وَٱلْهِرْسِك • (al-būsna wa-l-hirsik) f

الْبُوسْنَة وَٱلْهِرْسِك (canonical)
al-būsna wa-l-hirsik (romanization)
الْبُوسْنَة وَالْهِرْسِك (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
الْبُوسْنَةُ وَالْهِرْسِكُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
الْبُوسْنَةَ وَالْهِرْسِكَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
الْبُوسْنَةِ وَالْهِرْسِكِ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)

ar:البوسنة والهرسك


مارس

مَارِس • (māris) m

مَارِس (canonical)
māris (romanization)
مَارِس (definite diptote informal singular)
مَارِسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
مَارِسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
مَارِسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

March (third month of the Gregorian calendar)


أبريل

أَبْرِيل • (ʔabrīl) m

أَبْرِيل (canonical)
ʔabrīl (romanization)
أَبْرِيل (definite diptote informal singular)
أَبْرِيلُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
أَبْرِيلَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
أَبْرِيلَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
إِبْرِيل (alternative)
أَفْرِيل (alternative)

April (fourth month of the Gregorian calendar)


مايو

مَايُو • (māyū) m

مَايُو (canonical)
māyū (romanization)
مَايُو (definite informal invariable singular)
مَايُو (definite invariable nominative singular)
مَايُو (accusative definite invariable singular)
مَايُو (definite genitive invariable singular)
مَاي (alternative)
مَايُه (alternative al-Andalus)

May (fifth month of the Gregorian calendar)


يونيو

يُونْيُو • (yūnyū or yūnyō) m

يُونْيُو (canonical)
yūnyū (romanization)
yūnyō (romanization)
يُونْيُو (definite informal invariable singular)
يُونْيُو (definite informal invariable singular)
يُونْيُو (definite invariable nominative singular)
يُونْيُو (definite invariable nominative singular)
يُونْيُو (accusative definite invariable singular)
يُونْيُو (accusative definite invariable singular)
يُونْيُو (definite genitive invariable singular)
يُونْيُو (definite genitive invariable singular)
يُونِيُه (alternative al-Andalus)
يُونْيُوز (alternative)

ar-decl-noun

يُونْيُو/yūnyō

June (sixth month of the Gregorian calendar)


يوليو

ar-proper noun

يُولْيُو • (yūlyū or yūlyō) m

يُولْيُو (canonical)
yūlyū (romanization)
yūlyō (romanization)
يُولْيُو (definite informal invariable singular)
يُوليُو (definite informal invariable singular)
يُولْيُو (definite invariable nominative singular)
يُوليُو (definite invariable nominative singular)
يُولْيُو (accusative definite invariable singular)
يُوليُو (accusative definite invariable singular)
يُولْيُو (definite genitive invariable singular)
يُوليُو (definite genitive invariable singular)
يُولْيُوز (alternative)
يُولِيُه (alternative al-Andalus)

ar-decl-noun

يُوليُو/yūlyō

July (seventh month of the Gregorian calendar)


أغسطس

ar-proper noun

أَغُسْطُس • (ʔaḡusṭus) m

أَغُسْطُس (canonical)
ʔaḡusṭus (romanization)
أَغُسْطُس (definite diptote informal singular)
أَغُسْطُسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
أَغُسْطُسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
أَغُسْطُسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
غُشْت (alternative)
أَغُشْت (alternative al-Andalus)
أَغُشْتُه (alternative al-Andalus)

ar-decl-noun

أَغُسْطُس:di

August (eighth month of the Gregorian calendar)


سبتمبر

ar-proper noun

سِبْتِمْبِر or سِبْتَمْبِر or سَبْتَمْبَر or سِبْتِمْبَر • (sibtimbir or sibtambir or sabtambar or sibtimbar) m

سِبْتِمْبِر (canonical)
سِبْتَمْبِر (canonical)
سَبْتَمْبَر (canonical)
سِبْتِمْبَر (canonical)
sibtimbir (romanization)
sibtambir (romanization)
sabtambar (romanization)
sibtimbar (romanization)
سِبْتِمْبِر (definite diptote informal singular)
سِبْتَمْبِر (definite diptote informal singular)
سَبْتَمْبَر (definite diptote informal singular)
سِبْتِمْبِرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
سِبْتَمْبِرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
سَبْتَمْبَرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
سِبْتِمْبِرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
سِبْتَمْبِرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
سَبْتَمْبَرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
سِبْتِمْبِرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
سِبْتَمْبِرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
سَبْتَمْبَرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
شُتَنْبِر (alternative)
شُتَمْبِر (alternative)
سُتَنْبَر (alternative al-Andalus)
شُتَنْبَر (alternative al-Andalus)
شُطَنْبَر (alternative al-Andalus)
أُشْتَنْبَر (alternative al-Andalus)

ar-decl-noun

سِبْتِمْبِر:di

سِبْتَمْبِر:di

سَبْتَمْبَر:di

September (ninth month of the Gregorian calendar)


أكتوبر

ar-proper noun

أُكْتُوبِر or أُكْتُوبَر or أَكْتُوبَر • (ʔuktūbir or ʔuktūbar or ʔaktūbar) m

أُكْتُوبِر (canonical)
أُكْتُوبَر (canonical)
أَكْتُوبَر (canonical)
ʔuktūbir (romanization)
ʔuktūbar (romanization)
ʔaktūbar (romanization)
أُكْتُوبِر (definite diptote informal singular)
أُكْتُوبَر (definite diptote informal singular)
أَكْتُوبَر (definite diptote informal singular)
أُكْتُوبِرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
أُكْتُوبَرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
أَكْتُوبَرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
أُكْتُوبِرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
أُكْتُوبَرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
أَكْتُوبَرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
أُكْتُوبِرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
أُكْتُوبَرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
أَكْتُوبَرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

أُكْتُوبِر:di

أُكْتُوبَر:di

أَكْتُوبَر:di

October (tenth month of the Gregorian calendar)


نوفمبر

ar-proper noun

نُوفِمْبِر or نُوفِمْبَر • (nūfimbir or nūfimbar) m

نُوفِمْبِر (canonical)
نُوفِمْبَر (canonical)
nūfimbir (romanization)
nūfimbar (romanization)
نُوفِمْبِر (definite diptote informal singular)
نُوفِمْبِر (definite diptote informal singular)
نُوفِمْبِرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
نُوفِمْبِرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
نُوفِمْبِرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
نُوفِمْبِرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
نُوفِمْبِرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
نُوفِمْبِرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
نُوَنْبِر (alternative)
نُوَمْبِر (alternative)
نُوبَنْبَر (alternative al-Andalus)
نُبَنْبَر (alternative al-Andalus)
نُوَنْبَر (alternative al-Andalus)
نُفَنْبَر (alternative al-Andalus)

ar-decl-noun

نُوفِمْبِر:di

November (eleventh month of the Gregorian calendar)


الإمارات

ar-proper noun

الْإِمَارَات

الْإِمَارَات • (al-ʔimārāt) f

الْإِمَارَات (canonical)
al-ʔimārāt (romanization)
الْإِمَارَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
الْإِمَارَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
الْإِمَارَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
الْإِمَارَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English:_Q878

Emirates; United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

ar:الإمارات العربية المتحدة

الْإِمَارَات الْعَرَبِيَّة الْمُتَّحِدَة


أمل

أَمَل • (ʔamal) f

أَمَل (canonical)
ʔamal (romanization)
أَمَل (definite diptote informal singular)
أَمَلُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
أَمَلَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
أَمَلَ (definite diptote genitive singular)


كرواتيا

كُرُوَاتِيَا

كُرُوَاتِيَا • (kuruwātiyā) f

كُرُوَاتِيَا (canonical)
kuruwātiyā (romanization)
كُرُوَاتِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
كُرُوَاتِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
كُرُوَاتِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
كُرُوَاتِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

ar-decl-noun

كُرُوَاتِيَا

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


الإسلام

ar-proper noun

الْإِسْلَام • (al-ʔislām) m

الْإِسْلَام (canonical)
al-ʔislām (romanization)
الْإِسْلَام (definite informal singular triptote)
الْإِسْلَامُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْإِسْلَامَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْإِسْلَامِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

The definite form of إِسْلَام (ʔislām, “submission (to the will of God)”), verbal noun of أَسْلَمَ (ʔaslama), from the root س ل م (s l m).

إِنَّ ٱلدِّينَ عِندَ ٱللهِ ٱلۡإِسۡلَــٰمُ ۗ وَمَا ٱخۡتَلَفَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلۡكِتَــٰبَ إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعۡدِ مَا جَآءَهُمُ ٱلۡعِلۡمُ بَغْيًۢا بَيۡنَهُمۡ ۗ وَمَن يَكۡفُرۡ بِـَٔايَـٰتِ ٱللهِ فَإِنَّ ٱللهَ سَرِيعُ ٱلۡحِسَابِ

"Certainly, Allah’s only Way is Islam. [i.e., full submission to the Will of Allah.] Those who were given the Scripture did not dispute ˹among themselves˺ out of mutual envy until knowledge came to them. [No community split into believers and disbelievers until they received the knowledge given by their prophet.] Whoever denies Allah’s signs, then surely Allah is swift in reckoning."

"Inna l-dīna ʼinda l-lahi i-is'lāmu ۗ wamā ikh'talafa alladhīna ūtū l-kitāba illā min baʼdi mā jāahumu l-ʼil'mu baghyan baynahum ۗ waman yakfur biāyāti l-lahi fa-inna l-laha sarīʼu l-ḥisābi"

Islam, the religious system advocated by Muhammad

إِسْلَام إسلام#Arabic


ويكاموس

وِيكَامُوس • (wīkāmūs) m

وِيكَامُوس (canonical)
wīkāmūs (romanization)

Blend of وِيكِي (wīkī, “wiki”) + قَامُوس (qāmūs, “dictionary”).


جدة

جِدَّة (canonical)
جُدَّة (canonical)
jidda (romanization)
judda (romanization)
جِدَّة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
جُدَّة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
جِدَّةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
جُدَّةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
جِدَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
جُدَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
جِدَّةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)
جُدَّةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

Cognate with Aramaic גידא / גודא, a length, a strip, a row, or patch; hence a strip of land by the sea, a tract near a body of water.

cog

Aramaic גידא / גודא

Jeddah (a port city in Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia)


كامل

ar-proper noun

كَامِل • (kāmil) m

كَامِل (canonical)
kāmil (romanization)
كَامِل (definite informal singular triptote)
كَامِلٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
كَامِلًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
كَامِلٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Derived from the active participle of كَمَلَ (kamala, “to be complete, to be finished”) and كَمِلَ (kamila, “to be complete, to be finished”) and كَمُلَ (kamula, “to be complete, to be finished”).


فجر

فَجْر (canonical)
fajr (romanization)
فَجْر (definite informal singular triptote)
فَجْرٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
فَجْرًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
فَجْرٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Gulf Arabic: فير (fayir, “dawn”), فجر (fajir, “given name”)

Hijazi Arabic: فجر (fajir, fajur)

→ English: fajr

→ Bengali: ফজর (phojor)

→ Hausa: alfijir

→ Malay: fajar

→ Indonesian: fajar

→ Javanese: fajar

→ Sundanese: fajar

→ Naga Pidgin: fajir

→ Ottoman Turkish: فجر

Turkish: fecir

→ Punjabi: ਫ਼ਜਰ (fajar)

desctree

→ Persian: فجر (fajr)
→ Urdu: فجر (fajr)

→ Swahili: alfajiri

→ Wolof: fajar


الكعبة

ar-proper noun

الْكَعْبَة • (al-kaʕba) f

الْكَعْبَة (canonical)
al-kaʕba (romanization)
الْكَعْبَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
الْكَعْبَةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
الْكَعْبَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
الْكَعْبَةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

→ Azerbaijani: Kəbə

→ Chagatai: کعبه

Uyghur: كەئبە (ke'be)

Uzbek: Kaʼba

→ Persian: کعبه (ka'be)

desc

→ Urdu: کعبہ

→ Urdu: کعبہ

جَعَلَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْكَعْبَةَ ٱلْبَيْتَ ٱلْحَرَامَ قِيَامًا لِلنَّاسِ وَٱلشَّهْرَ ٱلْحَرَامَ وَٱلْهَدْيَ وَٱلْقَلَائِدَ

God has made the Kaaba, the Sacred House, a means of support for the people, and the Sacred Month, and the offerings, and the garlands.

jaʕala llāhu l-kaʕbata l-bayta l-ḥarāma qiyāman li-n-nāsi waš-šahra l-ḥarāma wal-hadya wal-qalāʔida


محمد

ar-proper noun

مُحَمَّد • (muḥammad) m

مُحَمَّد (canonical)
muḥammad (romanization)
مُحَمَّد (definite informal singular triptote)
مُحَمَّدٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
مُحَمَّدًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
مُحَمَّدٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Maltese: Mħammed

→ Azerbaijani: Məhəmməd

→ Chinese: 穆罕默德 (Mùhǎnmòdé)

→ English: Muhammad

→ Malay: Muhammad

desc

→ Malayalam: മുഹമ്മദ് (muhammadŭ), മൊഹമ്മദ് (mohammadŭ), മമ്മദ് (mammadŭ), മമ്മത് (mammatŭ)

→ Maltese: Muħammed

→ Classical Persian: مُحَمَّد (muhammad) (see there for further descendants)

→ Ottoman Turkish: محمد (see there for further descendants)

→ Tamil: முகம்மது (mukammatu), முகமது (mukamatu)

Andalusian Arabic: مَحُمَّدْ

→ French: Mahomet

→ Italian: Maometto

desctree

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Mafomede
Portuguese: Mafamede, Mafomede, Mofamede, Maomé

→ Spanish: Mahoma
→ Tagalog: Mahoma

Derived from the passive participle of the verb حَمَّدَ (ḥammada, “to praise, commend, laud”).

وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ

Muhammad is not but a messenger. Messengers have passed on before him.

wa-mā muḥammadun ʔillā rasūlun qad ḵalat min qablihi r-rusulu

a male given name, variously transliterated as: Muhammad, Mohammed, Mahomet, etc. (see Muhammad for an extensive list)


حزب الله

ar-proper noun

حِزْبُ ٱللّٰه

حِزْبُ ٱللّٰه • (ḥizbu llāh) m

حِزْبُ ٱللّٰه (canonical)
ḥizbu llāh (romanization)

Literally: “the party of God”, after Quran 5:56: فَإنَّ حِزْبَ اللهِ هُمُ الْغالِبُون (faʔinna ḥizba llāhi humu l-ḡālibūn, “the party of God [i.e. those who side with God] are victorious”). Shiites interpret this verse as referring to the Twelve Imams and those who support them.


ص

From the Nabataean letter 𐢙 (ṣ, “ṣade”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤑 (ṣ, “ṣade”), from an uncertain Egyptian hieroglyph (𓇑?). See also ܨ (ṣ, “ṣade”), צ (ts, “tsadi”), Cyrillic Ц.


ق

qāf (romanization)
ڧ (alternative)
ࢼ (alternative)

From the Nabataean letter 𐢏 (q, “qoph”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤒 (q, “qop”), from an uncertain Egyptian hieroglyph (𓃻?). See also Classical Syriac ܩ (q, “qūp”), Hebrew ק (q, “qūph”), Ancient Greek Φ (Ph), Latin Q.


القرآن

الْقُرْآن • (al-qurʔān) m

الْقُرْآن (canonical)
al-qurʔān (romanization)
الْقُرْآن (definite informal singular triptote)
الْقُرْآنُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْقُرْآنَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْقُرْآنِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܩܘܼܪܐܵܢ (qūrˀān)

→ Dutch: Koran

→ English: Koran

→ French: Coran

→ Hebrew: קוראן (kur'án)

→ Classical Persian: قُرْآن (qur'ān) (see there for further descendants)

→ Turkish: Kur'an

الْعَهْد الْقَدِيم

الْكِتَاب الْمُقَدَّس (al-kitāb al-muqaddas, “the Bible”)


جهنم

جَهَنَّم (canonical)
jahannam (romanization)
جَهَنَّم (definite diptote informal singular)
جَهَنَّمُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
جَهَنَّمَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
جَهَنَّمَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Armenian: ջանդամ (ǰandam), ջհանդամ (ǰhandam), ջահանդամ (ǰahandam), ջհաննամ (ǰhannam), ջայնամ (ǰaynam), ջահնամ (ǰahnam)

→ Bashkir: йәһәннәм (yəhənnəm)

→ English: Jahannam

→ Karaim: джаханам (cahanam)

→ Kazakh: жаһаннам (jahannam)

→ Malay: jahanam

desctree

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: جهنم (cehennem)
Azerbaijani: cəhənnəm
Ottoman Turkish: جهنم (cehennem)
Turkish: cehennem
→ Abkhaz: џьаҳаным (džaḥanəm)
→ Bulgarian: дженде́м (džendém), джанде́м (džandém)
→ Gagauz: cendem
→ Macedonian: џенем (dženem)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: џехѐнем, џехѐннем, Џехѐнем, Џехѐннем
Latin script: džehènem, džehènnem, Džehènem, Džehènnem

→ Classical Persian: جَهَنَّم (jahannam)
→ Bengali: জাহান্নাম (jahannam)
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਜਹੰਨਮ (jahannam)
Shahmukhi script: جہنم (jahannam)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: जहन्नुम (jahannum), जहन्नम (jahannam)
Urdu: جَہَنُّم (jahannum), جَہَنَّم (jahannam)

→ Swahili: jahanamu

→ Tabasaran: жегьеннем (žehennem)

→ Turkmen: jähennem

Borrowed from Aramaic גֵּיהִנָּם (gēhinnām), from גֵּיא בֶן הִנֹּם (gē ḇen hinnōm, “valley of the son of Hinom”). The vocalization suggests that it may have been borrowed via Ge'ez ገሀነም (gähännäm).


النار

ar-proper noun

النَّار • (an-nār) f

النَّار (canonical)
an-nār (romanization)
النَّار (definite informal singular triptote)
النَّارُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
النَّارَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
النَّارِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

وَنَادَى أَصْحَابُ ٱلْجَنَّةِ أَصْحَابَ ٱلنَّارِ أَن قَدْ وَجَدْنَا مَا وَعَدَنَا رَبُّنَا حَقًّا فَهَلْ وَجَدْتُم مَّا وَعَدَ رَبُّكُمْ حَقًّا ۖ قَالُوا نَعَمْ ۚ فَأَذَّنَ مُؤَذِّنٌ بَيْنَهُمْ أَن لَعْنَةُ ٱللَّهِ عَلَى ٱلظَّالِمِينَ

The residents of Paradise will call out to the residents of the Fire, “We have certainly found our Lord’s promise to be true. Have you too found your Lord’s promise to be true?” They will reply, “Yes, we have!” Then a caller will announce to both, “May God’s condemnation be upon the wrongdoers, […]

wa-nādā ʔaṣḥābu l-jannati ʔaṣḥāba n-nāri ʔan qad wajadnā mā waʕadanā rabbunā ḥaqqan fahal wajadtum mā waʕada rabbukum ḥaqqan; qālū naʕam, fa-ʔaḏḏana muʔaḏḏinun baynahum ʔan laʕnatu llāhi ʕalā ẓ-ẓālimīna