جمجمة

جُمْجُمَة • (jumjuma) f

جُمْجُمَة (canonical)
jumjuma (romanization)

Compare Aramaic גּוּלְגַּלְתָּא (gulgaltā), Hebrew גֻּלְגֹּלֶת (gulgṓleṯ), Akkadian 𒄢𒄢𒇻 (gulgullu), Egyptian U28-U28-D1:Z1 (ḏꜣḏꜣ, “head”).

cog

גּוּלְגַּלְתָּא

Aramaic גּוּלְגַּלְתָּא (gulgaltā)

Golgotha (biblical): The hill outside Jerusalem where Jesus is reported to have been crucified.


تاج محل

ar-proper noun

تَاج مَحَل • (tāj maḥal) m

تَاج مَحَل (canonical)
tāj maḥal (romanization)

Taj Mahal (a monument in Agra, India, constructed between 1631 and 1654, considered one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture in the world)


السرطان

السَرَطَان • (as-saraṭān) m

السَرَطَان (canonical)
as-saraṭān (romanization)
السَّرَطَان (definite informal singular triptote)
السَّرَطَانُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
السَّرَطَانَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
السَّرَطَانِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

ar:برج السرطان


كريستوفر

كْرِيسْتُوفَر

كْرِيسْتُوفَر • (krīstūfar) m

كْرِيسْتُوفَر (canonical)
krīstūfar (romanization)

a male given name from Ancient Greek, equivalent to English Christopher


زامبيا

زَامْبِيَا • (zambiyā) f

زَامْبِيَا (canonical)
zambiyā (romanization)


لؤلؤة

لُؤْلُؤَة • (luʔluʔa) f

لُؤْلُؤَة (canonical)
luʔluʔa (romanization)
لُؤْلُؤَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
لُؤْلُؤَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
لُؤْلُؤَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
لُؤْلُؤَةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

لُؤْلُؤَة:di


المملكة العربية السعودية

ar-proper noun

الْمَمْلَكَة الْعَرَبِيَّة السُّعُودِيَّة or الْمَمْلَكَة الْعَرَبِيَّة السَّعُودِيَّة • (al-mamlaka l-ʕarabiyya s-suʕūdiyya or al-mamlaka l-ʕarabiyya s-saʕūdiyya) f

al-mamlaka l-ʕarabiyya s-suʕūdiyya (romanization)
al-mamlaka l-ʕarabiyya s-saʕūdiyya (romanization)

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia#English:_Q851

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (official name of Saudi Arabia: a country in Western Asia, on the Arabian Peninsula)

en-المملكة_العربية_السعودية-ar-name-emHWgVgk


فيتنام

فِيِتْنَام or فْيِتْنَام • (viyitnām or vyitnām) f

فِيِتْنَام (canonical)
فْيِتْنَام (canonical)
viyitnām (romanization)
vyitnām (romanization)
ڤِيِتْنَام (alternative)
ڤْيِتْنَام (alternative)

Via English and French Vietnam from Vietnamese Việt Nam.


يوحنا

يُوحَنَّا • (yūḥannā) m

يُوحَنَّا (canonical)
yūḥannā (romanization)
يُوحَنَّا (definite informal invariable singular)
يُوحَنَّا (definite invariable nominative singular)
يُوحَنَّا (accusative definite invariable singular)
يُوحَنَّا (definite genitive invariable singular)

يُوحَنَّا الْمَعْمَدَانُ

يُوحَنَّا الْإِنْجِيلِيُّ

يُوحَنَّا بْنُ زَبَدِي

يُوحَنَّا الْبَطْمُسِيُّ

(Christianity) Any of the New Testament figures named John

(Christianity) John, the last of the four canonical gospels

a male given name, equivalent to English John


القاعدة

الْقَاعِدَة • (al-qāʕida) f

الْقَاعِدَة (canonical)
al-qāʕida (romanization)

From the root ق ع د (q ʕ d), pertaining to the base of the human body—i.e. the buttocks.

ar-root

ق ع د (q ʕ d)

al-Qaeda, a terrorist militant Islamic organization.

The Base, a database of mercenaries recruited as part of Maktab al-Khidamat to fight the Soviet Union in Afghanistan.


رسول

ar-proper noun

اَلرَّسُول • (ar-rasūl) m

اَلرَّسُول (canonical)
ar-rasūl (romanization)
الرَّسُول (definite informal singular triptote)
الرَّسُولُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الرَّسُولَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الرَّسُولِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قَدْ جَاءَكُمُ الرَّسُولُ بِالْحَقِّ مِن رَّبِّكُمْ فَآمِنُوا خَيْرًا لَّكُمْ

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

yā ʔayyuhā n-nāsu qad jāʔakumu ar-rasūlu bi-l-ḥaqqi min rabbikum faʔāminū ḵayran lakum


صدام

صَدَّام • (ṣaddām) m

صَدَّام (canonical)
ṣaddām (romanization)
صَدَّام (definite informal singular triptote)
صَدَّامٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
صَدَّامًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
صَدَّامٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)


نسر

نَسْر (canonical)
nasr (romanization)
نَسْر (indefinite informal singular triptote)
النَّسْر (definite informal singular triptote)
نَسْر (construct informal singular triptote)
نَسْرٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
النَّسْرُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
نَسْرُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
نَسْرًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
النَّسْرَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
نَسْرَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
نَسْرٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
النَّسْرِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
نَسْرِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

وَقَالُوا لَا تَذَرُنَّ ءَالِهَتَكُمْ وَلَا تَذَرُنَّ وَدًّا وَلَا سُوَاعًا وَلَا يَغُوثَ وَيَعُوقَ وَنَسْرًا

and said (to their people), “Never forsake your gods, and never forsake Wadd, nor Suwā‘, nor Yaghūth and Ya‘ūq and Nasr.”

waqālū lā taḏarunna ʔālihatakum walā taḏarunna waddan walā suwāʕan walā yaḡūṯa wayaʕūqa wanasran

Nasr, one of the of five false gods worshipped by the people of Noah.


إنجلترا

إِنْجِلْتِرَا

إِنْجِلْتِرَا

إِنْجِلْتِرَا • (ʔingiltirā or ʔinjiltirā) f

إِنْجِلْتِرَا (canonical)
ʔingiltirā (romanization)
ʔinjiltirā (romanization)
إِنْجِلْتِرَا (definite informal invariable singular)
إِنْجِلْتِرَا (definite informal invariable singular)
إِنْجِلْتِرَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
إِنْجِلْتِرَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
إِنْجِلْتِرَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
إِنْجِلْتِرَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
إِنْجِلْتِرَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
إِنْجِلْتِرَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
إِنْجِلْتِرَة (alternative)
إِنْكِلْتِرَا (alternative)
إِنْكِلْتِرَة (alternative)

ar-decl-noun

إِنْجِلْتِرَا

إِنْجِلْتِرَا

England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


عبد الله

ar-proper noun

عَبْد اللّٰه

أَمَة اللَّٰه

عَبْد اللّٰه • (ʕabd allāh) m (feminine أَمَة اللَّٰه (ʔama(t) allāh))

عَبْد اللّٰه (canonical)
ʕabd allāh (romanization)
t (romanization)
عَبْد الله (definite informal singular triptote)
عَبْدُ اللهِ (definite nominative singular triptote)
عَبْدَ اللهِ (accusative definite singular triptote)
عَبْدِ اللهِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Maltese: Abdilla

desc

→ Bashkir: Ғабдулла (Ğabdulla), Абдулла (Abdulla)

→ Bengali: আব্দুল্লাহ (abdullah)

→ Chinese: 阿卜杜拉 (Ābǔdùlā) (transliteration)

→ Dhivehi: އަބްދުﷲ

→ Dhivehi: އަބްދުﷲ

→ English: Abdullah, Abdulah, Abdalah, Abdallah, Abd Allah, Abd' Ulah, Abdu'llah, Abdulla

→ French: Abdullah, Abdallah, Abdoullah

→ Hindi: अब्दुल्ला (abdullā)

→ Kazakh: Ғабдулла (Ğabdulla), Абдулла (Abdulla)

→ Burmese: အဗ္ဗဒူလာ (abba.dula)

→ Marathi: अब्दुल्ला (abdullā)

→ Persian: عبدالله ('abdollâh)

→ Russian: Абдулла́ (Abdullá)

→ Turkish: Abdullah

→ Urdu: عبد اللہ (abd-ullāh)

→ Uyghur: ئابدۇللا (abdulla)

→ Uzbek: Abdulloh

Composed of عَبْد (ʕabd, “slave, servant”) + اللّٰه (allāh, “God”), literally “slave of God, servant of God”. Compare with Hebrew עֲבְדִּיאֵל, Hebrew עוֹבַדְיָה.

cog

Hebrew עֲבְדִּיאֵל

Hebrew עוֹבַדְיָה


إستونيا

ar-proper noun

إِسْتُونِيَا

إِسْتُونِيَا • (ʾistōniyā) f

إِسْتُونِيَا (canonical)
ʾistōniyā (romanization)
إِسْتُونِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
إِسْتُونِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
إِسْتُونِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
إِسْتُونِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

ar-decl-noun

إِسْتُونِيَا

Estonia (a country in northeastern Europe, on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea)


استانبول

ar-proper noun

اِسْتَانْبُول

اِسْتَانْبُول • (ʾistanbūl) f

اِسْتَانْبُول (canonical)
ʾistanbūl (romanization)

إِسْتَانْبُول إستانبول#Arabic

alternative spelling of إِسْتَانْبُول (ʔistanbūl)


إسطنبول

إِسْطَنْبُول

إِسْطَنْبُول • (ʔisṭanbūl) f

إِسْطَنْبُول (canonical)
ʔisṭanbūl (romanization)
إِسْطَنْبُول (definite diptote informal singular)
إِسْطَنْبُولُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
إِسْطَنْبُولَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
إِسْطَنْبُولَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
إِسْتَنْبُول (alternative)
إِسْتَانْبُول (alternative)
اِسْطَنْبُول (alternative)
اِسْتَانْبُول (alternative)
اِسْتَنْبُول (alternative)

ar-decl-noun

إِسْطَنْبُول:di

Istanbul (a major city and province of Turkey)


إشبيلية

ar-proper noun

إِشْبِيلِيَة

إِشْبِيلِيَة • (ʔišbīliya) f

إِشْبِيلِيَة (canonical)
ʔišbīliya (romanization)
إِشْبِيلِيَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
إِشْبِيلِيَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
إِشْبِيلِيَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
إِشْبِيلِيَةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

إِشْبِيلِيَة:di

desctree

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Sevilha
Galician: Sevilla
Portuguese: Sevilha

→ Spanish: Sevilla

→ Sicilian: Xibilia

→ Sicilian: Scibbilia (Italianized spelling)

From Latin Hispalis, ultimately from Phoenician 𐤔𐤐𐤋𐤄 (šplh /sep̄ela/, “plain, valley”).

der

Seville (the capital city of Andalusia, Spain)


إبراهيم

ar-proper noun

إِبْرَاهِيم • (ʔibrāhīm) m

إِبْرَاهِيم (canonical)
ʔibrāhīm (romanization)
إِبْرَاهِيم (definite diptote informal singular)
إِبْرَاهِيمُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
إِبْرَاهِيمَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
إِبْرَاهِيمَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
إِبْرَٰهِيم (alternative)
إِبْرَٰهِـۧم (alternative)

ar-decl-noun

إِبْرَاهِيمُ

→ Azerbaijani: İbrahim

→ Bashkir: Ибраһим (İbrahim)

desctree

→ Classical Persian: اِبْرَاهِیم (ibrāhīm)
Tajik: Иброҳим (Ibrohim)
→ Bengali: ইব্রাহীম (ibrahim)
→ Chagatai: ابراهیم
Uyghur: ئىبراھىم (ibrahim)
Uzbek: Ibrohim
→ Dhivehi: އިބްރާހީމް (ibrāhīm̊)
→ Gujarati: ઇબ્રાહીમ (ibrāhīm)
→ Middle Hindi: ابراہیم (abrahym /ibrāhīm/)
Hindustani: ibrāhīm
Hindi: इब्राहीम
Urdu: اِبْراہِیم

desc

→ Chinese: 易卜拉欣 (Yìbǔlāxīn) (transliteration)

→ Japanese: イブラーヒーム (iburāhīmu)

→ Maguindanao: Ebrahim

→ Malay: Ibrahim

Indonesian: Ibrahim

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: ابراهیم, Իպրահիմ (İbrahim) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: İbrahim

→ Rohingya: Ibrahím

→ Serbo-Croatian: Ибрахим

→ Swahili: Ibrahim

Borrowed from Aramaic אַבְרָהָם (ʾaḇrāhām), from Biblical Hebrew אַבְרָהָם (ʔaḇrɔhɔm).

bor+

(Islam) The 14th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an.


هند

هِنْد (canonical)
hind (romanization)
هِنْد (definite diptote informal singular triptote)
هِنْدُ (definite diptote nominative singular triptote)
هِنْدٌ (definite diptote nominative singular triptote)
هِنْدَ (accusative definite diptote singular triptote)
هِنْدًا (accusative definite diptote singular triptote)
هِنْدَ (definite diptote genitive singular triptote)
هِنْدٍ (definite diptote genitive singular triptote)


إسلام

ar-proper noun

إِسْلَام • (ʔislām) m

إِسْلَام (canonical)
ʔislām (romanization)
إِسْلَام (definite informal singular triptote)
إِسْلَامٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
إِسْلَامًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
إِسْلَامٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

etymon

أَسْلَمَ>convert


لندن

ar-proper noun

لُنْدُن or لَنْدَن • (lundun or landan) f

لُنْدُن (canonical)
لَنْدَن (canonical)
lundun (romanization)
landan (romanization)
لُنْدُن (definite diptote informal singular)
لَنْدَن (definite diptote informal singular)
لُنْدُنُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
لَنْدَنُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
لُنْدُنَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
لَنْدَنَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
لُنْدُنَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
لَنْدَنَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; the capital city of England)


آش

آش • (ʔāš) m

ʔāš (romanization)
آش (definite diptote informal singular)
آشُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
آشَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
آشَ (definite diptote genitive singular)


موش

مُوش • (mūš) ?

Mush (the capital city of Mush province, Turkey)


تبت

تُبَّت (canonical)
tubbat (romanization)
تُبَّت (definite diptote informal singular)
تُبَّتُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
تُبَّتَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
تُبَّتَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Tibet (a geographic region in Central Asia, the homeland of the Tibetan people)


تونس

تُونُس or تُونِس • (tūnus or tūnis) f

تُونُس (canonical)
تُونِس (canonical)
tūnus (romanization)
tūnis (romanization)
تُونُس (definite diptote informal singular)
تُونِس (definite diptote informal singular)
تُونُسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
تُونِسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
تُونُسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
تُونِسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
تُونُسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
تُونِسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Tunis (the capital city, since 1159, and largest city of Tunisia)


لبنان

لُبْنَان (canonical)
lubnān (romanization)
لُبْنَان (definite diptote informal singular)
لُبْنَانُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
لُبْنَانَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
لُبْنَانَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

لُبْنَان مَعْرُوف بِجِبَالِهِ الخَلّابَة وَسَوَاحِلِهِ الجَمِيلَة.

lubnān maʕrūf bi-jibālihi l-ḵallāba(t) wa-sawāḥilihi l-jamīla.

Lebanon is known for its stunning mountains and beautiful coastlines.

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


بغداد

بَغْدَاد • (baḡdād) f

بَغْدَاد (canonical)
baḡdād (romanization)
بَغْدَاد (definite diptote informal singular)
بَغْدَادُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بَغْدَادَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بَغْدَادَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Borrowed from Classical Persian بَغْدَاد (baġdād).

bor+

ar:بغداد
ar:محافظة بغداد


العلمين

ar-proper noun

اَلْعَلَمَيْن

اَلْعَلَمَيْن • (al-ʕalamayn) f

اَلْعَلَمَيْن (canonical)
al-ʕalamayn (romanization)

Arabic for "the two flags", a dual form of عَلَم (ʕalam, “flag, banner”).

El Alamein (a coastal town in Matruh governorate, Egypt)


ناتو

الناتو • (an-nātū, an-nātō, an-naytō, an-nētō) m

الناتو (canonical)
an-nātū (romanization)
an-nātō (romanization)
an-naytō (romanization)
an-nētō (romanization)


حافظ

ar:حافظ
ar:حافظ الشيرازي

حَافِظ • (ḥāfiẓ) m

حَافِظ (canonical)
ḥāfiẓ (romanization)
حَافِظ (definite informal singular triptote)
حَافِظٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
حَافِظًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
حَافِظٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Derived from the active participle of حَفِظَ (ḥafiẓa, “to guard, to keep; to memorize”), from the root ح ف ظ (ḥ f ẓ). The Persian poet was named such as he had memorised the Qurʾān.

ar-root

ح ف ظ (ḥ f ẓ)

فَال حَافِظ

Hafez's Omen, the action and process of opening the book to ask for an omen

Hafez aš-Šīrāzi, a famous mystic 14th century Persian poet, who also wrote in Arabic and whose poems are sometimes used as omens.


ليبيا

ar-proper noun

لِيبِيَا • (lībiyā) f

لِيبِيَا (canonical)
lībiyā (romanization)


آرام

آرَام • (ʔārām) ?


ألبانيا

أَلْبَانِيَا

أَلْبَانِيَا • (ʔalbāniyā) f

أَلْبَانِيَا (canonical)
ʔalbāniyā (romanization)
أَلْبَانِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
أَلْبَانِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
أَلْبَانِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
أَلْبَانِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

ar-decl-noun

أَلْبَانِيَا

From Ottoman Turkish آلبانیا (Albanya), from Greek Αλβανία (Alvanía).

bor

<i class="Latn mention" lang="tr">Albanya</i>

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


آدم

ar-proper noun

آدَم • (ʔādam) m (plural آدَمُون (ʔādamūn) or أَوَادِم (ʔawādim))

آدَم (canonical)
ʔādam (romanization)
آدَمُون (plural)
أَوَادِم (plural)
آدَم (definite diptote informal singular)
آدَمُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
آدَمَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
آدَمَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
ءَادَم (alternative)

desc

→ Bashkir: әҙәм (əźəm), Әҙәм (Əźəm)

→ Bashkir: әҙәм (əźəm), Әҙәм (Əźəm)

→ Hausa: Ā̀dàmu

→ Malay:

Arabic script: ادم

Latin script: Adam

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: آدم (ādäm)

Azerbaijani: adam, Adəm

Gagauz: adam, Adam

Ottoman Turkish: آدم (adam, adem)

Turkish: adam, Âdem

→ Albanian: Adem

→ Persian: آدم

Tajik: одам (odam)

→ Bengali: আদম (adom)

→ Chagatai: آدم (ādam)

Uyghur: ئادەم (adem)

Uzbek: odam

→ Gujarati: આદમ (ādam)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आदम (ādam)

Urdu: آدَم (ādam)

→ Kachchi: આદમ (ādam)

→ Kazakh: адам (adam)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਆਦਮ (ādam)

Shahmukhi script: آدَم (ādam)

→ Sylheti: ꠀꠖꠝ (adomo)

→ Rohingya: Adom

→ Swahili: Adamu

Terminology of the religious sphere borrowed from Hebrew אָדָם (āḏā́m, “man, person”), with a foreign pattern like عَالَم (ʕālam, “world”).


نور

نُور (canonical)
nūr (romanization)
نُور (definite informal singular triptote)
نُورٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
نُورًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
نُورٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)
نُور (definite diptote informal singular triptote)
نُورُ (definite diptote nominative singular triptote)
نُورٌ (definite diptote nominative singular triptote)
نُورَ (accusative definite diptote singular triptote)
نُورًا (accusative definite diptote singular triptote)
نُورَ (definite diptote genitive singular triptote)
نُورٍ (definite diptote genitive singular triptote)

Gulf Arabic: نور (nūr)

→ Persian: نور (nur)

The “light” noun is inherited from Proto-Semitic *nūr-.


بندر

بَنْدَر (canonical)
bandar (romanization)


شهاب

ar-proper noun

شِهَاب • (šihāb) ?


زحل

زُحَل • (zuḥal) m

زُحَل (canonical)
zuḥal (romanization)
زُحَل (definite diptote informal singular)
زُحَلُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
زُحَلَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
زُحَلَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

desctree

→ Classical Persian: زحل (zuhal)
Dari: زحل (zuhal /zohal/)
Iranian Persian: زحل (zohal)
Tajik: Зуҳал (Zuhal)
→ Azerbaijani:
North Azerbaijani: Zühəl
South Azerbaijani: زوحل
→ Middle Armenian: Զօհալ (Zōhal), Զոհալ (Zohal)
→ Pashto: زحل
→ Punjabi: زحل (zḥl)
→ Urdu: زحل (zuhal)
→ Uzbek: Zuhal

→ Malay: Zuhal

From the root ز ح ل (z ḥ l) meaning "to be distant or remote", "to linger away from others"; so called as it is the furthest and has the slowest orbital period of the classical seven heavenly bodies (counting the Sun and the Moon, without the inclusion of Earth).

ar-root

ز ح ل (z ḥ l)

نِكْرَة

one who seems unfamiliar, one who is foreign or estranged, distant or alien

or Venus and Jupiter in another tradition

planets of the Solar System: كَوَاكِب الْمَجْمُوعَة الشَّمْسِيَّة: عُطَارِد · الزُّهَرَة · الْأَرْض · الْمِرِّيخ · الْمُشْتَرِي · زُحَل · أُورَانُوس · نِبْتُون [edit]


זכרי

زَكَرِيَّا زكريا#Arabic

Judeo-Arabic spelling of زَكَرِيَّا (zakariyyā, “Zechariah”)


عندقت

ar-proper noun

عَنْدْقِت • (ʕandqit) f

عَنْدْقِت (canonical)
ʕandqit (romanization)

Andket (a Maronite Christian village in northern Lebanon)


مشهد

مَشْهَد • (mašhad) f

مَشْهَد (canonical)
mašhad (romanization)
مَشْهَد (definite diptote informal singular)
مَشْهَدُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
مَشْهَدَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
مَشْهَدَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Noun of place from the root ش ه د (š h d).

ar-root

ش ه د (š h d)


رضا

ar-proper noun

رِضَا • (riḍā) m

رِضَا (canonical)
riḍā (romanization)
رِضَا (definite informal invariable singular)
رِضَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
رِضَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
رِضَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
رِضًى (alternative)

From the roots ر ض و (r ḍ w) and ر ض ي (r ḍ y).

ar-root

ر ض و (r ḍ w)

ر ض ي (r ḍ y)

(definite) ʿAlī al-Riḍā, the 8th Shia Imam and an important Muslim figure in the Abbasid era.


عمان

ar-proper noun

عُمَان • (ʕumān) f

عُمَان (canonical)
ʕumān (romanization)
عُمَان (definite diptote informal singular)
عُمَانُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
عُمَانَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
عُمَانَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܥܘܼܡܵܢ (ˁūmān)

⇒ Japanese: オマーン (Omān)

→ Persian: عمان ('omân)

→ Punjabi: عُمان (ʻumān)

→ Sindhi: عمان

→ Urdu: عُمان ('umān)

Disputed etymology with most connecting it back to عُمَانَة (ʕumāna) considered a by-name of the city صُحَار (ṣuḥār), the most prevalent city-state at the time the name became associated with the region as a whole. Considered derived from the root ع م ن (ʕ m n) meaning, "to settle or remain", "to dwell", "a place where one enters and chooses to stay", "to be abiding or a lasting settlement", "a plain or easy country".

ar-root

ع م ن (ʕ m n)

Oman (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


عمان

ar-proper noun

عَمَّان • (ʕammān) f

عَمَّان (canonical)
ʕammān (romanization)
عَمَّان (definite diptote informal singular)
عَمَّانُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
عَمَّانَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
عَمَّانَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܥܲܡܵܐܢ (ˁammān)

→ Persian: عمان ('ammân)

→ Punjabi: عَمّان (ʻammān)

→ Sindhi: عمان

→ Urdu: عَمّان ('ammān)

Generally connected to the root ع م م (ʕ m m) dealing with the concepts of "kinsmen or people", "father's brother", "to be distantly related, an extended tribe", "a very large company", "a tribe, multitude, or great band"; attested as far back as Akkadian 𒌷𒄠𒈠𒈾 (Ammān, “City of Ammān”) likely deriving from a local power's endonym.

ar-root

ع م م (ʕ m m)


برن

بِرْن (canonical)
birn (romanization)
bern (romanization)
بِرْن (definite diptote informal singular triptote)
بِرْن (definite diptote informal singular triptote)
بِرْنُ (definite diptote nominative singular triptote)
بِرْنٌ (definite diptote nominative singular triptote)
بِرْنَ (accusative definite diptote singular triptote)
بِرْنًا (accusative definite diptote singular triptote)
بِرْنَ (definite diptote genitive singular triptote)
بِرْنٍ (definite diptote genitive singular triptote)


ريش

ar-noun

رَيْش • (rayš) f

The 20th letter of the Hebrew alphabet and other Semitic abjads. (ר)


الرب

الرَّبّ (canonical)
ar-rabb (romanization)
الرَّبّ (definite informal singular triptote)
الرَّبُّ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الرَّبَّ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الرَّبِّ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Definite form of رَبّ (rabb, “lord, master”), from the root ر ب ب (r b b); compare Hebrew רַב (ráv, “master”) (source of English rabbi).


יוסף

يُوسُف يوسف#Arabic

Judeo-Arabic spelling of يُوسُف (yūsuf, “Joseph (biblical character); a male given name”)


م.ت.ف

م.ت.ف . (canonical)
m.t.f. (romanization)

مُنَظَّمَة التَّحْرِير الْفِلَسْطِينِيَّة


صلعم

ar-proper noun

صَلْعَم • (ṣalʕam) m

صَلْعَم (canonical)
ṣalʕam (romanization)
صَلْعَم (definite informal singular triptote)
صَلْعَمٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
صَلْعَمًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
صَلْعَمٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

From صَلَّىٰ ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ (ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhi wasallama, “may God bless him and grant him peace”). The proper noun is re-vocalized from the initialism.

(derogatory, offensive) Mahomet (a derogatory term for the prophet of Islam)


יעקוב

הדׄה אסמא בני אסראיל אלדאכׄלין אלי מצר מע יעקוב רגׄל ואלה דכׄלו׃

c. 10th century, Saadia Gaon, Tafsir, 1:1:

These are the names of the sons of Israel entering Egypt. With Jacob, man and his kin entered:

hāḏihi ʔasmāʔu banī ʔisrāʔīla d-dāḵilīna ʔilā miṣra maʕa yaʕqūba rajulun wa-ʔilluhu daḵalū.

يَعْقُوب يعقوب#Arabic

Judeo-Arabic spelling of يَعْقُوب (yaʕqūb, “Jacob (Biblical character)”)


الاتحاد السوفياتي

الْاِتِّحَاد السُّوفْيَاتِيّ

الْاِتِّحَاد السُّوفْيَاتِيّ • (al-ittiḥād as-sūfyātiyy) m

الْاِتِّحَاد السُّوفْيَاتِيّ (canonical)
al-ittiḥād as-sūfyātiyy (romanization)
الِاتِّحَاد السُّوفْيَاتِي (definite informal singular triptote)
الِاتِّحَادُ السُّوفْيَاتِيُّ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الِاتِّحَادَ السُّوفْيَاتِيَّ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الِاتِّحَادِ السُّوفْيَاتِيِّ (definite genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

سُوفْيَاتِيّ

Soviet Union
Soviet Union#English:_Q15180

(historical) Soviet Union (a former transcontinental country in Europe and Asia (1922–1991), now split into Russia and 14 other countries)


المدينة

ar-proper noun

الْمَدِينَة • (al-madīna) f

الْمَدِينَة (canonical)
al-madīna (romanization)
الْمَدِينَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
الْمَدِينَةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
الْمَدِينَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
الْمَدِينَةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

→ Azerbaijani: Mədinə

desc

→ Classical Persian: مَدِینَة (madīna), مَدِینَةْ (madīnat), مَدِینَه (madīna)

Dari: مَدِینَه (madīna)

Iranian Persian: مَدینِه (madine)

Tajik: Мадина (Madina)

→ Bashkir: Мәҙинә (Məźinə)

→ English: Medina

→ Turkish: Medine

Etymology tree
Arabic الْ (al-)
Aramaic מְדִינְתָּאbor.
Arabic مَدِينَة (madīna)
Arabic المدينة
From الْ (al-) + مَدِينَة (madīna).

etymon

مَدِينَة>city


منى

مِنًى (canonical)
مِنَى (canonical)
minan (romanization)
minā (romanization)
مِنَى (ar-infl-an-maksura definite informal singular)
مِنَى (definite informal invariable singular)
مِنًى (ar-infl-an-maksura definite nominative singular)
مِنًى (definite invariable nominative singular)
مِنَى (ar-infl-an-maksura definite nominative singular)
مِنَى (definite invariable nominative singular)
مِنًى (accusative ar-infl-an-maksura definite singular)
مِنًى (accusative definite invariable singular)
مِنَى (accusative ar-infl-an-maksura definite singular)
مِنَى (accusative definite invariable singular)
مِنًى (ar-infl-an-maksura definite genitive singular)
مِنًى (definite genitive invariable singular)
مِنَى (ar-infl-an-maksura definite genitive singular)
مِنَى (definite genitive invariable singular)


منى

ar-proper noun

مُنَى • (munā) f

مُنَى (canonical)
munā (romanization)
مُنَى (definite informal invariable singular)
مُنَى (definite invariable nominative singular)
مُنَى (accusative definite invariable singular)
مُنَى (definite genitive invariable singular)

a female given name, sometimes Latinised as Mona.


مشغرة

مَشْغَرَة • (mašḡara) f

مَشْغَرَة (canonical)
mašḡara (romanization)
مَشْغَرَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
مَشْغَرَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
مَشْغَرَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
مَشْغَرَةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

مَشْغَرَة:di

Machghara (a town in Beqaa governorate, Lebanon, renowned for its abundance of water, located approximately 87 kilometers from Beirut)


باماكو

ar-proper noun

بَامَاكُو • (bāmākū) f

بَامَاكُو (canonical)
bāmākū (romanization)


باريس

بَارِيس • (bārīs) f

بَارِيس (canonical)
bārīs (romanization)
بَارِيس (definite diptote informal singular)
بَارِيسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بَارِيسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بَارِيسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
بَارِيز (alternative dated)
پَارِيس (alternative rare)

→ Afar: Baaríis

→ Somali: Baaríis

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


مارسيليا

مَارْسِيلِيَّا

مَارْسِيلِيَّا • (mārsīliyyā) f

مَارْسِيلِيَّا (canonical)
mārsīliyyā (romanization)

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Marseille (the capital city of Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; the capital city of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


نانسي

نَانْسِي • (nānsī) f

نَانْسِي (canonical)
nānsī (romanization)

Nancy (the capital city of Meurthe-et-Moselle department, France)

a female given name, equivalent to English Nancy


لما

لَمَا • (lamā) f

لَمَا (canonical)
lamā (romanization)
لَمَا (definite informal invariable singular)
لَمَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
لَمَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
لَمَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

Univerbation of لِ (li, “for”) + إِمَّا (ʔimmā, as for), the original thought being "for as for [when] this is so".


كراكاس

ar-proper noun

كَرَاكَاس • (karākās) f

كَرَاكَاس (canonical)
karākās (romanization)


فرنسا

فَرَنْسَا or فِرَنْسَا • (faransā or firansā) f

فَرَنْسَا (canonical)
فِرَنْسَا (canonical)
faransā (romanization)
firansā (romanization)
فَرَنْسَا (definite informal invariable singular)
فِرَنْسَا (definite informal invariable singular)
فَرَنْسَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
فِرَنْسَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
فَرَنْسَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
فِرَنْسَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
فَرَنْسَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
فِرَنْسَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
فَرَنْسَة (alternative)

France (a country located primarily in Western Europe)


شكرية

شُكْرِيَّة • (šukriyya) f (masculine شُكْرِيّ (šukriyy))

شُكْرِيَّة (canonical)
šukriyya (romanization)
شُكْرِيّ (masculine)

→ Azerbaijani: Şükriyyə

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: شُكْرِیَّه (Şükriyye)

→ Albanian: Shukrije, Shikrije, Shykrije

Turkish: Şükriye

Female equivalent of شُكْرِيّ (šukriyy), itself derived from شُكْر (šukr, “thankfulness, gratitude”) + ـِيّ (-iyy).

af

شُكْرِيّ شكري#Arabic

a female given name meaning “thankful”, masculine equivalent شُكْرِيّ (šukriyy)


الهند

الْهِنْد (canonical)
al-hind (romanization)
الْهِنْد (definite informal singular triptote)
الْهِنْدُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْهِنْدَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْهِنْدِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

→ Swahili: Uhindi

From Classical Persian هند (hind), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿdūš), from Sanskrit सिन्धु (sindhu, “a river, stream”).


جامايكا

ar-proper noun

جَامَايْكَا • (jamaykā) f

جَامَايْكَا (canonical)
jamaykā (romanization)

Jamaica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


كازاخستان

كَازَاخِسْتَان

كَازَاخِسْتَان • (kāzāḵistān) f

كَازَاخِسْتَان (canonical)
kāzāḵistān (romanization)
كَازَاخِسْتَان (definite informal singular triptote)
كَازَاخِسْتَانٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
كَازَاخِسْتَانًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
كَازَاخِسْتَانٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)
قَازَاقِسْتَان (alternative)
كَازَخِسْتَان (alternative)

ar-decl-noun

كَازَاخِسْتَان

Mostly from Russian Казахста́н (Kazaxstán); the form قَازَاقِسْتَان (qāzāqistān) is potentially directly from Kazakh Қазақстан (Qazaqstan) and other languages.

ar:كازاخستان


قازاقستان

ar-proper noun

قَازَاقِسْتَان

قَازَاقِسْتَان • (qāzāqistān) f

قَازَاقِسْتَان (canonical)
qāzāqistān (romanization)
قَازَاقِسْتَان (definite informal singular triptote)
قَازَاقِسْتَانٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
قَازَاقِسْتَانًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
قَازَاقِسْتَانٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

قَازَاقِسْتَان

كَازَاخِسْتَان كازاخستان#Arabic

alternative spelling of كَازَاخِسْتَان (kāzāḵistān): Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)

كَازَاخِسْتَان

ar:كازاخستان


كازخستان

ar-proper noun

كَازَخِسْتَان

كَازَخِسْتَان • (kāzaḵistān) f

كَازَخِسْتَان (canonical)
kāzaḵistān (romanization)
كَازَخِسْتَان (definite informal singular triptote)
كَازَخِسْتَانٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
كَازَخِسْتَانًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
كَازَخِسْتَانٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

كَازَخِسْتَان

كَازَاخِسْتَان كازاخستان#Arabic

alternative spelling of كَازَاخِسْتَان (kāzāḵistān)

ar:كازاخستان


إنكلترا

ar-proper noun

إِنْكِلْتِرَا

إِنْكِلْتَرَّا

إِنْكِلْتِرَا or إِنْكِلْتَرَّا • (ʾingilterā or ʔinkiltarrā) f

إِنْكِلْتِرَا (canonical)
إِنْكِلْتَرَّا (canonical)
ʾingilterā (romanization)
ʔinkiltarrā (romanization)
إنجلترا (alternative)
إنكلترَة (alternative)

England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


إنكلترة

إِنْكِلْتِرَة

إِنْكِلْتِرَة • (ʾingiltera) f

إِنْكِلْتِرَة (canonical)
ʾingiltera (romanization)
إنجلترا (alternative)
إنكلترا (alternative)


عمر

عُمَر • (ʕumar) m

عُمَر (canonical)
ʕumar (romanization)
عُمَر (definite diptote informal singular)
عُمَرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
عُمَرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
عُمَرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Azerbaijani: Ömər

→ Bashkir: Ғүмәр (Ğümər)

desc

→ Chinese: 奧馬爾 /奥马尔 (Àomǎ'ěr), 吾買爾 /吾买尔 (Wúmǎi'ěr)

→ Classical Persian: عُمَر (umar)

Dari: عُمَر (umar)

Iranian Persian: عُمَر (omar)

Tajik: Умар (Umar)

→ Bengali: ওমর (ōmor)

→ Chagatai:

Uyghur: ئۆمەر (ömer)

Uzbek: Umar

→ Kazakh: Омар (Omar)

→ Kyrgyz: Омор (Omor)

→ English: Omar, Umar

→ Hausa: Umaru

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: عمر (Ömer)
Turkish: Ömer

→ Spanish: Omar

(Islam) ʿUmar ibn al-Ḵaṭṭāb, recognized as the Islamic prophet's second rightly-guided successor in Sunni Islam


عباس

ar-proper noun

عَبَّاس • (ʕabbās) m

عَبَّاس (canonical)
ʕabbās (romanization)
عَبَّاس (definite informal singular triptote)
عَبَّاسٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
عَبَّاسًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
عَبَّاسٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

→ Azerbaijani: Abbas

→ Bashkir: Ғәббәс (Ğəbbəs)

→ Bengali: আব্বাস (abbaś)

desc

→ Kazakh: Ғабас (Ğabas), Ғаббас (Ğabbas)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: عباس (ʼabbas)
Turkish: Abbas
→ Albanian: Abaz

→ Persian: عباس ('abbâs)

→ Tajik: Аббос (Abbos)

→ Hindi: अब्बास (abbās)

→ Uyghur: ئابباس (abbas)

→ Uzbek: Abbos


البحر الأحمر

ar-proper noun

الْبَحْر الْأَحْمَر

الْبَحْر الْأَحْمَر • (al-baḥr al-ʔaḥmar) m

الْبَحْر الْأَحْمَر (canonical)
al-baḥr al-ʔaḥmar (romanization)
الْبَحْر الْأَحْمَر (definite informal singular triptote)
الْبَحْرُ الْأَحْمَرُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْبَحْرَ الْأَحْمَرَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْبَحْرِ الْأَحْمَرِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

ar:البحر الأحمر


طه

طٰهٰ • (ṭāhā) m

→ Classical Persian: طَاهَا (tāhā)

From طَاء (ṭāʔ) + هَاء (hāʔ), the names of the letters ط and ه, in reference to the surah Ta-Ha, named after its “mysterious letters”, sometimes interpreted as referring obliquely to Muhammad.

affix

طَاء (ṭāʔ) + هَاء (hāʔ)

مَنْ قَدَّمَهُ طٰهٰ وَمَنْ *** أَهْلُ الْإِسْلَامِ لَهُ أَمَّرَ؟

14th century AH, سَيِّد رِضَا الْهِنْدِي, اَلْقَصِيدَة الْكَوْثَرِيَّة, describing Ali:

Who did Tāhā place at the forefront and who *** did he assign as a leader for the people of Islam?

man qaddamahu ṭāhā waman *** ʔahlu l-ʔislāmi lahu ʔammar?

طٰهٰ يَا نَبِينَا / يَا رَحْمَة الله فِينا

2010, Taha Channel, “طه يا نبينا”, Muḥammad Shuʿayb (music):

Tāhā, O our prophet / O mercy of God upon us

لِوَاءٌ تَوَشَّحَ بِالْمَكْرُمَاتِ / وَلَيْثٌ يَصُولُ عَلَىٰ الْعَادِيَاتِ / وِمِنْبَرُ حَقٍّ لِطٰهَ الْأَمِينْ / وَعِزٌّ وَفَخْرٌ لَدَىٰ الْمُسْلِمِينْ

2018, Aḥmad al-Fatlāwī, “مُضَحّي مِن وَراء حِجاب”, describing Ali:

A commander donned in virtues / And a lion that pounces on the aggressors / And a righteous platform for Tāhā the trustworthy / And honour and pride amongst the Muslims

liwāʔun tawaššaḥa bi-l-makrumāti / walayṯun yaṣūlu ʕalā l-ʕādiyāti / wiminbaru ḥaqqin liṭāha al-ʔamīn / waʕizzun wafaḵrun ladā l-muslimīn


سالم

ar-adj

سَالِم • (sālim)

سَالِم (canonical)
sālim (romanization)
سَالِم (definite informal singular triptote)
سَالِمٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
سَالِمًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
سَالِمٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Derived from the active participle of سَلِمَ (salima, “to be safe, sound, healthy, etc.”).


أمريكا

ar-proper noun

أَمْرِيكَا • (ʔamrīkā) f

أَمْرِيكَا (canonical)
ʔamrīkā (romanization)
أَمْرِيكَا (definite informal invariable singular)
أَمْرِيكَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
أَمْرِيكَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
أَمْرِيكَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
أَمِيرِكَا (alternative)
أَمْرِيكَة (alternative)

Possibly from Latin Amerīca (with stress on long ī).

United States of America
United States of America#English

America, United States of America (a country in North America; in full, United States of America)

America, the Americas (a supercontinent consisting of North America, Central America and South America regarded as a whole; in full, the Americas)


أستراليا

أُسْتُرَالِيَا

أُسْتُرَالِيَا • (ʔusturāliyā) f

أُسْتُرَالِيَا (canonical)
ʔusturāliyā (romanization)
أُسْتُرَالِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
أُسْتُرَالِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
أُسْتُرَالِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
أُسْتُرَالِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
أُوسْتُرَالِيَا (alternative)

ar-decl-noun

أُسْتُرَالِيَا

Australia (a country consisting of a main island, the island of Tasmania and other smaller islands, located in Oceania; historically, a collection of former colonies of the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the land on the Australian tectonic plate, i.e. Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


أوستراليا

ar-proper noun

أُوسْتُرَالِيَا

أُوسْتُرَالِيَا • (ʔūsturāliyā) f

أُوسْتُرَالِيَا (canonical)
ʔūsturāliyā (romanization)
أُوسْتُرَالِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
أُوسْتُرَالِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
أُوسْتُرَالِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
أُوسْتُرَالِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
أُسْتُرَالِيَا (alternative)

ar-decl-noun

أُوسْتُرَالِيَا

ar:أوستراليا


نيوساوث ويلز

ar-proper noun

نْيُو سَاوْث وَيلْز

نْيُو سَاوْث وَيلْز • (nyū sāwṯ wēlz) f

نْيُو سَاوْث وَيلْز (canonical)
nyū sāwṯ wēlz (romanization)


زهرة

زَهْرَة • (zahra) f

زَهْرَة (canonical)
zahra (romanization)
زَهْرَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
زَهْرَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
زَهْرَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
زَهْرَةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)


التوراة والإنجيل

التَّوْرَاة وَٱلْإِنْجِيل

التَّوْرَاة وَٱلْإِنْجِيل • (at-tawrāh wa-l-ʾinjīl) m du

التَّوْرَاة وَٱلْإِنْجِيل (canonical)
at-tawrāh wa-l-ʾinjīl (romanization)
التَّوْرَاة وَالْإِنْجِيل (ar-infl-ah definite diptote informal singular)
التَّوْرَاةُ وَالْإِنْجِيلُ (ar-infl-ah definite diptote nominative singular)
التَّوْرَاةَ وَالْإِنْجِيلَ (accusative ar-infl-ah definite diptote singular)
التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ (ar-infl-ah definite diptote genitive singular)

التَّوْرَاة (at-tawrāh, “the Torah”) + وَ (wa, “and”) + الْإِنْجِيل (al-ʔinjīl, “the Gospel”).


الكتاب المقدس

ar-proper noun

الْكِتَاب الْمُقَدَّس

الْكِتَاب الْمُقَدَّس • (al-kitāb al-muqaddas) m

الْكِتَاب الْمُقَدَّس (canonical)
al-kitāb al-muqaddas (romanization)
الْكِتَاب الْمُقَدَّس (definite informal singular triptote)
الْكِتَابُ الْمُقَدَّسُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْكِتَابَ الْمُقَدَّسَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْكِتَابِ الْمُقَدَّسِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

desc

کِتَابِ مُقَدَّس

→ Classical Persian: کِتَابِ مُقَدَّس (kitāb-i muqaddas)

کِتَابِ مُقَدَّس

Dari: کِتَابِ مُقَدَّس (kitāb-i muqaddas)

کِتابِ مُقَدَّس

Iranian Persian: کِتابِ مُقَدَّس (ketâb-e moġaddas)

Китоби Муқаддас

Tajik: Китоби Муқаддас (Kitob-i Muqaddas)

→ Hindustani

किताब-ए-मुक़द्दस

Hindi: किताब-ए-मुक़द्दस (kitāb-e-muqaddas)

Urdu: کتاب مقدس

Urdu: کتاب مقدس


الألعاب الأولمبية

ar-proper noun

الألعاب الأولمبية

الألعاب الأولمبية • (al-ʔalʕāb al-ʔolimbiyya) m pl

al-ʔalʕāb al-ʔolimbiyya (romanization)
الْأَلْعَاب الْأُولِمْبِيَّة (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
الْأَلْعَابُ الْأُولِمْبِيَّةُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
الْأَلْعَابَ الْأُولِمْبِيَّةَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
الْأَلْعَابِ الْأُولِمْبِيَّةِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)

ar-decl-noun

أُولِمْبِيَّة/ʔolimbiyya

ar:الألعاب الأولمبية


ألعاب أولمبية

ar-proper noun

ألعاب أولمبية

ألعاب أولمبية • (ʾalʿāb ʾolimbiyya) pl

الألعَاب الأولِمْبِيَّة (al-ʔalʕāb al-ʔolimbiyya, “the Olympic Games”)

ar:ألعاب أولمبية


جادو

جَادُو • (jādū) f


أسامة

أُسَامَة • (ʔusāma) m

أُسَامَة (canonical)
ʔusāma (romanization)
أُسَامَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
أُسَامَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
أُسَامَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
أُسَامَةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

From the same root as اِسْم (ism, “name”), denoting an animal with a “name”, i.e. a “famed” one.

ar:أسامة (اسم)


موسى

مُوسَى • (mūsā) m

مُوسَى (canonical)
mūsā (romanization)
مُوسَى (definite informal invariable singular)
مُوسَى (definite invariable nominative singular)
مُوسَى (accusative definite invariable singular)
مُوسَى (definite genitive invariable singular)

→ Azerbaijani: Musa

→ Bashkir: Муса (Musa)

→ Bengali: মূসা (musa)

→ Catalan: Mussa

→ English: Musa

→ French: Moussa

→ Kazakh: Мұса (Mūsa)

→ Malay: Musa

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: موسی (musa)
Turkish: Musa

→ Persian: موسی (musâ)

→ Punjabi: مُوسیٰ (mūsá)

→ Portuguese: Murça

→ Sindhi: موسيٰ

→ Swahili: Musa

→ Tatar: Муса (Musa)

→ Tajik: Мусо (Muso)

→ Urdu: موسیٰ (mūsā)

→ Uzbek: Muso

From Classical Syriac ܡܘܼܫܹܐ (mūšē), from Biblical Hebrew מֹשֶׁה (mōšê).

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ آذَوْا مُوسَى فَبَرَّأَهُ اللَّهُ مِمَّا قَالُوا وَكَانَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَجِيهًا

O you who have believed, be not like those who abused Moses; then Allah cleared him of what they said. And he, in the sight of Allah, was distinguished.

yā ʔayyuhā llaḏīna ʔāmanū lā takūnū kāllaḏīna ʔāḏaw mūsā fabarraʔahu l-lahu mimmā qālū wakāna ʕinda l-lahi wajīhan


نوح

ar-proper noun

نُوح • (nūḥ) m

نُوح (canonical)
nūḥ (romanization)
نُوح (definite informal singular triptote)
نُوحٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
نُوحًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
نُوحٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Bashkir: Нух (Nux)

Bengali: নূহ (nuh)

Hindi: नूह (nūh)

Swahili: Nuhu

Turkish: Nuh

Audio

From Classical Syriac ܢܘܿܚ (nōḥ), from Biblical Hebrew נֹחַ (nōaẖ). Related to the native root ن و خ (n w ḵ).

ar-root

ن و خ (n w ḵ)

وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِ فَلَبِثَ فِيهِمْ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ إِلَّا خَمْسِينَ عَامًا

Indeed, We sent Noah to his people, and he remained among them for a thousand years, less fifty.

walaqad ʔarsalnā nūḥan ʔilā qawmihi falabiṯa fīhim ʔalfa sanatin ʔillā ḵamsīna ʕāman


إسبانية

ar-proper noun

إِسْبَانِيَة

إِسْبَانِيَة • (ʔisbāniya) f

إِسْبَانِيَة (canonical)
ʔisbāniya (romanization)
إِسْبَانِيَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
إِسْبَانِيَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
إِسْبَانِيَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
إِسْبَانِيَةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)
إِسْبَانِيَا (alternative)

ar-decl-noun

إِسْبَانِيَة:di

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


نقاش

ar-proper noun

نَقَّاش • (naqqāš) ?

نَقَّاش (canonical)
naqqāš (romanization)

Occupational noun from the root ن ق ش (n q š).

ar-root

ن ق ش (n q š)


المدينة المنورة

ar-proper noun

الْمَدِينَة الْمُنَوَّرَة

الْمَدِينَة الْمُنَوَّرَة • (al-madīna l-munawwara) f

الْمَدِينَة الْمُنَوَّرَة (canonical)
al-madīna l-munawwara (romanization)
الْمَدِينَة الْمُنَوَّرَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
الْمَدِينَةُ الْمُنَوَّرَةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
الْمَدِينَةَ الْمُنَوَّرَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
الْمَدِينَةِ الْمُنَوَّرَةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

From مَدِينَة (madīna, “city”) and مُنَوَّرَة (munawwara, “illuminated, shining”). Literally, "the shining city".

ar:المدينة المنورة


القريتان

اَلْقَرْيَتَان

اَلْقَرْيَتَان • (al-qaryatān) f du

اَلْقَرْيَتَان (canonical)
al-qaryatān (romanization)
الْقَرْيَتَيْن (definite dual informal)
الْقَرْيَتَانِ (definite dual nominative)
الْقَرْيَتَيْنِ (accusative definite dual)
الْقَرْيَتَيْنِ (definite dual genitive)

the two cities of Mecca and Taif, in Saudi Arabia

the two cities of Mecca and Medina, in Saudi Arabia


جبال الألب

جِبَال اَلْأَلْب

جِبَال اَلْأَلْب • (jibāl al-ʔalb) pl

جِبَال اَلْأَلْب (canonical)
jibāl al-ʔalb (romanization)
جِبَال الْأَلْب (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
جِبَالُ الْأَلْبِ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
جِبَالَ الْأَلْبِ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
جِبَالِ الْأَلْبِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)

Alps (a mountain range in Western Europe)


جبال الأوراس

جِبَال الأُورَاس

جِبَال الأُورَاس • (jibāl al-ʾurās) pl

جِبَال الأُورَاس (canonical)
jibāl al-ʾurās (romanization)

the Aurès Mountains, northeastern Algeria.


جبل سينا

جَبَل سِينَا

جَبَل سِينَا • (jabal sīnā) m

جَبَل سِينَا (canonical)
jabal sīnā (romanization)
جَبَل سِينَا (definite informal singular triptote)
جَبَلُ سِينَا (definite nominative singular triptote)
جَبَلَ سِينَا (accusative definite singular triptote)
جَبَلِ سِينَا (definite genitive singular triptote)

طُور سَيْنَاء
طور سيناء#Arabic

synonym of طُور سَيْنَاء (ṭūr saynāʔ)


جبل طارق

جَبَل طَارِق

جَبَل طَارِق • (jabal ṭāriq) m

جَبَل طَارِق (canonical)
jabal ṭāriq (romanization)
جَبَل طَارِق (definite informal singular triptote)
جَبَلُ طَارِقٍ (definite nominative singular triptote)
جَبَلَ طَارِقٍ (accusative definite singular triptote)
جَبَلِ طَارِقٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Literally, “mountain of Tariq”, named after Tariq ibn Ziyad, who led the Umayyad conquest of Hispania.

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)

Strait of Gibraltar
Strait of Gibraltar#English

Gibraltar, Strait of Gibraltar (a strait connecting the Mediterranean to the Atlantic between Gibraltar and Morocco; in full, Strait of Gibraltar)


جبل سيناء

جَبَل سَيْنَاء

جَبَل سِينَاء

جَبَل سَيْنَاء or جَبَل سِينَاء • (jabal saynāʔ or jabal sīnāʔ) m

جَبَل سَيْنَاء (canonical)
جَبَل سِينَاء (canonical)
jabal saynāʔ (romanization)
jabal sīnāʔ (romanization)
جَبَل سَيْنَاء (definite informal singular triptote)
جَبَل سِينَاء (definite informal singular triptote)
جَبَلُ سَيْنَاءَ (definite nominative singular triptote)
جَبَلُ سِينَاءٍ (definite nominative singular triptote)
جَبَلَ سَيْنَاءَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
جَبَلَ سِينَاءٍ (accusative definite singular triptote)
جَبَلِ سَيْنَاءَ (definite genitive singular triptote)
جَبَلِ سِينَاءٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

طُور سَيْنَاء
طور سيناء#Arabic

synonym of طُور سَيْنَاء (ṭūr saynāʔ)


طور سيناء

طُور سَيْنَاء

طُور سِينَاء

طُور سَيْنَاء or طُور سِينَاء • (ṭūr saynāʔ or ṭūr sīnāʔ) m

طُور سَيْنَاء (canonical)
طُور سِينَاء (canonical)
ṭūr saynāʔ (romanization)
ṭūr sīnāʔ (romanization)
طُور سَيْنَاء (definite informal singular triptote)
طُور سِينَاء (definite informal singular triptote)
طُورُ سَيْنَاءَ (definite nominative singular triptote)
طُورُ سِينَاءٍ (definite nominative singular triptote)
طُورَ سَيْنَاءَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
طُورَ سِينَاءٍ (accusative definite singular triptote)
طُورِ سَيْنَاءَ (definite genitive singular triptote)
طُورِ سِينَاءٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)
طُور سِينَا (alternative)
طُور سِينِينَ (alternative)

وَشَجَرَةً تَخْرُجُ مِنْ طُورِ سَيْنَاءَ تَنْبُتُ بِالدُّهْنِ وَصِبْغٍ لِلْآكِلِينَ

And a tree issuing from Mount Sinai which produces oil and food for those who eat.

wa-šajaratan taḵruju min ṭūri saynāʔa tanbutu bi-d-duhni wa-ṣibḡin li-l-ʔākilīna


طور سينا

طُور سِينَا • (ṭūr sīnā) m

طُور سِينَا (canonical)
ṭūr sīnā (romanization)
طُور سِينَا (definite informal singular triptote)
طُورُ سِينَا (definite nominative singular triptote)
طُورَ سِينَا (accusative definite singular triptote)
طُورِ سِينَا (definite genitive singular triptote)

طُور سَيْنَاء
طور سيناء#Arabic

alternative form of طُور سَيْنَاء (ṭūr saynāʔ)


الجزيرة

الْجَزِيرَة • (al-jazīra) f

الْجَزِيرَة (canonical)
al-jazīra (romanization)

Upper Mesopotamia
Upper Mesopotamia#English

Al-Jazira, Upper Mesopotamia (a plain in northwest Mesopotamia)

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Al Jazirah (a settlement in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates)

Algeciras (a port city in Andalusia, Spain)


النرويج

اَلنُّرْوِيج

اَلنُّرْوِيج • (an-nurwīj) f

اَلنُّرْوِيج (canonical)
an-nurwīj (romanization)
نُرْوِيج (alternative)
النُّرْوِج (alternative)
نُرْوِج (alternative)

Norway (a country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe)


أرسطو

أَرِسْطُو • (ʔarisṭū) m

أَرِسْطُو (canonical)
ʔarisṭū (romanization)
أَرِسْطُو (definite informal invariable singular)
أَرِسْطُو (definite invariable nominative singular)
أَرِسْطُو (accusative definite invariable singular)
أَرِسْطُو (definite genitive invariable singular)

→ Azerbaijani: Ərəstun

→ Hebrew: אריסטו (aristo)

desctree

→ Persian: ارسطو (arastu)
→ Bihari: अरस्तू
→ Gujarati: અરિસ્તૂ (aristū), અરસ્તુ (arastu)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: अरस्तू (arastū)
Urdu: ارسطو (arastu)
→ Maithili: अरस्तु (arastʉ)
→ Nepali: अरस्तू (arastū)
→ Punjabi: ਅਰਸਤੂ (arastū)

→ Swahili: Aristo

→ Turkish: Aristo

From Ancient Greek Ἀριστοτέλης (Aristotélēs).


عزيز

ar-proper noun

عَزِيز • (ʕazīz) m

عَزِيز (canonical)
ʕazīz (romanization)
عَزِيز (definite informal singular triptote)
عَزِيزٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
عَزِيزًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
عَزِيزٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

→ Azerbaijani: əziz

→ Bashkir: Ғәзиз (Ğəziz)

→ Ottoman Turkish: عزیز (aziz)

Turkish: aziz

→ Classical Persian: عَزِیز (azīz) (see there for further descendants)

→ Chagatai:

Uyghur: ئەزىز (eziz)

Uzbek: aziz


بعل

بَعْل • (baʕl) m

بَعْل (canonical)
baʕl (romanization)
بَعْل (definite informal singular triptote)
بَعْلٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
بَعْلًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
بَعْلٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

→ Persian: بعل (ba'l)

→ Urdu: بعل (ba'l)

→ Uzbek: Baʼl

أَتَدْعُونَ بَعْلًا وَتَذَرُونَ أَحْسَنَ الْخَالِقِينَ

Do ye call upon ˹the idol of˺ Ba’l and abandon the Best of Creators—

ʔatadʕūna baʕlan wataḏarūna ʔaḥsana l-ḵāliqīna


هلسنكي

هِلْسِنْكِي (canonical)
hilsinkī (romanization)
helsinkī (romanization)
هِلْسِنْكِي (definite diptote informal singular)
هِلْسِنْكِي (definite diptote informal singular)
هِلْسِنْكِيُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
هِلْسِنْكِيُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
هِلْسِنْكِيَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
هِلْسِنْكِيَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
هِلْسِنْكِيَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
هِلْسِنْكِيَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

هِلْسِنْكِي:di

هِلْسِنْكِي/helsinkī:di

From Finnish Helsinki, itself derived from Swedish.


مشرق

ar-proper noun

مَشْرِق • (mašriq) m

مَشْرِق (canonical)
mašriq (romanization)

→ Turkish: Meşrik

desc

→ English: Mashreq, Mashriq, Mashrek, Mashrik

Noun of place from the verb شَرْق (šarq, “east”).


مرزوق

ar-proper noun

مَرْزُوق • (marzūq) m

مَرْزُوق (canonical)
marzūq (romanization)
مَرْزُوق (definite informal singular triptote)
مَرْزُوقٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
مَرْزُوقًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
مَرْزُوقٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Derived from the passive participle of the verb رَزَقَ (razaqa, “to bless, to bestow”).


بشرى

بُشْرَى • (bušrā) f

بُشْرَى (canonical)
bušrā (romanization)
بُشْرَى (definite informal invariable singular)
بُشْرَى (definite invariable nominative singular)
بُشْرَى (accusative definite invariable singular)
بُشْرَى (definite genitive invariable singular)

a female given name, Bushra, Bouchra, or Bochra


توراة

التَّوْرَاة • (at-tawrāh) f

التَّوْرَاة (canonical)
at-tawrāh (romanization)
التَّوْرَاة (ar-infl-ah definite informal singular triptote)
التَّوْرَاةُ (ar-infl-ah definite nominative singular triptote)
التَّوْرَاةَ (accusative ar-infl-ah definite singular triptote)
التَّوْرَاةِ (ar-infl-ah definite genitive singular triptote)
تَوْرَىٰة (alternative archaic)

→ Classical Persian: تَوْرَات (tawrāt)

Dari: تَوْرَات (tawrāt)

Iranian Persian: تُوْرَات (towrât)

Tajik: таврот (tavrot)

→ Kazakh: Тәурат (Täurat)

→ Indonesian: Taurat

der

Hebrew תּוֹרָה

the Bible; the New Testament; the Old Testament

الْكِتَاب الْمُقَدَّسالْعَهْد الْجَدِيدالْعَهْد الْقَدِيم


أمستردام

ar-proper noun

أَمْسْتِرْدَام

أَمْسْتِرْدَام • (ʔamstirdām) f

أَمْسْتِرْدَام (canonical)
ʔamstirdām (romanization)
أَمْسْتِرْدَام (definite diptote informal singular)
أَمْسْتِرْدَامُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
أَمْسْتِرْدَامَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
أَمْسْتِرْدَامَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

أَمْسْتِرْدَام:di

Amsterdam (a city and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands; the capital city of the Netherlands)


أنوار

ar-proper noun

أَنْوَار • (ʔanwār) f

أَنْوَار (canonical)
ʔanwār (romanization)
أَنْوَار (definite diptote informal singular)
أَنْوَارُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
أَنْوَارَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
أَنْوَارَ (definite diptote genitive singular)


أنور

أَنْوَر • (ʔanwar) m

أَنْوَر (canonical)
ʔanwar (romanization)
أَنْوَر (definite diptote informal singular)
أَنْوَرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
أَنْوَرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
أَنْوَرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Albanian: Enver

desc

→ Bashkir: Әнүәр (Ənwər), Менәүрә (Menəwrə)

→ Chinese: 安瓦爾 /安瓦尔 (Ānwǎ'ěr) (transliteration)

→ English: Anwar

→ Indonesian: Anwar

→ Malay: Anwar

→ Ottoman Turkish: انور

→ Turkish: Enver

→ Uzbek: Anvar

Elative of نَيِّر (nayyir, “bright, shining, luminous”).


فرج

فَرَج (canonical)
faraj (romanization)
فَرَج (definite informal singular triptote)
فَرَجٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
فَرَجًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
فَرَجٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Maltese: faraġ

→ Swahili: faraja


فاطر

ar-proper noun

فَاطِر • (fāṭir) f

فَاطِر (canonical)
fāṭir (romanization)
فَاطِر (definite diptote informal singular)
فَاطِرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
فَاطِرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
فَاطِرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Derived from the active participle of فَطَرَ (faṭara, “to create”), from the root ف ط ر (f ṭ r).

ar-root

ف ط ر (f ṭ r)

سُورَة فَاطِر
سورة فاطر#Arabic

short for سُورَة فَاطِر (sūra(t) fāṭir, “The 35th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an”)


بنين

ar-proper noun

بِنِين • (binīn) f


أور

أُور • (ʔūr) m

Tell el-Muqayyar
Tell el-Muqayyar#English

Ur (ancient Sumerian city in Mesopotamia, in modern Iraq; modern Tell el-Muqayyar)


شام

شَام • (šām) m

etymon

الشَّام>syria

الشَّام الشام#Arabic


سلا

ar-proper noun

سَلَا • (salā) f

سَلَا (canonical)
salā (romanization)
سَلَا (definite informal invariable singular)
سَلَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
سَلَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
سَلَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

From Latin Sala Colonia, from Punic 𐤔𐤏𐤋𐤕 (šʿlt).

Salé (a city in Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco)


أيلول

أَيْلُول • (ʔaylūl) m

أَيْلُول (canonical)
ʔaylūl (romanization)
أَيْلُول (definite diptote informal singular)
أَيْلُولُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
أَيْلُولَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
أَيْلُولَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Persian: ایلول (eylul)

From Classical Syriac ܐܝܠܘܠ (ˀīlūl), ultimately from Akkadian 𒌚𒆥 (ulūlu). Cognate with Hebrew אֱלוּל (ˀĕlul, “Elul, the sixth month of the Hebrew lunisolar calendar”).

cognate

(Mashreq, especially Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, Iraq) September (ninth month of the Gregorian and Julian calendars)

especially Syria; Jordan; especially Syria; Jordan


عامر

ar-proper noun

عَامِر • (ʕāmir) m

عَامِر (canonical)
ʕāmir (romanization)
عَامِر (definite informal singular triptote)
عَامِرٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
عَامِرًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
عَامِرٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Derived from the active participle of the verb عَمُرَ (ʕamura, “to be inhabited, be cultivated”).


أورانيا

أَوْرَانِيَا

أَوْرَانِيَا • (ʔawrāniyā) f

أَوْرَانِيَا (canonical)
ʔawrāniyā (romanization)

(Greek mythology) Urania, the Muse of astronomy.


مؤمن

ar:مؤمن (اسم)

مُؤْمِن • (muʔmin) m

مُؤْمِن (canonical)
muʔmin (romanization)

→ Turkish: Mümin

Derived from the active participle of the verb آمَنَ (ʔāmana, “to believe”).


عزرائيل

عَزْرَائِيل or عِزْرَائِيل • (ʕazrāʔīl or ʕizrāʔīl) m

عَزْرَائِيل (canonical)
عِزْرَائِيل (canonical)
ʕazrāʔīl (romanization)
ʕizrāʔīl (romanization)
عَزْرَائِيل (definite diptote informal singular)
عِزْرَائِيل (definite diptote informal singular)
عَزْرَائِيلُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
عِزْرَائِيلُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
عَزْرَائِيلَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
عِزْرَائِيلَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
عَزْرَائِيلَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
عِزْرَائِيلَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

عَزْرَائِيلُ

عِزْرَائِيلُ

Bashkir: Ғазраил (Ğazrail)

English: Azrael

French: Azraël

German: Azrael

Kazakh: Әзірейіл (Äzıreiıl)


أورانوس

ar-proper noun

أُورَانُوس • (ʔūrānūs) m

أُورَانُوس (canonical)
ʔūrānūs (romanization)
أُورَانُوس (definite diptote informal singular)
أُورَانُوسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
أُورَانُوسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
أُورَانُوسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

أُورَانُوس/ʾuranōs:di

Borrowed from English Uranus. Ultimately from
From Latin Ūranus, from Ancient Greek Οὐρανός (Ouranós), from οὐρανός (ouranós, “sky, heaven”).

القُزَح

the personified force of weather or clouds


جنين

ar-proper noun

جِنِين • (jinīn) f

جِنِين (canonical)
jinīn (romanization)
جِنِين (definite diptote informal singular)
جِنِينُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
جِنِينَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
جِنِينَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar:جنين
ar:جنين (مدينة)

Grammatically belongs to the root ج ن ن (j n n).

Jenin (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


جبار

جُبَار • (jubār) m

جُبَار (canonical)
jubār (romanization)
جُبَار (definite diptote informal singular)
جُبَارُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
جُبَارَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
جُبَارَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Appellative for some martial god, whose name then stood for planets and then like Latin diēs Mārtis or Proto-West Germanic *Tīwas dag after war-gods for Tuesday.

days of the week: أَيَّامُ ٱلْأُسْبُوعِ فِي مَا قَبْلَ ٱلْإِسْلَام: أَوْل~أَوَّل · أَهْوَن~أَوْهَد~أَهْوَد · جُبَار · دُبَار · مُؤْنِس · عَرُوبَة · شِيَار [edit]


بطرس

بُطْرُس • (buṭrus) m

بُطْرُس (canonical)
buṭrus (romanization)
بُطْرُس (definite diptote informal singular)
بُطْرُسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بُطْرُسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بُطْرُسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πέτρος (Pétros).

bor+

(Christianity) Peter, foremost among the Twelve Disciples, and later a leading Apostle, in the New Testament.

a male given name from Ancient Greek, equivalent to English Peter


بور

ar-proper noun

بُور • (būr) ?


إبليس

إِبْلِيس • (ʔiblīs) m

إِبْلِيس (canonical)
ʔiblīs (romanization)
إِبْلِيس (definite diptote informal singular)
إِبْلِيسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
إِبْلِيسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
إِبْلِيسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Maltese: blis

→ Azerbaijani: iblis

→ Bashkir: иблис (iblis)

→ English: Iblis, Iblees, Eblis

→ Indonesian: iblis

→ Kazakh: ібіліс (ıbılıs)

→ Kyrgyz: ибилис (ibilis)

→ Northern Kurdish: îblîs

→ Ottoman Turkish: ابلیس (iblis)

> Turkish: iblis (inherited)

→ Portuguese: beliz

→ Swahili: Ibilisi

→ Tatar: иблис (iblis)

→ Toba Batak: ᯘᯪᯅᯬᯞᯪᯘ᯲ (sibolis)

→ Uyghur: ئىبلىس (iblis)

→ Uzbek: iblis

→ Yoruba: bìlísì

Theorised to come from Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos, “devil, accuser, slanderer”). Alternatively, it has been maintained to originate from the trilateral root ب ل س (b l s) with the meaning of "despairing [of God's mercy] or confounded [and unable to see the right course]" from the verb أَبْلَسَ (ʔablasa). This would, however, require the trilateral root to take the form if'īl which, excepting إحليل, is usually associated with words of non-Arabic origin (see: إدريس, إكليل, إنجيل, إبريز, and إبريق).

see

وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ ٱسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ أَبَى وَٱسْتَكْبَرَ وَكَانَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ

And [mention] when We said to the angels, "Prostrate before Adam"; so they prostrated, except for Iblees. He refused and was arrogant and became of the disbelievers.

waʔiḏ qulnā lilmalāʔikati sjudū liʔādama fasajadū ʔillā ʔiblīsa ʔabā wastakbara wakāna mina l-kāfirīna


أوروبا

ar-proper noun

أُورُوبَّا • (ʔūrubbā) f

أُورُوبَّا (canonical)
ʔūrubbā (romanization)
أُورُوبَّا (definite informal invariable singular)
أُورُوبَّا (definite invariable nominative singular)
أُورُوبَّا (accusative definite invariable singular)
أُورُوبَّا (definite genitive invariable singular)
أُورُبَّا (alternative)
أُورُبَّة (alternative)
أُورُوبَّة (alternative)

ar-decl-noun

أُورُوبَّا/ʔūrubbā

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Εὐρώπη (Eurṓpē).

Europe (a continent located west of Asia and north of Africa)


كان

ar-proper noun

كان • (kān) ?


كان

كَان • (Kān) ?


أمين

أَمِين • (ʔamīn) m (feminine أَمِينَة (ʔamīna))

أَمِين (canonical)
ʔamīn (romanization)
أَمِينَة (feminine)
أَمِين (definite informal singular triptote)
أَمِينٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
أَمِينًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
أَمِينٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Gulf Arabic: امين (amīn)

→ Middle Armenian: Էմին (Ēmin)

Armenian: Էմին (Ēmin)

→ Azerbaijani: Əmin

→ Persian: امین (amin)

→ Turkish: Emin

From the root ء م ن (ʔ m n), related to أَمِنَ (ʔamina, “to be safe”), أَمُنَ (ʔamuna, “to be faithful”).

ar-root

ء م ن (ʔ m n)


الأمين

ar-proper noun

الْأَمِين • (al-ʔamīn) m

الْأَمِين (canonical)
al-ʔamīn (romanization)
الْأَمِين (definite informal singular triptote)
الْأَمِينُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْأَمِينَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْأَمِينِ (definite genitive singular triptote)


هارون

هَارُون • (hārūn) m

هَارُون (canonical)
hārūn (romanization)
هَارُون (definite diptote informal singular)
هَارُونُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
هَارُونَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
هَارُونَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ English: Harun

→ Bengali: হারূন (harūn)

→ Hausa: Haruna

→ Kazakh: Һарұн (Harūn)

→ Malay: Harun, Haron

→ Maore Comorian: Haruna

→ Ngazidja Comorian: Haruna

→ Persian: هارون (hârun)

desctree

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Faaron
Portuguese: Faro, Fárão (obsolete)

→ Turkmen: Harun

→ Urdu: ہارون (harūn)

وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُۥ مِن رَّحْمَتِنَا أَخَاهُ هَـٰرُونَ نَبِيًّا

And We appointed for him—out of Our grace—his brother, Aaron, as a prophet.

wawahabnā lahū min raḥmatinā ʔaḵāhu hārūna nabiyyan

a male given name, Haroon, Harun, or Haroun, equivalent to English Aaron


زين

زَيْن (canonical)
zayn (romanization)
زَيْن (definite informal singular triptote)
زَيْنٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
زَيْنًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
زَيْنٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)


هلال

ar-proper noun

هِلَال • (hilāl) ?

Cognate with Hebrew ה־ל־ל (“Forming words relating to being clear and shining”, root) and Ugaritic 𐎅𐎍𐎍 (hll).


قابيل

ar-proper noun

قَابِيل • (qābīl) m

قَابِيل (canonical)
qābīl (romanization)
قَابِيل (definite diptote informal singular)
قَابِيلُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
قَابِيلَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
قَابِيلَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

The initial consonant is from Hebrew קַיִן (qayin), but the word was otherwise restructured to rhyme with هَابِيل (hābīl, “Abel”).


جلجامش

جِلْجَامِش • (gilgāmiš) m

جِلْجَامِش (canonical)
gilgāmiš (romanization)


آخن

آخَن • (ʔāḵan) f

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Aachen (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


البو

اَلْبُو • (albō) ?


كانتون أرجاو

كَانْتُون أَرْجَاو

كَانْتُون أَرْجَاو • (kāntōn ʾargāw) ?

كَانْتُون أَرْجَاو (canonical)
kāntōn ʾargāw (romanization)


جلجثة

جُلْجُثَة • (juljuṯa) f

جُلْجُثَة (canonical)
juljuṯa (romanization)

From the Greek Γολγοθᾶ (Golgothâ) from the Hebrew גּלגּלת.


يسوع

يَسُوع • (yasūʕ) m

يَسُوع (canonical)
yasūʕ (romanization)
يَسُوع (definite diptote informal singular)
يَسُوعُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
يَسُوعَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
يَسُوعَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Kabyle: Yasuɛ

From Aramaic ܝܶܫܽܘܥ (yešūʿ), from Biblical Hebrew יֵשׁוּעַ (yešū́aʿ, “Jesus”), a syncopated form of יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (yəhōšúaʿ, “Joshua”). Doublet of يَشُوع (yašūʕ, “Joshua”) and possibly عِيسَى (ʕīsā, “Jesus”).


لوثيان

ar-proper noun

لُوثِيَان • (luṯiyan) f

لُوثِيَان (canonical)
luṯiyan (romanization)

Lothian (an area and former region of Scotland)


قرطاج

قَرْطَاج • (qarṭāj) m

قَرْطَاج (canonical)
qarṭāj (romanization)


عيسى

عِيسَى • (ʕīsā) m

عِيسَى (canonical)
ʕīsā (romanization)
عِيسَى (definite informal invariable singular)
عِيسَى (definite invariable nominative singular)
عِيسَى (accusative definite invariable singular)
عِيسَى (definite genitive invariable singular)

Maltese: Għisa

→ Armenian: Իսա (Isa)

→ Bashkir: Ғайса (Ğaysa)

desctree

→ Classical Persian: عِیسَیٰ (īsā)
Tajik: Исо (Iso)
→ Chagatai:
Uzbek: Iso
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: ईसा (īsā)
Urdu: عِیسیٰ ('īsā)
→ Kazakh: Иса (İsa), Ыйса (Yisa)
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਈਸਾ (īsā)
Shahmukhi script: عِیسیٰ (ʻīsá)
→ Rohingya: Isá
→ Sylheti: ꠁꠍꠣ (isá)

→ Kabyle: Ɛisa

→ Laz: ისა (isa)

→ Malay: Isa

Indonesian: Isa

→ Swahili: Isa

→ Turkish: İsa

→ Chinese: 爾撒 /尔撒 (Ěrsǎ)

The form is first unambiguously attested in the Qur'an and is of uncertain origin. While the Christian Arabic name يَسُوع (yasūʕ) can be considered a phonetically regular equivalent of Hebrew יֵשׁוּעַ (yēšū́aʿ), which is and has been believed to be Jesus's historic name, the Qur'anic عِيسَى (ʕīsā) seems to be a phonetic modification. The common name Safaitic 𐪒𐪊𐪚 (ʿs¹y) likely represents the same name, but cannot be securely linked to Jesus. Several theories have been brought forward to explain why the letter ayn was apparently shifted from the last to the first position. It has been noted that ayn was not pronounced in some dialects of Aramaic, including that likely spoken by Jesus himself (compare for this Hebrew יֵשׁוּ (yēšū́)). Moreover, there are indications that an unetymological word-initial ayn may have occurred more often in Arabic loans from Aramaic (compare عَمْرُوسَة (ʕamrūsa, “small lamb”) from ܐܷܡܪܘܿܣܬܴܐ (ʾemrōstā) or عَقْر (ʕaqr, “the midst of a house”) from ܐܶܩܪܶܐ (ʾaqrā) ). Dye and Kropp suggest that this may be an orthographic device borrowed from Classical Mandaic, where ayn was lost in pronunciation, but used to indicate long initial /i/. For more information, see Isa (name) on Wikipedia.

doublet

يَسُوع (yasūʕ)

cog

Hebrew יֵשׁוּעַ (yēšū́aʿ)

Hebrew יֵשׁוּ (yēšū́)

(Islam) Jesus (Isa), son of Mary, revered as a major prophet in Islam.

a male given name, equivalent to English Isa


برهان

ar-proper noun

بُرْهَان • (burhān) m

بُرْهَان (canonical)
burhān (romanization)
بُرْهَان (definite diptote informal singular)
بُرْهَانُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بُرْهَانَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بُرْهَانَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

* From the root ب ر ه ن (b r h n), interrelated or derived from the roots ب ر ه (b r h) meaning "to make white", "to clear up", "to restore to a state of youth or innocence" and ب ر ء (b r ʔ) meaning "to be free from wrong", "to be absolved from wrongdoing", "to be without blame", "to be innocent".
* From Ge'ez ብርሃን (bərhan, “light, brightness”), from በርሀ (bärhä, “to be bright, to be clear”).
* From Old South Arabian 𐩨𐩧𐩠𐩬 (brhn, “testimony”).

ar-root

ب ر ء (b r ʔ)

bor

an epithet of the Islamic prophet Muhammad


الكيان الصهيوني

ar-proper noun

الكِيَان الصِّهْيُونِيّ

الكِيَان الصَّهْيُونِيّ

الكِيَان الصِّهْيُونِيّ or الكِيَان الصَّهْيُونِيّ • (al-kiyān aṣ-ṣihyūniyy or al-kiyān aṣ-ṣahyūniyy) m

الكِيَان الصِّهْيُونِيّ (canonical)
الكِيَان الصَّهْيُونِيّ (canonical)
al-kiyān aṣ-ṣihyūniyy (romanization)
al-kiyān aṣ-ṣahyūniyy (romanization)
الْكِيَان الصِّهْيُونِي (definite informal singular triptote)
الْكِيَان الصَّهْيُونِي (definite informal singular triptote)
الْكِيَانُ الصِّهْيُونِيُّ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْكِيَانُ الصَّهْيُونِيُّ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْكِيَانَ الصِّهْيُونِيَّ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْكِيَانَ الصَّهْيُونِيَّ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْكِيَانِ الصِّهْيُونِيِّ (definite genitive singular triptote)
الْكِيَانِ الصَّهْيُونِيِّ (definite genitive singular triptote)


فارس

فَارِس (canonical)
fāris (romanization)
فَارِس (definite diptote informal singular)
فَارِسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
فَارِسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
فَارِسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Persian: فارس (fârs)

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩 (pʾlsy /Pārs/).


محمود

مَحْمُود • (maḥmūd) m

مَحْمُود (canonical)
maḥmūd (romanization)
مَحْمُود (definite informal singular triptote)
مَحْمُودٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
مَحْمُودًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
مَحْمُودٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

→ Azerbaijani: Mahmud

→ English: Mahmood, Mahmoud, Mahmud

→ Portuguese: Mafamude

→ Turkish: Mahmut

desc

→ Chinese: 馬哈茂德 /马哈茂德 (Mǎhāmàodé) (transliteration)

The passive participle of حَمِدَ (ḥamida, “to praise”), from the root ح م د (ḥ m d).

ar-root

ح م د (ḥ m d)

a male given name, Mahmood, Mahmoud, or Mahmud


باقر

ar-proper noun

بَاقِر • (bāqir) m

(defined) Muhammad al-Baqir (fifth Shia Imam)


أرمينيا

أَرْمِينِيَا

أَرْمِينِيَا • (ʔarmīniyā) f

أَرْمِينِيَا (canonical)
ʔarmīniyā (romanization)
أَرْمِينِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
أَرْمِينِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
أَرْمِينِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
أَرْمِينِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
أَرْمِينِيَة (alternative)

ar-decl-noun

أَرْمِينِيَا

From Byzantine Greek Ἀρμενία (Armenía), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 (a-r-mi-i-n /Armina/).


مين

Maine (a state of the United States; probably named for the province in France)


صادق

ar-proper noun

صَادِق • (ṣādiq) m

From صَادِق (ṣādiq), active participle of صَدَقَ (ṣadaqa).

a male given name, Sadiq, Sadeq, or Sadegh


متى

مَتَّى • (mattā) m

مَتَّى (canonical)
mattā (romanization)
مَتَّى (definite informal invariable singular)
مَتَّى (definite invariable nominative singular)
مَتَّى (accusative definite invariable singular)
مَتَّى (definite genitive invariable singular)

(Christianity) Matthew, one of the Twelve Disciples of Jesus and one of the Four Evangelists

(Christianity) Matthew, the first of the four canonical gospels


فتح

فَتْح • (fatḥ) f

(politics) Fatah (a major Palestinian political party and the largest faction of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO))


الشام

الشَّام • (aš-šām) f

الشَّام (canonical)
aš-šām (romanization)
الشَّام (definite informal singular triptote)
الشَّامُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الشَّامَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الشَّامِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
شام (alternative)

From the root ش ء م (š ʔ m), a variant of ش م ل (š m l); contrasted with اليَمَن (al-yaman) from *yamīn- (“right-hand side; southward”). Cognate with Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (s'mól, “left”), Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, “left side”), Aramaic סְמָלָא / ܣܡܠܐ (semālā, “left side”), Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl). The northern sense derives from the left-hand side oriented with the sunrise, also attested in Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩱𐩣 (s²ʾm, “North”).
The “Greater Syria, the Levant” sense is an ellipsis of بِلَاد الشَّام (bilād aš-šām).

ar-root

ش ء م (š ʔ m)

ش م ل (š m l)

cog

Aramaic סְמָלָא

ellipsis

بِلَاد الشَّام

الشَّام القَدِيمَة

Damascus (the capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE)


الشام

ar-proper noun

الشَّام • (aš-šām) m

→ English: Sham

→ Hausa: Shâm

→ Indonesian: Syam

→ Malay: Syam

→ Persian: شام

→ Gujarati: શામ (śām)

→ Hindi: शाम (śām)

→ Ottoman Turkish: شام

desc

→ Abkhaz: Шьам (Šam), Шьамтәыла (Šamtʷʼəla)

→ Ladino: Sham

→ Turkish: Şam

→ Punjabi: شام (śām)

→ Urdu: شام (śām)

ar-root

ش ء م (š ʔ m)

ش م ل (š m l)

cog

Aramaic סְמָלָא

ellipsis

بِلَاد الشَّام

Levant (a cultural region of Western Asia consisting of the eastern Mediterranean countries, i.e. Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Cyprus)


فرعون

ar-proper noun

فِرْعَوْن • (firʕawn) m

فِرْعَوْن (canonical)
firʕawn (romanization)
فِرْعَوْن (definite diptote informal singular)
فِرْعَوْنُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
فِرْعَوْنَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
فِرْعَوْنَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

فِرْعَوْن:di

The word is not attested before the Qurʾān and the probabilities are that the immediate source for the Arabic is the Classical Syriac ܦܹܪܥܘܼܢ (pɛrʕūn).

(without article) Pharaoh (as a title, especially referring to the Quranic/Biblical antagonist of Moses)


آشور

ar-proper noun

آشُور • (ʔāšūr) m

آشُور (canonical)
ʔāšūr (romanization)
آشُور (definite diptote informal singular)
آشُورُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
آشُورَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
آشُورَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
آشُّور (alternative)

(biblical) Ashur (a grandson of Noah in Genesis)

(historical) Assyria (an ancient Semitic Akkadian kingdom and at times an empire, extant from the mid-23rd century BCE to 608 BCE and centred on the Upper Tigris river in northern Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq, but at its maximum extent including parts of modern Iran, Syria, Israel, Palestine and Egypt))


مارسيل

مَارْسِيل • (mārsēl) m

مَارْسِيل (canonical)
mārsēl (romanization)


درويش

دَرْوِيش • (darwīš) ?

دَرْوِيش (canonical)
darwīš (romanization)


بيروت

بَيْرُوت • (bayrūt) f

بَيْرُوت (canonical)
bayrūt (romanization)
بَيْرُوت (definite diptote informal singular)
بَيْرُوتُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بَيْرُوتَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بَيْرُوتَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Cypriot Arabic: Verút

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܒܲܝܪܘܼܬ (bayrūt)

→ Azerbaijani: Beyrut

→ Bashkir: Бәйрүт (Bəyrüt)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बैरूत (bairūt)

Urdu: بَیرُوت (bairūt)

→ Marathi: बैरूत (bairūt)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بیروت (Beyrût)

Turkish: Beyrut

→ Persian: بیروت (beyrut)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬੈਰੂਤ (bairūt)

Shahmukhi script: بَیرُوت (bairūt)

→ Sindhi: بيروت

→ Tatar: Бәйрут (Bäyrut)

→ Uyghur: بەيرۇت (beyrut)

→ Uzbek: Bayrut


تل العمارنة

ar-proper noun

تَلّ العَمَارْنَة

تَلّ العَمَارْنَة • (tall al-ʕamārna) m

تَلّ العَمَارْنَة (canonical)
tall al-ʕamārna (romanization)

Tel el-Amarna (an archaeological site in Egypt)


بعلبك

بَعْلَبَكّ • (baʕlabakk) f

بَعْلَبَكّ (canonical)
baʕlabakk (romanization)
بَعْلَبَكّ (definite diptote informal singular)
بَعْلَبَكُّ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بَعْلَبَكَّ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بَعْلَبَكَّ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Azerbaijani: Bələbək

desc

→ Chagatai: بَعْلَبَک

→ Chagatai: بَعْلَبَک

Uyghur: بەئلەبەك (be'lebek)

Uzbek: Baʼlabak

→ Ottoman Turkish: بعلبك (Baʿlebekk)

Turkish: Balebek

→ Punjabi: بَعْلَبَک (baʻlabak)

→ Persian: بعلبک (ba'labakk)

→ Tajik: Баълабак (Ba'labak)

→ Urdu: بَعْلَبَک (baʿlabak)

Debated. Related to بَعْل (baʕl, “lord”).

unknown

Debated

Baalbek-Hermel Governorate
Baalbek-Hermel Governorate#English

Baalbek (the capital city of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon)


الإسكندرية

ar-proper noun

الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة

الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة • (al-ʔiskandariyya) f

الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة (canonical)
al-ʔiskandariyya (romanization)
الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

إِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة

→ Azerbaijani: İsgəndəriyyə

→ Bashkir: Искәндәриә (İskəndəriə)

desc

→ Chagatai: اسکندریه

→ Chagatai: اسکندریه

Uzbek: Iskandariya

→ Ottoman Turkish: اسكندریه

Turkish: İskenderiye

→ Persian: اسکندریه

→ Persian: اسکندریه

ইস্কান্দরিয়া

→ Bengali: ইস্কান্দরিয়া (iskandoriẏa)

→ Gujarati: ઇસ્કંદરિયા (iskandriyā)

اِسکَندَرِیَہ

→ Punjabi: اِسکَندَرِیَہ (īskandariyah)

اِسکَندَرِیَہ

→ Urdu: اِسکَندَرِیَہ

→ Urdu: اِسکَندَرِیَہ

From Ancient Greek Ἀλεξάνδρεια (Alexándreia), full name Ἀλεξάνδρεια ἡ κατ’ Αἴγυπτον (Alexándreia hē kat’ Aígupton, “Alexandria in Egypt”), with initial Ἀλ- (Al-) reanalyzed as the Arabic definite article, metathesis of ξ /ks/ to /sk/ and the ending -εια (-eia) (pronounced /ia/ in Koine Greek) assimilated to the common Arabic feminine adjectival ending ـِيَّة (-iyya).

ar:الإسكندرية

Alexandria (a city in Virginia, United States)


الاثنين

ar-proper noun

الاِثْنَيْن • (al-iṯnayn) m

الاِثْنَيْن (canonical)
al-iṯnayn (romanization)
الِاثْنَيْن (definite dual informal)
الِاثْنَانِ (definite dual nominative)
الِاثْنَيْنِ (accusative definite dual)
الِاثْنَيْنِ (definite dual genitive)

→ Afar: itlén

→ Maltese: it-Tnejn

→ Malagasy: alatsinainy

→ Wolof: altine

Phono-semantic matching of Classical Syriac ܬܪܷ̈ܝܢ ܒܫܱܒܴ݁ܐ (trēn bəšabbā). Displaced أَهْوَن (ʔahwan).

psm

ܬܪܷ̈ܝܢ ܒܫܱܒܴ݁ܐ

days of the week: أَيَّامُ الْأُسْبُوع: السَّبْت · الْأَحَد · الْاِثْنَيْن · الثُّلَاثَاء · الْأَرْبِعَاء · الْخَمِيس · الْجُمُعَة [edit]


زيتون

ar-proper noun

زَيْتُون • (zaytūn) m

زَيْتُون (canonical)
zaytūn (romanization)
زَيْتُون (definite diptote informal singular)
زَيْتُونُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
زَيْتُونَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
زَيْتُونَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Phono-semantic matching from Chinese 刺桐 (MC tshjeH duwng, “coral tree”) in 刺桐城 (MC tshjeH duwng dzyeng, “coral tree town”), an old name for Quanzhou.

ltc-l

(historical) Zayton, the medieval trade name of the ports of Zhangzhou and Quanzhou in Fujian, China


كبر

كُبَّر (canonical)
kubbar (romanization)
كُبَّر (definite diptote informal singular)
كُبَّرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
كُبَّرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
كُبَّرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Kubbar, an uninhabited island in the Bay of Kuwait


سمرقند

ar-proper noun

سَمَرْقَنْد • (samarqand) f

سَمَرْقَنْد (canonical)
samarqand (romanization)
سَمَرْقَنْد (definite diptote informal singular)
سَمَرْقَنْدُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
سَمَرْقَنْدَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
سَمَرْقَنْدَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

سَمَرْقَنْد:di

Samarkand (a city in eastern Uzbekistan)


بولاق

ar-proper noun

بُولَاق • (būlāq) m

بُولَاق (canonical)
būlāq (romanization)


ميخائيل

مِيخَائِيل • (mīḵāʔīl) m

مِيخَائِيل (canonical)
mīḵāʔīl (romanization)
مِيخَائِيل (definite diptote informal singular)
مِيخَائِيلُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
مِيخَائِيلَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
مِيخَائِيلَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

bor

Hebrew מִיכָאֵל (mīḵāʾēl)

a male given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English Michael


جبرائيل

ar-proper noun

جَبْرَائِيل or جِبْرَائِيل • (jabrāʔīl or jibrāʔīl) m

جَبْرَائِيل (canonical)
جِبْرَائِيل (canonical)
jabrāʔīl (romanization)
jibrāʔīl (romanization)
جِبْرَائِيل (definite diptote informal singular)
جِبْرَائِيلُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
جِبْرَائِيلَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
جِبْرَائِيلَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
جِبْرِيل (alternative)
جَبْرِيل (alternative)
جَبْرَئِيل (alternative)
جَبْرَئِل (alternative)
جَبْرَئِلّ (alternative)
جِبْرَايِيل (alternative)
جَبْرِين (alternative)
جِبْرِين (alternative)

ar-decl-noun

جِبْرَائِيلُ

→ Albanian: Xhebraili

→ Azerbaijani: Cəbrayıl

→ Bengali: জিব্রাইল (jibrail)

→ Chechen: Джабраил (Džabrail)

→ English: Jibril

→ French: Djibril

→ Hausa: Jibirilu

→ Northern Kurdish: Cebraîl

→ Macedonian: Џибрил (Džibril)

→ Malay: Jibril

Indonesian: Jibril

→ Ngazidja Comorian: Djibril

→ Occitan: Dgibril

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: جبرائیل (Cebrâil), جبرئیل (Cebreîl)

Turkish: Cebrail, Cebrâil

→ Persian: جبرئیل (jebra'il), جبرییل (Jebrayīl), جبریل (Jebrīl)

→ Rohingya: Jibrail

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Џибрил

Latin script: Džibril

→ Somali: Jibriil

→ Tatar: Җибрил (Cibril), Җәбраил (Cäbrail)

→ Tamil: கேப்ரியல் (kēpriyal)

→ Telugu: గాబ్రియేల్ (gābriyēl)

→ Uyghur: جەبرائىل (jebra'il)

From Hebrew גַּבְרִיאֵל (gavri'él, gaḇrīʾēl), from גַּבְרִי אֵל (gavrí 'él, gaḇrī ʾēl, “my hero is God”).

(Islam, Christianity, Judaism) the archangel Gabriel


أحمد

ar-proper noun

أَحْمَد • (ʔaḥmad) m

أَحْمَد (canonical)
ʔaḥmad (romanization)
أَحْمَد (definite diptote informal singular)
أَحْمَدُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
أَحْمَدَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
أَحْمَدَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Azerbaijani: Əhməd

→ Dutch: Achmed, Achmad

desc

→ English: Aahmed, Achmat, Achmet, Ahmad, Ahmed

→ Hausa: Āhmàd

→ Northern Kurdish: Ehmed

→ Maguindanao: Akmad, Ahmad

→ Malay: Ahmad

Indonesian: Ahmad, Achmad, Akhmad

→ Maranao: Akmad, Acmad

→ Ottoman Turkish: احمد (Ahmed)

Turkish: Ahmet

→ Russian: Ахмед (Axmed), Ахмет (Axmet), Ахмат (Axmat)

→ Somali: Axmed

→ Uyghur: ئەھمەد (ehmed), ئاھمەد (ahmed)

→ Chinese: 艾哈邁德 /艾哈迈德 (Àihāmàidé) (transliteration)

Elative of حَمِيد (ḥamīd, “praiseworthy; benign”).


التبت

اَلتِّبِت (canonical)
at-tibit (romanization)

Tibet (a geographic region in Central Asia, the homeland of the Tibetan people)


موسكو

ar-proper noun

مُوسْكُو • (muskū, mūskū, mōskū, mōskō) f

مُوسْكُو (canonical)
muskū (romanization)
mūskū (romanization)
mōskū (romanization)
mōskō (romanization)
مُوسْكُو (definite informal invariable singular)
مُوسْكُو (definite invariable nominative singular)
مُوسْكُو (accusative definite invariable singular)
مُوسْكُو (definite genitive invariable singular)


الأرض

الْأَرْض • (al-ʔarḍ) f

الْأَرْض (canonical)
al-ʔarḍ (romanization)
الْأَرْض (definite informal singular triptote)
الْأَرْضُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْأَرْضَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْأَرْضِ (definite genitive singular triptote)


نمسا

نَمْسَا or نِمْسَا • (namsā or nimsā) f

نَمْسَا (canonical)
نِمْسَا (canonical)
namsā (romanization)
nimsā (romanization)

اَلنَّمْسَا النمسا#Arabic

only used in اَلنَّمْسَا (an-namsā, “Austria”)

اَلنِّمْسَا النمسا#Arabic

only used in اَلنِّمْسَا (an-nimsā, “Austria”)


جمهورية مصر العربية

جُمْهُورِيَّة مِصْر الْعَرَبِيَّة

جُمْهُورِيَّة مِصْر الْعَرَبِيَّة • (jumhūriyyat miṣr al-ʿarabiyya) f

جُمْهُورِيَّة مِصْر الْعَرَبِيَّة (canonical)
jumhūriyyat miṣr al-ʿarabiyya (romanization)
جُمْهُورِيَّة مِصْر الْعَرَبِيَّة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
جُمْهُورِيَّةُ مِصْرَ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
جُمْهُورِيَّةَ مِصْرَ الْعَرَبِيَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
جُمْهُورِيَّةِ مِصْرَ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

جُمْهُورِيَّة

Arab Republic of Egypt
Arab Republic of Egypt#English:_Q79

Arab Republic of Egypt (official name of Egypt: a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


إيطاليا

ar-proper noun

إِيطَالِيَا • (ʔīṭāliyā) f

إِيطَالِيَا (canonical)
ʔīṭāliyā (romanization)
إِيطَالِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
إِيطَالِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
إِيطَالِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
إِيطَالِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
إِيطَالِيَة (alternative)
إِطَالِيَة (alternative obsolete)


أفغانستان

أَفْغَانِسْتَان

أَفْغَانِسْتَان • (ʔafḡānistān) f

أَفْغَانِسْتَان (canonical)
ʔafḡānistān (romanization)
أَفْغَانِسْتَان (definite informal singular triptote)
أَفْغَانِسْتَانٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
أَفْغَانِسْتَانًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
أَفْغَانِسْتَانٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

أَفْغَانِسْتَان

Borrowed from Classical Persian اَفْغَانِسْتَان (afġānistān).

bor+

اَفْغَانِسْتَان

Afghanistan (a landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


أندورا

ar-proper noun

أَنْدُورَا • (ʔandūrā) f

أَنْدُورَا (canonical)
ʔandūrā (romanization)

Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


أنغولا

أَنْغُولَا • (ʔanḡōlā) f

أَنْغُولَا (canonical)
ʔanḡōlā (romanization)


يريفان

يِرِيفَان • (yirifān) m

يِرِيفَان (canonical)
yirifān (romanization)


بكين

بِكِين (canonical)
bikīn (romanization)
pikīn (romanization)

Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)
ar:بكين

Ultimately from the Nanking court dialect Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng), from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/. Compare English Peking, French Pékin, Persian پکن (pekan), Portuguese Pequim and Russian Пеки́н (Pekín).


طوكيو

طُوكِيُو • (ṭūkiyū) f

طُوكِيُو (canonical)
ṭūkiyū (romanization)
طُوكِيُو (definite informal invariable singular)
طُوكِيُو (definite invariable nominative singular)
طُوكِيُو (accusative definite invariable singular)
طُوكِيُو (definite genitive invariable singular)

ja-r

東京(とうきょう) (Tōkyō)

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan)


واشنطن

ar-proper noun

وَاشِنْطُن • (wāšinṭun) f

وَاشِنْطُن (canonical)
wāšinṭun (romanization)
وَاشِنْطُن (definite diptote informal singular)
وَاشِنْطُنُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
وَاشِنْطُنَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
وَاشِنْطُنَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

وَاشِنْطُن:di

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

Washington, Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)

Washington State
Washington State#English

Washington, Washington State (a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States)


الرباط

ar-proper noun

الرِّبَاط or الرَّبَاط • (ar-ribāṭ or ar-rabāṭ) f

الرِّبَاط (canonical)
الرَّبَاط (canonical)
ar-ribāṭ (romanization)
ar-rabāṭ (romanization)
الرِّبَاط (definite informal singular triptote)
الرَّبَاط (definite informal singular triptote)
الرِّبَاطُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الرَّبَاطُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الرِّبَاطَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الرَّبَاطَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الرِّبَاطِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
الرَّبَاطِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Rabat (the capital city of Morocco, and capital city of the region of Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco)


مسقط

ar:مسقط
ar:مسقط (عمان)

مَسْقَط • (masqaṭ) f

مَسْقَط (canonical)
masqaṭ (romanization)
مَسْقَط (definite informal singular triptote)
مَسْقَطٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
مَسْقَطًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
مَسْقَطٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)


أبوظبي

أَبُوظَبْي • (ʔabūẓaby) f

أَبُوظَبْي (canonical)
ʔabūẓaby (romanization)

أَبُو ظَبْي
أبو ظبي#Arabic

alternative spelling of أَبُو ظَبْي (ʔabū ẓaby): Abu Dhabi (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates; the capital of Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates)

أَبُو ظَبْي

أَبُو ظَبْي
أبو ظبي#Arabic

alternative spelling of أَبُو ظَبْي (ʔabū ẓaby): Abu Dhabi (an emirate of the United Arab Emirates)


دمشق

دِمَشْق • (dimašq) f

دِمَشْق (canonical)
dimašq (romanization)
دِمَشْق (definite diptote informal singular)
دِمَشْقُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
دِمَشْقَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
دِمَشْقَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

دِمَشْق القَدِيمَة

Damascus (the capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE)


طرابلس

طَرَابُلُس • (ṭarābulus) f

طَرَابُلُس (canonical)
ṭarābulus (romanization)
طَرَابُلُس (definite diptote informal singular)
طَرَابُلُسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
طَرَابُلُسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
طَرَابُلُسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
أَطْرَابُلُس (alternative Arabic Medieval)

→ Azerbaijani: Tərabülüs

desc

→ Classical Persian: طَرَابُلُس (tarābulus)

→ Hausa: Tarabulus

→ Ottoman Turkish: طرابلس (tarabülüs)

→ Urdu: طرابلس (tarābulus)

→ Uyghur: تەرابۇلۇس (terabulus)

→ Uzbek: Tarobulus

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Τρίπολις (Trípolis).


الخرطوم

ar-proper noun

الْخُرْطُوم • (al-ḵurṭūm) f

الْخُرْطُوم (canonical)
al-ḵurṭūm (romanization)
الْخُرْطُوم (definite informal singular triptote)
الْخُرْطُومُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْخُرْطُومَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْخُرْطُومِ (definite genitive singular triptote)


موريتانيا

مُورِيتَانِيَا

مُورِيتَانِيَا • (mūrītāniyā) f

مُورِيتَانِيَا (canonical)
mūrītāniyā (romanization)
مُورِيتَانِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
مُورِيتَانِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
مُورِيتَانِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
مُورِيتَانِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

ar-decl-noun

مُورِيتَانِيَا

ar:موريتانيا


نواكشوط

ar-proper noun

نُوَاكْشُوط or نَوَاكْشُوط • (nuwākšuṭ or nawākšuṭ) f

نُوَاكْشُوط (canonical)
نَوَاكْشُوط (canonical)
nuwākšuṭ (romanization)
nawākšuṭ (romanization)
نُوَاكْشُوط (definite informal singular triptote)
نَوَاكْشُوط (definite informal singular triptote)
نُوَاكْشُوطٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
نَوَاكْشُوطٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
نُوَاكْشُوطًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
نَوَاكْشُوطًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
نُوَاكْشُوطٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)
نَوَاكْشُوطٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

نُوَاكْشُوط/nuwākšuṭ

نَوَاكْشُوط/nawākšuṭ

Ultimately from Berber, meaning “place of the winds”.

Nouakchott (the capital city of Mauritania)


صنعاء

ar-proper noun

صَنْعَاء • (ṣanʕāʔ) f

صَنْعَاء (canonical)
ṣanʕāʔ (romanization)
صَنْعَاء (definite diptote informal singular)
صَنْعَاءُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
صَنْعَاءَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
صَنْعَاءَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Azerbaijani: Səna

→ English: Sanaa

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: صنعا (san'a)
Turkish: San'a

→ Persian: صنعا (san'â)

Tajik: Санъо (San'o)

→ Tatar: Сәнга (Sänga)

From Old South Arabian 𐩮𐩬𐩲𐩥 (ṣnʿw); 𐩮𐩬𐩲 (ṣnʿ) is also found as a town-name. Both are of trivial derivation from 𐩮𐩬𐩲 (ṣnʿ, “to work, to work upon, to fortify”) cognate to Arabic صَنَعَ (ṣanaʕa).

Sanaa (the capital and largest city of Yemen)


اليمن

اَلْيَمَن (canonical)
al-yaman (romanization)
الْيَمَن (definite informal singular triptote)
الْيَمَنُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْيَمَنَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْيَمَنِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Related to يَمِين (yamīn, “right (side)”); originally, denoted the south, as it was the cardinal direction to one's right when facing the sun. It's one of the Arabic country names which requires the definite article اَل (al-).


الدوحة

ar-proper noun

الدَّوْحَة • (ad-dawḥa) f

الدَّوْحَة (canonical)
ad-dawḥa (romanization)
الدَّوْحَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
الدَّوْحَةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
الدَّوْحَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
الدَّوْحَةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

From the definite form of دَوْحَة (dawḥa).


البحرين

الْبَحْرَيْن

الْبَحْرَيْن • (al-baḥrayn) f

الْبَحْرَيْن (canonical)
al-baḥrayn (romanization)

Compound of the article اَل (al-) + بَحْر (baḥr, “sea”) + ـَيْن (-ayn), literally “the two seas”. It is one of the Arabic country names that require the definite article اَل (al-).


المنامة

ar-proper noun

الْمَنَامَة • (al-manāma) f

الْمَنَامَة (canonical)
al-manāma (romanization)
الْمَنَامَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
الْمَنَامَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
الْمَنَامَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
الْمَنَامَةِ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)


السودان

السُّودَان • (as-sūdān) m

السُّودَان (canonical)
as-sūdān (romanization)
السُّودَان (definite informal singular triptote)
السُّودَانُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
السُّودَانَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
السُّودَانِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

From سودان (sūdān) + ال (al-). Historically, the term was used to refer to Black Africa (Sub-Saharan region) in general, as the root word سُود (sūd) means "Blacks". It's one of the Arabic country names, which requires the definite article ال (al-).

Sudan (a country in North Africa and East Africa)


فؤاد

فُؤَاد • (fuʔād) m

→ Gujarati: ફુવાદ (phuvād)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: فؤاد (Fuâd)
Turkish: Fuat


تشاد

ar-proper noun

تْشَاد • (tšād) f


جيبوتي

جِيبُوتِي • (jībūtī) f

جِيبُوتِي (canonical)
jībūtī (romanization)


سورية

سُورِيَة • (sūriya) f

سُورِيَة (canonical)
sūriya (romanization)

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


الصومال

الصُّومَال • (aṣ-ṣūmāl) m

الصُّومَال (canonical)
aṣ-ṣūmāl (romanization)
الصُّومَال (definite informal singular triptote)
الصُّومَالُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الصُّومَالَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الصُّومَالِ (definite genitive singular triptote)


إرتريا

إِرِتْرِيَا • (ʔiritriyā) f

إِرِتْرِيَا (canonical)
ʔiritriyā (romanization)
إِرِتْرِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
إِرِتْرِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
إِرِتْرِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
إِرِتْرِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

إِرِيتْرِيَا إريتريا#Arabic

alternative form of إِرِيتْرِيَا (ʔirītriyā)


أسمرة

أَسْمَرَة • (ʔasmara) f

أَسْمَرَة (canonical)
ʔasmara (romanization)
أَسْمَرَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
أَسْمَرَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
أَسْمَرَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
أَسْمَرَةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

أَسْمَرَا أسمرا#Arabic

alternative spelling of أَسْمَرَا (ʔasmarā, “Asmara (the capital city of Eritrea)”)


نجامينا

نِجَامِينَا • (nijamīnā) f

نِجَامِينَا (canonical)
nijamīnā (romanization)


إنجامينا

إِنْجَامِينَا

إِنْجَامِينَا • (ʾinjamīnā) f

إِنْجَامِينَا (canonical)
ʾinjamīnā (romanization)


الصحراء الغربية

الصَّحْرَاء الْغَرْبِيَّة

الصَّحْرَاء الْغَرْبِيَّة • (aṣ-ṣaḥrāʔ al-ḡarbiyya) f

الصَّحْرَاء الْغَرْبِيَّة (canonical)
aṣ-ṣaḥrāʔ al-ḡarbiyya (romanization)
الصَّحْرَاء الْغَرْبِيَّة (definite diptote informal singular)
الصَّحْرَاءُ الْغَرْبِيَّةُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
الصَّحْرَاءَ الْغَرْبِيَّةَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
الصَّحْرَاءِ الْغَرْبِيَّةِ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Western Sahara
Western Sahara#English:_Q6250

Western Sahara (a territory and former Spanish colony in North Africa, now mostly occupied by Morocco, which claims ownership over the territory)

ar:الصحراء الغربية


برلين

بَرْلِين • (barlīn) f

بَرْلِين (canonical)
barlīn (romanization)
بَرْلِين (definite diptote informal singular)
بَرْلِينُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بَرْلِينَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بَرْلِينَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)


مدريد

مَدْرِيد • (madrīd) f

مَدْرِيد (canonical)
madrīd (romanization)
مَدْرِيد (definite diptote informal singular)
مَدْرِيدُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
مَدْرِيدَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
مَدْرِيدَ (definite diptote genitive singular)


أوكرانيا

أُوكْرَانِيَا

أُوكْرَانِيَا • (ʔukrāniyā) f

أُوكْرَانِيَا (canonical)
ʔukrāniyā (romanization)
أُوكْرَانِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
أُوكْرَانِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
أُوكْرَانِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
أُوكْرَانِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
أُكْرَانْيَا (alternative)

ar-decl-noun

أُوكْرَانِيَا

Internationalism, ultimately from Old East Slavic оукраина (ukraina).

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


بيلاروسيا

ar-proper noun

بِيلَارُوسِيَا

بِيلَارُوسِيَا • (bīlārūsiyā) f

بِيلَارُوسِيَا (canonical)
bīlārūsiyā (romanization)
بِيلَارُوسِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
بِيلَارُوسِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
بِيلَارُوسِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
بِيلَارُوسِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

ar-decl-noun

بِيلَارُوسِيَا

Internationalism, ultimately from Russian Белоруссия (Belorussija).

ar:روسيا البيضاء


سيئول

ar-proper noun

سِيئُول • (siʾūl) m

سِيئُول (canonical)
siʾūl (romanization)


سيول

سِيُول • (siyūl) f


مقديشو

مَقَدِيشُو or مَقْدِيشُو • (maqadīšū or maqdīšū) f

مَقَدِيشُو (canonical)
مَقْدِيشُو (canonical)
maqadīšū (romanization)
maqdīšū (romanization)
مَقَدِيشُو (definite informal invariable singular)
مَقْدِيشُو (definite informal invariable singular)
مَقَدِيشُو (definite invariable nominative singular)
مَقْدِيشُو (definite invariable nominative singular)
مَقَدِيشُو (accusative definite invariable singular)
مَقْدِيشُو (accusative definite invariable singular)
مَقَدِيشُو (definite genitive invariable singular)
مَقْدِيشُو (definite genitive invariable singular)

From Persian مقعد (maq'ad, “seat”) + شاه (šâh, “shah”), "seat of the Shah."


مكة

مَكَّة (canonical)
makka (romanization)
مَكَّة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
مَكَّةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
مَكَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
مَكَّةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܲܟܵܐ (Makkā)

→ Azerbaijani: Məkkə

→ Bashkir: Мәккә (Məkkə)

→ Bengali: মক্কা (Mokka)

→ English: Mecca

→ Malay: Mekah

Ottoman Turkish: مكه (Mekke)

Turkish: Mekke

→ Persian: مکه (Makke)

→ Swahili: Makka

Of uncertain etymology. Variously explained as
* From a similar name بَكَّة (bakka) appearing in the Quran
* Possibly from Ge'ez ምኵራብ (məkʷrab, “sanctuary, temple”), doublet of مِحْرَاب (miḥrāb); compare Greek Μακοράβα (Makoráva).

bor

مَكَّة الْمُكَرَّمَة

وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِي كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنْكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُمْ بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ مِنْ بَعْدِ أَنْ أَظْفَرَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَانَ ٱللّٰهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرًا

And it is He who withheld their hands from you and your hands from them within [the area of] Makkah after He caused you to overcome them. And ever is Allah of what you do, Seeing.

wa-huwa llaḏī kaffa ʔaydiyahum ʕankum wa-ʔaydiyakum ʕanhum bi-baṭni makkata min baʕdi ʔan ʔaẓfarakum ʕalayhim wa-kāna llāhu bi-mā taʕmalūna baṣīran


عدن

ar-proper noun

عَدْن • (ʕadn) m

عَدْن (canonical)
ʕadn (romanization)
عَدْن (definite informal singular triptote)
عَدْنٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
عَدْنًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
عَدْنٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

The sense “Eden” is a borrowing from Biblical Hebrew עֵדֶן (ʿḗden). The meaning “to stay, to remain” appears to be denominal verb of عِدَّان (ʕiddān, “set time; set place of staying”), with it of use particular to Bedouins, only the meaning “to strike” the original Arabic meaning, whence transferred “to break up the soil to manure”.

denominal verb

جَزَاؤُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ جَنَّٰتُ عَدْنٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا

Their reward is with their Lord - the gardens of Eden [with] rivers running beneath them - wherein they abide forever.

jazāʔuhum ʕinda rabbihim jannātu ʕadnin tajrī min taḥtihā l-ʔanhāru ḵālidīna fīhā ʔabadan

وَكَانَ نَهْرٌ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ عَدْنٍ لِيَسْقِيَ ٱلْجَنَّةَ، وَمِنْ هُنَاكَ يَنْقَسِمُ فَيَصِيرُ أَرْبَعَةَ رُؤُوسٍ.

1865 CE, Bible (SVD), Book of Genesis, 2:10:

And a river is going out from Eden to water the garden, and from there it is parted, and has become four chief [rivers];

wakāna nahrun yaḵruju min ʕadnin liyasqiya l-jannata, wamin hunāka yanqasimu fayaṣīru ʔarbaʕata ruʔūsin.


عدن

ar-proper noun

عَدَن • (ʕadan) m

عَدَن (canonical)
ʕadan (romanization)
عَدَن (definite diptote informal singular)
عَدَنُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
عَدَنَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
عَدَنَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Aden (a port city, the largest city in Yemen; the former capital of South Yemen)


السويس

اَلسُّوَيْس • (as-suways) m

اَلسُّوَيْس (canonical)
as-suways (romanization)

Suez (a port city, the capital city of Suez governorate, Egypt)