معنى

مَعْنًى • (maʕnan) m (construct state مَعْنَى (maʕnā), dual مَعْنَيَانِ (maʕnayāni), plural مَعَانٍ (maʕānin), plural construct state مَعَانِي (maʕānī))

مَعْنًى (canonical)
maʕnan (romanization)
مَعْنَى (construct)
مَعْنَيَانِ (dual)
مَعَانٍ (plural)
مَعَانِي (construct plural)
مَعْنَى (ar-infl-an-maksura indefinite informal singular)
الْمَعْنَى (ar-infl-an-maksura definite informal singular)
مَعْنَى (ar-infl-an-maksura construct informal singular)
مَعْنًى (ar-infl-an-maksura indefinite nominative singular)
الْمَعْنَى (ar-infl-an-maksura definite nominative singular)
مَعْنَى (ar-infl-an-maksura construct nominative singular)
مَعْنًى (accusative ar-infl-an-maksura indefinite singular)
الْمَعْنَى (accusative ar-infl-an-maksura definite singular)
مَعْنَى (accusative ar-infl-an-maksura construct singular)
مَعْنًى (ar-infl-an-maksura genitive indefinite singular)
الْمَعْنَى (ar-infl-an-maksura definite genitive singular)
مَعْنَى (ar-infl-an-maksura construct genitive singular)
مَعْنَيَيْن (ar-infl-an-maksura dual indefinite informal singular)
الْمَعْنَيَيْن (ar-infl-an-maksura definite dual informal singular)
مَعْنَيَيْ (ar-infl-an-maksura construct dual informal singular)
مَعْنَيَانِ (ar-infl-an-maksura dual indefinite nominative singular)
الْمَعْنَيَانِ (ar-infl-an-maksura definite dual nominative singular)
مَعْنَيَا (ar-infl-an-maksura construct dual nominative singular)
مَعْنَيَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-an-maksura dual indefinite singular)
الْمَعْنَيَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-an-maksura definite dual singular)
مَعْنَيَيْ (accusative ar-infl-an-maksura construct dual singular)
مَعْنَيَيْنِ (ar-infl-an-maksura dual genitive indefinite singular)
الْمَعْنَيَيْنِ (ar-infl-an-maksura definite dual genitive singular)
مَعْنَيَيْ (ar-infl-an-maksura construct dual genitive singular)
مَعَانِي (ar-infl-in broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural)
الْمَعَانِي (ar-infl-in broken-form definite diptote informal plural)
مَعَانِي (ar-infl-in broken-form construct diptote informal plural)
مَعَانٍ (ar-infl-in broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural)
الْمَعَانِي (ar-infl-in broken-form definite diptote nominative plural)
مَعَانِي (ar-infl-in broken-form construct diptote nominative plural)
مَعَانِيَ (accusative ar-infl-in broken-form diptote indefinite plural)
الْمَعَانِيَ (accusative ar-infl-in broken-form definite diptote plural)
مَعَانِيَ (accusative ar-infl-in broken-form construct diptote plural)
مَعَانٍ (ar-infl-in broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural)
الْمَعَانِي (ar-infl-in broken-form definite diptote genitive plural)
مَعَانِي (ar-infl-in broken-form construct diptote genitive plural)

Gulf Arabic: معنى (maʕna)

Moroccan Arabic: معنى (maʕna)

North Levantine Arabic: معنى (maʕna)

South Levantine Arabic: معنى (maʕna)

→ Azerbaijani: məna

→ Bashkir: мәғәнә (məğənə)

→ Bengali: মানে (mane)

→ Hausa: ma'ana

→ Hindi: मअनी (maanī)

→ Persian: معنی (ma'ni)

→ Kazakh: мағына (mağyna)

→ Kyrgyz: маани (maani)

→ Malay: makna

→ Middle Armenian: մանէ (manē)

→ Pashto: معنى (ma'nã), معنا (ma'nã)

→ Swahili: maana

→ Tajik: маънӣ (maʾni), маъно (maʾno)

→ Turkish: mana

desc

→ Tatar: мәгънә (mäğnä)

→ Tatar: мәгънә (mäğnä)

→ Turkmen: many

→ Uyghur: مەنە (mene)

→ Urdu: معنی (ma'nī)

→ Uzbek: maʼno

From the root ع ن ي (ʕ-n-y), from the verb عَنَى (ʕanā, “to be on someone's mind”).

rhetorical expression, figurative expression


محمد

ar-proper noun

مُحَمَّد • (muḥammad) m

مُحَمَّد (canonical)
muḥammad (romanization)
مُحَمَّد (definite informal singular triptote)
مُحَمَّدٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
مُحَمَّدًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
مُحَمَّدٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Maltese: Mħammed

→ Azerbaijani: Məhəmməd

→ Chinese: 穆罕默德 (Mùhǎnmòdé)

→ English: Muhammad

→ Malay: Muhammad

desc

→ Malayalam: മുഹമ്മദ് (muhammadŭ), മൊഹമ്മദ് (mohammadŭ), മമ്മദ് (mammadŭ), മമ്മത് (mammatŭ)

→ Maltese: Muħammed

→ Classical Persian: مُحَمَّد (muhammad) (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Mafomede
Portuguese: Mafamede, Mafomede, Mofamede, Maomé

→ Ottoman Turkish: محمد (see there for further descendants)

→ Spanish: Mahoma
→ Tagalog: Mahoma

desc

→ Tamil: முகம்மது (mukammatu), முகமது (mukamatu)

Root
 ح م د (ḥ m d)
 0 terms
Derived from the passive participle of the verb حَمَّدَ (ḥammada, “to praise, commend, laud”).

وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ

Muhammad is not but a messenger. Messengers have passed on before him.

wa-mā muḥammadun ʔillā rasūlun qad ḵalat min qablihi r-rusulu

a male given name, variously transliterated as: Muhammad, Mohammed, Mahomet, etc. (see Muhammad for an extensive list)


حزب الله

ar-proper noun

حِزْبُ ٱللّٰه

حِزْبُ ٱللّٰه • (ḥizbu llāh) m

حِزْبُ ٱللّٰه (canonical)
ḥizbu llāh (romanization)

Literally: “the party of God”, after Quran 5:56: فَإنَّ حِزْبَ اللهِ هُمُ الْغالِبُون (faʔinna ḥizba llāhi humu l-ḡālibūn, “the party of God [i.e. those who side with God] are victorious”). Shiites interpret this verse as referring to the Twelve Imams and those who support them.


ث

head

ث / ث / ث / ث

ث / ث / ث / ث • (ṯāʔ)

Derived from ت (t), and originally written as such (in rasm) by analogy with Nabatean tradition, as Nabatean cognates of Arabic words with /θ/ were indiscriminately spelled using 𐢞 (t).

ثَاء ثاء#Arabic

The fourth letter of the Arabic alphabet. Its name is ثَاء (ṯāʔ) and is preceded by ت (t) and followed by ج (j).


ج

ج / جـ / ـجـ / ـج

ج / جـ / ـجـ / ـج • (jīm)

جـ (canonical)
ـجـ (canonical)
ـج (canonical)
jīm (romanization)

From the Nabataean letter 𐢄 (l, “gimel”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤂 (l, “gimel”), from an uncertain Egyptian hieroglyph (𓌙?). See also Classical Syriac ܓ (l, “gimel”), Hebrew ג (l, “gimel”), Ancient Greek Γ (G), Latin C and Latin G.

جِيم جيم#Arabic

The fifth letter of the Arabic alphabet. Its name is جِيم (jīm), and is preceded by ث (ṯ) and followed by ح (ḥ).


ج

جَمْع جمع#Arabic

(lexicography) Abbreviation of جَمْع (jamʕ, “plural”).


ح

ح / ح / ح / ح

ح / ح / ح / ح • (ḥāʔ)

From the Nabataean letter 𐢊 (l, “heth”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤇 (l, “heth”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓎛. See also Classical Syriac ܚ (l, “heth”), Hebrew ח (l, “chet”), Ancient Greek Η (Ē), Latin H.

حَاء حاء#Arabic

The sixth letter of the Arabic alphabet. Its name is حَاء (ḥāʔ), and is preceded by ج (j) and followed by خ (ḵ).


خ

خ / خ / خ / خ

خ / خ / خ / خ • (ḵāʔ)

Derived from ح (ḥ), and originally written as such (in rasm) by analogy with Nabatean tradition, as Nabatean cognates of Arabic words with /x/ were indiscriminately spelled using 𐢊 (ḥ).

خَاء خاء#Arabic

The seventh letter of the Arabic alphabet. Its name is خَاء (ḵāʔ), and is preceded by ح (ḥ) and followed by د (d).


د

From the Nabataean letter 𐢅 (l, “dalet”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤃 (l, “dalet”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓉿. See also Classical Syriac ܕ (l, “dalet”), Hebrew ד (l, “daleth”), Ancient Greek Δ (D), Latin D.

دَال دال#Arabic

The eighth letter of the Arabic alphabet. Its name is دَال (dāl), and is preceded by خ (ḵ) and followed by ذ (ḏ).


ذ

ذ / ذ • (ḏāl)

Derived from د (d), and originally written as such (in rasm) by analogy with Nabatean tradition, as Nabatean cognates of Arabic words with /ð/ were indiscriminately spelled using 𐢅 (d).

ذَال ذال#Arabic

The ninth letter of the Arabic alphabet. Its name is ذَال (ḏāl), and is preceded by د (d) and followed by ر (r).


ز

ز / ز (canonical)
zāy (romanization)
zayn (romanization)

From the Nabataean letter 𐢉 (l, “zayin”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤆 (l, “zayin”), from an uncertain Egyptian hieroglyph (𓈔?). See also Classical Syriac ܙ (l, “zayin”), Hebrew ז (l, “zayin”), Ancient Greek ζ (z), Latin Z.

The eleventh letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ر (r) and followed by س (s).


س

س / س / س / س

From Nabataean 𐢝 (š), from Classical Syriac ܫ (š), from Aramaic ש (š), from Imperial Aramaic 𐡔 (š), from the Egyptian 𓌒.
This letter stood for /ʃ/ in Aramaic. 𐢖 was not adopted into the Arabic alphabet because of the following considerations:
Proto-Semitic has three fricatives that became sibilants in descendant languages: ś, š, s. In Arabic ś gave /ʃ/, but š and s merged to /s/. In Old Aramaic all three sibilants were distinguished, and s was represented by 𐢖 / ס / 𐡎 while 𐢝 / ש / 𐡔 represented both ś and š. This orthography persisted in later Aramaic even to the time of the Nabataeans, when the pronunciation of ś merged with that of s /s/.
So when a scribe wanted to write the Arabic sound /ʃ/ from ś, he did so by using 𐢝 / س purposefully in order to stick to a letter form that looks the same in the cognate Aramaic words. But when he wanted to write an Arabic sound /s/ from Proto-Semitic š, he would defy the Aramaic spelling for this Proto-Semitic phoneme were he to represent this Arabic phoneme by the sign 𐢖 / ס / 𐡎, whereas Arabic-Aramaic word pairs with the Proto-Semitic s are – somewhat by coincidence – rare and there was hence only negligible pressure to employ 𐢖 / ܣ / ס / 𐡎, in total. So the impression was that 𐢝 / ש / 𐡔 / س is the most typical sign to write /s/ while the other possible sign fell out of use.

The twelfth letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ز (z) and followed by ش (š).


ش

ش / ش / ش / ش

ش / ش / ش / ش • (šīn)

From Proto-Semitic *šinn- (“tooth”), the source of سن (sinn). The association of "tooth" with this letter was the result of folk etymology and based on the corresponding Phoenician letter, 𐤔 (š), having a shape resembling a tooth. The letter originally depicted a composite bow, which usually has the tips curving away from the archer when unstrung.
Related to Classical Syriac ܫ, Hebrew ש, Phoenician 𐤔 (š), Russian ш (š), Aramaic ܫ. More at Shin. It is the only letter of the Arabic alphabet with three dots with a letter corresponding to a letter in the Northwest Semitic abjad or the Phoenician alphabet.

The thirteenth letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by س (s) and followed by ص (ṣ).


ص

ص / ص / ص / ص

ص / ص / ص / ص • (ṣād)

From the Nabataean letter 𐢙 (ṣ, “ṣade”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤑 (ṣ, “ṣade”), from an uncertain Egyptian hieroglyph (𓇑?). See also ܨ (ṣ, “ṣade”), צ (ts, “tsadi”), Cyrillic Ц.

The fourteenth letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ش (š) and followed by ض (ḍ).


ض

ض / ض / ض / ض

ض / ض / ض / ض • (ḍād)

It is hypothesized that the original pronunciation of the letter was a pharyngealised lateral fricative /ɮˤ/. The sound that was represented the letter ḍād in the Arabic alphabet when it was introduced is somewhat uncertain, most likely being introduced on late 7th to early 8th centuries. Early on, its sound was merged with ظ (ẓ) /ðˤ/, a merger that is reflected in all colloquial dialects. In dialects with stopping of dental fricatives, both were then shifted further to /dˤ/. When the ability to produce the sound /ɮˤ/ waned some time after its loss from actual speech, the Quran readers reassigned the stop /dˤ/ to ض (ḍ) in order to maintain its distinction from ظ (ẓ).

The fifteenth letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ص (ṣ) and followed by ط (ṭ).


ط

ط / طـ / ـطـ / ـط

ط / طـ / ـطـ / ـط • (ṭāʔ)

طـ (canonical)
ـطـ (canonical)
ـط (canonical)
ṭāʔ (romanization)

From Nabataean 𐢋, from Syriac ܛ, from Aramaic ט, from Imperial Aramaic 𐡈 (ṭ), from the Egyptian 𓄤.

The sixteenth letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ض (ḍ) and followed by ظ (ẓ).


ظ

ظ / ظ / ظ / ظ

ظ / ظ / ظ / ظ • (ẓāʔ)

Derived from ط (ṭ), and originally written as such (in rasm) by analogy with Nabatean tradition, as Nabatean cognates of Arabic words with /ðˤ/ were indiscriminately spelled using 𐢋 (ṭ).

The seventeenth letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ط (ṭ) and followed by ع (ʕ).


ع

ع / ع / ع / ع

From the Nabataean letter 𐢗 (ʿ, “ʿayn”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤏 (ʿ, “ʿayn”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁹. See also Classical Syriac ܥ (ʿ, “ʿe”), Hebrew ע (ʿ, “ʿayin”), Ancient Greek Ο (O), Latin O.

The eighteenth letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ظ (ẓ) and followed by غ (ḡ).


غ

غ / غ / غ / غ

Derived from ع (ʕ), and originally written as such (in rasm) by analogy with Nabatean tradition, as Nabatean cognates of Arabic words with /ɣ/ were indiscriminately spelled using 𐢗 (ʿ).

The nineteenth letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ع (ʕ) and followed by ف (f).


ڢ

(archaic, Maghreb, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Mauritania) The twentieth letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by غ (ḡ) and followed by ڧ (q).


ڧ

يُنْڢِڧُوںَ

(archaic, Maghreb, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Mauritania) The twenty-first letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ڢ (f) and followed by ك (k).


ف

ف / ف / ف / ف

ف / ف / ف / ف • (fāʔ)

From the Nabataean letter 𐢘 (p, “pē”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤐 (p, “pē”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓂋. See also Classical Syriac ܦ (p, “pē”), Hebrew פ (p, “pe”), Ancient Greek Π (P), Latin P.

The twentieth letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by غ (ḡ) and followed by ق (q).


ق

ق / ق / ق / ق

From the Nabataean letter 𐢏 (q, “qoph”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤒 (q, “qop”), from an uncertain Egyptian hieroglyph (𓃻?). See also Classical Syriac ܩ (q, “qūp”), Hebrew ק (q, “qūph”), Ancient Greek Φ (Ph), Latin Q.

The twenty-first letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ف (f) and followed by ك (k).


ك

ك / كـ / ـكـ / ـك

ك / كـ / ـكـ / ـك • (kāf)

كـ (canonical)
ـكـ (canonical)
ـك (canonical)
kāf (romanization)

The eleventh letter in traditional abjad order, which is used in place of numerals for list numbering (abjad numerals). It is preceded by ى and followed by ل (l).


ل

ل / ل / ل / ل

From the Nabataean Aramaic letter 𐢑 (l, “lamadh”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤋 (l, “lāmed”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓌅. See also Classical Syriac ܠ (l, “lāmadh”), Hebrew ל (l, “lamed”), Ancient Greek Λ (L), Latin L.

The twenty-third letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ك (k) and followed by م (m).


م

م / مـ / ـمـ / ـم

م / مـ / ـمـ / ـم • (mīm)

مـ (canonical)
ـمـ (canonical)
ـم (canonical)
mīm (romanization)

From the Nabataean letter 𐢓 (m, “mim”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤌 (m, “mem”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓈖. See also Classical Syriac ܡ (m, “mīm”), Hebrew מ (m, “mem”), Ancient Greek Μ (M), Latin M.

the twenty-fourth letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ل (l) and followed by ن (n)


ن

ن / ن / ن / ن

From the Nabataean letter 𐢕 (l, “nun”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤍 (l, “nun”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓆓. See also Classical Syriac ܢ (l, “nun”), Hebrew נ (l, “nun”), Ancient Greek Ν (N), Latin N.

The twenty-fifth letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by م (m) and followed by ه (h).


ه

ه / هـ / ـهـ / ـه

ه / هـ / ـهـ / ـه • (hāʔ)

هـ (canonical)
ـهـ (canonical)
ـه (canonical)
hāʔ (romanization)

From the Nabataean letter 𐢇 (l, “he”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤄 (l, “he”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓀠. See also Classical Syriac ܗ (l, “he”), Hebrew ה (l, “he”), Ancient Greek Ε (E), Latin E.

Alternative form: (alternative isolate form) هـ (h-)

The twenty-sixth letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ن (n) and followed by و (w).


ي

ي / يـ / ـيـ / ـي

ي / يـ / ـيـ / ـي • (yāʔ)

يـ (canonical)
ـيـ (canonical)
ـي (canonical)
yāʔ (romanization)

Persian: ی

From the Nabataean letter 𐢍 (l, “yodh”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤉 (l, “yodh”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓂝. See also Classical Syriac ܝ (l, “yodh”), Hebrew י (l, “yodh”), Ancient Greek Ι (I), Latin I and Latin J.

The twenty-eighth and final letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by و (w).


قهوة

ar-noun

قَهْوَة • (qahwa) f (plural قَهَوَات (qahawāt) or قَهَاوٍ (qahāwin))

قَهْوَة (canonical)
qahwa (romanization)
قَهَوَات (plural)
قَهَاوٍ (plural)
قَهْوَة (ar-infl-a indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْقَهْوَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
قَهْوَة (ar-infl-a construct informal singular triptote)
قَهْوَةٌ (ar-infl-a indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْقَهْوَةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
قَهْوَةُ (ar-infl-a construct nominative singular triptote)
قَهْوَةً (accusative ar-infl-a indefinite singular triptote)
الْقَهْوَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
قَهْوَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a construct singular triptote)
قَهْوَةٍ (ar-infl-a genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْقَهْوَةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)
قَهْوَةِ (ar-infl-a construct genitive singular triptote)
قَهْوَتَيْن (ar-infl-a dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْقَهْوَتَيْن (ar-infl-a definite dual informal singular triptote)
قَهْوَتَيْ (ar-infl-a construct dual informal singular triptote)
قَهْوَتَانِ (ar-infl-a dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْقَهْوَتَانِ (ar-infl-a definite dual nominative singular triptote)
قَهْوَتَا (ar-infl-a construct dual nominative singular triptote)
قَهْوَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْقَهْوَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a definite dual singular triptote)
قَهْوَتَيْ (accusative ar-infl-a construct dual singular triptote)
قَهْوَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْقَهْوَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a definite dual genitive singular triptote)
قَهْوَتَيْ (ar-infl-a construct dual genitive singular triptote)
قَهَوَات (ar-infl-in broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural)
قَهَوَات (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
قَهَاوِي (ar-infl-in broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural)
قَهَاوِي (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
الْقَهَوَات (ar-infl-in broken-form definite diptote informal plural)
الْقَهَوَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
الْقَهَاوِي (ar-infl-in broken-form definite diptote informal plural)
الْقَهَاوِي (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
قَهَوَات (ar-infl-in broken-form construct diptote informal plural)
قَهَوَات (construct feminine informal plural sound-form)
قَهَاوِي (ar-infl-in broken-form construct diptote informal plural)
قَهَاوِي (construct feminine informal plural sound-form)
قَهَوَاتٌ (ar-infl-in broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural)
قَهَوَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
قَهَاوٍ (ar-infl-in broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural)
قَهَاوٍ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
الْقَهَوَاتُ (ar-infl-in broken-form definite diptote nominative plural)
الْقَهَوَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
الْقَهَاوِي (ar-infl-in broken-form definite diptote nominative plural)
الْقَهَاوِي (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
قَهَوَاتُ (ar-infl-in broken-form construct diptote nominative plural)
قَهَوَاتُ (construct feminine nominative plural sound-form)
قَهَاوِي (ar-infl-in broken-form construct diptote nominative plural)
قَهَاوِي (construct feminine nominative plural sound-form)
قَهَوَاتٍ (accusative ar-infl-in broken-form diptote indefinite plural)
قَهَوَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
قَهَاوِيَ (accusative ar-infl-in broken-form diptote indefinite plural)
قَهَاوِيَ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
الْقَهَوَاتِ (accusative ar-infl-in broken-form definite diptote plural)
الْقَهَوَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
الْقَهَاوِيَ (accusative ar-infl-in broken-form definite diptote plural)
الْقَهَاوِيَ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
قَهَوَاتِ (accusative ar-infl-in broken-form construct diptote plural)
قَهَوَاتِ (accusative construct feminine plural sound-form)
قَهَاوِيَ (accusative ar-infl-in broken-form construct diptote plural)
قَهَاوِيَ (accusative construct feminine plural sound-form)
قَهَوَاتٍ (ar-infl-in broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural)
قَهَوَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
قَهَاوٍ (ar-infl-in broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural)
قَهَاوٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
الْقَهَوَاتِ (ar-infl-in broken-form definite diptote genitive plural)
الْقَهَوَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
الْقَهَاوِي (ar-infl-in broken-form definite diptote genitive plural)
الْقَهَاوِي (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
قَهَوَاتِ (ar-infl-in broken-form construct diptote genitive plural)
قَهَوَاتِ (construct feminine genitive plural sound-form)
قَهَاوِي (ar-infl-in broken-form construct diptote genitive plural)
قَهَاوِي (construct feminine genitive plural sound-form)

→ Azerbaijani: qəhvə

→ Bashkir: ҡәһүә (qəhwə)

→ Chagatai: قهوه

Uyghur: قەھۋە (qehwe)

Uzbek: qahva

→ French: caoua, cahoua, kahoua, kawa

→ Ge'ez: ቃሕዋ (ḳaḥwa)

→ Hebrew: קַהְוָה (kahvá)

→ Japanese: カフワ (kafuwa)

→ Lishana Deni: קהוא (qahwa)

desctree

→ Malay: kahwa
Indonesian: kahwa
→ Maranao: kahawa
→ Tausug: kahawa
→ Yakan: kahawa

→ Ottoman Turkish: قهوه (kahve) (see there for further descendants)

→ Pashto: قهوه (qahwa)

→ Classical Persian: قَهْوَه (qahwa)
Tajik: қаҳва (qahva)
→ Gujarati: કહવા (kahvā)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: क़हवा (qahvā)
Urdu: قَہْوَہ (qahva)
→ Punjabi: قَہْوَہ (qahvah)
→ Sindhi: قَهِوو (qahivo)

→ Swahili: kahawa

→ Tatar: каһвә (qahwä)

Derived by medieval philologists from the root ق ه ي (q-h-y), relating to satiety, with the meaning of "wine", explained by Ibn Manẓūr that "it was named thus since it surfeits the drinker of it and takes away his desire". The "coffee" sense is ultimately of disputed origin. According to Watkins, the original meaning could have been "dark stuff," related to Hebrew כָּהָה (“dull, weak, dim”), Aramaic ܩܗܐ (qəhā, “to be(come) blunt, to be(come) dull”), Arabic قَهِيَ (qahiya, “to be/become weak, lack hunger”).
Originally meaning a "brew", the word referred to mulled wine, and later to coffee, possibly since intoxicants were traditionally mixed and served hot in a similar manner to coffee, featuring many overlapping spices and the hospitality etiquette of modern-day Arab coffee culture. Culturally other words were re-purposed from wine to coffee with the advent of the traditionalist Muslim prohibition on intoxication. Other synonyms for "to brew" utilize the same trilateral roots as wine and intoxicants; see خ م ر (ḵ-m-r), meaning to cover over, presumably with hot water, to let sit, to steep, to let ferment or to give suitable time for food to be prepared for use.
Alternatively, some sources trace the term back to the Omotic Kaffa, the name of the region in Ethiopia where coffee was first grown; however, the word used to mean wine in earlier Arabic, more than half a millennium before this Kingdom existed, which makes any associations dubious.


ريال

ar-noun

رِيَال • (riyāl) m (plural رِيَالَات (riyālāt))

رِيَال (canonical)
riyāl (romanization)
رِيَالَات (plural)
رِيَال (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الرِّيَال (definite informal singular triptote)
رِيَال (construct informal singular triptote)
رِيَالٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الرِّيَالُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
رِيَالُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
رِيَالًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الرِّيَالَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
رِيَالَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
رِيَالٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الرِّيَالِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
رِيَالِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
رِيَالَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الرِّيَالَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
رِيَالَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
رِيَالَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الرِّيَالَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
رِيَالَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
رِيَالَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الرِّيَالَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
رِيَالَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
رِيَالَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الرِّيَالَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
رِيَالَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
رِيَالَات (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
الرِّيَالَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
رِيَالَات (construct feminine informal plural sound-form)
رِيَالَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
الرِّيَالَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
رِيَالَاتُ (construct feminine nominative plural sound-form)
رِيَالَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
الرِّيَالَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
رِيَالَاتِ (accusative construct feminine plural sound-form)
رِيَالَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
الرِّيَالَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
رِيَالَاتِ (construct feminine genitive plural sound-form)

Gulf Arabic: ريال (ryāl)

→ Malagasy: ariary
→ English: ariary

→ Persian: ریال (riyâl)

→ Swahili: riali

rial (the official currency of Oman, Yemen, and Iran).


القرآن

ar-proper noun

الْقُرْآن • (al-qurʔān) m

الْقُرْآن (canonical)
al-qurʔān (romanization)
الْقُرْآن (definite informal singular triptote)
الْقُرْآنُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْقُرْآنَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْقُرْآنِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

→ Dutch: Koran

→ English: Koran

→ French: Coran

→ Hebrew: קוראן (kur'án)

→ Classical Persian: قُرْآن (qur'ān) (see there for further descendants)

→ Turkish: Kur'an

الْعَهْد الْقَدِيم

الْكِتَاب الْمُقَدَّس (al-kitāb al-muqaddas, “the Bible”)


ضد

ar-noun

ضِدّ • (ḍidd) m (plural أَضْدَاد (ʔaḍdād))

ضِدّ (canonical)
ḍidd (romanization)
أَضْدَاد (plural)
ضِدّ (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الضِّدّ (definite informal singular triptote)
ضِدّ (construct informal singular triptote)
ضِدٌّ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الضِّدُّ (definite nominative singular triptote)
ضِدُّ (construct nominative singular triptote)
ضِدًّا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الضِّدَّ (accusative definite singular triptote)
ضِدَّ (accusative construct singular triptote)
ضِدٍّ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الضِّدِّ (definite genitive singular triptote)
ضِدِّ (construct genitive singular triptote)
ضِدَّيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الضِّدَّيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
ضِدَّيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
ضِدَّانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الضِّدَّانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
ضِدَّا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
ضِدَّيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الضِّدَّيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
ضِدَّيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
ضِدَّيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الضِّدَّيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
ضِدَّيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
أَضْدَاد (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
الْأَضْدَاد (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
أَضْدَاد (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
أَضْدَادٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
الْأَضْدَادُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
أَضْدَادُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
أَضْدَادًا (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
الْأَضْدَادَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
أَضْدَادَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
أَضْدَادٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
الْأَضْدَادِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
أَضْدَادِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)

→ Azerbaijani: zidd

→ Crimean Tatar: zıt

→ Karaim: зыт

→ Krymchak: зыт

→ Ottoman Turkish: ضد (żıd, żıt)

> Turkish: zıt (inherited)

→ Tatar: зыт (zıt)

→ Uyghur: زىت (zit)

→ Uzbek: zid

From the root ض د د (ḍ-d-d). Likely related to Hebrew צד (tsád).

(semantics) word with two opposite meanings; auto-antonym


أخ

أَخ • (ʔaḵ) m (construct state أَخُو (ʔaḵū), dual أَخَوَان (ʔaḵawān), plural إِخْوَة (ʔiḵwa) or إِخْوَان (ʔiḵwān), feminine أُخْت (ʔuḵt))

أَخ (canonical)
ʔaḵ (romanization)
أَخُو (construct)
أَخَوَان (dual)
إِخْوَة (plural)
إِخْوَان (plural)
أُخْت (feminine)
أَخ (indefinite informal long-construct singular)
الْأَخ (definite informal long-construct singular)
أَخُو (construct informal long-construct singular)
أَخٌ (indefinite long-construct nominative singular)
الْأَخُ (definite long-construct nominative singular)
أَخُو (construct long-construct nominative singular)
أَخًا (accusative indefinite long-construct singular)
الْأَخَ (accusative definite long-construct singular)
أَخَا (accusative construct long-construct singular)
أَخٍ (genitive indefinite long-construct singular)
الْأَخِ (definite genitive long-construct singular)
أَخِي (construct genitive long-construct singular)
أَخَوَيْن (dual indefinite informal long-construct singular)
الْأَخَوَيْن (definite dual informal long-construct singular)
أَخَوَيْ (construct dual informal long-construct singular)
أَخَوَانِ (dual indefinite long-construct nominative singular)
الْأَخَوَانِ (definite dual long-construct nominative singular)
أَخَوَا (construct dual long-construct nominative singular)
أَخَوَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite long-construct singular)
الْأَخَوَيْنِ (accusative definite dual long-construct singular)
أَخَوَيْ (accusative construct dual long-construct singular)
أَخَوَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite long-construct singular)
الْأَخَوَيْنِ (definite dual genitive long-construct singular)
أَخَوَيْ (construct dual genitive long-construct singular)
إِخْوَة (ar-infl-a broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
إِخْوَان (ar-infl-a broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
الْإِخْوَة (ar-infl-a broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
الْإِخْوَان (ar-infl-a broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
إِخْوَة (ar-infl-a broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
إِخْوَان (ar-infl-a broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
إِخْوَةٌ (ar-infl-a broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
إِخْوَانٌ (ar-infl-a broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
الْإِخْوَةُ (ar-infl-a broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
الْإِخْوَانُ (ar-infl-a broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
إِخْوَةُ (ar-infl-a broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
إِخْوَانُ (ar-infl-a broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
إِخْوَةً (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
إِخْوَانًا (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
الْإِخْوَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form definite plural triptote)
الْإِخْوَانَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form definite plural triptote)
إِخْوَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form construct plural triptote)
إِخْوَانَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form construct plural triptote)
إِخْوَةٍ (ar-infl-a broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
إِخْوَانٍ (ar-infl-a broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
الْإِخْوَةِ (ar-infl-a broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
الْإِخْوَانِ (ar-infl-a broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
إِخْوَةِ (ar-infl-a broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)
إِخْوَانِ (ar-infl-a broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)

Gulf Arabic: أخو (uḵu)

Maltese: ħu

Moroccan Arabic: أخ (ʔaḵḵ), (construct state) خو (ḵū), (construct state) خا (ḵā)

→ English: ock, akh, akhi

→ Malayalam: ഇക്ക (ikka)

→ Portuguese: Lafões

From Proto-Semitic *ʾaḫ-, from the root ء خ و (ʔ-ḵ-w). Cognate with Hebrew אח (akh).

ar-root

ء خ و (ʔ-ḵ-w)


جهنم

جَهَنَّم (canonical)
jahannam (romanization)
جَهَنَّم (definite diptote informal singular)
جَهَنَّمُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
جَهَنَّمَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
جَهَنَّمَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

desc

→ Armenian: ջանդամ (ǰandam), ջհանդամ (ǰhandam), ջահանդամ (ǰahandam), ջհաննամ (ǰhannam), ջայնամ (ǰaynam), ջահնամ (ǰahnam)

→ Azerbaijani: cəhənnəm

→ Bashkir: йәһәннәм (yəhənnəm)

→ English: Jahannam

→ Karaim: джаханам (cahanam)

→ Kazakh: жаһаннам (jahannam)

→ Malay: jahanam

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: جهنم (cehennem)
Turkish: cehennem
→ Abkhaz: џьаҳаным (džaḥanəm)
→ Bulgarian: дженде́м (džendém), джанде́м (džandém)
→ Macedonian: џенем (dženem)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: џехѐнем, џехѐннем, Џехѐнем, Џехѐннем
Latin script: džehènem, džehènnem, Džehènem, Džehènnem

→ Classical Persian: جَهَنَّم (jahannam)
→ Bengali: জাহান্নাম (jahannam)
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਜਹੰਨਮ (jahannam)
Shahmukhi script: جہنم (jahannam)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: जहन्नुम (jahannum), जहन्नम (jahannam)
Urdu: جَہَنُّم (jahannum), جَہَنَّم (jahannam)

→ Swahili: jahanamu

→ Tabasaran: жегьеннем (žehennem)

→ Turkmen: jähennem

Borrowed from Aramaic גֵּיהִנָּם (gēhinnām), from גֵּיא בֶן הִנֹּם (gē ḇen hinnōm, “valley of the son of Hinom”). The vocalization suggests that it may have been borrowed via Ge'ez ገሀነም (gähännäm).


قولون

ar-noun

قُولُون • (qūlūn) m

قُولُون (canonical)
qūlūn (romanization)
قُولُون (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْقُولُون (definite informal singular triptote)
قُولُون (construct informal singular triptote)
قُولُونٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْقُولُونُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
قُولُونُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
قُولُونًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْقُولُونَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
قُولُونَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
قُولُونٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْقُولُونِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
قُولُونِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

قُولُون/qolōn


نقطة مزدوجة

ar-noun

نُقْطَة مُزْدَوِجَة

نُقَط مُزْدَوِجَة

نِقَاط مُزْدَوِجَة

نُقْطَة مُزْدَوِجَة • (nuqṭa muzdawija) f (plural نُقَط مُزْدَوِجَة (nuqaṭ muzdawija) or نِقَاط مُزْدَوِجَة (niqāṭ muzdawija))

نُقْطَة مُزْدَوِجَة (canonical)
nuqṭa muzdawija (romanization)
نُقَط مُزْدَوِجَة (plural)
نِقَاط مُزْدَوِجَة (plural)
نُقْطَة مُزْدَوِجَة (ar-infl-a indefinite informal singular triptote)
النُّقْطَة الْمُزْدَوِجَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
نُقْطَة ... الْمُزْدَوِجَة (ar-infl-a construct informal singular triptote)
نُقْطَةٌ مُزْدَوِجَةٌ (ar-infl-a indefinite nominative singular triptote)
النُّقْطَةُ الْمُزْدَوِجَةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
نُقْطَةُ ... الْمُزْدَوِجَةُ (ar-infl-a construct nominative singular triptote)
نُقْطَةً مُزْدَوِجَةً (accusative ar-infl-a indefinite singular triptote)
النُّقْطَةَ الْمُزْدَوِجَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
نُقْطَةَ ... الْمُزْدَوِجَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a construct singular triptote)
نُقْطَةٍ مُزْدَوِجَةٍ (ar-infl-a genitive indefinite singular triptote)
النُّقْطَةِ الْمُزْدَوِجَةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)
نُقْطَةِ ... الْمُزْدَوِجَةِ (ar-infl-a construct genitive singular triptote)
نُقْطَتَيْن مُزْدَوِجَتَيْن (ar-infl-a dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
النُّقْطَتَيْن الْمُزْدَوِجَتَيْن (ar-infl-a definite dual informal singular triptote)
نُقْطَتَيْ ... الْمُزْدَوِجَتَيْن (ar-infl-a construct dual informal singular triptote)
نُقْطَتَانِ مُزْدَوِجَتَانِ (ar-infl-a dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
النُّقْطَتَانِ الْمُزْدَوِجَتَانِ (ar-infl-a definite dual nominative singular triptote)
نُقْطَتَا ... الْمُزْدَوِجَتَانِ (ar-infl-a construct dual nominative singular triptote)
نُقْطَتَيْنِ مُزْدَوِجَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a dual indefinite singular triptote)
النُّقْطَتَيْنِ الْمُزْدَوِجَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a definite dual singular triptote)
نُقْطَتَيْ ... الْمُزْدَوِجَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a construct dual singular triptote)
نُقْطَتَيْنِ مُزْدَوِجَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
النُّقْطَتَيْنِ الْمُزْدَوِجَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a definite dual genitive singular triptote)
نُقْطَتَيْ ... الْمُزْدَوِجَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a construct dual genitive singular triptote)
نُقَط مُزْدَوِجَة (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
نِقَاط مُزْدَوِجَة (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
النُّقَط الْمُزْدَوِجَة (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
النِّقَاط الْمُزْدَوِجَة (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
نُقَط ... الْمُزْدَوِجَة (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
نِقَاط ... الْمُزْدَوِجَة (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
نُقَطٌ مُزْدَوِجَةٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
نِقَاطٌ مُزْدَوِجَةٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
النُّقَطُ الْمُزْدَوِجَةُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
النِّقَاطُ الْمُزْدَوِجَةُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
نُقَطُ ... الْمُزْدَوِجَةُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
نِقَاطُ ... الْمُزْدَوِجَةُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
نُقَطًا مُزْدَوِجَةً (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
نِقَاطًا مُزْدَوِجَةً (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
النُّقَطَ الْمُزْدَوِجَةَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
النِّقَاطَ الْمُزْدَوِجَةَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
نُقَطَ ... الْمُزْدَوِجَةَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
نِقَاطَ ... الْمُزْدَوِجَةَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
نُقَطٍ مُزْدَوِجَةٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
نِقَاطٍ مُزْدَوِجَةٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
النُّقَطِ الْمُزْدَوِجَةِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
النِّقَاطِ الْمُزْدَوِجَةِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
نُقَطِ ... الْمُزْدَوِجَةِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)
نِقَاطِ ... الْمُزْدَوِجَةِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)


جنس

جِنْس • (jins) m (plural أَجْنَاس (ʔajnās))

جِنْس (canonical)
jins (romanization)
أَجْنَاس (plural)
جِنْس (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْجِنْس (definite informal singular triptote)
جِنْس (construct informal singular triptote)
جِنْسٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْجِنْسُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
جِنْسُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
جِنْسًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْجِنْسَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
جِنْسَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
جِنْسٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْجِنْسِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
جِنْسِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
جِنْسَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْجِنْسَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
جِنْسَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
جِنْسَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْجِنْسَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
جِنْسَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
جِنْسَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْجِنْسَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
جِنْسَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
جِنْسَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْجِنْسَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
جِنْسَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
أَجْنَاس (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
الْأَجْنَاس (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
أَجْنَاس (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
أَجْنَاسٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
الْأَجْنَاسُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
أَجْنَاسُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
أَجْنَاسًا (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
الْأَجْنَاسَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
أَجْنَاسَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
أَجْنَاسٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
الْأَجْنَاسِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
أَجْنَاسِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)

Probably from Classical Syriac ܓܸܢܣܵܐ (gensā), which is in turn probably from Ancient Greek γένος (génos), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os. Alternatively, but much less likely, from Latin genus from the same Indo-European etymon. For the word's meanings, compare with German Geschlecht (“race; genus; maleness or femaleness; grammatical gender”).

(countable, philosophy) a category to which one or more things belong

(see usage notes) the quality of maleness or femaleness

الجِنْس البَشَرِيّ

[التفاضل بين جنس العرب وجنس العجم]
فإن الذي عليه أهل السنة والجماعة: اعتقاد أن جنس العرب أفضل من جنس العجم، عبرانيهم (6) وسريانيهم (7) روميهم وفرسيهم (8) وغيرهم.
وأن قريشا أفضل العرب، وأن بني هاشم: أفضل قريش، وأن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أفضل بني هاشم. فهو: أفضل الخلق نفسا، وأفضلهم نسبا. وليس فضل العرب، ثم قريش، ثم بني هاشم، لمجرد كون النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم منهم، وإن كان هذا من الفضل، بل هم في أنفسهم أفضل، وبذلك يثبت (1) لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: أنه أفضل نفسا ونسبا، وإلا لزم الدور. ... وذهبت فرقة من الناس إلى (4) أن لا فضل لجنس العرب على جنس العجم. ... ومن الناس من قد يفضل بعض أنواع العجم على العرب. والغالب أن مثل هذا الكلام لا يصدر إلا عن نوع نفاق: إما في الاعتقاد وإما في العمل المنبعث عن هوى النفس، مع شبهات اقتضت ذلك، ولهذا جاء في الحديث: «حب العرب إيمان وبغضهم نفاق» (1) مع أن الكلام في هذه المسائل لا يكاد يخلو عن هوى (2) للنفس، ونصيب للشيطان من الطرفين، وهذا محرم في جميع المسائل.

(Can we date this quote?), Ibn Taymiyyah, اقتضاء الصراط المستقيم لمخالفة أصحالب الجحيم [The Upright Path: The Necessity of Departing from the People of Hellfire]:

Distinction between the Stock of the Arabs and the Stock of the Non-Arabs
The Sunnites hold, among their doctrines, the belief that the stock of the Arabs is better than the stock of the non-Arabs, be they Hebrews, or Assyrians, or Romans, or Persians, or otherwise; that Qurayš is the most meritorious of the Arabs and so is the tribe of Hāšim among Qurayš; and that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is the best of the tribe of Hāšim, for he is "the best of creation in spirit and in pedigree". The distinction of the Arabs, though, is not merely by dint of the Prophet's being from among them, notwithstanding that this is a distinction. They themselves are excellent, hence the Prophet's saying that he is "the best in spirit and pedigree", may Allah bless him and grant him peace, for if not, there should have been an entailment relation. ... Some camp determined that there is no distinction for the Arab stock over the non-Arab stock. ... And among people, there are those who may put some of the types of non-Arabs above the Arabs. Mostly, though, such talk arises from a kind of pretense, either in word or in deed, coming from whims, along with misunderstandings that would point to this or that, and thus, as the tradition says, "loving Arabs is piety; loathing them is a dissemblance". Still, talking about these matters is seldom free of partiality, a share for the Devil on both sides. This is impermissible in all matters.


وقف

وَقْف • (waqf) m (plural أَوْقَاف (ʔawqāf))

وَقْف (canonical)
waqf (romanization)
أَوْقَاف (plural)
وَقْف (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْوَقْف (definite informal singular triptote)
وَقْف (construct informal singular triptote)
وَقْفٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْوَقْفُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
وَقْفُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
وَقْفًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْوَقْفَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
وَقْفَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
وَقْفٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْوَقْفِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
وَقْفِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
وَقْفَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْوَقْفَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
وَقْفَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
وَقْفَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْوَقْفَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
وَقْفَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
وَقْفَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْوَقْفَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
وَقْفَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
وَقْفَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْوَقْفَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
وَقْفَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
أَوْقَاف (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
الْأَوْقَاف (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
أَوْقَاف (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
أَوْقَافٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
الْأَوْقَافُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
أَوْقَافُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
أَوْقَافًا (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
الْأَوْقَافَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
أَوْقَافَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
أَوْقَافٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
الْأَوْقَافِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
أَوْقَافِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)

→ English: waqf

→ Azerbaijani: vəqf

→ Bengali: ওয়াকফ (ẇakph)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: وقف (vakıf, vakf), վագըֆ (vakıf), վագֆ (vakf) — Armeno-Turkish
Turkish: vakıf
→ Albanian: vakëf
→ Armenian: վաքֆ (vakʻf), վաքըֆ (vakʻəf)
→ Greek: βακούφι (vakoúfi)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ва̏куф
Latin script: vȁkuf

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਵਕਫ਼ (vakaf)

Shahmukhi script: وقف (vaqf)

→ Urdu: وقف (vaqf)

→ Uzbek: vaqf

→ Azerbaijani: övqaf

→ Persian: اوقاف

Urdu: اوقاف (oqāf)

→ Ottoman Turkish: اوقاف

→ Turkish: evkaf

→ Uyghur: ئەۋقاپ (ewqap)

وَقْفِيّ

relating to a waqf system or endowment system

(Islam) a waqf, religious endowment, endowment fund


وقف

ar-noun

وَقْف • (waqf) m (plural وُقُوف (wuqūf))

وَقْف (canonical)
waqf (romanization)
وُقُوف (plural)
وَقْف (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْوَقْف (definite informal singular triptote)
وَقْف (construct informal singular triptote)
وَقْفٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْوَقْفُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
وَقْفُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
وَقْفًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْوَقْفَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
وَقْفَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
وَقْفٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْوَقْفِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
وَقْفِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
وَقْفَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْوَقْفَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
وَقْفَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
وَقْفَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْوَقْفَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
وَقْفَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
وَقْفَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْوَقْفَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
وَقْفَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
وَقْفَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْوَقْفَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
وَقْفَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
وُقُوف (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
الْوُقُوف (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
وُقُوف (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
وُقُوفٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
الْوُقُوفُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
وُقُوفُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
وُقُوفًا (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
الْوُقُوفَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
وُقُوفَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
وُقُوفٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
الْوُقُوفِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
وُقُوفِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)

Borrowed from Ge'ez ወቅፍ (wäḳf, “bracelet, armlet”), also ውቅፍ (wəḳf), of obscure African origin.


النار

ar-proper noun

النَّار • (an-nār) f

النَّار (canonical)
an-nār (romanization)
النَّار (definite informal singular triptote)
النَّارُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
النَّارَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
النَّارِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

وَنَادَى أَصْحَابُ ٱلْجَنَّةِ أَصْحَابَ ٱلنَّارِ أَن قَدْ وَجَدْنَا مَا وَعَدَنَا رَبُّنَا حَقًّا فَهَلْ وَجَدْتُم مَّا وَعَدَ رَبُّكُمْ حَقًّا ۖ قَالُوا نَعَمْ ۚ فَأَذَّنَ مُؤَذِّنٌ بَيْنَهُمْ أَن لَعْنَةُ ٱللَّهِ عَلَى ٱلظَّالِمِينَ

The residents of Paradise will call out to the residents of the Fire, “We have certainly found our Lord’s promise to be true. Have you too found your Lord’s promise to be true?” They will reply, “Yes, we have!” Then a caller will announce to both, “May God’s condemnation be upon the wrongdoers, […]

wa-nādā ʔaṣḥābu l-jannati ʔaṣḥāba n-nāri ʔan qad wajadnā mā waʕadanā rabbunā ḥaqqan fahal wajadtum mā waʕada rabbukum ḥaqqan; qālū naʕam, fa-ʔaḏḏana muʔaḏḏinun baynahum ʔan laʕnatu llāhi ʕalā ẓ-ẓālimīna


علم

ar-noun

عَلَم • (ʕalam) m (plural أَعْلَام (ʔaʕlām))

عَلَم (canonical)
ʕalam (romanization)
أَعْلَام (plural)
عَلَم (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْعَلَم (definite informal singular triptote)
عَلَم (construct informal singular triptote)
عَلَمٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْعَلَمُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
عَلَمُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
عَلَمًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَلَمَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
عَلَمَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
عَلَمٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَلَمِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
عَلَمِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
عَلَمَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْعَلَمَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
عَلَمَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
عَلَمَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْعَلَمَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
عَلَمَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
عَلَمَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَلَمَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
عَلَمَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
عَلَمَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَلَمَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
عَلَمَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
أَعْلَام (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
الْأَعْلَام (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
أَعْلَام (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
أَعْلَامٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
الْأَعْلَامُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
أَعْلَامُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
أَعْلَامًا (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
الْأَعْلَامَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
أَعْلَامَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
أَعْلَامٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
الْأَعْلَامِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
أَعْلَامِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)

Maltese: għelm

→ Hindi: अलम (alam)

→ Ottoman Turkish: عَلَم (ʿalam, ʿalem)

> Turkish: alem (inherited)

→ Urdu: عَلَم ('alam)


عالم

عَالَم • (ʕālam) m (plural عَالَمُون (ʕālamūn) or عَوَالِم (ʕawālim))

عَالَم (canonical)
ʕālam (romanization)
عَالَمُون (plural)
عَوَالِم (plural)
عَالَم (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْعَالَم (definite informal singular triptote)
عَالَم (construct informal singular triptote)
عَالَمٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْعَالَمُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
عَالَمُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
عَالَمًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَالَمَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
عَالَمَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
عَالَمٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَالَمِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
عَالَمِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
عَالَمَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْعَالَمَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
عَالَمَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
عَالَمَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْعَالَمَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
عَالَمَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
عَالَمَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَالَمَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
عَالَمَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
عَالَمَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَالَمَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
عَالَمَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
عَالَمِين (broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural)
عَالَمِين (indefinite informal masculine plural sound-form)
عَوَالِم (broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural)
عَوَالِم (indefinite informal masculine plural sound-form)
الْعَالَمِين (broken-form definite diptote informal plural)
الْعَالَمِين (definite informal masculine plural sound-form)
الْعَوَالِم (broken-form definite diptote informal plural)
الْعَوَالِم (definite informal masculine plural sound-form)
عَالَمِي (broken-form construct diptote informal plural)
عَالَمِي (construct informal masculine plural sound-form)
عَوَالِم (broken-form construct diptote informal plural)
عَوَالِم (construct informal masculine plural sound-form)
عَالَمُونَ (broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural)
عَالَمُونَ (indefinite masculine nominative plural sound-form)
عَوَالِمُ (broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural)
عَوَالِمُ (indefinite masculine nominative plural sound-form)
الْعَالَمُونَ (broken-form definite diptote nominative plural)
الْعَالَمُونَ (definite masculine nominative plural sound-form)
الْعَوَالِمُ (broken-form definite diptote nominative plural)
الْعَوَالِمُ (definite masculine nominative plural sound-form)
عَالَمُو (broken-form construct diptote nominative plural)
عَالَمُو (construct masculine nominative plural sound-form)
عَوَالِمُ (broken-form construct diptote nominative plural)
عَوَالِمُ (construct masculine nominative plural sound-form)
عَالَمِينَ (accusative broken-form diptote indefinite plural)
عَالَمِينَ (accusative indefinite masculine plural sound-form)
عَوَالِمَ (accusative broken-form diptote indefinite plural)
عَوَالِمَ (accusative indefinite masculine plural sound-form)
الْعَالَمِينَ (accusative broken-form definite diptote plural)
الْعَالَمِينَ (accusative definite masculine plural sound-form)
الْعَوَالِمَ (accusative broken-form definite diptote plural)
الْعَوَالِمَ (accusative definite masculine plural sound-form)
عَالَمِي (accusative broken-form construct diptote plural)
عَالَمِي (accusative construct masculine plural sound-form)
عَوَالِمَ (accusative broken-form construct diptote plural)
عَوَالِمَ (accusative construct masculine plural sound-form)
عَالَمِينَ (broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural)
عَالَمِينَ (genitive indefinite masculine plural sound-form)
عَوَالِمَ (broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural)
عَوَالِمَ (genitive indefinite masculine plural sound-form)
الْعَالَمِينَ (broken-form definite diptote genitive plural)
الْعَالَمِينَ (definite genitive masculine plural sound-form)
الْعَوَالِمِ (broken-form definite diptote genitive plural)
الْعَوَالِمِ (definite genitive masculine plural sound-form)
عَالَمِي (broken-form construct diptote genitive plural)
عَالَمِي (construct genitive masculine plural sound-form)
عَوَالِمِ (broken-form construct diptote genitive plural)
عَوَالِمِ (construct genitive masculine plural sound-form)

→ Azerbaijani: aləm

→ Bashkir: ғәләм (ğələm)

→ Bengali: আলম (alom)

→ Indonesian: alam

→ Kazakh: ғалам (ğalam), әлем (älem)

→ Kyrgyz: аалам (aalam)

→ Malay: alam
Indonesian: alam

→ Middle Armenian: ալամ (alam)

Armenian: ալամ (alam)

→ Ottoman Turkish: عالم (ʿālem)

> Turkish: âlem (inherited)

→ Persian: عالم ('âlam)

→ Urdu: عالم (äläm)

desc

→ Udi: аьлаьм (äläm)

→ Udi: аьлаьм (äläm)

→ Tabasaran: аьлам (a̱lam)

→ Uzbek: olam

Borrowed from Aramaic עָלְמָא / ܥܳܠܡܳܐ (ʿāləmā) or Hebrew עוֹלָם (ʿōlām), possibly from Akkadian 𒂖𒆷𒈬𒌋𒀀 (/ellamu, illamu/, “front, before; both temporally and in location; coming before your time or being currently physically before you now”).
The pattern فَاعَل (fāʕal)
The pattern فَاعَل (fāʕal) is considered originally foreign to Arabic and Ethiopic, occurring only in likely loanwords such as طَابَع (ṭābaʕ), خَاتَم (ḵātam), فَالَج (fālaj). It should be noted some of these loans are suspected to be early, such as خَاتَم (ḵātam) being present in Old Arabian Inscriptions and عَالَم (ʕālam) retaining the sound masculine plural ending in spite of being treated as a non-human plural; a feature that suggests it existed prior to the restriction of such a use exclusively for male humans; whereas one group renders known Middle Iranian suffixes, as in طَابَق (ṭābaq) and سَاذَج (sāḏaj) and رَامَك (rāmak) and via Aramaic fricativized as in كَامَخ (kāmaḵ) the ending of which became Classical Persian ـه (-a) and ـک (-ak). Nautically, even Dravidian borrowings with this measure like طَالَم (ṭālam) are possible early. Consequently due to its early appearance, the فَاعَل (fāʕal) pattern has since become a sparsely used coined pattern in its own right, typically however still being reserved for loanwords using the structure of these earlier loans as their basis; for example the later loan طَاقَم (ṭāqam).

bor

Aramaic עָלְמָא

der

فِي العالَمِ يَكُونُ لَكُم ضِيقٌ، وَلٰكِن ثِقُوا: أَنَا قَد غَلَبْتُ العالَم.

In the world ye shall have tribulation; but be of good cheer: I have overcome the world. (John 16:33)

fī l-ʕālami yakūnu lakum ḍīqun, walākin ṯiqū: ʔanā qad ḡalabtu l-ʕālam.

(chiefly Christianity) world, hereunder, worldly life


عالم

ar-noun

عَالِم • (ʕālim) m (plural عَالِمُون (ʕālimūn) or عُلَمَاء (ʕulamāʔ), feminine عَالِمَة (ʕālima))

عَالِم (canonical)
ʕālim (romanization)
عَالِمُون (plural)
عُلَمَاء (plural)
عَالِمَة (feminine)
عَالِم (indefinite informal masculine singular triptote)
الْعَالِم (definite informal masculine singular triptote)
عَالِم (construct informal masculine singular triptote)
عَالِمَة (ar-infl-a feminine indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْعَالِمَة (ar-infl-a definite feminine informal singular triptote)
عَالِمَة (ar-infl-a construct feminine informal singular triptote)
عَالِمٌ (indefinite masculine nominative singular triptote)
الْعَالِمُ (definite masculine nominative singular triptote)
عَالِمُ (construct masculine nominative singular triptote)
عَالِمَةٌ (ar-infl-a feminine indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْعَالِمَةُ (ar-infl-a definite feminine nominative singular triptote)
عَالِمَةُ (ar-infl-a construct feminine nominative singular triptote)
عَالِمًا (accusative indefinite masculine singular triptote)
الْعَالِمَ (accusative definite masculine singular triptote)
عَالِمَ (accusative construct masculine singular triptote)
عَالِمَةً (accusative ar-infl-a feminine indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَالِمَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite feminine singular triptote)
عَالِمَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a construct feminine singular triptote)
عَالِمٍ (genitive indefinite masculine singular triptote)
الْعَالِمِ (definite genitive masculine singular triptote)
عَالِمِ (construct genitive masculine singular triptote)
عَالِمَةٍ (ar-infl-a feminine genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَالِمَةِ (ar-infl-a definite feminine genitive singular triptote)
عَالِمَةِ (ar-infl-a construct feminine genitive singular triptote)
عَالِمَيْن (dual indefinite informal masculine singular triptote)
الْعَالِمَيْن (definite dual informal masculine singular triptote)
عَالِمَيْ (construct dual informal masculine singular triptote)
عَالِمَتَيْن (ar-infl-a dual feminine indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْعَالِمَتَيْن (ar-infl-a definite dual feminine informal singular triptote)
عَالِمَتَيْ (ar-infl-a construct dual feminine informal singular triptote)
عَالِمَانِ (dual indefinite masculine nominative singular triptote)
الْعَالِمَانِ (definite dual masculine nominative singular triptote)
عَالِمَا (construct dual masculine nominative singular triptote)
عَالِمَتَانِ (ar-infl-a dual feminine indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْعَالِمَتَانِ (ar-infl-a definite dual feminine nominative singular triptote)
عَالِمَتَا (ar-infl-a construct dual feminine nominative singular triptote)
عَالِمَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite masculine singular triptote)
الْعَالِمَيْنِ (accusative definite dual masculine singular triptote)
عَالِمَيْ (accusative construct dual masculine singular triptote)
عَالِمَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a dual feminine indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَالِمَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a definite dual feminine singular triptote)
عَالِمَتَيْ (accusative ar-infl-a construct dual feminine singular triptote)
عَالِمَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite masculine singular triptote)
الْعَالِمَيْنِ (definite dual genitive masculine singular triptote)
عَالِمَيْ (construct dual genitive masculine singular triptote)
عَالِمَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a dual feminine genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَالِمَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a definite dual feminine genitive singular triptote)
عَالِمَتَيْ (ar-infl-a construct dual feminine genitive singular triptote)
عَالِمِين (broken-form diptote indefinite informal masculine plural)
عَالِمِين (indefinite informal masculine plural sound-form)
عُلَمَاء (broken-form diptote indefinite informal masculine plural)
عُلَمَاء (indefinite informal masculine plural sound-form)
الْعَالِمِين (broken-form definite diptote informal masculine plural)
الْعَالِمِين (definite informal masculine plural sound-form)
الْعُلَمَاء (broken-form definite diptote informal masculine plural)
الْعُلَمَاء (definite informal masculine plural sound-form)
عَالِمِي (broken-form construct diptote informal masculine plural)
عَالِمِي (construct informal masculine plural sound-form)
عُلَمَاء (broken-form construct diptote informal masculine plural)
عُلَمَاء (construct informal masculine plural sound-form)
عَالِمَات (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
الْعَالِمَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
عَالِمَات (construct feminine informal plural sound-form)
عَالِمُونَ (broken-form diptote indefinite masculine nominative plural)
عَالِمُونَ (indefinite masculine nominative plural sound-form)
عُلَمَاءُ (broken-form diptote indefinite masculine nominative plural)
عُلَمَاءُ (indefinite masculine nominative plural sound-form)
الْعَالِمُونَ (broken-form definite diptote masculine nominative plural)
الْعَالِمُونَ (definite masculine nominative plural sound-form)
الْعُلَمَاءُ (broken-form definite diptote masculine nominative plural)
الْعُلَمَاءُ (definite masculine nominative plural sound-form)
عَالِمُو (broken-form construct diptote masculine nominative plural)
عَالِمُو (construct masculine nominative plural sound-form)
عُلَمَاءُ (broken-form construct diptote masculine nominative plural)
عُلَمَاءُ (construct masculine nominative plural sound-form)
عَالِمَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
الْعَالِمَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
عَالِمَاتُ (construct feminine nominative plural sound-form)
عَالِمِينَ (accusative broken-form diptote indefinite masculine plural)
عَالِمِينَ (accusative indefinite masculine plural sound-form)
عُلَمَاءَ (accusative broken-form diptote indefinite masculine plural)
عُلَمَاءَ (accusative indefinite masculine plural sound-form)
الْعَالِمِينَ (accusative broken-form definite diptote masculine plural)
الْعَالِمِينَ (accusative definite masculine plural sound-form)
الْعُلَمَاءَ (accusative broken-form definite diptote masculine plural)
الْعُلَمَاءَ (accusative definite masculine plural sound-form)
عَالِمِي (accusative broken-form construct diptote masculine plural)
عَالِمِي (accusative construct masculine plural sound-form)
عُلَمَاءَ (accusative broken-form construct diptote masculine plural)
عُلَمَاءَ (accusative construct masculine plural sound-form)
عَالِمَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
الْعَالِمَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
عَالِمَاتِ (accusative construct feminine plural sound-form)
عَالِمِينَ (broken-form diptote genitive indefinite masculine plural)
عَالِمِينَ (genitive indefinite masculine plural sound-form)
عُلَمَاءَ (broken-form diptote genitive indefinite masculine plural)
عُلَمَاءَ (genitive indefinite masculine plural sound-form)
الْعَالِمِينَ (broken-form definite diptote genitive masculine plural)
الْعَالِمِينَ (definite genitive masculine plural sound-form)
الْعُلَمَاءِ (broken-form definite diptote genitive masculine plural)
الْعُلَمَاءِ (definite genitive masculine plural sound-form)
عَالِمِي (broken-form construct diptote genitive masculine plural)
عَالِمِي (construct genitive masculine plural sound-form)
عُلَمَاءِ (broken-form construct diptote genitive masculine plural)
عُلَمَاءِ (construct genitive masculine plural sound-form)
عَالِمَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
الْعَالِمَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
عَالِمَاتِ (construct feminine genitive plural sound-form)

→ Azerbaijani: alim

→ Bengali: আলেম (alem)

→ Fula: aalim

→ Persian: عالم ('âlem)

→ Ottoman Turkish: عالم (ʿālim)

> Turkish: âlim (inherited)

→ Kazakh: ғалым (ğalym)

→ Kyrgyz: аалым (aalım)

→ Urdu: عالم (ālim)

Derived from the active participle of the verb عَلِمَ (ʕalima, “to know”), from the root ع ل م (ʕ-l-m).


قطب

ar-verb

قَطَبَ • (qaṭaba) I (non-past يَقْطِبُ (yaqṭibu), verbal noun قَطْب (qaṭb))

قَطَبَ (canonical)
qaṭaba (romanization)
يَقْطِبُ (non-past)
قَطْب (noun-from-verb)
قَطْب (noun-from-verb)
قَاطِب (active participle)
مَقْطُوب (participle passive)
قَطَبْتُ (active first-person indicative masculine past perfective singular)
قَطَبْتَ (active indicative masculine past perfective second-person singular)
قَطَبَ (active indicative masculine past perfective singular third-person)
قَطَبْتُمَا (active dual indicative masculine past perfective second-person)
قَطَبَا (active dual indicative masculine past perfective third-person)
قَطَبْنَا (active first-person indicative masculine past perfective plural)
قَطَبْتُمْ (active indicative masculine past perfective plural second-person)
قَطَبُوا (active indicative masculine past perfective plural third-person)
قَطَبْتُ (active feminine first-person indicative past perfective singular)
قَطَبْتِ (active feminine indicative past perfective second-person singular)
قَطَبَتْ (active feminine indicative past perfective singular third-person)
قَطَبْتُمَا (active dual feminine indicative past perfective second-person)
قَطَبَتَا (active dual feminine indicative past perfective third-person)
قَطَبْنَا (active feminine first-person indicative past perfective plural)
قَطَبْتُنَّ (active feminine indicative past perfective plural second-person)
قَطَبْنَ (active feminine indicative past perfective plural third-person)
أَقْطِبُ (active first-person imperfective indicative masculine non-past singular)
تَقْطِبُ (active imperfective indicative masculine non-past second-person singular)
يَقْطِبُ (active imperfective indicative masculine non-past singular third-person)
تَقْطِبَانِ (active dual imperfective indicative masculine non-past second-person)
يَقْطِبَانِ (active dual imperfective indicative masculine non-past third-person)
نَقْطِبُ (active first-person imperfective indicative masculine non-past plural)
تَقْطِبُونَ (active imperfective indicative masculine non-past plural second-person)
يَقْطِبُونَ (active imperfective indicative masculine non-past plural third-person)
أَقْطِبُ (active feminine first-person imperfective indicative non-past singular)
تَقْطِبِينَ (active feminine imperfective indicative non-past second-person singular)
تَقْطِبُ (active feminine imperfective indicative non-past singular third-person)
تَقْطِبَانِ (active dual feminine imperfective indicative non-past second-person)
تَقْطِبَانِ (active dual feminine imperfective indicative non-past third-person)
نَقْطِبُ (active feminine first-person imperfective indicative non-past plural)
تَقْطِبْنَ (active feminine imperfective indicative non-past plural second-person)
يَقْطِبْنَ (active feminine imperfective indicative non-past plural third-person)
أَقْطِبَ (active first-person masculine singular subjunctive)
تَقْطِبَ (active masculine second-person singular subjunctive)
يَقْطِبَ (active masculine singular subjunctive third-person)
تَقْطِبَا (active dual masculine second-person subjunctive)
يَقْطِبَا (active dual masculine subjunctive third-person)
نَقْطِبَ (active first-person masculine plural subjunctive)
تَقْطِبُوا (active masculine plural second-person subjunctive)
يَقْطِبُوا (active masculine plural subjunctive third-person)
أَقْطِبَ (active feminine first-person singular subjunctive)
تَقْطِبِي (active feminine second-person singular subjunctive)
تَقْطِبَ (active feminine singular subjunctive third-person)
تَقْطِبَا (active dual feminine second-person subjunctive)
تَقْطِبَا (active dual feminine subjunctive third-person)
نَقْطِبَ (active feminine first-person plural subjunctive)
تَقْطِبْنَ (active feminine plural second-person subjunctive)
يَقْطِبْنَ (active feminine plural subjunctive third-person)
أَقْطِبْ (active first-person jussive masculine singular)
تَقْطِبْ (active jussive masculine second-person singular)
يَقْطِبْ (active jussive masculine singular third-person)
تَقْطِبَا (active dual jussive masculine second-person)
يَقْطِبَا (active dual jussive masculine third-person)
نَقْطِبْ (active first-person jussive masculine plural)
تَقْطِبُوا (active jussive masculine plural second-person)
يَقْطِبُوا (active jussive masculine plural third-person)
أَقْطِبْ (active feminine first-person jussive singular)
تَقْطِبِي (active feminine jussive second-person singular)
تَقْطِبْ (active feminine jussive singular third-person)
تَقْطِبَا (active dual feminine jussive second-person)
تَقْطِبَا (active dual feminine jussive third-person)
نَقْطِبْ (active feminine first-person jussive plural)
تَقْطِبْنَ (active feminine jussive plural second-person)
يَقْطِبْنَ (active feminine jussive plural third-person)
اِقْطِبْ (active imperative masculine second-person singular)
اِقْطِبَا (active dual imperative masculine second-person)
اِقْطِبُوا (active imperative masculine plural second-person)
اِقْطِبِي (active feminine imperative second-person singular)
اِقْطِبَا (active dual feminine imperative second-person)
اِقْطِبْنَ (active feminine imperative plural second-person)
قُطِبْتُ (first-person indicative masculine passive past perfective singular)
قُطِبْتَ (indicative masculine passive past perfective second-person singular)
قُطِبَ (indicative masculine passive past perfective singular third-person)
قُطِبْتُمَا (dual indicative masculine passive past perfective second-person)
قُطِبَا (dual indicative masculine passive past perfective third-person)
قُطِبْنَا (first-person indicative masculine passive past perfective plural)
قُطِبْتُمْ (indicative masculine passive past perfective plural second-person)
قُطِبُوا (indicative masculine passive past perfective plural third-person)
قُطِبْتُ (feminine first-person indicative passive past perfective singular)
قُطِبْتِ (feminine indicative passive past perfective second-person singular)
قُطِبَتْ (feminine indicative passive past perfective singular third-person)
قُطِبْتُمَا (dual feminine indicative passive past perfective second-person)
قُطِبَتَا (dual feminine indicative passive past perfective third-person)
قُطِبْنَا (feminine first-person indicative passive past perfective plural)
قُطِبْتُنَّ (feminine indicative passive past perfective plural second-person)
قُطِبْنَ (feminine indicative passive past perfective plural third-person)
أُقْطَبُ (first-person imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive singular)
تُقْطَبُ (imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive second-person singular)
يُقْطَبُ (imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive singular third-person)
تُقْطَبَانِ (dual imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive second-person)
يُقْطَبَانِ (dual imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive third-person)
نُقْطَبُ (first-person imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive plural)
تُقْطَبُونَ (imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive plural second-person)
يُقْطَبُونَ (imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive plural third-person)
أُقْطَبُ (feminine first-person imperfective indicative non-past passive singular)
تُقْطَبِينَ (feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive second-person singular)
تُقْطَبُ (feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive singular third-person)
تُقْطَبَانِ (dual feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive second-person)
تُقْطَبَانِ (dual feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive third-person)
نُقْطَبُ (feminine first-person imperfective indicative non-past passive plural)
تُقْطَبْنَ (feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive plural second-person)
يُقْطَبْنَ (feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive plural third-person)
أُقْطَبَ (first-person masculine passive singular subjunctive)
تُقْطَبَ (masculine passive second-person singular subjunctive)
يُقْطَبَ (masculine passive singular subjunctive third-person)
تُقْطَبَا (dual masculine passive second-person subjunctive)
يُقْطَبَا (dual masculine passive subjunctive third-person)
نُقْطَبَ (first-person masculine passive plural subjunctive)
تُقْطَبُوا (masculine passive plural second-person subjunctive)
يُقْطَبُوا (masculine passive plural subjunctive third-person)
أُقْطَبَ (feminine first-person passive singular subjunctive)
تُقْطَبِي (feminine passive second-person singular subjunctive)
تُقْطَبَ (feminine passive singular subjunctive third-person)
تُقْطَبَا (dual feminine passive second-person subjunctive)
تُقْطَبَا (dual feminine passive subjunctive third-person)
نُقْطَبَ (feminine first-person passive plural subjunctive)
تُقْطَبْنَ (feminine passive plural second-person subjunctive)
يُقْطَبْنَ (feminine passive plural subjunctive third-person)
أُقْطَبْ (first-person jussive masculine passive singular)
تُقْطَبْ (jussive masculine passive second-person singular)
يُقْطَبْ (jussive masculine passive singular third-person)
تُقْطَبَا (dual jussive masculine passive second-person)
يُقْطَبَا (dual jussive masculine passive third-person)
نُقْطَبْ (first-person jussive masculine passive plural)
تُقْطَبُوا (jussive masculine passive plural second-person)
يُقْطَبُوا (jussive masculine passive plural third-person)
أُقْطَبْ (feminine first-person jussive passive singular)
تُقْطَبِي (feminine jussive passive second-person singular)
تُقْطَبْ (feminine jussive passive singular third-person)
تُقْطَبَا (dual feminine jussive passive second-person)
تُقْطَبَا (dual feminine jussive passive third-person)
نُقْطَبْ (feminine first-person jussive passive plural)
تُقْطَبْنَ (feminine jussive passive plural second-person)
يُقْطَبْنَ (feminine jussive passive plural third-person)

From the root ق ط ب (q-ṭ-b). The plant-name is suspect of an old Aramaic loan, preceding dissimilated Classical Syriac ܩܘܽܪܛܒܳܐ (qurṭəḇā) and ܛܘܽܪܒܳܐ (ṭurṭəḇā) (and ܩܘܽܛܒܳܐ (quṭəḇā), ܩܘܽܛܒܬܳܐ (quṭəḇtā, “puncture-vine”), possibly Arabisms), however already with the meaning specification, but agreeing with Biblical Hebrew קֹטֶב (qōṭəḇ), קֶטֶב (qeṭeḇ, “thorn”). Compare رَتَم (ratam) for a similar constellation.

وَكَأسٍ كَعَينِ الديكِ باكَرتُ حَدَّها
بِفِتيانِ صِدقٍ وَالنَواقيسُ تُضرَبُ
سُلافٍ كَأَنَّ الزَعفَرانَ وَعَندَما
يُصَفَّقُ في ناجودِها ثُمَّ تُقطَبُ
wa-kaʾsin ka-ʿayni ad-dīki bākartu ḥadda-hā
bi-fityāni ṣidqin wa-n-nawāqīsu tuḍrabu
sulāfin ka-ʾanna az-zaʿfarāna wa-ʿindamā

a. 625, اَلأَعْشَى (al-ʔaʕšā)

There are stoops splendid like cock’s eyen, and I betook myself early to cross the border [into the land of the Christians]
with friendly lads, where the bells are hit,
where there is fore-must wine like saffron,
and one clinks the beakers and then mixes the wine.

(obsolete) to mix the wine, to fill it into its vessels in a blended state


قطب

قَطَّبَ • (qaṭṭaba) II (non-past يُقَطِّبُ (yuqaṭṭibu), verbal noun تَقْطِيب (taqṭīb))

قَطَّبَ (canonical)
qaṭṭaba (romanization)
يُقَطِّبُ (non-past)
تَقْطِيب (noun-from-verb)
تَقْطِيب (noun-from-verb)
مُقَطِّب (active participle)
مُقَطَّب (participle passive)
قَطَّبْتُ (active first-person indicative masculine past perfective singular)
قَطَّبْتَ (active indicative masculine past perfective second-person singular)
قَطَّبَ (active indicative masculine past perfective singular third-person)
قَطَّبْتُمَا (active dual indicative masculine past perfective second-person)
قَطَّبَا (active dual indicative masculine past perfective third-person)
قَطَّبْنَا (active first-person indicative masculine past perfective plural)
قَطَّبْتُمْ (active indicative masculine past perfective plural second-person)
قَطَّبُوا (active indicative masculine past perfective plural third-person)
قَطَّبْتُ (active feminine first-person indicative past perfective singular)
قَطَّبْتِ (active feminine indicative past perfective second-person singular)
قَطَّبَتْ (active feminine indicative past perfective singular third-person)
قَطَّبْتُمَا (active dual feminine indicative past perfective second-person)
قَطَّبَتَا (active dual feminine indicative past perfective third-person)
قَطَّبْنَا (active feminine first-person indicative past perfective plural)
قَطَّبْتُنَّ (active feminine indicative past perfective plural second-person)
قَطَّبْنَ (active feminine indicative past perfective plural third-person)
أُقَطِّبُ (active first-person imperfective indicative masculine non-past singular)
تُقَطِّبُ (active imperfective indicative masculine non-past second-person singular)
يُقَطِّبُ (active imperfective indicative masculine non-past singular third-person)
تُقَطِّبَانِ (active dual imperfective indicative masculine non-past second-person)
يُقَطِّبَانِ (active dual imperfective indicative masculine non-past third-person)
نُقَطِّبُ (active first-person imperfective indicative masculine non-past plural)
تُقَطِّبُونَ (active imperfective indicative masculine non-past plural second-person)
يُقَطِّبُونَ (active imperfective indicative masculine non-past plural third-person)
أُقَطِّبُ (active feminine first-person imperfective indicative non-past singular)
تُقَطِّبِينَ (active feminine imperfective indicative non-past second-person singular)
تُقَطِّبُ (active feminine imperfective indicative non-past singular third-person)
تُقَطِّبَانِ (active dual feminine imperfective indicative non-past second-person)
تُقَطِّبَانِ (active dual feminine imperfective indicative non-past third-person)
نُقَطِّبُ (active feminine first-person imperfective indicative non-past plural)
تُقَطِّبْنَ (active feminine imperfective indicative non-past plural second-person)
يُقَطِّبْنَ (active feminine imperfective indicative non-past plural third-person)
أُقَطِّبَ (active first-person masculine singular subjunctive)
تُقَطِّبَ (active masculine second-person singular subjunctive)
يُقَطِّبَ (active masculine singular subjunctive third-person)
تُقَطِّبَا (active dual masculine second-person subjunctive)
يُقَطِّبَا (active dual masculine subjunctive third-person)
نُقَطِّبَ (active first-person masculine plural subjunctive)
تُقَطِّبُوا (active masculine plural second-person subjunctive)
يُقَطِّبُوا (active masculine plural subjunctive third-person)
أُقَطِّبَ (active feminine first-person singular subjunctive)
تُقَطِّبِي (active feminine second-person singular subjunctive)
تُقَطِّبَ (active feminine singular subjunctive third-person)
تُقَطِّبَا (active dual feminine second-person subjunctive)
تُقَطِّبَا (active dual feminine subjunctive third-person)
نُقَطِّبَ (active feminine first-person plural subjunctive)
تُقَطِّبْنَ (active feminine plural second-person subjunctive)
يُقَطِّبْنَ (active feminine plural subjunctive third-person)
أُقَطِّبْ (active first-person jussive masculine singular)
تُقَطِّبْ (active jussive masculine second-person singular)
يُقَطِّبْ (active jussive masculine singular third-person)
تُقَطِّبَا (active dual jussive masculine second-person)
يُقَطِّبَا (active dual jussive masculine third-person)
نُقَطِّبْ (active first-person jussive masculine plural)
تُقَطِّبُوا (active jussive masculine plural second-person)
يُقَطِّبُوا (active jussive masculine plural third-person)
أُقَطِّبْ (active feminine first-person jussive singular)
تُقَطِّبِي (active feminine jussive second-person singular)
تُقَطِّبْ (active feminine jussive singular third-person)
تُقَطِّبَا (active dual feminine jussive second-person)
تُقَطِّبَا (active dual feminine jussive third-person)
نُقَطِّبْ (active feminine first-person jussive plural)
تُقَطِّبْنَ (active feminine jussive plural second-person)
يُقَطِّبْنَ (active feminine jussive plural third-person)
قَطِّبْ (active imperative masculine second-person singular)
قَطِّبَا (active dual imperative masculine second-person)
قَطِّبُوا (active imperative masculine plural second-person)
قَطِّبِي (active feminine imperative second-person singular)
قَطِّبَا (active dual feminine imperative second-person)
قَطِّبْنَ (active feminine imperative plural second-person)
قُطِّبْتُ (first-person indicative masculine passive past perfective singular)
قُطِّبْتَ (indicative masculine passive past perfective second-person singular)
قُطِّبَ (indicative masculine passive past perfective singular third-person)
قُطِّبْتُمَا (dual indicative masculine passive past perfective second-person)
قُطِّبَا (dual indicative masculine passive past perfective third-person)
قُطِّبْنَا (first-person indicative masculine passive past perfective plural)
قُطِّبْتُمْ (indicative masculine passive past perfective plural second-person)
قُطِّبُوا (indicative masculine passive past perfective plural third-person)
قُطِّبْتُ (feminine first-person indicative passive past perfective singular)
قُطِّبْتِ (feminine indicative passive past perfective second-person singular)
قُطِّبَتْ (feminine indicative passive past perfective singular third-person)
قُطِّبْتُمَا (dual feminine indicative passive past perfective second-person)
قُطِّبَتَا (dual feminine indicative passive past perfective third-person)
قُطِّبْنَا (feminine first-person indicative passive past perfective plural)
قُطِّبْتُنَّ (feminine indicative passive past perfective plural second-person)
قُطِّبْنَ (feminine indicative passive past perfective plural third-person)
أُقَطَّبُ (first-person imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive singular)
تُقَطَّبُ (imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive second-person singular)
يُقَطَّبُ (imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive singular third-person)
تُقَطَّبَانِ (dual imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive second-person)
يُقَطَّبَانِ (dual imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive third-person)
نُقَطَّبُ (first-person imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive plural)
تُقَطَّبُونَ (imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive plural second-person)
يُقَطَّبُونَ (imperfective indicative masculine non-past passive plural third-person)
أُقَطَّبُ (feminine first-person imperfective indicative non-past passive singular)
تُقَطَّبِينَ (feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive second-person singular)
تُقَطَّبُ (feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive singular third-person)
تُقَطَّبَانِ (dual feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive second-person)
تُقَطَّبَانِ (dual feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive third-person)
نُقَطَّبُ (feminine first-person imperfective indicative non-past passive plural)
تُقَطَّبْنَ (feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive plural second-person)
يُقَطَّبْنَ (feminine imperfective indicative non-past passive plural third-person)
أُقَطَّبَ (first-person masculine passive singular subjunctive)
تُقَطَّبَ (masculine passive second-person singular subjunctive)
يُقَطَّبَ (masculine passive singular subjunctive third-person)
تُقَطَّبَا (dual masculine passive second-person subjunctive)
يُقَطَّبَا (dual masculine passive subjunctive third-person)
نُقَطَّبَ (first-person masculine passive plural subjunctive)
تُقَطَّبُوا (masculine passive plural second-person subjunctive)
يُقَطَّبُوا (masculine passive plural subjunctive third-person)
أُقَطَّبَ (feminine first-person passive singular subjunctive)
تُقَطَّبِي (feminine passive second-person singular subjunctive)
تُقَطَّبَ (feminine passive singular subjunctive third-person)
تُقَطَّبَا (dual feminine passive second-person subjunctive)
تُقَطَّبَا (dual feminine passive subjunctive third-person)
نُقَطَّبَ (feminine first-person passive plural subjunctive)
تُقَطَّبْنَ (feminine passive plural second-person subjunctive)
يُقَطَّبْنَ (feminine passive plural subjunctive third-person)
أُقَطَّبْ (first-person jussive masculine passive singular)
تُقَطَّبْ (jussive masculine passive second-person singular)
يُقَطَّبْ (jussive masculine passive singular third-person)
تُقَطَّبَا (dual jussive masculine passive second-person)
يُقَطَّبَا (dual jussive masculine passive third-person)
نُقَطَّبْ (first-person jussive masculine passive plural)
تُقَطَّبُوا (jussive masculine passive plural second-person)
يُقَطَّبُوا (jussive masculine passive plural third-person)
أُقَطَّبْ (feminine first-person jussive passive singular)
تُقَطَّبِي (feminine jussive passive second-person singular)
تُقَطَّبْ (feminine jussive passive singular third-person)
تُقَطَّبَا (dual feminine jussive passive second-person)
تُقَطَّبَا (dual feminine jussive passive third-person)
نُقَطَّبْ (feminine first-person jussive passive plural)
تُقَطَّبْنَ (feminine jussive passive plural second-person)
يُقَطَّبْنَ (feminine jussive passive plural third-person)

to scowl, to glower; to knit the brow, to frown


قطب

ar-noun

قُطْب • (quṭb) m (plural أَقْطَاب (ʔaqṭāb))

قُطْب (canonical)
quṭb (romanization)
أَقْطَاب (plural)
قُطْب (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْقُطْب (definite informal singular triptote)
قُطْب (construct informal singular triptote)
قُطْبٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْقُطْبُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
قُطْبُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
قُطْبًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْقُطْبَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
قُطْبَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
قُطْبٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْقُطْبِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
قُطْبِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
قُطْبَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْقُطْبَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
قُطْبَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
قُطْبَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْقُطْبَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
قُطْبَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
قُطْبَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْقُطْبَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
قُطْبَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
قُطْبَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْقُطْبَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
قُطْبَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
أَقْطَاب (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
الْأَقْطَاب (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
أَقْطَاب (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
أَقْطَابٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
الْأَقْطَابُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
أَقْطَابُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
أَقْطَابًا (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
الْأَقْطَابَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
أَقْطَابَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
أَقْطَابٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
الْأَقْطَابِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
أَقْطَابِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܩܘܼܛܒܵܐ (quṭbā)

→ Azerbaijani: qütb

→ Bengali: কুতুব (kutub)

→ Chagatai: قطب

Uyghur: قۇتۇپ (qutup)

Uzbek: qutb

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क़ुत्ब (qutb)

Urdu: قطب (qutb)

→ Israeli Hebrew: קֹטֶב (kótev)

→ Malay: kutub
Indonesian: kutub

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: قطب (kutb, vulg. kutub, kutup)

Turkish: kutup

→ Pashto: قطب

→ Persian: قطب (qotb)

→ Punjabi: قُطْب (qut̤b)

→ Sindhi: قطب

→ Tatar: котып (qotıp)

(electricity, astronomy, geography) pole


قطب

قَطْب (canonical)
قُطُب (canonical)
qaṭb (romanization)
quṭub (romanization)
قَطْب (indefinite informal singular triptote)
قُطُب (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْقَطْب (definite informal singular triptote)
الْقُطُب (definite informal singular triptote)
قَطْب (construct informal singular triptote)
قُطُب (construct informal singular triptote)
قَطْبٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
قُطُبٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْقَطْبُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْقُطُبُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
قَطْبُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
قُطُبُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
قَطْبًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
قُطُبًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْقَطْبَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْقُطُبَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
قَطْبَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
قُطُبَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
قَطْبٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
قُطُبٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْقَطْبِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
الْقُطُبِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
قَطْبِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
قُطُبِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

→ Israeli Hebrew: קֹטֶב (kótev)

→ Tigre: ቅጠብ (ḳəṭäb), ቀጠብ (ḳäṭäb)

→ Tigre: ቅጠብ (ḳəṭäb), ቀጠብ (ḳäṭäb)


جمجمة

ar-proper noun

جُمْجُمَة • (jumjuma) f

جُمْجُمَة (canonical)
jumjuma (romanization)

Compare Aramaic גּוּלְגַּלְתָּא (gulgaltā), Hebrew גֻּלְגֹּלֶת (gulgṓleṯ), Akkadian 𒄢𒄢𒇻 (gulgullu), Egyptian U28-U28-D1:Z1 (ḏꜣḏꜣ, “head”).

cog

גּוּלְגַּלְתָּא

Aramaic גּוּלְגַּלְתָּא (gulgaltā)

Golgotha (biblical): The hill outside Jerusalem where Jesus is reported to have been crucified.


عقرب

ar-noun

عَقْرَب • (ʕaqrab) m (plural عَقَارِب (ʕaqārib))

عَقْرَب (canonical)
ʕaqrab (romanization)
عَقَارِب (plural)
عَقْرَب (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْعَقْرَب (definite informal singular triptote)
عَقْرَب (construct informal singular triptote)
عَقْرَبٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْعَقْرَبُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
عَقْرَبُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
عَقْرَبًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَقْرَبَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
عَقْرَبَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
عَقْرَبٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَقْرَبِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
عَقْرَبِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
عَقْرَبَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْعَقْرَبَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
عَقْرَبَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
عَقْرَبَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْعَقْرَبَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
عَقْرَبَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
عَقْرَبَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَقْرَبَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
عَقْرَبَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
عَقْرَبَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَقْرَبَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
عَقْرَبَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
عَقَارِب (broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural)
الْعَقَارِب (broken-form definite diptote informal plural)
عَقَارِب (broken-form construct diptote informal plural)
عَقَارِبُ (broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural)
الْعَقَارِبُ (broken-form definite diptote nominative plural)
عَقَارِبُ (broken-form construct diptote nominative plural)
عَقَارِبَ (accusative broken-form diptote indefinite plural)
الْعَقَارِبَ (accusative broken-form definite diptote plural)
عَقَارِبَ (accusative broken-form construct diptote plural)
عَقَارِبَ (broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural)
الْعَقَارِبِ (broken-form definite diptote genitive plural)
عَقَارِبِ (broken-form construct diptote genitive plural)

Maltese: għakreb

Moroccan Arabic: عقرب (ʕaqrab)

→ Armenian: աղրաբ (aġrab)

→ Azerbaijani: əqrəb / әгрәб

→ Khalaj: aqrab

→ Persian: عقرب ('aqrab)

→ Navarro-Aragonese: alacran

desc

Aragonese: alacrán, alicrán, arraclán, arriclán

→ Old Catalan: alacrà

Catalan: alacrà, alicrà, aliacrà

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: alacran

Portuguese: lacrau, lacraia, alacrau, alacrara

→ Old Spanish: alacran

Spanish: alacrán

→ Tagalog: alakdan

→ Swahili: akrabu

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: عقرب
Turkish: akrep
→ Albanian: akrep
→ Armenian: ախրէպ (axrēp)
→ Laz: აკრეპი (aǩrep̌i), აქრები (akrebi) — Artasheni, ანკრეპი (anǩrep̌i)

→ Uzbek: aqrab

From Proto-Semitic *ʕaḳrab-. Compare Jewish Palestinian Aramaic עַקְרַבָּא (ʿaqraḇā), Classical Syriac ܥܶܩܰܪܒܳܐ (ʿeqarbā), Hebrew עַקְרָב (ʿaqrāḇ), Ugaritic 𐎓𐎖𐎗𐎁 (ʿqrb), Ge'ez ዐቅረብ (ʿäḳräb); attested as a Semitic word since Akkadian 𒀝𒊏𒁍 (aqrabu).

cog

(astronomy) Scorpius, a constellation of the zodiac

(astrology) Scorpio, the zodiac sign for the scorpion


السرطان

ar-proper noun

السَرَطَان • (as-saraṭān) m

السَرَطَان (canonical)
as-saraṭān (romanization)
السَّرَطَان (definite informal singular triptote)
السَّرَطَانُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
السَّرَطَانَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
السَّرَطَانِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

ar:برج السرطان


سرطان

ar-noun

سَرَطَان • (saraṭān) m (plural سَرَطَانَات (saraṭānāt) or سَرَاطِين (sarāṭīn))

سَرَطَان (canonical)
saraṭān (romanization)
سَرَطَانَات (plural)
سَرَاطِين (plural)
سَرَطَان (indefinite informal singular triptote)
السَّرَطَان (definite informal singular triptote)
سَرَطَان (construct informal singular triptote)
سَرَطَانٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
السَّرَطَانُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
سَرَطَانُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
سَرَطَانًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
السَّرَطَانَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
سَرَطَانَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
سَرَطَانٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
السَّرَطَانِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
سَرَطَانِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
سَرَطَانَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
السَّرَطَانَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
سَرَطَانَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
سَرَطَانَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
السَّرَطَانَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
سَرَطَانَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
سَرَطَانَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
السَّرَطَانَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
سَرَطَانَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
سَرَطَانَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
السَّرَطَانَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
سَرَطَانَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
سَرَطَانَات (broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural)
سَرَطَانَات (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
سَرَاطِين (broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural)
سَرَاطِين (feminine indefinite informal plural sound-form)
السَّرَطَانَات (broken-form definite diptote informal plural)
السَّرَطَانَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
السَّرَاطِين (broken-form definite diptote informal plural)
السَّرَاطِين (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
سَرَطَانَات (broken-form construct diptote informal plural)
سَرَطَانَات (construct feminine informal plural sound-form)
سَرَاطِين (broken-form construct diptote informal plural)
سَرَاطِين (construct feminine informal plural sound-form)
سَرَطَانَاتٌ (broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural)
سَرَطَانَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
سَرَاطِينُ (broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural)
سَرَاطِينُ (feminine indefinite nominative plural sound-form)
السَّرَطَانَاتُ (broken-form definite diptote nominative plural)
السَّرَطَانَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
السَّرَاطِينُ (broken-form definite diptote nominative plural)
السَّرَاطِينُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
سَرَطَانَاتُ (broken-form construct diptote nominative plural)
سَرَطَانَاتُ (construct feminine nominative plural sound-form)
سَرَاطِينُ (broken-form construct diptote nominative plural)
سَرَاطِينُ (construct feminine nominative plural sound-form)
سَرَطَانَاتٍ (accusative broken-form diptote indefinite plural)
سَرَطَانَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
سَرَاطِينَ (accusative broken-form diptote indefinite plural)
سَرَاطِينَ (accusative feminine indefinite plural sound-form)
السَّرَطَانَاتِ (accusative broken-form definite diptote plural)
السَّرَطَانَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
السَّرَاطِينَ (accusative broken-form definite diptote plural)
السَّرَاطِينَ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
سَرَطَانَاتِ (accusative broken-form construct diptote plural)
سَرَطَانَاتِ (accusative construct feminine plural sound-form)
سَرَاطِينَ (accusative broken-form construct diptote plural)
سَرَاطِينَ (accusative construct feminine plural sound-form)
سَرَطَانَاتٍ (broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural)
سَرَطَانَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
سَرَاطِينَ (broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural)
سَرَاطِينَ (feminine genitive indefinite plural sound-form)
السَّرَطَانَاتِ (broken-form definite diptote genitive plural)
السَّرَطَانَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
السَّرَاطِينِ (broken-form definite diptote genitive plural)
السَّرَاطِينِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)
سَرَطَانَاتِ (broken-form construct diptote genitive plural)
سَرَطَانَاتِ (construct feminine genitive plural sound-form)
سَرَاطِينِ (broken-form construct diptote genitive plural)
سَرَاطِينِ (construct feminine genitive plural sound-form)

→ Spanish: zaratán

desc

→ Middle Armenian: սարատան (saratan), սարատայն (saratayn), սարաթան (saratʻan)

→ Persian: سرطان (saratân)

→ Swahili: saratani

Compare Classical Syriac ܣܪܛܢܐ (sarṭānā), and Hebrew סַרְטָן (sarṭā́n).
The medical sense is possibly a semantic loan from Ancient Greek καρκίνος (karkínos).

semantic loan

(pathology, uncountable) cancer, carcinoma