فاس

ar-proper noun

فَاس • (fās) f

فَاس (canonical)
fās (romanization)
فَاس (definite diptote informal singular)
فَاسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
فَاسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
فَاسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Portuguese: Fez

→ Spanish: Fez

Compare Central Atlas Tamazight ⴼⴰⵙ (fas)); linked to the region of the Central Atlas Mountains called ْفَازَاز (fāzāz), deriving either from a chronicled بَنُو فَازَازْ (banū fāzāz), ultimately associated with Central Atlas Tamazight ⴰⴼⵣⴰ (afza, “coarse, rough, hard, rocky”). The headwear is derived from Ottoman Turkish فس (fes) coined from the Moroccan city where it was popularized, itself from فَاس (fās).

der

Fez (the capital city of the region of Fez-Meknes, Morocco)


الرياض

ar-proper noun

الرِّيَاض • (ar-riyāḍ) f

الرِّيَاض (canonical)
ar-riyāḍ (romanization)
الرِّيَاض (definite diptote informal singular)
الرِّيَاضُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
الرِّيَاضَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
الرِّيَاضِ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Definite form of رِيَاض (riyāḍ), plural of رَوْض (rawḍ, “meadow”).

Riyadh (the capital city of Saudi Arabia)


الجزائر

الْجَزَائِر • (al-jazāʔir) f pl

الْجَزَائِر (canonical)
al-jazāʔir (romanization)
الْجَزَائِر (definite diptote informal singular)
الْجَزَائِرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
الْجَزَائِرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
الْجَزَائِرِ (definite diptote genitive singular)

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܓܲܙܵܐܝܼܪ (gazzāˀīr)

→ Azerbaijani: Əlcəzair

→ English: Algeria, Algiers

→ Spanish: Argelia

→ Malay: Aljazair

→ Indonesian: Aljazair

→ Turkish: Cezayir

→ Urdu: الجزائر (aljaza'ir)

Muhammad al-Idrisi
Yaqut al-Hamawi
ar:الجزائر

The broken plural of جَزِيرَة (jazīra, “island”) has come to be the proper name for Algeria, its capital, and the islands in its bay, as there were once several small islands in the Bay of Algiers. Most of these islands are now connected to the shore or have been removed. الْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir) is itself a truncated form of the city's older name of جَزَائِر بَنِي مَزْغَنَّى (jazāʔir banī mazḡannā, “the islands of (the tribe) Ait Mazghanna”), which was used by early medieval geographers such as Muhammad al-Idrisi and Yaqut al-Hamawi.

Algiers (the capital and largest city of Algeria)


الكويت

الْكُوَيْت (canonical)
al-kuwayt (romanization)
الْكُوَيْت (definite informal singular triptote)
الْكُوَيْتُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْكُوَيْتَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْكُوَيْتِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܟܘܵܝܬ (kwāyt)

English: Kuwait, Kuwait City

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Kuwait

Ottoman Turkish: کویت (Kuveyt)

Turkish: Kuveyt

Popularly said to be derived from الْكُوت (al-kūt), found in several placenames around the Gulf. Ultimately of obscure meaning and origin. Compare Hindi कोट (koṭ, “fort”). It is one of the Arabic country names which require the definite article ال (al-).

Kuwait City (the capital city of Kuwait).


القاهرة

ar-proper noun

الْقَاهِرَة • (al-qāhira) f

الْقَاهِرَة (canonical)
al-qāhira (romanization)
الْقَاهِرَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
الْقَاهِرَةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
الْقَاهِرَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
الْقَاهِرَةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܩܵܗܝܼܪܵܐ (qāhīrā)

→ Azerbaijani: Qahirə

→ Bashkir: Ҡаһирә (Qahirə)

→ Chagatai: قاهره

Uyghur: قاھىرە (qahire)

Uzbek: Qohira

→ Hebrew: קָהִיר (kahír)

→ Malay: Kaherah

→ Ottoman Turkish: قاهره

Turkish: Kahire

→ Pashto: قاهره

→ Persian: قاهره (qâhere)

→ Punjabi: قاہِرَہ (qāhirah)

→ Sindhi: قاهره

→ Tatar: Каһирә (Qahirä)

→ Urdu: قاہِرَہ (qāhira)

Literally, “the Victorious”, named after an epithet of the planet Mars, النَّجْم القَاهِر (an-najm al-qāhir, “the victorious star”), in reference to Mars' passage above the site of the city at the time of the foundation of its walls in 969 CE; from قَهَرَ (qahara, “to defeat”).


مصر

ar-proper noun

مِصْر • (miṣr) f

مِصْر (canonical)
miṣr (romanization)
مِصْر (definite diptote informal singular)
مِصْرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
مِصْرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
مِصْرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

desctree

Egyptian Arabic: مصر (maṣr)
→ Nobiin: Másser

Gulf Arabic: مصر (maṣir)

Hijazi Arabic: مَصُر (maṣur)

Maltese: Masar

Moroccan Arabic: مصر (miṣr)

North Levantine Arabic: مَصْر (maṣ(ə)r)

→ Abkhaz: Мысра (Məsra), Мсыр (Msər)

→ Adyghe: Мысыр (Məsər)

→ Akan: Misrim

→ Amharic: ምሥር (məśr)

→ Azerbaijani: Misir

→ Bashkir: Мысыр (Mısır)

→ Beja: مَسِر (Másir)

→ Chagatai: مصر

Uyghur: مىسىر (misir)

Uzbek: Misr

→ Chechen: Мисар (Misar)

→ Crimean Tatar: Mısır

→ Dhivehi: މިޞްރު (mişru)

→ Hausa: Masar, Misira

→ Kabyle: Maṣer

→ Kalenjin: Misri

→ Kamba: Misri

→ Kikuyu: Misri

→ Krymchak: Мысыр

→ Kumyk: Мисри (Misri)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: میسر (mîsr)

Northern Kurdish: Misir

→ Kyrgyz: Мысыр (Mısır)

→ Lezgi: Мисри (Misri)

→ Luhya: Misri

→ Luo: Misri

→ Classical Malay: مصر (Mesir)

Malay: Mesir

Indonesian: Mesir

→ Maranao: Misir

→ Meru: Misri

→ Mongolian:

Cyrillic script: Мисир (Misir)

Mongolian script: ᠮᠢᠰᠢᠷ (misir)

→ Ossetian: Мысыр (Mysyr)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مصر (Mısır) (see there for further descendants)

→ Pashto: مصر (mesr)

→ Classical Persian: مِصْر (misr) (see there for further descendants)

→ Swahili: Umisri, Misri

From a common Semitic source; compare Hebrew מִצְרַיִם (miṣráyim), Ugaritic 𐎎𐎕𐎗𐎎 (mṣrm), and Akkadian 𒈪𒄑𒊑𒄿 (miṣru) or 𒈬𒀫 (muṣru). The ending in Hebrew and Ugaritic is the standard dual form, perhaps related to the ancient conceptualization of Egypt as two realms: Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. Conflated with the root م ص ر (m-ṣ-r) in some senses (see below).
The sense of Cairo stems from the earlier settlement مِصْرُ الفُسْطَاط (miṣru l-fusṭāṭ, “the Civil Center of Assembly”, literally “of the large camel-hair tents, assembly halls”) that was incorporated into Cairo.

(dialectal, Egypt) Cairo (the capital and largest city of Egypt)


أورشليم

ar-proper noun

أُورُشَلِيم • (ʔūrušalīm) f

أُورُشَلِيم (canonical)
ʔūrušalīm (romanization)
أُورُشَلِيم (definite diptote informal singular)
أُورُشَلِيمُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
أُورُشَلِيمَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
أُورُشَلِيمَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

أُورُشَلِيمُ

From Classical Syriac ܐܘܪܫܠܡ (ʾūrišlēm, ʾōrēšlim), a pre-Hebrew form. Compare 𒌑𒊒𒊓𒅆𒆠 (Urušalim) in the Armana letters (14th century B.C.).

bor

وَأَصْحَابُ هَٰذِهِ الْمُؤَامَرَةِ لَمْ يَسْتَطِيعُوا أَنْ يَجْهَرُوا بِهَا فِي أُورُشَلِيمَ

a. 1273, اَلْقُرْطُبِيّ [al-qurṭubiyy], edited by أَحْمَد حِجَازِيّ السَّقَّا [ʔaḥmad ḥijāziyy as-saqqā], اَلْإِعْلَامُ بِمَا فِي دِينِ النَّصَارَى مِنَ الْفَسَادِ وَٱلْأَوْهَامِ [al-ʔiʕlāmu bimā fī dīni n-naṣārā mina l-fasādi wal-ʔawhāmi], دَار التُّرَاث اَلْعَرَبِيّ [dār at-turāṯ al-ʕarabiyy], page 484:

The plotters of this conspiracy were unable to openly declare it in Jerusalem.

(Christianity, Israel) Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


القدس

الْقُدْس (canonical)
al-quds (romanization)
الْقُدْس (definite informal singular triptote)
الْقُدْسُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْقُدْسَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْقُدْسِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

→ Belarusian: Аль-Ку́дс (Alʹ-Kúds)

→ Bengali: কুদুস (kudus)

→ English: al-Quds

→ Classical Persian: قُدْس (quds)

Persian: قُدْس (qods)

→ Ottoman Turkish: قدس (Kudüs)

→ Turkish: Kudüs

→ Russian: Аль-Ку́дс (Alʹ-Kúds)

→ Ukrainian: Аль-Ку́дс (Alʹ-Kúds)

Ellipsis of مَدِينَة الْقُدْس (madīnat al-quds), a calque of Classical Syriac ܡܕܝܢܬ ܩܘܕܫܐ (məḏīnaṯ quḏšā), from Hebrew עִיר הַקֹּדֶשׁ (ʿîr haq-qṓḏeš, “the city of holiness”). Morphologically the definite of قُدْس (quds), from the root ق د س (q-d-s).

ellipsis

مَدِينَة الْقُدْس

calque

məḏīnaṯ quḏšā

der

עִיר הַקֹּדֶשׁ

الْبَيْتُ لَنَا وَٱلْقُدْسُ لَنَا
 وَبِأَيْدِينَا سَنُعِيدُ بَهَاءَ ٱلْقُدْسِ
 بِأَيْدِينَا لِلْقُدْسِ سَلَام آتٍ

1967, “زَهْرَة الْمَدَائِن [Flower of Cities]”, Said Akl (lyrics), Rahbani brothers (music)performed by Fairuz:

The house is ours, and Jerusalem is ours.
And by our hands we will restore Jerusalem’s splendor.
By our hands to Jerusalem peace is coming.

al-baytu lanā wal-qudsu lanā
 wabiʔaydīnā sanuʕīdu bahāʔa l-qudsi
 biʔaydīnā lilqudsi salām ʔātin


طهران

ar-proper noun

طَهْرَان • (ṭahrān) f

طَهْرَان (canonical)
ṭahrān (romanization)
طَهْرَان (definite diptote informal singular)
طَهْرَانُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
طَهْرَانَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
طَهْرَانَ (definite diptote genitive singular)


إشبيلية

إِشْبِيلِيَة

إِشْبِيلِيَة • (ʔišbīliya) f

إِشْبِيلِيَة (canonical)
ʔišbīliya (romanization)
إِشْبِيلِيَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
إِشْبِيلِيَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
إِشْبِيلِيَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
إِشْبِيلِيَةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

إِشْبِيلِيَة:di

desctree

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Sevilha
Galician: Sevilla
Portuguese: Sevilha

→ Spanish: Sevilla

→ Sicilian: Xibilia

→ Sicilian: Scibbilia (Italianized spelling)

From Latin Hispalis, ultimately from Phoenician 𐤔𐤐𐤋𐤄 (šplh /sep̄ela/, “plain, valley”).

der

Seville (the capital city of Andalusia, Spain)


لندن

ar-proper noun

لُنْدُن or لَنْدَن • (lundun or landan) f

لُنْدُن (canonical)
لَنْدَن (canonical)
lundun (romanization)
landan (romanization)
لُنْدُن (definite diptote informal singular)
لَنْدَن (definite diptote informal singular)
لُنْدُنُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
لَنْدَنُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
لُنْدُنَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
لَنْدَنَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
لُنْدُنَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
لَنْدَنَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


موش

مُوش • (mūš) ?

Mush (the capital city of Mush province, Turkey)


تونس

تُونُس or تُونِس • (tūnus or tūnis) f

تُونُس (canonical)
تُونِس (canonical)
tūnus (romanization)
tūnis (romanization)
تُونُس (definite diptote informal singular)
تُونِس (definite diptote informal singular)
تُونُسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
تُونِسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
تُونُسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
تُونِسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
تُونُسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
تُونِسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Tunis (The capital city, since 1159, and largest city of Tunisia)


بغداد

بَغْدَاد • (baḡdād) f

بَغْدَاد (canonical)
baḡdād (romanization)
بَغْدَاد (definite diptote informal singular)
بَغْدَادُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بَغْدَادَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بَغْدَادَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Borrowed from Classical Persian بَغْدَاد (bağdād).

bor+

ar:بغداد
ar:محافظة بغداد

Alternative forms: (obsolete) بَغْذَاذ (baḡḏāḏ), (obsolete) بَغْدَان (baḡdān), (obsolete) بَغْدِين (baḡdīn), (obsolete) مَغْدَان (maḡdān)


عمان

ar-proper noun

عَمَّان • (ʕammān) f

عَمَّان (canonical)
ʕammān (romanization)
عَمَّان (definite diptote informal singular)
عَمَّانُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
عَمَّانَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
عَمَّانَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܥܲܡܵܐܢ (ˁammān)

→ Persian: عمان ('ammân)

→ Punjabi: عَمّان (ʻammān)

→ Sindhi: عمان

→ Urdu: عَمّان ('ammān)

Generally connected to the root ع م م (ʕ-m-m) dealing with the concepts of "kinsmen or people", "father's brother", "to be distantly related, an extended tribe", "a very large company", "a tribe, multitude, or great band"; attested as far back as Akkadian 𒌷𒄠𒈠𒈾 (Ammān, “City of Ammān”) likely deriving from a local power's endonym.


برن

بِرْن (canonical)
birn (romanization)
bern (romanization)
بِرْن (definite diptote informal singular triptote)
بِرْن (definite diptote informal singular triptote)
بِرْنُ (definite diptote nominative singular triptote)
بِرْنٌ (definite diptote nominative singular triptote)
بِرْنَ (accusative definite diptote singular triptote)
بِرْنًا (accusative definite diptote singular triptote)
بِرْنَ (definite diptote genitive singular triptote)
بِرْنٍ (definite diptote genitive singular triptote)


باماكو

بَامَاكُو • (bāmākū) f

بَامَاكُو (canonical)
bāmākū (romanization)


مارسيليا

مَارْسِيلِيَّا

مَارْسِيلِيَّا • (mārsīliyyā) f

مَارْسِيلِيَّا (canonical)
mārsīliyyā (romanization)

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Marseille (the capital city of the Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; capital city of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


نانسي

نَانْسِي • (nānsī) f

نَانْسِي (canonical)
nānsī (romanization)

Nancy (the capital city of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, France)


باريس

بَارِيس • (bārīs) f

بَارِيس (canonical)
bārīs (romanization)
بَارِيس (definite diptote informal singular)
بَارِيسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بَارِيسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بَارِيسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Afar: Baaríis

→ Somali: Baaríis

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


كراكاس

كَرَاكَاس • (karākās) f

كَرَاكَاس (canonical)
karākās (romanization)


هلسنكي

هِلْسِنْكِي (canonical)
hilsinkī (romanization)
helsinkī (romanization)
هِلْسِنْكِي (definite diptote informal singular)
هِلْسِنْكِي (definite diptote informal singular)
هِلْسِنْكِيُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
هِلْسِنْكِيُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
هِلْسِنْكِيَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
هِلْسِنْكِيَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
هِلْسِنْكِيَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
هِلْسِنْكِيَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

هِلْسِنْكِي:di

هِلْسِنْكِي/helsinkī:di

From Finnish Helsinki, itself derived from Swedish.


أمستردام

ar-proper noun

أَمْسْتِرْدَام

أَمْسْتِرْدَام • (ʔamstirdām) f

أَمْسْتِرْدَام (canonical)
ʔamstirdām (romanization)
أَمْسْتِرْدَام (definite diptote informal singular)
أَمْسْتِرْدَامُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
أَمْسْتِرْدَامَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
أَمْسْتِرْدَامَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

أَمْسْتِرْدَام:di

Amsterdam (a city and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands; capital city of the Netherlands)


الشام

ar-proper noun

الشَّام • (aš-šām) f

الشَّام (canonical)
aš-šām (romanization)
الشَّام (definite informal singular triptote)
الشَّامُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الشَّامَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الشَّامِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

From the root ش ء م (š-ʔ-m), a variant of ش م ل (š-m-l); contrasted with اليَمَن (al-yaman) from *yamīn- (“right-hand side; southward”). Cognate with Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (s'mól, “left”), Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, “left side”), Aramaic סְמָלָא / ܣܡܠܐ (semālā, “left side”), Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl). The northern sense derives from the left-hand side oriented with the sunrise, also attested in Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩱𐩣 (s²ʾm, “North”).
The “Greater Syria, the Levant” sense is an ellipsis of بِلَاد الشَّام (bilād aš-šām).

ar-root

ش ء م (š-ʔ-m)

cog

Aramaic סְמָלָא

ellipsis

بِلَاد الشَّام

الشَّام القَدِيمَة


بعلبك

ar-proper noun

بَعْلَبَكّ • (baʕlabakk) f

بَعْلَبَكّ (canonical)
baʕlabakk (romanization)
بَعْلَبَكّ (definite diptote informal singular)
بَعْلَبَكُّ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بَعْلَبَكَّ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بَعْلَبَكَّ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Azerbaijani: Bələbək

desc

→ Chagatai: بَعْلَبَک

→ Chagatai: بَعْلَبَک

Uyghur: بەئلەبەك (be'lebek)

Uzbek: Baʼlabak

→ Ottoman Turkish: بعلبك (Baʿlebekk)

Turkish: Balebek

→ Punjabi: بَعْلَبَک (baʻlabak)

→ Persian: بعلبک (ba'labakk)

→ Tajik: Баълабак (Baʾlabak)

→ Urdu: بَعْلَبَک (baʿlabak)

Debated. Related to بَعْل (baʕl, “lord”).

unknown

Debated

Baalbek-Hermel Governorate
Baalbek-Hermel Governorate#English

Baalbek (the capital city of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon)


بيروت

ar-proper noun

بَيْرُوت • (bayrūt) f

بَيْرُوت (canonical)
bayrūt (romanization)
بَيْرُوت (definite diptote informal singular)
بَيْرُوتُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بَيْرُوتَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بَيْرُوتَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Cypriot Arabic: Verút

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܒܲܝܪܘܼܬ (bayrūt)

→ Azerbaijani: Beyrut

→ Bashkir: Бәйрүт (Bəyrüt)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बैरूत (bairūt)

Urdu: بَیرُوت (bairūt)

→ Marathi: बैरूत (bairūt)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بیروت (Beyrût)

Turkish: Beyrut

→ Persian: بیروت (beyrut)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬੈਰੂਤ (bairūt)

Shahmukhi script: بَیرُوت (bairūt)

→ Sindhi: بيروت

→ Tatar: Бәйрут (Bäyrut)

→ Uyghur: بەيرۇت (beyrut)

→ Uzbek: Bayrut


موسكو

ar-proper noun

مُوسْكُو • (muskū, mūskū, mōskū, mōskō) f

مُوسْكُو (canonical)
muskū (romanization)
mūskū (romanization)
mōskū (romanization)
mōskō (romanization)
مُوسْكُو (definite informal invariable singular)
مُوسْكُو (definite invariable nominative singular)
مُوسْكُو (accusative definite invariable singular)
مُوسْكُو (definite genitive invariable singular)


يريفان

يِرِيفَان • (yirifān) m

يِرِيفَان (canonical)
yirifān (romanization)


طوكيو

طُوكِيُو • (ṭūkiyū) f

طُوكِيُو (canonical)
ṭūkiyū (romanization)
طُوكِيُو (definite informal invariable singular)
طُوكِيُو (definite invariable nominative singular)
طُوكِيُو (accusative definite invariable singular)
طُوكِيُو (definite genitive invariable singular)

ja-r

東京(とうきょう) (Tōkyō)

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan)


واشنطن

ar-proper noun

وَاشِنْطُن • (wāšinṭun) f

وَاشِنْطُن (canonical)
wāšinṭun (romanization)
وَاشِنْطُن (definite diptote informal singular)
وَاشِنْطُنُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
وَاشِنْطُنَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
وَاشِنْطُنَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

وَاشِنْطُن:di

Washington (the capital city of the United States)


أبوظبي

ar-proper noun

أَبُوظَبْي • (ʔabūẓaby) f

أَبُوظَبْي (canonical)
ʔabūẓaby (romanization)

أَبُو ظَبْي
أبو ظبي#Arabic

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Alternative spelling of أَبُو ظَبْي (ʔabū ẓaby): Abu Dhabi (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates; capital of Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates)


بكين

بِكِين (canonical)
bikīn (romanization)
pikīn (romanization)


الرباط

الرِّبَاط or الرَّبَاط • (ar-ribāṭ or ar-rabāṭ) f

الرِّبَاط (canonical)
الرَّبَاط (canonical)
ar-ribāṭ (romanization)
ar-rabāṭ (romanization)
الرِّبَاط (definite informal singular triptote)
الرَّبَاط (definite informal singular triptote)
الرِّبَاطُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الرَّبَاطُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الرِّبَاطَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الرَّبَاطَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الرِّبَاطِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
الرَّبَاطِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Rabat (the capital city of Morocco, and capital city of the region of Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco)


الخرطوم

الْخُرْطُوم • (al-ḵurṭūm) f

الْخُرْطُوم (canonical)
al-ḵurṭūm (romanization)
الْخُرْطُوم (definite informal singular triptote)
الْخُرْطُومُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْخُرْطُومَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْخُرْطُومِ (definite genitive singular triptote)


نواكشوط

نُوَاكْشُوط or نَوَاكْشُوط • (nuwākšuṭ or nawākšuṭ) f

نُوَاكْشُوط (canonical)
نَوَاكْشُوط (canonical)
nuwākšuṭ (romanization)
nawākšuṭ (romanization)
نُوَاكْشُوط (definite informal singular triptote)
نَوَاكْشُوط (definite informal singular triptote)
نُوَاكْشُوطٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
نَوَاكْشُوطٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
نُوَاكْشُوطًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
نَوَاكْشُوطًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
نُوَاكْشُوطٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)
نَوَاكْشُوطٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

نُوَاكْشُوط/nuwākšuṭ

نَوَاكْشُوط/nawākšuṭ

Ultimately from Berber, meaning “place of the winds”.

Nouakchott (the capital city of Mauritania)


صنعاء

ar-proper noun

صَنْعَاء • (ṣanʕāʔ) f

صَنْعَاء (canonical)
ṣanʕāʔ (romanization)
صَنْعَاء (definite diptote informal singular)
صَنْعَاءُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
صَنْعَاءَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
صَنْعَاءَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Azerbaijani: Səna

→ English: Sanaa

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: صنعا (san'a)
Turkish: San'a

→ Persian: صنعا (san'â)

Tajik: Санъо (Sanʾo)

→ Tatar: Сәнга (Sänga)

From Old South Arabian 𐩮𐩬𐩲𐩥 (ṣnʿw); 𐩮𐩬𐩲 (ṣnʿ) is also found as a town-name. Both are of trivial derivation from 𐩮𐩬𐩲 (ṣnʿ, “to work, to work upon, to fortify”) cognate to Arabic صَنَعَ (ṣanaʕa).

Sanaa (the capital and largest city of Yemen)


المنامة

ar-proper noun

الْمَنَامَة • (al-manāma) f

الْمَنَامَة (canonical)
al-manāma (romanization)
الْمَنَامَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
الْمَنَامَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
الْمَنَامَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
الْمَنَامَةِ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)


الدوحة

الدَّوْحَة • (ad-dawḥa) f

الدَّوْحَة (canonical)
ad-dawḥa (romanization)
الدَّوْحَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
الدَّوْحَةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
الدَّوْحَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
الدَّوْحَةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

From the definite form of دَوْحَة (dawḥa).


دمشق

دِمَشْق • (dimašq) f

دِمَشْق (canonical)
dimašq (romanization)
دِمَشْق (definite diptote informal singular)
دِمَشْقُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
دِمَشْقَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
دِمَشْقَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

دِمَشْق القَدِيمَة


مسقط

ar:مسقط
ar:مسقط (عمان)

مَسْقَط • (masqaṭ) f

مَسْقَط (canonical)
masqaṭ (romanization)
مَسْقَط (definite informal singular triptote)
مَسْقَطٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
مَسْقَطًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
مَسْقَطٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)


طرابلس

طَرَابُلُس • (ṭarābulus) f

طَرَابُلُس (canonical)
ṭarābulus (romanization)
طَرَابُلُس (definite diptote informal singular)
طَرَابُلُسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
طَرَابُلُسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
طَرَابُلُسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar:طرابلس
ar:طرابلس (لبنان)

→ Azerbaijani: Tərabülüs

→ Hausa: Tarabulus

→ Ottoman Turkish: طرابلس (tarabülüs)

→ Persian: طرابلس (tarâbolos)

→ Urdu: طرابلس (tarābulus)

→ Uyghur: تەرابۇلۇس (terabulus)

→ Uzbek: Tarobulus


نجامينا

نِجَامِينَا • (nijamīnā) f

نِجَامِينَا (canonical)
nijamīnā (romanization)


أسمرة

أَسْمَرَة • (ʔasmara) f

أَسْمَرَة (canonical)
ʔasmara (romanization)
أَسْمَرَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
أَسْمَرَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
أَسْمَرَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
أَسْمَرَةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

أَسْمَرَا أسمرا#Arabic

Alternative spelling of أَسْمَرَا (ʔasmarā, “Asmara (the capital city of Eritrea)”)


إنجامينا

إِنْجَامِينَا

إِنْجَامِينَا • (ʾinjamīnā) f

إِنْجَامِينَا (canonical)
ʾinjamīnā (romanization)


جيبوتي

جِيبُوتِي • (jībūtī) f

جِيبُوتِي (canonical)
jībūtī (romanization)


برلين

بَرْلِين • (barlīn) f

بَرْلِين (canonical)
barlīn (romanization)
بَرْلِين (definite diptote informal singular)
بَرْلِينُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بَرْلِينَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بَرْلِينَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)


مدريد

مَدْرِيد • (madrīd) f

مَدْرِيد (canonical)
madrīd (romanization)
مَدْرِيد (definite diptote informal singular)
مَدْرِيدُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
مَدْرِيدَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
مَدْرِيدَ (definite diptote genitive singular)


سيئول

سِيئُول • (siʾūl) m

سِيئُول (canonical)
siʾūl (romanization)


سيول

سِيُول • (siyūl) f


مقديشو

مَقَدِيشُو or مَقْدِيشُو • (maqadīšū or maqdīšū) f

مَقَدِيشُو (canonical)
مَقْدِيشُو (canonical)
maqadīšū (romanization)
maqdīšū (romanization)
مَقَدِيشُو (definite informal invariable singular)
مَقْدِيشُو (definite informal invariable singular)
مَقَدِيشُو (definite invariable nominative singular)
مَقْدِيشُو (definite invariable nominative singular)
مَقَدِيشُو (accusative definite invariable singular)
مَقْدِيشُو (accusative definite invariable singular)
مَقَدِيشُو (definite genitive invariable singular)
مَقْدِيشُو (definite genitive invariable singular)

From Persian مقعد (maq'ad, “seat”) + شاه (šâh, “shah”), "seat of the Shah."


السويس

اَلسُّوَيْس • (as-suways) m

اَلسُّوَيْس (canonical)
as-suways (romanization)

Suez (a port city, the capital city of Suez governorate, Egypt)


كابل

كَابُل • (kābul) f

كَابُل (canonical)
kābul (romanization)
كَابُل (definite diptote informal singular)
كَابُلُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
كَابُلَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
كَابُلَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

From Persian کابل (kâbol), from Pashto کابل (kâbël).


نيودلهي

نِيُودِلْهِي

نِيُودِلْهِي • (niyūdilhī) f

نِيُودِلْهِي (canonical)
niyūdilhī (romanization)


جاكرتا

جَاكَرْتَا • (jākartā) f

جَاكَرْتَا (canonical)
jākartā (romanization)


كوالا لمبور

كُوَالَا لُمْبُور

كُوَالَا لُمْبُور • (kuwālā lumbūr) f

كُوَالَا لُمْبُور (canonical)
kuwālā lumbūr (romanization)

ar:كوالا لمبور

Kuala Lumpur (the capital city of Malaysia)


تالين

تَالِين • (tālīn) f

تَالِين (canonical)
tālīn (romanization)


صيدا

صَيْدَا • (Ṣaydā) f

صَيْدَا (canonical)
Ṣaydā (romanization)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: صیدا (Sayda)
Turkish: Sayda

French: Saïda

English: Saida, Saïda

From Classical Arabic صَيْدُون (ṣaydūn), from Classical Syriac ܨܰܝܕ݁ܳܢ (ṣaydon) from Phoenician 𐤑𐤉𐤃𐤅𐤍 (ṣydwn /ṣīdūn/). Cognate with Aramaic ܨܝܕܘܢ (ṣīdōn), Hebrew צִידוֹן (ṣīḏōn), Ancient Greek Σιδών (Sidṓn), Latin Sīdōn.

cog

Hebrew צִידוֹן (ṣīḏōn)

Saïda (a city in Lebanon), the ancient Sidon (a former city-state in Phoenicia)


حلب

ar-proper noun

حَلَب • (ḥalab) f

حَلَب (canonical)
ḥalab (romanization)
حَلَب (definite diptote informal singular)
حَلَبُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
حَلَبَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
حَلَبَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Avar: Хӏалаб (Ḥʳalab)

→ Azerbaijani: Hələb

→ Bengali: হলব (holob)

→ Chagatai: حلب

Uyghur: ھەلەب (heleb)

Uzbek: Halab

→ Central Kurdish: حەلەب (ḧeleb)

→ Chechen: Хьалаб (Ḥʳalab)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हलब (halab)

Urdu: حَلَب (halab)

→ Northern Kurdish: Heleb

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: حلب (Haleb, vulg. Halep)
Turkish: Halep
→ Albanian: Halepi
→ Armenian: Հալեպ (Halep)
→ Greek: Χαλέπι (Chalépi)
→ French: Alep
→ Italian: Aleppo
→ Danish: Aleppo
→ Dutch: Aleppo
→ English: Aleppo
→ Finnish: Aleppo
→ German: Aleppo
→ Norwegian: Aleppo
→ Polish: Aleppo
→ Russian: Алеппо (Aleppo)
→ Swedish: Aleppo
→ Ukrainian: Алеппо (Aleppo)

→ Pashto: حلب (haláb)

→ Persian: حلب (halab)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਹਲਬ (halab)

Shahmukhi script: حَلَب (ḥalab)

→ Sindhi: حلب

→ Turkmen: Halap

Perhaps from the root ح ل ب (ḥ-l-b), coming from the ancient tradition that Abraham gave milk to travelers as they moved throughout the region.

Aleppo (the capital city of Aleppo governorate, Syria)


أريكا

ar-proper noun

أَرِيكَا • (ʔarīkā) f

أَرِيكَا (canonical)
ʔarīkā (romanization)

Arica (a city, the provincial capital of Arica province, Chile)


دبي

دُبَيّ (canonical)
dubayy (romanization)
دُبَيّ (definite diptote informal singular)
دُبَيُّ (definite diptote nominative singular)
دُبَيَّ (accusative definite diptote singular)
دُبَيَّ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Persian: دبی (dobey)

→ Tatar: Дөбәй (Döbäy)

→ Turkish: Dübey

→ Urdu: دُبَئی (duba'ī)

→ Uyghur: دۇبەي (dubey)

→ Uzbek: Dubay

Dubai (a city in the United Arab Emirates; capital of Dubai emirate)


قندهار

قَنْدَهَار • (qandahār) f

قَنْدَهَار (canonical)
qandahār (romanization)
قَنْدَهَار (definite informal singular triptote)
قَنْدَهَارٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
قَنْدَهَارًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
قَنْدَهَارٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Kandahar (the capital city of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan)


وان

وَان • (wān) ?

Van (the capital city of Van province, Turkey)


لواندا

لُوَانْدَا • (luwāndā) f

لُوَانْدَا (canonical)
luwāndā (romanization)


تيرانا

تِيرَانَا • (tīrānā) f

تِيرَانَا (canonical)
tīrānā (romanization)

Tirana (the capital and largest city of Albania)


بريدجتاون

بْرِيدْجْتَاوْن

بْرِيدْجْتَاوْن • (brīdjtāwn) f

بْرِيدْجْتَاوْن (canonical)
brīdjtāwn (romanization)

Bridgetown (the capital city of Barbados)


مينسك

مِينْسْك • (mīnsk) f

مِينْسْك (canonical)
mīnsk (romanization)


بلموبان

بِلْمُوبَان • (belmōpān) f

بِلْمُوبَان (canonical)
belmōpān (romanization)


لاباز

لَابَاز • (lāpāz) f

لَابَاز (canonical)
lāpāz (romanization)


بوينس آيرس

بُوَيْنُس آيْرِس

بُوَيْنُس آيْرِس • (buwēnus ʾāyris) f

بُوَيْنُس آيْرِس (canonical)
buwēnus ʾāyris (romanization)

Buenos Aires (the capital city of Argentina)


سراييفو

سَرَايِيفُو • (sarāyēvō) f

سَرَايِيفُو (canonical)
sarāyēvō (romanization)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Sarajevo (the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina)


فيينا

فِيِينَا • (fiyīnā) f

فِيِينَا (canonical)
fiyīnā (romanization)


تيمفو

تِيمْفُو • (tīmfū) f

تِيمْفُو (canonical)
tīmfū (romanization)


باكو

بَاكُو • (bākū) f


ناسو

نَاسَو • (nāsaw) f

Nassau (the capital city of the Bahamas)


واغادوغو

وَاغَادُوغُو

وَاغَادُوغُو • (wāḡādūḡū) f

وَاغَادُوغُو (canonical)
wāḡādūḡū (romanization)

Ouagadougou (the capital city of Burkina Faso)


بورتو نوفو

بُورْتُو نُوفُو

بُورْتُو نُوفُو • (pōrtō nōvō) f

بُورْتُو نُوفُو (canonical)
pōrtō nōvō (romanization)

Porto-Novo (the official capital city of Benin)


برازيليا

بْرَازِيلِيَا

بْرَازِيلِيَا • (brāzīliyā) f

بْرَازِيلِيَا (canonical)
brāzīliyā (romanization)

Distrito Federal
Distrito Federal#English

Brasília (a municipality, the capital city of Brazil; state capital of Distrito Federal, Brazil)


بوجمبورا

بُوجُمْبُورَا

بُوجُمْبُورَا • (būjumbūrā) f

بُوجُمْبُورَا (canonical)
būjumbūrā (romanization)


بندر سري بكاوان

بَنْدَر سِرِي بِكَاوَان

بَنْدَر سِرِي بِكَاوَان • (bandar sirī bikāwān) f

بَنْدَر سِرِي بِكَاوَان (canonical)
bandar sirī bikāwān (romanization)

Bandar Seri Begawan
Bandar Seri Begawan#English

Bandar Seri Begawan (the capital city of Brunei)


ياوندي

يَاوْنْدَي • (yāwndē) f

يَاوْنْدَي (canonical)
yāwndē (romanization)


بانغي

بَانْغِي • (bānḡī) f

بَانْغِي (canonical)
bānḡī (romanization)

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English

Bangui (the capital city of the Central African Republic)


بنوم بنه

بْنُوم بِنْه

بْنُوم بِنْه • (bnūm binh) f

بْنُوم بِنْه (canonical)
bnūm binh (romanization)

Phnom Penh (the capital city of Cambodia)


غابورون

غَابُورُون • (ḡābōrōn) f

غَابُورُون (canonical)
ḡābōrōn (romanization)


برايا

بْرَايَا • (brāyā) f

بْرَايَا (canonical)
brāyā (romanization)


أندورا لا فيلا

أَنْدُورَا لَا فِيلَا

أَنْدُورَا لَا فِيلَا • (ʾandōrā lā vēlā) f

أَنْدُورَا لَا فِيلَا (canonical)
ʾandōrā lā vēlā (romanization)

Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella#English

Andorra la Vella (the capital city of Andorra)


أوتاوا

أُوتَاوَا • (ʾōtāwā) f

أُوتَاوَا (canonical)
ʾōtāwā (romanization)
أُوتَاوَا (definite informal invariable singular)
أُوتَاوَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
أُوتَاوَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
أُوتَاوَا (definite genitive invariable singular)


دكا

دَكَا • (dakā) f

دَكَا (canonical)
dakā (romanization)
دَكَا (definite informal invariable singular)
دَكَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
دَكَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
دَكَا (definite genitive invariable singular)


بروكسل

بْرُوكْسِل (canonical)
brūksil (romanization)
broksel (romanization)
بْرُوكْسِل (definite diptote informal singular)
بْرُوكْسِل (definite diptote informal singular)
بْرُوكْسِلُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بْرُوكْسِلُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بْرُوكْسِلَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بْرُوكْسِلَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بْرُوكْسِلَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
بْرُوكْسِلَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

بْرُوكْسِل:di


موروني

ar-proper noun

مُورُونِي • (mōrōnī) f

مُورُونِي (canonical)
mōrōnī (romanization)

Moroni (the capital city of the Comoros)


برازافيل

بِرَازَاڤِيل

بِرَازَاڤِيل (canonical)

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English

Brazzaville (the capital city of the Republic of the Congo)


سانتياغو

سَانْتِيَاغُو

سَانْتِيَاغُو • (sāntiyāḡū) f

سَانْتِيَاغُو (canonical)
sāntiyāḡū (romanization)


بوغوتا

بُوغُوتَا • (būḡōtā) f

بُوغُوتَا (canonical)
būḡōtā (romanization)


سان خوسيه

سَان خُوسِيه

سَان خُوسِيه • (sān ḵūsīh) m

سَان خُوسِيه (canonical)
sān ḵūsīh (romanization)

San José (the capital city of Costa Rica)


ياموسوكرو

يَامُوسُوكْرَو

يَامُوسُوكْرَو • (yāmūsūkrō) f

يَامُوسُوكْرَو (canonical)
yāmūsūkrō (romanization)

Yamoussoukro (the official and administrative capital of Ivory Coast)


أبيدجان

أَبِيدْجَان • (ʔabīdjān) f

أَبِيدْجَان (canonical)
ʔabīdjān (romanization)

Abidjan (the de facto capital and largest city of Ivory Coast)


زغرب

زَغْرِب • (zaḡrib) m

زَغْرِب (canonical)
zaḡrib (romanization)


هافانا

هَافَانَا • (hāfānā) f

هَافَانَا (canonical)
hāfānā (romanization)


نيقوسيا

نِيقُوسِيَّا

نِيقُوسِيَّا • (nīqūsiyyā) f

نِيقُوسِيَّا (canonical)
nīqūsiyyā (romanization)

Nicosia (the capital city of Cyprus; capital city of Northern Cyprus)


كينشاسا

كِينْشَاسَا • (kīnšāsā) f

كِينْشَاسَا (canonical)
kīnšāsā (romanization)

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Kinshasa (the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


براغ

بْرَاغ • (prāg) f

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


روسو

رُوسُو • (rōsō) f


كابول

كَابُول • (kābūl) f

كَابُول (canonical)
kābūl (romanization)
كَابُول (definite diptote informal singular)
كَابُولُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
كَابُولَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
كَابُولَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

كَابُل كابل#Arabic

Alternative spelling of كَابُل (kābul, “Kabul (the capital city of Afghanistan)”)


سانتو دومينجو

سَانْتُو دُومِينْجُو

سَانْتُو دُومِينْجُو • (sāntō dōmīngō) f

سَانْتُو دُومِينْجُو (canonical)
sāntō dōmīngō (romanization)

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

Santo Domingo (the capital city of the Dominican Republic)


كوبنهاغن

كُوبَنْهَاغَن

كُوبِنْهَاغَن

كُوبَنْهَاغَن or كُوبِنْهَاغَن • (kūbanhāḡan or kūbinhāḡan) f

كُوبَنْهَاغَن (canonical)
كُوبِنْهَاغَن (canonical)
kūbanhāḡan (romanization)
kūbinhāḡan (romanization)
كُوبَنْهَاغَن (definite diptote informal singular)
كُوبِنْهَاغَن (definite diptote informal singular)
كُوبَنْهَاغَنُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
كُوبِنْهَاغَنُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
كُوبَنْهَاغَنَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
كُوبِنْهَاغَنَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
كُوبَنْهَاغَنَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
كُوبِنْهَاغَنَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

كُوبَنْهَاغَن:di

كُوبِنْهَاغَن:di

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


واشنطن العاصمة

ar-proper noun

وَاشِنْطُن العَاصِمَة

وَاشِنْطُن العَاصِمَة • (wāšinṭun al-ʕāṣima) f

وَاشِنْطُن العَاصِمَة (canonical)
wāšinṭun al-ʕāṣima (romanization)
وَاشِنْطُن الْعَاصِمَة (definite diptote informal singular)
وَاشِنْطُنُ الْعَاصِمَةُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
وَاشِنْطُنَ الْعَاصِمَةَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
وَاشِنْطُنَ الْعَاصِمَةِ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

وَاشِنْطُن:di

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)


بون

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Bonn (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia; former capital city of Germany)


مراكش

ar-proper noun

مُرَّاكُش or مَرَّاكُش • (murrākuš or marrākuš) f

مُرَّاكُش (canonical)
مَرَّاكُش (canonical)
murrākuš (romanization)
marrākuš (romanization)
مُرَّاكُش (definite diptote informal singular)
مَرَّاكُش (definite diptote informal singular)
مُرَّاكُشُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
مَرَّاكُشُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
مُرَّاكُشَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
مَرَّاكُشَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
مُرَّاكُشَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
مَرَّاكُشَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

مُرَّاكُش:di

مَرَّاكُش:di

desctree

→⇒ Classical Persian: مَرَاکِش (marākiš)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: मराकिश (marākiś)
Urdu: مَراکِش (marākiś)
→ Punjabi: ਮਰਾਕਿਸ਼／مَراکَش (marākiś)

→ Kabyle: Meṛṛakec

→ Old Catalan: Marrocs, Marochs, Marroches, Marrochos
Catalan: Marroc

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Marrocos
Galician: Marrocos
Portuguese: Marrocos

→ Old Spanish: Marruecos
Spanish: Marruecos
→ Central Huasteca Nahuatl: Marruecos
→ Central Nahuatl: Marruecos
→ Guaraní: Marruéko
→ Tagalog: Marwekos
→ Western Huasteca Nahuatl: Marruecos

→ Tashelhit: ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ (mṛṛakc)

Apparently from Berber ⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⵛ (amur n akuc, literally “Land of God”). The city was founded ca. AD 1070 by the Almoravids.

Marrakech (the capital city of the Marrakesh-Safi region, Morocco)


سول

ar-proper noun

سُول • (sōl) f

سُول (canonical)
sōl (romanization)
سُول (definite diptote informal singular)
سُولُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
سُولَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
سُولَ (definite diptote genitive singular)


أبو ظبي

ar-noun

أَبُو ظَبْي • (ʔabū ẓaby) f

أَبُو ظَبْي (canonical)
ʔabū ẓaby (romanization)
أَبُو ظَبْي (definite informal invariable long-construct singular)
أَبُو ظَبْيٍ (definite invariable long-construct nominative singular)
أَبُو ظَبْيٍ (accusative definite invariable long-construct singular)
أَبَا ظَبْيٍ (accusative definite invariable long-construct singular)
أَبُو ظَبْيٍ (definite genitive invariable long-construct singular)
أَبِي ظَبْيٍ (definite genitive invariable long-construct singular)

→ Persian:

Iranian Persian: ابوظبی (abuzabi)

Dari: ابوظبی (abuzabi)

Tajik: Абузабӣ (Abuzabi)

أَبُو (ʔabū, “father of”) + ظَبْي (ẓaby, “gazelle”), literally “father of a gazelle”.

af

Abu Dhabi (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates; capital of Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates)


جزين

ar-proper noun

جَزِّين or جِزِّين • (jazzīn or jizzīn) f

جَزِّين (canonical)
جِزِّين (canonical)
jazzīn (romanization)
jizzīn (romanization)
جَزِّين (definite diptote informal singular)
جِزِّين (definite diptote informal singular)
جَزِّينُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
جِزِّينُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
جَزِّينَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
جِزِّينَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
جَزِّينَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
جِزِّينَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Aramaic גזין / ܓܙܝܢ (gazzīn, literally “treasures”), doublet of كَنْز (kanz) and خَزْنَة (ḵazna).

وَادِي جَزِّين

wādī jazzīn, a village in the Jezzine district

Jezzine District
Jezzine District#English

South Governorate
South Governorate#English

Jezzine (a town, the capital of the Jezzine District, South Governorate, Lebanon)


سرقسطة

ar-proper noun

سَرَقُسْطَة • (saraqusṭa) f

سَرَقُسْطَة (canonical)
saraqusṭa (romanization)
سَرَقُسْطَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
سَرَقُسْطَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
سَرَقُسْطَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
سَرَقُسْطَةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

سَرَقُسْطَة:di

From Latin Caesaraugusta, named after Roman emperor Augustus.

Zaragoza (the capital city of Aragon, Spain)


أثينا

ar-proper noun

أَثِينَا • (ʔaṯīnā) f

أَثِينَا (canonical)
ʔaṯīnā (romanization)


الدار البيضاء

الدَّار الْبَيْضَاء

الدَّار الْبَيْضَاء • (ad-dār al-bayḍāʔ) f

الدَّار الْبَيْضَاء (canonical)
ad-dār al-bayḍāʔ (romanization)
الدَّار الْبَيْضَاء (definite informal singular triptote)
الدَّارُ الْبَيْضَاءُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الدَّارَ الْبَيْضَاءَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الدَّارِ الْبَيْضَاءِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

From دَار (dār, “house”) + بَيْضَاء (bayḍāʔ, “white”): a calque of the original Portuguese name Casa Branca (“White House”, casa + branca), changed to Casablanca when the Spanish assumed control of the city.

af

Casablanca (the capital city of the region of Casablanca-Settat, Morocco)


قزوين

ar-proper noun

قَزْوِين • (qazwīn) f

قَزْوِين (canonical)
qazwīn (romanization)
قَزْوِين (definite diptote informal singular)
قَزْوِينُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
قَزْوِينَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
قَزْوِينَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Qazvin (the capital city of Qazvin Province, Iran)


البندقية

الْبُنْدُقِيَّة

الْبُنْدُقِيَّة • (al-bunduqiyya) f

الْبُنْدُقِيَّة (canonical)
al-bunduqiyya (romanization)
الْبُنْدُقِيَّة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
الْبُنْدُقِيَّةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
الْبُنْدُقِيَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
الْبُنْدُقِيَّةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

بُنْدُقِيَّة

Ultimately from Venetan venèdego (“Venetian”), formally reshaped by folk etymology بُنْدُق (bunduq, “hazelnut”) + ـِيَّة (-iyya). Possibly mediated by Ottoman Turkish وندیك (venedik) from German Venedig.

af

Venice (the regional capital of Veneto, Italy)


سنغافورة

ar-proper noun

سِنْغَافُورَة

سِنْغَافُورَة • (sinḡāfūra) f

سِنْغَافُورَة (canonical)
sinḡāfūra (romanization)
سِنْغَافُورَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
سِنْغَافُورَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
سِنْغَافُورَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
سِنْغَافُورَةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

سِنْغَافُورَةُ

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia)


أصفهان

ar-proper noun

أَصْفَهَان • (ʔaṣfahān) f

أَصْفَهَان (canonical)
ʔaṣfahān (romanization)
أَصْفَهَان (definite diptote informal singular)
أَصْفَهَانُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
أَصْفَهَانَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
أَصْفَهَانَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Isfahan (the capital city of Isfahan Province, Iran)


ميلانو

مِيلَانُو • (mīlānō) f

مِيلَانُو (canonical)
mīlānō (romanization)
مِيلَانُو (definite informal invariable singular)
مِيلَانُو (definite invariable nominative singular)
مِيلَانُو (accusative definite invariable singular)
مِيلَانُو (definite genitive invariable singular)

Milan (the capital city of Lombardy, Italy)


روما

رُومَا • (rūmā or rōma) f

رُومَا (canonical)
rūmā (romanization)
rōma (romanization)
رُومَا (definite informal invariable singular)
رُومَا (definite informal invariable singular)
رُومَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
رُومَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
رُومَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
رُومَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
رُومَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
رُومَا (definite genitive invariable singular)


فينا

فِيِنَّا or فِيَنَّا or فِيِنَّا or فِيَنَّا • (fiyennā or viyannā or viyennā or fiyannā) f

فِيِنَّا (canonical)
فِيَنَّا (canonical)
fiyennā (romanization)
viyannā (romanization)
viyennā (romanization)
fiyannā (romanization)
فِيِنَّا (definite informal invariable singular)
فِيَنَّا (definite informal invariable singular)
فِيِنَّا (definite informal invariable singular)
فِيَنَّا (definite informal invariable singular)
فِيِنَّا (definite invariable nominative singular)
فِيَنَّا (definite invariable nominative singular)
فِيِنَّا (definite invariable nominative singular)
فِيَنَّا (definite invariable nominative singular)
فِيِنَّا (accusative definite invariable singular)
فِيَنَّا (accusative definite invariable singular)
فِيِنَّا (accusative definite invariable singular)
فِيَنَّا (accusative definite invariable singular)
فِيِنَّا (definite genitive invariable singular)
فِيَنَّا (definite genitive invariable singular)
فِيِنَّا (definite genitive invariable singular)
فِيَنَّا (definite genitive invariable singular)


برشلونة

بَرْشَلُونة • (baršalūna) f

بَرْشَلُونة (canonical)
baršalūna (romanization)
بَرْشَلُونَة (ar-infl-a diptote indefinite informal singular)
الْبَرْشَلُونَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
بَرْشَلُونَة (ar-infl-a construct diptote informal singular)
بَرْشَلُونَةُ (ar-infl-a diptote indefinite nominative singular)
الْبَرْشَلُونَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
بَرْشَلُونَةُ (ar-infl-a construct diptote nominative singular)
بَرْشَلُونَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a diptote indefinite singular)
الْبَرْشَلُونَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
بَرْشَلُونَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a construct diptote singular)
بَرْشَلُونَةَ (ar-infl-a diptote genitive indefinite singular)
الْبَرْشَلُونَةِ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)
بَرْشَلُونَةِ (ar-infl-a construct diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

بَرْشَلُونَة:di

From Old Spanish Barcilona, from Latin Barcinō.

Barcelona (the capital city of Catalonia, Spain)


كييف

كِيِيف (canonical)
kiyīf (romanization)
kiyīv (romanization)

From Ukrainian Ки́їв (Kýjiv) or Russian Ки́ев (Kíjev).


الدمام

ar-proper noun

الدَّمَّام • (ad-dammām) f

الدَّمَّام (canonical)
ad-dammām (romanization)
الدَّمَّام (definite informal singular triptote)
الدَّمَّامُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الدَّمَّامَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الدَّمَّامِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Eastern Province
Eastern Province#English

Dammam (the capital city of the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia)


صوفيا

صُوفِيَا • (ṣūfiyā) f

صُوفِيَا (canonical)
ṣūfiyā (romanization)


بانكوك

بَانْكُوك • (bānkūk) f

بَانْكُوك (canonical)
bānkūk (romanization)

Borrowed from Thai บางกอก (baang-gɔ̀ɔk).


ميلة

مِيلَة • (mīla) f

مِيلَة (canonical)
mīla (romanization)
مِيلَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
مِيلَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
مِيلَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
مِيلَةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

Mila (the capital city of Mila Province, Algeria)


لاهور

لَاهُور • (lāhūr) ?

لَاهُور (canonical)
lāhūr (romanization)

Lahore (The second largest city of Pakistan and the provincial capital of Punjab; located on the Ravi river)


مزورة

مُزَوَّرَة (canonical)
muzawwara (romanization)
مُزَوَّرَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
مُزَوَّرَةٌ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
مُزَوَّرَةً (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
مُزَوَّرَةٍ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

English: Muzawwara

Persian: مزوره (mozavvare)

(Islam, archaic) Muzawwara (the city of Baghdad, the capital city of Iraq)


زوراء

الزَّوْرَاء • (az-zawrāʔ) f

الزَّوْرَاء (canonical)
az-zawrāʔ (romanization)
زَوْرَاء (definite diptote informal singular)
زَوْرَاءُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
زَوْرَاءَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
زَوْرَاءَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Persian: زورا (zowrâ)

(rare) Baghdad (the capital city of Iraq)


الفاتيكان

الْفَاتِيكَان

الْفَاتِيكَان • (al-fatikān, al-vatikān) f

الْفَاتِيكَان (canonical)
al-fatikān (romanization)
al-vatikān (romanization)
الْفَاتِيكَان (definite informal singular triptote)
الْفَاتِيكَان (definite informal singular triptote)
الْفَاتِيكَانُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْفَاتِيكَانُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْفَاتِيكَانَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْفَاتِيكَانَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْفَاتِيكَانِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
الْفَاتِيكَانِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

the Vatican (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)

ar:الفاتيكان


وجدة

وَجْدَة • (wajda) f

وَجْدَة (canonical)
wajda (romanization)
وَجْدَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
وَجْدَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
وَجْدَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
وَجْدَةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

Oujda (the capital city of the region of Oriental, Morocco)


طنجة

طَنْجَة • (ṭanja) f

طَنْجَة (canonical)
ṭanja (romanization)
طَنْجَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
طَنْجَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
طَنْجَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
طَنْجَةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

From Latin Tingis, from Punic 𐤕𐤍𐤂 (tng).

Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima
Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima#English

Tangier (a port city, the capital of the region of Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco, on the Strait of Gibraltar)


بودابست

بُودَابِسْت • (budabist) f

بُودَابِسْت (canonical)
budabist (romanization)
بُودَابِسْت (definite diptote informal singular)
بُودَابِسْتُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بُودَابِسْتَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بُودَابِسْتَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

بُودَابِسْتُ


بلنسية

ar-proper noun

بَلَنْسِيَة • (balansiya) f

بَلَنْسِيَة (canonical)
balansiya (romanization)
بَلَنْسِيَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
بَلَنْسِيَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
بَلَنْسِيَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
بَلَنْسِيَةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

بَلَنْسِيَة:di

Valencia (the capital city of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain)


بني ملال

ar-proper noun

بَنِي مَلَّال

بَنِي مَلَّال • (banī mallāl) f

بَنِي مَلَّال (canonical)
banī mallāl (romanization)
بَنِي مَلَّال (definite informal invariable singular)
بَنِي مَلَّال (definite invariable nominative singular)
بَنِي مَلَّال (accusative definite invariable singular)
بَنِي مَلَّال (definite genitive invariable singular)

ar-decl-noun

بَنِي مَلَّال:inv

Composed of بَنِي (banī), the accusative construct form of بَنُون (banūn, “sons”) and Central Atlas Tamazight ⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ (amllal, “white”).

der

Beni Mellal-Khenifra
Beni Mellal-Khenifra#English

Beni Mellal (the capital city of the region of Beni Mellal-Khenifra, Morocco)


كلميم

ar-proper noun

كُلْمِيم • (gulmīm) f

كُلْمِيم (canonical)
gulmīm (romanization)
كُلْمِيم (definite diptote informal singular)
كُلْمِيمُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
كُلْمِيمَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
كُلْمِيمَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Guelmim-Oued Noun
Guelmim-Oued Noun#English

Guelmim (the capital city of the region of Guelmim-Oued Noun, Morocco)


وارسو

وَارْسُو (canonical)
warsō (romanization)
warsū (romanization)


لحج

لَحْج • (laḥj) m

Lahij (the capital city of Lahij governorate, Yemen)


أسمرا

أَسْمَرَا • (ʔasmarā) f

أَسْمَرَا (canonical)
ʔasmarā (romanization)
أَسْمَرَا (definite informal invariable singular)
أَسْمَرَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
أَسْمَرَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
أَسْمَرَا (definite genitive invariable singular)


إستوكهولم

إِسْتُوكْهُولْم

إِسْتُوكْهُولْم

إِسْتُوكْهُولْم • (ʾistūkhulm or ʾistokholm) f

إِسْتُوكْهُولْم (canonical)
ʾistūkhulm (romanization)
ʾistokholm (romanization)
إِسْتُوكْهُولْم (definite informal singular triptote)
إِسْتُوكْهُولْم (definite informal singular triptote)
إِسْتُوكْهُولْمٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
إِسْتُوكْهُولْمٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
إِسْتُوكْهُولْمًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
إِسْتُوكْهُولْمًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
إِسْتُوكْهُولْمٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)
إِسْتُوكْهُولْمٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

إِسْتُوكْهُولْم/ʾistūkhulm

إِسْتُوكْهُولْم


بوخارست

ar-proper noun

بُوخَارِسْت • (būḵārest) f

بُوخَارِسْت (canonical)
būḵārest (romanization)
بُوخَارِسْت (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْبُوخَارِسْت (definite informal singular triptote)
بُوخَارِسْت (construct informal singular triptote)
بُوخَارِسْتٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْبُوخَارِسْتُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
بُوخَارِسْتُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
بُوخَارِسْتًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْبُوخَارِسْتَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
بُوخَارِسْتَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
بُوخَارِسْتٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْبُوخَارِسْتِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
بُوخَارِسْتِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

بُوخَارِسْت/būḵārest

Bucharest (the capital and largest city of Romania)


مانيلا

ar-proper noun

مَانِيلَا • (mānīlā) f

مَانِيلَا (canonical)
mānīlā (romanization)
مَانِيلَا (definite informal invariable singular)
مَانِيلَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
مَانِيلَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
مَانِيلَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

Manila (the capital city of the Philippines)


كانبرا

كَانْبِرَا • (kānbirā) f

كَانْبِرَا (canonical)
kānbirā (romanization)
كَانْبِرَا (definite informal invariable singular)
كَانْبِرَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
كَانْبِرَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
كَانْبِرَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory#English

Canberra (the capital city of Australia; located in the Australian Capital Territory)


طشقند

طَشْقَنْد • (ṭašqand) f

طَشْقَنْد (canonical)
ṭašqand (romanization)
طَشْقَنْد (definite diptote informal singular)
طَشْقَنْدُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
طَشْقَنْدَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
طَشْقَنْدَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

طَشْقَنْد:di

Tashkent (the capital city of Uzbekistan)


كولومبو

ar-proper noun

كُولُومْبُو • (kūlūmbū) f

كُولُومْبُو (canonical)
kūlūmbū (romanization)
كُولُومْبُو (definite informal invariable singular)
كُولُومْبُو (definite invariable nominative singular)
كُولُومْبُو (accusative definite invariable singular)
كُولُومْبُو (definite genitive invariable singular)


إسلام آباد

إِسْلَام آباد

إِسْلَام آباد • (ʔislām ʔābād) f

إِسْلَام آباد (canonical)
ʔislām ʔābād (romanization)
إِسْلَام آباد (definite diptote informal singular)
إِسْلَام آبادُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
إِسْلَام آبادَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
إِسْلَام آبادَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

إِسْلَام آباد:di

Borrowed from Urdu اِسْلام آباد (islām ābād).

bor+

اِسْلام آباد

Islamabad (the capital city of Pakistan)

ar:إسلام آباد


مجريط

ar-proper noun

مَجْرِيط • (majrīṭ) f

مَجْرِيط (canonical)
majrīṭ (romanization)
مَجْرِيط (definite diptote informal singular)
مَجْرِيطُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
مَجْرِيطَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
مَجْرِيطَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

(archaic) Madrid (the capital city of Spain)


لشبونة

لِشْبُونَة • (Lišbūna) f

لِشْبُونَة (canonical)
Lišbūna (romanization)
لِشْبُونَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
لِشْبُونَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
لِشْبُونَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
لِشْبُونَةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

لِشْبُونَة:di

desctree

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Lixbõa, Lisbõa
Galician: Lisboa
Portuguese: Lisboa (see there for further descendants)
→ Mirandese: Lisboua

French: Lisbonne
English: Lisbon
→ Ottoman Turkish: لیزبون (Lizbon)
Turkish: Lizbon
→ Armenian: Լիզպոն (Lizpon)

German: Lissabon

Italian: Lisbona

From Latin Olisīpō, of uncertain origin.

Iberian Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula#English

Lisbon (a port city on the Iberian Peninsula, at the mouth of the Tagus River on the Atlantic Ocean; capital city of Portugal)


بيشاور

ar-proper noun

بِيشَاوَر • (bīšāwar) m

بِيشَاوَر (canonical)
bīšāwar (romanization)

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#English

Peshawar (a city, the provincial capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan).


لاهاي

لَاهَاي • (lāhāy) f

لَاهَاي (canonical)
lāhāy (romanization)

The Hague (a city, the administrative capital of the Netherlands)


طرابلس الغرب

طَرَابُلُس الغَرْب

طَرَابُلُس الغَرْب • (ṭarābulus al-ḡarb) f

طَرَابُلُس الغَرْب (canonical)
ṭarābulus al-ḡarb (romanization)
طَرَابُلُس الغَرْب (construct diptote informal singular)
طَرَابُلُسُ الغَرْبِ (construct diptote nominative singular)
طَرَابُلُسَ الغَرْبِ (accusative construct diptote singular)
طَرَابُلُسِ الغَرْبِ (construct diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

طَرَابُلُس:di

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: طرابلس غرب (tarâbülüs-i garb)

Turkish: Trablusgarp

Literally, “Tripoli of the West”, to distinguish it from طَرَابُلُس الشَّام (ṭarābulus aš-šām, literally “Tripoli of Syria”).


داكا

ar-proper noun

دَاكَا • (dākā) f

دَاكَا (canonical)
dākā (romanization)
دَاكَا (definite informal invariable singular)
دَاكَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
دَاكَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
دَاكَا (definite genitive invariable singular)


دبلن

دُبْلِن (canonical)
dublin (romanization)


عشق آباد

عَشْق آبَاد • (ʕašq ʔābād) f

عَشْق آبَاد (canonical)
ʕašq ʔābād (romanization)
عَشْق آبَاد (diptote indefinite informal singular)
الْعَشْق آبَاد (definite diptote informal singular)
عَشْق آبَاد (construct diptote informal singular)
عَشْق آبَادُ (diptote indefinite nominative singular)
الْعَشْق آبَادُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
عَشْق آبَادُ (construct diptote nominative singular)
عَشْق آبَادَ (accusative diptote indefinite singular)
الْعَشْق آبَادَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
عَشْق آبَادَ (accusative construct diptote singular)
عَشْق آبَادَ (diptote genitive indefinite singular)
الْعَشْق آبَادِ (definite diptote genitive singular)
عَشْق آبَادِ (construct diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

عَشْق آبَاد:di

Ashgabat (the capital city of Turkmenistan)


أوفا

ar-proper noun

أوفا • (ʔufā) f

Ufa (the capital and largest city of Bashkortostan, Russia)


أديس أبابا

أَدِيس أَبَابَا

أَدِيس أَبَابَا • (ʔadīs ʔabābā) f

أَدِيس أَبَابَا (canonical)
ʔadīs ʔabābā (romanization)

Addis Ababa (the capital city of Ethiopia)

ar:أديس أبابا


تبليسي

تِبِلِيسِي • (tibilīsī) f

تِبِلِيسِي (canonical)
tibilīsī (romanization)


سان سلفادور

سَان سَلْفَادُور

سَان سَلْفَادُور

سَان سَلْفَادُور • (sān salfādūr or sān salvādūr) f

سَان سَلْفَادُور (canonical)
sān salfādūr (romanization)
sān salvādūr (romanization)

San Salvador (the capital city of El Salvador)


تفليس

تِفْلِيس • (tiflīs) f

تِفْلِيس (canonical)
tiflīs (romanization)


كيشينيف

كِيشِينِيف • (kīšīnīf) f

كِيشِينِيف (canonical)
kīšīnīf (romanization)

Chișinău (the capital and largest city of Moldova)


كيشيناو

كِيشِينَاو • (kīšīnāw) f

كِيشِينَاو (canonical)
kīšīnāw (romanization)


أنقرة

أَنْقَرَة • (ʔanqara) f

أَنْقَرَة (canonical)
ʔanqara (romanization)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آنقره (Ankara), from Ancient Greek Ἄγκυρα (Ánkura).

bor+

Ankara (the capital city and province of Turkey)


أستانا

ar-proper noun

أَسْتَانَا • (ʔastānā) f

أَسْتَانَا (canonical)
ʔastānā (romanization)

Borrowed from Kazakh Астана (Astana, “capital”), from Persian آستانه (âstâne).


نور سلطان

ar-proper noun

نُور سُلْطَان

نُور سُلْطَان • (nūr sulṭān) m

نُور سُلْطَان (canonical)
nūr sulṭān (romanization)

Borrowed from Kazakh Нұр-Сұлтан (Nūr-Sūltan).By surface analysis, نُور (nūr) + سُلْطَان (sulṭān).

surf

Nur-Sultan (former name of Astana, the capital city of Kazakhstan)


فيانتيان

ar-proper noun

فِيَانْتِيَان

فِيَانْتِيَان

فِيَانْتِيَان • (fiyāntiyān or viyāntiyān) f

فِيَانْتِيَان (canonical)
fiyāntiyān (romanization)
viyāntiyān (romanization)


فيينتيان

فِيِينْتِيَان

فِيِينْتِيَان

فِيِينْتِيَان • (fiyīntiyān or viyīntiyān) f

فِيِينْتِيَان (canonical)
fiyīntiyān (romanization)
viyīntiyān (romanization)


مدينة الفرج

مَدِينَة الْفَرَج

مَدِينَة الْفَرَج • (madīnat al-faraj) f

مَدِينَة الْفَرَج (canonical)
madīnat al-faraj (romanization)
مَدِينَة الْفَرَج (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
مَدِينَةُ الْفَرَجِ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
مَدِينَةَ الْفَرَجِ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
مَدِينَةِ الْفَرَجِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

وَادِي الْحِجَارَة
وادي الحجارة#Arabic

Synonym of وَادِي الْحِجَارَة (wādī l-ḥijāra): Guadalajara (a city, the capital of Guadalajara, Spain)


وادي الحجارة

وَادِي الْحِجَارَة

وَادِي الْحِجَارَة • (wādī l-ḥijāra) f

وَادِي الْحِجَارَة (canonical)
wādī l-ḥijāra (romanization)
وَادِي الْحِجَارَة (ar-infl-in definite informal singular triptote)
وَادِي الْحِجَارَةِ (ar-infl-in definite nominative singular triptote)
وَادِيَ الْحِجَارَةِ (accusative ar-infl-in definite singular triptote)
وَادِي الْحِجَارَةِ (ar-infl-in definite genitive singular triptote)

→ Spanish: Guadalajara (see there for further descendants)

Guadalajara (a city, the capital of Guadalajara, Spain)


لوكسمبورغ

لُوكْسُمْبُورْغ

لُوكْسَمْبُورْغ

لُوكْسِمْبُورْغ

لُوكْسُمْبُورْغ or لُوكْسَمْبُورْغ or لُوكْسِمْبُورْغ • (luksumburg or luksamburg or luksimburg) f

لُوكْسُمْبُورْغ (canonical)
لُوكْسَمْبُورْغ (canonical)
لُوكْسِمْبُورْغ (canonical)
luksumburg (romanization)
luksamburg (romanization)
luksimburg (romanization)
لُوكْسُمْبُورْغ (definite diptote informal singular)
لُوكْسَمْبُورْغ (definite diptote informal singular)
لُوكْسِمْبُورْغ (definite diptote informal singular)
لُوكْسُمْبُورْغُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
لُوكْسَمْبُورْغُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
لُوكْسِمْبُورْغُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
لُوكْسُمْبُورْغَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
لُوكْسَمْبُورْغَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
لُوكْسِمْبُورْغَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
لُوكْسُمْبُورْغَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
لُوكْسَمْبُورْغَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
لُوكْسِمْبُورْغَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

لُوكْسُمْبُورْغ/luksumburg:di

لُوكْسَمْبُورْغ/luksamburg:di

لُوكْسِمْبُورْغ/luksimburg:di

Luxembourg (the capital city of the country of Luxembourg)


سان مارينو

ar-proper noun

سَان مَارِينُو

سَان مَارِينُو • (sān mārīnū) f

سَان مَارِينُو (canonical)
sān mārīnū (romanization)

San Marino (a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)

ar:سان مارينو


الموصل

الْمَوْصِل • (al-mawṣil) f

الْمَوْصِل (canonical)
al-mawṣil (romanization)
الْمَوْصِل (definite informal singular triptote)
الْمَوْصِلُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْمَوْصِلَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْمَوْصِلِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

→ English: Mosul

→ Ottoman Turkish: موصل
Turkish: Musul

Mosul (the capital city of the Nineveh governorate, Iraq)


خان يونس

خَانْ يُونُسْ

خَانْ يُونُسْ • (ḵān yūnus) m

خَانْ يُونُسْ (canonical)
ḵān yūnus (romanization)

Literally, “caravanserai of Jonah”. Named after Mamluk Emir Yunis al-Noorzai Khan, who founded the settlement as Salqah.

named-after

Khan Younus, Khan Yunis (a city, the capital of Khan Younus governorate, Gaza Strip, Palestine)


قيصري

ar-proper noun

قَيْصَرِي • (qayṣarī) f

قَيْصَرِي (canonical)
qayṣarī (romanization)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قیصری (Kayseri)

bor+

Central Anatolian
Central Anatolian#English

Kayseri (the capital city of Kayseri Province, in the Central Anatolian Region, in southern Turkey)


الشارقة

ar-noun

الشَّارِقَة • (aš-šāriqa) f

الشَّارِقَة (canonical)
aš-šāriqa (romanization)
الشَّارِقَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
الشَّارِقَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
الشَّارِقَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
الشَّارِقَةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

الشَّارِقَة:di

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Sharjah (a city in the United Arab Emirates; capital of Sharjah emirate)


باراماريبو

ar-proper noun

بَارَامَارِيبُو

بَارَامَارِيبُو • (bārāmārībū) f

بَارَامَارِيبُو (canonical)
bārāmārībū (romanization)

Paramaribo (the capital city of Suriname)


لاسا

لَاسَا • (lāsā) f

From Tibetan ལྷ་ས (lha sa), from Old Tibetan ར་ས (ra sa).

Lhasa (the capital city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


جوبا

جُوبَا • (Jūbā) f