فاس

ar-proper noun

فَاس • (fās) f

فَاس (canonical)
fās (romanization)
فَاس (definite diptote informal singular)
فَاسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
فَاسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
فَاسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Portuguese: Fez

→ Spanish: Fez

Compare Central Atlas Tamazight ⴼⴰⵙ (fas)); linked to the region of the Central Atlas Mountains called ْفَازَاز (fāzāz), deriving either from a chronicled بَنُو فَازَازْ (banū fāzāz), ultimately associated with Central Atlas Tamazight ⴰⴼⵣⴰ (afza, “coarse, rough, hard, rocky”). The headwear is derived from Ottoman Turkish فس (fes) coined from the Moroccan city where it was popularized, itself from فَاس (fās).

der

Fez (the capital city of the region of Fez-Meknes, Morocco)


المغرب

ar-proper noun

الْمَغْرِب • (al-maḡrib) m

الْمَغْرِب (canonical)
al-maḡrib (romanization)
الْمَغْرِب (definite informal singular triptote)
الْمَغْرِبُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْمَغْرِبَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْمَغْرِبِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

desc

Moroccan Arabic: المَغْرِب (el-maḡrib), المُغْرِب (el-muḡrib)

→ Azerbaijani: Məğrib

→ Bengali: মাগরেব (magreb)

→ French: Maghreb

→ English: Maghreb

→ Turkish: Mağrip

→ Uzbek: Magʻrib

Literally, “the West”, see مَغْرِب (maḡrib) for more.


فلسطين

ar-proper noun

فِلَسْطِين or فِلِسْطِين or فَلَسْطِين • (filasṭīn or filisṭīn or falasṭīn) f

فِلَسْطِين (canonical)
فِلِسْطِين (canonical)
فَلَسْطِين (canonical)
filasṭīn (romanization)
filisṭīn (romanization)
falasṭīn (romanization)
فِلَسْطِين (definite diptote informal singular)
فِلَسْطِينُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
فِلَسْطِينَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
فِلَسْطِينَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

desc

Hijazi Arabic: فَلَسْطِين (falasṭīn), فِلِسْطِين (filisṭīn)

Moroccan Arabic: فلسطين (filisṭīn)

desctree

South Levantine Arabic: فلسطين (falasṭīn)
→ Hebrew: פלסטין (falastín)

→ Azerbaijani: Fələstin

→ Classical Persian: فَلَسْطِین (falastīn), فِلِسْطِین (filistīn)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: फ़िलिस्तीन (filistīn)
Urdu: فِلِسْطِین (filistīn)

→ Ottoman Turkish: فلسطین, فلستین (felestin)
Turkish: Filistin

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Παλαιστίνη (Palaistínē).

bor+

Palestine (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East; the State of Palestine; the homeland of the Palestinian people)

السُّلْطَة الْوَطَنِيَّة الْفِلَسْطِينِيَّة

مُنَظَّمَة التَّحْرِير الْفِلَسْطِينِيَّة


اليابان

ar-proper noun

الْيَابَان • (al-yābān) f

الْيَابَان (canonical)
al-yābān (romanization)
الْيَابَان (definite informal singular triptote)
الْيَابَانُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْيَابَانَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْيَابَانِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

From Dutch Japan, from Malay Jepang, from Hokkien 日本 (Ji̍t-pún). It's one of the Arabic country names which require the definite article اَل (al-).

سِيَاحَةُ ٱلْيَابَانِ تَتَضَمَّنُ مَزِيجًا مُثِيرًا مِنَ ٱلثَّقَافَةِ ٱلْقَدِيمَةِ وَٱلْحَدِيثَةِ.

siyāḥatu l-yābāni tataḍammanu mazījan muṯīran mina ṯ-ṯaqāfati l-qadīmati wal-ḥadīṯati.

Tourism in Japan includes an exciting blend of ancient and modern culture.

Japan (a country and archipelago of East Asia)


سيدني

سِيدْنِي • (sīdnī) m

سِيدْنِي (canonical)
sīdnī (romanization)
سدني (alternative)

Sydney (the capital city of New South Wales, Australia)


إيران

إِيرَان • (ʔīrān) f

إِيرَان (canonical)
ʔīrān (romanization)
إِيرَان (definite diptote informal singular)
إِيرَانُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
إِيرَانَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
إِيرَانَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


الأردن

الْأُرْدُن or الْأُرْدُنّ • (al-ʔurdun or al-ʔurdunn) m

الْأُرْدُن (canonical)
الْأُرْدُنّ (canonical)
al-ʔurdun (romanization)
al-ʔurdunn (romanization)
الْأُرْدُن (definite informal singular triptote)
الْأُرْدُنّ (definite informal singular triptote)
الْأُرْدُنُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْأُرْدُنُّ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْأُرْدُنَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْأُرْدُنَّ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْأُرْدُنِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
الْأُرْدُنِّ (definite genitive singular triptote)

From جُنْد الْأُرْدُنّ (jund al-ʔurdunn), “the military district of Jordan”, probably straight out borrowed from the Aramaic isolect spoken there at the time, attested by the written Jewish Babylonian Aramaic and Jewish Literary Aramaic as יֹורְדְּנא (yordənā) and יַרְדְּנא (yardənā). Both forms give the present Arabic one regularly: The emphatic state ending was rendered by the Arabic article, and the distinction of the onset consonants /j/, /ʔ/ and /ʕ/ either had already little functional load, in the same fashion as the etyma of هُود (hūd), يَافُوخ (yāfūḵ), يَلَب (yalab), الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq) etc., or the onset يُـ (yu-) or the pattern of *يَرْدُن (*yardun) or *أَرْدُن (*ʔardun) in Arabic was hardly admissible and had to be regularized, that is classicized. See Hebrew יַרְדֵּן (yardén) for the ultimate derivation of the toponym.

الْأُرْدُنُ مُحَاطَةٌ مِنَ الشَّمَالِ بِسُورِيَا، مِنَ الْغَرْبِ بِفِلَسْطِينَ، وَمِنَ الشَّرْقِ بِالْعِرَاقِ، وَمِنَ الشَّرْقِ وَالْجَنُوبِ بِالْمَمْلَكَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ السُّعُودِيَّةِ.

al-ʔurdunu muḥāṭatun mina š-šamāli bisūriyā, mina l-ḡarbi bifilasṭīna, wamina š-šarqi bi-l-ʕirāqi, wamina š-šarqi wāljanūbi bi-l-mamlakati l-ʕarabiyyati s-suʕūdiyyati.

Jordan is surrounded from the north by Syria, from the west by Palestine, from the east by Iraq, and from the east and south by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

وَسَتَغْسِلُ يَا نَهْرَ ٱلْأُرْدُنِ وَجْهِي بِمِيَاهٍ قُدْسِيَّة
وَسَتَمْحُو يَا نَهْرَ ٱلْأُرْدُنِ آثَارَ ٱلْقَدَمِ ٱلْهَمَجِيَّة

1967, “زَهْرَة الْمَدَائِن [Flower of Cities]”, Said Akl (lyrics), Rahbani brothers (music)performed by Fairuz:

And ye, o Jordan river, will wash my face with water of holiness;
And ye, o Jordan river, will erase the traces of the barbaric feet.

wasataḡsilu yā nahra l-ʔurduni wajhī bimiyāhin qudsiyya
wasatamḥū yā nahra l-ʔurduni ʔāṯāra l-qadami l-hamajiyya

Jordan (a river in Western Asia, in the Middle East, that empties into the Dead Sea, flowing through Israel, the Golan Heights, the West Bank and Jordan)


الصين

الصِّين • (aṣ-ṣīn) f

الصِّين (canonical)
aṣ-ṣīn (romanization)
الصِّين (definite informal singular triptote)
الصِّينُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الصِّينَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الصِّينِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

From Middle Persian 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (čīn, “China”), from Sanskrit चीन (cīna, “China”), itself usually derived from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin, “Qin”). It's one of the Arabic country names which require the definite article ال (al-). See “Names of China” at Wikipedia.

China (a region and country in East Asia)


مصر

مِصْر • (miṣr) f

مِصْر (canonical)
miṣr (romanization)
مِصْر (definite diptote informal singular)
مِصْرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
مِصْرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
مِصْرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

desctree

Egyptian Arabic: مصر (maṣr)
→ Nobiin: Másser

Gulf Arabic: مصر (maṣir)

Hijazi Arabic: مَصُر (maṣur)

Maltese: Masar

Moroccan Arabic: مصر (miṣr)

North Levantine Arabic: مَصْر (maṣ(ə)r)

→ Abkhaz: Мысра (Məsra), Мсыр (Msər)

→ Adyghe: Мысыр (Məsər)

→ Akan: Misrim

→ Amharic: ምሥር (məśr)

→ Azerbaijani: Misir

→ Bashkir: Мысыр (Mısır)

→ Beja: مَسِر (Másir)

→ Chagatai: مصر

Uyghur: مىسىر (misir)

Uzbek: Misr

→ Chechen: Мисар (Misar)

→ Crimean Tatar: Mısır

→ Dhivehi: މިޞްރު (mişru)

→ Hausa: Masar, Misira

→ Kabyle: Maṣer

→ Kalenjin: Misri

→ Kamba: Misri

→ Kikuyu: Misri

→ Krymchak: Мысыр

→ Kumyk: Мисри (Misri)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: میسر (mîsr)

Northern Kurdish: Misir

→ Kyrgyz: Мысыр (Mısır)

→ Lezgi: Мисри (Misri)

→ Luhya: Misri

→ Luo: Misri

→ Classical Malay: مصر (Mesir)

Malay: Mesir

Indonesian: Mesir

→ Maranao: Misir

→ Meru: Misri

→ Mongolian:

Cyrillic script: Мисир (Misir)

Mongolian script: ᠮᠢᠰᠢᠷ (misir)

→ Ossetian: Мысыр (Mysyr)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مصر (Mısır) (see there for further descendants)

→ Pashto: مصر (mesr)

→ Classical Persian: مِصْر (misr) (see there for further descendants)

→ Swahili: Umisri, Misri

From a common Semitic source; compare Hebrew מִצְרַיִם (miṣráyim), Ugaritic 𐎎𐎕𐎗𐎎 (mṣrm), and Akkadian 𒈪𒄑𒊑𒄿 (miṣru) or 𒈬𒀫 (muṣru). The ending in Hebrew and Ugaritic is the standard dual form, perhaps related to the ancient conceptualization of Egypt as two realms: Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. Conflated with the root م ص ر (m ṣ r) in some senses (see below).
The sense of Cairo stems from the earlier settlement مِصْرُ الفُسْطَاط (miṣru l-fusṭāṭ, “the Civil Center of Assembly”, literally “of the large camel-hair tents, assembly halls”) that was incorporated into Cairo.

ar-root

م ص ر (m ṣ r)

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

(dialectal, Egypt) Cairo (the capital and largest city of Egypt)


سوريا

ar-proper noun

سُورِيَا or سُورِيَّا • (sūriyā or sūriyyā) f

سُورِيَا (canonical)
سُورِيَّا (canonical)
sūriyā (romanization)
sūriyyā (romanization)
سُورِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
سُورِيَّا (definite informal invariable singular)
سُورِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
سُورِيَّا (definite invariable nominative singular)
سُورِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
سُورِيَّا (accusative definite invariable singular)
سُورِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
سُورِيَّا (definite genitive invariable singular)

From Ancient Greek Συρία (Suría), from Akkadian 𒀸𒋩 (Aššur, “Assur”).

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


الكويت

الْكُوَيْت (canonical)
al-kuwayt (romanization)
الْكُوَيْت (definite informal singular triptote)
الْكُوَيْتُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْكُوَيْتَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْكُوَيْتِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܟܘܵܝܬ (kwāyt)

English: Kuwait, Kuwait City

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Kuwait

Ottoman Turkish: کویت (Kuveyt)

Turkish: Kuveyt

Popularly said to be derived from الْكُوت (al-kūt), found in several placenames around the Gulf. Ultimately of obscure meaning and origin. Compare Hindi कोट (koṭ, “fort”). It is one of the Arabic country names which require the definite article ال (al-).

Kuwait (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East).

Kuwait City (the capital city of Kuwait).


إسرائيل

إِسْرَائِيل • (ʔisrāʔīl) f

إِسْرَائِيل (canonical)
ʔisrāʔīl (romanization)
إِسْرَائِيل (definite diptote informal singular)
إِسْرَائِيلُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
إِسْرَائِيلَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
إِسْرَائِيلَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

إِسْرَائِيلُ

Borrowed from Israeli Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él).


الجزائر

ar-proper noun

الْجَزَائِر • (al-jazāʔir) f pl

الْجَزَائِر (canonical)
al-jazāʔir (romanization)
الْجَزَائِر (definite diptote informal singular)
الْجَزَائِرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
الْجَزَائِرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
الْجَزَائِرِ (definite diptote genitive singular)

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܓܲܙܵܐܝܼܪ (gazzāˀīr)

→ Azerbaijani: Əlcəzair

→ English: Algeria, Algiers

desctree

→ Malay: Aljazair
→ Indonesian: Aljazair

→ Spanish: Argelia

→ Turkish: Cezayir

→ Urdu: الجزائر (aljaza'ir)

Muhammad al-Idrisi
Yaqut al-Hamawi
ar:الجزائر

The broken plural of جَزِيرَة (jazīra, “island”) has come to be the proper name for Algeria, its capital, and the islands in its bay, as there were once several small islands in the Bay of Algiers. Most of these islands are now connected to the shore or have been removed. الْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir) is itself a truncated form of the city's older name of جَزَائِر بَنِي مَزْغَنَّى (jazāʔir banī mazḡannā, “the islands of (the tribe) Ait Mazghanna”), which was used by early medieval geographers such as Muhammad al-Idrisi and Yaqut al-Hamawi.

Algiers (the capital and largest city of Algeria)


السعودية

ar-proper noun

السُّعُودِيَّة

السَّعُودِيَّة

السُّعُودِيَّة or السَّعُودِيَّة • (as-suʕūdiyya or as-saʕūdiyya) f

السُّعُودِيَّة (canonical)
السَّعُودِيَّة (canonical)
as-suʕūdiyya (romanization)
as-saʕūdiyya (romanization)
السُّعُودِيَّة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
السَّعُودِيَّة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
السُّعُودِيَّةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
السَّعُودِيَّةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
السُّعُودِيَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
السَّعُودِيَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
السُّعُودِيَّةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)
السَّعُودِيَّةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

المملكة العربية السعودية#Arabic

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East), ellipsis of اَلْمَمْلَكَةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ السُّعُودِيَّةُ (al-mamlakatu l-ʕarabiyyatu s-suʕūdiyyatu)


تل أبيب

تَلّ أَبِيب • (tall ʔabīb) f

تَلّ أَبِيب (canonical)
tall ʔabīb (romanization)

Partial calque of Hebrew תל אביב (tel aviv).


الرياض

ar-proper noun

الرِّيَاض • (ar-riyāḍ) f

الرِّيَاض (canonical)
ar-riyāḍ (romanization)
الرِّيَاض (definite diptote informal singular)
الرِّيَاضُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
الرِّيَاضَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
الرِّيَاضِ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Definite form of رِيَاض (riyāḍ), plural of رَوْض (rawḍ, “meadow”).

Riyadh (the capital city of Saudi Arabia)


القاهرة

الْقَاهِرَة • (al-qāhira) f

الْقَاهِرَة (canonical)
al-qāhira (romanization)
الْقَاهِرَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
الْقَاهِرَةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
الْقَاهِرَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
الْقَاهِرَةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܩܵܗܝܼܪܵܐ (qāhīrā)

→ Azerbaijani: Qahirə

desctree

→ Classical Persian: قَاهِرَه (qāhira)
→ Bashkir: Ҡаһирә (Qahirə)
→ Chagatai: قاهره
Uyghur: قاھىرە (qahire)
Uzbek: Qohira
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: क़ाहिरा (qāhirā), काहिरा (kāhirā)
Urdu: قاہِرَہ (qāhira)
→ Pashto: قاهره
→ Punjabi: قاہِرَہ (qāhirah)
→ Sindhi: قاهره
→ Tatar: Каһирә (Qahirä)

→ Hebrew: קָהִיר (kahír)

→ Malay: Kaherah

→ Ottoman Turkish: قاهره

Turkish: Kahire

Literally, “the Victorious”, named after an epithet of the planet Mars, النَّجْم القَاهِر (an-najm al-qāhir, “the victorious star”), in reference to Mars' passage above the site of the city at the time of the foundation of its walls in 969 CE; from قَهَرَ (qahara, “to defeat”).


أورشليم

ar-proper noun

أُورُشَلِيم • (ʔūrušalīm) f

أُورُشَلِيم (canonical)
ʔūrušalīm (romanization)
أُورُشَلِيم (definite diptote informal singular)
أُورُشَلِيمُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
أُورُشَلِيمَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
أُورُشَلِيمَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

أُورُشَلِيمُ

From Classical Syriac ܐܘܪܫܠܡ (ʾūrišlēm, ʾōrēšlim), a pre-Hebrew form. Compare 𒌑𒊒𒊓𒅆𒆠 (Urušalim) in the Armana letters (14th century B.C.).

bor

وَأَصْحَابُ هَٰذِهِ الْمُؤَامَرَةِ لَمْ يَسْتَطِيعُوا أَنْ يَجْهَرُوا بِهَا فِي أُورُشَلِيمَ

a. 1273, اَلْقُرْطُبِيّ [al-qurṭubiyy], edited by أَحْمَد حِجَازِيّ السَّقَّا [ʔaḥmad ḥijāziyy as-saqqā], اَلْإِعْلَامُ بِمَا فِي دِينِ النَّصَارَى مِنَ الْفَسَادِ وَٱلْأَوْهَامِ [al-ʔiʕlāmu bimā fī dīni n-naṣārā mina l-fasādi wal-ʔawhāmi], دَار التُّرَاث اَلْعَرَبِيّ [dār at-turāṯ al-ʕarabiyy], page 484:

The plotters of this conspiracy were unable to openly declare it in Jerusalem.

(Christianity, Israel) Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


القدس

الْقُدْس (canonical)
al-quds (romanization)
الْقُدْس (definite informal singular triptote)
الْقُدْسُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْقُدْسَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْقُدْسِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

→ Belarusian: Аль-Ку́дс (Alʹ-Kúds)

→ Bengali: কুদুস (kudus)

→ English: al-Quds

→ Classical Persian: قُدْس (quds)

Persian: قُدْس (qods)

→ Ottoman Turkish: قدس (Kudüs)

→ Turkish: Kudüs

→ Russian: Аль-Ку́дс (Alʹ-Kúds)

→ Ukrainian: Аль-Ку́дс (Alʹ-Kúds)

Ellipsis of مَدِينَة الْقُدْس (madīnat al-quds), a calque of Classical Syriac ܡܕܝܢܬ ܩܘܕܫܐ (məḏīnaṯ quḏšā), from Hebrew עִיר הַקֹּדֶשׁ (ʿîr haq-qṓḏeš, “the city of holiness”). Morphologically the definite of قُدْس (quds), from the root ق د س (q d s).

ellipsis

مَدِينَة الْقُدْس

calque

məḏīnaṯ quḏšā

der

עִיר הַקֹּדֶשׁ

الْبَيْتُ لَنَا وَٱلْقُدْسُ لَنَا
 وَبِأَيْدِينَا سَنُعِيدُ بَهَاءَ ٱلْقُدْسِ
 بِأَيْدِينَا لِلْقُدْسِ سَلَام آتٍ

The house is ours, and Jerusalem is ours.
And by our hands we will restore Jerusalem’s splendor.
By our hands to Jerusalem peace is coming.

al-baytu lanā wal-qudsu lanā
 wabiʔaydīnā sanuʕīdu bahāʔa l-qudsi
 biʔaydīnā lilqudsi salām ʔātin


تركيا

ar-proper noun

تُرْكِيَا or تُرْكِيَّا • (turkiyā or turkiyyā) f

تُرْكِيَا (canonical)
تُرْكِيَّا (canonical)
turkiyā (romanization)
turkiyyā (romanization)
تُرْكِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
تُرْكِيَّا (definite informal invariable singular)
تُرْكِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
تُرْكِيَّا (definite invariable nominative singular)
تُرْكِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
تُرْكِيَّا (accusative definite invariable singular)
تُرْكِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
تُرْكِيَّا (definite genitive invariable singular)

Ultimately from Byzantine Greek Τουρκίᾱ (Tourkíā, “Turkey”), itself being Τοῦρκος (Toûrkos) (borrowed into Latin as Turcus (“A Turk, Turkish”), see there for further etymology) with suffix -ίᾱ (-íā).


العراق

ar-proper noun

الْعِرَاق • (al-ʕirāq) m or f

الْعِرَاق (canonical)
al-ʕirāq (romanization)
الْعِرَاق (definite informal singular triptote)
الْعِرَاقُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْعِرَاقَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْعِرَاقِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Medieval Arabic geographic understanding of this toponym included the areas in the south and center of modern Iraq. This may be understood as the definite form of عِرَاق (ʕirāq, “shore, coast, any region or area (of a whole country or a mere rivulet in a garden) adjacent to water as opposed to another one”), contradistinguished from الْجَزِيرَة (al-jazīra, “the Arabian Peninsula”), respectively, in Classical Syriac ܓܙܺܝܪܬܴ݁ܐ (gəzīrtā, “Mesopotamia”), but it is tempting to connect it with Middle Persian [script needed] (ˀyrg /ērag/) or [script needed] (ˀl'k' /erāg/, “lowlands”), like 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾyrʾn /ērān/, “Iran”), with diminutive suffix from 𐭠𐭩𐭫 (ʾyl /ēr/, “Iranian”), referring to historic rule from Iraq’s plateau-situated neighbor, Persia. The former Pahlavi form is more closely reflected in a Jewish Babylonian Aramaic incantation bowl; together with the neighboring region, this marks it as אירג (ʔyrg /*ērag/), being the oldest extant witness of the country name. The Aramaic language continuum may have had a pharyngealized byform of the other vocalization, as also seen in عِرْنَاس (ʕirnās, “distaff”) and عَمْرُوسَة (ʕamrūsa, “small lamb”).

der

ar:العراق
ru:Христианский Восток (журнал)


ألمانيا

ar-proper noun

أَلْمَانِيَا

أَلْمَانِيَا • (ʔalmāniyā) f

أَلْمَانِيَا (canonical)
ʔalmāniyā (romanization)
أَلْمَانِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
أَلْمَانِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
أَلْمَانِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
أَلْمَانِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

ar-decl-noun

أَلْمَانِيَا

From Spanish Alemania, from Latin Alamannī (“all men”), an ancient conglomeration of Teutonic tribes.

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


روسيا

ar-proper noun

رُوسِيَا • (rūsiyā) f

رُوسِيَا (canonical)
rūsiyā (romanization)
رُوسِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
رُوسِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
رُوسِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
رُوسِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

Russia (a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


قطر

قَطَر • (qaṭar) f

قَطَر (canonical)
qaṭar (romanization)
قَطَر (definite diptote informal singular)
قَطَرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
قَطَرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
قَطَرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Qatar (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


الولايات المتحدة

الْوِلَايَات الْمُتَّحِدَة

الْوِلَايَات الْمُتَّحِدَة • (al-wilāyāt al-muttaḥida) f pl

الْوِلَايَات الْمُتَّحِدَة (canonical)
al-wilāyāt al-muttaḥida (romanization)
الْوِلَايَات الْمُتَّحِدَة (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
الْوِلَايَاتُ الْمُتَّحِدَةُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
الْوِلَايَاتِ الْمُتَّحِدَةَ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
الْوِلَايَاتِ الْمُتَّحِدَةِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)

الْوِلَايَات الْمُتَّحِدَة الْأَمْرِيكِيَّة


الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية

الْوِلَايَات الْمُتَّحِدَة الْأَمْرِيكِيَّة • (al-wilāyāt al-muttaḥida l-ʾamrīkiyya) f

al-wilāyāt al-muttaḥida l-ʾamrīkiyya (romanization)

ar-decl-noun

أَمْرِيكِيَّة

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)

en-الولايات_المتحدة_الأمريكية-ar-name-6DbKFMqU


طهران

ar-proper noun

طَهْرَان • (ṭahrān) f

طَهْرَان (canonical)
ṭahrān (romanization)
طَهْرَان (definite diptote informal singular)
طَهْرَانُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
طَهْرَانَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
طَهْرَانَ (definite diptote genitive singular)


البوسنة والهرسك

الْبُوسْنَة وَٱلْهِرْسِك

الْبُوسْنَة وَٱلْهِرْسِك • (al-būsna wa-l-hirsik) f

الْبُوسْنَة وَٱلْهِرْسِك (canonical)
al-būsna wa-l-hirsik (romanization)
الْبُوسْنَة وَالْهِرْسِك (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
الْبُوسْنَةُ وَالْهِرْسِكُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
الْبُوسْنَةَ وَالْهِرْسِكَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
الْبُوسْنَةِ وَالْهِرْسِكِ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)

ar:البوسنة والهرسك


الإمارات

الْإِمَارَات

الْإِمَارَات • (al-ʔimārāt) f

الْإِمَارَات (canonical)
al-ʔimārāt (romanization)
الْإِمَارَات (definite feminine informal plural sound-form)
الْإِمَارَاتُ (definite feminine nominative plural sound-form)
الْإِمَارَاتِ (accusative definite feminine plural sound-form)
الْإِمَارَاتِ (definite feminine genitive plural sound-form)

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English:_Q878

Emirates; United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

ar:الإمارات العربية المتحدة

الْإِمَارَات الْعَرَبِيَّة الْمُتَّحِدَة


كرواتيا

كُرُوَاتِيَا

كُرُوَاتِيَا • (kuruwātiyā) f

كُرُوَاتِيَا (canonical)
kuruwātiyā (romanization)
كُرُوَاتِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
كُرُوَاتِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
كُرُوَاتِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
كُرُوَاتِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

ar-decl-noun

كُرُوَاتِيَا

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


جدة

جِدَّة (canonical)
جُدَّة (canonical)
jidda (romanization)
judda (romanization)
جِدَّة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
جُدَّة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
جِدَّةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
جُدَّةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
جِدَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
جُدَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
جِدَّةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)
جُدَّةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

Cognate with Aramaic גידא / גודא, a length, a strip, a row, or patch; hence a strip of land by the sea, a tract near a body of water.

cog

Aramaic גידא / גודא

Jeddah (a port city in Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia)


جامع

ar-noun

جَامِع • (jāmiʕ) m (plural جَوَامِع (jawāmiʕ))

جَامِع (canonical)
jāmiʕ (romanization)
جَوَامِع (plural)
جَامِع (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْجَامِع (definite informal singular triptote)
جَامِع (construct informal singular triptote)
جَامِعٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْجَامِعُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
جَامِعُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
جَامِعًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْجَامِعَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
جَامِعَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
جَامِعٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْجَامِعِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
جَامِعِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
جَامِعَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْجَامِعَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
جَامِعَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
جَامِعَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْجَامِعَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
جَامِعَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
جَامِعَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْجَامِعَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
جَامِعَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
جَامِعَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْجَامِعَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
جَامِعَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
جَوَامِع (broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural)
الْجَوَامِع (broken-form definite diptote informal plural)
جَوَامِع (broken-form construct diptote informal plural)
جَوَامِعُ (broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural)
الْجَوَامِعُ (broken-form definite diptote nominative plural)
جَوَامِعُ (broken-form construct diptote nominative plural)
جَوَامِعَ (accusative broken-form diptote indefinite plural)
الْجَوَامِعَ (accusative broken-form definite diptote plural)
جَوَامِعَ (accusative broken-form construct diptote plural)
جَوَامِعَ (broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural)
الْجَوَامِعِ (broken-form definite diptote genitive plural)
جَوَامِعِ (broken-form construct diptote genitive plural)

Egyptian Arabic: جامع (gāmiʕ)

→ Lishana Deni: גׄימע (jemaʿ)

→ Persian: جامع (jâme')

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: جامع (cami)
Turkish: cami
→ Albanian: xhami
→ Armenian: ճամի (čami)
→ Bulgarian: джами́я (džamíja)
→ Greek: τζαμί (tzamí)
→ Hungarian: dzsámi
→ Ladino: djami
→ Laz: ჯამე (came), ნჯამე (ncame) — Arkabi
→ Macedonian: џамија (džamija)
→ Romanian: geamie
→ Serbo-Croatian: džámija, џа́мија
→ Uyghur: جامى (jami)

Derived from the active participle of جَمَعَ (jamaʕa, “to collect, gather”).

الْجَامِع الْأَزْهَر


تاج محل

ar-proper noun

تَاج مَحَل • (tāj maḥal) m

تَاج مَحَل (canonical)
tāj maḥal (romanization)

Taj Mahal (a monument in Agra, India, constructed between 1631 and 1654, considered one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture in the world)


زامبيا

زَامْبِيَا • (zambiyā) f

زَامْبِيَا (canonical)
zambiyā (romanization)


المملكة العربية السعودية

الْمَمْلَكَة الْعَرَبِيَّة السُّعُودِيَّة or الْمَمْلَكَة الْعَرَبِيَّة السَّعُودِيَّة • (al-mamlaka l-ʕarabiyya s-suʕūdiyya or al-mamlaka l-ʕarabiyya s-saʕūdiyya) f

al-mamlaka l-ʕarabiyya s-suʕūdiyya (romanization)
al-mamlaka l-ʕarabiyya s-saʕūdiyya (romanization)

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia#English:_Q851

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (official name of Saudi Arabia: a country in Western Asia, on the Arabian Peninsula)

en-المملكة_العربية_السعودية-ar-name-emHWgVgk


فيتنام

فِيِتْنَام or فْيِتْنَام • (viyitnām or vyitnām) f

فِيِتْنَام (canonical)
فْيِتْنَام (canonical)
viyitnām (romanization)
vyitnām (romanization)
ڤِيِتْنَام (alternative)
ڤْيِتْنَام (alternative)

Via English and French Vietnam from Vietnamese Việt Nam.


إنجلترا

إِنْجِلْتِرَا

إِنْجِلْتِرَا

إِنْجِلْتِرَا • (ʔingiltirā or ʔinjiltirā) f

إِنْجِلْتِرَا (canonical)
ʔingiltirā (romanization)
ʔinjiltirā (romanization)
إِنْجِلْتِرَا (definite informal invariable singular)
إِنْجِلْتِرَا (definite informal invariable singular)
إِنْجِلْتِرَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
إِنْجِلْتِرَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
إِنْجِلْتِرَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
إِنْجِلْتِرَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
إِنْجِلْتِرَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
إِنْجِلْتِرَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
إِنْجِلْتِرَة (alternative)
إِنْكِلْتِرَا (alternative)
إِنْكِلْتِرَة (alternative)

ar-decl-noun

إِنْجِلْتِرَا

إِنْجِلْتِرَا

England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


إستونيا

ar-proper noun

إِسْتُونِيَا

إِسْتُونِيَا • (ʾistōniyā) f

إِسْتُونِيَا (canonical)
ʾistōniyā (romanization)
إِسْتُونِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
إِسْتُونِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
إِسْتُونِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
إِسْتُونِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

ar-decl-noun

إِسْتُونِيَا

Estonia (a country in northeastern Europe, on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea)


إسطنبول

ar-proper noun

إِسْطَنْبُول

إِسْطَنْبُول • (ʔisṭanbūl) f

إِسْطَنْبُول (canonical)
ʔisṭanbūl (romanization)
إِسْطَنْبُول (definite diptote informal singular)
إِسْطَنْبُولُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
إِسْطَنْبُولَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
إِسْطَنْبُولَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
إِسْتَنْبُول (alternative)
إِسْتَانْبُول (alternative)
اِسْطَنْبُول (alternative)
اِسْتَانْبُول (alternative)
اِسْتَنْبُول (alternative)

ar-decl-noun

إِسْطَنْبُول:di

Istanbul (a major city and province of Turkey)


إشبيلية

ar-proper noun

إِشْبِيلِيَة

إِشْبِيلِيَة • (ʔišbīliya) f

إِشْبِيلِيَة (canonical)
ʔišbīliya (romanization)
إِشْبِيلِيَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
إِشْبِيلِيَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
إِشْبِيلِيَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
إِشْبِيلِيَةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

إِشْبِيلِيَة:di

desctree

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Sevilha
Galician: Sevilla
Portuguese: Sevilha

→ Spanish: Sevilla

→ Sicilian: Xibilia

→ Sicilian: Scibbilia (Italianized spelling)

From Latin Hispalis, ultimately from Phoenician 𐤔𐤐𐤋𐤄 (šplh /sep̄ela/, “plain, valley”).

der

Seville (the capital city of Andalusia, Spain)


لندن

ar-proper noun

لُنْدُن or لَنْدَن • (lundun or landan) f

لُنْدُن (canonical)
لَنْدَن (canonical)
lundun (romanization)
landan (romanization)
لُنْدُن (definite diptote informal singular)
لَنْدَن (definite diptote informal singular)
لُنْدُنُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
لَنْدَنُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
لُنْدُنَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
لَنْدَنَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
لُنْدُنَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
لَنْدَنَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; the capital city of England)


موش

مُوش • (mūš) ?

Mush (the capital city of Mush province, Turkey)


تبت

تُبَّت (canonical)
tubbat (romanization)
تُبَّت (definite diptote informal singular)
تُبَّتُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
تُبَّتَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
تُبَّتَ (definite diptote genitive singular)


تونس

تُونُس or تُونِس • (tūnus or tūnis) f

تُونُس (canonical)
تُونِس (canonical)
tūnus (romanization)
tūnis (romanization)
تُونُس (definite diptote informal singular)
تُونِس (definite diptote informal singular)
تُونُسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
تُونِسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
تُونُسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
تُونِسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
تُونُسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
تُونِسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Tunis (the capital city, since 1159, and largest city of Tunisia)


لبنان

لُبْنَان (canonical)
lubnān (romanization)
لُبْنَان (definite diptote informal singular)
لُبْنَانُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
لُبْنَانَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
لُبْنَانَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

لُبْنَان مَعْرُوف بِجِبَالِهِ الخَلّابَة وَسَوَاحِلِهِ الجَمِيلَة.

lubnān maʕrūf bi-jibālihi l-ḵallāba(t) wa-sawāḥilihi l-jamīla.

Lebanon is known for its stunning mountains and beautiful coastlines.

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


بغداد

بَغْدَاد • (baḡdād) f

بَغْدَاد (canonical)
baḡdād (romanization)
بَغْدَاد (definite diptote informal singular)
بَغْدَادُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بَغْدَادَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بَغْدَادَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Borrowed from Classical Persian بَغْدَاد (baġdād).

bor+

ar:بغداد
ar:محافظة بغداد


العلمين

ar-proper noun

اَلْعَلَمَيْن

اَلْعَلَمَيْن • (al-ʕalamayn) f

اَلْعَلَمَيْن (canonical)
al-ʕalamayn (romanization)

Arabic for "the two flags", a dual form of عَلَم (ʕalam, “flag, banner”).

El Alamein (a coastal town in Matruh governorate, Egypt)


ليبيا

لِيبِيَا • (lībiyā) f

لِيبِيَا (canonical)
lībiyā (romanization)


ألبانيا

أَلْبَانِيَا

أَلْبَانِيَا • (ʔalbāniyā) f

أَلْبَانِيَا (canonical)
ʔalbāniyā (romanization)
أَلْبَانِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
أَلْبَانِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
أَلْبَانِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
أَلْبَانِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

ar-decl-noun

أَلْبَانِيَا

From Ottoman Turkish آلبانیا (Albanya), from Greek Αλβανία (Alvanía).

bor

<i class="Latn mention" lang="tr">Albanya</i>


عندقت

ar-proper noun

عَنْدْقِت • (ʕandqit) f

عَنْدْقِت (canonical)
ʕandqit (romanization)

Andket (a Maronite Christian village in northern Lebanon)


مشهد

مَشْهَد • (mašhad) f

مَشْهَد (canonical)
mašhad (romanization)
مَشْهَد (definite diptote informal singular)
مَشْهَدُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
مَشْهَدَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
مَشْهَدَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Noun of place from the root ش ه د (š h d).

ar-root

ش ه د (š h d)


عمان

ar-proper noun

عُمَان • (ʕumān) f

عُمَان (canonical)
ʕumān (romanization)
عُمَان (definite diptote informal singular)
عُمَانُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
عُمَانَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
عُمَانَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܥܘܼܡܵܢ (ˁūmān)

⇒ Japanese: オマーン (Omān)

→ Persian: عمان ('omân)

→ Punjabi: عُمان (ʻumān)

→ Sindhi: عمان

→ Urdu: عُمان ('umān)

Disputed etymology with most connecting it back to عُمَانَة (ʕumāna) considered a by-name of the city صُحَار (ṣuḥār), the most prevalent city-state at the time the name became associated with the region as a whole. Considered derived from the root ع م ن (ʕ m n) meaning, "to settle or remain", "to dwell", "a place where one enters and chooses to stay", "to be abiding or a lasting settlement", "a plain or easy country".

ar-root

ع م ن (ʕ m n)

Oman (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


عمان

ar-proper noun

عَمَّان • (ʕammān) f

عَمَّان (canonical)
ʕammān (romanization)
عَمَّان (definite diptote informal singular)
عَمَّانُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
عَمَّانَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
عَمَّانَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܥܲܡܵܐܢ (ˁammān)

→ Persian: عمان ('ammân)

→ Punjabi: عَمّان (ʻammān)

→ Sindhi: عمان

→ Urdu: عَمّان ('ammān)

Generally connected to the root ع م م (ʕ m m) dealing with the concepts of "kinsmen or people", "father's brother", "to be distantly related, an extended tribe", "a very large company", "a tribe, multitude, or great band"; attested as far back as Akkadian 𒌷𒄠𒈠𒈾 (Ammān, “City of Ammān”) likely deriving from a local power's endonym.

ar-root

ع م م (ʕ m m)


برن

بِرْن (canonical)
birn (romanization)
bern (romanization)
بِرْن (definite diptote informal singular triptote)
بِرْن (definite diptote informal singular triptote)
بِرْنُ (definite diptote nominative singular triptote)
بِرْنٌ (definite diptote nominative singular triptote)
بِرْنَ (accusative definite diptote singular triptote)
بِرْنًا (accusative definite diptote singular triptote)
بِرْنَ (definite diptote genitive singular triptote)
بِرْنٍ (definite diptote genitive singular triptote)


المدينة

ar-proper noun

الْمَدِينَة • (al-madīna) f

الْمَدِينَة (canonical)
al-madīna (romanization)
الْمَدِينَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
الْمَدِينَةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
الْمَدِينَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
الْمَدِينَةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

→ Azerbaijani: Mədinə

desc

→ Classical Persian: مَدِینَة (madīna), مَدِینَةْ (madīnat), مَدِینَه (madīna)

Dari: مَدِینَه (madīna)

Iranian Persian: مَدینِه (madine)

Tajik: Мадина (Madina)

→ Bashkir: Мәҙинә (Məźinə)

→ English: Medina

→ Turkish: Medine

Etymology tree
Arabic الْ (al-)
Aramaic מְדִינְתָּאbor.
Arabic مَدِينَة (madīna)
Arabic المدينة
From الْ (al-) + مَدِينَة (madīna).

etymon

مَدِينَة>city


مشغرة

ar-proper noun

مَشْغَرَة • (mašḡara) f

مَشْغَرَة (canonical)
mašḡara (romanization)
مَشْغَرَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
مَشْغَرَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
مَشْغَرَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
مَشْغَرَةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

مَشْغَرَة:di

Machghara (a town in Beqaa governorate, Lebanon, renowned for its abundance of water, located approximately 87 kilometers from Beirut)


باماكو

ar-proper noun

بَامَاكُو • (bāmākū) f

بَامَاكُو (canonical)
bāmākū (romanization)


باريس

بَارِيس • (bārīs) f

بَارِيس (canonical)
bārīs (romanization)
بَارِيس (definite diptote informal singular)
بَارِيسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بَارِيسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بَارِيسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
بَارِيز (alternative dated)
پَارِيس (alternative rare)

→ Afar: Baaríis

→ Somali: Baaríis

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


مارسيليا

مَارْسِيلِيَّا

مَارْسِيلِيَّا • (mārsīliyyā) f

مَارْسِيلِيَّا (canonical)
mārsīliyyā (romanization)

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Marseille (the capital city of Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; the capital city of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)


نانسي

نَانْسِي • (nānsī) f

نَانْسِي (canonical)
nānsī (romanization)

Nancy (the capital city of Meurthe-et-Moselle department, France)


كراكاس

كَرَاكَاس • (karākās) f

كَرَاكَاس (canonical)
karākās (romanization)


فرنسا

فَرَنْسَا or فِرَنْسَا • (faransā or firansā) f

فَرَنْسَا (canonical)
فِرَنْسَا (canonical)
faransā (romanization)
firansā (romanization)
فَرَنْسَا (definite informal invariable singular)
فِرَنْسَا (definite informal invariable singular)
فَرَنْسَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
فِرَنْسَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
فَرَنْسَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
فِرَنْسَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
فَرَنْسَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
فِرَنْسَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
فَرَنْسَة (alternative)

France (a country located primarily in Western Europe)


الهند

الْهِنْد (canonical)
al-hind (romanization)
الْهِنْد (definite informal singular triptote)
الْهِنْدُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْهِنْدَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْهِنْدِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

→ Swahili: Uhindi

From Classical Persian هند (hind), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿdūš), from Sanskrit सिन्धु (sindhu, “a river, stream”).


جامايكا

ar-proper noun

جَامَايْكَا • (jamaykā) f

جَامَايْكَا (canonical)
jamaykā (romanization)

Jamaica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


قازاقستان

قَازَاقِسْتَان

قَازَاقِسْتَان • (qāzāqistān) f

قَازَاقِسْتَان (canonical)
qāzāqistān (romanization)
قَازَاقِسْتَان (definite informal singular triptote)
قَازَاقِسْتَانٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
قَازَاقِسْتَانًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
قَازَاقِسْتَانٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

قَازَاقِسْتَان

كَازَاخِسْتَان كازاخستان#Arabic

alternative spelling of كَازَاخِسْتَان (kāzāḵistān): Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)

كَازَاخِسْتَان

ar:كازاخستان


إنكلترا

ar-proper noun

إِنْكِلْتِرَا

إِنْكِلْتَرَّا

إِنْكِلْتِرَا or إِنْكِلْتَرَّا • (ʾingilterā or ʔinkiltarrā) f

إِنْكِلْتِرَا (canonical)
إِنْكِلْتَرَّا (canonical)
ʾingilterā (romanization)
ʔinkiltarrā (romanization)
إنجلترا (alternative)
إنكلترَة (alternative)

England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


إنكلترة

إِنْكِلْتِرَة

إِنْكِلْتِرَة • (ʾingiltera) f

إِنْكِلْتِرَة (canonical)
ʾingiltera (romanization)
إنجلترا (alternative)
إنكلترا (alternative)


أمريكا

أَمْرِيكَا • (ʔamrīkā) f

أَمْرِيكَا (canonical)
ʔamrīkā (romanization)
أَمْرِيكَا (definite informal invariable singular)
أَمْرِيكَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
أَمْرِيكَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
أَمْرِيكَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
أَمِيرِكَا (alternative)
أَمْرِيكَة (alternative)

Possibly from Latin Amerīca (with stress on long ī).

America, United States of America (a country in North America; in full, United States of America)


أستراليا

أُسْتُرَالِيَا

أُسْتُرَالِيَا • (ʔusturāliyā) f

أُسْتُرَالِيَا (canonical)
ʔusturāliyā (romanization)
أُسْتُرَالِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
أُسْتُرَالِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
أُسْتُرَالِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
أُسْتُرَالِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
أُوسْتُرَالِيَا (alternative)

ar-decl-noun

أُسْتُرَالِيَا

Australia (a country consisting of a main island, the island of Tasmania and other smaller islands, located in Oceania; historically, a collection of former colonies of the British Empire)


أوستراليا

ar-proper noun

أُوسْتُرَالِيَا

أُوسْتُرَالِيَا • (ʔūsturāliyā) f

أُوسْتُرَالِيَا (canonical)
ʔūsturāliyā (romanization)
أُوسْتُرَالِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
أُوسْتُرَالِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
أُوسْتُرَالِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
أُوسْتُرَالِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
أُسْتُرَالِيَا (alternative)

ar-decl-noun

أُوسْتُرَالِيَا

ar:أوستراليا


جادو

ar-proper noun

جَادُو • (jādū) f


إسبانية

إِسْبَانِيَة

إِسْبَانِيَة • (ʔisbāniya) f

إِسْبَانِيَة (canonical)
ʔisbāniya (romanization)
إِسْبَانِيَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
إِسْبَانِيَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
إِسْبَانِيَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
إِسْبَانِيَةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)
إِسْبَانِيَا (alternative)

ar-decl-noun

إِسْبَانِيَة:di

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


المدينة المنورة

ar-proper noun

الْمَدِينَة الْمُنَوَّرَة

الْمَدِينَة الْمُنَوَّرَة • (al-madīna l-munawwara) f

الْمَدِينَة الْمُنَوَّرَة (canonical)
al-madīna l-munawwara (romanization)
الْمَدِينَة الْمُنَوَّرَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
الْمَدِينَةُ الْمُنَوَّرَةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
الْمَدِينَةَ الْمُنَوَّرَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
الْمَدِينَةِ الْمُنَوَّرَةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

From مَدِينَة (madīna, “city”) and مُنَوَّرَة (munawwara, “illuminated, shining”). Literally, "the shining city".

ar:المدينة المنورة


القريتان

اَلْقَرْيَتَان

اَلْقَرْيَتَان • (al-qaryatān) f du

اَلْقَرْيَتَان (canonical)
al-qaryatān (romanization)
الْقَرْيَتَيْن (definite dual informal)
الْقَرْيَتَانِ (definite dual nominative)
الْقَرْيَتَيْنِ (accusative definite dual)
الْقَرْيَتَيْنِ (definite dual genitive)

the two cities of Mecca and Taif, in Saudi Arabia

the two cities of Mecca and Medina, in Saudi Arabia


جبل طارق

جَبَل طَارِق

جَبَل طَارِق • (jabal ṭāriq) m

جَبَل طَارِق (canonical)
jabal ṭāriq (romanization)
جَبَل طَارِق (definite informal singular triptote)
جَبَلُ طَارِقٍ (definite nominative singular triptote)
جَبَلَ طَارِقٍ (accusative definite singular triptote)
جَبَلِ طَارِقٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Literally, “mountain of Tariq”, named after Tariq ibn Ziyad, who led the Umayyad conquest of Hispania.

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)


الجزيرة

الْجَزِيرَة • (al-jazīra) f

الْجَزِيرَة (canonical)
al-jazīra (romanization)

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Al Jazirah (a settlement in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates)

Algeciras (a port city in Andalusia, Spain)


النرويج

اَلنُّرْوِيج

اَلنُّرْوِيج • (an-nurwīj) f

اَلنُّرْوِيج (canonical)
an-nurwīj (romanization)
نُرْوِيج (alternative)
النُّرْوِج (alternative)
نُرْوِج (alternative)

Norway (a country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe)


هلسنكي

هِلْسِنْكِي (canonical)
hilsinkī (romanization)
helsinkī (romanization)
هِلْسِنْكِي (definite diptote informal singular)
هِلْسِنْكِي (definite diptote informal singular)
هِلْسِنْكِيُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
هِلْسِنْكِيُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
هِلْسِنْكِيَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
هِلْسِنْكِيَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
هِلْسِنْكِيَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
هِلْسِنْكِيَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

هِلْسِنْكِي:di

هِلْسِنْكِي/helsinkī:di

From Finnish Helsinki, itself derived from Swedish.


أمستردام

ar-proper noun

أَمْسْتِرْدَام

أَمْسْتِرْدَام • (ʔamstirdām) f

أَمْسْتِرْدَام (canonical)
ʔamstirdām (romanization)
أَمْسْتِرْدَام (definite diptote informal singular)
أَمْسْتِرْدَامُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
أَمْسْتِرْدَامَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
أَمْسْتِرْدَامَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

أَمْسْتِرْدَام:di

Amsterdam (a city and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands; the capital city of the Netherlands)


بنين

ar-proper noun

بِنِين • (binīn) f


أور

أُور • (ʔūr) m

Tell el-Muqayyar
Tell el-Muqayyar#English

Ur (ancient Sumerian city in Mesopotamia, in modern Iraq; modern Tell el-Muqayyar)


سلا

سَلَا • (salā) f

سَلَا (canonical)
salā (romanization)
سَلَا (definite informal invariable singular)
سَلَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
سَلَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
سَلَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

From Latin Sala Colonia, from Punic 𐤔𐤏𐤋𐤕 (šʿlt).

Salé (a city in Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco)


جنين

جِنِين • (jinīn) f

جِنِين (canonical)
jinīn (romanization)
جِنِين (definite diptote informal singular)
جِنِينُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
جِنِينَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
جِنِينَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar:جنين
ar:جنين (مدينة)

Grammatically belongs to the root ج ن ن (j n n).

Jenin (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


بور

بُور • (būr) ?


كان

كان • (kān) ?


كان

كَان • (Kān) ?


آخن

آخَن • (ʔāḵan) f

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Aachen (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


البو

اَلْبُو • (albō) ?


لوثيان

لُوثِيَان • (luṯiyan) f

لُوثِيَان (canonical)
luṯiyan (romanization)

Lothian (an area and former region of Scotland)


أرمينيا

أَرْمِينِيَا

أَرْمِينِيَا • (ʔarmīniyā) f

أَرْمِينِيَا (canonical)
ʔarmīniyā (romanization)
أَرْمِينِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
أَرْمِينِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
أَرْمِينِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
أَرْمِينِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
أَرْمِينِيَة (alternative)

ar-decl-noun

أَرْمِينِيَا

From Byzantine Greek Ἀρμενία (Armenía), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 (a-r-mi-i-n /Armina/).


مين

Maine (a state of the United States; probably named for the province in France)


الشام

ar-proper noun

الشَّام • (aš-šām) f

الشَّام (canonical)
aš-šām (romanization)
الشَّام (definite informal singular triptote)
الشَّامُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الشَّامَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الشَّامِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
شام (alternative)

From the root ش ء م (š ʔ m), a variant of ش م ل (š m l); contrasted with اليَمَن (al-yaman) from *yamīn- (“right-hand side; southward”). Cognate with Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (s'mól, “left”), Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, “left side”), Aramaic סְמָלָא / ܣܡܠܐ (semālā, “left side”), Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl). The northern sense derives from the left-hand side oriented with the sunrise, also attested in Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩱𐩣 (s²ʾm, “North”).
The “Greater Syria, the Levant” sense is an ellipsis of بِلَاد الشَّام (bilād aš-šām).

ar-root

ش ء م (š ʔ m)

ش م ل (š m l)

cog

Aramaic סְמָלָא

ellipsis

بِلَاد الشَّام

الشَّام القَدِيمَة

Damascus (the capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE)


آشور

ar-proper noun

آشُور • (ʔāšūr) m

آشُور (canonical)
ʔāšūr (romanization)
آشُور (definite diptote informal singular)
آشُورُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
آشُورَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
آشُورَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
آشُّور (alternative)

(historical) Assyria (an ancient Semitic Akkadian kingdom and at times an empire, extant from the mid-23rd century BCE to 608 BCE and centred on the Upper Tigris river in northern Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq, but at its maximum extent including parts of modern Iran, Syria, Israel, Palestine and Egypt))


بيروت

بَيْرُوت • (bayrūt) f

بَيْرُوت (canonical)
bayrūt (romanization)
بَيْرُوت (definite diptote informal singular)
بَيْرُوتُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بَيْرُوتَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بَيْرُوتَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Cypriot Arabic: Verút

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܒܲܝܪܘܼܬ (bayrūt)

→ Azerbaijani: Beyrut

→ Bashkir: Бәйрүт (Bəyrüt)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बैरूत (bairūt)

Urdu: بَیرُوت (bairūt)

→ Marathi: बैरूत (bairūt)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بیروت (Beyrût)

Turkish: Beyrut

→ Persian: بیروت (beyrut)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬੈਰੂਤ (bairūt)

Shahmukhi script: بَیرُوت (bairūt)

→ Sindhi: بيروت

→ Tatar: Бәйрут (Bäyrut)

→ Uyghur: بەيرۇت (beyrut)

→ Uzbek: Bayrut


تل العمارنة

ar-proper noun

تَلّ العَمَارْنَة

تَلّ العَمَارْنَة • (tall al-ʕamārna) m

تَلّ العَمَارْنَة (canonical)
tall al-ʕamārna (romanization)

Tel el-Amarna (an archaeological site in Egypt)


بعلبك

بَعْلَبَكّ • (baʕlabakk) f

بَعْلَبَكّ (canonical)
baʕlabakk (romanization)
بَعْلَبَكّ (definite diptote informal singular)
بَعْلَبَكُّ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بَعْلَبَكَّ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بَعْلَبَكَّ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Azerbaijani: Bələbək

desc

→ Chagatai: بَعْلَبَک

→ Chagatai: بَعْلَبَک

Uyghur: بەئلەبەك (be'lebek)

Uzbek: Baʼlabak

→ Ottoman Turkish: بعلبك (Baʿlebekk)

Turkish: Balebek

→ Punjabi: بَعْلَبَک (baʻlabak)

→ Persian: بعلبک (ba'labakk)

→ Tajik: Баълабак (Ba'labak)

→ Urdu: بَعْلَبَک (baʿlabak)

Debated. Related to بَعْل (baʕl, “lord”).

unknown

Debated

Baalbek-Hermel Governorate
Baalbek-Hermel Governorate#English

Baalbek (the capital city of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon)


الإسكندرية

ar-proper noun

الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة

الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة • (al-ʔiskandariyya) f

الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة (canonical)
al-ʔiskandariyya (romanization)
الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

إِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة

→ Azerbaijani: İsgəndəriyyə

→ Bashkir: Искәндәриә (İskəndəriə)

desc

→ Chagatai: اسکندریه

→ Chagatai: اسکندریه

Uzbek: Iskandariya

→ Ottoman Turkish: اسكندریه

Turkish: İskenderiye

→ Persian: اسکندریه

→ Persian: اسکندریه

ইস্কান্দরিয়া

→ Bengali: ইস্কান্দরিয়া (iskandoriẏa)

→ Gujarati: ઇસ્કંદરિયા (iskandriyā)

اِسکَندَرِیَہ

→ Punjabi: اِسکَندَرِیَہ (īskandariyah)

اِسکَندَرِیَہ

→ Urdu: اِسکَندَرِیَہ

→ Urdu: اِسکَندَرِیَہ

From Ancient Greek Ἀλεξάνδρεια (Alexándreia), full name Ἀλεξάνδρεια ἡ κατ’ Αἴγυπτον (Alexándreia hē kat’ Aígupton, “Alexandria in Egypt”), with initial Ἀλ- (Al-) reanalyzed as the Arabic definite article, metathesis of ξ /ks/ to /sk/ and the ending -εια (-eia) (pronounced /ia/ in Koine Greek) assimilated to the common Arabic feminine adjectival ending ـِيَّة (-iyya).

ar:الإسكندرية

Alexandria (a city in Virginia, United States)


سمرقند

ar-proper noun

سَمَرْقَنْد • (samarqand) f

سَمَرْقَنْد (canonical)
samarqand (romanization)
سَمَرْقَنْد (definite diptote informal singular)
سَمَرْقَنْدُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
سَمَرْقَنْدَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
سَمَرْقَنْدَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

سَمَرْقَنْد:di

Samarkand (a city in eastern Uzbekistan)


بولاق

ar-proper noun

بُولَاق • (būlāq) m

بُولَاق (canonical)
būlāq (romanization)


التبت

اَلتِّبِت (canonical)
at-tibit (romanization)


موسكو

مُوسْكُو • (muskū, mūskū, mōskū, mōskō) f

مُوسْكُو (canonical)
muskū (romanization)
mūskū (romanization)
mōskū (romanization)
mōskō (romanization)
مُوسْكُو (definite informal invariable singular)
مُوسْكُو (definite invariable nominative singular)
مُوسْكُو (accusative definite invariable singular)
مُوسْكُو (definite genitive invariable singular)


جمهورية مصر العربية

جُمْهُورِيَّة مِصْر الْعَرَبِيَّة

جُمْهُورِيَّة مِصْر الْعَرَبِيَّة • (jumhūriyyat miṣr al-ʿarabiyya) f

جُمْهُورِيَّة مِصْر الْعَرَبِيَّة (canonical)
jumhūriyyat miṣr al-ʿarabiyya (romanization)
جُمْهُورِيَّة مِصْر الْعَرَبِيَّة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
جُمْهُورِيَّةُ مِصْرَ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
جُمْهُورِيَّةَ مِصْرَ الْعَرَبِيَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
جُمْهُورِيَّةِ مِصْرَ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

جُمْهُورِيَّة

Arab Republic of Egypt
Arab Republic of Egypt#English:_Q79

Arab Republic of Egypt (official name of Egypt: a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


إيطاليا

ar-proper noun

إِيطَالِيَا • (ʔīṭāliyā) f

إِيطَالِيَا (canonical)
ʔīṭāliyā (romanization)
إِيطَالِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
إِيطَالِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
إِيطَالِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
إِيطَالِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
إِيطَالِيَة (alternative)
إِطَالِيَة (alternative obsolete)


أفغانستان

أَفْغَانِسْتَان

أَفْغَانِسْتَان • (ʔafḡānistān) f

أَفْغَانِسْتَان (canonical)
ʔafḡānistān (romanization)
أَفْغَانِسْتَان (definite informal singular triptote)
أَفْغَانِسْتَانٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
أَفْغَانِسْتَانًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
أَفْغَانِسْتَانٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

أَفْغَانِسْتَان

Borrowed from Classical Persian اَفْغَانِسْتَان (afġānistān).

bor+

اَفْغَانِسْتَان

Afghanistan (a landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


أندورا

ar-proper noun

أَنْدُورَا • (ʔandūrā) f

أَنْدُورَا (canonical)
ʔandūrā (romanization)

Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


أنغولا

أَنْغُولَا • (ʔanḡōlā) f

أَنْغُولَا (canonical)
ʔanḡōlā (romanization)


يريفان

يِرِيفَان • (yirifān) m

يِرِيفَان (canonical)
yirifān (romanization)


بكين

بِكِين (canonical)
bikīn (romanization)
pikīn (romanization)

Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)
ar:بكين

Ultimately from the Nanking court dialect Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng), from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/. Compare English Peking, French Pékin, Persian پکن (pekan), Portuguese Pequim and Russian Пеки́н (Pekín).


طوكيو

طُوكِيُو • (ṭūkiyū) f

طُوكِيُو (canonical)
ṭūkiyū (romanization)
طُوكِيُو (definite informal invariable singular)
طُوكِيُو (definite invariable nominative singular)
طُوكِيُو (accusative definite invariable singular)
طُوكِيُو (definite genitive invariable singular)

ja-r

東京(とうきょう) (Tōkyō)

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan)


واشنطن

ar-proper noun

وَاشِنْطُن • (wāšinṭun) f

وَاشِنْطُن (canonical)
wāšinṭun (romanization)
وَاشِنْطُن (definite diptote informal singular)
وَاشِنْطُنُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
وَاشِنْطُنَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
وَاشِنْطُنَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

وَاشِنْطُن:di

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

Washington, Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)

Washington State
Washington State#English

Washington, Washington State (a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States)


الرباط

ar-proper noun

الرِّبَاط or الرَّبَاط • (ar-ribāṭ or ar-rabāṭ) f

الرِّبَاط (canonical)
الرَّبَاط (canonical)
ar-ribāṭ (romanization)
ar-rabāṭ (romanization)
الرِّبَاط (definite informal singular triptote)
الرَّبَاط (definite informal singular triptote)
الرِّبَاطُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الرَّبَاطُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الرِّبَاطَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الرَّبَاطَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الرِّبَاطِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
الرَّبَاطِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Rabat (the capital city of Morocco, and capital city of the region of Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco)


مسقط

ar:مسقط
ar:مسقط (عمان)

مَسْقَط • (masqaṭ) f

مَسْقَط (canonical)
masqaṭ (romanization)
مَسْقَط (definite informal singular triptote)
مَسْقَطٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
مَسْقَطًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
مَسْقَطٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)


أبوظبي

أَبُوظَبْي • (ʔabūẓaby) f

أَبُوظَبْي (canonical)
ʔabūẓaby (romanization)

أَبُو ظَبْي
أبو ظبي#Arabic

alternative spelling of أَبُو ظَبْي (ʔabū ẓaby): Abu Dhabi (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates; the capital of Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates)

أَبُو ظَبْي

أَبُو ظَبْي
أبو ظبي#Arabic

alternative spelling of أَبُو ظَبْي (ʔabū ẓaby): Abu Dhabi (an emirate of the United Arab Emirates)


دمشق

دِمَشْق • (dimašq) f

دِمَشْق (canonical)
dimašq (romanization)
دِمَشْق (definite diptote informal singular)
دِمَشْقُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
دِمَشْقَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
دِمَشْقَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

دِمَشْق القَدِيمَة


طرابلس

طَرَابُلُس • (ṭarābulus) f

طَرَابُلُس (canonical)
ṭarābulus (romanization)
طَرَابُلُس (definite diptote informal singular)
طَرَابُلُسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
طَرَابُلُسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
طَرَابُلُسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
أَطْرَابُلُس (alternative Arabic Medieval)

→ Azerbaijani: Tərabülüs

desc

→ Classical Persian: طَرَابُلُس (tarābulus)

→ Hausa: Tarabulus

→ Ottoman Turkish: طرابلس (tarabülüs)

→ Urdu: طرابلس (tarābulus)

→ Uyghur: تەرابۇلۇس (terabulus)

→ Uzbek: Tarobulus

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Τρίπολις (Trípolis).


الخرطوم

ar-proper noun

الْخُرْطُوم • (al-ḵurṭūm) f

الْخُرْطُوم (canonical)
al-ḵurṭūm (romanization)
الْخُرْطُوم (definite informal singular triptote)
الْخُرْطُومُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْخُرْطُومَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْخُرْطُومِ (definite genitive singular triptote)


موريتانيا

مُورِيتَانِيَا

مُورِيتَانِيَا • (mūrītāniyā) f

مُورِيتَانِيَا (canonical)
mūrītāniyā (romanization)
مُورِيتَانِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
مُورِيتَانِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
مُورِيتَانِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
مُورِيتَانِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

ar-decl-noun

مُورِيتَانِيَا

ar:موريتانيا


نواكشوط

ar-proper noun

نُوَاكْشُوط or نَوَاكْشُوط • (nuwākšuṭ or nawākšuṭ) f

نُوَاكْشُوط (canonical)
نَوَاكْشُوط (canonical)
nuwākšuṭ (romanization)
nawākšuṭ (romanization)
نُوَاكْشُوط (definite informal singular triptote)
نَوَاكْشُوط (definite informal singular triptote)
نُوَاكْشُوطٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
نَوَاكْشُوطٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
نُوَاكْشُوطًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
نَوَاكْشُوطًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
نُوَاكْشُوطٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)
نَوَاكْشُوطٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

نُوَاكْشُوط/nuwākšuṭ

نَوَاكْشُوط/nawākšuṭ

Ultimately from Berber, meaning “place of the winds”.

Nouakchott (the capital city of Mauritania)


صنعاء

ar-proper noun

صَنْعَاء • (ṣanʕāʔ) f

صَنْعَاء (canonical)
ṣanʕāʔ (romanization)
صَنْعَاء (definite diptote informal singular)
صَنْعَاءُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
صَنْعَاءَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
صَنْعَاءَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Azerbaijani: Səna

→ English: Sanaa

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: صنعا (san'a)
Turkish: San'a

→ Persian: صنعا (san'â)

Tajik: Санъо (San'o)

→ Tatar: Сәнга (Sänga)

From Old South Arabian 𐩮𐩬𐩲𐩥 (ṣnʿw); 𐩮𐩬𐩲 (ṣnʿ) is also found as a town-name. Both are of trivial derivation from 𐩮𐩬𐩲 (ṣnʿ, “to work, to work upon, to fortify”) cognate to Arabic صَنَعَ (ṣanaʕa).

Sanaa (the capital and largest city of Yemen)


اليمن

اَلْيَمَن (canonical)
al-yaman (romanization)
الْيَمَن (definite informal singular triptote)
الْيَمَنُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْيَمَنَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْيَمَنِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Related to يَمِين (yamīn, “right (side)”); originally, denoted the south, as it was the cardinal direction to one's right when facing the sun. It's one of the Arabic country names which requires the definite article اَل (al-).


الدوحة

ar-proper noun

الدَّوْحَة • (ad-dawḥa) f

الدَّوْحَة (canonical)
ad-dawḥa (romanization)
الدَّوْحَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
الدَّوْحَةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
الدَّوْحَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
الدَّوْحَةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

From the definite form of دَوْحَة (dawḥa).


المنامة

الْمَنَامَة • (al-manāma) f

الْمَنَامَة (canonical)
al-manāma (romanization)
الْمَنَامَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
الْمَنَامَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
الْمَنَامَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
الْمَنَامَةِ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)


السودان

السُّودَان • (as-sūdān) m

السُّودَان (canonical)
as-sūdān (romanization)
السُّودَان (definite informal singular triptote)
السُّودَانُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
السُّودَانَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
السُّودَانِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

From سودان (sūdān) + ال (al-). Historically, the term was used to refer to Black Africa (Sub-Saharan region) in general, as the root word سُود (sūd) means "Blacks". It's one of the Arabic country names, which requires the definite article ال (al-).

Sudan (a country in North Africa and East Africa)


تشاد

تْشَاد • (tšād) f


جيبوتي

جِيبُوتِي • (jībūtī) f

جِيبُوتِي (canonical)
jībūtī (romanization)


سورية

سُورِيَة • (sūriya) f

سُورِيَة (canonical)
sūriya (romanization)

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


الصومال

الصُّومَال • (aṣ-ṣūmāl) m

الصُّومَال (canonical)
aṣ-ṣūmāl (romanization)
الصُّومَال (definite informal singular triptote)
الصُّومَالُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الصُّومَالَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الصُّومَالِ (definite genitive singular triptote)


أسمرة

أَسْمَرَة • (ʔasmara) f

أَسْمَرَة (canonical)
ʔasmara (romanization)
أَسْمَرَة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
أَسْمَرَةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
أَسْمَرَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
أَسْمَرَةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

أَسْمَرَا أسمرا#Arabic

alternative spelling of أَسْمَرَا (ʔasmarā, “Asmara (the capital city of Eritrea)”)


نجامينا

نِجَامِينَا • (nijamīnā) f

نِجَامِينَا (canonical)
nijamīnā (romanization)


إنجامينا

إِنْجَامِينَا

إِنْجَامِينَا • (ʾinjamīnā) f

إِنْجَامِينَا (canonical)
ʾinjamīnā (romanization)


الصحراء الغربية

الصَّحْرَاء الْغَرْبِيَّة

الصَّحْرَاء الْغَرْبِيَّة • (aṣ-ṣaḥrāʔ al-ḡarbiyya) f

الصَّحْرَاء الْغَرْبِيَّة (canonical)
aṣ-ṣaḥrāʔ al-ḡarbiyya (romanization)
الصَّحْرَاء الْغَرْبِيَّة (definite diptote informal singular)
الصَّحْرَاءُ الْغَرْبِيَّةُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
الصَّحْرَاءَ الْغَرْبِيَّةَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
الصَّحْرَاءِ الْغَرْبِيَّةِ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Western Sahara
Western Sahara#English:_Q6250

Western Sahara (a territory and former Spanish colony in North Africa, now mostly occupied by Morocco, which claims ownership over the territory)

ar:الصحراء الغربية


برلين

بَرْلِين • (barlīn) f

بَرْلِين (canonical)
barlīn (romanization)
بَرْلِين (definite diptote informal singular)
بَرْلِينُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بَرْلِينَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بَرْلِينَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)


مدريد

مَدْرِيد • (madrīd) f

مَدْرِيد (canonical)
madrīd (romanization)
مَدْرِيد (definite diptote informal singular)
مَدْرِيدُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
مَدْرِيدَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
مَدْرِيدَ (definite diptote genitive singular)


أوكرانيا

أُوكْرَانِيَا

أُوكْرَانِيَا • (ʔukrāniyā) f

أُوكْرَانِيَا (canonical)
ʔukrāniyā (romanization)
أُوكْرَانِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
أُوكْرَانِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
أُوكْرَانِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
أُوكْرَانِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
أُكْرَانْيَا (alternative)

ar-decl-noun

أُوكْرَانِيَا

Internationalism, ultimately from Old East Slavic оукраина (ukraina).

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


بيلاروسيا

ar-proper noun

بِيلَارُوسِيَا

بِيلَارُوسِيَا • (bīlārūsiyā) f

بِيلَارُوسِيَا (canonical)
bīlārūsiyā (romanization)
بِيلَارُوسِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
بِيلَارُوسِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
بِيلَارُوسِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
بِيلَارُوسِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

ar-decl-noun

بِيلَارُوسِيَا

Internationalism, ultimately from Russian Белоруссия (Belorussija).

ar:روسيا البيضاء


سيئول

ar-proper noun

سِيئُول • (siʾūl) m

سِيئُول (canonical)
siʾūl (romanization)


سيول

سِيُول • (siyūl) f


مقديشو

مَقَدِيشُو or مَقْدِيشُو • (maqadīšū or maqdīšū) f

مَقَدِيشُو (canonical)
مَقْدِيشُو (canonical)
maqadīšū (romanization)
maqdīšū (romanization)
مَقَدِيشُو (definite informal invariable singular)
مَقْدِيشُو (definite informal invariable singular)
مَقَدِيشُو (definite invariable nominative singular)
مَقْدِيشُو (definite invariable nominative singular)
مَقَدِيشُو (accusative definite invariable singular)
مَقْدِيشُو (accusative definite invariable singular)
مَقَدِيشُو (definite genitive invariable singular)
مَقْدِيشُو (definite genitive invariable singular)

From Persian مقعد (maq'ad, “seat”) + شاه (šâh, “shah”), "seat of the Shah."


مكة

مَكَّة (canonical)
makka (romanization)
مَكَّة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
مَكَّةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
مَكَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
مَكَّةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܲܟܵܐ (Makkā)

→ Azerbaijani: Məkkə

→ Bashkir: Мәккә (Məkkə)

→ Bengali: মক্কা (Mokka)

→ English: Mecca

→ Malay: Mekah

Ottoman Turkish: مكه (Mekke)

Turkish: Mekke

→ Persian: مکه (Makke)

→ Swahili: Makka

Of uncertain etymology. Variously explained as
* From a similar name بَكَّة (bakka) appearing in the Quran
* Possibly from Ge'ez ምኵራብ (məkʷrab, “sanctuary, temple”), doublet of مِحْرَاب (miḥrāb); compare Greek Μακοράβα (Makoráva).

bor

مَكَّة الْمُكَرَّمَة

وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِي كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنْكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُمْ بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ مِنْ بَعْدِ أَنْ أَظْفَرَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَانَ ٱللّٰهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرًا

And it is He who withheld their hands from you and your hands from them within [the area of] Makkah after He caused you to overcome them. And ever is Allah of what you do, Seeing.

wa-huwa llaḏī kaffa ʔaydiyahum ʕankum wa-ʔaydiyakum ʕanhum bi-baṭni makkata min baʕdi ʔan ʔaẓfarakum ʕalayhim wa-kāna llāhu bi-mā taʕmalūna baṣīran


عدن

ar-proper noun

عَدَن • (ʕadan) m

عَدَن (canonical)
ʕadan (romanization)
عَدَن (definite diptote informal singular)
عَدَنُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
عَدَنَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
عَدَنَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

The sense “Eden” is a borrowing from Biblical Hebrew עֵדֶן (ʿḗden). The meaning “to stay, to remain” appears to be denominal verb of عِدَّان (ʕiddān, “set time; set place of staying”), with it of use particular to Bedouins, only the meaning “to strike” the original Arabic meaning, whence transferred “to break up the soil to manure”.

denominal verb

Aden (a port city, the largest city in Yemen; the former capital of South Yemen)


السويس

ar-proper noun

اَلسُّوَيْس • (as-suways) m

اَلسُّوَيْس (canonical)
as-suways (romanization)

Suez (a port city, the capital city of Suez governorate, Egypt)


كابل

كَابُل • (kābul) f

كَابُل (canonical)
kābul (romanization)
كَابُل (definite diptote informal singular)
كَابُلُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
كَابُلَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
كَابُلَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
كَابُول (alternative)

From Persian کابل (kâbol), from Pashto کابل (kâbël).


العيون

اَلْعَيُون • (al-ʕayūn) m

اَلْعَيُون (canonical)
al-ʕayūn (romanization)

Laayoune (the capital and largest city of Western Sahara)


نيودلهي

نِيُودِلْهِي

نِيُودِلْهِي • (niyūdilhī) f

نِيُودِلْهِي (canonical)
niyūdilhī (romanization)


جاكرتا

جَاكَرْتَا • (jākartā) f

جَاكَرْتَا (canonical)
jākartā (romanization)


كوالا لمبور

كُوَالَا لُمْبُور

كُوَالَا لُمْبُور • (kuwālā lumbūr) f

كُوَالَا لُمْبُور (canonical)
kuwālā lumbūr (romanization)

ar:كوالا لمبور

Kuala Lumpur (the capital city of Malaysia)

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory of Malaysia)


بنغلاديش

بَنْغِلَادِيش

بَنْغِلَادِيش • (banḡlādīš, banḡlādēš) f

بَنْغِلَادِيش (canonical)
banḡlādīš (romanization)
banḡlādēš (romanization)
بَنْجْلَادِيش (alternative)


تطوان

تِطْوَان or تَطْوَان • (tiṭwān or taṭwān) f

تِطْوَان (canonical)
تَطْوَان (canonical)
tiṭwān (romanization)
taṭwān (romanization)
تِطْوَان (definite diptote informal singular)
تَطْوَان (definite diptote informal singular)
تِطْوَانُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
تَطْوَانُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
تِطْوَانَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
تَطْوَانَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
تِطْوَانَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
تَطْوَانَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ French: Tétouan

→ Portuguese: Tetuão

→ Spanish: Tetuán

From Berber ⵜⵉⵟⵟⴰⵡⵉⵏ (tiṭṭawin, “eyes”). Doublet of تَطَاوِين (taṭāwīn).

Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima
Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima#English

Tétouan (a city in Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco)


تالين

تَالِين • (tālīn) f

تَالِين (canonical)
tālīn (romanization)


حمص

حِمْص • (ḥimṣ) f

حِمْص (canonical)
ḥimṣ (romanization)
حِمْص (definite diptote informal singular)
حِمْصُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
حِمْصَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
حِمْصَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Ancient Greek: Χέμψ (Khémps)

→ Ottoman Turkish: حمص (Hıms)

From جُنْد حِمْص, “the military district or legion of Ḥims”, from Ancient Greek Ἔμεσᾰ (Émesă), descendant of Aramaic חֲמָת (ḥamāth, “fortress”, literally “frustration, hindrance”) + צובָא (ṣōwḇā, “near, surrounding, station”).


حلب

ar-proper noun

حَلَب • (ḥalab) f

حَلَب (canonical)
ḥalab (romanization)
حَلَب (definite diptote informal singular)
حَلَبُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
حَلَبَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
حَلَبَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Avar: Хӏалаб (Ḥʳalab)

→ Azerbaijani: Hələb

→ Bengali: হলব (holob)

→ Chagatai: حلب

Uyghur: ھەلەب (heleb)

Uzbek: Halab

→ Central Kurdish: حەلەب (ḧeleb)

→ Chechen: Хьалаб (Ḥʳalab)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हलब (halab)

Urdu: حَلَب (halab)

→ Northern Kurdish: Heleb

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: حلب (Haleb, vulg. Halep)
Turkish: Halep
→ Albanian: Halepi
→ Armenian: Հալեպ (Halep)
→ Greek: Χαλέπι (Chalépi)
→ French: Alep
→ Italian: Aleppo
→ Danish: Aleppo
→ Dutch: Aleppo
→ English: Aleppo
→ Finnish: Aleppo
→ German: Aleppo
→ Norwegian: Aleppo
→ Polish: Aleppo
→ Russian: Алеппо (Aleppo)
→ Swedish: Aleppo
→ Ukrainian: Алеппо (Aleppo)

→ Pashto: حلب (haláb)

→ Persian: حلب (halab)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਹਲਬ (halab)

Shahmukhi script: حَلَب (ḥalab)

→ Sindhi: حلب

→ Turkmen: Halap

Perhaps from the root ح ل ب (ḥ l b), coming from the ancient tradition that Abraham gave milk to travelers as they moved throughout the region.

ar-root

ح ل ب (ḥ l b)

Aleppo (the capital city of Aleppo governorate, Syria)


الهلال الخصيب

ar-proper noun

الْهِلَال الْخَصِيب

الْهِلَال الْخَصِيب • (al-hilāl al-ḵaṣīb) m

الْهِلَال الْخَصِيب (canonical)
al-hilāl al-ḵaṣīb (romanization)
الْهِلَال الْخَصِيب (definite informal singular triptote)
الْهِلَالُ الْخَصِيبُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْهِلَالَ الْخَصِيبَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْهِلَالِ الْخَصِيبِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
هِلَال الْخَصِيب (alternative)

Fertile Crescent
Fertile Crescent#English:_Q170526

(historical) Fertile Crescent (a crescent-shaped geographic region of fertile land in the Middle East in Western Asia, stretching from present-day Iraq through eastern Turkey to Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and Palestine)


صيدا

صَيْدَا • (Ṣaydā) f

صَيْدَا (canonical)
Ṣaydā (romanization)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: صیدا (Sayda)
Turkish: Sayda

French: Saïda

English: Saida, Saïda

From Classical Arabic صَيْدُون (ṣaydūn), from Classical Syriac ܨܰܝܕ݁ܳܢ (ṣaydon) from Phoenician 𐤑𐤉𐤃𐤅𐤍 (ṣydwn /ṣīdūn/). Cognate with Aramaic ܨܝܕܘܢ (ṣīdōn), Hebrew צִידוֹן (ṣīḏōn), Ancient Greek Σιδών (Sidṓn), Latin Sīdōn.

cog

Hebrew צִידוֹן (ṣīḏōn)

Saïda (a city in Lebanon), the ancient Sidon (a former city-state in Phoenicia)


ظهران

ar-proper noun

ظَهْرَان • (ẓahrān) f

ظَهْرَان (canonical)
ẓahrān (romanization)
ظَهْرَان (definite diptote informal singular)
ظَهْرَانُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
ظَهْرَانَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
ظَهْرَانَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

From ظ ه ر (ẓ h r) meaning to be in the center between two points, surrounded on each side.
The name of two cities in Saudi Arabia, one wedged between the important port cities of Dammam and al-Khobar; the other was a historically important site in a mountain-pass between Yemen.

ar-root

ظ ه ر (ẓ h r)

Eastern Province
Eastern Province#English

Dhahran (a city in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, a major center for the Saudi oil industry)


تايلاند

ar-proper noun

تَايْلَانْد • (tāyland) m

تَايْلَانْد (canonical)
tāyland (romanization)

تَايْلَنْد تايلند#Arabic

alternative form of تَايْلَنْد (tāyland): Thailand (a country in Southeast Asia)


اليونان

اَلْيُونَان • (al-yūnān) f

اَلْيُونَان (canonical)
al-yūnān (romanization)
الْيُونَان (definite informal singular triptote)
الْيُونَانُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْيُونَانَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْيُونَانِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἰωνία (Iōnía, “Ionia”), through Persian یونان (yunân). It’s one of the Arabic country names which require the definite article اَل (al-).


البرازيل

الْبَرَازِيل

الْبَرَازِيل • (al-barāzīl) f

الْبَرَازِيل (canonical)
al-barāzīl (romanization)
الْبَرَازِيل (definite diptote informal singular)
الْبَرَازِيلُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
الْبَرَازِيلَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
الْبَرَازِيلِ (definite diptote genitive singular)

From Portuguese Brasil. It's one of the Arabic country names that requires the definite article ال (al-).


غزة

غَزَّة • (ḡazza) f

غَزَّة (canonical)
ḡazza (romanization)
غَزَّة (ar-infl-a definite diptote informal singular)
غَزَّةُ (ar-infl-a definite diptote nominative singular)
غَزَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite diptote singular)
غَزَّةَ (ar-infl-a definite diptote genitive singular)

Attested in Egyptian and Akkadian, but ultimately of unknown origin. More at Biblical Hebrew עַזָּה (Ġazzā).

a. 1229, Yāqūt al-Ḥamawīy, edited by Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, كتاب معجم البلدان [kitāb muʿjam al-buldān], volume 3, Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, published 1868, page 799:

ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ شَمْشُونُ إِلَى غَزَّةَ، وَرَأَى هُنَاكَ ٱمْرَأَةً زَانِيَةً فَدَخَلَ إِلَيْهَا.

1865 CE, Bible (SVD), Book of Judges, 16:1:

Then went Samson to Gaza, and saw there a harlot, and went in unto her.

ṯumma ḏahaba šamšūnu ʔilā ḡazzata, wa-raʔā hunāka mraʔatan zāniyatan fa-daḵala ʔilayhā.

Gaza (a city in the Gaza Strip, Palestine, in the Levant)


أريكا

أَرِيكَا • (ʔarīkā) f

أَرِيكَا (canonical)
ʔarīkā (romanization)

Arica (a city, the provincial capital of Arica province, Chile)


إندونيسيا

إِنْدُونِيسِيَا

إِنْدُونِيسِيَا • (ʔindūnīsiyā) f

إِنْدُونِيسِيَا (canonical)
ʔindūnīsiyā (romanization)
إِنْدُونِيسِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
إِنْدُونِيسِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
إِنْدُونِيسِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
إِنْدُونِيسِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

ar-decl-noun

إِنْدُونِيسِيَا

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)

ar:إندونيسيا


الفلبين

ar-proper noun

الْفِلِبِّين

الْفِلِبِّين • (al-filibbīn) f

الْفِلِبِّين (canonical)
al-filibbīn (romanization)
الْفِلِبِّين (definite diptote informal singular)
الْفِلِبِّينُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
الْفِلِبِّينَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
الْفِلِبِّينِ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

فِلِبِّين:di

Borrowed from French Philippines, from Spanish Filipinas.

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


كندا

ar-proper noun

كَنَدَا • (kanadā) f

كَنَدَا (canonical)
kanadā (romanization)
كَنَدَا (definite informal invariable singular)
كَنَدَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
كَنَدَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
كَنَدَا (definite genitive invariable singular)


جناب

جَنَاب • (janāb) m

جَنَاب (canonical)
janāb (romanization)
جَنَاب (definite diptote informal singular)
جَنَابُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
جَنَابَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
جَنَابَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Borrowed from Urdu چَنَاب (canāb), ultimately from Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā).

وعوام الناس نهر راوي ونهر جناب ونهر هندوس

1972, Ḥasan Amīn, دائرة المعارف الإسلامية الشيعية, volume 9, page 381:

فلم يجد بدا من مفارقة وجهه فنهض في أواخر جمادی الاخرى ومعه اخوته وعبر نهر لوهور وسلك الطريق الى ان نزل على نهر جناب

1997, ʻAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʻUmar Ulughkhānī, Ẓafar al-wālih bi-Muẓaffar wa-ālihi fī tārīkh Kujarāt:

الدعاة المسلمين واسمه (بلبل) إلى كشمير، (1) ولاية كشمير الإسلامية ذات طبيعة جبلية، فيها سهلان في منطقة وادي جمو ووادي كشمير، كثيرة الأنهار. وأهم أنهارها نهر السند ونهر جليم ونهر جناب: وهي الأنهار التي تنساب إلى باكستان

2010, محمد عوض الهزايمة, قضايا دولية, page 246:


سمسم

سِمْسِم (canonical)
simsim (romanization)

Borrowed from Coptic ⲥⲓⲙⲥⲓⲙ (simsim). Compare Classical Syriac ܫܘܫܡܐ (šūšmāʾ, šuššəmāʾ).

cog

šūšmāʾ, šuššəmāʾ

Simsim, Semsem (a former village in what is now Israel)


كنيسة

ar-noun

كَنِيسَة • (kanīsa) f (plural كَنَائِس (kanāʔis))

كَنِيسَة (canonical)
kanīsa (romanization)
كَنَائِس (plural)
كَنِيسَة (ar-infl-a indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْكَنِيسَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
كَنِيسَة (ar-infl-a construct informal singular triptote)
كَنِيسَةٌ (ar-infl-a indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْكَنِيسَةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
كَنِيسَةُ (ar-infl-a construct nominative singular triptote)
كَنِيسَةً (accusative ar-infl-a indefinite singular triptote)
الْكَنِيسَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
كَنِيسَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a construct singular triptote)
كَنِيسَةٍ (ar-infl-a genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْكَنِيسَةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)
كَنِيسَةِ (ar-infl-a construct genitive singular triptote)
كَنِيسَتَيْن (ar-infl-a dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْكَنِيسَتَيْن (ar-infl-a definite dual informal singular triptote)
كَنِيسَتَيْ (ar-infl-a construct dual informal singular triptote)
كَنِيسَتَانِ (ar-infl-a dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْكَنِيسَتَانِ (ar-infl-a definite dual nominative singular triptote)
كَنِيسَتَا (ar-infl-a construct dual nominative singular triptote)
كَنِيسَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْكَنِيسَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a definite dual singular triptote)
كَنِيسَتَيْ (accusative ar-infl-a construct dual singular triptote)
كَنِيسَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْكَنِيسَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a definite dual genitive singular triptote)
كَنِيسَتَيْ (ar-infl-a construct dual genitive singular triptote)
كَنَائِس (broken-form diptote indefinite informal plural)
الْكَنَائِس (broken-form definite diptote informal plural)
كَنَائِس (broken-form construct diptote informal plural)
كَنَائِسُ (broken-form diptote indefinite nominative plural)
الْكَنَائِسُ (broken-form definite diptote nominative plural)
كَنَائِسُ (broken-form construct diptote nominative plural)
كَنَائِسَ (accusative broken-form diptote indefinite plural)
الْكَنَائِسَ (accusative broken-form definite diptote plural)
كَنَائِسَ (accusative broken-form construct diptote plural)
كَنَائِسَ (broken-form diptote genitive indefinite plural)
الْكَنَائِسِ (broken-form definite diptote genitive plural)
كَنَائِسِ (broken-form construct diptote genitive plural)

Egyptian Arabic: كنيسة (kinīsa)

Maltese: knisja

desc

Moroccan Arabic: كنيسية (knīsiyya), كنيسة (knīsa)

South Levantine Arabic: كنيسة (kanīse)

Tunisian Arabic: كنيسية (knīsiyya)

desctree

→ Swahili: kanisa
→ Kikuyu: kanitha
→ Luganda: ekkanisa

→ Malay: kanisah

Indonesian: kanisah, kenisah

From the root ك ن س (k n s), referring to congregation and sweeping together. Compare the Hebrew root כ־נ־ס (k-n-s), whence Hebrew כְּנֶסֶת (knéset). Apparently, however, the sense of synagogue is a semantic loan from Aramaic כְּנִישְׁתָּא (kənīštā), כְּנִישָׁא (kənīšā), from the root כ־נ־שׁ (k-n-š), to which the Christian sense was added later.

sl

כְּנִישְׁתָּא

a. 1000, المقدسي, edited by Michael Jan de Goeje, أحسن التقاسيم في معرفة الأقاليم [ʾaḥsan at-taqāsīm fī maʿrifa al-ʾaqālīm] (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 3), Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1877, 1906, page 44 line 15:

a. 1000, المقدسي, edited by Michael Jan de Goeje, أحسن التقاسيم في معرفة الأقاليم [ʾaḥsan at-taqāsīm fī maʿrifa al-ʾaqālīm] (Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum; 3), Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1877, 1906, page 134 line 3:

(obsolete) a kind of palanquin or litter in which the rider conceals himself


لوبيا

ar:لوبيا (فلسطين)
ar:لوبياء

ar-proper noun

لُوبِيَا • (lūbiyā) f

لُوبِيَا (canonical)
lūbiyā (romanization)


لتوانيا

لِتُوَانِيَا

لِتُوَانِيَا • (lituwāniyā) f

لِتُوَانِيَا (canonical)
lituwāniyā (romanization)
لِتُوَانِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
لِتُوَانِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
لِتُوَانِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
لِتُوَانِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

ar-decl-noun

لِتُوَانِيَا

Lithuania (a country in northeastern Europe)


بلغاريا

ar-proper noun

بُلْغَارِيَا

بَلْغَارِيَا

بُلْغَارِيَا or بَلْغَارِيَا • (bulḡāriyā or balḡāriyā) f

بُلْغَارِيَا (canonical)
بَلْغَارِيَا (canonical)
bulḡāriyā (romanization)
balḡāriyā (romanization)
بُلْغَارِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
بَلْغَارِيَا (definite informal invariable singular)
بُلْغَارِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
بَلْغَارِيَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
بُلْغَارِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
بَلْغَارِيَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
بُلْغَارِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)
بَلْغَارِيَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

ar-decl-noun

بُلْغَارِيَا

بَلْغَارِيَا

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


دبي

دُبَيّ (canonical)
dubayy (romanization)
دُبَيّ (definite diptote informal singular)
دُبَيُّ (definite diptote nominative singular)
دُبَيَّ (accusative definite diptote singular)
دُبَيَّ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Persian: دبی (dobey)

→ Tatar: Дөбәй (Döbäy)

→ Turkish: Dübey

→ Urdu: دُبَئی (duba'ī)

→ Uyghur: دۇبەي (dubey)

→ Uzbek: Dubay

Dubai (a city in the United Arab Emirates; the capital of Dubai emirate)

Dubai (an emirate of the United Arab Emirates)


أريحا

ar-proper noun

أَرِيحَا • (ʔarīḥā) f

أَرِيحَا (canonical)
ʔarīḥā (romanization)

Jericho (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


قندهار

قَنْدَهَار • (qandahār) f

قَنْدَهَار (canonical)
qandahār (romanization)
قَنْدَهَار (definite informal singular triptote)
قَنْدَهَارٌ (definite nominative singular triptote)
قَنْدَهَارًا (accusative definite singular triptote)
قَنْدَهَارٍ (definite genitive singular triptote)

Kandahar (the capital city of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan)


وان

وَان • (wān) ?

Van (the capital city of Van Province, Turkey)


رواندا

رُوَانْدَا • (ruwāndā) f

رُوَانْدَا (canonical)
ruwāndā (romanization)


بوتان

بُوتَان • (būtān) f

بُوتَان (canonical)
būtān (romanization)

Bhutan (a country in South Asia, in the Himalayas)


تدمر

تَدْمُر (canonical)
tadmur (romanization)

Palmyra, an ancient city in the Syrian Desert, in present-day central Syria, recorded historically from around 2000 BCE.


المملكة المغربية

اَلْمَمْلَكَة اَلْمَغْرِبِيَّة

اَلْمَمْلَكَة اَلْمَغْرِبِيَّة • (al-mamlaka l-maḡribiyya) f

اَلْمَمْلَكَة اَلْمَغْرِبِيَّة (canonical)
al-mamlaka l-maḡribiyya (romanization)
الْمَمْلَكَة الْمَغْرِبِيَّة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
الْمَمْلَكَةُ الْمَغْرِبِيَّةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
الْمَمْلَكَةَ الْمَغْرِبِيَّةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
الْمَمْلَكَةِ الْمَغْرِبِيَّةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

مَغْرِبِيَّة

Kingdom of Morocco
Kingdom of Morocco#English:_Q1028

Kingdom of Morocco (official name of Morocco: a country in North Africa)


بربر

بَرْبَر (canonical)
barbar (romanization)
بَرْبَر (definite diptote informal singular)
بَرْبَرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بَرْبَرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بَرْبَرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar:أمازيغ
ar:بربر (مدينة)


نيوأورليانز

ar-proper noun

نْيُوأُورْلِيَانْزْ

نْيُوأُورْلِيَانْزْ • (nyūʔūrliyānz) f

نْيُوأُورْلِيَانْزْ (canonical)
nyūʔūrliyānz (romanization)

New Orleans (a city in Louisiana, United States)


كابول

كَابُول • (kābūl) f

كَابُول (canonical)
kābūl (romanization)
كَابُول (definite diptote informal singular)
كَابُولُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
كَابُولَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
كَابُولَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

كَابُل كابل#Arabic

alternative spelling of كَابُل (kābul, “Kabul (the capital city of Afghanistan)”)


تيرانا

تِيرَانَا • (tīrānā) f

تِيرَانَا (canonical)
tīrānā (romanization)

Tirana (the capital and largest city of Albania)


أندورا لا فيلا

أَنْدُورَا لَا فِيلَا

أَنْدُورَا لَا فِيلَا • (ʾandōrā lā vēlā) f

أَنْدُورَا لَا فِيلَا (canonical)
ʾandōrā lā vēlā (romanization)

Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella#English

Andorra la Vella (the capital city of Andorra)


لواندا

لُوَانْدَا • (luwāndā) f

لُوَانْدَا (canonical)
luwāndā (romanization)


سانت جونز

سَانْت جُونْز

سَانْت جُونْز • (sānt jōnz) f

سَانْت جُونْز (canonical)
sānt jōnz (romanization)

Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador#English

Saint John's (the capital city of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada)


بوينس آيرس

بُوَيْنُس آيْرِس

بُوَيْنُس آيْرِس • (buwēnus ʾāyris) f

بُوَيْنُس آيْرِس (canonical)
buwēnus ʾāyris (romanization)

Buenos Aires (the capital city of Argentina)


فيينا

فِيِينَا • (fiyīnā) f

فِيِينَا (canonical)
fiyīnā (romanization)


باكو

بَاكُو • (bākū) f


ناسو

نَاسَو • (nāsaw) f

Nassau (the capital city of the Bahamas)


دكا

دَكَا • (dakā) f

دَكَا (canonical)
dakā (romanization)
دَكَا (definite informal invariable singular)
دَكَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
دَكَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
دَكَا (definite genitive invariable singular)


بريدجتاون

بْرِيدْجْتَاوْن

بْرِيدْجْتَاوْن • (brīdjtāwn) f

بْرِيدْجْتَاوْن (canonical)
brīdjtāwn (romanization)

Bridgetown (the capital city of Barbados)


مينسك

مِينْسْك • (mīnsk) f

مِينْسْك (canonical)
mīnsk (romanization)


بروكسل

بْرُوكْسِل (canonical)
brūksil (romanization)
broksel (romanization)
بْرُوكْسِل (definite diptote informal singular)
بْرُوكْسِل (definite diptote informal singular)
بْرُوكْسِلُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بْرُوكْسِلُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بْرُوكْسِلَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بْرُوكْسِلَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بْرُوكْسِلَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
بْرُوكْسِلَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

بْرُوكْسِل:di


بليز

ar-proper noun

بِلِيز • (bilīz) f

Belize (an English-speaking country in Central America, formerly called British Honduras)


بلموبان

بِلْمُوبَان • (belmōpān) f

بِلْمُوبَان (canonical)
belmōpān (romanization)


بورتو نوفو

بُورْتُو نُوفُو

بُورْتُو نُوفُو • (pōrtō nōvō) f

بُورْتُو نُوفُو (canonical)
pōrtō nōvō (romanization)

Porto-Novo (the official capital city of Benin)


تيمفو

تِيمْفُو • (tīmfū) f

تِيمْفُو (canonical)
tīmfū (romanization)


لاباز

لَابَاز • (lāpāz) f

لَابَاز (canonical)
lāpāz (romanization)


سراييفو

سَرَايِيفُو • (sarāyēvō) f

سَرَايِيفُو (canonical)
sarāyēvō (romanization)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Sarajevo (the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina)


غابورون

غَابُورُون • (ḡābōrōn) f

غَابُورُون (canonical)
ḡābōrōn (romanization)


برازيليا

بْرَازِيلِيَا

بْرَازِيلِيَا • (brāzīliyā) f

بْرَازِيلِيَا (canonical)
brāzīliyā (romanization)

Distrito Federal
Distrito Federal#English

Brasília (a municipality, the capital city of Brazil; the capital of Distrito Federal, Brazil)


بندر سري بكاوان

بَنْدَر سِرِي بِكَاوَان

بَنْدَر سِرِي بِكَاوَان • (bandar sirī bikāwān) f

بَنْدَر سِرِي بِكَاوَان (canonical)
bandar sirī bikāwān (romanization)

Bandar Seri Begawan
Bandar Seri Begawan#English

Bandar Seri Begawan (the capital city of Brunei)


واغادوغو

وَاغَادُوغُو

وَاغَادُوغُو • (wāḡādūḡū) f

وَاغَادُوغُو (canonical)
wāḡādūḡū (romanization)

Ouagadougou (the capital city of Burkina Faso)


بوجمبورا

بُوجُمْبُورَا

بُوجُمْبُورَا • (būjumbūrā) f

بُوجُمْبُورَا (canonical)
būjumbūrā (romanization)


بنوم بنه

بْنُوم بِنْه

بْنُوم بِنْه • (bnūm binh) f

بْنُوم بِنْه (canonical)
bnūm binh (romanization)

Phnom Penh (the capital city of Cambodia)


ياوندي

يَاوْنْدَي • (yāwndē) f

يَاوْنْدَي (canonical)
yāwndē (romanization)


أوتاوا

أُوتَاوَا • (ʾōtāwā) f

أُوتَاوَا (canonical)
ʾōtāwā (romanization)
أُوتَاوَا (definite informal invariable singular)
أُوتَاوَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
أُوتَاوَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
أُوتَاوَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

Ottawa (a city in Ontario, Canada; the capital city of Canada)


برايا

بْرَايَا • (brāyā) f

بْرَايَا (canonical)
brāyā (romanization)


بانغي

بَانْغِي • (bānḡī) f

بَانْغِي (canonical)
bānḡī (romanization)

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English

Bangui (the capital city of the Central African Republic)


جمهورية افريقيا الوسطى

جُمْهُورِيَّة إِفْرِيقِيَّا الْوُسْطَى

جُمْهُورِيَّة إِفْرِيقِيَّا الْوُسْطَى • (jumhūriyya(t) ʔifrīqiyyā l-wusṭā) f

جُمْهُورِيَّة إِفْرِيقِيَّا الْوُسْطَى (canonical)
t (romanization)

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English:_Q929

Central African Republic (a country in Central Africa)

en-جمهورية_افريقيا_الوسطى-ar-name-F0CrOuEr


سانتياغو

سَانْتِيَاغُو

سَانْتِيَاغُو • (sāntiyāḡū) f

سَانْتِيَاغُو (canonical)
sāntiyāḡū (romanization)


بوغوتا

بُوغُوتَا • (būḡōtā) f

بُوغُوتَا (canonical)
būḡōtā (romanization)


كولومبيا

كُولُومْبِيَا

كُولُومْبِيَا • (kolombiyā) f

كُولُومْبِيَا (canonical)
kolombiyā (romanization)


موروني

مُورُونِي • (mōrōnī) f

مُورُونِي (canonical)
mōrōnī (romanization)

Moroni (the capital city of the Comoros)


جزر القمر

جُزُر الْقُمُر

جُزُر الْقُمُر (canonical)
juzur al-qumur (romanization)
جُزُر الْقُمُر (definite diptote informal singular)
جُزُرُ الْقُمُرِ (definite diptote nominative singular)
جُزُرَ الْقُمُرِ (accusative definite diptote singular)
جُزُرِ الْقُمُرِ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Comoros (an archipelago and country in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of Eastern Africa)


كينشاسا

كِينْشَاسَا • (kīnšāsā) f

كِينْشَاسَا (canonical)
kīnšāsā (romanization)

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Kinshasa (the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية

جُمْهُورِيَّة اَلْكُونغُو اَلدِّيمُقْرَاطِيَّة • (jumhūriyyat al-kūnḡū d-dimuqrāṭiyya) f

jumhūriyyat al-kūnḡū d-dimuqrāṭiyya (romanization)

ar-decl-noun

جُمْهُورِيَّةٌ

دِيمُقْرَاطِيَّة

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English:_Q974

Democratic Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa, the larger of the two countries named Congo)

en-جمهورية_الكونغو_الديمقراطية-ar-name-95KCBFjb


برازافيل

ar-proper noun

بِرَازَاڤِيل

بِرَازَاڤِيل (canonical)

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English

Brazzaville (the capital city of the Republic of the Congo)


جمهورية الكونغو

جُمْهُورِيَّة الْكُونْغُو

جُمْهُورِيَّة الْكُونْغُو • (jumhūriyyat al-konḡō) f

جُمْهُورِيَّة الْكُونْغُو (canonical)
jumhūriyyat al-konḡō (romanization)
جُمْهُورِيَّة الْكُونْغُو (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
جُمْهُورِيَّةُ الْكُونْغُو (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
جُمْهُورِيَّةَ الْكُونْغُو (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
جُمْهُورِيَّةِ الْكُونْغُو (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

جُمْهُورِيَّة

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English:_Q971

Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa, the smaller of the two countries named Congo)

ar:جمهورية الكونغو


سان خوسيه

ar-proper noun

سَان خُوسِيه

سَان خُوسِيه • (sān ḵūsīh) m

سَان خُوسِيه (canonical)
sān ḵūsīh (romanization)

San José (the capital city of Costa Rica)


كوستاريكا

كُوسْتَارِيكَا

كُوسْتَارِيكَا • (kostarīkā) f

كُوسْتَارِيكَا (canonical)
kostarīkā (romanization)

Costa Rica (a country in Central America)

ar:كوستاريكا


ياموسوكرو

يَامُوسُوكْرَو

يَامُوسُوكْرَو • (yāmūsūkrō) f

يَامُوسُوكْرَو (canonical)
yāmūsūkrō (romanization)

Yamoussoukro (the official and administrative capital of Ivory Coast)


أبيدجان

أَبِيدْجَان • (ʔabīdjān) f

أَبِيدْجَان (canonical)
ʔabīdjān (romanization)

Abidjan (the de facto capital and largest city of Ivory Coast)


كوت ديفوار

كُوت دِيفْوَار

كُوت دِيفْوَار • (kōt divwār) f

كُوت دِيفْوَار (canonical)
kōt divwār (romanization)
كُوت دِيڤْوَار (alternative)

ar:ساحل العاج


زغرب

زَغْرِب • (zaḡrib) m

زَغْرِب (canonical)
zaḡrib (romanization)


هافانا

هَافَانَا • (hāfānā) f

هَافَانَا (canonical)
hāfānā (romanization)


كوبا

كُوبَا • (kūbā) f

كُوبَا (canonical)
kūbā (romanization)
كُوبَا (definite informal invariable singular)
كُوبَا (definite invariable nominative singular)
كُوبَا (accusative definite invariable singular)
كُوبَا (definite genitive invariable singular)

Cuba (a country, the largest island (based on land area) in the Caribbean)


نيقوسيا

نِيقُوسِيَّا

نِيقُوسِيَّا • (nīqūsiyyā) f

نِيقُوسِيَّا (canonical)
nīqūsiyyā (romanization)

Nicosia (the capital city of Cyprus; the capital city of Northern Cyprus)


جمهورية قبرص

جُمْهُورِيَّة قُبْرُص

جُمْهُورِيَّة قُبْرُص • (jumhūriyyat qubruṣ) f

جُمْهُورِيَّة قُبْرُص (canonical)
jumhūriyyat qubruṣ (romanization)
جُمْهُورِيَّة قُبْرُص (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
جُمْهُورِيَّةُ قُبْرُصَ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
جُمْهُورِيَّةَ قُبْرُصَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
جُمْهُورِيَّةِ قُبْرُصَ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

جُمْهُورِيَّة

Republic of Cyprus
Republic of Cyprus#English:_Q229

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Republic of Cyprus (official name of Cyprus: an island country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


قبرص

ar-proper noun

قُبْرُص • (qubruṣ) f

قُبْرُص (canonical)
qubruṣ (romanization)
قُبْرُص (definite diptote informal singular)
قُبْرُصُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
قُبْرُصَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
قُبْرُصَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


براغ

بْرَاغ • (prāg) f

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


جمهورية التشيك

جُمْهُورِيَّةالتْشِيك

جُمْهُورِيَّة التْشِيك • (jumhūriyya(t) at-tšīk) f

جُمْهُورِيَّة التْشِيك (canonical)
t (romanization)
جُمْهُورِيَّة التّْشِيك (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
جُمْهُورِيَّةُ التّْشِيكِ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
جُمْهُورِيَّةَ التّْشِيكِ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
جُمْهُورِيَّةِ التّْشِيكِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

ar-decl-noun

جُمْهُورِيَّة

ar:جمهورية التشيك


كوبنهاغن

ar-proper noun

كُوبَنْهَاغَن

كُوبِنْهَاغَن

كُوبَنْهَاغَن or كُوبِنْهَاغَن • (kūbanhāḡan or kūbinhāḡan) f

كُوبَنْهَاغَن (canonical)
كُوبِنْهَاغَن (canonical)
kūbanhāḡan (romanization)
kūbinhāḡan (romanization)
كُوبَنْهَاغَن (definite diptote informal singular)
كُوبِنْهَاغَن (definite diptote informal singular)
كُوبَنْهَاغَنُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
كُوبِنْهَاغَنُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
كُوبَنْهَاغَنَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
كُوبِنْهَاغَنَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
كُوبَنْهَاغَنَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
كُوبِنْهَاغَنَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

ar-decl-noun

كُوبَنْهَاغَن:di

كُوبِنْهَاغَن:di

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


الدنمارك

ar-proper noun

الدَّنْمَارْك

الدَّنْمَارْك • (ad-danmārk) f

الدَّنْمَارْك (canonical)
ad-danmārk (romanization)
الدَّانْمَارْك (alternative)
الدَّنْمَرْك (alternative)
الدَّانْمَرْك (alternative)


الدانمارك

الدَّانْمَارْك

الدَّانْمَارْك • (ad-dānmārk) f

الدَّانْمَارْك (canonical)
ad-dānmārk (romanization)

الدَّنْمَارْك الدنمارك#Arabic

alternative form of الدَّنْمَارْك (ad-danmārk)


جمهورية جيبوتي

جُمْهُورِيَّة جِيبُوتِي

جُمْهُورِيَّة جِيبُوتِي • (jumhūriyyat jībūtī) f

جُمْهُورِيَّة جِيبُوتِي (canonical)
jumhūriyyat jībūtī (romanization)

Republic of Djibouti
Republic of Djibouti#English:_Q977

Republic of Djibouti (official name of Djibouti: a country in East Africa)


روسو

رُوسُو • (rōsō) f


دومينيك

دُومِينِيك • (dōmīnīk) f

دُومِينِيك (canonical)
dōmīnīk (romanization)

Dominica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


سانتو دومينجو

سَانْتُو دُومِينْجُو

سَانْتُو دُومِينْجُو • (sāntō dōmīngō) f

سَانْتُو دُومِينْجُو (canonical)
sāntō dōmīngō (romanization)
سَان دُومِينْجُو (alternative)

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

Santo Domingo (the capital city of the Dominican Republic)


جمهورية الدومنيكان

جُمُهورِيَّة اَلدُّومِنِيكَان

جُمُهورِيَّة اَلدُّومِنِيكَان • (jumhūriyyat ad-duminikān) f

جُمُهورِيَّة اَلدُّومِنِيكَان (canonical)
jumhūriyyat ad-duminikān (romanization)

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English:_Q786

Dominican Republic (a country in the Caribbean)


أنتيغوا وبربودا

أَنْتِيغُوَا وَبَرْبُودَا

أَنْتِيغُوَا وَبَرْبُودَا • (ʾantīḡuwā wa-barbūdā) f

أَنْتِيغُوَا وَبَرْبُودَا (canonical)
ʾantīḡuwā wa-barbūdā (romanization)

Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda#English:_Q781

Antigua and Barbuda (a country consisting of two islands in the Caribbean, Antigua and Barbuda)