ثوم

ثُوم (canonical)
ṯūm (romanization)
ثُومَة (feminine singulative)
ثُوم (collective indefinite informal triptote)
الثُّوم (collective definite informal triptote)
ثُوم (collective construct informal triptote)
ثُومٌ (collective indefinite nominative triptote)
الثُّومُ (collective definite nominative triptote)
ثُومُ (collective construct nominative triptote)
ثُومًا (accusative collective indefinite triptote)
الثُّومَ (accusative collective definite triptote)
ثُومَ (accusative collective construct triptote)
ثُومٍ (collective genitive indefinite triptote)
الثُّومِ (collective definite genitive triptote)
ثُومِ (collective construct genitive triptote)
ثُومَة (ar-infl-a collective indefinite informal singulative triptote)
الثُّومَة (ar-infl-a collective definite informal singulative triptote)
ثُومَة (ar-infl-a collective construct informal singulative triptote)
ثُومَةٌ (ar-infl-a collective indefinite nominative singulative triptote)
الثُّومَةُ (ar-infl-a collective definite nominative singulative triptote)
ثُومَةُ (ar-infl-a collective construct nominative singulative triptote)
ثُومَةً (accusative ar-infl-a collective indefinite singulative triptote)
الثُّومَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a collective definite singulative triptote)
ثُومَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a collective construct singulative triptote)
ثُومَةٍ (ar-infl-a collective genitive indefinite singulative triptote)
الثُّومَةِ (ar-infl-a collective definite genitive singulative triptote)
ثُومَةِ (ar-infl-a collective construct genitive singulative triptote)
ثُومَتَيْن (ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite informal singulative triptote)
الثُّومَتَيْن (ar-infl-a collective definite dual informal singulative triptote)
ثُومَتَيْ (ar-infl-a collective construct dual informal singulative triptote)
ثُومَتَانِ (ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite nominative singulative triptote)
الثُّومَتَانِ (ar-infl-a collective definite dual nominative singulative triptote)
ثُومَتَا (ar-infl-a collective construct dual nominative singulative triptote)
ثُومَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite singulative triptote)
الثُّومَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a collective definite dual singulative triptote)
ثُومَتَيْ (accusative ar-infl-a collective construct dual singulative triptote)
ثُومَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a collective dual genitive indefinite singulative triptote)
الثُّومَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a collective definite dual genitive singulative triptote)
ثُومَتَيْ (ar-infl-a collective construct dual genitive singulative triptote)
ثُومَات (feminine indefinite informal paucal sound-form)
الثُّومَات (definite feminine informal paucal sound-form)
ثُومَات (construct feminine informal paucal sound-form)
ثُومَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative paucal sound-form)
الثُّومَاتُ (definite feminine nominative paucal sound-form)
ثُومَاتُ (construct feminine nominative paucal sound-form)
ثُومَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite paucal sound-form)
الثُّومَاتِ (accusative definite feminine paucal sound-form)
ثُومَاتِ (accusative construct feminine paucal sound-form)
ثُومَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite paucal sound-form)
الثُّومَاتِ (definite feminine genitive paucal sound-form)
ثُومَاتِ (construct feminine genitive paucal sound-form)

Andalusian Arabic: ثَوْم (ṯawm)

Egyptian Arabic: توم (tōm)

Hijazi Arabic: ثوم (tūm)

Maltese: tewm

Moroccan Arabic: توم (tawm, tūm)

Sudanese Arabic: توم (tōm)

Yemeni Arabic: ثَوْم (ṯawm)

→ Swahili: saumu

١ سيف بلدي مفضه ببرشم فضه وتوم ومحاره وخروس فضه وكستبانه فضه مجلد مدس
١ حربة شلكاية كبيرة مسلكة بفضه
١ تركاس داخله سبعه حراب طبايق مسلكين بفضه
٢ كواكب مسلكين بفضه

p. 1897, a. 1917, “Gifts worthy of kings: An episode in Dār Fūr-Taqalī relations”, in Lidwien Kapteijns and Jay Spaulding, editors, Sudanic Africa, volume 1, published 1990, pages 61–70

1 native silvered sword with hilt of silver, decorative silvern beads, nacre, silver rings, a silver pommel, and tanned leather.
1 large long jagged spear wired in silver
1 quiver wherein there are seven short throwing spears wired with silver
2 spears of wide and jagged blade wired with silver

beads of silver or gold wherewith the grips of swords are decorated


بصل

بَصَل (canonical)
baṣal (romanization)
بَصَلَة (feminine singulative)
بَصَل (collective indefinite informal triptote)
الْبَصَل (collective definite informal triptote)
بَصَل (collective construct informal triptote)
بَصَلٌ (collective indefinite nominative triptote)
الْبَصَلُ (collective definite nominative triptote)
بَصَلُ (collective construct nominative triptote)
بَصَلًا (accusative collective indefinite triptote)
الْبَصَلَ (accusative collective definite triptote)
بَصَلَ (accusative collective construct triptote)
بَصَلٍ (collective genitive indefinite triptote)
الْبَصَلِ (collective definite genitive triptote)
بَصَلِ (collective construct genitive triptote)
بَصَلَة (ar-infl-a collective indefinite informal singulative triptote)
الْبَصَلَة (ar-infl-a collective definite informal singulative triptote)
بَصَلَة (ar-infl-a collective construct informal singulative triptote)
بَصَلَةٌ (ar-infl-a collective indefinite nominative singulative triptote)
الْبَصَلَةُ (ar-infl-a collective definite nominative singulative triptote)
بَصَلَةُ (ar-infl-a collective construct nominative singulative triptote)
بَصَلَةً (accusative ar-infl-a collective indefinite singulative triptote)
الْبَصَلَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a collective definite singulative triptote)
بَصَلَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a collective construct singulative triptote)
بَصَلَةٍ (ar-infl-a collective genitive indefinite singulative triptote)
الْبَصَلَةِ (ar-infl-a collective definite genitive singulative triptote)
بَصَلَةِ (ar-infl-a collective construct genitive singulative triptote)
بَصَلَتَيْن (ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite informal singulative triptote)
الْبَصَلَتَيْن (ar-infl-a collective definite dual informal singulative triptote)
بَصَلَتَيْ (ar-infl-a collective construct dual informal singulative triptote)
بَصَلَتَانِ (ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite nominative singulative triptote)
الْبَصَلَتَانِ (ar-infl-a collective definite dual nominative singulative triptote)
بَصَلَتَا (ar-infl-a collective construct dual nominative singulative triptote)
بَصَلَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a collective dual indefinite singulative triptote)
الْبَصَلَتَيْنِ (accusative ar-infl-a collective definite dual singulative triptote)
بَصَلَتَيْ (accusative ar-infl-a collective construct dual singulative triptote)
بَصَلَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a collective dual genitive indefinite singulative triptote)
الْبَصَلَتَيْنِ (ar-infl-a collective definite dual genitive singulative triptote)
بَصَلَتَيْ (ar-infl-a collective construct dual genitive singulative triptote)
بَصَلَات (feminine indefinite informal paucal sound-form)
الْبَصَلَات (definite feminine informal paucal sound-form)
بَصَلَات (construct feminine informal paucal sound-form)
بَصَلَاتٌ (feminine indefinite nominative paucal sound-form)
الْبَصَلَاتُ (definite feminine nominative paucal sound-form)
بَصَلَاتُ (construct feminine nominative paucal sound-form)
بَصَلَاتٍ (accusative feminine indefinite paucal sound-form)
الْبَصَلَاتِ (accusative definite feminine paucal sound-form)
بَصَلَاتِ (accusative construct feminine paucal sound-form)
بَصَلَاتٍ (feminine genitive indefinite paucal sound-form)
الْبَصَلَاتِ (definite feminine genitive paucal sound-form)
بَصَلَاتِ (construct feminine genitive paucal sound-form)

Maltese: basal

→ Afar: básal

→ Beja: basal

→ Bole: àlbasàr

→ Ge'ez: በጸል (bäṣäl), ቦጸል (boṣäl)

→ Hausa: àlbasā̀

→ Nupe: àlùbása

desc

àlùbọ́sà, àlùbásà

→ Yoruba: àlùbọ́sà, àlùbásà

→ Gun: àlùbásà

→ Krio: yabas

→ Igbo: yabasị

→ Jina: àlbasàr

→ Kanuri: albasar

→ Mabaan: bacan

→ Saho: basal

→ Sindhi: بصر (basar)

→ Somali: basal

→ Tigre: በጸል (bäṣäl)

Akin to Hebrew בָּצָל (bāṣā́l), Phoenician 𐤁𐤑𐤋 (bṣl), Aramaic בּוּצְלָא (būṣlā), Classical Syriac ܒܶܨܠܳܐ (beṣlā), Old South Arabian 𐩨𐩮𐩡 (bṣl), Mehri béṣál, Shehri béṣál, Soqotri biṣle. With a sound change it is also found in Akkadian 𒁉𒄑𒊒 (bisru, bišru; biṣru, “leek, a plant or bulb covered in a skin”), a variation influenced or conflated with Akkadian 𒁉𒄑𒀸 (biṣrum, “container, pouch, wrapping”), related also to Akkadian 𒁍𒊻𒍪𒊒𒌝 (buṣṣurum, “to tear apart, to peel”) specifically attested about garlic (a type of onion) and Akkadian 𒁉𒄑𒍪𒀸 (biṣṣūrum, “vulva, labia, folds of skin”).

cog

Hebrew בָּצָל (bāṣā́l)

Aramaic בּוּצְלָא (būṣlā)


كراث

ar-noun

كُرَّاث or كَرَّاث • (kurrāṯ or karrāṯ) m

كُرَّاث (canonical)
كَرَّاث (canonical)
kurrāṯ (romanization)
karrāṯ (romanization)
كُرَّاث (indefinite informal singular triptote)
كَرَّاث (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْكُرَّاث (definite informal singular triptote)
الْكَرَّاث (definite informal singular triptote)
كُرَّاث (construct informal singular triptote)
كَرَّاث (construct informal singular triptote)
كُرَّاثٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
كَرَّاثٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْكُرَّاثُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْكَرَّاثُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
كُرَّاثُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
كَرَّاثُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
كُرَّاثًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
كَرَّاثًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْكُرَّاثَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْكَرَّاثَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
كُرَّاثَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
كَرَّاثَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
كُرَّاثٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
كَرَّاثٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْكُرَّاثِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
الْكَرَّاثِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
كُرَّاثِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
كَرَّاثِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Maltese: kurrat, korrat

desc

→ Middle Armenian: քուռաթ (kʻuṙatʻ, “leek”), քուռիաթ (kʻuṙiatʻ), քուռութ (kʻuṙutʻ), քուռուս (kʻuṙus)

Armenian: քուռաթ (kʻuṙatʻ), քուռութ (kʻuṙutʻ)

→ English: kurrat

→ French: kurrat

Borrowed from Aramaic כרתא / ܟܪܬܐ (karrāṯā), from Akkadian 𒂵𒆜𒊬 (GA.KASKAL^(SAR), GA.RAŠ^(SAR) /karašu/), from Sumerian 𒂵𒆜𒊬 (GA.KASKAL^(SAR), GA.RAŠ^(SAR) /garaš/). Also Hebrew כְּרֵשָׁה (kərēšā́).

cog

Hebrew כְּרֵשָׁה (kərēšā́)

Allium ampeloprasum
Allium ampeloprasum#Translingual

Allium kurrat
Allium kurrat#Translingual

leek (specifically a cultivar of Allium ampeloprasum called Allium kurrat)


طيط

ar-noun

طِيط • (ṭīṭ) m

طِيط (canonical)
ṭīṭ (romanization)
طِيط (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الطِّيط (definite informal singular triptote)
طِيط (construct informal singular triptote)
طِيطٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الطِّيطُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
طِيطُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
طِيطًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الطِّيطَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
طِيطَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
طِيطٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الطِّيطِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
طِيطِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Unknown, possibly an ancient loan from Hebrew טִיט (ṭīṭ, “mud; clay”) or Moabite or Edomite identical to the Arabic طِين (ṭīn), the suffixation of ـَان (-ān) in general more likely Northwest Semitic, in view of the plant’s tunic dark brown, coarsely reticulate-fibrous bulb resembling a globe of clay.

طيطَان: الكراث البريّ, في ب مع البصل.
ṭiṭān is wild leek else under bee with بَصَل (baṣal, “onion”).

1179, أبو الخير الإشبيلي http://www.filaha.org/author_khayr.html Abū al-Ḵayr al-ʾIšbīliyy, edited by Joaquín Bustamante, Federico Corriente y Mohand Tilmatine, كتاب عمدة الطبيب في معرفة النبات لكل لبيب [Libro base del médico para el conocimiento de la botánica por todo experto] (Fuentes Arábico-Hispanas), volume I, Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional, published 2004, Nr. 2251, page 240

Allium sindjarense
Allium sindjarense#Translingual


ثوم معمر

ثُوم مُعَمَّر

ثُوم مُعَمَّر • (ṯūm muʕammar) m

ثُوم مُعَمَّر (canonical)
ṯūm muʕammar (romanization)
ثُوم مُعَمَّر (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الثُّوم الْمُعَمَّر (definite informal singular triptote)
ثُوم ... الْمُعَمَّر (construct informal singular triptote)
ثُومٌ مُعَمَّرٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الثُّومُ الْمُعَمَّرُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
ثُومُ ... الْمُعَمَّرُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
ثُومًا مُعَمَّرًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الثُّومَ الْمُعَمَّرَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
ثُومَ ... الْمُعَمَّرَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
ثُومٍ مُعَمَّرٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الثُّومِ الْمُعَمَّرِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
ثُومِ ... الْمُعَمَّرِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Allium schoenoprasum
Allium schoenoprasum#Translingual


عسقلان

عَسْقَلَان • (ʕasqalān) m

عَسْقَلَان (canonical)
ʕasqalān (romanization)
عَسْقَلَان (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْعَسْقَلَان (definite informal singular triptote)
عَسْقَلَان (construct informal singular triptote)
عَسْقَلَانٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْعَسْقَلَانُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
عَسْقَلَانُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
عَسْقَلَانًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَسْقَلَانَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
عَسْقَلَانَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
عَسْقَلَانٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْعَسْقَلَانِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
عَسْقَلَانِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

The shallot-sense is presumably a semantic loan from Spanish escaloña, escalonia, or Medieval Latin escalōnia, going back to Classical Latin ascalōnia (cēpa) the Romans called the plant after its abundant occurrence around the Palestinian town nicknamed in Ancient Greek Κρομμύων πολις (Krommúōn polis, literally “Onion City”), also retained in Old French eschaloigne and Italian scalogno – while the myth persists that the cultivar spread to Western Europe only by the first Crusades –, otherwise Arabs had no reason to call the plant precisely like the Romans.

noncog

Κρομμύων πολις

Allium cepa var. aggregatum
Allium cepa var. aggregatum

(al-Andalus) shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum)


قفلوط

ar-noun

قَفَلُوط • (qafalūṭ) m

قَفَلُوط (canonical)
qafalūṭ (romanization)
قَفَلُوط (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْقَفَلُوط (definite informal singular triptote)
قَفَلُوط (construct informal singular triptote)
قَفَلُوطٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْقَفَلُوطُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
قَفَلُوطُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
قَفَلُوطًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْقَفَلُوطَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
قَفَلُوطَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
قَفَلُوطٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْقَفَلُوطِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
قَفَلُوطِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

→ Persian: قفلوط

desc

→ Urdu: قفلوط

→ Urdu: قفلوط

From Classical Syriac ܩܦܠܘܛܐ (qap̄lūṭā, qap̄lōṭā) adapted from Ancient Greek κεφαλωτόν (kephalōtón, “headed”) after πράσον (práson, “leek”) found in the Materia medica during the science translation movement.

bor

القفلوط هو الكرّاث الشأمي من الطبّ الملوكي، هكذا صحّحتُه على أبي الفتوح بالقاف والباء.

a. 1050, مروان بن جناح [Marwān ibn Janāḥ], edited by Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, كتاب التلخيص [kitāb at-talḵīṣ] [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs], Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →DOI, →ISBN, 841 (fol. 71v,5–7), page 978:

Shallot is Syrian leek according to Rhazis Medicine of Kings. I mended it thus after the model of Abū l-Futūḥ with q and b.

كراث […] ومن الكراث الشامي صنف يقال له القفلوط لطيف الأصل أصغر من الشامي مدور أبيض وهو أشد حرافة من الثاني رديء للمعدة مضر بالبصر جداً، وإذا أدمن أكله أحدث الغشاء في العين وهو أقوى من الشامي في إدرار البول. الرازي في دفع مضار الأغذية: الكراث الشامي هو القفلوط يسخن وينفخ ويهيج الباه والإنعاظ وهو أسكن وأقل في الحدة والأعطاش من البصل وأغلظ جرماً وأبطأ نزولاً وانهضاماً ويصلح منه الخل والمري إذا اتخذ به وقال في موضع آخر والمخلل منه قريب من الكراث يلين البطن ويفتح سدد الكبد والطحال.

a. 1248, ابن البيطار [Ibn al-Bayṭār], الجامع لمفردات الأدوية والأغذية [De simplicibus medicinis opus magnum]:

De materia medica
Graeco-Arabic translation movement


قرط

ar-noun

قِرْط • (qirṭ) m

قِرْط (canonical)
qirṭ (romanization)
قِرْط (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْقِرْط (definite informal singular triptote)
قِرْط (construct informal singular triptote)
قِرْطٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْقِرْطُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
قِرْطُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
قِرْطًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْقِرْطَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
قِرْطَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
قِرْطٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْقِرْطِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
قِرْطِ (construct genitive singular triptote)

Compare قَتَّ (qatta), قَدَّ (qadda), ق ذ ذ (q ḏ ḏ), قَطَعَ (qaṭaʕa), قَرَضَ (qaraḍa).

ar-root

ق ذ ذ (q ḏ ḏ)


كراث نبطي

ar-noun

كُرَّاث نَبَطِيّ

كُرَّاث نَبَطِيّ • (kurrāṯ nabaṭiyy) m

كُرَّاث نَبَطِيّ (canonical)
kurrāṯ nabaṭiyy (romanization)
كُرَّاث نَبَطِي (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْكُرَّاث النَّبَطِي (definite informal singular triptote)
كُرَّاث ... النَّبَطِي (construct informal singular triptote)
كُرَّاثٌ نَبَطِيٌّ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْكُرَّاثُ النَّبَطِيُّ (definite nominative singular triptote)
كُرَّاثُ ... النَّبَطِيُّ (construct nominative singular triptote)
كُرَّاثًا نَبَطِيًّا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْكُرَّاثَ النَّبَطِيَّ (accusative definite singular triptote)
كُرَّاثَ ... النَّبَطِيَّ (accusative construct singular triptote)
كُرَّاثٍ نَبَطِيٍّ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْكُرَّاثِ النَّبَطِيِّ (definite genitive singular triptote)
كُرَّاثِ ... النَّبَطِيِّ (construct genitive singular triptote)

ثم يُلقى فوقه السلق المُقطَّع على قدر الأصبع وجزر، ثم يؤخذ البصل والكُرَّاث النبطي، ويُقشَّر ويُغسل بماء وملح ويُجعل فوقه

a. 1239, محمد بن حسن البغدادي, كتاب الطبيخ ومعجم المآكل الدمشقية, كتاب الطبيخ ومعجم المآكل الدمشقية, s.v. سُمَّاقِيَّة:

Then one throws cut beetroot over it, the size of the finger, and carrots, then one takes onions and shallots, slices them and washes them with water and salt and applies them above it.

(obsolete) shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum)